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Lu ZF, Hsu CY, Younis NK, Mustafa MA, Matveeva EA, Al-Juboory YHO, Adil M, Athab ZH, Abdulraheem MN. Exploring the significance of microbiota metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis: uncovering their contribution from disease development to biomarker potential. APMIS 2024; 132:382-415. [PMID: 38469726 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and joint destruction. Recent research has elucidated the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and RA pathogenesis, underscoring the role of microbiota-derived metabolites as pivotal contributors to disease development and progression. The human gut microbiota, comprising a vast array of microorganisms and their metabolic byproducts, plays a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis. Dysbiosis of this microbial community has been linked to numerous autoimmune disorders, including RA. Microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan derivatives, Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), bile acids, peptidoglycan, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), exhibit immunomodulatory properties that can either exacerbate or ameliorate inflammation in RA. Mechanistically, these metabolites influence immune cell differentiation, cytokine production, and gut barrier integrity, collectively shaping the autoimmune milieu. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the intricate crosstalk between microbiota metabolites and RA pathogenesis and also discusses the potential of specific metabolites to trigger or suppress autoimmunity, shedding light on their molecular interactions with immune cells and signaling pathways. Additionally, this review explores the translational aspects of microbiota metabolites as diagnostic and prognostic tools in RA. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of translating these findings into clinical practice are critically examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Feng Lu
- Heilongjiang Beidahuang Group General Hospital, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chou-Yi Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Mohammed Ahmed Mustafa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Imam Jaafar AL-Sadiq, Kirkuk, Iraq
| | - Elena A Matveeva
- Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Mohaned Adil
- Pharmacy College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Zainab H Athab
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
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Mukherjee A, Fallacaro S, Ratchasanmuang P, Zinski J, Boka A, Shankta K, Mir M. A fine kinetic balance of interactions directs transcription factor hubs to genes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.16.589811. [PMID: 38659757 PMCID: PMC11042322 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.589811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic gene regulation relies on the binding of sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs). TFs bind chromatin transiently yet occupy their target sites by forming high-local concentration microenvironments (hubs and condensates) that increase the frequency of binding events. Despite their ubiquity, such microenvironments have been difficult to study in endogenous contexts due to technical limitations. Here, we overcome these limitations and investigate how hubs drive TF occupancy at their targets. Using a DNA binding perturbation to a hub-forming TF, Zelda, in Drosophila embryos, we find that hub properties, including the stability and frequencies of associations to targets, are key determinants of TF occupancy. Our data suggest that the targeting of these hubs is driven not just by specific DNA motif recognition, but also by a fine-tuned kinetic balance of interactions between TFs and their co-binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apratim Mukherjee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Samantha Fallacaro
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Developmental, Stem Cell, and Regenerative Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Puttachai Ratchasanmuang
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Joseph Zinski
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Alan Boka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kareena Shankta
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Program in Life Sciences and Management, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mustafa Mir
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Hannon CE, Eisen MB. Intrinsic protein disorder is insufficient to drive subnuclear clustering in embryonic transcription factors. eLife 2024; 12:RP88221. [PMID: 38275292 PMCID: PMC10945700 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Modern microscopy has revealed that core nuclear functions, including transcription, replication, and heterochromatin formation, occur in spatially restricted clusters. Previous work from our lab has shown that subnuclear high-concentration clusters of transcription factors may play a role in regulating RNA synthesis in the early Drosophila embryo. A nearly ubiquitous feature of eukaryotic transcription factors is that they contain intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) that often arise from low complexity amino acid sequences within the protein. It has been proposed that IDRs within transcription factors drive co-localization of transcriptional machinery and target genes into high-concentration clusters within nuclei. Here, we test that hypothesis directly, by conducting a broad survey of the subnuclear localization of IDRs derived from transcription factors. Using a novel algorithm to identify IDRs in the Drosophila proteome, we generated a library of IDRs from transcription factors expressed in the early Drosophila embryo. We used this library to perform a high-throughput imaging screen in Drosophila Schneider-2 (S2) cells. We found that while subnuclear clustering does not occur when the majority of IDRs are expressed alone, it is frequently seen in full-length transcription factors. These results are consistent in live Drosophila embryos, suggesting that IDRs are insufficient to drive the subnuclear clustering behavior of transcription factors. Furthermore, the clustering of transcription factors in living embryos was unaffected by the deletion of IDR sequences. Our results demonstrate that IDRs are unlikely to be the primary molecular drivers of the clustering observed during transcription, suggesting a more complex and nuanced role for these disordered protein sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E Hannon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of CaliforniaBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Michael B Eisen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of CaliforniaBerkeleyUnited States
