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Prasad RR, Mishra N, Kant R, Fox JT, Shoemaker RH, Agarwal C, Raina K, Agarwal R. Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin and naproxen) on inflammation-associated proteomic profiles in mouse plasma and prostate during TMPRSS2-ERG (fusion)-driven prostate carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:1188-1204. [PMID: 38506376 PMCID: PMC11096027 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Recent preclinical studies have shown that the intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) aspirin and naproxen could be an effective intervention strategy against TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-driven prostate tumorigenesis. Herein, as a follow-up mechanistic study, employing TMPRSS2-ERG (fusion) positive tumors and plasma from TMPRSS2-ERG. Ptenflox/flox mice, we profiled the stage specific proteomic changes (focused on inflammatory circulating and prostate tissue/tumor-specific cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors/growth signaling-associated molecules) that contribute to prostate cancer (PCa) growth and progression in the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-driven mouse model of tumorigenesis. In addition, the association of the protective effects of NSAIDs (aspirin 1400 ppm and naproxen 400 ppm) with the modulation of these specific molecular pathways was determined. A sandwich Elisa based membrane array-proteome profiler identifying 111 distinct signaling molecules was employed. Overall, the plasma and prostate tissue sample analyses identified 54 significant and differentially expressed cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors/growth signaling-associated molecules between PCa afflicted mice (TMPRSS2-ERG. Ptenflox/flox, age-matched noncancerous controls, NSAIDs-supplemented and no-drug controls). Bioinformatic analysis of the array outcomes indicated that the protective effect of NSAIDs was associated with reduced expression of (a) tumor promoting inflammatory molecules (M-CSF, IL-33, CCL22, CCL12, CX3CL1, CHI3L1, and CD93), (b) growth factors- growth signaling-associated molecules (Chemerin, FGF acidic, Flt-3 ligand, IGFBP-5, and PEDF), and (c) tumor microenvironment/stromal remodeling proteins MMP2 and MMP9. Overall, our findings corroborate the pathological findings that protective effects of NSAIDs in TMPSS2-ERG fusion-driven prostate tumorigenesis are associated with antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects and possible modulation of the immune cell enriched microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Raj Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Neha Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Rama Kant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jennifer T. Fox
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Robert H. Shoemaker
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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Jia J, Zhu L, Yue X, Tang S, Jing S, Tan C, Du Y, Gao J, Lee I, Qian Y. Crosstalk between KDEL receptor and EGF receptor mediates cell proliferation and migration via STAT3 signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:140. [PMID: 38378560 PMCID: PMC10880305 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hostile microenvironment of cancer cells provoke a stressful condition for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and stimulate the expression and secretion of ER chaperones, leading to tumorigenic effects. However, the molecular mechanism underlying these effects is largely unknown. In this study, we reveal that the last four residues of ER chaperones, which are recognized by KDEL receptor (KDELR), is required for cell proliferation and migration induced by secreted chaperones. By combining proximity-based mass spectrometry analysis, split venus imaging and membrane yeast two hybrid assay, we present that EGF receptor (EGFR) may be a co-receptor for KDELR on the surface. Prior to ligand addition, KDELR spontaneously oligomerizes and constantly undergoes recycling near the plasma membrane. Upon KDEL ligand binding, the interactions of KDELR with itself and with EGFR increase rapidly, leading to augmented internalization of KDELR and tyrosine phosphorylation in the C-terminus of EGFR. STAT3, which binds the phosphorylated tyrosine motif on EGFR, is subsequently activated by EGFR and mediates cell growth and migration. Taken together, our results suggest that KDELR serves as a bona fide cell surface receptor for secreted ER chaperones and transactivates EGFR-STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jia
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianhui Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Xihua Yue
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuocheng Tang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaiyang Jing
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
- Present address: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanting Tan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulei Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingkai Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Intaek Lee
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Qian
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China.
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Sinha S, Farfel A, Luker KE, Parker BA, Yeung KT, Luker GD, Ghosh P. Growth signaling autonomy in circulating tumor cells aids metastatic seeding. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae014. [PMID: 38312224 PMCID: PMC10833458 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Self-sufficiency (autonomy) in growth signaling, the earliest recognized hallmark of cancer, is fueled by the tumor cell's ability to "secrete-and-sense" growth factors (GFs); this translates into cell survival and proliferation that is self-sustained by autocrine/paracrine secretion. A Golgi-localized circuitry comprised of two GTPase switches has recently been implicated in the orchestration of growth signaling autonomy. Using breast cancer cells that are either endowed or impaired (by gene editing) in their ability to assemble the circuitry for growth signaling autonomy, here we define the transcriptome, proteome, and phenome of such an autonomous state, and unravel its role during cancer progression. We show that autonomy is associated with enhanced molecular programs for stemness, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. Autonomy is both necessary and sufficient for anchorage-independent GF-restricted proliferation and resistance to anticancer drugs and is required for metastatic progression. Transcriptomic and proteomic studies show that autonomy is associated, with a surprising degree of specificity, with self-sustained epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ErbB signaling. Derivation of a gene expression signature for autonomy revealed that growth signaling autonomy is uniquely induced in circulating tumor cells (CTCs), the harshest phase in the life of tumor cells when it is deprived of biologically available epidermal growth factor (EGF). We also show that autonomy in CTCs tracks therapeutic response and prognosticates outcome. These data support a role for growth signaling autonomy in multiple processes essential for the blood-borne dissemination of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Sinha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alex Farfel
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Kathryn E Luker
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Barbara A Parker
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kay T Yeung
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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Bou Malhab LJ, Nair VA, Qaisar R, Pintus G, Abdel-Rahman WM. Towards Understanding the Development of Breast Cancer: The Role of RhoJ in the Obesity Microenvironment. Cells 2024; 13:174. [PMID: 38247865 PMCID: PMC10814036 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing pandemic with an increasing risk of inducing different cancer types, including breast cancer. Adipose tissue is proposed to be a major player in the initiation and progression of breast cancer in obese people. However, the mechanistic link between adipogenicity and tumorigenicity in breast tissues is poorly understood. We used in vitro and in vivo approaches to investigate the mechanistic relationship between obesity and the onset and progression of breast cancer. In obesity, adipose tissue expansion and remodeling are associated with increased inflammatory mediator's release and anti-inflammatory mediators' reduction.. In order to mimic the obesity micro-environment, we cultured cells in an enriched pro-inflammatory cytokine medium to which we added a low concentration of beneficial adipokines. Epithelial cells exposed to the obesity micro-environment were phenotypically transformed into mesenchymal-like cells, characterized by an increase in different mesenchymal markers and the acquisition of the major hallmarks of cancerous cells; these include sustained DNA damage, the activation of the ATR-Chk2 pathway, an increase in proliferation rate, cell invasion, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that several genes, including RhoJ, CCL7, and MMP9, acted as potential major players in the observed phenomenon. The transcriptomics findings were confirmed in vitro using qRT-PCR and in vivo using high-fat-diet-fed mice. Our data suggests RhoJ as a potential novel molecular driver of tumor development in breast tissues and a mediator of cell resistance to conventional chemotherapy through PAK1 activation. These data propose that RhoJ is a potential target for therapeutic interventions in obese breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara J. Bou Malhab
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Vidhya A. Nair
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Wael M. Abdel-Rahman
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Laschuk Herlinger A, Lovatto Michaelsen G, Sinigaglia M, Fratini L, Nogueira Debom G, Braganhol E, Brunetto de Farias C, Lunardi Brunetto A, Tesainer Brunetto A, da Cunha Jaeger M, Roesler R. Modulation of Viability, Proliferation, and Stemness by Rosmarinic Acid in Medulloblastoma Cells: Involvement of HDACs and EGFR. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:573-585. [PMID: 37740824 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a heterogeneous group of malignant pediatric brain tumors, divided into molecular groups with distinct biological features and prognoses. Currently available therapy often results in poor long-term quality of life for patients, which will be afflicted by neurological, neuropsychiatric, and emotional sequelae. Identifying novel therapeutic agents capable of targeting the tumors without jeopardizing patients' quality of life is imperative. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a plant-derived compound whose action against a series of diseases including cancer has been investigated, with no side effects reported so far. Previous studies have not examined whether RA has effects in MB. Here, we show RA is cytotoxic against human Daoy (IC50 = 168 μM) and D283 (IC50 = 334 μM) MB cells. Exposure to RA for 48 h reduced histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) expression while increasing H3K9 hyperacetylation, reduced epidermal growth factor (EGFR) expression, and inhibited EGFR downstream targets extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and AKT in Daoy cells. These modifications were accompanied by increased expression of CDKN1A/p21, reduced expression of SOX2, and a decrease in proliferative rate. Treatment with RA also reduced cancer stem cell markers expression and neurosphere size. Taken together, our findings indicate that RA can reduce cell proliferation and stemness and induce cell cycle arrest in MB cells. Mechanisms mediating these effects may include targeting HDAC1, EGFR, and ERK signaling, and promoting p21 expression, possibly through an increase in H3K9ac and AKT deactivation. RA should be further investigated as a potential anticancer agent in experimental MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Laschuk Herlinger
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children's Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology - INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Lovatto Michaelsen
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Digital Metropolis Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078-400, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Marialva Sinigaglia
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children's Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology - INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Digital Metropolis Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078-400, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Lívia Fratini
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Nogueira Debom
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brunetto de Farias
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children's Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology - INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Algemir Lunardi Brunetto
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children's Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology - INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - André Tesainer Brunetto
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children's Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology - INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Mariane da Cunha Jaeger
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children's Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology - INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Rafael Roesler
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children's Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology - INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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Wilson M. The Use of a Synthetic Hybrid-Scale Fiber Matrix to Treat Difficult-to-Heal Wounds. Cureus 2023; 15:e50405. [PMID: 38213368 PMCID: PMC10783884 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Complex and chronic wounds are often difficult to treat, and current advanced therapies have their limitations. A synthetic hybrid-scale fiber matrix could be a viable option in treating these wounds, as previous clinical studies utilizing the matrix have shown positive results in treating chronic ulcers and surgical wounds. METHODS Patients with difficult-to-treat wounds of varying etiologies were treated with a synthetic hybrid-scale fiber matrix (Restrata®, Acera Surgical, Inc., St. Louis, Missouri). The wound bed was debrided and prepared, and the synthetic matrix was prepared and applied to the wound. Wounds were monitored for healing progress. Additional applications of the synthetic matrix were used based on clinician discretion. RESULTS Six patients with wounds of varying etiologies were assessed, including a 30-year recalcitrant wound. All wounds achieved significant healing, with four of the six wounds (67%) achieving complete closure in an average of 57.8 ± 27.0 days (8.3 ± 3.9 weeks). CONCLUSIONS The study found that the synthetic matrix was effective, resulting in improved healing across various etiologies, including cancer resection and amputation. The clinical results presented here suggest that the synthetic hybrid-scale fiber matrix may be an optimal alternative in treating difficult-to-heal wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Wilson
