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Rodrigues PHF, Silva EGDA, Borges AS, Castiglioni GL, Suarez CAG, Montano IDC. Bioethanol production by immobilized co-culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Scheffersomyces stipitis in a novel continuous 3D printing microbioreactor. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230633. [PMID: 39319832 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Biorefineries require low-cost production processes, low waste generation and equipment that can be used not only for a single process, but for the manufacture of several products. In this context, in this research a continuous 3D printing microbioreactor coupled to an Arduino-controlled automatic feeding system was developed for the intensification of the ethanol production process from xylose/xylulose (3:1), using a new biocatalyst containing the co-culture of Scheffersomyces stipitis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (50/50). Initially, batch fermentations of monocultures of S. cerevisiae and S. stipitis and co-culture were carried out. Subsequently, the immobilized co-culture was used as a biocatalyst in continuous fermentations using the developed microreactor. Fermentations carried out in the microbioreactor presented a 2-fold increase in the ethanol concentration and a 3-fold increase in productivity when compared to monocultures. The microbioreactor developed proved to be efficient and can be extended for other bioproducts production. This approach proved to be a promising alternative for the use of the hemicellulose fraction of biomasses without the need to use modified strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique F Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Química, Av. Esperança, s/n, Chácaras de Recreio Samambaia, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth G DA Silva
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Química, Av. Esperança, s/n, Chácaras de Recreio Samambaia, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Alex S Borges
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Química, Av. Esperança, s/n, Chácaras de Recreio Samambaia, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Luis Castiglioni
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Av. Esperança, s/n, Chácaras de Recreio Samambaia, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto G Suarez
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Química, Av. Esperança, s/n, Chácaras de Recreio Samambaia, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Inti Doraci C Montano
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Química, Av. Esperança, s/n, Chácaras de Recreio Samambaia, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Lin Z, Zhang J, Zou Z, Lu G, Wu M, Niu L, Zhang Y. A Dual‐Encoded Bead‐Based Immunoassay with Tunable Detection Range for COVID‐19 Serum Evaluation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203706. [PMID: 35841187 PMCID: PMC9349931 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Serological assay for coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) patients including asymptomatic cases can inform on disease progression and prognosis. A detection method taking into account multiplex, high sensitivity, and a wider detection range will help to identify and treat COVID‐19. Here we integrated color‐size dual‐encoded beads and rolling circle amplification (RCA) into a bead‐based fluorescence immunoassay implemented in a size sorting chip to achieve high‐throughput and sensitive detection. We used the assay for quantifying COVID‐19 antibodies against spike S1, nucleocapsid, the receptor binding domain antigens. It also detected inflammatory biomarkers including interleukin‐6, interleukin‐1β, procalcitonin, C‐reactive protein whose concentrations range from pg mL−1 to μg mL−1. Use of different size beads integrating with RCA results in a tunable detection range. The assay can be readily modified to simultaneously measure more COVID‐19 serological molecules differing by orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhengyu Zou
- Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510080 China
| | - Gen Lu
- Department Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 510120 China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510080 China
| | - Li Niu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yuanqing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
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3
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Lin Z, Zhang J, Zou Z, Lu G, Wu M, Niu L, Zhang Y. A Dual‐Encoded Bead‐Based Immunoassay with Tunable Detection Range for COVID‐19 Serum Evaluation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Lin
- Sun Yat-Sen University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Zhengyu Zou
- Sun Yat-Sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine CHINA
| | - Gen Lu
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Department Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics CHINA
| | - Minhao Wu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine CHINA
| | - Li Niu
- Guangzhou University Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yuanqing Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen Universit School of Pharmaceutical Sciences 132 Waihuan East Road 510006 Guangzhou CHINA
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4
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Liu X, Wu W, Cui D, Chen X, Li W. Functional Micro-/Nanomaterials for Multiplexed Biodetection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004734. [PMID: 34137090 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
When analyzing biological phenomena and processes, multiplexed biodetection has many advantages over single-factor biodetection and is highly relevant to both human health issues and advancements in the life sciences. However, many key problems with current multiplexed biodetection strategies remain unresolved. Herein, the main issues are analyzed and summarized: 1) generating sufficient signal to label targets, 2) improving the signal-to-noise ratio to ensure total detection sensitivity, and 3) simplifying the detection process to reduce the time and labor costs of multiple target detection. Then, available solutions made possible by designing and controlling the properties of micro- and nanomaterials are introduced. The aim is to emphasize the role that micro-/nanomaterials can play in the improvement of multiplexed biodetection strategies. Through analyzing existing problems, introducing state-of-the-art developments regarding relevant materials, and discussing future directions of the field, it is hopeful to help promote necessary developments in multiplexed biodetection and associated scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Wu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Wanwan Li
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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5
