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Li W, Li P, Li X, Hou H, Lin H, Jin M, Liu K, Zhang X, Sheng W. Metabolomics-based profiling of anti-inflammatory compounds from Mentha spicata in shanghe, China. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35974. [PMID: 39220934 PMCID: PMC11365440 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mentha spicata is a popular herb used in foods, cosmetics, and medicines. In the present study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis and the zebrafish model were used to investigate the potential biomarkers of M. spicata growing in Shanghe County (Shandong Province, China) and their anti-inflammatory properties. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were performed to screen the main targets of the characteristic compounds to understand their mechanisms of action. Nine potential markers including sugars (1,2), polyphenolic acids (3-5), and flavonoids (6-9) were identified from the species. The inhibitory effects on leukocyte migration confirmed that compounds 1 and 3-9 played a positive role in the protective effect of Shanghe M. spicata (SM) extract against inflammation. Akt (protein kinase B), EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), and MMP9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9) were the core target proteins of the identified compounds in the anti-inflammatory process. The most significant Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment terms were response to abiotic stimulus (Biological Process), carbohydrate derivative binding (Molecular Function), and pathways in cancer. In docking simulations, 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid (3-PC, 4) and cirsimaritin (CN, 7) exhibited the highest potential affinity to the active sites of Akt and EGFR proteins, respectively; additionally, 5-demethylsinensetin (5-DS, 9) and luteolin (LN, 6) were considered the most suitable ligands for the MMP9 protein. The present study highlighted the use of SM resources as functional products with health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhai Li
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Peihai Li
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Hairong Hou
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Houwen Lin
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Meng Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Xuanming Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Wenlong Sheng
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
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Jordan C, Hayashi T, Löbbert A, Fan J, Teschers CS, Siebold K, Aufiero M, Pape F, Campbell E, Axer A, Bussmann K, Bergander K, Köhnke J, Gossert AD, Gilmour R. Probing the Origin of Affinity in the GM1-Cholera Toxin Complex through Site-Selective Editing with Fluorine. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:1481-1489. [PMID: 39220706 PMCID: PMC11363330 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrates regulate an inimitable spectrum of biological functions, yet successfully leveraging this therapeutic avenue continues to be frustrated by low affinities with glycan-specific proteins. A conspicuous exception is the interaction of monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) with the carbohydrate-recognition domain of cholera toxin from Vibrio cholerae: this is one of the strongest protein-carbohydrate interactions known. To establish the importance of a long-discussed key hydrogen bond between C2 of the terminal galactose of GM1 and the B subunit pentamer of cholera toxin (CTB5), the total synthesis of a selectively fluorinated GM1 epitope was conducted in 19 steps. This process of molecular editing (Oδ-H → Fδ-) strategically deletes the hydrogen bond donor while retaining the localized partial charge of the substituent. Comparison of the binding affinity of F-GM1/CTB5 with native GM1, the GM1 carbohydrate epitope, and meta-mononitrophenyl-α-galactoside (MNPG) revealed a trend that fully supports the importance of this key interaction. These NMR data suggest that F-GM1 binds in a closely similar conformation as native GM1. Crystallographic analyses of the complex also confirm that the OH → F bioisosteric exchange at C2 of the terminal galactose induces a ring conformation that eliminates key hydrogen bonds: these interactions are compensated for by inter- and intramolecular fluorine-specific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Jordan
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Taiki Hayashi
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Jingran Fan
- Institut
für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität
Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Siebold
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marialuisa Aufiero
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Pape
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Emma Campbell
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Axer
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Bussmann
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Bergander
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jesko Köhnke
- Institut
für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität
Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ryan Gilmour
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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3
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Jordan C, Siebold K, Priegue P, Seeberger PH, Gilmour R. A Fluorinated Sialic Acid Vaccine Lead Against Meningitis B and C. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15366-15375. [PMID: 38768956 PMCID: PMC11157539 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by the specificity of α-(2,9)-sialyl epitopes in bacterial capsular polysaccharides (CPS), a doubly fluorinated disaccharide has been validated as a vaccine lead against Neisseria meningitidis serogroups C and/or B. Emulating the importance of fluorine in drug discovery, this molecular editing approach serves a multitude of purposes, which range from controlling α-selective chemical sialylation to mitigating competing elimination. Conjugation of the disialoside with two carrier proteins (CRM197 and PorA) enabled a semisynthetic vaccine to be generated; this was then investigated in six groups of six mice. The individual levels of antibodies formed were compared and classified as highly glycan-specific and protective. All glycoconjugates induced a stable and long-term IgG response and binding to the native CPS epitope was achieved. The generated antibodies were protective against MenC and/or MenB; this was validated in vitro by SBA and OPKA assays. By merging the fluorinated glycan epitope of MenC with an outer cell membrane protein of MenB, a bivalent vaccine against both serogroups was created. It is envisaged that validation of this synthetic, fluorinated disialoside bioisostere as a potent antigen will open new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Jordan
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Kathrin Siebold
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Patricia Priegue
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Freie
Universität Berlin, Institute of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Freie
Universität Berlin, Institute of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
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Wang Y, Xiong Y, Shi K, Effah CY, Song L, He L, Liu J. DNA nanostructures for exploring cell-cell communication. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4020-4044. [PMID: 38444346 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00944k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The process of coordinating between the same or multiple types of cells to jointly execute various instructions in a controlled and carefully regulated environment is a very appealing field. In order to provide clearer insight into the role of cell-cell interactions and the cellular communication of this process in their local communities, several interdisciplinary approaches have been employed to enhance the core understanding of this phenomenon. DNA nanostructures have emerged in recent years as one of the most promising tools in exploring cell-cell communication and interactions due to their programmability and addressability. Herein, this review is dedicated to offering a new perspective on using DNA nanostructures to explore the progress of cell-cell communication. After briefly outlining the anchoring strategy of DNA nanostructures on cell membranes and the subsequent dynamic regulation of DNA nanostructures, this paper highlights the significant contribution of DNA nanostructures in monitoring cell-cell communication and regulating its interactions. Finally, we provide a quick overview of the current challenges and potential directions for the application of DNA nanostructures in cellular communication and interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yamin Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kangqi Shi
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Clement Yaw Effah
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Lulu Song
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Leiliang He
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jianbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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5
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O'Dwyer M, Kirkham-McCarthy L, Cerreto M, Foà R, Natoni A. PSGL-1 decorated with sialyl Lewis a/x promotes high affinity binding of myeloma cells to P-selectin but is dispensable for E-selectin engagement. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1756. [PMID: 38243063 PMCID: PMC10798956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of multiple myeloma into the bone marrow proceeds through sequential steps mediated by a variety of adhesion molecules and chemokines that eventually results in the extravasation of malignant plasma cells into this protective niche. Selectins are a class of C-type lectins that recognize carbohydrate structures exposed on blood borne cells and participate in the first step of the extravasation cascade, serving as brakes to slow down circulating cells enabling them to establish firm adhesion onto the endothelium. Myeloma cells enriched for the expression of selectin ligands present an aggressive disease in vivo that is refractory to bortezomib treatment and can be reverted by small molecules targeting E-selectin. In this study, we have defined the molecular determinants of the selectin ligands expressed on myeloma cells. We show that PSGL-1 is the main protein carrier of sialyl Lewisa/x-related structures in myeloma. PSGL-1 decorated with sialyl Lewisa/x is essential for P-selectin binding but dispensable for E-selectin binding. Moreover, sialylation is required for E-selectin engagement whereas high affinity binding to P-selectin occurs even in the absence of sialic acid. This study provides further knowledge on the biology of selectin ligands in myeloma, opening the way to their clinical application as diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O'Dwyer
- Translational Research Facility, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lucy Kirkham-McCarthy
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Marina Cerreto
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Robin Foà
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Natoni
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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Radu P, Zurzu M, Paic V, Bratucu M, Garofil D, Tigora A, Georgescu V, Prunoiu V, Pasnicu C, Popa F, Surlin P, Surlin V, Strambu V. CD34-Structure, Functions and Relationship with Cancer Stem Cells. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050938. [PMID: 37241170 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The CD34 protein was identified almost four decades ago as a biomarker for hematopoietic stem cell progenitors. CD34 expression of these stem cells has been exploited for therapeutic purposes in various hematological disorders. In the last few decades, studies have revealed the presence of CD34 expression on other types of cells with non-hematopoietic origins, such as interstitial cells, endothelial cells, fibrocytes, and muscle satellite cells. Furthermore, CD34 expression may also be found on a variety of cancer stem cells. Nowadays, the molecular functions of this protein have been involved in a variety of cellular functions, such as enhancing proliferation and blocking cell differentiation, enhanced lymphocyte adhesion, and cell morphogenesis. Although a complete understanding of this transmembrane protein, including its developmental origins, its stem cell connections, and other functions, is yet to be achieved. In this paper, we aimed to carry out a systematic analysis of the structure, functions, and relationship with cancer stem cells of CD34 based on the literature overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petru Radu
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Zurzu
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Paic
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Bratucu
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Garofil
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Tigora
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentin Georgescu
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Virgiliu Prunoiu
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Costin Pasnicu
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florian Popa
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petra Surlin
- Department of Periodontology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Valeriu Surlin
- Sixth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova Emergency Clinical 7 Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Victor Strambu
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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Abstract
Both the cascade whereby a blood-borne cell enters a tissue and the anchoring of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) within bone marrow critically pivots on cell-cell interactions mediated by E-selectin binding to its canonical carbohydrate ligand, the tetrasaccharide termed "sialylated Lewis X" (sLeX). E-selectin, a member of the selectin class of adhesion molecules that is exclusively expressed by vascular endothelium, engages sLeX-bearing glycoconjugates that adorn mature leukocytes and HSPCs, as well as malignant cells, thereby permitting these cells to extravasate into various tissues. E-selectin expression is induced on microvascular endothelial cells within inflammatory loci at all tissues. However, conspicuously, E-selectin is constitutively expressed within microvessels in skin and marrow and, additionally, is inducibly expressed at these sites. Within the marrow, E-selectin receptor/ligand interactions promote lodgment of HSPCs and their malignant counterparts within hematopoietic growth-promoting microenvironments, collectively known as "vascular niches". Indeed, E-selectin receptor/ligand interactions have been reported to regulate both hematopoietic stem, and leukemic, cell proliferative dynamics. As such, signaling induced via engagement of E-selectin ligands is gaining interest as a critical mediator of homeostatic and malignant hematopoiesis, and this review will present current perspectives on the glycoconjugates mediating E-selectin receptor/ligand interactions and their currently defined role(s) in leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Ales
- Department of Translational Medicine & The Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine & The Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States.