- Operations, Chronic Wound Solutions of Texas, San Antonio, USA
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Zhang Q, Yang Y, Suo D, Zhao S, Cheung JCW, Leung PHM, Zhao X. A Biomimetic Adhesive and Robust Janus Patch with Anti-Oxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Bacterial Activities for Tendon Repair. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16798-16816. [PMID: 37622841 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Early stage oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and infection after tendon surgery are highly associated with the subsequent peritendinous adhesion formation, which may diminish the quality and function of the repaired tendon. Although various anti-inflammatory and/or antibacterial grafts have been proposed to turn the scale, most of them suffer from the uncertainty of drug-induced adverse effects, low mechanical strength, and tissue adhesiveness. Here, inspired by the tendon anatomy and pathophysiology of adhesion development, an adhesive and robust dual-layer Janus patch is developed, whose inner layer facing the operated tendon is a multifunctional electrospun hydrogel patch (MEHP), encircled further by a poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) fibrous outer layer facing the surrounding tissue. Specifically, MEHP is prepared by gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, which are co-electrospun first and then treated by tannic acid (TA). The inner MEHP exhibits superior mechanical performance, adhesion strength, and outstanding antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antibacterial properties, and it can adhere to the injury site offering a favorable microenvironment for tendon regeneration. Meanwhile, the outer PLLA acts as a physical barrier that prevents extrinsic cells and tissues from invading the defect site, reducing peritendinous adhesion formation. This work presents a proof-of-concept of a drug-free graft with anisotropic adhesive and biological functions to concert the healing phases of injured tendon by alleviating incipient inflammation and oxidative damage but supporting tissue regeneration and reducing tendon adhesion in the later phase of repair and remodeling. It is envisioned that this Janus patch could offer a promising strategy for safe and efficient tendon therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yuhe Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Di Suo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - James Chung-Wai Cheung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Polly Hang-Mei Leung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, China
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8
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Gil JF, Moura CS, Silverio V, Gonçalves G, Santos HA. Cancer Models on Chip: Paving the Way to Large-Scale Trial Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300692. [PMID: 37103886 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer kills millions of individuals every year all over the world (Global Cancer Observatory). The physiological and biomechanical processes underlying the tumor are still poorly understood, hindering researchers from creating new, effective therapies. Inconsistent results of preclinical research, in vivo testing, and clinical trials decrease drug approval rates. 3D tumor-on-a-chip (ToC) models integrate biomaterials, tissue engineering, fabrication of microarchitectures, and sensory and actuation systems in a single device, enabling reliable studies in fundamental oncology and pharmacology. This review includes a critical discussion about their ability to reproduce the tumor microenvironment (TME), the advantages and drawbacks of existing tumor models and architectures, major components and fabrication techniques. The focus is on current materials and micro/nanofabrication techniques used to manufacture reliable and reproducible microfluidic ToC models for large-scale trial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ferreira Gil
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028, Portugal
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN), Rua Alves Redol 9, Lisbon, 1000-029, Portugal
- TEMA, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Carla Sofia Moura
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Applied Research Institute, Coimbra, 3045-093, Portugal
| | - Vania Silverio
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN), Rua Alves Redol 9, Lisbon, 1000-029, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, 1049-001, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy - i4HB, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gil Gonçalves
- TEMA, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory (LASI), Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
- W.J. Korf Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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Patra D, Bhavya K, Ramprasad P, Kalia M, Pal D. Anti-cancer drug molecules targeting cancer cell cycle and proliferation. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:343-395. [PMID: 37061337 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer, a vicious clinical burden that potentiates maximum fatality for humankind, arises due to unregulated excessive cell division and proliferation through an eccentric expression of cell cycle regulator proteins. A set of evolutionarily conserved machinery controls the cell cycle in an extremely precise manner so that a cell that went through the cycle can produce a genetically identical copy. To achieve perfection, several checkpoints were placed in the cycle for surveillance; so, errors during the division were rectified by the repair strategies. However, irreparable damage leads to exit from the cell cycle and induces programmed cell death. In comparison to a normal cell, cancer cells facilitate the constitutive activation of many dormant proteins and impede negative regulators of the checkpoint. Extensive studies in the last few decades on cell division and proliferation of cancer cells elucidate the molecular mechanism of the cell-cycle regulators that are often targeted for the development of anti-cancer therapy. Each phase of the cell cycle has been regulated by a unique set of proteins including master regulators Cyclins, and CDKs, along with the accessory proteins such as CKI, Cdc25, error-responsive proteins, and various kinase proteins mainly WEE1 kinases, Polo-like kinases, and Aurora kinases that control cell division. Here in this chapter, we have analytically discussed the role of cell cycle regulators and proliferation factors in cancer progression and the rationale of using various cell cycle-targeting drug molecules as anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarun Patra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Kumari Bhavya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Palla Ramprasad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Moyna Kalia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Durba Pal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India.
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Stochastic Fluctuations Drive Non-genetic Evolution of Proliferation in Clonal Cancer Cell Populations. Bull Math Biol 2022; 85:8. [PMID: 36562835 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-022-01113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary dynamics allows us to understand many changes happening in a broad variety of biological systems, ranging from individuals to complete ecosystems. It is also behind a number of remarkable organizational changes that happen during the natural history of cancers. These reflect tumour heterogeneity, which is present at all cellular levels, including the genome, proteome and phenome, shaping its development and interrelation with its environment. An intriguing observation in different cohorts of oncological patients is that tumours exhibit an increased proliferation as the disease progresses, while the timescales involved are apparently too short for the fixation of sufficient driver mutations to promote explosive growth. Here, we discuss how phenotypic plasticity, emerging from a single genotype, may play a key role and provide a ground for a continuous acceleration of the proliferation rate of clonal populations with time. We address this question by combining the analysis of real-time growth of non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells (N-H460) together with stochastic and deterministic mathematical models that capture proliferation trait heterogeneity in clonal populations to elucidate the contribution of phenotypic transitions on tumour growth dynamics.
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Association between the TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio as insulin resistance markers and the risk of colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1007. [PMID: 36138391 PMCID: PMC9503258 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background No previous prospective research has explored the association of the TyG (fasting triglyceride-glucose) index and TG/HDL-C ratio as insulin resistance markers with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in the Northern Chinese population. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we included 93,659 cancer-free participants with the measurements of TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio. Participants were divided by the quartiles of the TyG index or TG/HDL-C ratio. The associations of TyG index, TG/HDL-C ratio, and their components with CRC risk were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results During a median follow-up of 13.02 years, 593 incident CRC cases were identified. Compared with the lowest quartile of the TyG index (Q1), the risk of CRC was higher in persons in the third (Q3) and highest quartiles (Q4) of the TyG index, with corresponding multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) of 1.36 (1.06, 1.76) and 1.50 (1.19, 1.91), respectively. The elevated risks of CRC incidence were observed in people in the second, third, and highest quartiles of the TG/HDL-C ratio groups, with corresponding multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) of 1.33 (1.05, 1.70), 1.36 (1.07, 1.73) and 1.37 (1.07, 1.75), respectively. Conclusions Elevated TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio were associated with a higher risk of developing CRC among adults in Northern China.
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Xiao W, Huang J, Zhao C, Ding L, Wang X, Wu B. Diabetes and Risks of Right-Sided and Left-Sided Colon Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohorts. Front Oncol 2022; 12:737330. [PMID: 35463382 PMCID: PMC9021717 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.737330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer (CC). Epidemiologic studies previously reported a higher risk for right-sided colon cancer (RCC) compare to left-sided colon cancer (LCC), although data are conflicting. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate this issue. Methods We systematically searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library database for prospective cohort studies published up to June 2021. Studies were included if they reported site-specific estimates of the relative risk (RR) between diabetes and the risks of RCC and LCC. Random effects meta-analyses with inverse variance weighting were used to estimate the pooled site-specific RRs and the RCC-to-LCC ratio of RRs (RRRs). Results Data from 10 prospective cohort studies, representing 1,642,823 individuals (mainly white) and 17,624 CC patients, were included in the analysis. Diabetes was associated with an increased risk of both RCC (RR =1.35, 95% CI = 1.24-1.47) and LCC (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.08-1.28). After adjusting for major risk factors, individuals with diabetes had a greater risk for RCC than for LCC (RRR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.02-1.26), with no significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 0%). Conclusions This meta-analysis indicates that diabetes is associated with a higher risk for RCC than for LCC. Our findings suggest that colonoscopic surveillance in diabetic patients with careful examination of the right colon is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Xiao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinglong Huang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanyi Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bian Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Egal ESA, Scarini JF, de Lima-Souza RA, Lavareze L, Fernandes PM, Emerick C, Gonçalves MT, Helms MN, Altemani A, Mariano FV. Tumor microenvironment in salivary gland carcinomas: An orchestrated state of chaos. Oral Oncol 2022; 127:105777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kumar DN, Chaudhuri A, Aqil F, Dehari D, Munagala R, Singh S, Gupta RC, Agrawal AK. Exosomes as Emerging Drug Delivery and Diagnostic Modality for Breast Cancer: Recent Advances in Isolation and Application. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1435. [PMID: 35326585 PMCID: PMC8946254 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of malignancy which covers almost one-fourth of all the cancers diagnosed in women. Conventionally, chemo-, hormonal-, immune-, surgery, and radiotherapy are the clinically available therapies for BC. However, toxicity and other related adverse effects are still the major challenges. A variety of nano platforms have been reported to overcome these limitations, among them, exosomes provide a versatile platform not only for the diagnosis but also as a delivery vehicle for drugs. Exosomes are biological nanovesicles made up of a lipidic bilayer and known for cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes have been reported to be present in almost all bodily fluids, viz., blood, milk, urine, saliva, pancreatic juice, bile, peritoneal, and cerebrospinal fluid. Such characteristics of exosomes have attracted immense interest in cancer diagnosis and therapy. They can deliver bioactive moieties such as protein, lipids, hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic drugs, various RNAs to both distant and nearby recipient cells as well as have specific biological markers. By considering the growing interest of the scientific community in this field, we comprehensively compiled the information about the biogenesis of exosomes, various isolation methods, the drug loading techniques, and their diverse applications in breast cancer diagnosis and therapy along with ongoing clinical trials which will assist future scientific endeavors in a more organized direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulla Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; (D.N.K.); (A.C.); (D.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Aiswarya Chaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; (D.N.K.); (A.C.); (D.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Farrukh Aqil
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (F.A.); (R.M.); (R.C.G.)
