1
|
Flores-Hermenegildo JM, Hernández-Cázares FDJ, Pérez-Pérez D, Romero-Ramírez H, Rodríguez-Alba JC, Licona-Limon P, Kilimann MW, Santos-Argumedo L, López-Herrera G. Lrba participates in the differentiation of IgA+ B lymphocytes through TGFβR signaling. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1386260. [PMID: 38975349 PMCID: PMC11224471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1386260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lrba is a cytoplasmic protein involved in vesicular trafficking. Lrba-deficient (Lrba-/-) mice exhibit substantially higher levels of IgA in both serum and feces than wild-type (WT) mice. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and its receptors (TGFβR I and II) is essential for differentiating IgA+ B cells. Furthermore, increased IgA production suggests a potential connection between Lrba and the TGFβR signaling pathway in IgA production. However, the specific function of Lrba in B cell biology remains unknown. Aim Given the increased IgA levels in Lrba-/- mice, the goal in this work was to explore the lymph organs where the switch to IgA occurs, and if TGFβR function is affected. Methods Non-immunized Lrba-/- mice were compared with Lrba+/+ mice. IgA levels in the serum and feces, as well as during peripheral B cell development, were determined. IgA+ B cells and plasma cells were assessed in the small intestine and secondary lymphoid organs, such as the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches. The TGFβR signaling pathway was evaluated by determining the expression of TGFβR on B cells. Additionally, SMAD2 phosphorylation was measured under basal conditions and in response to recombinant TGFβ. Finally, confocal microscopy was performed to investigate a possible interaction between Lrba and TGFβR in B cells. Results Lrba-/- mice exhibited significantly higher levels of circulating IgA, IgA+ B, and plasma cells than in peripheral lymphoid organs those in WT mice. TGFβR expression on the membrane of B cells was similar in both Lrba-/- and Lrba+/+ mice. However, intracellular TGFβR expression was reduced in Lrba-/- mice. SMAD2 phosphorylation showed increased levels under basal conditions; stimulation with recombinant TGFβ elicited a poorer response than in that in Lrba+/+ B cells. Finally, we found that Lrba colocalizes with TGFβR in B cells. Conclusion Lrba is essential in controlling TGFβR signaling, subsequently regulating SMAD2 phosphorylation on B cells. This mechanism may explain the increased differentiation of IgA+ B cells and production of IgA-producing plasma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Mizael Flores-Hermenegildo
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Felipe de Jesús Hernández-Cázares
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniela Pérez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Héctor Romero-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Alba
- Unidad de Neuroinmunología y Neurooncología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugia (NINN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca (UABJO), Ciudad de Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Paula Licona-Limon
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Manfred W. Kilimann
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriela López-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mu DP, Scharer CD, Kaminski NE, Zhang Q. A multiscale spatial modeling framework for the germinal center response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1377303. [PMID: 38881901 PMCID: PMC11179717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1377303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The germinal center response or reaction (GCR) is a hallmark event of adaptive humoral immunity. Unfolding in the B cell follicles of the secondary lymphoid organs, a GC culminates in the production of high-affinity antibody-secreting plasma cells along with memory B cells. By interacting with follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, GC B cells exhibit complex spatiotemporal dynamics. Driving the B cell dynamics are the intracellular signal transduction and gene regulatory network that responds to cell surface signaling molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. As our knowledge of the GC continues to expand in depth and in scope, mathematical modeling has become an important tool to help disentangle the intricacy of the GCR and inform novel mechanistic and clinical insights. While the GC has been modeled at different granularities, a multiscale spatial simulation framework - integrating molecular, cellular, and tissue-level responses - is still rare. Here, we report our recent progress toward this end with a hybrid stochastic GC framework developed on the Cellular Potts Model-based CompuCell3D platform. Tellurium is used to simulate the B cell intracellular molecular network comprising NF-κB, FOXO1, MYC, AP4, CXCR4, and BLIMP1 that responds to B cell receptor (BCR) and CD40-mediated signaling. The molecular outputs of the network drive the spatiotemporal behaviors of B cells, including cyclic migration between the dark zone (DZ) and light zone (LZ) via chemotaxis; clonal proliferative bursts, somatic hypermutation, and DNA damage-induced apoptosis in the DZ; and positive selection, apoptosis via a death timer, and emergence of plasma cells in the LZ. Our simulations are able to recapitulate key molecular, cellular, and morphological GC events, including B cell population growth, affinity maturation, and clonal dominance. This novel modeling framework provides an open-source, customizable, and multiscale virtual GC simulation platform that enables qualitative and quantitative in silico investigations of a range of mechanistic and applied research questions on the adaptive humoral immune response in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek P. Mu
- Montgomery Blair High School, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Christopher D. Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Norbert E. Kaminski
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Center for Research on Ingredient Safety, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qi J, Yan L, Sun J, Huang C, Su B, Cheng J, Shen L. SUMO-specific protease 1 regulates germinal center B cell response through deSUMOylation of PAX5. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314619121. [PMID: 38776375 PMCID: PMC11145296 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314619121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Humoral immunity depends on the germinal center (GC) reaction where B cells are tightly controlled for class-switch recombination and somatic hypermutation and finally generated into plasma and memory B cells. However, how protein SUMOylation regulates the process of the GC reaction remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the expression of SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1) is up-regulated in GC B cells. Selective ablation of SENP1 in GC B cells results in impaired GC dark and light zone organization and reduced IgG1-switched GC B cells, leading to diminished production of class-switched antibodies with high-affinity in response to a TD antigen challenge. Mechanistically, SENP1 directly binds to Paired box protein 5 (PAX5) to mediate PAX5 deSUMOylation, sustaining PAX5 protein stability to promote the transcription of activation-induced cytidine deaminase. In summary, our study uncovers SUMOylation as an important posttranslational mechanism regulating GC B cell response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qi
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
| | - Lichong Yan
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
| | - Jiping Sun
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
| | - Chuanxin Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
| | - Bing Su
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
| | - Jinke Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu X, Wu Y, Li Y, Zhou X, Watzlawik JO, Chen YM, Raybuck AL, Billadeau D, Shapiro V, Springer W, Sun J, Boothby MR, Zeng H. The nutrient-sensing Rag-GTPase complex in B cells controls humoral immunity via TFEB/TFE3-dependent mitochondrial fitness. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.582122. [PMID: 38463988 PMCID: PMC10925109 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
During the humoral immune response, B cells undergo rapid metabolic reprogramming with a high demand for nutrients, which are vital to sustain the formation of the germinal centers (GCs). Rag-GTPases sense amino acid availability to modulate the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway and suppress transcription factor EB (TFEB) and transcription factor enhancer 3 (TFE3), members of the microphthalmia (MiT/TFE) family of HLH-leucine zipper transcription factors. However, how Rag-GTPases coordinate amino acid sensing, mTORC1 activation, and TFEB/TFE3 activity in humoral immunity remains undefined. Here, we show that B cell-intrinsic Rag-GTPases are critical for the development and activation of B cells. RagA/RagB deficient B cells fail to form GCs, produce antibodies, and generate plasmablasts in both T-dependent (TD) and T-independent (TI) humoral immune responses. Deletion of RagA/RagB in GC B cells leads to abnormal dark zone (DZ) to light zone (LZ) ratio and reduced affinity maturation. Mechanistically, the Rag-GTPase complex constrains TFEB/TFE3 activity to prevent mitophagy dysregulation and maintain mitochondrial fitness in B cells, which are independent of canonical mTORC1 activation. TFEB/TFE3 deletion restores B cell development, GC formation in Peyer's patches and TI humoral immunity, but not TD humoral immunity in the absence of Rag-GTPases. Collectively, our data establish Rag-GTPase-TFEB/TFE3 pathway as an mTORC1 independent mechanism to coordinating nutrient sensing and mitochondrial metabolism in B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xian Zhou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jens O Watzlawik
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yin Maggie Chen
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ariel L Raybuck
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Molecular Pathogenesis Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | | | - Wolfdieter Springer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mark R Boothby
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Molecular Pathogenesis Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hu Zeng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mu DP, Scharer CD, Kaminski NE, Zhang Q. A Multiscale Spatial Modeling Framework for the Germinal Center Response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.26.577491. [PMID: 38501122 PMCID: PMC10945589 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The germinal center response or reaction (GCR) is a hallmark event of adaptive humoral immunity. Unfolding in the B cell follicles of the secondary lymph organs, a GC culminates in the production of high-affinity antibody-secreting plasma cells along with memory B cells. By interacting with follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, GC B cells exhibit complex spatiotemporal dynamics. Driving the B cell dynamics are the intracellular signal transduction and gene regulatory network that responds to cell surface signaling molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. As our knowledge of the GC continues to expand in depth and in scope, mathematical modeling has become an important tool to help disentangle the intricacy of the GCR and inform novel mechanistic and clinical insights. While the GC has been modeled at different granularities, a multiscale spatial simulation framework - integrating molecular, cellular, and tissue-level responses - is still rare. Here, we report our recent progress toward this end with a hybrid stochastic GC framework developed on the Cellular Potts Model-based CompuCell3D platform. Tellurium is used to simulate the B cell intracellular molecular network comprising NF-κB, FOXO1, MYC, AP4, CXCR4, and BLIMP1 that responds to B cell receptor (BCR) and CD40-mediated signaling. The molecular outputs of the network drive the spatiotemporal behaviors of B cells, including cyclic migration between the dark zone (DZ) and light zone (LZ) via chemotaxis; clonal proliferative bursts, somatic hypermutation, and DNA damage-induced apoptosis in the DZ; and positive selection, apoptosis via a death timer, and emergence of plasma cells in the LZ. Our simulations are able to recapitulate key molecular, cellular, and morphological GC events including B cell population growth, affinity maturation, and clonal dominance. This novel modeling framework provides an open-source, customizable, and multiscale virtual GC simulation platform that enables qualitative and quantitative in silico investigations of a range of mechanic and applied research questions in future.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang J, Ren H, Zhu Q, Kong X, Zhang F, Wang C, Wang Y, Yang G, Zhang F. Comparative analysis of the immune responses of CcIgZ3 in mucosal tissues and the co-expression of CcIgZ3 and PCNA in the gills of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in response to TNP-LPS. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:15. [PMID: 38184593 PMCID: PMC10770913 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Fish live in an aquatic environment rich in various microorganisms and pathogens. Fish mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) plays a very important role in immune defence. This study was conducted to characterize the immune response mediated by CcIgZ3 in common carp (Cyprinus carpio.) and investigate the proliferating CcIgZ3+ B lymphocytes in gill. We determined the expression of CcIgZ3 in many different tissues of common carp following stimulation by intraperitoneal injection of TNP-LPS (2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl hapten conjugated to lipopolysaccharide) or TNP-KLH (2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl hapten conjugated to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin). Compared with TNP-KLH, TNP-LPS can induce greater CcIgZ3 expression in the head kidney, gill and hindgut, especially in the gill. The results indicate that the gill is one of the main sites involved in the immune response mediated by CcIgZ3. To examine the distribution of CcIgZ3+ B lymphocytes, immunohistochemistry (IHC) experiments were performed using a polyclonal antibody against CcIgZ3. The results indicated that CcIgZ3 was detected in the head kidney, hindgut and gill. To further examine whether CcIgZ3+ B lymphocytes proliferate in the gills, proliferating CcIgZ3+ B cells were analysed by immunofluorescence staining using an anti-CcIgZ3 polyclonal antibody and an anti-PCNA monoclonal antibody. CcIgZ3 and PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen) double-labelled cells in the gills were located within the epithelial cells of the gill filaments of common carp stimulated with TNP-LPS at 3 dps and 7 dps, and relatively more proliferating CcIgZ3+ B cells appeared in the gills of common carp at 7 dps. These data imply that CcIgZ3+ B cells in the gills might be produced by local proliferation following TNP-LPS stimulation. In summary, compared with those in TNP-KLH, CcIgZ3 preferentially affects the gills of common carp following challenge with TNP-LPS. CcIgZ3+ B cells proliferate in the gills to quickly produce the CcIgZ3 antibody. In addition, CcIgZ3+ B cells can be activated to induce a strong immune response very early locally in the gill and produce the antibody CcIgZ3, which helps exert an immune-protective effect. These results suggest that an effective vaccine can be designed to promote production of the mucosal antibody CcIgZ3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Haoyue Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Qiannan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
| | - Fumiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shimizu T, Lila ASA, Kitayama Y, Abe R, Takata H, Ando H, Ishima Y, Ishida T. Peritoneal B Cells Play a Role in the Production of Anti-polyethylene Glycol (PEG) IgM against Intravenously Injected siRNA-PEGylated Liposome Complexes. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:469-477. [PMID: 38383000 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified (PEGylated) cationic liposomes are frequently used as delivery vehicles for small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based drugs because of their ability to encapsulate/complex with siRNA and prolong the circulation half-life in vivo. Nevertheless, we have reported that subsequent intravenous (IV) injections of siRNA complexed with PEGylated cationic liposomes (PLpx) induces the production of anti-PEG immunoglobulin M (IgM), which accelerates the blood clearance of subsequent doses of PLpx and other PEGylated products. In this study, it is interesting that splenectomy (removal of spleen) did not prevent anti-PEG IgM induction by IV injection of PLpx. This indicates that B cells other than the splenic version are involved in anti-PEG IgM production under these conditions. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that peritoneal cells also secrete anti-PEG IgM in response to the administration of PLpx. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a glycoprotein that is secreted by peritoneal immune cells and has been detected in response to the in vivo administration of PLpx. These observations indicate that IV injection of PLpx stimulates the proliferation/differentiation of peritoneal PEG-specific B cells into plasma cells via IL-6 induction, which results in the production of anti-PEG IgM from the peritoneal cavity of mice. Our results suggest the mutual contribution of peritoneal B cells as a potent anti-PEG immune response against PLpx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Amr S Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Hail University
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University
| | - Yuka Kitayama
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Ryo Abe
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Haruka Takata
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Azarias Da Silva M, Nioche P, Soudaramourty C, Bull-Maurer A, Tiouajni M, Kong D, Zghidi-Abouzid O, Picard M, Mendes-Frias A, Santa-Cruz A, Carvalho A, Capela C, Pedrosa J, Castro AG, Loubet P, Sotto A, Muller L, Lefrant JY, Roger C, Claret PG, Duvnjak S, Tran TA, Tokunaga K, Silvestre R, Corbeau P, Mammano F, Estaquier J. Repetitive mRNA vaccination is required to improve the quality of broad-spectrum anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the absence of CXCL13. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg2122. [PMID: 37540749 PMCID: PMC10403221 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the initial spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, several viral variants have emerged and represent a major challenge for immune control, particularly in the context of vaccination. We evaluated the quantity, quality, and persistence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA in individuals who received two or three doses of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, compared with previously infected vaccinated individuals. We show that three doses of mRNA vaccine were required to match the humoral responses of preinfected vaccinees. Given the importance of antibody-dependent cell-mediated immunity against viral infections, we also measured the capacity of IgG to recognize spike variants expressed on the cell surface and found that cross-reactivity was also strongly improved by repeated vaccination. Last, we report low levels of CXCL13, a surrogate marker of germinal center activation and formation, in vaccinees both after two and three doses compared with preinfected individuals, providing a potential explanation for the short duration and low quality of Ig induced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Nioche
- INSERM-U1124, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Structural and Molecular Analysis Platform, BioMedTech Facilities INSERM US36-CNRS UMS2009, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Mounira Tiouajni
- INSERM-U1124, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Structural and Molecular Analysis Platform, BioMedTech Facilities INSERM US36-CNRS UMS2009, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dechuan Kong
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Ana Mendes-Frias
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - André Santa-Cruz
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carlos Capela
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jorge Pedrosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António Gil Castro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Paul Loubet
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Albert Sotto
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Laurent Muller
- Service de Réanimation Chirugicale, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | | | - Claire Roger
- Service de Réanimation Chirugicale, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | | | - Sandra Duvnjak
- Service de Gérontologie et Prévention du Vieillissement, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Tu-Anh Tran
- Service de Pédiatrie, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Kenzo Tokunaga
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ricardo Silvestre
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pierre Corbeau
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR9002 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Fabrizio Mammano
- INSERM-U1124, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université de Tours, INSERM, UMR1259 MAVIVH, Tours, France
| | - Jérôme Estaquier
- INSERM-U1124, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Takemoto Y, Tanimine N, Yoshinaka H, Tanaka Y, Takafuta T, Sugiyama A, Tanaka J, Ohdan H. Multi-phasic gene profiling using candidate gene approach predict the capacity of specific antibody production and maintenance following COVID-19 vaccination in Japanese population. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1217206. [PMID: 37564647 PMCID: PMC10411726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1217206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 is highly effective in preventing infection and reducing the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, acquired humoral immunity wanes within six months. Focusing on the different tempo of acquisition and attenuation of specific antibody titers in individuals, we investigated the impact of genetic polymorphisms on antibody production after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods In total 236 healthcare workers from a Japanese municipal hospital, who received two doses of the vaccine were recruited. We employed a candidate gene approach to identify the target genetic polymorphisms affecting antibody production after vaccination. DNA samples from the study populations were genotyped for 33 polymorphisms in 15 distinct candidate genes encoding proteins involved in antigen-presenting cell activation, T cell activation, T-B interaction, and B cell survival. We measured total anti-SARS-Cov2 spike IgG antibody titers and analyzed the association with genetic polymorphisms at several time points after vaccination using an unbiased statistical method, and stepwise logistic regression following multivariate regression. Results Significant associations were observed between seven SNPs in NLRP3, OAS1, IL12B, CTLA4, and IL4, and antibody titers at 3 weeks after the first vaccination as an initial response. Six SNPs in NLRP3, TNF, OAS1, IL12B, and CTLA4 were associated with high responders with serum antibody titer > 4000 BAU/ml as boosting effect at 3 weeks after the second vaccination. Analysis of long-term maintenance showed the significance of the three SNPs in IL12B, IL7R, and MIF for the maintenance of antibody titers and that in BAFF for attenuation of neutralizing antibodies. Finally, we proposed a predictive model composed of gene profiles to identify the individuals with rapid antibody attenuation by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis (area under the curve (AUC)= 0.76, sensitivity = 82.5%, specificity=67.8%). Conclusions The candidate gene approach successfully showed shifting responsible gene profiles and initial and boosting effect mainly related to the priming phase into antibody maintenance including B cell survival, which traces the phase of immune reactions. These gene profiles provide valuable information for further investigation of humoral immunity against COVID-19 and for building a strategy for personalized vaccine schedules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takemoto
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanimine
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Yoshinaka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiro Takafuta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima City Funairi Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Aya Sugiyama
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bertrand Y, Sánchez-Montalvo A, Hox V, Froidure A, Pilette C. IgA-producing B cells in lung homeostasis and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1117749. [PMID: 36936934 PMCID: PMC10014553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant Ig in mucosae where it plays key roles in host defense against pathogens and in mucosal immunoregulation. Whereas intense research has established the different roles of secretory IgA in the gut, its function has been much less studied in the lung. This review will first summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge on the distribution and phenotype of IgA+ B cells in the human lung in both homeostasis and disease. Second, it will analyze the studies looking at cellular and molecular mechanisms of homing and priming of IgA+ B cells in the lung, notably following immunization. Lastly, published data on observations related to IgA and IgA+ B cells in lung and airway disease such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or chronic rhinosinusitis, will be discussed. Collectively it provides the state-of-the-art of our current understanding of the biology of IgA-producing cells in the airways and identifies gaps that future research should address in order to improve mucosal protection against lung infections and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youri Bertrand
- Centre de Pneumologie, Otorhinolaryngologie (ORL) et Dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alba Sánchez-Montalvo
- Centre de Pneumologie, Otorhinolaryngologie (ORL) et Dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Katholieke universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valérie Hox
- Centre de Pneumologie, Otorhinolaryngologie (ORL) et Dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antoine Froidure
- Centre de Pneumologie, Otorhinolaryngologie (ORL) et Dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Service de Pneumologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Centre de Pneumologie, Otorhinolaryngologie (ORL) et Dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Service de Pneumologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Charles Pilette,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zoghi S, Masoumi F, Rezaei N. The immune system. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
12
|