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Kimura K, Jackson TLB, Huang RCC. Interaction and Collaboration of SP1, HIF-1, and MYC in Regulating the Expression of Cancer-Related Genes to Further Enhance Anticancer Drug Development. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9262-9283. [PMID: 37998757 PMCID: PMC10670631 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Specificity protein 1 (SP1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), and MYC are important transcription factors (TFs). SP1, a constitutively expressed housekeeping gene, regulates diverse yet distinct biological activities; MYC is a master regulator of all key cellular activities including cell metabolism and proliferation; and HIF-1, whose protein level is rapidly increased when the local tissue oxygen concentration decreases, functions as a mediator of hypoxic signals. Systems analyses of the regulatory networks in cancer have shown that SP1, HIF-1, and MYC belong to a group of TFs that function as master regulators of cancer. Therefore, the contributions of these TFs are crucial to the development of cancer. SP1, HIF-1, and MYC are often overexpressed in tumors, which indicates the importance of their roles in the development of cancer. Thus, proper manipulation of SP1, HIF-1, and MYC by appropriate agents could have a strong negative impact on cancer development. Under these circumstances, these TFs have naturally become major targets for anticancer drug development. Accordingly, there are currently many SP1 or HIF-1 inhibitors available; however, designing efficient MYC inhibitors has been extremely difficult. Studies have shown that SP1, HIF-1, and MYC modulate the expression of each other and collaborate to regulate the expression of numerous genes. In this review, we provide an overview of the interactions and collaborations of SP1, HIF1A, and MYC in the regulation of various cancer-related genes, and their potential implications in the development of anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ru Chih C. Huang
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2685, USA
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Gao H, Tuluhong D, Li X, Zhu Y, Xu C, Wang J, Li H, Wang S, Ding W. CircSNX25 mediated by SP1 promotes the carcinogenesis and development of triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Signal 2023:110776. [PMID: 37331414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), according to a growing body of research, are thought to be important in the initiation and development of a number of cancers. However, more research is needed to fully understand how circRNAs work at the molecular level in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). RNA sequencing was conducted on four sets of TNBC samples and their corresponding adjacent noncancerous tissues (ANTs). The circSNX25 expression was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR in TNBC tissues and cells. Several in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted in order to examine the function of circSNX25 in TNBC carcinogenesis. Through luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, we also investigated the potential regulation of circSNX25 biogenesis by specificity protein 1 (SP1). To further validate the relationship between circSNX25 and COPI coat complex subunit beta 1 (COPB1) in TNBC, we conducted circRNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays using the MS2/MS2-CP system. Online databases were analyzed to examine the clinical implications and prognostic value of COPB1 in TNBC. A higher circSNX25 expression levels were observed in tissues and cells of TNBC. Silencing circSNX25 notably inhibited TNBC cell proliferation, triggered apoptosis, and hindered tumor growth in vivo. Conversely, upregulation of circSNX25 had the opposite effects. Mechanistically, circSNX25 was found to physically interact with COPB1. Importantly, we identified that SP1 may enhance circSNX25 biogenesis. COPB1 levels were markedly higher in TNBC cells. Analysis of online databases revealed that TNBC patients with elevated COPB1 levels had a poorer prognosis. Our findings demonstrate that SP1-mediated circSNX25 promotes TNBC carcinogenesis and development. CircSNX25 may therefore serve as both a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Gao
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Dilihumaer Tuluhong
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Xinfang Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Yueyun Zhu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China; General Surgery, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Woman's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 123 Tianfei Xiang, Mochou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China; General Surgery, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Woman's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 123 Tianfei Xiang, Mochou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Jingjie Wang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China; General Surgery, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Woman's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 123 Tianfei Xiang, Mochou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Hanjun Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China; General Surgery, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Woman's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 123 Tianfei Xiang, Mochou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China; General Surgery, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Woman's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 123 Tianfei Xiang, Mochou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China.
| | - Weiwei Ding
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China.