| | - Deepa Dehari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; (D.N.K.); (A.C.); (D.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Radha Munagala
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (F.A.); (R.M.); (R.C.G.)
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; (D.N.K.); (A.C.); (D.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Ramesh C. Gupta
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (F.A.); (R.M.); (R.C.G.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Baxter II Research Building, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ashish Kumar Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; (D.N.K.); (A.C.); (D.D.); (S.S.)
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Sadat-Ali M, Aldakheel DA, Alabdali MN, Aljaafari DT, Alsulaiman AA, Alomran AS, Ahmed A, Alkhamis FA. The efficacy of new neuronal growth factor in the healing of the sciatic nerves in rabbits. Ann Afr Med 2022; 21:361-365. [PMID: 36412335 PMCID: PMC9850902 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_84_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Regeneration of nervous tissue is unpredictable and an ideal growth factor to influence the healing of the injured nerves is not available. A recent study in rats had shown that a new neuronal growth factor (NNGF) was effective in the early healing of the sciatic nerves. The aim of this experimental study is to test the efficacy of NNGF in the healing of iatrogenic division of the sciatic nerves in a larger animal (rabbits). Methods White New Zealand 20 male rabbits of 6 months of age were divided into two groups. Intramuscular ketamine and xylazine were used to anesthetize the animals. The sciatic nerves were divided using scalpel blade 15 and 10/0 Vicryl was used to repair the divided neural tissue. In the study group, 10 mg/kg body weight of NNGF was instilled on the top of the divided nerves and the wound was closed. At 4 weeks, the operated limbs were observed for any trophic skin changes. Nerve conduction studies were carried out using train-of-four-Watch SX, Organon (Ireland) Ltd., and Ireland. The rabbits were put to death humanely and the sciatic nerves were removed and delivered to the pathologist in 2% formalin. The pathologists were blinded about the two groups. Results Electromyographic study done at 4 weeks showed in the untreated group; the mean twitches 1-T4 was 0.45 ± 0.31% and in the treated group, the average was 77.912 ± 5% (P > 0.001). Microscopic anatomy in the treated group revealed prominent healing by regeneration was evidenced by showing growth of its proximal segments into an empty endoneurial tube which was not seen in the control group. In the control group, the nerves showed no histological element of healing by regeneration. Conclusions NNGF proves that in a larger animal at 4 weeks profoundly influenced early regeneration of experimentally created divisions of myelinated nerve tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Sadat-Ali
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Prof. Mir Sadat-Ali, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, AlKhobar 31952, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| | - Dakheel Abdullah Aldakheel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed N. Alabdali
- Department of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana T. Aljaafari
- Department of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulla A. Alsulaiman
- Department of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah S. Alomran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayesha Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd A. Alkhamis
- Department of Neurology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia
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Zheng X, Cao F, Qian L, Dong J. Body Composition Changes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Prediction of Survival to Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization in Combination With Clinical Prognostic Factors. Cancer Control 2021; 28:10732748211038445. [PMID: 34569304 PMCID: PMC8482711 DOI: 10.1177/10732748211038445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment-related toxicities and decreased levels of patient performance during cancer therapy might contribute to body composition changes (BCC) and thereby impact outcomes. This study investigated the association between BCC during transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and developed a nomogram for predicting survival in combination with clinical prognostic factors (CPF). Pretreatment and posttreatment computed tomography (CT) images of 75 patients with HCC who were treated between 2015 and 2018 were analyzed. The bone mineral density (BMD), cross-sectional area of paraspinal muscles (CSAmuscle), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), and visceral fat area (VFA) were measured from two sets of CT images. Count the changes in body composition during treatment and sort out the CPF of patients. Using cox regression models, CSAmuscle change, SFA change, VFA change, child-push class, and portal vein thrombosis were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) (HR=5.932, 2.384, 3.140, 1.744, 1.794, respectively. P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) showed the prediction model combination of BCC and CPF exhibited the highest predictive performance (AUC=0.937). Independent prognostic factors were all contained into the prognostic nomogram, the concordance index (C-index) of prognostic nomogram was 0.787 (95% CI, 0.675−0.887). Decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated that the prognostic nomogram was clinically useful. Nomogram-based risk classification systems were also constructed to facilitate risk stratification in HCC for optimization of clinical management. In conclusion, we identified CSAmuscle change, SFA change, VFA change, Child-Pugh class, and portal vein thrombosis were independent prognostic factors for HCC. The prognostic nomogram with a combination of BCC and CPF that can be applied in the individualized prediction of survival in patients with HCC after TACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 12485Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Liting Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 12485Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Jiangning Dong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, 12485Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Bou Malhab LJ, Abdel-Rahman WM. Obesity and inflammation: colorectal cancer engines. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:620-646. [PMID: 34488607 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210906122054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity continues to increase to the extent that it became a worldwide pandemic. An accumulating body of evidence has associated obesity with the development of different types of cancer, including colorectal cancer, which is a notorious disease with a high mortality rate. At the molecular level, colorectal cancer is a heterogenous disease characterized by a myriad of genetic and epigenetic alterations associated with various forms of genomic instability (detailed in Supplementary Materials). Recently, the microenvironment has emerged as a major factor in carcinogenesis. Our aim is to define the different molecular alterations leading to the development of colorectal cancer in obese patients with a focus on the role of the microenvironment in carcinogenesis. We also highlight all existent molecules in clinical trials that target the activated pathways in obesity-associated colorectal cancer, whether used as single treatments or in combination. Obesity predisposes to colorectal cancer via creating a state of chronic inflammation with dysregulated adipokines, inflammatory mediators, and other factors such as immune cell infiltration. A unifying theme in obesity-mediated colorectal cancer is the activation of the PI3K/AKT, mTOR/MAPK, and STAT3 signaling pathways. Different inhibitory molecules towards these pathways exist, increasing the therapeutic choice of obesity-associated colon cancer. However, obese patients are more likely to suffer from chemotherapy overdosing. Preventing obesity through maintaining a healthy and active lifestyle remains to be the best remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara J Bou Malhab
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah. United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael M Abdel-Rahman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah. United Arab Emirates
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Roda N, Blandano G, Pelicci PG. Blood Vessels and Peripheral Nerves as Key Players in Cancer Progression and Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174471. [PMID: 34503281 PMCID: PMC8431382 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The interactions between cancer cells and the surrounding blood vessels and peripheral nerves are critical in all the phases of tumor development. Accordingly, therapies that specifically target vessels and nerves represent promising anticancer approaches. The first aim of this review is to document the importance of blood vessels and peripheral nerves in both cancer onset and local or distant growth of tumoral cells. We then focus on the state-of-the-art therapies that limit cancer progression through the impairment of blood vessels and peripheral nerves. The mentioned literature is helpful for the scientific community to appreciate the recent advances in these two fundamental components of tumors. Abstract Cancer cells continuously interact with the tumor microenvironment (TME), a heterogeneous milieu that surrounds the tumor mass and impinges on its phenotype. Among the components of the TME, blood vessels and peripheral nerves have been extensively studied in recent years for their prominent role in tumor development from tumor initiation. Cancer cells were shown to actively promote their own vascularization and innervation through the processes of angiogenesis and axonogenesis. Indeed, sprouting vessels and axons deliver several factors needed by cancer cells to survive and proliferate, including nutrients, oxygen, and growth signals, to the expanding tumor mass. Nerves and vessels are also fundamental for the process of metastatic spreading, as they provide both the pro-metastatic signals to the tumor and the scaffold through which cancer cells can reach distant organs. Not surprisingly, continuously growing attention is devoted to the development of therapies specifically targeting these structures, with promising initial results. In this review, we summarize the latest evidence that supports the importance of blood vessels and peripheral nerves in cancer pathogenesis, therapy resistance, and innovative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Roda
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (N.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Giada Blandano
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (N.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (N.R.); (G.B.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Özgür A. Investigation of anticancer activities of STA-9090 (ganetespib) as a second generation HSP90 inhibitor in Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells. J Chemother 2021; 33:554-563. [PMID: 33794753 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2021.1908650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is common childhood tumour type of the bone. Chemotherapy is the most important step in treatment of osteosarcoma. Despite advanced diagnosis methods and target specific cancer therapeutics, osteosarcoma has still a high mortality rate and a tendency to metastasize. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are evaluated in osteosarcoma treatment in pre-clinical and clinical studies. In the last ten years, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) has been important biological target to design target specific cancer drugs. HSP90 play vital roles in proper folding, stabilization and maintenance of oncogenic client proteins in tumorigenesis. Therefore, inhibition of HSP90 has been significant therapeutic aspects in cancer drug design. STA-9090 (ganetespib) is a second generation small molecule HSP90 inhibitor which blocks tumurogenesis in cancer cells. STA-9090 inhibited ATP hydrolysis and protein folding process of HSP90. In this study, STA-9090 decreased Saos-2 cell proliferation and IC50 dose of STA-9090 was found out as 18.71 µM and 10.25 µM at 24 h and 48 h, respectively. STA-9090 inhibited HSP90 ATPase function and disrupted oncogenic client protein folding activity. Also, STA-9090 decreased protein level of the HSP90 in osteosarcoma cells. Expression analysis of osteosarcoma and bone metabolism related genes was performed by RT2 Profiler PCR Array. This study has found the down-regulation of the expression levels of oncogenic genes: DKK1, TWIST1, WNT10B, WNT3A, RANK, RANKL, PTH, FGFR1, FGFR2, LTBP2, IL6, TGFβ1, MMP2 and SPARC genes, in STA-9090 treated Saso-2 cells. Furthermore, expression levels of osteosarcoma related genes, OPG, ERα, ERβ, IL15, BMP2 and BMP7, were found to have increased significantly. Biological activities of STA-9090 on Saos-2 cell line show its potential as a target specific drug to inhibit osteosarcoma and its metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Özgür
- Artova Vocational School, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory and Veterinary Health Program, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
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20
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Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and docking study of novel quinazoline derivatives as EGFR-TK inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:601-612. [PMID: 33685233 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Quinazoline-based compounds have been proved effective in the treatment of cancers for years. Materials & methods: The structural features of several inhibitors of EGFR were integrated and quinazolines with a benzazepine moiety at the 4-position were constructed. Results: Most of the compounds exhibited excellent antitumor activities. Compound 33e showed excellent antitumor activities against the four tested cell lines (IC50: 1.06-3.55 μM). The enzymatic, signaling pathways and apoptosis assay of 33e were subsequently carried out to study the action of the mechanism. Conclusion: Compound 33e with a benzazepine moiety at the 4-position can be screened in this study and provides useful information for the design of EGFR-T790M inhibitors, which deserve additional research.