Shinton SA, Brill-Dashoff J, Hayakawa K. Pla2g2a promotes innate Th2-type immunity lymphocytes to increase B1a cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14899. [PMID: 36050343 PMCID: PMC9437038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborns require early generation of effective innate immunity as a primary physiological mechanism for survival. The neonatal Lin28+Let7– developmental pathway allows increased generation of Th2-type cells and B1a (B-1 B) cells compared to adult cells and long-term maintenance of these initially generated innate cells. For initial B1a cell growth from the neonatal to adult stage, Th2-type IL-5 production from ILC2s and NKT2 cells is important to increase B1a cells. The Th17 increase is dependent on extracellular bacteria, and increased bacteria leads to lower Th2-type generation. Secreted group IIA-phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) from the Pla2g2a gene can bind to gram-positive bacteria and degrade bacterial membranes, controlling microbiota in the intestine. BALB/c mice are Pla2g2a+, and express high numbers of Th2-type cells and B1a cells. C57BL/6 mice are Pla2g2a-deficient and distinct from the SLAM family, and exhibit fewer NKT2 cells and fewer B1a cells from the neonatal to adult stage. We found that loss of Pla2g2a in the BALB/c background decreased IL-5 from Th2-type ILC2s and NKT2s but increased bacterial-reactive NKT17 cells and MAIT cells, and decreased the number of early-generated B1a cells and MZ B cells and the CD4/CD8 T cell ratio. Low IL-5 by decreased Th2-type cells in Pla2g2a loss led to low early-generated B1a cell growth from the neonatal to adult stage. In anti-thymocyte/Thy-1 autoreactive μκ transgenic (ATAμκ Tg) Pla2g2a+ BALB/c background C.B17 mice generated NKT2 cells that continuously control CD1d+ B1 B cells through old aging and lost CD1d in B1 B cells generating strong B1 ATA B cell leukemia/lymphoma. Pla2g2a-deficient ATAμκTg C57BL/6 mice suppressed the initial B1a cell increase, with low/negative spontaneous leukemia/lymphoma generation. These data confirmed that the presence of Pla2g2a to control bacteria is important to allow the neonatal to adult stage. Pla2g2a promotes innate Th2-type immunity lymphocytes to increase early generated B1a cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Shinton
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | | | - Kyoko Hayakawa
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Erlandsson MC, Erdogan S, Wasén C, Andersson KME, Silfverswärd ST, Pullerits R, Bemark M, Bokarewa MI. IGF1R signalling is a guardian of self-tolerance restricting autoantibody production. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958206. [PMID: 36105797 PMCID: PMC9464816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) acts at the crossroad between immunity and cancer, being an attractive therapeutic target in these areas. IGF1R is broadly expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APC). Using mice immunised with the methylated albumin from bovine serum (BSA-immunised mice) and human CD14+ APCs, we investigated the role that IGF1R plays during adaptive immune responses. Methods The mBSA-immunised mice were treated with synthetic inhibitor NT157 or short hairpin RNA to inhibit IGF1R signalling, and spleens were analysed by immunohistology and flow cytometry. The levels of autoantibody and cytokine production were measured by microarray or conventional ELISA. The transcriptional profile of CD14+ cells from blood of 55 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was analysed with RNA-sequencing. Results Inhibition of IGF1R resulted in perifollicular infiltration of functionally compromised S256-phosphorylated FoxO1+ APCs, and an increased frequency of IgM+CD21+ B cells, which enlarged the marginal zone (MZ). Enlargement of MHCII+CD11b+ APCs ensured favourable conditions for their communication with IgM+ B cells in the MZ. The reduced expression of ICOSL and CXCR5 by APCs after IGF1R inhibition led to impaired T cell control, which resulted in autoreactivity of extra-follicular B cells and autoantibody production. In the clinical setting, the low expression of IGF1R on CD14+ APCs was associated with an involuted FOXO pathway, non-inflammatory cell metabolism and a high IL10 production characteristic for tolerogenic macrophages. Furthermore, autoantibody positivity was associated with low IGF1R signalling in CD14+ APCs. Conclusions In experimental model and in patient material, this study demonstrates that IGF1R plays an important role in preventing autoimmunity. The study raises awareness of that immune tolerance may be broken during therapeutic IGF1R targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malin C. Erlandsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Rheumatology Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Seval Erdogan
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caroline Wasén
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin M. E. Andersson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia T. Silfverswärd
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rille Pullerits
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Bemark
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria I. Bokarewa
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Rheumatology Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Maria I. Bokarewa,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Choi SC, Li W, Zhang X, Kanda N, Zeumer-Spataro L, Teng X, Morel L. Pharmacologically Inferred Glycolysis and Glutaminolysis Requirement of B Cells in Lupus-Prone Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2098-2108. [PMID: 35387839 PMCID: PMC9050845 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown an enhanced metabolism in the CD4+ T cells of lupus patients and lupus-prone mice. Little is known about the metabolism of B cells in lupus. In this study, we compared the metabolism of B cells between lupus-prone B6.Sle1.Sle2.Sle3 triple-congenic mice and C57BL/6 controls at steady state relative to autoantibody production, as well as during T cell-dependent (TD) and T cell-independent (TI) immunizations. Starting before the onset of autoimmunity, B cells from triple-congenic mice showed an elevated glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, which were normalized in vivo by inhibiting glycolysis with a 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) treatment. 2DG greatly reduced the production of TI-Ag-specific Abs, but showed minimal effect with TD-Ags. In contrast, the inhibition of glutaminolysis with 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine had a greater effect on TD than TI-Ag-specific Abs in both strains. Analysis of the TI and TD responses in purified B cells in vitro suggests, however, that the glutaminolysis requirement is not B cell-intrinsic. Thus, B cells have a greater requirement for glycolysis in TI than TD responses, as inferred from pharmacological interventions. B cells from lupus-prone and control mice have different intrinsic metabolic requirements or different responses toward 2DG and 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine, which mirrors our previous results obtained with follicular Th cells. Overall, these results predict that targeting glucose metabolism may provide an effective therapeutic approach for systemic autoimmunity by eliminating both autoreactive follicular Th and B cells, although it may also impair TI responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Chul Choi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Nathalie Kanda
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Leilani Zeumer-Spataro
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Xiangyu Teng
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sánchez Montalvo A, Gohy S, Rombaux P, Pilette C, Hox V. The Role of IgA in Chronic Upper Airway Disease: Friend or Foe? FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:852546. [PMID: 35386640 PMCID: PMC8974816 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.852546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic upper airway inflammation is amongst the most prevalent chronic disease entities in the Western world with prevalence around 30% (rhinitis) and 11% (rhinosinusitis). Chronic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis may severely impair the quality of life, leading to a significant socio-economic burden. It becomes more and more clear that the respiratory mucosa which forms a physiological as well as chemical barrier for inhaled particles, plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis and driving disease. In a healthy state, the mucosal immune system provides protection against pathogens as well as maintains a tolerance toward non-harmful commensal microbes and benign environmental substances such as allergens. One of the most important players of the mucosal immune system is immunoglobulin (Ig) A, which is well-studied in gut research where it has emerged as a key factor in creating tolerance to potential food allergens and maintaining a healthy microbiome. Although, it is very likely that IgA plays a similar role at the level of the respiratory epithelium, very little research has been performed on the role of this protein in the airways, especially in chronic upper airway diseases. This review summarizes what is known about IgA in upper airway homeostasis, as well as in rhinitis and rhinosinusitis, including current and possible new treatments that may interfere with the IgA system. By doing so, we identify unmet needs in exploring the different roles of IgA in the upper airways required to find new biomarkers or therapeutic options for treating chronic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Sánchez Montalvo
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Gohy
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Rombaux
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valérie Hox
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Valérie Hox
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fleming A, Castro‐Dopico T, Clatworthy MR. B cell class switching in intestinal immunity in health and disease. Scand J Immunol 2022; 95:e13139. [PMID: 34978077 PMCID: PMC9285483 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of commensal microorganisms that collectively form the microbiome and make essential contributions to organism homeostasis. The intestinal immune system must tolerate these beneficial commensals, whilst preventing pathogenic organisms from systemic spread. Humoral immunity plays a key role in this process, with large quantities of immunoglobulin (Ig)A secreted into the lumen on a daily basis, regulating the microbiome and preventing bacteria from encroaching on the epithelium. However, there is an increasing appreciation of the role of IgG antibodies in intestinal immunity, including beneficial effects in neonatal immune development, pathogen and tumour resistance, but also of pathological effects in driving chronic inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These antibody isotypes differ in effector function, with IgG exhibiting more proinflammatory capabilities compared with IgA. Therefore, the process that leads to the generation of different antibody isotypes, class-switch recombination (CSR), requires careful regulation and is orchestrated by the immunological cues generated by the prevalent local challenge. In general, an initiating signal such as CD40 ligation on B cells leads to the induction of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), but a second cytokine-mediated signal determines which Ig heavy chain is expressed. Whilst the cytokines driving intestinal IgA responses are well-studied, there is less clarity on how IgG responses are generated in the intestine, and how these cues might become dysfunctional in IBD. Here, we review the key mechanisms regulating class switching to IgA vs IgG in the intestine, processes that could be therapeutically manipulated in infection and IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Fleming
- Molecular Immunity UnitDepartment of MedicineCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Tomas Castro‐Dopico
- Molecular Immunity UnitDepartment of MedicineCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity UnitDepartment of MedicineCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cellular GeneticsWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonUK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeUK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen Z, Gao X, Yu D. Longevity of vaccine protection: Immunological mechanism, assessment methods, and improving strategy. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhian Chen
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - Di Yu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research Australian National University Canberra Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Eldridge DE, Hsu CC. Antibody Production Remains Intact Despite Loss of Bone Marrow B cells in Murine Norovirus Infected Stat1-/- Mice. Comp Med 2021; 71:502-511. [PMID: 34794531 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-21-000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Murine norovirus (MNV), which can be used as a model system to study human noroviruses, can infect macrophages/monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic, intestinal epithelial, T and B cells, and is highly prevalent in laboratory mice. We previouslyshowed that MNV infection significantly reduces bone marrow B cell populations in a Stat1-dependent manner. We show here that while MNV-infected Stat1-/- mice have significant losses of bone marrow B cells, splenic B cells capable of mounting an antibody response to novel antigens retain the ability to expand. We also investigated whether increased granulopoiesis after MNV infection was causing B cell loss. We found that administration of anti-G-CSF antibody inhibits the pronounced bone marrow granulopoiesis induced by MNV infection of Stat1-/- mice, but this inhibition did not rescue bone marrow B cell losses. Therefore, MNV-infected Stat1-/- mice can still mount a robust humoral immune response despite decreased bone marrow B cells. This suggests that further investigation will be needed to identify other indirect factors or mechanisms that are responsible for the bone marrow B cell losses seen after MNV infection. In addition, this work contributes to our understanding of the potential physiologic effects of Stat1-related disruptions in research mouse colonies that may be endemically infected with MNV.