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Kim JH, Lee SY, Lee SK. Development of novel lab-on-a-chip platform for high-throughput radioimmunoassay. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 168:109526. [PMID: 33316629 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is an extremely specific and a highly sensitive type of immunoassay, but the long incubation time and generation of radioactive wastes limit the use of RIA. To complement these disadvantages of RIA, we suggest an advanced type of RIA based on a lab-on-a-chip (LOC) platform: μ-RIA. We designed a microfluidic chip for RIA and optimized the procedures of μ-RIA analysis, including surface modification, immunoreaction time, and washing. Based on the optimized conditions, we conducted a radioimmunoassay on the μ-RIA platform using a commercial RIA kit. With the μ-RIA, 5 min are adequate for analysis. The amount of reagent consumption is significantly reduced compared with conventional RIA. The standard curve with R2 = 0.9951 shows that we can quantitatively evaluate the amount of antigen present in unknown samples. We show the applicability of μ-RIA for the analysis of biomolecules and the potential of μ-RIA to be a novel platform for high-throughput analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Kim
- Neutron and Radioisotope Application Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-daero 989beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea; School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Neutron and Radioisotope Application Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-daero 989beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kon Lee
- Neutron and Radioisotope Application Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-daero 989beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Das P, Jaiswal PK, Puri S. Surface-directed spinodal decomposition on morphologically patterned substrates. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:032801. [PMID: 33076022 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.032801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper is the second in a two-part exposition on surface-directed spinodal decomposition (SDSD), i.e., the interplay of kinetics of wetting and phase separation at a surface which is wetted by one of the components of a binary mixture. In our first paper [P. Das, P. K. Jaiswal, and S. Puri, Phys. Rev. E 102, 012803 (2020)2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.102.012803], we studied SDSD on chemically heterogeneous and physically flat substrates. In this paper, we study SDSD on a chemically homogeneous but morphologically patterned substrate. Such substrates arise in a vast variety of technological applications. Our goal is to provide a theoretical understanding of SDSD in this context. We present detailed numerical results for domain growth both inside and above the grooves in the substrate. The morphological evolution can be understood in terms of the interference of SDSD waves originating from the different surfaces comprising the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Das
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Prabhat K Jaiswal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar 342037, India
| | - Sanjay Puri
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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7
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Wan Y, Gao Y, Wang J, Yang Y, Xia Z. Rapid Water Harvesting and Nonthermal Drying in Humid Air by N-Doped Graphene Micropads. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12389-12399. [PMID: 31474111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel nanotextured graphene micropad that can rapidly harvest water from air to generate microscale water droplets with the desired size in designated positions on demand by simply applying a negative electric bias of -1.5 to -15 V. More interestingly, the water droplets can be reversibly dried nonthermally with the pad at ambient temperature in humid air (∼85% RH) by applying a positive electric bias of +1.5 to +15 V. The harvesting and drying rates on the glass are 2.7 and 1.5 μm3/s under biases of -15 and +15 V, respectively, but no apparent harvesting or drying activities are observed without the bias. The energy consumption is minimal as there is no Joule current due to the insulative substrate. It is shown that substrate wettability and ions play an important role in enabling the fast water harvesting and nonthermal drying. Molecular modeling is developed to understand the harvesting and drying mechanisms at the atomic scale. The water harvesting/drying approach may be useful for many technological applications such as micro/nanolithography, 3D printing, MEMS, and biochemical and microfluid devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Wan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710072 , P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710072 , P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710072 , P. R. China
| | - Zhenhai Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710072 , P. R. China
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8
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Resistance of Superhydrophobic Surface-Functionalized TiO₂ Nanotubes to Corrosion and Intense Cavitation. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8100783. [PMID: 30279353 PMCID: PMC6215275 DOI: 10.3390/nano8100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The availability of robust superhydrophobic materials with the ability to withstand harsh environments are in high demand for many applications. In this study, we have presented a simple method to fabricate superhydrophobic materials from TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTAs) and investigated the resilience of the materials when they are subjected to harsh conditions such as intense cavitation upon ultrasonication, corrosion in saline water, water-jet impact, and abrasion. The TNTAs were prepared by anodization of Ti foil in buffered aqueous electrolyte containing fluoride ions. The hydrophilic TNTAs were functionalized with octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA) or 1H, 1H′, 2H, 2H′-perfluorodecyl phosphonic acid (PFDPA) to form a self-assembled monolayer on the TNTA surface to produce superhydrophobic ODPA@TNTA or PFDPA@TNTA surfaces. The superhydrophobic ODPA@TNTA and PFDPA@TNTA have contact angles of 156.0° ± 1.5° and 168° ± 1.5°, and contact angle hysteresis of 3.0° and 0.8°, respectively. The superhydrophobic ODPA@TNTA and PFDPA@TNTA were subjected to ultrasonication, corrosion in saline water, and water-jet impact and abrasion, and the resilience of the systems was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), contact angle (CA) measurements, diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results presented here show that superhydrophobic ODPA@TNTA and PFDPA@TNTA are robust and resilient under the harsh conditions studied in this work, and indicate the potential of these materials to be deployed in practical applications.