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Conner AN, Fuller MT, Kellish PC, Arya DP. Thermodynamics of d(GGGGCCCC) Binding to Neomycin-Class Aminoglycosides. Biochemistry 2023. [PMID: 37172221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
DNA adopts a number of conformations that can affect its binding to other macromolecules. The conformations (A, B, Z) can be sequence- and/or solution-dependent. While AT-rich DNA sequences generally adopt a Canonical B-form structure, GC-rich sequences are more promiscuous. Recognition of GC-rich nucleic acids by small molecules has been much more challenging than the recognition of AT-rich duplexes. Spectrophotometric and calorimetric techniques were used to characterize the binding of neomycin-class aminoglycosides to a GC-rich DNA duplex, G4C4, in various ionic and pH conditions. Our results reveal that binding enhances the thermal stability of G4C4, with thermal enhancement decreasing with increasing pH and/or Na+ concentration. Although G4C4 bound to aminoglycosides demonstrated a mixed A- and B-form conformation, circular dichroism studies indicate that binding induces a conformational shift toward A-form DNA. Isothermal titration calorimetry studies reveal that aminoglycoside binding to G4C4 is linked to the uptake of protons at pH = 7.0 and that this uptake is pH-dependent. Increased pH and/or Na+ concentration results in a decrease in G4C4 affinity for the aminoglycosides. The binding affinities of the aminoglycosides follow the expected hierarchy: neomycin > paromomycin > ribostamycin. The salt dependence of DNA binding affinities of aminoglycosides is consistent with at least two drug NH3+ groups participating in electrostatic interactions with G4C4. These studies further embellish our understanding of the many factors facilitating recognition of GC-rich DNA structures as guided by their optimum charge and shape complementarity for small-molecule amino sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Conner
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Makala T Fuller
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Patrick C Kellish
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Dev P Arya
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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Wang J, Zhu N, Su X, Gao Y, Yang R. Gut-Microbiota-Derived Metabolites Maintain Gut and Systemic Immune Homeostasis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050793. [PMID: 36899929 PMCID: PMC10000530 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses and phages, inhabits the gastrointestinal tract. This commensal microbiota can contribute to the regulation of host immune response and homeostasis. Alterations of the gut microbiota have been found in many immune-related diseases. The metabolites generated by specific microorganisms in the gut microbiota, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan (Trp) and bile acid (BA) metabolites, not only affect genetic and epigenetic regulation but also impact metabolism in the immune cells, including immunosuppressive and inflammatory cells. The immunosuppressive cells (such as tolerogenic macrophages (tMacs), tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs), myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), regulatory B cells (Breg) and innate lymphocytes (ILCs)) and inflammatory cells (such as inflammatory Macs (iMacs), DCs, CD4 T helper (Th)1, CD4Th2, Th17, natural killer (NK) T cells, NK cells and neutrophils) can express different receptors for SCFAs, Trp and BA metabolites from different microorganisms. Activation of these receptors not only promotes the differentiation and function of immunosuppressive cells but also inhibits inflammatory cells, causing the reprogramming of the local and systemic immune system to maintain the homeostasis of the individuals. We here will summarize the recent advances in understanding the metabolism of SCFAs, Trp and BA in the gut microbiota and the effects of SCFAs, Trp and BA metabolites on gut and systemic immune homeostasis, especially on the differentiation and functions of the immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ningning Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunhuan Gao
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Correspondence:
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Origins, timing and introgression of domestic geese revealed by whole genome data. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:26. [PMID: 36782272 PMCID: PMC9926862 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geese are among the most important poultry species in the world. The current generally accepted hypothesis is that the European domestic geese originated from greylag geese (Anser anser), and Chinese domestic geese have two origins, most of which originated from swan geese (Anser cygnoides), and the Yili goose originated from greylag geese. To explain the origin and demographic history of geese, we selected 14 goose breeds from Europe and China and wild populations of swan and greylag geese, and whole genome sequencing data were obtained for 74 samples. RESULTS Population structure analysis and phylogenetic trees showed that the wild ancestor of Chinese domestic geese, except for Yili, is the swan geese, and the wild ancestor of Chinese Yili and European domestic geese is greylag geese. Analysis of the demographic history suggests that the domestication of Chinese geese occurred ~ 3499 years ago and that of the European geese occurred ~ 7552 years ago. Furthermore, gene flow was observed between domestic geese and their wild ancestors. Analysis of introgression showed that Yili geese had been introgressed by Chinese domestic geese, and the body size of Yili geese may be influenced by introgression events of some growth-related genes, including IGF-1. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence for the origin of geese at the genome-wide level and advances the understanding of the history of goose domestication and the traits affected by introgression events.