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Abstract
Despite high mortality rates, molecular understanding of metastasis remains limited. It can be regulated by both pro- and anti-metastasis genes. The metastasis suppressor, breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1), has been positively correlated with patient outcomes, but molecular functions are still being characterized. BRMS1 has been implicated in focal adhesion kinase (FAK), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and NF-κB signaling pathways. We review evidence that BRMS1 regulates these vast signaling pathways through chromatin remodeling as a member of mSin3 histone deacetylase complexes.
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Wu Q, Jing Y, Zhao T, Gao J, Cai M, Xu H, Liu Y, Liang F, Chen J, Wang H. Development of small molecule inhibitor-based fluorescent probes for highly specific super-resolution imaging. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:21591-21598. [PMID: 33094297 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05188h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To ensure the ultimate high-quality imaging of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy with increasingly high resolution, it is significant to use small specific fluorescent probes. Compared with the common biological fluorescent labeling technology, because of small size, strong specificity, abundance and special binding sites, single-targeted small-molecule inhibitors (SMIs) can link with organic dyes to form small fluorescent probes for various biomolecules. Herein, to confirm the feasibility of the SMI-probes, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR)-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor Gefitinib was selected for modification with the fluorescent dye to form Gefitinib-probe. Then, the labeling superiority of Gefitinib-probe was revealed by comparing the direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) images of EGFR labeled with different probes. Additionally, a high co-localization of fluorescent points from Gefitinib-probe and EGF-probe labeling indicated a high specificity of Gefitinib-probe to EGFR. Finally, higher co-localization of EGFR and HER3 labeled with the probe pair containing Gefitinib-probe than with the antibody-probe pair suggested that Gefitinib-probe with a cytoplasmic binding site benefited dual-color imaging. These results indicate that the SMI-probes are able to serve as versatile labeling tools for high-quality super-resolution imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, P.R. of China.
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Jin W, Jiang D, Zhang W, Wang C, Xia K, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Interactions of fibroblast growth factors with sulfated galactofucan from Saccharina japonica. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:26-34. [PMID: 32464202 PMCID: PMC10466213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A total 68 types of marine algae oligosaccharides and polysaccharides were prepared and used to study the structure-activity relationship of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides in their interactions with fibroblast growth factors (FGF) 1 and 2. Factors considered include different types of algae, extraction methods, molecular weight, sulfate content and fractions. In the case of low molecular weight polysaccharide (SJ-D) from Saccharina japonica and its fractions eluting from anion exchange column, both 1.0 M NaCl fraction (SJ-D-I) and 2.0 M NaCl fraction (SJ-D-S) had stronger binding affinity than the parent SJ-D, suggesting that sulfated galactofucans represented the major tight binding component. Nuclear magnetic resonance showed that SJ-D-I was a typical sulfated galactofucan, composed of four units: 1, 3-linked 4-sulfated α-L-fucose (Fuc); 1, 3-linked 2, 4-disulfated α-L-Fuc; 1, 6-linked 4-sulfated β-D-Gal and/or 1, 6-linked 3, 4-sulfated β-D-Gal. Modification by autohydrolysis to oligosaccharides and desulfation decreased the FGF binding affinity while oversulfation increased the affinity. The solution-based affinities of SJ-D-I to FGF1 and FGF2 were 69 nM and 3.9 nM, suggesting that SJ-D-I showed better preferentially binding to FGF1 than a natural ligand, heparin, suggesting that sulfated galactofucan might represent a good regulator of FGF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Di Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA; Department of Biological Science, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA; Department of Biological Science, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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Rahmani A, Saleki K, Javanmehr N, Khodaparast J, Saadat P, Nouri HR. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle-based therapies protect against coupled degeneration of the central nervous and vascular systems in stroke. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101106. [PMID: 32565329 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based treatments have been suggested as promising candidates for stroke. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported as potential therapeutics for a wide range of diseases. In particular, clinical trial studies have suggested MSCs for stroke therapy. The focus of MSC treatments has been directed towards cell replacement. However, recent research has lately highlighted their paracrine actions. The secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is offered to be the main therapeutic mechanism of MSC therapy. However, EV-based treatments may provide a wider therapeutic window compared to tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), the traditional treatment for stroke. Exosomes are nano-sized EVs secreted by most cell types, and can be isolated from conditioned cell media or body fluids such as plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Exosomes apply their effects through targeting their cargos such as microRNAs (miRs), DNAs, messenger RNAs, and proteins at the host cells, which leads to a shift in the behavior of the recipient cells. It has been indicated that exosomes, in particular their functional cargoes, play a significant role in the coupled pathogenesis and recovery of stroke through affecting the neurovascular unit (NVU). Therefore, it seems that exosomes could be utilized as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in stroke treatment. The miRs are small endogenous non-coding RNA molecules which serve as the main functional cargo of exosomes, and apply their effects as epigenetic regulators. These versatile non-coding RNA molecules are involved in various stages of stroke and affect stroke-related factors. Moreover, the involvement of aging-induced changes to specific miRs profile in stroke further highlights the role of miRs. Thus, miRs could be utilized as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools in stroke. In this review, we discuss the roles of stem cells, exosomes, and their application in stroke therapy. We also highlight the usage of miRs as a therapeutic choice in stroke therapy.