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9
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Hossain S, Afzal A, Kim KY. Shape Optimization of a Three-Dimensional Serpentine Split-and-Recombine Micromixer. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2017.1289185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shakhawat Hossain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Arshad Afzal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Yong Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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10
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Mixing Analysis of Passive Micromixer with Unbalanced Three-Split Rhombic Sub-Channels. MICROMACHINES 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/mi5040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Shi X, Gao W, Wang J, Chao SH, Zhang W, Meldrum DR. Measuring gene expression in single bacterial cells: recent advances in methods and micro-devices. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 35:448-60. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.899556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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12
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Tavares AJ, Noor MO, Uddayasankar U, Krull UJ, Vannoy CH. Solid-phase supports for the in situ assembly of quantum dot-FRET hybridization assays in channel microfluidics. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1199:241-55. [PMID: 25103813 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1280-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have long served as integral components in signal transduction modalities such as Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The majority of bioanalytical methods using QDs for FRET-based techniques simply monitor binding-induced conformational changes. In more recent work, QDs have been incorporated into solid-phase support systems, such as microfluidic chips, to serve as physical platforms in the development of functional biosensors and bioprobes. Herein, we describe a simple strategy for the transduction of nucleic acid hybridization that combines a novel design method based on FRET with an electrokinetically controlled microfluidic technology, and that offers further potential for amelioration of sample-handling issues and for simplification of dynamic stringency control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Tavares
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd. North, Mississauga, ON, Canada, L5L 1C6
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Abstract
The integration of nanohole array based plasmonic sensors into microfluidic systems has enabled the emergence of platforms with unique capabilities and a diversified palette of applications. Recent advances in fabrication techniques together with novel implementation schemes have influenced the progress of these optofluidic platforms. Here, we review the advances that nanohole array based sensors have experienced since they were first merged with microfluidics. We examine established and new fabrication methodologies that have enabled both the fabrication of nanohole arrays with improved optical attributes and a reduction in manufacturing costs. The achievements of several platforms developed to date and the significant benefits obtained from operating the nanoholes as nanochannels are also reviewed herein. Finally, we discuss future opportunities for on-chip nanohole array sensors by outlining potential applications and the use of the abilities of the nanostructures beyond the optical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Escobedo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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14
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Bresson C, Chartier F, Ansoborlo E, Ortega R. Analytical tools for speciation in the field of toxicology. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2013.2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The knowledge of the speciation of elements at trace and ultra-trace level, in biological and environmental media is essential to acquire a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity, transport and accumulation in which they are involved. Determining the speciation of an element in a given medium is challenging and requires the knowledge of different methodological approaches: the calculation approach and the experimental approach through the use of dedicated analytical and spectroscopic tools. In this framework, this mini-review reports the approaches to investigate the speciation of elements in biological and environmental media as well as the experimental techniques of speciation analysis, illustrated by recent examples. The main analytical and spectroscopic techniques to obtain structural, molecular, elemental and isotopic information are described. A brief overview of separation techniques coupled with spectrometric techniques is given. Imaging and micro-localisation techniques, which aim at determining the in situ spatial distribution of elements and molecules in various solid samples, are also presented. The last part deals with the development of micro-analytical systems, since they open crucial perspectives to speciation analysis for low sample amounts and analysis on field.
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Wu J, Zhang M, Li X, Wen W. Multiple and high-throughput droplet reactions via combination of microsampling technique and microfluidic chip. Anal Chem 2012; 84:9689-93. [PMID: 23075004 DOI: 10.1021/ac302249h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microdroplets offer unique compartments for accommodating a large number of chemical and biological reactions in tiny volume with precise control. A major concern in droplet-based microfluidics is the difficulty to address droplets individually and achieve high throughput at the same time. Here, we have combined an improved cartridge sampling technique with a microfluidic chip to perform droplet screenings and aggressive reaction with minimal (nanoliter-scale) reagent consumption. The droplet composition, distance, volume (nanoliter to subnanoliter scale), number, and sequence could be precisely and digitally programmed through the improved sampling technique, while sample evaporation and cross-contamination are effectively eliminated. Our combined device provides a simple model to utilize multiple droplets for various reactions with low reagent consumption and high throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Wu
- Department of Physics and KAUST-HKUST Micro/Nano-fluidics Joint Laboratory, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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16
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Sin MLY, Liu T, Pyne JD, Gau V, Liao JC, Kin Wong P. In situ electrokinetic enhancement for self-assembled-monolayer-based electrochemical biosensing. Anal Chem 2012; 84:2702-7. [PMID: 22397486 PMCID: PMC4069200 DOI: 10.1021/ac203245j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a multifunctional electrode approach which directly implements electrokinetic enhancement on a self-assembled-monolayer-based electrochemical sensor for point-of-care diagnostics. Using urinary tract infections as a model system, we demonstrate that electrokinetic enhancement, which involves in situ stirring and heating, can enhance the sensitivity of the strain specific 16S rRNA hybridization assay for 1 order of magnitude and accelerate the time-limiting incubation step with a 6-fold reduction in the incubation time. Since the same electrode platform is used for both electrochemical signal enhancement and electrochemical sensing, the multifunctional electrode approach provides a highly effective strategy toward fully integrated lab-on-a-chip systems for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy L. Y. Sin
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Pyne
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Vincent Gau
- GeneFluidics Inc, Irwindale, California 91010, United States
| | - Joseph C. Liao
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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17
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Li Y, Jones W, Rasti F, Blaga I, Bogdan G, Eberhart D, Kobrin B, Lee D, Nielsen B, van Gelder E, Jovanovich S, Stern S. A flexible microfluidic processor for molecular biology: application to microarray sample preparation. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:2541-2550. [PMID: 21691662 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20244h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe a programmable microfluidic system with onboard pumps and valves that has the ability to process reaction volumes in the sub-microlitre to hundred microlitre range. The flexibility of the architecture is demonstrated with a commercial molecular biology protocol for mRNA amplification, implemented without significant modification. The performance of the microchip system is compared to conventional bench processing at each stage of the multistep protocol, and DNA microarrays are used to assess the quality and performance of bench- and microchip-amplified RNA. The results show that the microchip system reactions are similar to bench control reactions at each step, and that the microchip- and bench-derived amplified RNAs are virtually indistinguishable in differential microarray analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- IntegenX, 5720 Stoneridge Drive, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
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18