Collapse
|
19
|
Feng C, Li L, Zhou L, Li D, Liu M, Han S, Zheng B. Critical roles of the E3 ubiquitin ligase FBW7 in B-cell response and the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune arthritis. Immunology 2021; 164:617-636. [PMID: 34351636 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of B-cell function is essential for effective humoral immunity and maintenance of immune tolerance. Here, we found that FBW7 (F-box/WD40 repeat-containing protein 7) is highly expressed in germinal centre B and B1 cells, and confirmed that it has an intrinsic role in maintaining homeostasis of mature B cells and B-1 cells. FBW7 deletion led to an impairment of antibody response, and although germinal centre formation was not affected, antibody class-switch recombination and affinity maturation processes were defective. Likewise, memory immune response was severely impaired. Moreover, FBW7 ablation ameliorated the pathogenesis of an autoimmune disease model, collagen-induced arthritis, by reducing the production of anti-collagen II autoantibodies. Taken together, these data suggest that FBW7 may be an attractive target for developing new therapeutics for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhua Han
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Biao Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Qelliny MR, Shimizu T, Elsadek NE, Emam SE, Takata H, Fathalla ZMA, Hussein AK, Khaled KA, Ando H, Ishima Y, Ishida T. Incorporating Gangliosides into PEGylated Cationic Liposomes that Complexed DNA Attenuates Anti-PEG Antibody Production but Not Anti-DNA Antibody Production in Mice. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2406-2415. [PMID: 33896187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides (glycosphingolipids) reduce antibody production by inhibiting B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling. We have shown that a copresentation of gangliosides and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the same liposomes suppresses anti-PEG IgM production in mice. In addition, we recently observed that pDNA incorporated in PEGylated cationic liposomes (PCLs) induces anti-DNA IgM, which could be a hurdle to the development of efficient gene delivery systems. Therefore, the focus of this study was to determine if the copresentation of gangliosides and DNA on the same PCL would suppress antibody production against DNA. PCLs including DNA induced both anti-PEG IgM production and anti-DNA IgM production. The extent of anti-PEG and anti-DNA IgM production was likely dependent on the immunogenicity of the complexed DNA. Treatment of clodronate-containing liposomes, which causes a depletion of phagocytic cells, suppressed anti-PEG IgM production from PCLs that did not include DNA but failed to suppress anti-PEG IgM production from PCLs that complexed DNA (PCLD). Both anti-PEG IgM and anti-DNA IgM was induced in T-cell-deficient nude mice as well as in normal mice following treatment with PCLs and PCLD, respectively. These results indicate that phagocytic cells contribute to anti-PEG IgM production but not to anti-DNA IgM production, while T-cells do not contribute to any form of antibody production. The copresentation of gangliosides and DNA significantly reduced anti-PEG IgM production but unfortunately did not reduce anti-DNA IgM production. It appears that the immunosuppressive effect of gangliosides, presumably via the CD22 signaling pathway, is limited only to anti-PEG immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Reda Qelliny
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Taro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Nehal E Elsadek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Sherif E Emam
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Haruka Takata
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Zeinab M A Fathalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Amal K Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Khaled
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bertoletti A, Tan AT, Le Bert N. The T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2: kinetic and quantitative aspects and the case for their protective role. OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:iqab006. [PMID: 38626271 PMCID: PMC7928654 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19), triggers an adaptive immunity in the infected host that results in the production of virus-specific antibodies and T cells. Although kinetic and quantitative aspects of antibodies have been analyzed in large patient cohorts, similar information about SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells are scarce. We summarize the available knowledge of quantitative and temporal features of the SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response in this review. Currently, most of the data are derived only from the analysis of the circulatory compartment. Despite this limitation, early appearance, multi-specificity and functionality of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells are associated with accelerated viral clearance and with protection from severe COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bertoletti
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Anthony T Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Nina Le Bert
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Munroe ME, Anderson JR, Gross TF, Stunz LL, Bishop GA, James JA. Epstein-Barr Functional Mimicry: Pathogenicity of Oncogenic Latent Membrane Protein-1 in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2021; 11:606936. [PMID: 33613527 PMCID: PMC7886997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases are propelled by immune dysregulation and pathogenic, disease-specific autoantibodies. Autoimmunity against the lupus autoantigen Sm is associated with cross-reactivity to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1). Additionally, EBV latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1), initially noted for its oncogenic activity, is an aberrantly active functional mimic of the B cell co-stimulatory molecule CD40. Mice expressing a transgene (Tg) for the mCD40-LMP1 hybrid molecule (containing the cytoplasmic tail of LMP1) have mild autoantibody production and other features of immune dysregulation by 2-3 months of age, but no overt autoimmune disease. This study evaluates whether exposure to the EBV molecular mimic, EBNA-1, stimulates antigen-specific and concurrently-reactive humoral and cellular immunity, as well as lupus-like features. After immunization with EBNA-1, mCD40-LMP1 Tg mice exhibited enhanced, antigen-specific, cellular and humoral responses compared to immunized WT congenic mice. EBNA-1 specific proliferative and inflammatory cytokine responses, including IL-17 and IFN-γ, were significantly increased (p<0.0001) in mCD40-LMP1 Tg mice, as well as antibody responses to amino- and carboxy-domains of EBNA-1. Of particular interest was the ability of mCD40-LMP1 to drive EBNA-1 associated molecular mimicry with the lupus-associated autoantigen, Sm. EBNA-1 immunized mCD40-LMP1 Tg mice exhibited enhanced proliferative and cytokine cellular responses (p<0.0001) to the EBNA-1 homologous epitope PPPGRRP and the Sm B/B' cross-reactive sequence PPPGMRPP. When immunized with the SLE autoantigen Sm, mCD40-LMP1 Tg mice again exhibited enhanced cellular and humoral immune responses to both Sm and EBNA-1. Cellular immune dysregulation with EBNA-1 immunization in mCD40-LMP1 Tg mice was accompanied by enhanced splenomegaly, increased serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, and elevated anti-dsDNA and antinuclear antibody (ANA) levels (p<0.0001 compared to mCD40 WT mice). However, no evidence of immune-complex glomerulonephritis pathology was noted, suggesting that a combination of EBV and genetic factors may be required to drive lupus-associated renal disease. These data support that the expression of LMP1 in the context of EBNA-1 may interact to increase immune dysregulation that leads to pathogenic, autoantigen-specific lupus inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E. Munroe
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jourdan R. Anderson
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Timothy F. Gross
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Laura L. Stunz
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Gail A. Bishop
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Judith A. James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Flores MS, Obregón-Cardenas A, Rangel R, Tamez E, Flores A, Trejo-Avila L, Quintero I, Arévalo K, Maldonado MG, Gandarilla FL, Galán L. Glycan moieties in Entamoeba histolytica ubiquitin are immunodominant. Parasite Immunol 2020; 43:e12812. [PMID: 33270232 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a central role performing several functions to maintain parasite homeostasis. We have reported the partial characterization of N-linked glycosylation profile in E. histolytica ubiquitin (EhUb). Here we examined the immunogenicity and antigenicity of carbohydrates in EhUbiquitin. Rabbits were immunized with purified EhUbiquitin or purified recombinant rUb expressed by E. coli. Using Western Blot, we explored the immunogenicity and antigenicity of protein portion and carbohydrates moiety. Interestingly, immunized rabbits produced antibodies to both Ub glycoprotein and rUb; but antibodies against carbohydrates were immunodominant, rather than antibodies to the protein moiety of EhUbiquitin. In addition, we observed that antibodies to protein moiety are not conserved in serum unless antigen is continually administrated. Conversely, anti-Ub glycoprotein antibodies are well maintained in circulation. In humans, infection with Entamoeba histolytica induces strong IgG anti-Ub response. The human antibodies recognize both, the protein moieties and the glycosylated structure. Entamoeba histolytica ubiquitin is immunogenic and antigenic. The glycan moieties are immunodominant and induces IgG. These data open the door to use carbohydrates as potential targets for diagnose tests, drugs and vaccine to prevent this parasitic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María S Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnología. San Nicolás de los Garza, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, México
| | - Adriana Obregón-Cardenas
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnología. San Nicolás de los Garza, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, México
| | - Roberto Rangel
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnología. San Nicolás de los Garza, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, México
| | - Eva Tamez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnología. San Nicolás de los Garza, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, México
| | - Andrés Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnología. San Nicolás de los Garza, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, México
| | - Laura Trejo-Avila
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnología. San Nicolás de los Garza, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, México
| | - Isela Quintero
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnología. San Nicolás de los Garza, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, México
| | - Katiushka Arévalo
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnología. San Nicolás de los Garza, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, México
| | - María G Maldonado
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnología. San Nicolás de los Garza, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, México
| | - Fátima L Gandarilla
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnología. San Nicolás de los Garza, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, México
| | - Luis Galán
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnología. San Nicolás de los Garza, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, México
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Casciola-Rosen L, Thiemann DR, Andrade F, Trejo Zambrano MI, Hooper JE, Leonard EK, Spangler JB, Cox AL, Machamer CE, Sauer L, Laeyendecker O, Garibaldi BT, Ray SC, Mecoli CA, Christopher-Stine L, Gutierrez-Alamillo L, Yang Q, Hines D, Clarke WA, Rothman R, Pekosz A, Fenstermacher KJ, Wang Z, Zeger SL, Rosen A. IgM autoantibodies recognizing ACE2 are associated with severe COVID-19. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.10.13.20211664. [PMID: 33083808 PMCID: PMC7574257 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.13.20211664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces severe disease in a subpopulation of patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We demonstrate robust IgM autoantibodies that recognize angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) in 18/66 (27%) patients with severe COVID-19, which are rare (2/52; 3.8%) in hospitalized patients who are not ventilated. The antibodies do not undergo class-switching to IgG, suggesting a T-independent antibody response. Purified IgM from anti-ACE2 patients activates complement. Pathological analysis of lung obtained at autopsy shows endothelial cell staining for IgM in blood vessels in some patients. We propose that vascular endothelial ACE2 expression focuses the pathogenic effects of these autoantibodies on blood vessels, and contributes to the angiocentric pathology observed in some severe COVID-19 patients. These findings may have predictive and therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Casciola-Rosen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David R. Thiemann
- Department of Medicine, Divisioin of Cardiology, Jhohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maria Isabel Trejo Zambrano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jody E. Hooper
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elissa K. Leonard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jamie B. Spangler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrea L. Cox
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carolyn E. Machamer
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lauren Sauer
- Johns Hopkins Hospital, Adult Emergency Department, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Oliver Laeyendecker
- Division of Intramural Medicine, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brian T. Garibaldi