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Li L, Wu L, Urschbach M, Straßburger D, Liu X, Besenius P, Chen G. Modular Platform of Carbohydrates-modified Supramolecular Polymers Based on Dendritic Peptide Scaffolds. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 2:478-485. [PMID: 36536888 PMCID: PMC9756342 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glycopeptide supramolecular polymers displaying multivalent carbohydrates are particularly suitable for immune-relevant biomaterials, due to the important functions of carbohydrates in mediating cell-cell communication and modulating immune responses. However, the diversity and complexity of carbohydrates limited the generation of glycopeptide supramolecular monomers. Thereby, a modular platform of presenting various carbohydrates, especially more complex oligosaccharides, is highly desirable but remains underexplored. Here, we first prepared the linear amphiphilic glycopeptides that self-assembled into spherical nanoparticles and worm-like nanoparticles. Furthermore, the dendritic glycopeptides that self-assembled into uniform nanorods were designed to generate modular supramolecular polymers with variable functionality, via redesigning the molecular backbone. With various functional oligosaccharide-modified supramolecular polymers, the in vitro studies further indicated that these polymers were not cytotoxic to macrophages, and significantly modulated the production of proinflammatory cytokines. These findings provide a promising platform to develop supramolecular glycopeptide biomaterials with potential applications in immunomodulation and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- The
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department
of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Libin Wu
- The
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department
of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Moritz Urschbach
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10−14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - David Straßburger
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10−14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- The
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department
of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pol Besenius
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10−14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Guosong Chen
- The
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department
of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Multiscale
Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Liao Z, Niu Y, Wang Z, Chen J, Sun X, Dong L, Wang C. A "Nonsolvent Quenching" Strategy for 3D Printing of Polysaccharide Scaffolds with Immunoregulatory Accuracy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203236. [PMID: 36156431 PMCID: PMC9731704 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
3D printing enables the customized design of implant structures for accurately regulating host responses. However, polysaccharides, as a major biomaterial category with versatile immune activities, are typically "non-printable" due to the collapse of their filaments extruded during printing. This challenge renders their potential as immunomodulatory scaffolds underexploited. Here, inspired by the quench hardening in metal processing, a nonsolvent quenching (NSQ) strategy is innovatively designed for the 3D printing of polysaccharides. Through rapid solvent exchanging, NSQ instantly induces surface hardening to strengthen the polysaccharide filaments upon extrusion, requiring neither chemical modification nor physical blending that alters the material properties. Tested with five polysaccharides with varying physicochemical properties, NSQ prints predesigned structures at organ-relevant scales and a long shelf-life over 3 months. Glucomannan scaffolds, fabricated via NSQ with different grid spacings (1.5 and 2.5 cm), induce distinct host responses upon murine subcutaneous implantation-from specific carbohydrate receptor activation to differential immunocytes accumulation and tissue matrix remodeling-as mechanistically validated in wild-type and Tlr2-/- knockout mice. Overall, NSQ as a facile and generic strategy is demonstrated to fabricate polysaccharide scaffolds with improved shape fidelity, thereby potentially unmasking their accurate immunomodulatory activities for future biomaterials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhencheng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medicine & Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of Health ScienceUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
| | - Yiming Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medicine & Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of Health ScienceUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210093China
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medicine & Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of Health ScienceUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute (ZUMRI)HengqinGuangdong519031China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical CenterPLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College28 Fu Xing RoadBeijing100853P. R. China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210093China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medicine & Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of Health ScienceUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute (ZUMRI)HengqinGuangdong519031China
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de Oliveira Toledo SL, Ladeira VS, Nogueira LS, Ferreira LGR, Oliveira MM, de Oliveira Renó C, dos Santos HL, Coelho-dos-Reis JGA, Campi-Azevedo AC, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Rios DRA, Barros-Pinheiro M. Plasma immune mediators as laboratorial biomarkers for Sickle Cell Disease patients according to the hydroxyurea therapy and disease severity. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2022; 98:102703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2022.102703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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11
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Zeynaloo E, Stone LD, Dikici E, Ricordi C, Deo SK, Bachas LG, Daunert S, Lanzoni G. Delivery of therapeutic agents and cells to pancreatic islets: Towards a new era in the treatment of diabetes. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 83:101063. [PMID: 34961627 PMCID: PMC11328325 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet cells, and in particular insulin-producing beta cells, are centrally involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. These cells are of paramount importance for the endocrine control of glycemia and glucose metabolism. In Type 1 Diabetes, islet beta cells are lost due to an autoimmune attack. In Type 2 Diabetes, beta cells become dysfunctional and insufficient to counterbalance insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Therapeutic agents have been developed to support the function of islet cells, as well as to inhibit deleterious immune responses and inflammation. Most of these agents have undesired effects due to systemic administration and off-target effects. Typically, only a small fraction of therapeutic agent reaches the desired niche in the pancreas. Because islets and their beta cells are scattered throughout the pancreas, access to the niche is limited. Targeted delivery to pancreatic islets could dramatically improve the therapeutic effect, lower the dose requirements, and lower the side effects of agents administered systemically. Targeted delivery is especially relevant for those therapeutics for which the manufacturing is difficult and costly, such as cells, exosomes, and microvesicles. Along with therapeutic agents, imaging reagents intended to quantify the beta cell mass could benefit from targeted delivery. Several methods have been developed to improve the delivery of agents to pancreatic islets. Intra-arterial administration in the pancreatic artery is a promising surgical approach, but it has inherent risks. Targeted delivery strategies have been developed based on ligands for cell surface molecules specific to islet cells or inflamed vascular endothelial cells. Delivery methods range from nanocarriers and vectors to deliver pharmacological agents to viral and non-viral vectors for the delivery of genetic constructs. Several strategies demonstrated enhanced therapeutic effects in diabetes with lower amounts of therapeutic agents and lower off-target side effects. Microvesicles, exosomes, polymer-based vectors, and nanocarriers are gaining popularity for targeted delivery. Notably, liposomes, lipid-assisted nanocarriers, and cationic polymers can be bioengineered to be immune-evasive, and their advantages to transport cargos into target cells make them appealing for pancreatic islet-targeted delivery. Viral vectors have become prominent tools for targeted gene delivery. In this review, we discuss the latest strategies for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents and imaging reagents to pancreatic islet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Zeynaloo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Logan D Stone
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Emre Dikici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM at University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sapna K Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM at University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Leonidas G Bachas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM at University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM at University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Giacomo Lanzoni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM at University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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12
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Jang H, Lee C, Hwang Y, Lee SJ. Concanavalin A: coordination diversity to xenobiotic metal ions and biological consequences. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17817-17831. [PMID: 34806716 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03501k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The binding ability of lectins has gained attention owing to the carbohydrate-specific interactions of these proteins. Such interactions can be applied to diverse fields of biotechnology, including the detection, isolation, and concentration of biological target molecules. The physiological aspects of the lectin concanavalin A (ConA) have been intensively studied through structural and functional investigations. X-ray crystallography studies have proven that ConA has two β-sheets and a short α-helix and that it exists in the form of a metalloprotein containing Mn2+ and Ca2+. These heterometals are coordinated with side chains located in a metal-coordinated domain (MCD), and they affect the structural environment in the carbohydrate-binding domain (CBD), which interacts with carbohydrates through hydrogen bonds. Recent studies have shown that ConA can regulate biophysical interactions with glycoproteins in virus envelopes because it specifically interacts with diverse polysaccharides through its CBD (Tyr, Asn, Asp, and Arg residues positioned next to the MCD). Owing to their protein-protein interaction abilities, ConA can form diverse self-assembled complexes including monomers, dimers, trimers, and tetramers, thus affording unique results in different applications. In this regard, herein, we present a review of the structural modifications in ConA through metal-ion coordination and their effect on complex formation. In recent approaches, ConA has been applied for viral protein detection, on the basis of the interactions of ConA. These aspects indicate that lectins should be thoroughly investigated with respect to their biophysical interactions, for avoiding unexpected changes in their interaction abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hara Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chaemin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunha Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Jae Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Dätwyler P, Jiang X, Wagner B, Varga N, Mühlethaler T, Hostettler K, Rabbani S, Schwardt O, Ernst B. Prodrugs of E-selectin Antagonists with Enhanced Pharmacokinetic Properties. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100634. [PMID: 34870892 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Because of their large polar surface area, carbohydrates often exhibit insufficient pharmacokinetic properties. Specifically, the carboxylic acid function of the tetrasaccharide sialyl Lewisx , a pharmacophore crucial for the formation of a salt bridge with selectins, prevents oral availability. A common approach is the transfer of carboxylic acid into ester prodrugs. Once the prodrug is either actively or passively absorbed, the active principle is released by hydrolysis. In the present study, ester prodrugs of selectin antagonists with aliphatic promoieties were synthesized and their potential for oral availability was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The addition of lipophilic ester moieties to overcome insufficient lipophilicity improved passive permeation into enterocytes, however at the same time supported efflux back to the small intestines as well as oxidation into non-hydrolysable metabolites. In summary, our examples demonstrate that different modifications of carbohydrates can result in opposing effects and have to be studied in their entirety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dätwyler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Varga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Mühlethaler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katja Hostettler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Said Rabbani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schwardt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat Ernst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Immunohistochemistry in the Postmortem Diagnosis of Sepsis: A Systematic Review. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 28:571-578. [PMID: 31290786 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is not uncommon for the forensic pathologist to question whether a deceased person had experienced sepsis that could have either been the cause of or contributed to the person's death. Often, the missing typical pathologic factors or lack of clinical and circumstantial information on the death render the autopsy of a sepsis-related death a difficult task for the forensic pathologist. Several authors emphasize on how an immunohistochemical analysis could help in diagnosing death related to sepsis. The research we carried out analyzes the main scientific studies in the literature, primarily the tracing of 21 immunohistochemical antigens evaluated to help diagnose death related to sepsis. The purpose of this review was to analyze and summarize the markers studied until now and to consider the limitations of immunohistochemistry that currently exist with regard to this particular field of forensic pathology. Immunohistochemistry provided interesting and promising results, but further studies are needed in order for them to be confirmed, so that they may be applied in standard forensic practice.
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15
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Wu B, Ndugire W, Chen X, Yan M. Maltoheptaose-Presenting Nanoscale Glycoliposomes for the Delivery of Rifampicin to E. coli. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7343-7357. [PMID: 34746649 PMCID: PMC8570549 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes, a nanoscale drug delivery system, are well known for their ability to improve pharmacokinetics and reduce drug toxicity. In this work, maltoheptaose (G7)-presenting glycoliposomes were synthesized and evaluated in the delivery of the antibiotic rifampicin. Two types of liposomes were prepared: nonfluid liposomes from l-α-phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol, and fluid liposomes from 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol). G7-derivatized glycolipid, G7-DPPE (DPPE: 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine), was incorporated into the liposomes at 21 and 14 μmol/mg to form nanoparticles of 75 ± 12 and 146 ± 14 nm for the nonfluid and fluid G7-glycoliposomes, respectively. The multivalent G7-glycoliposomes were characterized by lectin binding with concanavalin A (Con A). The dissociation constant K d between Con A and the nonfluid or fluid G7-glycoliposomes was 0.93 or 0.51 μM, which represented ~900- or 1600-fold stronger affinity than the binding between Con A and G7. The G7-glycoliposomes were loaded with rifampicin at 6.6 and 16 wt % encapsulation for the nonfluid and fluid G7-glycoliposomes, respectively. Introducing a carbohydrate in the liposomes slowed down the release of rifampicin, with the G7-glycoliposomes having the slowest release rate and the lowest permeability coefficient among the liposome formulations. The fluid G7-glycoliposomes lowered the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of rifampicin against E. coli ORN208 by about 3 times, whereas liposomes without G7 or Man (d-mannose)-glycoliposomes showed no improvement in MIC. The rifampicin-loaded fluid G7-glycoliposomes demonstrated the best sustained antibacterial activity against E. coli, with up to 2 log reduction in the colony forming units at 4 × MIC after 24 h. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer and confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed stronger interactions of the bacterium with the fluid G7-glycoliposomes than other liposome formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - William Ndugire
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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16
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Jin Y, Ji W, Yang H, Chen S, Zhang W, Duan G. Endothelial activation and dysfunction in COVID-19: from basic mechanisms to potential therapeutic approaches. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:293. [PMID: 33361764 PMCID: PMC7758411 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
On 12 March 2020, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. As of 4 August 2020, more than 18 million confirmed infections had been reported globally. Most patients have mild symptoms, but some patients develop respiratory failure which is the leading cause of death among COVID-19 patients. Endothelial cells with high levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression are major participants and regulators of inflammatory reactions and coagulation. Accumulating evidence suggests that endothelial activation and dysfunction participate in COVID-19 pathogenesis by altering the integrity of vessel barrier, promoting pro-coagulative state, inducing endothelial inflammation, and even mediating leukocyte infiltration. This review describes the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms of endothelial activation and dysfunction during COVID-19 emphasizing the principal mediators and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangquan Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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Ahmed I, Sozmen M. Expression of PDGF-A, PDGFRA, integrin subunit alpha V and selectin E is increased in canine cutaneous fibrosarcomas. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:546-554. [PMID: 33034211 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1832256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the expression of platelet derived growth factor alpha (PDGFA); its receptor, PDGFRA; integrin subunit alpha V; and selectin E in cutaneous fibrosarcomas in dogs. Ten cases of canine fibrosarcomas were obtained from the archive of the Department of Pathology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun. Tissue sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff, Masson's trichrome, and also immunostained. Eight tumors classified as spontaneous fibrosarcomas exhibited interwoven bundles of spindle shaped cells with oval to plump nuclei and scant cytoplasm, while two tumors exhibited features of injection site fibrosarcoma with peripheral infiltration of mononuclear cells and intratumor necrosis. We found that neoplastic cells from all cases exhibited cytoplasmic expression of PDGFA, and cytoplasmic and nuclear staining for PDGFRA. Integrin subunit alpha V immunostaining was observed in all cases, while selectin E expression was observed in vascular endothelial cells and neoplastic cells. A significant positive correlation was found between the expression of PDGFA and integrin subunit alpha V. Our findings indicate that PDGFA, PDGFRA, integrin subunit alpha V and selectin E are expressed strongly in canine cutaneous fibrosarcomas and may contribute to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahmut Sozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University , Samsun, Turkey
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18
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Li C, Qiu Q, Liu M, Liu X, Hu L, Luo X, Lai C, Zhao D, Zhang H, Gao X, Deng Y, Song Y. Sialic acid-conjugate modified liposomes targeting neutrophils for improved tumour therapy. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:2189-2201. [PMID: 32096498 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in humans. Many tumor-treatment methods that are related to tissue infiltration and the activation of neutrophils have been developed. In particular, one strategy, which aims to improve tumor treatment, involves the exploitation or targeting of activated neutrophils. Peripheral blood neutrophils (PBNs) from tumor-bearing mice display high expression of l-selectin, which is well known to be targeted by the sialic acid (SA) ligand. Hence, in this research, we developed a drug delivery platform involving liposomes modified with an SA conjugate that targets activated PBNs. The uptake of doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded liposomes by PBNs did not alter their activation and transmigration. Furthermore, in tumor-bearing mice, SA-modified liposomes displayed a greater tumor-targeting ability and stronger tumor treatment efficacy, which were mediated by the neutrophil infiltration induced by inflammatory factors released from the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, SA-modified liposomal DOX was shown to be an effective neutrophil-mediated drug delivery system for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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19
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α-1-Acid Glycoprotein Concentration as an Outcome Predictor in Adult Patients with Sepsis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3174896. [PMID: 31309103 PMCID: PMC6594333 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3174896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background α-1-Acid glycoprotein (AGP) is an acute-phase protein that plays a role in first-line defense against infection and is therefore elevated in sepsis. We tested the hypothesis that AGP levels increase initially in sepsis and decrease after antimicrobial therapy and that these levels may predict treatment outcomes. Methods AGP, biomarkers widely used in clinical practice, and maximum 24-h acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE)-II scores upon emergency department (ED) admission were prospectively evaluated and compared. We further examined changes in AGP concentrations 1, 4, and 7 days after admission and determined the value of AGP that may be used to accurately and reliably predict the prognosis in patients with sepsis. Results Mechanical ventilation, white blood cell (WBC) counts, C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate levels, maximum 24-h APACHE-II scores, and AGP concentrations were significantly higher upon admission in patients with sepsis who died. AGP and lactate concentrations were also significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors on days 1, 4, and 7. As indicated by the stepwise logistic regression model analysis and area under the curve analysis, AGP was the best prognostic indicator, and the cut-off value for predicting fatality was 1307 μg/mL, and any increase 1-ng/mL in AGP concentration would increase the fatality rate by 0.5%. Conclusion Based on our observations, AGP may be a good prognostic predictor in patients with sepsis. In addition, serial AGP levels meet the requirements for predicting outcomes in patients with sepsis.