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Langelier SM, Livak-Dahl E, Manzo AJ, Johnson BN, Walter NG, Burns MA. Flexible casting of modular self-aligning microfluidic assembly blocks. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:1679-87. [PMID: 21412522 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00517g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The recent shift among developers of microfluidic technologies toward modularized "plug and play" construction reflects the steadily increasing realization that, for many would-be users of microfluidic tools, traditional clean-room microfabrication is prohibitively complex and/or expensive. In this work, we present an advanced modular microfluidic construction scheme in which pre-fabricated microfluidic assembly blocks (MABs) can be quickly fashioned, without expertise or specialized facilities, into sophisticated microfluidic devices for a wide range of applications. Specifically, we describe three major advances to the MAB concept: (1) rapid production and extraction of MABs using flexible casting trays, (2) use of pre-coated substrates for simultaneous assembly and bonding, and (3) modification of block design to include automatic alignment and sealing structures. Finally, several exemplary applications of these MABs are demonstrated in chemical gradient synthesis, droplet generation, and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Langelier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St. 3074 H.H. Dow Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
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Chen GD, Fachin F, Fernandez-Suarez M, Wardle BL, Toner M. Nanoporous elements in microfluidics for multiscale manipulation of bioparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:1061-7. [PMID: 21413145 PMCID: PMC3141316 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201002076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Solid materials, such as silicon, glass, and polymers, dominate as structural elements in microsystems including microfluidics. Porous elements have been limited to membranes sandwiched between microchannel layers or polymer monoliths. This paper reports the use of micropatterned carbon-nanotube forests confined inside microfluidic channels for mechanically and/or chemically capturing particles ranging over three orders of magnitude in size. Nanoparticles below the internanotube spacing (80 nm) of the forest can penetrate inside the forest and interact with the large surface area created by individual nanotubes. For larger particles (>80 nm), the ultrahigh porosity of the nanotube elements reduces the fluid boundary layer and enhances particle-structure interactions on the outer surface of the patterned nanoporous elements. Specific biomolecular recognition is demonstrated using cells (≈10 μm), bacteria (≈1 μm), and viral-sized particles (≈40 nm) using both effects. This technology can provide unprecedented control of bioseparation processes to access bioparticles of interest, opening new pathways for both research and point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Fernandez-Suarez
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02139, USA
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20
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Bravo-Gutiérrez ME, Castro M, Hernández-Machado A, Poiré EC. Controlling viscoelastic flow in microchannels with slip. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:2075-2079. [PMID: 21322616 DOI: 10.1021/la103520a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We show that viscoelastic flow in a microchannel under a dynamic pressure gradient dramatically changes with the value of the apparent slip. We demonstrate this by using classical hydrodynamics and the Navier boundary condition for the apparent slip. At certain driving frequencies, the flow is orders of magnitude different for systems with and without slip, implying that controlling the degree of hydrophobicity of a microchannel can lead to the control of the magnitude of the flow. We verify this for viscoelastic fluids with very different constitutive equations. Moreover, we demonstrate that flow, given a value of the apparent slip, is a non-monotonic function of the driving frequency and can be increased or reduced by orders of magnitude by slightly changing the frequency of the driving pressure gradient. Finally, we show that, for dynamic situations, slip causes and effectively thicker channel whose effective thickness depends on frequency. We have calculated relevant quantities for blood and a polymeric fluid in order to motivate experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Bravo-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México DF 04510, México
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21
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Poiré EC, Hernández-Machado A. Frequency-induced stratification in viscoelastic microfluidics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:15084-15086. [PMID: 20822118 DOI: 10.1021/la1024422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a mechanism in the field of microfluidics by which the stratification of a viscoelastic fluid can be induced in a channel on the microscale by applying a dynamic pressure gradient at frequencies within the range of sound. Stratification is obtained with identical layers, parallel to the channel walls, whose number can be tailored. These layers are separated by 2D zero-velocity planes. This would allow different tracer particles with small diffusion coefficients to be confined in different fluid layers within the same microchannel. We obtain analytical results that allow us to make theoretical predictions regarding the possible experimental realization of stratification in a microchannel using a biofluid. We find a relation among the diffusion coefficient, fluid properties, and microchannel thickness that establishes a condition for the confinement of tracer particles to a layer. This mechanism has potential use in micrototal analysis systems and MEMS-containing viscoelastic fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Corvera Poiré
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, México.
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22
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Jo E, Lim MC, Kim HN, Paik HJ, Kim YR, Jeong U. Microfluidic channels fabricated on mesoporous electrospun fiber mats: A facile route to microfluidic chips. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Su TW, Isikman SO, Bishara W, Tseng D, Erlinger A, Ozcan A. Multi-angle lensless digital holography for depth resolved imaging on a chip. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:9690-711. [PMID: 20588819 PMCID: PMC2898907 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.009690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A multi-angle lensfree holographic imaging platform that can accurately characterize both the axial and lateral positions of cells located within multi-layered micro-channels is introduced. In this platform, lensfree digital holograms of the micro-objects on the chip are recorded at different illumination angles using partially coherent illumination. These digital holograms start to shift laterally on the sensor plane as the illumination angle of the source is tilted. Since the exact amount of this lateral shift of each object hologram can be calculated with an accuracy that beats the diffraction limit of light, the height of each cell from the substrate can be determined over a large field of view without the use of any lenses. We demonstrate the proof of concept of this multi-angle lensless imaging platform by using light emitting diodes to characterize various sized microparticles located on a chip with sub-micron axial and lateral localization over approximately 60 mm(2) field of view. Furthermore, we successfully apply this lensless imaging approach to simultaneously characterize blood samples located at multi-layered micro-channels in terms of the counts, individual thicknesses and the volumes of the cells at each layer. Because this platform does not require any lenses, lasers or other bulky optical/mechanical components, it provides a compact and high-throughput alternative to conventional approaches for cytometry and diagnostics applications involving lab on a chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wei Su
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Serhan O. Isikman
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Waheb Bishara
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Derek Tseng
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Anthony Erlinger
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- ; http://innovate.ee.ucla.edu/
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24
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Nasibov H, Baytaroglu S. Recent advances in digital particle image velocimetry methods for flow motion analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY AND QUALITY ENGINEERING 2010. [DOI: 10.1051/ijmqe/2010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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25
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From lateral flow devices to a novel nano-color microfluidic assay. SENSORS 2009; 9:6084-100. [PMID: 22454573 PMCID: PMC3312431 DOI: 10.3390/s90806084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Improving the performance of traditional diagnostic lateral flow assays combined with new manufacturing technologies is a primary goal in the research and development plans of diagnostic companies. Taking into consideration the components of lateral flow diagnostic test kits; innovation can include modification of labels, materials and device design. In recent years, Resonance-Enhanced Absorption (REA) of metal nano-particles has shown excellent applicability in bio-sensing for the detection of a variety of bio-molecular binding interactions. In a novel approach, we have now integrated REA-assays in a diagnostic microfluidic setup thus resolving the bottleneck of long incubation times inherent in previously existing REA-assays and simultaneously integrated automated fabrication techniques for diagnostics manufacture. Due to the roller-coating based technology and chemical resistance, we used PET-co-polyester as a substrate and a CO(2) laser ablation system as a fast, highly precise and contactless alternative to classical micro-milling. It was possible to detect biological binding within three minutes - visible to the eye as colored text readout within the REA-fluidic device. A two-minute in-situ silver enhancement was able to enhance the resonant color additionally, if required.