- Johns Hopkins Biocontainment Unit, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stuart C. Ray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher A. Mecoli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lisa Christopher-Stine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura Gutierrez-Alamillo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qingyuan Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Hines
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William A. Clarke
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard Rothman
- Johns Hopkins Hospital, Adult Emergency Department, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Katherine J. Fenstermacher
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zitong Wang
- Department of Bioistatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Scott L. Zeger
- Department of Bioistatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Antony Rosen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wei Z, Zhang Y, Chen J, Hu Y, Jia P, Wang X, Zhao Q, Deng Y, Li N, Zang Y, Qin J, Wang X, Lu W. Pathogenic CARD11 mutations affect B cell development and differentiation through a noncanonical pathway. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/41/eaaw5618. [PMID: 31784498 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaw5618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic CARD11 mutations cause aberrant nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation, which is presumably responsible for multiple immunological disorders. However, whether there is an NF-κB-independent regulatory mechanism contributing to CARD11 mutations related to pathogenesis remains undefined. Using three distinct genetic mouse models, the Card11 knockout (KO) mouse model mimicking primary immunodeficiency, the CARD11 E134G point mutation mouse model representing BENTA (B cell expansion with NF-κB and T cell anergy) disease, and the mouse model bearing oncogenic K215M mutation, we show that CARD11 has a noncanonical function as a negative regulator of the AKT-FOXO1 signal axis, independent of NF-κB activation. Although BENTA disease-related E134G mutant elevates NF-κB activation, we find that E134G mutant mice phenotypically copy Card11 KO mice, in which NF-κB activation is disrupted. Mechanistically, the E134G mutant causes exacerbated AKT activation and reduced FOXO1 protein in B cells similar to that in Card11 KO cells. Moreover, the oncogenic CARD11 mutant K215M reinforces the importance of the noncanonical function of CARD11. In contrast to the E134G mutant, K215M shows a stronger inhibitory effect on AKT activation and more stabilized FOXO1. Likewise, E134G and K215M mutants have converse impacts on B cell development and differentiation. Our results demonstrate that, besides NF-κB, CARD11 also governs the AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway in B cells. The critical role of CARD11 is further revealed by the effects of pathogenic CARD11 mutants on this noncanonical regulatory function on the AKT-FOXO1 signaling axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Immunotherapy, Institute of Human Virology (IHV), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmain Road, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yicong Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmain Road, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Wei Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sádaba MC, Rothhammer V, Muñoz Ú, Sebal C, Escudero E, Kivisäkk P, Garcia Sanchez MI, Izquierdo G, Hauser SL, Baranzini SE, Oksenberg JR, Álvarez-Lafuente R, Bakshi R, Weiner HL, Quintana FJ. Serum antibodies to phosphatidylcholine in MS. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2020; 7:e765. [PMID: 32518205 PMCID: PMC7309529 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the value of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies reactive with phosphatidylcholine (PC) and lactosylceramide (LC) as biomarkers in MS. METHODS We developed an ultrasensitive ELISA technique to analyze serum IgG and IgM antibodies to LC and PC, which we used to analyze samples from 362 patients with MS, 10 patients with non-MS myelin diseases (Non-MSMYDs), 11 patients with nonmyelin neurologic diseases (Non-MYNDs), and 80 controls. MS serum samples included clinically isolated syndrome (CIS, n = 17), relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS, n = 62), secondary progressive MS (SPMS, n = 50), primary progressive MS (PPMS, n = 37), and benign MS (BENMS, n = 36). RESULTS We detected higher levels of serum IgM antibodies to PC (IgM-PC) in MS than control samples; patients with CIS and RRMS showed higher IgM-PC levels than patients with SPMS, PPMS, and BENMS and controls. MS and control samples did not differ in serum levels of IgM antibodies reactive with LC, nor in IgG antibodies reactive with LC or PC. CONCLUSIONS Serum IgM-PC antibodies are elevated in patients with MS, particularly during the CIS and RRMS phases of the disease. Thus, serum IgM-PC is a candidate biomarker for early inflammatory stages of MS. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that serum antibodies to PC are elevated in patients with MS. The study is rated Class III because of the case control design and the risk of spectrum bias: antibody levels in patients with MS were compared with healthy controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cruz Sádaba
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA.
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Úrsula Muñoz
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Cristina Sebal
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Esther Escudero
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Pia Kivisäkk
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Maria Isabel Garcia Sanchez
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Guillermo Izquierdo
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Stephen L Hauser
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Sergio E Baranzini
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Jorge R Oksenberg
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Roberto Álvarez-Lafuente
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Rohit Bakshi
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fujimoto K, Uematsu S. Vaccine therapy for dysbiosis-related diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2758-2767. [PMID: 32550752 PMCID: PMC7284185 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i21.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in genomic analysis has resulted in the proposal that the intestinal microbiota is a crucial environmental factor in the development of multifactorial diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases represented by Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Dysregulated gut microbiome contributes to the pathogenesis of such disorders; however, there are few effective treatments for controlling only disease-mediating bacteria. Here, we review current knowledge about the intestinal microbiome in health and disease, and discuss a regulatory strategy using a parenteral vaccine with emulsified curdlan and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, which we have recently developed. Unlike other conventional injectable immunizations, our vaccine contributes to the induction of antigen-specific systemic and mucosal immunity. This vaccine strategy can prevent infectious diseases such as Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, and control metabolic symptoms mediated by intestinal bacteria (e.g. Clostridium ramosum) by induction of high titers of antigen-specific IgA at target mucosal sites. In the future, our vaccination approach could be an effective therapy for common infectious diseases and dysbiosis-related disorders that have been difficult to control so far.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Administration, Mucosal
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/microbiology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/therapy
- Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/microbiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
- Dysbiosis/complications
- Dysbiosis/immunology
- Dysbiosis/microbiology
- Dysbiosis/therapy
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Immunization Schedule
- Immunization, Secondary
- Immunoglobulin A/immunology
- Immunoglobulin A/metabolism
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/microbiology
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/therapy
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology
- Obesity/immunology
- Obesity/microbiology
- Obesity/therapy
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/administration & dosage
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/immunology
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- beta-Glucans/administration & dosage
- beta-Glucans/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Fujimoto
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Division of Metagenome Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Division of Metagenome Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tam A, Tanabe N, Churg A, Wright JL, Hogg JC, Sin DD. Sex differences in lymphoid follicles in COPD airways. Respir Res 2020; 21:46. [PMID: 32033623 PMCID: PMC7006095 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-1311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Female smokers have increased risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with male smokers who have a similar history of cigarette smoke exposure. Tertiary lymphoid follicles are often found in the lungs of patients with severe COPD but sex-related differences have not been previously investigated. We determined the impact of female sex hormones on chronic cigarette smoke-induced expression of lymphoid aggregates in mice with COPD-like pathologies. Methods Lymphoid aggregate counts, total aggregate cross-sectional area and foamy macrophage counts were determined morphometrically in male, female, and ovariectomized mice exposed to air or cigarette smoke for 6 months. B-cell activating factor (BAFF) protein expression and markers of oxidative stress were evaluated in mouse lung tissues by immunofluorescence staining and gene expression analyses. Quantitative histology was performed on lung tissue sections of human COPD lungs to evaluate follicle formation. Results Lymphoid follicle and foamy macrophage counts as well as the total follicle cross-sectional area were differentially increased in lung tissues of female mice compared to male mice, and these differences were abolished by ovariectomy. These lymphoid aggregates were positive for CD45, CD20, CD21 and BAFF expression. Differential increases in Mmp12 and Cxcl2 gene expression correlated with an increase in foamy macrophages in parenchymal tissues of female but not male mice after smoke exposure. Parenchymal tissues from female mice failed to induce antioxidant-related genes in response to smoke exposure, and this effect was restored by ovariectomy. 3-nitrotyrosine, a stable marker of oxidative stress, positively correlated with Mmp12 and Cxcl2 gene expression. Hydrogen peroxide induced BAFF protein in mouse macrophage cell line. In human lung tissues, female smokers with severe COPD demonstrated increased numbers of lymphoid follicles compared with males. Conclusions Chronic smoke exposure increases the risk of lymphoid aggregate formation in female mice compared with male mice, which is mediated female sex hormones and BAFF expression in an oxidative environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Tam
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, & Department of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Naoya Tanabe
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, & Department of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Andrew Churg
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joanne L Wright
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James C Hogg
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, & Department of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, & Department of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hameed R, Mirdan Al-Ibraheemi M, Obayes Al-Khikani F, Hasan N, Salman Almosawey H, Al-Asadi A. The possible role of immunoglobulin A monoclonal antibodies against COVID-19 infection. MATRIX SCIENCE MEDICA 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/mtsm.mtsm_27_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
30
|
Fujimoto K, Uematsu S. Development of prime-boost-type next-generation mucosal vaccines. Int Immunol 2019; 32:597-603. [PMID: 31882997 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our bodies are constantly exposed to a wide variety of pathogenic micro-organisms through mucosal sites. Therefore, effective vaccines that can protect at the mucosa are vital; however, only a few clinically established mucosal vaccines are available. Although conventional injectable vaccines can induce antigen-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and prevent severe infection, it is difficult to efficiently inhibit the invasion of pathogens at mucosal surfaces because of the inadequate ability to induce antigen-specific IgA. Recently, we have developed a parenteral vaccine with emulsified curdlan and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and reported its application. Unlike other conventional injectable vaccines, this immunization contributes to the induction of antigen-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses. Even if antigen-specific IgA at the mucosa disappears, this immunization can induce high-titer IgA after boosting with a small amount of antigen on the target mucosal surface. Indeed, vaccination with Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen effectively prevented lung infection induced by this bacterium. In addition, vaccination with Clostridium ramosum, which is a representative pathobiont associated with obesity and diabetes in humans, reduced obesity in mice colonized with this microorganism. This immunization approach might be an effective treatment for intestinal bacteria-mediated diseases that have been difficult to regulate so far, as well as common infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Fujimoto