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Okamura T, Hashimoto Y, Hamaguchi M, Obora A, Kojima T, Fukui M. Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) is a predictor of incident colorectal cancer: a population-based longitudinal study. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:113. [PMID: 32709256 PMCID: PMC7379831 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00581-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC), which is related with insulin resistance, is a one of the most common cancers. Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) was made for a marker of insulin resistance. We conducted the investigation of association between TyG index and incident CRC. METHODS We examined the affect of TyG index on incident CRC in this historical cohort study of 27,944 (16,454 men and 11,490 women) participants. TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2]. The impact of TyG index on incident CRC was investigated using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, exercise, systolic blood pressure and creatinine. The covariate-adjusted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve calculated the area under the curve (AUC) and cut-off value of TyG index for the incidence of CRC. RESULTS During the median 4.4-year follow-up, 116 participants were diagnosed as CRC. The cumulative incidence rate of CRC were 0.4%. In Cox proportional hazard model, the HRs of TyG index were 1.38 (95% Confidence interval (CI), 1.00-1.91, p = 0.049) after adjusting for covariates. In the covariate-adjusted ROC curve analysis, the cut-off value of TyG index for incident CRC was 8.272 (AUC 0.687 (95%CI, 0.637-737, sensitivity = 0.620, specificity = 0.668, p < 0.001)). CONCLUSIONS TyG index can predict the onset of CRC. For early detection of CRC, we should encourage people with high TyG index to undergo screening for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Okamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hashimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Obora
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asahi University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takao Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asahi University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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Jin W, He X, Long L, Fang Q, Wei B, Sun J, Zhang W, Wang H, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Structural characterization and anti-lung cancer activity of a sulfated glucurono-xylo-rhamnan from Enteromorpha prolifera. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 237:116143. [PMID: 32241440 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A sulfated glucurono-xylo-rhamnan (EP-3-H) was purified from a green alga, Enteromorpha prolifera. EP-3-H and its oligomers were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and one and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resource spectroscopy. The structural analysis showed EP-3-H has a backbone of glucurono-xylo-rhamnan, branches with glucuronic acid and sulfated at C3 of rhamnose and/or C2 of xylose. The inhibition of EP-3-H on human lung cancer A549 cell proliferation in vitro and its therapeutic effects in BALB/c-nu mice in vivo were determined to evaluate the anti-lung cancer activity of EP-3-H. The tumor inhibition level was 59 %, suggesting that EP-3-H might be a good candidate for the treatment of lung cancer. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies revealed the IC50 on the binding of fibroblast growth factors, (FGF1 and FGF2), to heparin were 0.85 and 1.47 mg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that EP-3-H inhibits cancer proliferation by interacting with these growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
| | - Xinyue He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Liufei Long
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qiufu Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jiadong Sun
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA; Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA; Department of Biological Science, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
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Lin K, Liu B, Lim SL, Fu X, Sze SCW, Yung KKL, Zhang S. 20(S)-protopanaxadiol promotes the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of neural stem cells by targeting GSK-3β in the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. J Ginseng Res 2020; 44:475-482. [PMID: 32372869 PMCID: PMC7195587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active natural ingredients, especially small molecules, have recently received wide attention as modifiers used to treat neurodegenerative disease by promoting neurogenic regeneration of neural stem cell (NSC) in situ. 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), one of the bioactive ingredients in ginseng, possesses neuroprotective properties. However, the effect of PPD on NSC proliferation and differentiation and its mechanism of action are incompletely understood. METHODS In this study, we investigated the impact of PPD on NSC proliferation and neuronal lineage differentiation through activation of the Wnt/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β/β-catenin pathway. NSC migration and proliferation were investigated by neurosphere assay, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and EdU assay. NSC differentiation was analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Involvement of the Wnt/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway was examined by molecular simulation and Western blot and verified using gene transfection. RESULTS PPD significantly promoted neural migration and induced a significant increase in NSC proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, a remarkable increase in antimicrotubule-associated protein 2 expression and decrease in nestin protein expression were induced by PPD. During the differentiation process, PPD targeted and stimulated the phosphorylation of GSK-3β at Ser9 and the active forms of β-catenin, resulting in activation of the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Transfection of NSCs with a constitutively active GSK-3β mutant at S9A significantly hampered the proliferation and neural differentiation mediated by PPD. CONCLUSION PPD promotes NSC proliferation and neural differentiation in vitro via activation of the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway by targeting GSK-3β, potentially having great significance for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Lin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China
- HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sze-Lam Lim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China
- HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuqiong Fu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, China
| | - Stephen C.-W. Sze
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China
- HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ken K.-L. Yung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China
- HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China
- HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
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Yamada Y, Miyamoto T, Higuchi S, Ono M, Kobara H, Asaka R, Ando H, Suzuki A, Shiozawa T. cDNA expression library screening revealed novel functional genes involved in clear cell carcinogenesis of the ovary in vitro. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2020; 41:100-105. [PMID: 32157937 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2020.1716310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify genes involved in the pathogenesis of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (CCC), functional screening using a cDNA expression library was performed. We extracted mRNA from a CCC cell line (RMG-1), established a cDNA library using a retroviral vector, transfected that library into mouse NIH3T3 cells and sequenced the resultant foci. The tissue-type specific expression of isolated genes and their transforming activities were evaluated. Seven genes were isolated. Of these genes, the mRNA expression of SEC61B and DVL1 is significantly stronger in CCC than in other histological types (p < .05). Immunohistochemical staining reveals the stronger expression of SEC61B and C1ORF38 than normal ovarian tissues (p < .05). Focus formation is confirmed by the transfection of SEC61B, C1ORF38, and DVL1 into NIH3T3 cells. The present study identified novel genes including SEC61B, C1ORF38, and DVL1, involved in the pathogenesis of CCC. These genes may be additional therapeutic targets for CCC.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? Several important genetic abnormalities, including ARID1A and PIK3CA mutations, have been reported in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC).What the results of this study add? SEC61B, C1ORF38, and DVL1 were newly detected as candidate genes involved in ovarian clear cell carcinogenesis.What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Functional screening using a cDNA expression library may be a useful technique to identify functional genes for pathogenesis. The information obtained using this technique may provide new therapeutic targets of CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shotaro Higuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Motoki Ono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hisanori Kobara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Asaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ando
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Akihisa Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tanri Shiozawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan
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Abstract
Lung cancer in women is a modern epidemic and a major health crisis. Cigarette smoking remains the most important risk factor for lung cancer, and unfortunately smoking rates are either stabilized or continue to increase among women. Women may not be more susceptible to the carcinogenic effects of tobacco, but the biology of lung cancer differs between the sexes. This paper summarizes the biological sex differences in lung cancer, including molecular abnormalities, growth factor receptors, hormonal influences, DNA repair capacity, as well as differences in the histology and treatment outcomes of lung cancer in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R MacRosty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Interventional Pulmonary Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7020, USA
| | - M Patricia Rivera
- Division on Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 130 Mason Farm Road, Suite 4125, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7020, USA.
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Zhang S, Sun P, Lin K, Chan FHL, Gao Q, Lau WF, Roy VAL, Zhang H, Lai KWC, Huang Z, Yung KKL. Extracellular Nanomatrix-Induced Self-Organization of Neural Stem Cells into Miniature Substantia Nigra-Like Structures with Therapeutic Effects on Parkinsonian Rats. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901822. [PMID: 31871862 PMCID: PMC6918115 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Substantia nigra (SN) is a complex and critical region of the brain wherein Parkinson's disease (PD) arises from the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Miniature SN-like structures (mini-SNLSs) constructed from novel combination of nanomaterials and cell technologies exhibit promise as potentially curative cell therapies for PD. In this work, a rapid self-organization of mini-SNLS, with an organizational structure and neuronal identities similar to those of the SN in vivo, is achieved by differentiating neural stem cells in vitro on biocompatible silica nanozigzags (NZs) sculptured by glancing angle deposition, without traditional chemical growth factors. The differentiated neurons exhibit electrophysiological activity in vitro. Diverse physical cues and signaling pathways that are determined by the nanomatrices and lead to the self-organization of the mini-SNLSs are clarified and elucidated. In vivo, transplantation of the neurons from a mini-SNLS results in an early and progressive amelioration of PD in rats. The sculptured medical device reported here enables the rapid and specific self-organization of region-specific and functional brain-like structures without an undesirable prognosis. This development provides promising and significant insights into the screening of potentially curative drugs and cell therapies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Zhang
- Department of BiologyHong Kong Baptist University (HKBU)Kowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SAR China
- Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration SciencesHKBUKowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SAR China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, 9FThe Industrialization Complex of Shenzhen Virtual University ParkNo. 2 Yuexing 3rd Road, South Zone, Hi‐tech Industrial Park, Nanshan DistrictShenzhen518057Guangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of PhysicsHKBUKowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SAR China
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518000Guangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Kaili Lin
- Department of BiologyHong Kong Baptist University (HKBU)Kowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SAR China
- Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration SciencesHKBUKowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SAR China
| | - Florence Hiu Ling Chan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong Kong (CityU)Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SAR China
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong Kong (CityU)Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SAR China
| | - Wai Fung Lau
- Department of PhysicsHKBUKowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SAR China
| | - Vellaisamy A. L. Roy
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCity University of Hong KongTat Chee Avenue, Kowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SAR China
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- School of Chinese MedicineHKBUKowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SAR China
| | - King Wai Chiu Lai
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong Kong (CityU)Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SAR China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration SciencesHKBUKowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SAR China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, 9FThe Industrialization Complex of Shenzhen Virtual University ParkNo. 2 Yuexing 3rd Road, South Zone, Hi‐tech Industrial Park, Nanshan DistrictShenzhen518057Guangdong ProvinceChina
- Department of PhysicsHKBUKowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SAR China
- Institute of Advanced MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological AnalysisHKBUKowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SAR China
| | - Ken Kin Lam Yung
- Department of BiologyHong Kong Baptist University (HKBU)Kowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SAR China
- Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration SciencesHKBUKowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SAR China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, 9FThe Industrialization Complex of Shenzhen Virtual University ParkNo. 2 Yuexing 3rd Road, South Zone, Hi‐tech Industrial Park, Nanshan DistrictShenzhen518057Guangdong ProvinceChina
- Institute of Advanced MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological AnalysisHKBUKowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SAR China
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31
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Lee K, Ben Amara H, Lee SC, Leesungbok R, Chung MA, Koo KT, Lee SW. Chemical Regeneration of Wound Defects: Relevance to the Canine Palatal Mucosa and Cell Cycle Up-Regulation in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:675-684. [PMID: 31824829 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is an agent widely applied in dermatology for skin regeneration. To test whether TCA can offer an advantage for the regeneration of oral soft tissue defects, the cellular events following TCA application were explored in vitro and its influence on the oral soft tissue wound healing was evaluated in a canine palate model. Methods The cytotoxicity and growth factor gene expression in human gingival fibroblasts were tested in vitro following the application of TCA at four concentrations (0.005%, 0.05%, 0.5% and 1%) with different time intervals (0, 3, 9 and 21 h). One concentration of TCA was selected to screen the genes differentially expressed using DNA microarray and the associated pathways were explored. TCA was injected in open wound defects of the palatal mucosa from beagle dogs (n = 3) to monitor their healing and regeneration up to day 16-post-administration. Results While the 0.5-1% concentration induced the cytoxicity, a significantly higher expression of growth factor genes was observed after 3 and 9 h following the 0.5% TCA application in comparison to other groups. DNA microarray analysis in 0.5% TCA group showed 417 genes with a significant 1.5-fold differential expression, involving pathways of cell cycle, FoxO signaling, p53 signaling, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and cAMP signaling. In vivo results showed a faster reepithelialization of TCA-treated wounds as compared to spontaneous healing. Conclusion TCA promoted the healing and regeneration of oral soft tissue wound defects by up-regulating the cell cycle progression, cell growth, and cell viability, particularly at a concentration of 0.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungho Lee
- 1Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05278 Republic of Korea
| | - Heithem Ben Amara
- 2Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, Translational Research Laboratory for Tissue Engineering (TTE), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheon Lee
- 3Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Richard Leesungbok
- 4Department of Biomaterials and Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05278 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ah Chung
- 1Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05278 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Koo
- 2Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, Translational Research Laboratory for Tissue Engineering (TTE), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Won Lee
- 4Department of Biomaterials and Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05278 Republic of Korea
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Comparison of the Interactions of Different Growth Factors and Glycosaminoglycans. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183360. [PMID: 31527407 PMCID: PMC6767211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Most growth factors are naturally occurring proteins, which are signaling molecules implicated in cellular multiple functions such as proliferation, migration and differentiation under patho/physiological conditions by interacting with cell surface receptors and other ligands in the extracellular microenvironment. Many of the growth factors are heparin-binding proteins (HBPs) that have a high affinity for cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). In the present study, we report the binding kinetics and affinity of heparin interacting with different growth factors, including fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2,7,10, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF β-1), using a heparin chip. Surface plasmon resonance studies revealed that all the tested growth factors bind to heparin with high affinity (with KD ranging from ~0.1 to 59 nM) and all the interactions are oligosaccharide size dependent except those involving TGF β-1. These heparin-binding growth factors also interact with other glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), as well as various chemically modified heparins. Other GAGs, including heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfates A, B, C, D, E and keratan sulfate, showed different inhibition activities for the growth factor-heparin interactions. FGF2, FGF7, FGF10 and HGF bind heparin but the 2-O-sulfo and 6-O-sulfo groups on heparin have less impact on these interactions than do the N-sulfo groups. All the three sulfo groups (N-, 2-O and 6-O) on heparin are important for TGFβ-1-heparin interaction.