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26
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Huang C, Bonroy K, Reekmans G, Laureyn W, Verhaegen K, De Vlaminck I, Lagae L, Borghs G. Localized surface plasmon resonance biosensor integrated with microfluidic chip. Biomed Microdevices 2009; 11:893-901. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-009-9306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Rossi MP, Gogotsi Y, Kornev KG. Deformation of carbon nanotubes by exposure to water vapor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:2804-10. [PMID: 19437757 DOI: 10.1021/la802684q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The condensation of water inside multiwalled carbon nanotubes has been monitored and controlled using environmental scanning electron microscopy. Undersaturated vapor condenses inside nanotubes and forms nanometer-thick water films. Simultaneously, nanotubes deform and decrease their apparent diameter. When the vapor pressure in the chamber approaches the saturation pressure, we observe the formation of menisci and spontaneous buckling of the nanotubes. We derive a criterion of the buckling instability caused by capillary condensation. Remarkably, the buckling criterion appears to be independent of the meniscus shape. Using our experiments and models, we estimated the circumferential Young's modulus of large-diameter carbon nanotubes with disordered wall structure produced by the chemical vapor deposition method (CVD) to be E(thetatheta) approximately 13-18 MPa. It appears to be at least 2 orders of magnitude lower than the longitudinal modulus of nanotubes produced by arc discharge or catalytic CVD methods. The reported experiments and proposed theory suggest possible applications of "soft" nanotubes as sensors to probe minute concentrations of absorbable gases and vapors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Rossi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanotechnology Institute, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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28
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Microfluidic pool structure for cell docking and rapid mixing. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 634:61-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 11/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Zhou Y, Li M, Su B, Lu Q. Superhydrophobic surface created by the silver mirror reaction and its drag-reduction effect on water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b819251k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Abstract
The prevailing approach to cellular molecular analyte investigations employs lysis. Using analogies with automobiles, we explain how current practise ridicules cellular individuality and meaningful variation. Single cell analysis and micro total analysis system (microTAS) prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Doshi
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK M13 9PT
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31
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Viravaidya K, Shuler ML. Incorporation of 3T3-L1 Cells To Mimic Bioaccumulation in a Microscale Cell Culture Analog Device for Toxicity Studies. Biotechnol Prog 2008; 20:590-7. [PMID: 15059006 DOI: 10.1021/bp034238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deficiencies in the early ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity) information on drug candidates extract a significant economic penalty on pharmaceutical firms. We have developed a microscale cell culture analog (microCCA) device that can potentially provide better, faster, and more efficient prediction of human and animal responses to a wide range of chemicals. The system described in this paper is a simple four-chamber microCCA ("lung"-"liver"-"fat"-"other tissue") designed on the basis of a physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) model of a rat. Cultures of L2, HepG2/C3A, and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were selected to mimic the key functions of the lung, liver, and fat compartments, respectively. Here, we have demonstrated the application of the microCCA system to study bioaccumulation, distribution, and toxicity of selected compounds. Results from the bioaccumulation study reveal that hydrophobic compounds such as fluoranthene preferentially accumulated in the fat chamber. Only a small amount of fluoranthene was observed in the liver and lung chambers. In addition, the presence of the differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the microCCA device significantly reduced naphthalene and naphthoquinone-induced glutathione (GSH) depletion. These findings suggest the potential utilization of the microCCA system to assess ADMET characteristics of the compound of interest prior to animal or human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanchanok Viravaidya
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850-5201, USA
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32
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Abstract
An assembly approach for microdevice construction using prefabricated microfluidic components is presented. Although microfluidic systems are convenient platforms for biological assays, their use in the life sciences is still limited mainly due to the high-level fabrication expertise required for construction. This approach involves prefabrication of individual microfluidic assembly blocks (MABs) in PDMS that can be readily assembled to form microfluidic systems. Non-expert users can assemble the blocks on glass slides to build their devices in minutes without any fabrication steps. In this paper, we describe the construction and assembly of the devices using the MAB methodology, and demonstrate common microfluidic applications including laminar flow development, valve control, and cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsoung Rhee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, the University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St. 3074 H.H. Dow Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
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33
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Meng DD, Kim CJCJ. Micropumping of liquid by directional growth and selective venting of gas bubbles. LAB ON A CHIP 2008; 8:958-68. [PMID: 18497918 DOI: 10.1039/b719918j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new mechanism to pump liquid in microchannels based on the directional growth and displacement of gas bubbles in conjunction with the non-directional and selective removal of the bubbles. A majority of the existing bubble-driven micropumps employs boiling despite the unfavorable scaling of energy consumption for miniaturization because the vapor bubbles can be easily removed by condensation. Other gas generation methods are rarely suitable for micropumping applications because it is difficult to remove the gas bubbles promptly from a pump loop. In order to eradicate this limitation, the rapid removal of insoluble gas bubbles without liquid leakage is achieved with hydrophobic nanopores, allowing the use of virtually any kind of bubbles. In this paper, electrolysis and gas injection are demonstrated as two distinctively different gas sources. The proposed mechanism is first proved by circulating water in a looped microchannel. Using H(2) and O(2) gas bubbles continuously generated by electrolysis, a prototype device with a looped channel shows a volumetric flow rate of 4.5-13.5 nL s(-1) with a direct current (DC) power input of 2-85 mW. A similar device with an open-ended microchannel gives a maximum flow rate of approximately 65 nL s(-1) and a maximum pressure head of approximately 195 Pa with 14 mW input. The electrolytic-bubble-driven micropump operates with a 10-100 times higher power efficiency than its thermal-bubble-driven counterparts and exhibits better controllability. The pumping mechanism is then implemented by injecting nitrogen gas bubbles to demonstrate the flexibility of bubble sources, which would allow one to choose them for specific needs (e.g., energy efficiency, thermal sensitivity, biocompatibility, and adjustable flow rate), making the proposed mechanism attractive for many applications including micro total analysis systems (microTAS) and micro fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Desheng Meng
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1597, USA.