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20
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Toledo SLDO, Guedes JVM, Alpoim PN, Rios DRA, Pinheiro MDB. Sickle cell disease: Hemostatic and inflammatory changes, and their interrelation. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 493:129-137. [PMID: 30825426 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease, the most common genetic blood disorder in the world, has high clinical variability, negatively impacts quality of life and contributes to early mortality. Sickled erythrocytes cause blood flow obstruction, hemolysis, and several hemostatic changes that promote coagulation. These events, in turn, induce chronic inflammation, characterized by elevated plasma levels of pro-inflammatory markers, which aggravates the already unfavorable state of the circulatory system. Empirical evidence indicates that the hemostatic and inflammatory systems continuously interact with each other and thereby further propagate the hypercoagulability and inflammatory conditions. In this review article, we discuss the pathophysiological aspects of sickle cell disease and the hemostatic and inflammatory changes that underlie its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia L de O Toledo
- Federal University of São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Dona Lindu Center-West Campus, Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho Street, 400, Chanadour, 35501-296 Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - João V M Guedes
- Federal University of São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Dona Lindu Center-West Campus, Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho Street, 400, Chanadour, 35501-296 Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Patrícia N Alpoim
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil
| | - Danyelle R A Rios
- Federal University of São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Dona Lindu Center-West Campus, Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho Street, 400, Chanadour, 35501-296 Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Melina de B Pinheiro
- Federal University of São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Dona Lindu Center-West Campus, Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho Street, 400, Chanadour, 35501-296 Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.
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21
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Ruvinsky AM, Aloni I, Cappel D, Higgs C, Marshall K, Rotkiewicz P, Repasky M, Feher VA, Feyfant E, Hessler G, Matter H. The Role of Bridging Water and Hydrogen Bonding as Key Determinants of Noncovalent Protein-Carbohydrate Recognition. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2684-2693. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ishita Aloni
- Schrödinger, Inc.; 120 West 45th Street New York NY 10036 USA
| | | | - Chris Higgs
- Schrödinger, Inc.; 10201 Wateridge Circle, Suite 220 San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Kyle Marshall
- Schrödinger, Inc.; 101 SW Main Street Portland OR 97204 USA
| | - Piotr Rotkiewicz
- Schrödinger, Inc.; 222 Third Street, Suite 2230 Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Matt Repasky
- Schrödinger, Inc.; 101 SW Main Street Portland OR 97204 USA
| | - Victoria A. Feher
- Schrödinger, Inc.; 10201 Wateridge Circle, Suite 220 San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Eric Feyfant
- Schrödinger, Inc.; 222 Third Street, Suite 2230 Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Gerhard Hessler
- Sanofi-Aventis (Deutschland) GmbH; Integrated Drug Discovery (IDD), Synthetic Molecular Design, Building G838; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Hans Matter
- Sanofi-Aventis (Deutschland) GmbH; Integrated Drug Discovery (IDD), Synthetic Molecular Design, Building G838; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
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22
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Sood A, Gerlits OO, Ji Y, Bovin NV, Coates L, Woods RJ. Defining the Specificity of Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions by Quantifying Functional Group Contributions. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:1889-1901. [PMID: 30086239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein-carbohydrate interactions are significant in a wide range of biological processes, disruption of which has been implicated in many different diseases. The capability of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) to specifically bind to the corresponding glycans allows GBPs to be utilized in glycan biomarker detection or conversely to serve as targets for therapeutic intervention. However, understanding the structural origins of GBP specificity has proven to be challenging due to their typically low binding affinities (mM) and their potential to display broad or complex specificities. Here we perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and post-MD energy analyses with the Poisson-Boltzmann and generalized Born solvent models (MM-PB/GBSA) of the Erythrina cristagalli lectin (ECL) with its known ligands, and with new cocrystal structures reported herein. While each MM-PB/GBSA parametrization resulted in different estimates of the desolvation free energy, general trends emerged that permit us to define GBP binding preferences in terms of ligand substructure specificity. Additionally, we have further decomposed the theoretical interaction energies into contributions made between chemically relevant functional groups. Based on these contributions, the functional groups in each ligand can be assembled into a pharmacophore comprised of groups that are either critical for binding, or enhance binding, or are noninteracting. It is revealed that the pharmacophore for ECL consists of the galactopyranose (Gal) ring atoms along with C6 and the O3 and O4 hydroxyl groups. This approach provides a convenient method for identifying and quantifying the glycan pharmacophore and provides a novel method for interpreting glycan specificity that is independent of residue-level glycan nomenclature. A pharmacophore approach to defining specificity is readily transferable to molecular design software and, therefore, may be particularly useful in designing therapeutics (glycomimetics) that target GBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amika Sood
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Oksana O Gerlits
- Biology and Soft Matter Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Ye Ji
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 117997 , Russian Federation
| | - Leighton Coates
- Neutron Sciences Directorate , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
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Siew JJ, Chern Y. Microglial Lectins in Health and Neurological Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:158. [PMID: 29867350 PMCID: PMC5960708 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the innate sentinels of the central nervous system (CNS) and are responsible for the homeostasis and immune defense of the CNS. Under the influence of the local environment and cell-cell interaction, microglia exhibit a multidimensional and context-dependent phenotypes that can be cytotoxic and neuroprotective. Recent studies suggest that microglia express multitudinous types of lectins, including galectins, Siglecs, mannose-binding lectins (MBLs) and other glycan binding proteins. Because most studies that examine lectins focus on the peripheral system, the functions of lectins have not been critically investigated in the CNS. In addition, the types of brain cells that contribute to the altered levels of lectins present in diseases are often unclear. In this review, we will discuss how galectins, Siglecs, selectins and MBLs contribute to the dynamic functions of microglia. The interacting ligands of these lectins are complex glycoconjugates, which consist of glycoproteins and glycolipids that are expressed on microglia or surrounding cells. The current understanding of the heterogeneity and functions of glycans in the brain is limited. Galectins are a group of pleotropic proteins that recognize both β-galactoside-containing glycans and non- β-galactoside-containing proteins. The function and regulation of galectins have been implicated in immunomodulation, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, phagocytosis and oxidative bursts. Most Siglecs are expressed at a low level on the plasma membrane and bind to sialic acid residues for immunosurveillance and cell-cell communication. Siglecs are classified based on their inhibitory and activatory downstream signaling properties. Inhibitory Siglecs negatively regulate microglia activation upon recognizing the intact sialic acid patterns and vice versa. MBLs are expressed upon infection in cytoplasm and can be secreted in order to recognize molecules containing terminal mannose as an innate immune defense machinery. Most importantly, multiple studies have reported dysregulation of lectins in neurological disorders. Here, we reviewed recent studies on microglial lectins and their functions in CNS health and disease, and suggest that these lectin families are novel, potent therapeutic targets for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jing Siew
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Park J, Willoughby DS, Song JJ, Leutholtz BC, Koh Y. Exercise-induced changes in stress hormones and cell adhesion molecules in obese men. J Inflamm Res 2018. [PMID: 29535548 PMCID: PMC5836718 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s158294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The current study examined the relationship between exercise-induced changes in stress hormones (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol) and vascular inflammatory markers (soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 [sICAM-1], soluble endothelial selectin [sE-selectin], and soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 [sVCAM-1]) in obese men over a 24-hour period following exercise at lower and higher intensity. Patients and methods Fifteen physically inactive, obese, college-aged men performed a single bout of cycling exercise at lower and higher intensities (lower intensity: 50% of maximal heart rate, and higher intensity: 80% of maximal heart rate) in random order. Overnight fasting blood samples were collected at baseline, immediately postexercise (IPE), 1-hour PE (1-h PE), and 24-hour PE. Changes in stress hormones and inflammatory markers were analyzed with a repeated-measures analysis of variance using Bonferroni multiple comparisons and a linear regression analysis (p<0.05). Results sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, epinephrine, and norepinephrine did not change over time, while sE-selectin was significantly lower at 1-h PE (10.25±1.07 ng/mL, p=0.04) than at baseline (12.22±1.39 ng/mL). Cortisol and sICAM-1 were negatively related at 1-h PE following lower-intensity exercise (r2=0.34, p=0.02), whereas cortisol and sVCAM-1 were positively related at IPE following higher-intensity exercise (r2=0.36, p=0.02). Conclusion Regardless of intensity, an acute bout of aerobic exercise may lower sE-selectin in sedentary obese men. Responses of cortisol are dependent on exercise intensity, and cortisol may be a key stress hormone playing a major role in regulating sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyung Park
- Department of Kinesiology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Darryn S Willoughby
- Department of Health, Human Performance, Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Joon Jin Song
- Department of Statistical Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Brian C Leutholtz
- Department of Health, Human Performance, Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Yunsuk Koh
- Department of Health, Human Performance, Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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25
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Woo CM, Felix A, Byrd WE, Zuegel DK, Ishihara M, Azadi P, Iavarone AT, Pitteri SJ, Bertozzi CR. Development of IsoTaG, a Chemical Glycoproteomics Technique for Profiling Intact N- and O-Glycopeptides from Whole Cell Proteomes. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1706-1718. [PMID: 28244757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation can have an enormous variety of biological consequences, reflecting the molecular diversity encoded in glycan structures. This same structural diversity has imposed major challenges on the development of methods to study the intact glycoproteome. We recently introduced a method termed isotope-targeted glycoproteomics (IsoTaG), which utilizes isotope recoding to characterize azidosugar-labeled glycopeptides bearing fully intact glycans. Here, we describe the broad application of the method to analyze glycoproteomes from a collection of tissue-diverse cell lines. The effort was enabled by a new high-fidelity pattern-searching and glycopeptide validation algorithm termed IsoStamp v2.0, as well as by novel stable isotope probes. Application of the IsoTaG platform to 15 cell lines metabolically labeled with Ac4GalNAz or Ac4ManNAz revealed 1375 N- and 2159 O-glycopeptides, variously modified with 74 discrete glycan structures. Glycopeptide-bound glycans observed by IsoTaG were found to be comparable to released N-glycans identified by permethylation analysis. IsoTaG is therefore positioned to enhance structural understanding of the glycoproteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Woo