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Kuznetsova K, Chabot NM, Ugolini M, Wu E, Lalit M, Oda H, Sato Y, Kimura H, Jug F, Vastenhouw NL. Nanog organizes transcription bodies. Curr Biol 2023; 33:164-173.e5. [PMID: 36476751 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The localization of transcriptional activity in specialized transcription bodies is a hallmark of gene expression in eukaryotic cells.1-3 How proteins of the transcriptional machinery come together to form such bodies, however, is unclear. Here, we take advantage of two large, isolated, and long-lived transcription bodies that reproducibly form during early zebrafish embryogenesis to characterize the dynamics of transcription body formation. Once formed, these transcription bodies are enriched for initiating and elongating RNA polymerase II, as well as the transcription factors Nanog and Sox19b. Analyzing the events leading up to transcription, we find that Nanog and Sox19b cluster prior to transcription. The clustering of transcription factors is sequential; Nanog clusters first, and this is required for the clustering of Sox19b and the initiation of transcription. Mutant analysis revealed that both the DNA-binding domain as well as one of the two intrinsically disordered regions of Nanog are required to organize the two bodies of transcriptional activity. Taken together, our data suggest that the clustering of transcription factors dictates the formation of transcription bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Kuznetsova
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Noémie M Chabot
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martino Ugolini
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edlyn Wu
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manan Lalit
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Haruka Oda
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yuko Sato
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Florian Jug
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Fondazione Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, Area MIND, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Nadine L Vastenhouw
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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10
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“Structure”-function relationships in eukaryotic transcription factors: The role of intrinsically disordered regions in gene regulation. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3970-3984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Nair SJ, Suter T, Wang S, Yang L, Yang F, Rosenfeld MG. Transcriptional enhancers at 40: evolution of a viral DNA element to nuclear architectural structures. Trends Genet 2022; 38:1019-1047. [PMID: 35811173 PMCID: PMC9474616 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene regulation by transcriptional enhancers is the dominant mechanism driving cell type- and signal-specific transcriptional diversity in metazoans. However, over four decades since the original discovery, how enhancers operate in the nuclear space remains largely enigmatic. Recent multidisciplinary efforts combining real-time imaging, genome sequencing, and biophysical strategies provide insightful but conflicting models of enhancer-mediated gene control. Here, we review the discovery and progress in enhancer biology, emphasizing the recent findings that acutely activated enhancers assemble regulatory machinery as mesoscale architectural structures with distinct physical properties. These findings help formulate novel models that explain several mysterious features of the assembly of transcriptional enhancers and the mechanisms of spatial control of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith J Nair
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Tom Suter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Susan Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Feng Yang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael G Rosenfeld
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Chong S, Graham TGW, Dugast-Darzacq C, Dailey GM, Darzacq X, Tjian R. Tuning levels of low-complexity domain interactions to modulate endogenous oncogenic transcription. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2084-2097.e5. [PMID: 35483357 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gene activation by mammalian transcription factors (TFs) requires multivalent interactions of their low-complexity domains (LCDs), but how such interactions regulate transcription remains unclear. It has been proposed that extensive LCD-LCD interactions culminating in liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of TFs is the dominant mechanism underlying transactivation. Here, we investigated how tuning the amount and localization of LCD-LCD interactions in vivo affects transcription of endogenous human genes. Quantitative single-cell and single-molecule imaging reveals that the oncogenic TF EWS::FLI1 requires a narrow optimum of LCD-LCD interactions to activate its target genes associated with GGAA microsatellites. Increasing LCD-LCD interactions toward putative LLPS represses transcription of these genes in patient-derived cells. Likewise, ectopically creating LCD-LCD interactions to sequester EWS::FLI1 into a well-documented LLPS compartment, the nucleolus, inhibits EWS::FLI1-driven transcription and oncogenic transformation. Our findings show how altering the balance of LCD-LCD interactions can influence transcriptional regulation and suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting disease-causing TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Chong
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Thomas G W Graham
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Claire Dugast-Darzacq
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; CIRM Center of Excellence, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Gina M Dailey
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; CIRM Center of Excellence, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xavier Darzacq
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; CIRM Center of Excellence, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Robert Tjian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Li Ka Shing Center for Biomedical & Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; CIRM Center of Excellence, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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13