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34
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Chan-Park MB, Yang C, Guo X, Chen L, Yoon SF, Chun JH. Fabrication of 3-D curved microstructures by constrained gas expansion and photopolymerization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:5492-9. [PMID: 18442275 DOI: 10.1021/la703608p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a novel method of fabricating three-dimensional (3-D) curved microstructures with continuous relief through controlled argon gas expansion into a photocurable resin. A microstructured stamp is placed on top of a nonwetting photopolymerizable liquid resin. The setup is heated, and the argon gas in the blind holes of the stamp expands. The expanded gas displaces the resin at the mouth of the microcavities to form 3-D curved indentations in the liquid resin which is subsequently rapidly solidified by photopolymerization. By changing the duration of the preheating, different curvatures can be produced. Arrays of homogeneous 3-D curved microstructures having different cross-sectional geometries and heights were fabricated using various shapes of the blind holes and preheating times, respectively. As a demonstration of applications, high-quality and uniform polydimethylsiloxane microlens arrays were produced. In addition, thorough investigation was carried out to study the factors influencing the fabricated 3-D curved microstructures. Curved microstructures with diameters as small as 2 microm were demonstrated. A simple model was developed, and such a model allows for predicting the curvatures of indentations with different preheating times. It has been found that the predicted curvatures are in good agreement with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B Chan-Park
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798.
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35
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Li G, Wang B, Liu Y, Tan T, Song X, Li E, Yan H. Stable superhydrophobic surface: fabrication of interstitial cottonlike structure of copper nanocrystals by magnetron sputtering. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2008; 9:025006. [PMID: 27877981 PMCID: PMC5099738 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/9/2/025006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Revised: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A stable superhydrophobic copper surface was obtained by radio-frequency magnetic sputtering on Si (100) and quartz substrates. The water contact angle and sliding angle of the superhydrophobic copper surface were 160.5° and 3±1.9°, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos show that the superhydrophobic surface structure comprises many uniform nanocrystals with a diameter of about 100 nm. A brief explanation of the formation of this special microstructure and the mechanism of its wettability were proposed.
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36
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Immunoassay Using Microfluid Filters Constructed by Deep X-Ray Lithography. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2007; 71:3098-101. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Matsui K, Kawaji I, Utsumi Y, Ukita Y, Asano T, Takeo M, Kato DI, Negoro S. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for nonylphenol using antibody-bound microfluid filters in vertical fluidic operation. J Biosci Bioeng 2007; 104:347-50. [DOI: 10.1263/jbb.104.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Chen R, Cheng H, Wu W, Ai X, Huang W, Wang Z, Cheng J. Analysis of inorganic and small organic ions by CE with amperometric detection. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:3347-61. [PMID: 17847134 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis has become a widely useful analytical technology. Amperometric detection is extensively employed in capillary electrophoresis for its many inherent virtues, such as rapid response, remarkable sensitivity, and low cost of both detectors and instrumentations. Analysis of inorganic and small organic ions by capillary electrophoresis is an important research field. This review focuses on the recent developments of capillary electrophoresis coupled with amperometric detection for analysis of inorganic and small organic ions. Advancements in electrophoresis separation modes, amperometric detection modes, working electrodes, and applications of inorganic ions, amino acids, phenols, and amines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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39
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Yin D, Lunt EJ, Rudenko MI, Deamer DW, Hawkins AR, Schmidt H. Planar optofluidic chip for single particle detection, manipulation, and analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2007; 7:1171-5. [PMID: 17713616 DOI: 10.1039/b708861b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a fully planar integrated optofluidic platform that permits single particle detection, manipulation and analysis on a chip. Liquid-core optical waveguides guide both light and fluids in the same volume. They are integrated with fluidic reservoirs and solid-core optical waveguides to define sub-picoliter excitation volumes and collect the optical signal, resulting in fully planar beam geometries. Single fluorescently labeled liposomes are used to demonstrate the capabilities of the optofluidic chip. Liposome motion is controlled electrically, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is used to determine concentration and dynamic properties such as diffusion coefficient and velocity. This demonstration of fully planar particle analysis on a semiconductor chip may lead to a new class of planar optofluidics-based instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Yin
- School of Engineering, University of CA Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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40