- Department of Chemistry; §School of Engineering; #Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine; ∇Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.,School of Computing, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.,QB3Mass Spectrometry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alejandra Felix
- Department of Chemistry; §School of Engineering; #Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine; ∇Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.,School of Computing, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.,QB3Mass Spectrometry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - William E Byrd
- Department of Chemistry; §School of Engineering; #Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine; ∇Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.,School of Computing, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.,QB3Mass Spectrometry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Devon K Zuegel
- Department of Chemistry; §School of Engineering; #Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine; ∇Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.,School of Computing, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.,QB3Mass Spectrometry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mayumi Ishihara
- Department of Chemistry; §School of Engineering; #Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine; ∇Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.,School of Computing, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.,QB3Mass Spectrometry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Department of Chemistry; §School of Engineering; #Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine; ∇Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.,School of Computing, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.,QB3Mass Spectrometry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Anthony T Iavarone
- Department of Chemistry; §School of Engineering; #Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine; ∇Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.,School of Computing, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.,QB3Mass Spectrometry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Department of Chemistry; §School of Engineering; #Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine; ∇Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.,School of Computing, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.,QB3Mass Spectrometry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry; §School of Engineering; #Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine; ∇Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.,School of Computing, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.,QB3Mass Spectrometry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Quantitation of human milk proteins and their glycoforms using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:589-606. [PMID: 27796459 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human milk plays a substantial role in the child growth, development and determines their nutritional and health status. Despite the importance of the proteins and glycoproteins in human milk, very little quantitative information especially on their site-specific glycosylation is known. As more functions of milk proteins and other components continue to emerge, their fine-detailed quantitative information is becoming a key factor in milk research efforts. The present work utilizes a sensitive label-free MRM method to quantify seven milk proteins (α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, secretory immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, α1-antitrypsin, and lysozyme) using their unique peptides while at the same time, quantifying their site-specific N-glycosylation relative to the protein abundance. The method is highly reproducible, has low limit of quantitation, and accounts for differences in glycosylation due to variations in protein amounts. The method described here expands our knowledge about human milk proteins and provides vital details that could be used in monitoring the health of the infant and even the mother. Graphical Abstract The glycopeptides EICs generated from QQQ.
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27
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Mason JC, Haskard DO. The Clinical Importance of Leucocyte and Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules in Inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1358863x9400500306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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28
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GUPTA VK. BROWNIAN DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF CATCH TO SLIP TRANSITION OVER A MODEL ENERGY LANDSCAPE. J BIOL SYST 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218339016500145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We perform Brownian dynamics simulation (BDS) of catch to slip transition over a model energy landscape. Through our BDS we demonstrate that for forces below the critical force the bond rupture occurs mostly through the catch pathway while for forces above the critical force the bond rupture occurs mostly through the slip pathway. We also demonstrate that the shoulder in the bond rupture force distribution switches to peak as the loading rate increases progressively and the bond lifetime is maximized at the model dependent critical force. The force dependent bond lifetime obtained via transforming the bond rupture force distribution at a given loading rate is in excellent agreement with that obtained from our BDS at constant forces. An alternative to the current mechanism of catch to slip transition is presented and validated through BDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. K. GUPTA
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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29
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Ebel ME, Kansas GS. Functions of Smad Transcription Factors in TGF-β1-Induced Selectin Ligand Expression on Murine CD4 Th Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2627-34. [PMID: 27543612 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Selectins are carbohydrate-binding adhesion molecules that control leukocyte traffic. Induction of selectin ligands on T cells is controlled primarily by cytokines, including TGF-β1, and requires p38α MAPK, but transcriptional mechanisms that underlie cytokine-driven selectin ligand expression are poorly understood. In this study, we show, using mice with conditional deletions of the TGF-β1-responsive transcription factors Smad2, Smad3, or Smad4, that induction of selectin ligands on CD4 cells in response to TGF-β1 requires Smad4 plus either Smad2 or Smad3. Analysis of CD4 cells from mice with only one functional Smad4 allele revealed a sharp gene dosage effect, suggesting the existence of a threshold of TGF-β1 signal strength required for selectin ligand induction. Both Smad4 plus either Smad2 or Smad3 were selectively required for induction of Fut7 and Gcnt1, glycosyltransferases critical for selectin ligand biosynthesis, but they were not required for St3gal4 or St3gal6 induction. Smad4 plus either Smad2 or Smad3 were also required for induction of Runx transcription factors by TGF-β1. Enforced expression of Runx2, but not Runx1 or Runx3, in Smad2/Smad3 doubly deficient CD4 cells restored selectin ligand expression to wild-type levels. In contrast, enforced expression of Runx1, Runx2, or Runx3 failed to restore differentiation of TGF-β1-dependent Th cell lineages, including Th17, Th9, and induced regulatory T cells. These results show that Smads are directly required for Th cell differentiation independent of Runx induction but only indirectly required via Runx2 for TGF-β1-induced selectin ligand induction on murine CD4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Ebel
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Geoffrey S Kansas
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
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30
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Mechanisms of disease: The human N-glycome. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1574-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
Since the early 1980s, the combination of cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone has been the mainstay tripledrug immunosuppressive regimen used in transplantation. However, advances in drug research, design, and development have allowed for the introduction of new agents that have greatly increased the number of immunosuppressive agents available for use in transplant recipients. Particularly, the newer antiproliferative immunosuppressive drugs (agents that directly inhibit the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes) have had an important impact on patient outcomes posttransplant. These agents are mycophenolate mofetil and sirolimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore M. Sievers
- Transplant Pharmacokinetic Laboratory, Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, 10833 LeConte Avenue, Room 77-120, Los Angeles, CA 90025
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32
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Gandra JR, Barletta RV, Mingoti RD, Verdurico LC, Freitas JE, Oliveira LJ, Takiya CS, Kfoury JR, Wiltbank MC, Renno FP. Effects of whole flaxseed, raw soybeans, and calcium salts of fatty acids on measures of cellular immune function of transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4590-4606. [PMID: 27060809 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental n-3 and n-6 fatty acid (FA) sources on cellular immune function of transition dairy cows. Animals were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 4 diets: control (n=11); whole flaxseed (n-3 FA source; n=11), 60 and 80g/kg of whole flaxseed [diet dry matter (DM) basis] during pre- and postpartum, respectively; whole raw soybeans (n-6 FA source; n=10), 120 and 160g/kg of whole raw soybeans (diet DM basis) during pre- and postpartum, respectively; and calcium salts of unsaturated FA (Megalac-E, n-6 FA source; n=10), 24 and 32g/kg of calcium salts of unsaturated FA (diet DM basis) during pre- and postpartum, respectively. Supplemental FA did not alter DM intake and milk yield but increased energy balance during the postpartum period. Diets containing n-3 and n-6 FA sources increased phagocytosis capacity of leukocytes and monocytes and phagocytosis activity of monocytes. Furthermore, n-3 FA source increased phagocytic capacity of leukocytes and neutrophils and increased phagocytic activity in monocytes and neutrophils when compared with n-6 FA sources. Supplemental FA effects on adaptive immune system included increased percentage of T-helper cells, T-cytotoxic cells, cells that expressed IL-2 receptors, and CD62 adhesion molecules. The results of this study suggest that unsaturated FA can modulate innate and adaptive cellular immunity and trigger a proinflammatory response. The n-3 FA seems to have a greater effect on phagocytic capacity and activity of leukocytes when compared with n-6 FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Gandra
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, 13635-900, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - R V Barletta
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706, Brazil
| | - R D Mingoti
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, 13635-900, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - L C Verdurico
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, 13635-900, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - J E Freitas
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, 13635-900, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - L J Oliveira
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 110910, Brazil
| | - C S Takiya
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, 13635-900, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - J R Kfoury
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C Wiltbank
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706, Brazil
| | - F P Renno
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, 13635-900, Pirassununga, Brazil; Bursar 1-C of National Council for Technological, 71605-001, Brasilia, Brazil.