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Gutierrez JI, Brittingham GP, Karadeniz YB, Tran KD, Dutta A, Holehouse AS, Peterson CL, Holt LJ. SWI/SNF senses carbon starvation with a pH-sensitive low complexity sequence. eLife 2022; 11:70344. [PMID: 35129437 PMCID: PMC8890752 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly appreciated that intracellular pH changes are important biological signals. This motivates the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of pH sensing. We determined that a nucleocytoplasmic pH oscillation was required for the transcriptional response to carbon starvation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is a key mediator of this transcriptional response. A glutamine-rich low-complexity domain (QLC) in the SNF5 subunit of this complex, and histidines within this sequence, was required for efficient transcriptional reprogramming. Furthermore, the SNF5 QLC mediated pH-dependent recruitment of SWI/SNF to an acidic transcription factor in a reconstituted nucleosome remodeling assay. Simulations showed that protonation of histidines within the SNF5 QLC leads to conformational expansion, providing a potential biophysical mechanism for regulation of these interactions. Together, our results indicate that pH changes are a second messenger for transcriptional reprogramming during carbon starvation and that the SNF5 QLC acts as a pH sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory P Brittingham
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Health, New York, United States
| | - Yonca B Karadeniz
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Kathleen D Tran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, South Kingstown, United States
| | - Arnob Dutta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, South Kingstown, United States
| | - Alex S Holehouse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
| | - Craig L Peterson
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Liam J Holt
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Health, New York, United States
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14
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Young MJ, Chen YC, Wang SA, Chang HP, Yang WB, Lee CC, Liu CY, Tseng YL, Wang YC, Sun HS, Chang WC, Hung JJ. Estradiol-mediated inhibition of Sp1 decreases miR-3194-5p expression to enhance CD44 expression during lung cancer progression. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:3. [PMID: 35034634 PMCID: PMC8762881 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00787-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sp1, an important transcription factor, is involved in the progression of various cancers. Our previous studies have indicated that Sp1 levels are increased in the early stage of lung cancer progression but decrease during the late stage, leading to poor prognosis. In addition, estrogen has been shown to be involved in lung cancer progression. According to previous studies, Sp1 can interact with the estrogen receptor (ER) to coregulate gene expression. The role of interaction between Sp1 and ER in lung cancer progression is still unknown and will be clarified in this study. METHODS The clinical relevance between Sp1 levels and survival rates in young women with lung cancer was studied by immunohistochemistry. We validated the sex dependence of lung cancer progression in EGFRL858R-induced lung cancer mice. Wound healing assays, chamber assays and sphere formation assays in A549 cells, Taxol-induced drug-resistant A549 (A549-T24) and estradiol (E2)-treated A549 (E2-A549) cells were performed to investigate the roles of Taxol and E2 in lung cancer progression. Luciferase reporter assays, immunoblot and q-PCR were performed to evaluate the interaction between Sp1, microRNAs and CD44. Tail vein-injected xenograft experiments were performed to study lung metastasis. Samples obtained from lung cancer patients were used to study the mRNA level of CD44 by q-PCR and the protein levels of Sp1 and CD44 by immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In this study, we found that Sp1 expression was decreased in premenopausal women with late-stage lung cancer, resulting in a poor prognosis. Tumor formation was more substantial in female EGFRL858R mice than in male mice and ovariectomized female mice, indicating that E2 might be involved in the poor prognosis of lung cancer. We herein report that Sp1 negatively regulates metastasis and cancer stemness in E2-A549 and A549-T24 cells. Furthermore, E2 increases the mRNA and protein levels of RING finger protein 4 (RNF4), which is the E3-ligase of Sp1, and thereby decreases Sp1 levels by promoting Sp1 degradation. Sp1 can be recruited to the promoter of miR-3194-5p, and positively regulate its expression. Furthermore, there was a strong inverse correlation between Sp1 and CD44 levels in clinical lung cancer specimens. Sp1 inhibited CD44 expression by increasing the expression of miR-3194-5p, miR-218-5p, miR-193-5p, miR-182-5p and miR-135-5p, ultimately resulting in lung cancer malignancy. CONCLUSION Premenopausal women with lung cancer and decreased Sp1 levels have a poor prognosis. E2 increases RNF4 expression to repress Sp1 levels in premenopausal women with lung cancer, thus decreasing the expression of several miRNAs that can target CD44 and ultimately leading to cancer malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jer Young
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ching Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shao-An Wang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ping Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine National, Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Liu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Lin Tseng
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine National, Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - H Sunny Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Jong Hung
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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Starace V, Battista M, Brambati M, Cavalleri M, Bertuzzi F, Amato A, Lattanzio R, Bandello F, Cicinelli MV. The role of inflammation and neurodegeneration in diabetic macular edema. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2021; 13:25158414211055963. [PMID: 34901746 PMCID: PMC8652911 DOI: 10.1177/25158414211055963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetic macular edema (DME) is complex. Persistently high blood glucose activates multiple cellular pathways and induces inflammation, oxidation stress, and vascular dysfunction. Retinal ganglion cells, macroglial and microglial cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, and retinal pigment epithelium cells are involved. Neurodegeneration, characterized by dysfunction or apoptotic loss of retinal neurons, occurs early and independently from the vascular alterations. Despite the increasing knowledge on the pathways involved in DME, only limited therapeutic strategies are available. Besides antiangiogenic drugs and intravitreal corticosteroids, alternative therapeutic options tackling inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration have been considered, but none of them has been currently approved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Starace
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Battista
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Brambati
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Cavalleri