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Yan XZ, van den Beucken JJJP, Yuan C, Jansen JA, Yang F. Evaluation of polydimethylsiloxane-based substrates for in vitro culture of human periodontal ligament cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:2796-2805. [PMID: 31408269 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells are regarded as the cell type with the highest potential for periodontal regeneration. Biophysical cues of the culture substrate are increasingly identified as vital parameters to affect cell behavior. Compared to traditional tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates corroborate more closely the elastic modulus values of the physiological environment. Consequently, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PDMS-based substrates with different stiffness on cellular responses of human PDL cells. PDMS substrates with different stiffness were fabricated by varying the ratio of base to curing component. The influence of PDMS substrates on PDL cell spreading and cytoskeletal morphologies, motility, proliferation, stemness gene expression, and osteogenic differentiation was evaluated and compared to that on conventional TCPS. PDL cells cultured on PDMS substrates exhibited a smaller cell size and more elongated morphology, with less spreading area, fewer focal adhesions, and faster migration than cells on TCPS. Compared to TCPS, PDMS substrates promoted the rapid in vitro expansion of PDL cells without interfering with their self-renewal ability. In contrast, the osteogenic differentiation ability of PDL cells cultured on PDMS was lower in comparison to cells on TCPS. PDL cells on PDMS exhibited similar cell morphology, motility, proliferation, and self-renewal gene expression. The stiffer PDMS substrate increased the osteogenic gene expression of PDL cells compared to the soft PDMS group in one donor. These data indicate that PDMS-based substrates have the potential for the efficient PDL cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhen Yan
- Department of Periodontology, School and hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Chunxue Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - John A Jansen
- Department of Dentistry - Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Dentistry - Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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34
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Gladilin E, Ohse S, Boerries M, Busch H, Xu C, Schneider M, Meister M, Eils R. TGFβ-induced cytoskeletal remodeling mediates elevation of cell stiffness and invasiveness in NSCLC. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7667. [PMID: 31113982 PMCID: PMC6529472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43409-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance of growth factor (GF) signaling in cancer progression is widely acknowledged. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is known to play a key role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastatic cell transformation that are characterized by alterations in cell mechanical architecture and behavior towards a more robust and motile single cell phenotype. However, mechanisms mediating cancer type specific enhancement of cell mechanical phenotype in response to TGFβ remain poorly understood. Here, we combine high-throughput mechanical cell phenotyping, microarray analysis and gene-silencing to dissect cytoskeletal mediators of TGFβ-induced changes in mechanical properties of on-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells. Our experimental results show that elevation of rigidity and invasiveness of TGFβ-stimulated NSCLC cells correlates with upregulation of several cytoskeletal and motor proteins including vimentin, a canonical marker of EMT, and less-known unconventional myosins. Selective probing of gene-silenced cells lead to identification of unconventional myosin MYH15 as a novel mediator of elevated cell rigidity and invasiveness in TGFβ-stimulated NSCLC cells. Our experimental results provide insights into TGFβ-induced cytoskeletal remodeling of NSCLC cells and suggest that mediators of elevated cell stiffness and migratory activity such as unconventional cytoskeletal and motor proteins may represent promising pharmaceutical targets for restraining invasive spread of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gladilin
- German Cancer Research Center, Div. Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, Mathematikon - Berliner Str. 41, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,University Heidelberg, BioQuant, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland, Germany.
| | - S Ohse
- University of Freiburg, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Boerries
- University of Freiburg, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department for Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Bioinformatics and Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstrasse 153, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Busch
- University of Freiburg, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,University of Lübeck, Institute of Experimental Dermatology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - C Xu
- Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Amalienstr. 5, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Schneider
- Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Amalienstr. 5, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Meister
- Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Amalienstr. 5, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Eils
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health, and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Kapelle-Ufer 2, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Health Data Science Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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35
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Zhang R, Zhang Y, Yi S. Identification of critical growth factors for peripheral nerve regeneration. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10760-10765. [PMID: 35515307 PMCID: PMC9062509 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01710k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factors are essential for the repair and regeneration of tissues and organs, including injured peripheral nerves. However, the expression changes of growth factors during peripheral nerve regeneration have not been fully elucidated. To obtain a global view of alternations of growth factors during the regeneration process, we explored previously achieved sequencing data of rat sciatic nerve stumps at 0 h, 1 d, 4 d, 7 d, and 14 d after nerve crush injury and screened differentially expressed upstream growth factors using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) bioinformatic software. Differentially expressed growth factors were then subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Enrichment of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Regulatory networks of the differentially expressed growth factors in axon growth-related biological processes were constructed. Pivotal growth factors involved in axon growth were identified and validated by qRT-PCR. Our current study identified differentially expressed growth factors in the injured nerve stumps after peripheral nerve injury, discovered key growth factors for axon growth and nerve regeneration, and might facilitate the discovery of potential therapeutic targets of peripheral nerve injury. Growth factors are essential for the repair and regeneration of tissues and organs, including injured peripheral nerves.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration
- Nantong University
- Nantong
- China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University
- Nantong
- China
| | - Sheng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration
- Nantong University
- Nantong
- China
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36
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Denzinger M, Link A, Kurz J, Krauss S, Thoma R, Schlensak C, Wendel HP, Krajewski S. Keratinocyte Growth Factor Modified Messenger RNA Accelerating Cell Proliferation and Migration of Keratinocytes. Nucleic Acid Ther 2018; 28:335-347. [PMID: 30376406 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2018.0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) plays a central role in wound healing as it induces cell proliferation and motility. The use of growth factors such as KGF is therefore viewed as a promising approach in wound therapy, although effective application remains a major problem because of inactivation and the resulting short half-life of applied growth factors in wound beds. Therefore, the rational of this study was to develop and investigate an innovative strategy to improve wound healing using an in vitro-transcribed modified KGF messenger RNA (mRNA). After transfection of cells, we evaluated the effects of the produced KGF protein on cell migration and reepithelialization of keratinocytes using a scratch assay. The results demonstrate that KGF-mRNA-transfected cells exhibited a high KGF protein release that is sufficient to significantly improve reepithelialization in the performed scratch assays. Transfection with growth factor mRNA therefore seems to be a promising therapeutic strategy, especially for difficult wounds, as it leads to a temporary increase of growth factor expression in the treated wound area without interfering with the DNA of the nucleus, as seen in gene therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Denzinger
- 1 Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany.,2 Department of Plastic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Antonia Link
- 1 Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julia Kurz
- 1 Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krauss
- 2 Department of Plastic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Robert Thoma
- 1 Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- 1 Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans Peter Wendel
- 1 Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Krajewski
- 1 Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany
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37
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Zhang SQ, Lin KL, Law CY, Liu B, Fu XQ, Tse WS, Wong SSM, Sze SCW, Yung KKL. Oleanolic acid enhances neural stem cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation in vitro by inhibiting GSK3β activity. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:48. [PMID: 30345079 PMCID: PMC6189131 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA), one of the bioactive ingredients in ginseng, has been reported to have neuroprotective activities. However, the effects and its mechanism on neural stem cell (NSC) induction are not entirely clear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of OA on promoting the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Migration and proliferation were investigated by using neural-specific markers, neurosphere assay, and Cell Counting Kit-8, respectively. We found OA remarkably promoted neural migration and proliferation of NSCs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Differentiation was analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, which found MAP2 expression was remarkably increased, whereas Nestin was dramatically decreased. In addition, OA increased phosphorylation of GSK3β at Ser9 and expression of active forms of β-catenin. Furthermore, NSCs with constitutively active GSK3β (S9A) significantly suppressed the OA-induced proliferation and neural differentiation. These results showed that OA could stimulate NSC proliferation and neural differentiation in vitro via suppressing the activity of GSK3β. Our findings may have significant implications for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Qing Zhang
- 1Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Li Lin
- 1Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheuk Yu Law
- 1Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Liu
- 3Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Qiong Fu
- 4Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, HKBU, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Sze Tse
- 1Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Samantha Sze Man Wong
- 1Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Stephen Cho Wing Sze
- 1Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ken Kin Lam Yung
- 1Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
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38
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Hugo de Almeida V, Guimarães IDS, Almendra LR, Rondon AMR, Tilli TM, de Melo AC, Sternberg C, Monteiro RQ. Positive crosstalk between EGFR and the TF-PAR2 pathway mediates resistance to cisplatin and poor survival in cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30594-30609. [PMID: 30093972 PMCID: PMC6078136 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-based chemoradiation is the standard treatment for cervical cancer, but chemosensitizing strategies are needed to improve patient survival. EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) is an oncogene overexpressed in cervical cancer that is involved in chemoresistance. Recent studies showed that EGFR upregulates multiple elements of the coagulation cascade, including tissue factor (TF) and the protease-activated receptors (PAR) 1 and 2. Moreover, many G protein-coupled receptors, including PARs, have been implicated in EGFR transactivation. However, the role of coagulation proteins in the progression of cervical cancer has been poorly investigated. Herein we employed cervical cancer cell lines and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to evaluate the role of EGFR, TF and PAR2 in chemoresistance. The SLIGKL-NH2 peptide (PAR2-AP) and coagulation factor VIIa (FVIIa) were used as PAR2 agonists, while cetuximab was used to inhibit EGFR. The more aggressive cell line CASKI showed higher expression levels of EGFR, TF and PAR2 than that of C33A. PAR2 transactivated EGFR, which further upregulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) expression. PAR2-AP decreased cisplatin-induced apoptosis through an EGFR- and COX2-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, treatment of CASKI cells with EGF upregulated TF expression, while treatment with cetuximab decreased the TF protein levels. The RNA-seq data from 309 TCGA samples showed a strong positive correlation between EGFR and TF expression (P = 0.0003). In addition, the increased expression of EGFR, PAR2 or COX2 in cervical cancer patients was significantly correlated with poor overall survival. Taken together, our results suggest that EGFR and COX2 are effectors of the TF/FVIIa/PAR2 signaling pathway, promoting chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Hugo de Almeida