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yang MG, Sun L, Han J, Zheng C, Liang H, Zhu J, Jin T. Biological characteristics of transcription factor RelB in different immune cell types: implications for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Mol Brain 2019; 12:115. [PMID: 31881915 PMCID: PMC6935142 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor RelB is a member of the nuclear factror-kappa B (NF-κB) family, which plays a crucial role in mediating immune responses. Plenty of studies have demonstrated that RelB actively contributes to lymphoid organ development, dendritic cells maturation and function and T cells differentiation, as well as B cell development and survival. RelB deficiency may cause a variety of immunological disorders in both mice and humans. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system which involves a board of immune cell populations. Thereby, RelB may exert an impact on MS by modulating the functions of dendritic cells and the differentiation of T cells and B cells. Despite intensive research, the role of RelB in MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, is still unclear. Herein, we give an overview of the biological characters of RelB, summarize the updated knowledge regarding the role of RelB in different cell types that contribute to MS pathogenesis and discuss the potential RelB-targeted therapeutic implications for MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ge Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China.,Present address: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hudong Liang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu M, Chu Y, Liu H, Su Y, Zhang Q, Jiao J, Liu M, Ding J, Liu M, Hu Y, Dai Y, Zhang R, Liu X, Deng Y, Song Y. Accelerated Blood Clearance of Nanoemulsions Modified with PEG-Cholesterol and PEG-Phospholipid Derivatives in Rats: The Effect of PEG-Lipid Linkages and PEG Molecular Weights. Mol Pharm 2019; 17:1059-1070. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yanyi Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Shanghai STA Phamarceutical Product Company Ltd., No. 90, Nandelin Road, Waigaoqiao
Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Yuqing Su
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Benxi Iron and Steel Company Ltd., No. 29 Renmin Road, Pingshan District, Benxi, Liaoning 117000, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000, China
| | - Mingqi Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Junqiang Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yawei Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yueying Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Rongping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xinrong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yihui Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yanzhi Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen Z, Wholey WY, Hassani Najafabadi A, Moon JJ, Grigorova I, Chackerian B, Cheng W. Self-Antigens Displayed on Liposomal Nanoparticles above a Threshold of Epitope Density Elicit Class-Switched Autoreactive Antibodies Independent of T Cell Help. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 204:335-347. [PMID: 31836655 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epitope density has a profound impact on B cell responses to particulate Ags, the molecular mechanisms of which remain to be explored. To dissect the role of epitope density in this process, we have synthesized a series of liposomal particles, similar to the size of viruses, that display a model self-antigen peptide at defined surface densities. Immunization of C57BL/6J mice using these particles elicited both IgM and class-switched IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG3 autoreactive Abs that depended on the epitope density. In C57BL/6 gene knockout mice lacking either functional TCRs or MHC class II molecules on B cells, the liposomal particles also elicited IgM, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG3 responses that were comparable in magnitudes to wild-type mice, suggesting that this B cell response was independent of cognate T cell help. Notably, the titer of the IgG in wild-type animals could be increased by more than 200-fold upon replacement of liposomes with bacteriophage Qβ virus-like particles that displayed the same self-antigen peptide at comparable epitope densities. This enhancement was lost almost completely in gene knockout mice lacking either TCRs or MHC class II molecules on B cells. In conclusion, epitope density above a threshold on particulate Ags can serve as a stand-alone signal to trigger secretion of autoreactive and class-switched IgG in vivo in the absence of cognate T cell help or any adjuvants. The extraordinary immunogenicity of Qβ viral-like particles relies, in large part, on their ability to effectively recruit T cell help after B cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Wei-Yun Wholey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Irina Grigorova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Bryce Chackerian
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131; and
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; .,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The importance of B cell and antibody-mediated immune response in the acute and long-term persistence of transplanted solid organs has become increasingly evident in recent years. A variety of therapeutic innovations target antibodies directed toward HLA or blood groups (ABO) to allow better allocation and posttransplant longevity of organs. Antibodies originate from plasma cells (PCs), which are terminally differentiated B cells. Long-term production and persistence of these antibodies is partly due to fast reactivation of previously generated memory B cells; however, there is increasing evidence that some differentiated PCs can persist independently in the bone marrow for years or even decades, producing specific antibodies or even experiencing regeneration without proliferation without need to be replaced by newly differentiating B cells. This review outlines the currently presumed pathways of differentiation, antibody, and memory generation on both B-cell and PC levels. On this background, current therapeutic concepts for antibody reduction before and after solid organ transplantation are considered, to better understand their mechanisms, possible synergisms, and specific risks. Specific differences in regards to ABO versus HLA antibodies as well as practical relevance for generation of desensitization and posttransplant antibody-directed therapy protocols are discussed.
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang H, Wang L, Chu Y. Reactive oxygen species: The signal regulator of B cell. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 142:16-22. [PMID: 31185253 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are indispensable for determining the fate of immune cells in both physiological and pathogenic environments, thus stimulating the interest of immunologists and clinicians. B cells are essential in maintaining immune homeostasis, and studies have indicated that ROS affect the maturation, activation and differentiation of B cells by controlling the signaling molecules in various molecular pathways. In the present review, we aimed to summarize the biological properties of ROS and the mechanisms by which ROS regulate B cell signaling pathways. We propose that ROS and their mediated signal transduction can be a new approach for manipulating B cell immune functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hushan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Luman Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Overcoming anti-PEG antibody mediated accelerated blood clearance of PEGylated liposomes by pre-infusion with high molecular weight free PEG. J Control Release 2019; 311-312:138-146. [PMID: 31454530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies that specifically bind polyethylene glycol (PEG), i.e. anti-PEG antibodies (APA), are associated with reduced efficacy and increased risk of serious adverse events for several PEGylated therapeutics. Here, we explored the concept of using free PEG molecules to saturate circulating APA. Surprisingly, we found that 40 kDa free PEG effectively restored the prolonged circulation of PEGylated liposomes in the presence of high titers of pre-existing APA for at least 48 h in mice. In contrast, lower molecular weight free PEG (≤10 kDa) failed to restore circulation beyond a few hours. These in vivo results were consistent with estimates from a minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Importantly, the infusion of free PEG appeared to be safe in mice previously sensitized by injection of PEGylated liposomes, and free PEG did not elicit excess APA production even in mice with pre-existing adaptive immunity against PEG. Our results support further investigation of high molecular weight free PEG as a potential method to control and overcome high titers of APA, restoring the prolonged circulation of PEGylated liposomes and possibly other PEGylated therapeutics.
Collapse
|
37
|
Vilela Rodrigues TC, Jaiswal AK, de Sarom A, de Castro Oliveira L, Freire Oliveira CJ, Ghosh P, Tiwari S, Miranda FM, de Jesus Benevides L, Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo V, de Castro Soares S. Reverse vaccinology and subtractive genomics reveal new therapeutic targets against Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a causative agent of pneumonia. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190907. [PMID: 31417766 PMCID: PMC6689572 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia is an infectious disease caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi that results in millions of deaths globally. Despite the existence of prophylactic methods against some of the major pathogens of the disease, there is no efficient prophylaxis against atypical agents such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a bacterium associated with cases of community-acquired pneumonia. Because of the morphological peculiarity of M. pneumoniae, which leads to an increased resistance to antibiotics, studies that prospectively investigate the development of vaccines and drug targets appear to be one of the best ways forward. Hence, in this paper, bioinformatics tools were used for vaccine and pharmacological prediction. We conducted comparative genomic analysis on the genomes of 88 M. pneumoniae strains, as opposed to a reverse vaccinology analysis, in relation to the capacity of M. pneumoniae proteins to bind to the major histocompatibility complex, revealing seven targets with immunogenic potential. Predictive cytoplasmic proteins were tested as potential drug targets by studying their structures in relation to other proteins, metabolic pathways and molecular anchorage, which identified five possible drug targets. These findings are a valuable addition to the development of vaccines and the selection of new in vivo drug targets that may contribute to further elucidating the molecular basis of M. pneumoniae-host interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alissa de Sarom
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Letícia de Castro Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlo José Freire Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Preetam Ghosh
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fábio Malcher Miranda
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro de Jesus Benevides
- Bioinformatics Laboratory - LABINFO, National Laboratory of Scientific Computation - LNCC/MCTI, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Siomar de Castro Soares
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Author for correspondence: Siomar de Castro Soares e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Platt JL, Cascalho M. Non-canonical B cell functions in transplantation. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:363-377. [PMID: 30980861 PMCID: PMC6544480 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
B cells are differentiated to recognize antigen and respond by producing antibodies. These activities, governed by recognition of ancillary signals, defend the individual against microorganisms and the products of microorganisms and constitute the canonical function of B cells. Despite the unique differentiation (e.g. recombination and mutation of immunoglobulin gene segments) toward this canonical function, B cells can provide other, "non-canonical" functions, such as facilitating of lymphoid organogenesis and remodeling and fashioning T cell repertoires and modifying T cell responses. Some non-canonical functions are exerted by antibodies, but most are mediated by other products and/or direct actions of B cells. The diverse set of non-canonical functions makes the B cell as much as any cell a central organizer of innate and adaptive immunity. However, the diverse products and actions also confound efforts to weigh the importance of individual non-canonical B cell functions. Here we shall describe the non-canonical functions of B cells and offer our perspective on how those functions converge in the development and governance of immunity, particularly immunity to transplants, and hurdles to advancing understanding of B cell functions in transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Platt
- Departments of Surgery and of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Marilia Cascalho
- Departments of Surgery and of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
In this review, Boothby et al. summarize some salient advances toward elucidation of the molecular programming of the fate choices and function of B cells in the periphery. They also note unanswered questions that pertain to differences among subsets of B lymphocytes and plasma cells. Mature B lymphocytes are crucial components of adaptive immunity, a system essential for the evolutionary fitness of mammals. Adaptive lymphocyte function requires an initially naïve cell to proliferate extensively and its progeny to have the capacity to assume a variety of fates. These include either terminal differentiation (the long-lived plasma cell) or metastable transcriptional reprogramming (germinal center and memory B cells). In this review, we focus principally on the regulation of differentiation and functional diversification of the “B2” subset. An overview is combined with an account of more recent advances, including initial work on mechanisms that eliminate DNA methylation and potential links between intracellular metabolites and chromatin editing.