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Yang J, Pi X, Zhang L, Liu X, Yang J, Cao Y, Zhang W, Zheng X. Diffusion characteristics of a T-type microchannel with different configurations and inlet angles. ANAL SCI 2007; 23:697-703. [PMID: 17575354 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.23.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of symmetrical and asymmetrical microfluidic T-sensors with different inlet angles were fabricated to study the mixing characteristics of a T-type microstructure for generating concentration gradient. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations showed that the concentration gradient, transition zone and diffusion length were different for various configurations and inlet angles. Quick mix and sharp concentration gradient occurred in the asymmetrical structure with large inlet angle. The observed concentration gradients in the fabricated microchannel were consistent with the theoretical prediction. In this microstructure, stagnant zone and z-direction diffusion also affected the concentration gradient. Based on the simulation results, the microfluidic structure was optimized to generate desired concentration gradient for a cell-based study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Jang LS, Chao SH, Holl MR, Meldrum DR. Resonant Mode-hopping Micromixing. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. A, PHYSICAL 2007; 138:179-186. [PMID: 19551159 PMCID: PMC2699686 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2007.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A common micromixer design strategy is to generate interleaved flow topologies to enhance diffusion. However, problems with these designs include complicated structures and dead volumes within the flow fields. We present an active micromixer using a resonating piezoceramic/silicon composite diaphragm to generate acoustic streaming flow topologies. Circulation patterns are observed experimentally and correlate to the resonant mode shapes of the diaphragm. The dead volumes in the flow field are eliminated by rapidly switching from one discrete resonant mode to another (i.e., resonant mode-hop). Mixer performance is characterized by mixing buffer with a fluorescence tracer containing fluorescein. Movies of the mixing process are analyzed by converting fluorescent images to two-dimensional fluorescein concentration distributions. The results demonstrate that mode-hopping operation rapidly homogenized chamber contents, circumventing diffusion-isolated zones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shih-Hui Chao
- Corresponding author. Tel: +1 206 6856885; fax: +1 206 2215264. E-mail address: (S. H. Chao)
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42
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Luo D, Pullela SR, Marquez M, Cheng Z. Cell encapsules with tunable transport and mechanical properties. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2007; 1:34102. [PMID: 19693358 PMCID: PMC2716916 DOI: 10.1063/1.2757156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We utilized a microfluidic device with hydrodynamic flow focusing geometry to produce uniform agarose droplets in the range of 50 to 110 mum. The transport property of the thermally gelled particles was tailored by layer-by-layer (LBL) polyelectrolytes coating on the surface and was measured via the release rates of Rhodamine B. The mechanical strength of the capsules was further enhanced by a coating of silica nano-particles in addition to polyelectrolyte coatings. We demonstrated that yeast cells can be successfully encapsulated into agarose capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Luo
- Artie McFerrin, Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, USA and INEST (Interdisciplinary Network of Emerging Science and Technologies) Group Postgraduate Program, Philip Morris USA, Richmond, Virginia 23234, USA
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43
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Kim S, Chen L, Lee S, Seong GH, Choo J, Lee EK, Oh CH, Lee S. Rapid DNA hybridization analysis using a PDMS microfluidic sensor and a molecular beacon. ANAL SCI 2007; 23:401-5. [PMID: 17420542 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.23.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A rapid DNA analysis has been developed based on a fluorescence intensity change of a molecular beacon in a PDMS microfluidic channel. Recently, we reported a new analytical method of DNA hybridization involving a PDMS microfluidic sensor using fluorescence energy transfer (FRET). However, there are some limitations in its application to real DNA samples because the target DNA must be labelled with a suitable fluorescent dye. To resolve this problem, we have developed a new DNA microfluidic sensor using a molecular beacon. By monitoring the change in the restored fluorescence intensity along the channel length, it is possible to rapidly detect any hybridization of the molecular beacon to the target DNA. In this case, the target DNA does not need to be labelled. Our experimental results demonstrate that this microfluidic sensor using a molecular beacon is a promising diagnostic tool for rapid DNA hybridization analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyong Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, South Korea
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Shui L, Eijkel JCT, van den Berg A. Multiphase flow in microfluidic systems --control and applications of droplets and interfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 133:35-49. [PMID: 17445759 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Micro- and nanotechnology can provide us with many tools for the production, study and detection of colloidal and interfacial systems. In multiphase flow in micro- and nanochannels several immiscible fluids will be separated from each other by flexible fluidic interfaces. The multiphase coexistence and the small-volume confinement provide many attractive characteristics. Multiphase flow in microfluidic systems shows a complicated behavior but has many practical uses compared to a single-phase flow. In this paper, we discuss the methods of controlling multiphase flow to generate either micro- or nano-droplets (or bubbles) or stable stratified interfaces between fluidic phases. Furthermore, applications of the droplets and interfaces in microchannels are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Shui
- BIOS/Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Jung J, Chen L, Lee S, Kim S, Seong GH, Choo J, Lee EK, Oh CH, Lee S. Fast and sensitive DNA analysis using changes in the FRET signals of molecular beacons in a PDMS microfluidic channel. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:2609-15. [PMID: 17318519 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2006] [Revised: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new DNA hybridization analytical method using a microfluidic channel and a molecular beacon-based probe (MB-probe) is described. A stem-loop DNA oligonucleotide labeled with two fluorophores at the 5' and 3' termini (a donor dye, TET, and an acceptor dye, TAMRA, respectively) was used to carry out a fast and sensitive DNA analysis. The MB-probe utilized the specificity and selectivity of the DNA hairpin-type probe DNA to detect a specific target DNA of interest. The quenching of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) signal between the two fluorophores, caused by the sequence-specific hybridization of the MB-probe and the target DNA, was used to detect a DNA hybridization reaction in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic channel. The azoospermia gene, DYS 209, was used as the target DNA to demonstrate the applicability of the method. A simple syringe pumping system was used for quick and accurate analysis. The laminar flow along the channel could be easily controlled by the 3-D channel structure and flow speed. By injecting the MB-probe and target DNA solutions into a zigzag-shaped PDMS microfluidic channel, it was possible to detect their sequence-specific hybridization. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was also used to provide complementary evidence of the DNA hybridization. Our data show that this technique is a promising real-time detection method for label-free DNA targets in the solution phase. Figure FRET-based DNA hybridization detection using a molecular beacon in a zigzag-shaped PDMS microfluidic channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Jung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