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Divisão de Pesquisa Clínica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas R Almendra
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Araci M R Rondon
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana M Tilli
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andréia C de Melo
- Divisão de Pesquisa Clínica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cinthya Sternberg
- Divisão de Pesquisa Clínica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Present address: Sociedade Brasileira de Oncologia Clínica (SBOC), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Robson Q Monteiro
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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39
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Goda AA, Siddique AB, Mohyeldin M, Ayoub NM, El Sayed KA. The Maxi-K (BK) Channel Antagonist Penitrem A as a Novel Breast Cancer-Targeted Therapeutic. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16050157. [PMID: 29751615 PMCID: PMC5983288 DOI: 10.3390/md16050157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease with different molecular subtypes. The high conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK, Maxi-K channels) play an important role in the survival of some BC phenotypes, via membrane hyperpolarization and regulation of cell cycle. BK channels have been implicated in BC cell proliferation and invasion. Penitrems are indole diterpene alkaloids produced by various terrestrial and marine Penicillium species. Penitrem A (1) is a selective BK channel antagonist with reported antiproliferative and anti-invasive activities against multiple malignancies, including BC. This study reports the high expression of BK channel in different BC subtypes. In silico BK channel binding affinity correlates with the antiproliferative activities of selected penitrem analogs. 1 showed the best binding fitting at multiple BK channel crystal structures, targeting the calcium-sensing aspartic acid moieties at the calcium bowel and calcium binding sites. Further, 1 reduced the levels of BK channel expression and increased expression of TNF-α in different BC cell types. Penitrem A (1) induced G1 cell cycle arrest of BC cells, and induced upregulation of the arrest protein p27. Combination treatment of 1 with targeted anti-HER drugs resulted in synergistic antiproliferative activity, which was associated with reduced EGFR and HER2 receptor activation, as well as reduced active forms of AKT and STAT3. Collectively, the BK channel antagonists represented by penitrem A can be novel sensitizing, chemotherapeutics synergizing, and therapeutic agents for targeted BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A Goda
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
| | - Abu Bakar Siddique
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
| | - Mohamed Mohyeldin
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
| | - Nehad M Ayoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Khalid A El Sayed
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
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40
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Simabuco FM, Morale MG, Pavan IC, Morelli AP, Silva FR, Tamura RE. p53 and metabolism: from mechanism to therapeutics. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23780-23823. [PMID: 29805774 PMCID: PMC5955117 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor cell changes itself and its microenvironment to adapt to different situations, including action of drugs and other agents targeting tumor control. Therefore, metabolism plays an important role in the activation of survival mechanisms to keep the cell proliferative potential. The Warburg effect directs the cellular metabolism towards an aerobic glycolytic pathway, despite the fact that it generates less adenosine triphosphate than oxidative phosphorylation; because it creates the building blocks necessary for cell proliferation. The transcription factor p53 is the master tumor suppressor; it binds to more than 4,000 sites in the genome and regulates the expression of more than 500 genes. Among these genes are important regulators of metabolism, affecting glucose, lipids and amino acids metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and growth factors signaling. Wild-type and mutant p53 may have opposing effects in the expression of these metabolic genes. Therefore, depending on the p53 status of the cell, drugs that target metabolism may have different outcomes and metabolism may modulate drug resistance. Conversely, induction of p53 expression may regulate differently the tumor cell metabolism, inducing senescence, autophagy and apoptosis, which are dependent on the regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and/or ROS induction. The interplay between p53 and metabolism is essential in the decision of cell fate and for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M. Simabuco
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods, School of Applied Sciences (FCA), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian G. Morale
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isadora C.B. Pavan
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods, School of Applied Sciences (FCA), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P. Morelli
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods, School of Applied Sciences (FCA), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando R. Silva
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods, School of Applied Sciences (FCA), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo E. Tamura
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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41
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Di Lorenzo G, Autorino R, De Laurentiis M, Cindolo L, D'Armiento M, Bianco AR, De Placido S. Her-2/Neu Receptor in Prostate Cancer Development and Progression to Androgen Independence. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 90:163-70. [PMID: 15237576 DOI: 10.1177/030089160409000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Development of prostate cancer and progression to androgen-independent disease is correlated with increased expression of growth factors and receptors capable of establishing autocrine and/or paracrine growth-stimulatory loops. A thorough review was made of the current literature and recent abstract presentations at scientific meetings focusing on the role of the HER-2/neu (c-erbB2) receptor in prostate cancer and the potential clinical usefulness of its specific inhibitors. In the past 10 years, conflicting results on HER-2/neu expression in prostate cancer have been reported. More recently, four studies have shown experimental evidence of HER-2/neu in the development of prostate cancer and, more specifically, in the progression to a hormone-refractory clinical behavior. Furthermore, it has been proposed that HER-2 family and androgen receptors function synergistically in the absence of androgen, which suggests a crosstalk between the HER-2/neu and androgen receptor pathways. Finally, clinical trials are in progress in prostate cancer patients to test novel agents that selectively interfere with HER-2/neu activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Lorenzo
- Dipartimento di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Molecolare e Clinica, Università degli Studi Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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42
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Danesi DT, Spanò M, Antonini F, Altavista P, Catalano P, Cordelli E, Pasqualetti P, Santacroce C, Toscano MG, Mecozzi A, Fabiano A. Flow Cytometric and Immunohistochemical Correlations in High Incidence Human Solid Tumors. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 83:689-97. [PMID: 9267490 DOI: 10.1177/030089169708300313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
475 patients with carcinoma at different sites (141 colon-rectum; 102 breast; 50 stomach; 48 kidney; 46 head and neck; 41 bladder; 47 other sites) submitted to surgery have been analyzed after histopathological staging and grading, by flow cytometry (monoparametric DNA content analysis) and immunohistochemistry (p53, c-erbB-2, and PCNA expression). In breast cancer patients the presence of receptors for estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PGR) has also been determined. Flow cytometry-derived parameters were DNA ploidy, fraction of cells in S-phase (SPF), and DNA content heterogeneity (multiclonal stem cell lines with different DNA index and/or more than one subpopulations with different ploidy levels in different samples from the same tumor). Correlations of the results obtained by the different techniques have been attempted by the non-parametric Spearman's rank correlation approach. Significant associations (P «0.05) were found between the histopathological, immunohistochemical and flow cytometric parameters considered in some anatomical regions, such as stomach (p53 vs DNA content aneuploidy and vs heterogeneity), colon-rectum (TNM vs p53 and vs heterogeneity), bladder (grading vs DNA content aneuploidy and vs heterogeneity). Tumor heterogeneity proved to be dependent on the number of tumor samples taken. The results of this preliminary assessment will subsequently be compared with the data obtained from a currently ongoing follow-up survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Danesi
- Sezione di Tossicologia e Scienze Biomediche, ENEA CR Casaccia, Rome, Italy
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43
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Nam SY. Obesity-Related Digestive Diseases and Their Pathophysiology. Gut Liver 2018; 11:323-334. [PMID: 27890867 PMCID: PMC5417774 DOI: 10.5009/gnl15557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing medical and public health problem worldwide. Many digestive diseases are related to obesity. In this article, the current state of our knowledge of obesity-related digestive diseases, their pathogenesis, and the medical and metabolic consequences of weight reduction are discussed. Obesity-related digestive diseases include gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus, esophageal cancer, colon polyp and cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis C-related disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, gallstone, cholangiocarcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. Although obesity-related esophageal diseases are associated with altered mechanical and humoral factors, other obesity-related digestive diseases seem to be associated with obesity-induced altered circulating levels of adipocytokines and insulin resistance. The relationship between functional gastrointestinal disease and obesity has been debated. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the obesity-related digestive diseases, including pathophysiology, obesity-related risk, and medical and metabolic effects of weight reduction in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Youn Nam
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastric Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
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44
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Bajpai S, Awasthi S, Dutta S, Mittal A, Kumar A, Ahmad F. Role of HER-2/neu in Premalignant and Malignant Lesions of Uterine Cervix. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:EC01-EC04. [PMID: 29207712 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26583.10547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction In light of literature and controversy that exists in various cervical lesions, this prospective study was designed to explore the expression of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER-2/neu) in the cervical lesions and its correlation with the histopathological grade and type of tumour. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to evaluate HER-2/neu expression as it is the most reliable method of detecting overexpression of HER-2/neu. Aim To assess the role of HER-2/neu expression in premalignant and malignant lesions of uterine cervix. Materials and Methods Seventy cases of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions received in our department from January 2015 to December 2016, were included in study and Polyclonal Rabbit Anti-Human c-erbB-2 oncoprotein from DAKO was used. Standard streptovidin-biotin peroxidase method of IHC was followed. A golden brown membrane and cytoplasmic staining was taken as a positive reaction and intensity of expression was graded according to the 2014 ASCO/CAP guidelines for HER-2/neu reporting. Results Out of total 70 cases, HER-2/neu expression scores were 0 in 64.3% {23 cases of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) and 22 of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)}, +1 in 22.9%, (04 cases of CIN and 12 of SCC) +2 in 10% (06 cases of SCC and 01 of adenosquamous carcinoma) and +3 in 2.9% (02 cases of adenocarcinoma) cases. HER-2/neu overexpression rate was significantly higher in malignant (48.8%) as compared to pre malignant (14.8%) cases (p=0.004) and expression scores were higher (+2 and +3) in 20.9% of malignant cases as compared to none of pre malignant cases (p=0.020). Significant higher HER-2/neu scores are seen (+2 and +3) in all the adenocarcinoma cases as compared to 15% cases of SCC (p<0.001). Among malignant cases, HER-2/neu expression was statistically significantly higher in {Moderately Differentiated (MD) + Poorly Differentiated (PD)} 59.09% as compared to {Well Differentiated (WD)} 38.09% cases (p=0.090). Conclusion Study shows that expression of HER-2/neu is relatively lower in cervical lesions. However, the results of our study show that with shift from well to poorly differentiated lesions; the HER-2/neu expression rate shows an incremental trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swasti Bajpai