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Liu ZJ, Daftarian P, Kovalski L, Wang B, Tian R, Castilla DM, Dikici E, Perez VL, Deo S, Daunert S, Velazquez OC. Directing and Potentiating Stem Cell-Mediated Angiogenesis and Tissue Repair by Cell Surface E-Selectin Coating. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154053. [PMID: 27104647 PMCID: PMC4841581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach for treatment of a number of diseases, including delayed and non-healing wounds. However, targeted systemic delivery of therapeutic cells to the dysfunctional tissues remains one formidable challenge. Herein, we present a targeted nanocarrier-mediated cell delivery method by coating the surface of the cell to be delivered with dendrimer nanocarriers modified with adhesion molecules. Infused nanocarrier-coated cells reach to destination via recognition and association with the counterpart adhesion molecules highly or selectively expressed on the activated endothelium in diseased tissues. Once anchored on the activated endothelium, nanocarriers-coated transporting cells undergo transendothelial migration, extravasation and homing to the targeted tissues to execute their therapeutic role. We now demonstrate feasibility, efficacy and safety of our targeted nanocarrier for delivery of bone marrow cells (BMC) to cutaneous wound tissues and grafted corneas and its advantages over conventional BMC transplantation in mouse models for wound healing and neovascularization. This versatile platform is suited for targeted systemic delivery of virtually any type of therapeutic cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Jun Liu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Pirouz Daftarian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33136, United States of America
- Dr. JT Macdonald Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Letícia Kovalski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Runxia Tian
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Diego M. Castilla
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Emre Dikici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Victor L. Perez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Sapna Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33136, United States of America
- Dr. JT Macdonald Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33136, United States of America
- Dr. JT Macdonald Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33136, United States of America
- * E-mail: (OV); (SD)
| | - Omaida C. Velazquez
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33136, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33136, United States of America
- * E-mail: (OV); (SD)
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Vojta A, Samaržija I, Bočkor L, Zoldoš V. Glyco-genes change expression in cancer through aberrant methylation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1776-85. [PMID: 26794090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most eukaryotic proteins are modified by covalent addition of glycan molecules that considerably influence their function. Aberrant glycosylation is profoundly involved in malignant transformation, tumor progression and metastasis. Some glycan structures are tumor-specific and reflect disturbed glycan biosynthesis pathways. METHODS We analyzed DNA methylation and expression of 86 glyco-genes in melanoma, hepatocellular, breast and cervical cancers using data from publicly available databases. We also analyzed methylation datasets without the available matching expression data for glyco-genes in lung cancer, and progression of melanoma into lymph node and brain metastases. RESULTS Ten glyco-genes (GALNT3, GALNT6, GALNT7, GALNT14, MGAT3, MAN1A1, MAN1C1, ST3GAL2, ST6GAL1, ST8SIA3) showing changes in both methylation and expression in the same type of cancer belong to GalNAc transferases, GlcNAc transferases, mannosidases and sialyltransferases, which is in line with changes in glycan structures already reported in the same type of tumors. Some of those genes were additionally identified as potentially valuable for disease prognosis. The MGAT5B gene, so far identified as specifically expressed in brain, emerged as a novel candidate gene that is epigenetically dysregulated in different cancers other than brain cancer. We also report for the first time aberrant expression of the GALNT and MAN genes in cancer by aberrant promoter methylation. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant expression of glyco-genes due to aberrant promoter methylation could be a way leading to characteristic glycosylation profiles commonly described in cancer. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Methylation status in promoters of candidate glyco-genes might serve as prognostic markers for specific tumors and point to potential novel targets for epigenetic drugs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Vojta
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Samaržija
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Bočkor
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Zoldoš
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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35
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Elshabrawy HA, Chen Z, Volin MV, Ravella S, Virupannavar S, Shahrara S. The pathogenic role of angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis. Angiogenesis 2015; 18:433-48. [PMID: 26198292 PMCID: PMC4879881 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-015-9477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the formation of new capillaries from pre-existing vasculature, which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthropathies, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and atherosclerosis. In RA, excessive migration of circulating leukocytes into the inflamed joint necessitates formation of new blood vessels to provide nutrients and oxygen to the hypertrophic joint. The dominance of the pro-angiogenic factors over the endogenous angiostatic mediators triggers angiogenesis. In this review article, we highlight the underlying mechanisms by which cells present in the RA synovial tissue are modulated to secrete pro-angiogenic factors. We focus on the significance of pro-angiogenic factors such as growth factors, hypoxia-inducible factors, cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and adhesion molecules on RA pathogenesis. As pro-angiogenic factors are primarily produced from RA synovial tissue macrophages and fibroblasts, we emphasize the key role of RA synovial tissue lining layer in maintaining synovitis through neovascularization. Lastly, we summarize the specific approaches utilized to target angiogenesis. We conclude that the formation of new blood vessels plays an indispensable role in RA progression. However, since the function of several pro-angiogenic mediators is cross regulated, discovering novel approaches to target multiple cascades or selecting an upstream cascade that impairs the activity of a number of pro-angiogenic factors may provide a promising strategy for RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem A Elshabrawy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, MSB 835 S Wolcott Ave., E807-E809, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Zhenlong Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, MSB 835 S Wolcott Ave., E807-E809, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Michael V Volin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Shalini Ravella
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, MSB 835 S Wolcott Ave., E807-E809, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shanti Virupannavar
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, MSB 835 S Wolcott Ave., E807-E809, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shiva Shahrara
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, MSB 835 S Wolcott Ave., E807-E809, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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36
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Process of hepatic metastasis from pancreatic cancer: biology with clinical significance. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:1137-61. [PMID: 26250876 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer shows a remarkable preference for the liver to establish secondary tumors. Selective metastasis to the liver is attributed to the development of potential microenvironment for the survival of pancreatic cancer cells. This review aims to provide a full understanding of the hepatic metastatic process from circulating pancreatic cancer cells to their settlement in the liver, serving as a basic theory for efficient prediction and treatment of metastatic diseases. METHODS A systematic search of relevant original articles and reviews was performed on PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library for the purpose of this review. RESULTS Three interrelated phases are delineated as the contributions of the interaction between pancreatic cancer cells and the liver to hepatic metastasis process. Chemotaxis of disseminated pancreatic cancer cells and simultaneous defensive formation of platelets or neutrophils facilitate specific metastasis toward the liver. Remodeling of extracellular matrix and stromal cells in hepatic lobules and angiogenesis induced by proangiogenic factors support the survival and growth of clinical micrometastasis colonizing the liver. The bimodal role of the immune system or prevalence of cancer cells over the immune system makes metastatic progression successfully proceed from micrometastasis to macrometastasis. CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic cancer is an appropriate research object of cancer metastasis representing more than a straight cascade. If any of the successive or simultaneous phases, especially tumor-induced immunosuppression, is totally disrupted, hepatic metastasis will be temporarily under control or even cancelled forever. To shrink cancers on multiple fronts and prolong survival for patients, novel oral or intravenous anti-cancer agents covering one or different phases of metastatic pancreatic cancer are expected to be integrated into innovative strategies on the premise of safety and efficacious biostability.