Collapse
|
40
|
Cochaperone Mzb1 is a key effector of Blimp1 in plasma cell differentiation and β1-integrin function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E9630-E9639. [PMID: 30257949 PMCID: PMC6187189 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1809739115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-secreting plasma cells are effectors of the humoral immune response. Transcription factor Blimp1 (Prdm1) is essential for the generation and function of plasma cells, and it regulates many genes, including Mzb1 (pERp1). Mzb1 protein is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and acts as a cochaperone for the substrate-specific chaperone Grp94 (gp96). By the analysis of Mzb1−/−Prdm1+/gfp mice, we find that Mzb1 is required for T cell-independent immune responses and differentiation of plasma cells. In Mzb1−/−Prdm1+/gfp mice, we also observe impaired β1-integrin activation and trafficking of plasma cells to the bone marrow. Notably, we show that Mzb1 accounts for many of the Blimp1-associated downstream functions, suggesting that Mzb1 is a key effector of the Blimp1 regulatory network in plasma cells. Plasma cell differentiation involves coordinated changes in gene expression and functional properties of B cells. Here, we study the role of Mzb1, a Grp94 cochaperone that is expressed in marginal zone (MZ) B cells and during the terminal differentiation of B cells to antibody-secreting cells. By analyzing Mzb1−/−Prdm1+/gfp mice, we find that Mzb1 is specifically required for the differentiation and function of antibody-secreting cells in a T cell-independent immune response. We find that Mzb1-deficiency mimics, in part, the phenotype of Blimp1 deficiency, including the impaired secretion of IgM and the deregulation of Blimp1 target genes. In addition, we find that Mzb1−/− plasmablasts show a reduced activation of β1-integrin, which contributes to the impaired plasmablast differentiation and migration of antibody-secreting cells to the bone marrow. Thus, Mzb1 function is required for multiple aspects of plasma cell differentiation.
Collapse
|
41
|
Babey H, Quéré G, Descourt R, Le Calloch R, Lanfranco L, Nousbaum JB, Cornec D, Tison A, Chouaid C. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors to treat cancers in specific immunocompromised populations: a critical review. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 18:981-989. [PMID: 29995451 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1499468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Because of their efficacy against numerous cancers, immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, and anti-programmed cell death monoclonal antibodies are being used ever more often in oncology. However, some patients were excluded from clinical trials because of their comorbidities despite their potentially higher cancer frequencies, as is the case for immunocompromised patients. Areas covered: We analyzed reported preclinical and clinical information and evaluated the risk/benefit ratio for four immunocompromised populations: people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHs), solid-organ transplant recipients, recipients of hematopoietic stem-cell allografts, and patients with autoimmune diseases. Expert commentary: Information available in the literature is fragmentary and scarce, making it difficult to evaluate the risk/benefit ratio. It can, nonetheless, be noted that ICI use in PLHs seems possible. For solid-organ transplant recipients, the risk for the graft seems elevated. For the other two populations, it is difficult to conclude at this time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Babey
- a Institut de Cancerologie de Bretagne occidentale , Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest , Brest , France
| | - Gilles Quéré
- a Institut de Cancerologie de Bretagne occidentale , Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest , Brest , France
| | - Renaud Descourt
- a Institut de Cancerologie de Bretagne occidentale , Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest , Brest , France
| | - Ronan Le Calloch
- b Service des maladies du sang, médecine interne, maladies infectieuses (MIIS) , Centre Hospitalier de Quimper Cornouaille , Quimper , France.,c Université de Brest , Fédération Inter Hospitalier d'Immuno-Hématologie de Bretagne Occidentale (FIHBO) , Brest , France
| | - Luca Lanfranco
- d Service de néphrologie , Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest , Brest , France.,e UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Inserm, LabEx IGO , Université de Brest , Brest , France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Nousbaum
- f Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie , Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest , Brest , France.,g Registre Finistérien des Tumeurs Digestives, EA 7479 SPURBO , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest , France
| | - Divi Cornec
- e UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Inserm, LabEx IGO , Université de Brest , Brest , France.,h Rhumatologie et Centre National de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes Rares CERAINO , CHRU de Brest , Brest , France
| | - Alice Tison
- e UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Inserm, LabEx IGO , Université de Brest , Brest , France.,h Rhumatologie et Centre National de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes Rares CERAINO , CHRU de Brest , Brest , France
| | - Christos Chouaid
- i Service de pneumologie , Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil , Créteil , France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Scapigliati G, Fausto AM, Picchietti S. Fish Lymphocytes: An Evolutionary Equivalent of Mammalian Innate-Like Lymphocytes? Front Immunol 2018; 9:971. [PMID: 29867952 PMCID: PMC5949566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes are the responsible of adaptive responses, as they are classically described, but evidence shows that subpopulations of mammalian lymphocytes may behave as innate-like cells, engaging non-self rapidly and without antigen presentation. The innate-like lymphocytes of mammals have been mainly identified as γδT cells and B1-B cells, exert their activities principally in mucosal tissues, may be involved in human pathologies and their functions and tissue(s) of origin are not fully understood. Due to similarities in the morphology and immunobiology of immune system between fish and mammals, and to the uniqueness of having free-living larval stages where the development can be precisely monitored and engineered, teleost fish are proposed as an experimental model to investigate human immunity. However, the homology between fish lymphocytes and mammalian innate-like lymphocytes is an issue poorly considered in comparative immunology. Increasing experimental evidence suggests that fish lymphocytes could have developmental, morphological, and functional features in common with innate-like lymphocytes of mammals. Despite such similarities, information on possible links between conventional fish lymphocytes and mammalian innate-like lymphocytes is missing. The aim of this review is to summarize and describe available findings about the similarities between fish lymphocytes and mammalian innate-like lymphocytes, supporting the hypothesis that mammalian γδT cells and B1-B cells could be evolutionarily related to fish lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Scapigliati
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei sistemi biologici, agroalimentari e forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna M Fausto
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei sistemi biologici, agroalimentari e forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Simona Picchietti
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei sistemi biologici, agroalimentari e forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Darwiche W, Gubler B, Marolleau JP, Ghamlouch H. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B-Cell Normal Cellular Counterpart: Clues From a Functional Perspective. Front Immunol 2018; 9:683. [PMID: 29670635 PMCID: PMC5893869 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the clonal expansion of small mature-looking CD19+ CD23+ CD5+ B-cells that accumulate in the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid organs. To date, no consensus has been reached concerning the normal cellular counterpart of CLL B-cells and several B-cell types have been proposed. CLL B-cells have remarkable phenotypic and gene expression profile homogeneity. In recent years, the molecular and cellular biology of CLL has been enriched by seminal insights that are leading to a better understanding of the natural history of the disease. Immunophenotypic and molecular approaches (including immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable gene mutational status, transcriptional and epigenetic profiling) comparing the normal B-cell subset and CLL B-cells provide some new insights into the normal cellular counterpart. Functional characteristics (including activation requirements and propensity for plasma cell differentiation) of CLL B-cells have now been investigated for 50 years. B-cell subsets differ substantially in terms of their functional features. Analysis of shared functional characteristics may reveal similarities between normal B-cell subsets and CLL B-cells, allowing speculative assignment of a normal cellular counterpart for CLL B-cells. In this review, we summarize current data regarding peripheral B-cell differentiation and human B-cell subsets and suggest possibilities for a normal cellular counterpart based on the functional characteristics of CLL B-cells. However, a definitive normal cellular counterpart cannot be attributed on the basis of the available data. We discuss the functional characteristics required for a cell to be logically considered to be the normal counterpart of CLL B-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Darwiche
- EA 4666 Lymphocyte Normal - Pathologique et Cancers, HEMATIM, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Brigitte Gubler
- EA 4666 Lymphocyte Normal - Pathologique et Cancers, HEMATIM, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Marolleau
- EA 4666 Lymphocyte Normal - Pathologique et Cancers, HEMATIM, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie cellulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Hussein Ghamlouch
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Foxp1 controls mature B cell survival and the development of follicular and B-1 B cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:3120-3125. [PMID: 29507226 PMCID: PMC5866538 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711335115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with B cell lymphoma carry alterations in the gene coding for the transcription factor Foxp1. High Foxp1 expression has been linked to poor prognosis in those malignancies; however, the physiological functions of Foxp1 in mature B cells remain unknown. By employing genetic mouse models, we show that Foxp1 deletion results in reduced B cell numbers and impaired antibody production upon T cell-independent immunization. Foxp1-deficient mature B cells are impaired in survival and exhibit an increased proliferation capacity, and transcriptional analysis identified defective expression of the prosurvival Bcl-xl gene. Our results provide insight into the regulation of mature B cell survival by Foxp1 and have implications for understanding the role of Foxp1 in the development of B cell malignancies. The transcription factor Foxp1 is critical for early B cell development. Despite frequent deregulation of Foxp1 in B cell lymphoma, the physiological functions of Foxp1 in mature B cells remain unknown. Here, we used conditional gene targeting in the B cell lineage and report that Foxp1 disruption in developing and mature B cells results in reduced numbers and frequencies of follicular and B-1 B cells and in impaired antibody production upon T cell-independent immunization in vivo. Moreover, Foxp1-deficient B cells are impaired in survival even though they exhibit an increased capacity to proliferate. Transcriptional analysis identified defective expression of the prosurvival Bcl-2 family gene Bcl2l1 encoding Bcl-xl in Foxp1-deficient B cells, and we identified Foxp1 binding in the regulatory region of Bcl2l1. Transgenic overexpression of Bcl2 rescued the survival defect in Foxp1-deficient mature B cells in vivo and restored peripheral B cell numbers. Thus, our results identify Foxp1 as a physiological regulator of mature B cell survival mediated in part via the control of Bcl-xl expression and imply that this pathway might contribute to the pathogenic function of aberrant Foxp1 expression in lymphoma.