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Bertuzzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Amato
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosangela Lattanzio
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bandello
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, ItalySchool of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Cicinelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, ItalySchool of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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16
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Jin Y, Meng L, Yang H, Cheng S, Xiao Y, Wang X, Feng X, Xiong Q, Chen B. The IL-22 gene rs2227478 polymorphism significantly decreases the risk of colorectal cancer in a Han Chinese population. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 228:153690. [PMID: 34808559 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To examine the role of IL-22 gene in colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility, we identified causative genetic polymorphisms in promoter region of IL-22 gene and explored the mechanism underlying their contribution to CRC development in a Chinese population of Hubei province. 13 target single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-22 gene promoter were genotyped in 787 CRC patients (426 colon cancer and 361 rectal cancer) and 800 normal controls. The results demonstrated that the rs2227478 T > C polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of colon cancer, rectal cancer and CRC, and the C allele was associated with a decreased cancer risk than the T allele. In CRC tissue samples, the subjects with CT+CC genotypes of rs2227478 had lower levels of IL-22 mRNA than the subjects with TT genotypes. Further functional analysis revealed that the transcription repressor Sp1 possessed a higher binding affinity to the C allele than the T allele. Collectively, the rs2227478 T > C is a functional genetic polymorphism that significantly reduces the CRC risk in a Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Jin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Linghan Meng
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of WUT-AMU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoyi Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of WUT-AMU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sirui Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiting Xiao
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of WUT-AMU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingru Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of WUT-AMU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianhong Feng
- Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Xinzhou District People's Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiantao Xiong
- Department of Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bifeng Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
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17
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Shamie I, Duttke SH, Karottki KJLC, Han CZ, Hansen AH, Hefzi H, Xiong K, Li S, Roth SJ, Tao J, Lee GM, Glass CK, Kildegaard HF, Benner C, Lewis NE. A Chinese hamster transcription start site atlas that enables targeted editing of CHO cells. NAR Genom Bioinform 2021; 3:lqab061. [PMID: 34268494 PMCID: PMC8276764 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely used for producing biopharmaceuticals, and engineering gene expression in CHO is key to improving drug quality and affordability. However, engineering gene expression or activating silent genes requires accurate annotation of the underlying regulatory elements and transcription start sites (TSSs). Unfortunately, most TSSs in the published Chinese hamster genome sequence were computationally predicted and are frequently inaccurate. Here, we use nascent transcription start site sequencing methods to revise TSS annotations for 15 308 Chinese hamster genes and 3034 non-coding RNAs based on experimental data from CHO-K1 cells and 10 hamster tissues. We further capture tens of thousands of putative transcribed enhancer regions with this method. Our revised TSSs improves upon the RefSeq annotation by revealing core sequence features of gene regulation such as the TATA box and the Initiator and, as exemplified by targeting the glycosyltransferase gene Mgat3, facilitate activating silent genes by CRISPRa. Together, we envision our revised annotation and data will provide a rich resource for the CHO community, improve genome engineering efforts and aid comparative and evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Shamie
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at UC San Diego 92093, USA
| | - Sascha H Duttke
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego 92093, USA
| | - Karen J la Cour Karottki
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Denmark
| | - Claudia Z Han
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego 92093, USA
| | - Anders H Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Denmark
| | - Hooman Hefzi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at UC San Diego 92093, USA
| | - Kai Xiong
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Denmark
| | - Shangzhong Li
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at UC San Diego 92093, USA
| | - Samuel J Roth
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego 92093, USA
| | - Jenhan Tao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego 92093, USA
| | - Gyun Min Lee
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Denmark
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Nathan E Lewis
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at UC San Diego 92093, USA
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18
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Schweer D, McCorkle JR, Rohr J, Tsodikov OV, Ueland F, Kolesar J. Mithramycin and Analogs for Overcoming Cisplatin Resistance in Ovarian Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:70. [PMID: 33445667 PMCID: PMC7828137 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly deadly malignancy in which recurrence is considered incurable. Resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy bodes a particularly abysmal prognosis, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic agents and strategies. The use of mithramycin, an antineoplastic antibiotic, has been previously limited by its narrow therapeutic window. Recent advances in semisynthetic methods have led to mithramycin analogs with improved pharmacological profiles. Mithramycin inhibits the activity of the transcription factor Sp1, which is closely linked with ovarian tumorigenesis and platinum-resistance. This article summarizes recent clinical developments related to mithramycin and postulates a role for the use of mithramycin, or its analog, in the treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schweer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology Lexington, University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (D.S.); (F.U.)