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Bai R, Kusama K, Sakurai T, Bai H, Wang C, Zhang J, Kuse M, Ideta A, Aoyagi Y, Okuda K, Imakawa K. The Role of Endometrial Selectins and Their Ligands on Bovine Conceptus Attachment to the Uterine Epithelium During Peri-Implantation Period1. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:46. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.128652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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38
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Chitgupi U, Zhang Y, Lo CY, Shao S, Song W, Geng J, Neelamegham S, Lovell JF. Sulfonated Polyethylenimine for Photosensitizer Conjugation and Targeting. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1633-9. [PMID: 26057017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polysulfonated macromolecules are known to bind selectins, adhesion membrane proteins which are broadly implicated in inflammation. Commercially available branched polyethylenimine (PEI) was reacted with chlorosulfonic acid to generate sulfonated PEI with varying degrees of sulfonation. Remaining unreacted amine groups were then used for straightforward conjugation with pyropheophoribide-a, a near-infrared photosensitizer. Photosensitizer-labeled sulfonated PEI conjugates inhibited blood coagulation and were demonstrated to specifically bind to cells genetically programmed to overexpress L-selectin (CD62L) or P-selectin (CD62P). In vitro, following targeting, selectin-expressing cells could be destroyed via photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Chitgupi
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Yumiao Zhang
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Chi Y Lo
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Shuai Shao
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Wentao Song
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jumin Geng
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Sriram Neelamegham
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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39
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Fernandes CL, Ligabue-Braun R, Verli H. Structural glycobiology of human α1-acid glycoprotein and its implications for pharmacokinetics and inflammation. Glycobiology 2015; 25:1125-33. [PMID: 26088564 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is an abundant human plasma glycoprotein that may be N-glycosylated at five positions. AGP plays important roles on pharmacokinetics and can rise up to 5-fold in inflammatory events. In such events, the glycan chains attached to Asn54, Asn75 and Asn85 may become fucosylated, originating a sialyl-Lewis X epitope. This epitope, in turn, can bind selectin proteins. Such interplay is important for immunomodulation. While the X-ray structure of unglycosylated AGP has been reported, the absence of the glycan chains hampered the further insights into its structural biology and, ultimately, into its biological function. Thus, the current work intends to contribute in the characterization of the structural glycobiology and function of AGP by building a structural model of its fully glycosylated form, taking into account the different glycoforms that are found in vivo. The obtained data points to the absence of a major influence of glycosylation on AGP's secondary structure, in agreement with crystallography observations. However, the glycan chains seem able to interfere with the protein dynamics, mainly at the AGP-ligand-binding site, indicating a possible role in its complexation to drugs and other bioactive compounds. By examining the influence of fucosylation on AGP structure and binding to selectins, it is proposed that the latter may bind to glycan chains linked to Asn54 and Asn75, and that this binding may involve other glycans, such as the one attached to Asn15. These results point to an increased participation of carbohydrates on the observed AGP roles in pharmacokinetics and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia L Fernandes
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av Bento Gonçalves 9500, CP 15005, Porto Alegre, RS 91500-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av Bento Gonçalves 9500, CP 15005, Porto Alegre, RS 91500-970, Brazil
| | - Hugo Verli
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av Bento Gonçalves 9500, CP 15005, Porto Alegre, RS 91500-970, Brazil
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Yu M, Wu X, Lin B, Han J, Yang L, Han S. Lysosomal pH Decrease in Inflammatory Cells Used To Enable Activatable Imaging of Inflammation with a Sialic Acid Conjugated Profluorophore. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6688-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Yu
- Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key
Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and Innovation
Center for Cell Signaling Network, and ‡State Key Laboratory of Cellular
Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School
of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xuanjun Wu
- Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key
Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and Innovation
Center for Cell Signaling Network, and ‡State Key Laboratory of Cellular
Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School
of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Bijuan Lin
- Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key
Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and Innovation
Center for Cell Signaling Network, and ‡State Key Laboratory of Cellular
Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School
of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jiahuai Han
- Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key
Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and Innovation
Center for Cell Signaling Network, and ‡State Key Laboratory of Cellular
Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School
of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key
Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and Innovation
Center for Cell Signaling Network, and ‡State Key Laboratory of Cellular
Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School
of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shoufa Han
- Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key
Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and Innovation
Center for Cell Signaling Network, and ‡State Key Laboratory of Cellular
Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School
of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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41
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Gupta VK. Effects of cellular viscoelasticity in lifetime extraction of single receptor-ligand bonds. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:062701. [PMID: 26172730 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.062701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule force spectroscopy is widely used to determine kinetic parameters of dissociation by analyzing bond rupture data obtained via applying mechanical force to cells, capsules, and beads that are attached to an intermolecular bond. The bond rupture data are obtained in experiments either at a constant force or at a constant loading rate. We explore the effect of cellular viscoelasticity in constant-force experiments. Specifically, we perform Monte Carlo simulations of bond rupture at a given constant force to obtain the bond lifetime as a function of force in the absence and in the presence of bond force modulation due to cellular viscoelasticity, to explore its effect on the bond lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Gupta
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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42
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Sato H, Terasaki N, Sakairi T, Tanaka M, Takahashi K. Gene expression profiling in the lungs of phenylhydrazine-treated rats: the contribution of pro-inflammatory response and endothelial dysfunction to acute thrombosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:205-10. [PMID: 25579645 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary thrombosis is a life-threatening disorder caused by various risk factors. We previously reported that phenylhydrazine (PHZ) induces acute thrombosis in the rat lung, with regional stasis in the alveolar capillaries as a trigger, and subsequent hemostatic disruption is involved as an accelerator in the pathogenesis of this condition. In this study, we examined the other possible pathogenesis, particularly endothelial dysfunction in the lungs of PHZ-treated rats using gene expression profiling. Male Sprague Dawley rats were administered PHZ at a dose of 40mg/kg/day daily for up to 3 days (n=4). At 24h after the last administration (i.e. on days 1, 2 or 3), animals were euthanized and lung tissues were subjected to histopathological and microarray analyses. In the alveolar capillaries in PHZ-treated rats, slight congestion was observed on day 1, which was exacerbated with repeated administration, and multifocal thrombi were formed on day 3. A change in the level of expression of thrombosis-related genes in the vascular endothelial cell was mainly observed on day 3; anticoagulant factors such as tissue factor pathway inhibitor (lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor) and thrombomodulin were down-regulated; coagulant factors such as coagulation factor III (thromboplastin, tissue factor) and adhesion molecules such as selectin E were up-regulated. The gene ontology categories most significantly affected by PHZ were inflammation/immune response (from days 1 to 3) and blood coagulation and hemostasis (days 2 and 3). These findings suggest that PHZ caused dysfunction of endothelial cells, which resulted in a hypercoagulable state and it would act as one of the contributors of acute pulmonary thrombosis. In addition, the pro-inflammatory condition observed at the early stage of treatment was considered to play an important part in the development of thrombosis due to endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Sato
- Safety Research Laboratories, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1-1-1, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
| | - Natsuko Terasaki
- Safety Research Laboratories, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1-1-1, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sakairi
- Safety Research Laboratories, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1-1-1, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Masaharu Tanaka
- Safety Research Laboratories, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1-1-1, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Kimimasa Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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43
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High-Throughput Synthesis of Diverse Compound Collections for Lead Discovery and Optimization. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 232:73-89. [PMID: 26330259 DOI: 10.1007/164_2015_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule intervention of protein function is one central dogma of drug discovery. The generation of small-molecule libraries fuels the discovery pipeline at many stages and thereby resembles a key aspect of this endeavor. High-throughput synthesis is a major source for compound libraries utilized in academia and industry, seeking new chemical modulators of pharmacological targets. Here, we discuss the crucial factors of library design strategies from the perspective of synthetic chemistry, giving a brief historic background and a summary of current approaches. Simple measures of success of a high-throughput synthesis such as quantity or diversity have long been discarded and replaced by more integrated measures. Case studies are presented and put into context to highlight the cross-connectivity of the various stages of the drug discovery process.