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pathology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Seema Awasthi
- Professor, Department of Pathology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shyamoli Dutta
- Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankita Mittal
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Faiyaz Ahmad
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Mehrabi M, Mansouri K, Soleymani B, Hoseinkhani Z, Shahlaie M, Khodarahmi R. Development of a human epidermal growth factor derivative with EGFR-blocking and depleted biological activities: A comparative in vitro study using EGFR-positive breast cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:275-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Koelwyn GJ, Quail DF, Zhang X, White RM, Jones LW. Exercise-dependent regulation of the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2017; 17:620-632. [PMID: 28943640 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2017.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The integrity and composition of the tumour microenvironment (TME) is highly plastic, undergoing constant remodelling in response to instructive signals derived from alterations in the availability and nature of systemic host factors. This 'systemic milieu' is directly modulated by host exposure to modifiable lifestyle factors such as exercise. Host exposure to regular exercise markedly reduces the risk of the primary development of several cancers and might improve clinical outcomes following a diagnosis of a primary disease. However, the molecular mechanisms that underpin the apparent antitumour effects of exercise are poorly understood. In this Opinion article, we explore the putative effects of exercise in reprogramming the interaction between the host and the TME. Specifically, we speculate on the possible effects of exercise on reprogramming 'distant' tissue microenvironments (those not directly involved in the exercise response) by analysing how alterations in the systemic milieu might modulate key TME components to influence cancer hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme J Koelwyn
- NYU Langone Medical Center, Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University; and at the Department of Physiology, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; and at the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Richard M White
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Lee W Jones
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA; and at the Weil Cornell Medical Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Pandey MK, Gupta SC, Nabavizadeh A, Aggarwal BB. Regulation of cell signaling pathways by dietary agents for cancer prevention and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:158-181. [PMID: 28823533 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that better food habits do play important role in cancer prevention and treatment, how dietary agents mediate their effects remains poorly understood. More than thousand different polyphenols have been identified from dietary plants. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanism by which dietary agents can modulate a variety of cell-signaling pathways linked to cancer, including transcription factors, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), activator protein-1 (AP-1), β-catenin/Wnt, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor- gamma (PPAR-γ), Sonic Hedgehog, and nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2); growth factors receptors (EGFR, VEGFR, IGF1-R); protein Kinases (Ras/Raf, mTOR, PI3K, Bcr-abl and AMPK); and pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, interleukins, COX-2, 5-LOX). In addition, modulation of proteasome and epigenetic changes by the dietary agents also play a major role in their ability to control cancer. Both in vitro and animal based studies support the role of dietary agents in cancer. The efficacy of dietary agents by clinical trials has also been reported. Importantly, natural agents are already in clinical trials against different kinds of cancer. Overall both in vitro and in vivo studies performed with dietary agents strongly support their role in cancer prevention. Thus, the famous quote "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food" made by Hippocrates 25 centuries ago still holds good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA.
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
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Takahashi T, Ogasawara T, Kishimoto J, Liu G, Asato H, Nakatsuka T, Uchinuma E, Nakamura K, Kawaguchi H, Takato T, Hoshi K. Synergistic Effects of FGF-2 with Insulin or IGF-I on the Proliferation of Human Auricular Chondrocytes. Cell Transplant 2017; 14:683-693. [DOI: 10.3727/000000005783982675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte preparation with the safety and efficiency is the first step in cartilage regenerative medicine. To prepare a chondrocyte proliferation medium that does not contain fetal bovine serum (FBS) and that provides more than a 1000-fold increase in cell numbers within approximately 1 month, we attempted to use the medium containing 5% human serum (HS), but it exerted no more than twofold increase in 2 weeks. To compensate for the limited proliferation ability in HS, we investigated the combinational effects of 12 factors [i.e., fibroblast growth factor(FGF)-2, insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-I, insulin, bone morphogenetic protein-2, parathyroid hormone, growth hormone, dexamethasone, 1α25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, L-3,3′,5′-triodothyronine, interleukine-1 receptor antagonist, 17β-estradiol, and testosterone] on the proliferation of human auricular chondrocytes by analysis of variance in fractional factorial design. As a result, FGF-2, dexamethasone, insulin, and IGF-I possessed promotional effects on proliferation, while the combination of FGF-2 with insulin or IGF-I synergistically enhanced the proliferation. Actually, the chondrocytes increased 7.5-fold in number in 2 weeks in a medium containing 5% HS with 10 ng/ml FGF-2, while the cell number synergistically gained a 10–12-fold increase with 5 μg/ml insulin or 100 ng/ml IGF-I in the same period. The proliferation effects were more enhanced at a concentration of 100 ng/ml for FGF-2, and especially for the combination of 100 ng/ml FGF-2 and 5 μg/ml insulin (approximately 16-fold within 2 weeks). In the long-term culture with repeated passaging, this combination provided more than 10,000-fold within 8 weeks (i.e., passage 4). Thus, we concluded that such a combination of FGF-2 with insulin or IGF-I may be useful for promotion of auricular chondrocyte proliferation in a clinical application for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuguharu Takahashi
- Department of MENICON Cartilage & Bone Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7–3–1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
- Division of Tissue Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7–3–1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
| | - Toru Ogasawara
- Department of MENICON Cartilage & Bone Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7–3–1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7–3–1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
| | - Junji Kishimoto
- Department of Clinical Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7–3–1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
| | - Guangyao Liu
- Department of MENICON Cartilage & Bone Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7–3–1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7–3–1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Asato
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7–3–1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakatsuka
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Saitama Medical School, Kerohongo 38, keroyama-cho, Iruma, Saitama 350–0495, Japan
| | - Eijyu Uchinuma
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Kitasato University, Kitasato 1–15–1, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228–8555, Japan
| | - Kozo Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7–3–1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawaguchi
- Department of Clinical Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7–3–1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takato
- Division of Tissue Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7–3–1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7–3–1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Department of MENICON Cartilage & Bone Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7–3–1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
- Division of Tissue Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7–3–1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
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Yousuf Z, Iman K, Iftikhar N, Mirza MU. Structure-based virtual screening and molecular docking for the identification of potential multi-targeted inhibitors against breast cancer. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2017; 9:447-459. [PMID: 28652811 PMCID: PMC5476443 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s132074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is characterized by an uncontrolled growth of cells in breast tissue. Genes that foster cell growth in breast cells are overexpressed, giving rise to breast tumors. The identification of effective inhibitors represents a rational chemopreventive strategy. The current in silico study provides a pharmacoinformatic approach for the identification of active compounds against a co-chaperone HSP90 and the human epidermal growth factor receptors EGFR and HER2/neu receptor. The elevated levels of expression of these target proteins have been documented in breast cancer. The utilization of drug-likeness filters helped to evaluate the pharmacological activity of potential lead compounds. Those fulfilling this criterion were subjected to energy minimization for 1000 steepest descent steps at a root means square gradient of 0.02 with an Amber ff12SB force field. Based on molecular docking results and binding interaction analysis, this study represents five chemical compounds (S-258282355, S-258012947, S-259417539, S-258002927, and S-259411474) that indicate high binding energies that range between -8.7 to -10.3 kcal/mol. With high cytochrome P inhibitory promiscuity activity, these multi-targeted potential hits portray not only good physiochemical interactions but also an excellent profile of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity, which hypothesizes that these compounds can be developed as anticancer drugs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Yousuf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore
| | - Kanzal Iman
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore
| | - Nauman Iftikhar
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad
| | - Muhammad Usman Mirza
- Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.,Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Zhang M, Cai S, Zuo B, Gong W, Tang Z, Zhou D, Weng M, Qin Y, Wang S, Liu J, Ma F, Quan Z. Arctigenin induced gallbladder cancer senescence through modulating epidermal growth factor receptor pathway. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317698359. [PMID: 28459363 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317698359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer has poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Arctigenin, a representative dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan, occurs in a variety of plants. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the antitumor effect of arctigenin on gallbladder cancer have not been fully elucidated. The expression levels of epidermal growth factor receptor were examined in 100 matched pairs of gallbladder cancer tissues. A positive correlation between high epidermal growth factor receptor expression levels and poor prognosis was observed in gallbladder cancer tissues. Pharmacological inhibition or inhibition via RNA interference of epidermal growth factor receptor induced cellular senescence in gallbladder cancer cells. The antitumor effect of arctigenin on gallbladder cancer cells was primarily achieved by inducing cellular senescence. In gallbladder cancer cells treated with arctigenin, the expression level of epidermal growth factor receptor significantly decreased. The analysis of the activity of the kinases downstream of epidermal growth factor receptor revealed that the RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway was significantly inhibited. Furthermore, the cellular senescence induced by arctigenin could be reverted by pcDNA-epidermal growth factor receptor. Arctigenin also potently inhibited the growth of tumor xenografts, which was accompanied by the downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor and induction of senescence. This study demonstrates arctigenin could induce cellular senescence in gallbladder cancer through the modulation of epidermal growth factor receptor pathway. These data identify epidermal growth factor receptor as a key regulator in arctigenin-induced gallbladder cancer senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdi Zhang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,2 Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shizhong Cai
- 3 Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, The Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Zuo
- 4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gong
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhou
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingzhe Weng
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyu Qin
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouhua Wang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- 5 Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis & Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Haematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Ma
- 6 Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Quan
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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