Collapse
|
45
|
Lee SH, Park SR. Toll-like Receptor 1/2 Agonist Pam3CSK4 Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-driven IgG1 Production while Enhancing IgG2a Production by B Cells. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e10. [PMID: 29503740 PMCID: PMC5833117 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between pathogen-associated molecular patterns and pattern recognition receptors triggers innate and adaptive immune responses. Several studies have reported that toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in B cell proliferation, differentiation, and Ig class switch recombination (CSR). However, roles of TLRs in B cell activation and differentiation are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the direct effect of stimulation of TLR1/2 agonist Pam3CSK4 on mouse B cell viability, proliferation, activation, Ig production, and Ig CSR in vitro. Treatment with 0.5 µg/ml of Pam3CSK4 only barely induced IgG1 production although it enhanced B cell viability. In addition, high-dosage Pam3CSK4 diminished IgG1 production in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the production of other Igs, cell viability, and proliferation increased. Pam3CSK4 additively increased TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse B cell growth and activation. However, interestingly, Pam3CSK4 abrogated LPS-induced IgG1 production but enhanced LPS-induced IgG2a production. Further, Pam3CSK4 decreased LPS-induced germline γ1 transcripts (GLTγ1)/GLTε expression but increased GLTγ2a expression. On the other hand, Pam3CSK4 had no effect on LPS-induced plasma cell differentiation. Taken together, these results suggest that TLR1/2 agonist Pam3CSK4 acts as a potent mouse B cell mitogen in combination with TLR4 agonist LPS, but these 2 different TLR agonists play diverse roles in regulating the Ig CSR of each isotype, particularly IgG1/IgE and IgG2a.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Seok-Rae Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea.,Priority Research Center, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gil-Borras R, García-Ballesteros C, Benet-Campos C, Catalán-Serra I, López-Chuliá F, Cuéllar C, Andreu-Ballester JC. B1a Lymphocytes (CD19+CD5+) Deficiency in Patients with Crohn's Disease and Its Relation with Disease Severity. Dig Dis 2018; 36:194-201. [PMID: 29421816 DOI: 10.1159/000486893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS B1a cells (CD19+CD5+) are considered elements of the innate immune system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of B1a cells in the peripheral blood of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and its relation with disease severity. METHODS In this prospective study, a total of 128 subjects (64 CD patients and 64 healthy controls) were studied. B1a cells in peripheral blood, CD Activity Index, and Simple Endoscopic Score of B1a cells were studied. RESULTS A significant decrease of B1a cells in peripheral blood was observed in patients with CD versus controls (p = 0.002), especially in perforating or penetrating patterns (p = 0.017). A lower frequency of B1a cells is related to increased endoscopic severity (Spearman's Rho: -0.559, p = 0.004). The mean frequency of B1a cells in patients with pre- and post-study surgery was significantly lower than that in patients who did not undergo surgery (p = 0.050 and p = 0.026, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The B1a cell count in peripheral blood is lower in CD patients. This decrease is directly related to the severity of the disease (penetrating or perforating, Simple Endoscopy Score and surgery complication). These results pointed to the fact that B1a cells play an important role in immune protection in CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gil-Borras
- Department of Digestive, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Ignacio Catalán-Serra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Helse Nord-Trondelag, Levanger, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian Science and Technology University (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Carmen Cuéllar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kataoka K, Fukuyama Y, Briles DE, Miyake T, Fujihashi K. Dendritic cell-targeting DNA-based nasal adjuvants for protective mucosal immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 61:195-205. [PMID: 28463465 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To develop safe vaccines for inducing mucosal immunity to major pulmonary bacterial infections, appropriate vaccine antigens (Ags), delivery systems and nontoxic molecular adjuvants must be considered. Such vaccine constructs can induce Ag-specific immune responses that protect against mucosal infections. In particular, it has been shown that simply mixing the adjuvant with the bacterial Ag is a relatively easy means of constructing adjuvant-based mucosal vaccine preparations; the resulting vaccines can elicit protective immunity. DNA-based nasal adjuvants targeting mucosal DCs have been studied in order to induce Ag-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses that provide essential protection against microbial pathogens that invade mucosal surfaces. In this review, initially a plasmid encoding the cDNA of Flt3 ligand (pFL), a molecule that is a growth factor for DCs, as an effective adjuvant for mucosal immunity to pneumococcal infections, is introduced. Next, the potential of adding unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide and pFL together with a pneumococcal Ag to induce protection from pneumococcal infections is discussed. Pneumococcal surface protein A has been used as vaccine for restoring mucosal immunity in older persons. Further, our nasal pFL adjuvant system with phosphorylcholine-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (PC-KLH) has also been used in pneumococcal vaccine development to induce complete protection from nasal carriage by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Finally, the possibility that anti-PC antibodies induced by nasal delivery of pFL plus PC-KLH may play a protective role in prevention of atherogenesis and thus block subsequent development of cardiovascular disease is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kataoka
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Fukuyama
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Microbiology, Immunobiology Vaccine Center, Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA
| | - David E Briles
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Microbiology, Immunobiology Vaccine Center, Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA
| | - Tatsuro Miyake
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Fujihashi
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Microbiology, Immunobiology Vaccine Center, Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
McKay JT, Haro MA, Daly CA, Yammani RD, Pang B, Swords WE, Haas KM. PD-L2 Regulates B-1 Cell Antibody Production against Phosphorylcholine through an IL-5-Dependent Mechanism. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2020-2029. [PMID: 28768724 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
B-1 cells produce natural Abs which provide an integral first line of defense against pathogens while also performing important homeostatic housekeeping functions. In this study, we demonstrate that programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2) regulates the production of natural Abs against phosphorylcholine (PC). Naive PD-L2-deficient (PD-L2-/-) mice produced significantly more PC-reactive IgM and IgA. This afforded PD-L2-/- mice with selectively enhanced protection against PC-expressing nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, but not PC-negative nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, relative to wild-type mice. PD-L2-/- mice had significantly increased PC-specific CD138+ splenic plasmablasts bearing a B-1a phenotype, and produced PC-reactive Abs largely of the T15 Id. Importantly, PC-reactive B-1 cells expressed PD-L2 and irradiated chimeras demonstrated that B cell-intrinsic PD-L2 expression regulated PC-specific Ab production. In addition to increased PC-specific IgM, naive PD-L2-/- mice and irradiated chimeras reconstituted with PD-L2-/- B cells had significantly higher levels of IL-5, a potent stimulator of B-1 cell Ab production. PD-L2 mAb blockade of wild-type B-1 cells in culture significantly increased CD138 and Blimp1 expression and PC-specific IgM, but did not affect proliferation. PD-L2 mAb blockade significantly increased IL-5+ T cells in culture. Both IL-5 neutralization and STAT5 inhibition blunted the effects of PD-L2 mAb blockade on B-1 cells. Thus, B-1 cell-intrinsic PD-L2 expression inhibits IL-5 production by T cells and thereby limits natural Ab production by B-1 cells. These findings have broad implications for the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at altering natural Ab levels critical for protection against infectious disease, autoimmunity, allergy, cancer, and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome T McKay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Marcela A Haro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Christina A Daly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Rama D Yammani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Bing Pang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - W Edward Swords
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Karen M Haas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gámez-Díaz L, Neumann J, Jäger F, Proietti M, Felber F, Soulas-Sprauel P, Perruzza L, Grassi F, Kögl T, Aichele P, Kilimann M, Grimbacher B, Jung S. Immunological phenotype of the murine Lrba knockout. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:789-802. [PMID: 28652580 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in the human lipopolysaccharide responsive beige-like anchor (LRBA) gene lead to a primary immunodeficiency known as LRBA deficiency, characterized by a broad range of clinical manifestations including autoimmunity, organomegaly, hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent infections. Considering the phenotypic heterogeneity in patients and the severity of the disease, our aim was to assess the role of LRBA in immune cells and to understand the underlying pathomechanisms through the study of a Lrba knockout (Lrba-/-) mouse model. LRBA-deficient mice did not show severe clinical or immunological signs of disease, either at steady state under specific-pathogen-free conditions, after vaccination with T-dependent and T-independent antigens, or in the context of acute infections with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) or Salmonella Typhimurium. Although Lrba-/- mice were able to produce normal serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG and to mount a specific immune response after immunization, they showed elevated serum and secretory basal IgA levels. LRBA was dispensable for B- and T-cell development, as well as for in vitro B-cell proliferation, survival, isotype switching and plasmablast differentiation. Interestingly, Lrba-/- mice displayed decreased cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) expression by regulatory T cells and activated conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, reduced frequency of peritoneal B-1a cells along with diminished interleukin-10 production and increased percentages of T follicular helper cells in Peyer's patches, but without developing overt signs of autoimmunity. Our findings expand the role of LRBA in immune regulatory mechanisms previously reported in patients, and suggest a novel role in IgA production that is crucial for the protection of mucosal surfaces and gut-associated immune tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gámez-Díaz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julika Neumann
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fiona Jäger
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michele Proietti
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felicitas Felber
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pauline Soulas-Sprauel
- CNRS UPR 3572 'Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry', Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Lisa Perruzza
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Grassi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Tamara Kögl
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Aichele
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Kilimann
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Immunology and Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sophie Jung
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Pôle de Médecine et de Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Steinel NC, Bolnick DI. Melanomacrophage Centers As a Histological Indicator of Immune Function in Fish and Other Poikilotherms. Front Immunol 2017; 8:827. [PMID: 28769932 PMCID: PMC5512340 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) are aggregates of highly pigmented phagocytes found primarily in the head kidney and spleen, and occasionally the liver of many vertebrates. Preliminary histological analyses suggested that MMCs are structurally similar to the mammalian germinal center (GC), leading to the hypothesis that the MMC plays a role in the humoral adaptive immune response. For this reason, MMCs are frequently described in the literature as “primitive GCs” or the “evolutionary precursors” to the mammalian GC. However, we argue that this designation may be premature, having been pieced together from mainly descriptive studies in numerous distinct species. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the MMC literature, including a phylogenetic analysis of MMC distribution across vertebrate species. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the MMCs function in immunity and lingering questions. We suggest additional experiments needed to confirm that MMCs serve a GC-like role in fish immunity. Finally, we address the utility of the MMC as a broadly applicable histological indicator of the fish (as well as amphibian and reptilian) immune response in both laboratory and wild populations of both model and non-model vertebrates. We highlight the factors (sex, pollution exposure, stress, stocking density, etc.) that should be considered when using MMCs to study immunity in non-model vertebrates in wild populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Steinel
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.,Department of Medical Education, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Daniel I Bolnick
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|