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44
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The cholesterol-dependent cytolysins pneumolysin and streptolysin O require binding to red blood cell glycans for hemolytic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E5312-20. [PMID: 25422425 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1412703111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) pneumolysin (Ply) is a key virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Membrane cholesterol is required for the cytolytic activity of this toxin, but it is not clear whether cholesterol is the only cellular receptor. Analysis of Ply binding to a glycan microarray revealed that Ply has lectin activity and binds glycans, including the Lewis histo-blood group antigens. Surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that Ply has the highest affinity for the sialyl LewisX (sLeX) structure, with a K(d) of 1.88 × 10(-5) M. Ply hemolytic activity against human RBCs showed dose-dependent inhibition by sLeX. Flow cytometric analysis and Western blots showed that blocking binding of Ply to the sLeX glycolipid on RBCs prevents deposition of the toxin in the membrane. The lectin domain responsible for sLeX binding is in domain 4 of Ply, which contains candidate carbohydrate-binding sites. Mutagenesis of these predicted carbohydrate-binding residues of Ply resulted in a decrease in hemolytic activity and a reduced affinity for sLeX. This study reveals that this archetypal CDC requires interaction with the sLeX glycolipid cellular receptor as an essential step before membrane insertion. A similar analysis conducted on streptolysin O from Streptococcus pyogenes revealed that this CDC also has glycan-binding properties and that hemolytic activity against RBCs can be blocked with the glycan lacto-N-neotetraose by inhibiting binding to the cell surface. Together, these data support the emerging paradigm shift that pore-forming toxins, including CDCs, have cellular receptors other than cholesterol that define target cell tropism.
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45
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Benzophenone-based photochemical micropatterning of biomolecules to create model substrates and instructive biomaterials. Methods Cell Biol 2014; 121:231-42. [PMID: 24560513 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800281-0.00015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and heterogeneous environment that controls many aspects of cell behavior. Not surprisingly, many different approaches have focused on creating model substrates that recapitulate the biomolecular, topographical, and mechanical properties of the ECM for in vitro studies of cell behavior. This chapter details a general, versatile method for the spatially controlled deposition of multiple biomolecules onto both planar and topographically complex support structures with micrometer resolution. This approach is based upon the well-understood photochemical UV crosslinking of benzophenone (BP) to solution-phase biomolecules. This is a molecularly general strategy that can be utilized to immobilize biomolecules onto any surface prefunctionalized with BP. Examples described herein include modification of planar and corrugated glass substrates as well as collagen-glycosaminoglycan biomaterials configured either as highly porous scaffolds or nonporous membranes with a variety of biomolecular targets, including proteins, glycoproteins, and carbohydrates.
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46
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Gupta VK. Effects of cellular viscoelasticity in multiple-bond force spectroscopy. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2014; 14:615-32. [PMID: 25326875 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-014-0626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-ligand bonds are often subjected to forces that regulate their detachment via modulating off-rates. Though the dynamics of detachment is primarily controlled by the physical chemistry of adhesion molecules cellular features such as cell deformability and microvillus viscoelasticity have been shown to have an effect on it as well. In this work, Monte Carlo simulation of the rupture of multiple receptor-ligand bonds between substrate and a polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) cell suspended in a Newtonian fluid is performed. It is demonstrated via various micromechanical models of the PMN cell adhered to the substrate by multiple receptor-ligand bonds that viscous drag caused by relative motion of cell suspended in a Newtonian fluid and cellular viscoelasticity modulate transmission of an applied external load to receptor-ligand bonds. It is demonstrated that due to cellular viscoelasticity the instantaneous intermolecular bond force is lower than the instantaneous applied force. It is also demonstrated that due to cellular viscoelasticity, the mean intermolecular bond rupture forces are lowered while the mean bond lifetime increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA,
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47
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Chen X, Ramström O, Yan M. Glyconanomaterials: Emerging applications in biomedical research. NANO RESEARCH 2014; 7:1381-1403. [PMID: 26500721 PMCID: PMC4617207 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-014-0507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates constitute the most abundant organic matter in nature, serving as structural components and energy sources, and mediating a wide range of cellular activities. The emergence of nanomaterials with distinct optical, magnetic, and electronic properties has witnessed a rapid adoption of these materials for biomedical research and applications. Nanomaterials of various shapes and sizes having large specific surface areas can be used as multivalent scaffolds to present carbohydrate ligands. The resulting glyconanomaterials effectively amplify the glycan-mediated interactions, making it possible to use these materials for sensing, imaging, diagnosis, and therapy. In this review, we summarize the synthetic strategies for the preparation of various glyconanomaterials. Examples are given where these glyconanomaterials have been used in sensing and differentiation of proteins and cells, as well as in imaging glycan-medicated cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm S-10044, Sweden
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
- Department of Chemistry, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm S-10044, Sweden
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Theodoratou E, Campbell H, Ventham NT, Kolarich D, Pučić-Baković M, Zoldoš V, Fernandes D, Pemberton IK, Rudan I, Kennedy NA, Wuhrer M, Nimmo E, Annese V, McGovern DPB, Satsangi J, Lauc G. The role of glycosylation in IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 11:588-600. [PMID: 24912389 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2014.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A number of genetic and immunological studies give impetus for investigating the role of glycosylation in IBD. Experimental mouse models have helped to delineate the role of glycosylation in intestinal mucins and to explore the putative pathogenic role of glycosylation in colitis. These experiments have been extended to human studies investigating the glycosylation patterns of intestinal mucins as well as levels of glycans of serum glycoproteins and expression of glycan receptors. These early human studies have generated interesting hypotheses regarding the pathogenic role of glycans in IBD, but have generally been restricted to fairly small underpowered studies. Decreased glycosylation has been observed in the intestinal mucus of patients with IBD, suggesting that a defective inner mucus layer might lead to increased bacterial contact with the epithelium, potentially triggering inflammation. In sera, decreased galactosylation of IgG has been suggested as a diagnostic marker for IBD. Advances in glycoprofiling technology make it technically feasible and affordable to perform high-throughput glycan pattern analyses and to build on previous work investigating a much wider range of glycan parameters in large numbers of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas T Ventham
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Vlatka Zoldoš
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Iain K Pemberton
- IP Research Consulting SAS, 34 Rue Carnot, 93160 Noisy-le-Grand, Paris, France
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas A Kennedy
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Elaine Nimmo
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vito Annese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Division of Gastroenterology, AOU Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 13, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F.Widjaja Family Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Suite D4063, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Trg maršala Tita 14, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Increased circulating PEDF and low sICAM-1 are associated with sickle cell retinopathy. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2014; 54:33-7. [PMID: 25172543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell retinopathy (SCR) develops in up to 30% of sickle cell disease patients (SCD) during the second decade of life. Treatment for this affection remains palliative, so studies on its pathophysiology may contribute to the future development of novel therapies. SCR is more frequently observed in hemoglobin SC disease and derives from vaso-occlusion in the microvasculature of the retina leading to neovascularization and, eventually, to blindness. Circulating inflammatory cytokines, angiogenic factors, and their interaction may contribute to the pathophysiology of this complication. Angiopoietin (Ang)-1, Ang-2, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, E-selectin, P-selectin, IL1-β, TNF-α, pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) and vascular endothelial growth factor plasmatic levels were determined in 37 SCD patients with retinopathy, 34 without retinopathy, and healthy controls. We observed that sICAM-1 is significantly decreased, whereas PEDF is elevated in HbSC patients with retinopathy (P=0.012 and P=0.031, respectively). Ang-1, Ang-2 and IL1-β levels were elevated in SCD patients (P=0.001, P<0.001 and P=0.001, respectively), compared to controls, and HbSS patients presented higher levels of Ang-2 compared to HbSC (P<0.001). Our study supports the possible influence of sICAM-1 and PEDF on the pathophysiology of retinal neovascularization in SCD patients.
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Wang B, Sun S, Liu Z. Analysis of dysregulation of immune system in pancreatic cancer based on gene expression profile. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4361-7. [PMID: 24619357 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the dysregulated expression of the immune system in pancreatic cancer and clarify the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. The Dataset GSE15471 was downloaded from GEO database, Student's t test was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the pancreatic cancer group and the normal control group. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) provides functional annotation was employed to explore the significant DEGs involved in biological functions. We got 988 significantly DEGs, including 832 up-regulated genes and 156 down-regulated genes. The ratio of up-regulated genes and down-regulated genes was 5.3. Total 13 biological pathways which were significant enriched with DEGs by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, we constructed a overall network of the immune system in pancreatic cancer with these biological pathways information. Our study reveals that dysregulated pathways in pancreatic cancer associated with the immune system. Besides, we also identify some important molecular biomarkers of the pancreatic cancer, including CXCR4 and CD4. Dysfunctional pathways and important molecular biomarkers of pancreatic cancer will provide useful information for potential treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China,
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