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Huang TT, Mosier NS, Ladisch MR. Surface engineering of microchannel walls for protein separation and directed microfluidic flow. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:1733-42. [PMID: 16970182 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of surfaces in microfluidic devices that selectively retain proteins may be difficult to implement due to the incompatibility of derivatization methods with microdevice fabrication techniques. This review describes recently reported developments in simple and rapid methods for engineering the surface chemistries of microchannels based on construction of press-fit microdevices. These devices are fabricated by placing a glass fiber on a PDMS film and pressing the film on a silicon wafer or a microscope slide that has been derivatized with octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODS). The film adheres to the slide and forms an elliptically shaped channel around the fiber. The combination of surface wettability of a hydrophilic glass microfiber and the surrounding hydrophobic microchannel surfaces directs a narrow boundary layer of liquid next to the fiber in order to bring the sample in contact with the separation media and results in selective retention of proteins. This phenomenon may be exploited to enable microscale separation applications since there are a wide variety of fibers available with different chemistries. These may be used to rapidly fabricate microchannels that serve as stationary phases for separation at a microscale. The fundamental properties of such devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom T Huang
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Huang TT, Taylor DG, Lim KS, Sedlak M, Bashir R, Mosier NS, Ladisch MR. Surface-directed boundary flow in microfluidic channels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:6429-37. [PMID: 16800710 DOI: 10.1021/la053465h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Channel geometry combined with surface chemistry enables a stable liquid boundary flow to be attained along the surfaces of a 12 microm diameter hydrophilic glass fiber in a closed semi-elliptical channel. Surface free energies and triangular corners formed by PDMS/glass fiber or OTS/glass fiber surfaces are shown to be responsible for the experimentally observed wetting phenomena and formation of liquid boundary layers that are 20-50 microm wide and 12 microm high. Viewing this stream through a 20 microm slit results in a virtual optical window with a 5 pL liquid volume suitable for cell counting and pathogen detection. The geometry that leads to the boundary layer is a closed channel that forms triangular corners where glass fiber and the OTS coated glass slide or PDMS touch. The contact angles and surfaces direct positioning of the fluid next to the fiber. Preferential wetting of corner regions initiates the boundary flow, while the elliptical cross-section of the channel stabilizes the microfluidic flow. The Young-Laplace equation, solved using fluid dynamic simulation software, shows contact angles that exceed 105 degrees will direct the aqueous fluid to a boundary layer next to a hydrophilic fiber with a contact angle of 5 degrees. We believe this is the first time that an explanation has been offered for the case of a boundary layer formation in a closed channel directed by a triangular geometry with two hydrophobic wetting edges adjacent to a hydrophilic surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom T Huang
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Kaji H, Hashimoto M, Nishizawa M. On-Demand Patterning of Protein Matrixes Inside a Microfluidic Device. Anal Chem 2006; 78:5469-73. [PMID: 16878884 DOI: 10.1021/ac060304p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
On-demand immobilization of proteins at specific locations in a microfluidic device would advance many types of bioassays. We describe a strategy to create a patterned surface within a microfluidic channel by electrochemical means, which enables site-specific immobilization of protein matrixes and cells under physiological conditions, even after the device is fully assembled. By locally generating hypobromous acid at a microelectrode in the microchannel, the heparin-coated channel surface rapidly switches from antibiofouling to protein-adhering. Since this transformation allows compartmentalizing of multiple types of antibodies into distinct regions throughout the single microchannel, simultaneous assay of two kinds of complementary proteins was possible. This patterning procedure can be applied to conventional microfluidic devices since it requires only some electrodes and a voltage source (1.7 V, DC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kaji
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Russom A, Haasl S, Brookes AJ, Andersson H, Stemme G. Rapid Melting Curve Analysis on Monolayered Beads for High-Throughput Genotyping of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms. Anal Chem 2006; 78:2220-5. [PMID: 16579600 DOI: 10.1021/ac051771u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a rapid solid-phase melting curve analysis method for single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping. The melting curve analysis is based on dynamic allele-specific hybridization (DASH). The DNA duplexes are conjugated on beads that are immobilized on the surface of a microheater chip with integrated heaters and temperature sensors. SNP on PCR products were scored, illustrating the sensitivity and robustness of the system. The method is based on random bead immobilization by microcontact printing. Single-bead detection and multiplexing were performed with a heating rate more than 20 times faster than conventional DASH. Analyses that took more than 15 min could be performed in less that 1 min, enabling ultrarapid SNP analysis. In addition, an array version of the chip was implemented enabling the preparation of an array of bead arrays for high-throughput and rapid SNP genotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Russom
- Department of Signals, Sensors and Systems, Microsystem Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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LI YANBIN, SU XIAOLI. MICROFLUIDICS-BASED OPTICAL BIOSENSING METHOD FOR RAPID DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2006.00034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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