| | - J. Robert McCorkle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (J.R.M.); (J.R.); (O.V.T.)
| | - Jurgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (J.R.M.); (J.R.); (O.V.T.)
| | - Oleg V. Tsodikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (J.R.M.); (J.R.); (O.V.T.)
| | - Frederick Ueland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology Lexington, University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (D.S.); (F.U.)
| | - Jill Kolesar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology Lexington, University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (D.S.); (F.U.)
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19
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Chen J, Wang J, Gao X, Zhu D, Chen L, Duan Y. Toxoplasma gondii excreted-secreted antigens suppress Foxp3 promoter activity via a SP1-dependent mechanism. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10785-10791. [PMID: 32729205 PMCID: PMC7521278 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii excreted-secreted antigens (ESA) could result in adverse outcomes of pregnancy including abortion, stillbirth, foetal infection or teratogenesis in mice during early stage of pregnancy. Defective generation or function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) may account for those adverse pregnancy outcomes. Forkhead box p3 (Foxp3), which is the key transcriptional factor of Tregs, modulates its development and maintains inhibitory function. We previously demonstrated that ESA inhibited Foxp3 expression by attenuating transforming growth factor β RII/Smad2/Smad3/Smad4 pathway. In this study, we propose to study the role of ESA on the activity of Foxp3 promoter and explore potential mechanisms. We demonstrated that ESA suppressed Foxp3 promoter activity using dual-luciferase reporter assay. ESA functioned at -443/-96 region of Foxp3 promoter to suppress its activity using truncated fragments of Foxp3 promoter. Further analysis revealed that suppressive role of ESA on Foxp3 promoter activity is related to specificity protein 1 (SP1). Transfection of expression plasmid of pcDNA3.1-SP1 could restore the down-regulation of Foxp3 induced by ESA. In conclusion, this study provides a new mechanism by which ESA could inhibit the Foxp3 promoter activity via SP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Chen
- Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of MedicineNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of MedicineNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Xuyang Gao
- Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of MedicineNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of MedicineNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Liuting Chen
- Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of MedicineNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yinong Duan
- Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of MedicineNantong UniversityNantongChina
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20
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Roman B, Kaur P, Ashok D, Kohr M, Biswas R, O'Rourke B, Steenbergen C, Das S. Nuclear-mitochondrial communication involving miR-181c plays an important role in cardiac dysfunction during obesity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 144:87-96. [PMID: 32442661 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In cardiomyocytes, there is microRNA (miR) in the mitochondria that originates from the nuclear genome and matures in the cytoplasm before translocating into the mitochondria. Overexpression of one such miR, miR-181c, can lead to heart failure by stimulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increasing mitochondrial calcium level ([Ca2+]m). Mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 protein (MICU1), a regulatory protein in the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex, plays an important role in regulating [Ca2+]m. Obesity results in miR-181c overexpression and a decrease in MICU1. We hypothesize that lowering miR-181c would protect against obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS We used an in vivo mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD) for 18 weeks and induced high lipid load in H9c2 cells with oleate-conjugated bovine serum albumin in vitro. We tested the cardioprotective role of lowering miR-181c by using miR-181c/d-/- mice (in vivo) and AntagomiR against miR-181c (in vitro). HFD significantly upregulated heart levels of miR-181c and led to cardiac hypertrophy in wild-type mice, but not in miR-181c/d-/- mice. HFD also increased ROS production and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity (a surrogate for [Ca2+]m), but the increases were alleviated in miR-181c/d-/- mice. Moreover, miR-181c/d-/- mice fed a HFD had higher levels of MICU1 than did wild-type mice fed a HFD, attenuating the rise in [Ca2+]m. Overexpression of miR-181c in neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes (NMVM) caused increased ROS production, which oxidized transcription factor Sp1 and led to a loss of Sp1, thereby slowing MICU1 transcription. Hence, miR-181c increases [Ca2+]m through Sp1 oxidation and downregulation of MICU1, suggesting that the cardioprotective effect of miR-181c/d-/- results from inhibition of Sp1 oxidation. CONCLUSION This study has identified a unique nuclear-mitochondrial communication mechanism in the heart orchestrated by miR-181c. Obesity-induced overexpression of miR-181c increases [Ca2+]m via downregulation of MICU1 and leads to cardiac injury. A strategy to inhibit miR-181c in cardiomyocytes can preserve cardiac function during obesity by improving mitochondrial function. Altering miR-181c expression may provide a pharmacologic approach to improve cardiomyopathy in individuals with obesity/type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Roman
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Pawandeep Kaur
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Deepthi Ashok
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Mark Kohr
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Roopa Biswas
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Charles Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
| | - Samarjit Das
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
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21
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A viral toolkit for recording transcription factor-DNA interactions in live mouse tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:10003-10014. [PMID: 32300008 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918241117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) enact precise regulation of gene expression through site-specific, genome-wide binding. Common methods for TF-occupancy profiling, such as chromatin immunoprecipitation, are limited by requirement of TF-specific antibodies and provide only end-point snapshots of TF binding. Alternatively, TF-tagging techniques, in which a TF is fused to a DNA-modifying enzyme that marks TF-binding events across the genome as they occur, do not require TF-specific antibodies and offer the potential for unique applications, such as recording of TF occupancy over time and cell type specificity through conditional expression of the TF-enzyme fusion. Here, we create a viral toolkit for one such method, calling cards, and demonstrate that these reagents can be delivered to the live mouse brain and used to report TF occupancy. Further, we establish a Cre-dependent calling cards system and, in proof-of-principle experiments, show utility in defining cell type-specific TF profiles and recording and integrating TF-binding events across time. This versatile approach will enable unique studies of TF-mediated gene regulation in live animal models.
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22
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Vellingiri B, Iyer M, Devi Subramaniam M, Jayaramayya K, Siama Z, Giridharan B, Narayanasamy A, Abdal Dayem A, Cho SG. Understanding the Role of the Transcription Factor Sp1 in Ovarian Cancer: from Theory to Practice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1153. [PMID: 32050495 PMCID: PMC7038193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the deadliest cancers among women contributing to high risk of mortality, mainly owing to delayed detection. There is no specific biomarker for its detection in early stages. However, recent findings show that over-expression of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) is involved in many OC cases. The ubiquitous transcription of Sp1 apparently mediates the maintenance of normal and cancerous biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cellular reprogramming and tumorigenesis. Sp1 exerts its effects on cellular genes containing putative GC-rich Sp1-binding site in their promoters. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying Sp1 transcription factor (TF) regulation and functions in OC tumorigenesis could help identify novel prognostic markers, to target cancer stem cells (CSCs) by following cellular reprogramming and enable the development of novel therapies for future generations. In this review, we address the structure, function, and biology of Sp1 in normal and cancer cells, underpinning the involvement of Sp1 in OC tumorigenesis. In addition, we have highlighted the influence of Sp1 TF in cellular reprogramming of iPSCs and how it plays a role in controlling CSCs. This review highlights the drugs targeting Sp1 and their action on cancer cells. In conclusion, we predict that research in this direction will be highly beneficial for OC treatment, and chemotherapeutic drugs targeting Sp1 will emerge as a promising therapy for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641043, India; (M.I.); (K.J.)
| | - Mohana Devi Subramaniam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai 600006, India;
| | - Kaavya Jayaramayya
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641043, India; (M.I.); (K.J.)
| | - Zothan Siama
- Department of Zoology, School of Life-science, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India;
| | - Bupesh Giridharan
- R&D Wing, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH), BIHER, Chromepet, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center, Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center, Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
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Banavath HN, Roman B, Mackowski N, Biswas D, Afzal J, Nomura Y, Solhjoo S, O'Rourke B, Kohr M, Murphy E, Steenbergen C, Das S. miR-181c Activates Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake by Regulating MICU1 in the Heart. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012919. [PMID: 31801413 PMCID: PMC6951067 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Translocation of miR‐181c into cardiac mitochondria downregulates the mitochondrial gene, mt‐COX1. miR‐181c/d−/− hearts experience less oxidative stress during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and are protected against I/R injury. Additionally, miR‐181c overexpression can increase mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ ([Ca2+]m), but the mechanism by which miR‐181c regulates [Ca2+]m is unknown. Methods and Results By RNA sequencing and analysis, here we show that hearts from miR‐181c/d−/− mice overexpress nuclear‐encoded Ca2+ regulatory and metabolic pathway genes, suggesting that alterations in miR‐181c and mt‐COX1 perturb mitochondria‐to‐nucleus retrograde signaling and [Ca2+]m regulation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation of transcription factors that are known to initiate retrograde signaling revealed significantly higher Sp1 (specificity protein) expression in the miR‐181c/d−/− hearts. Furthermore, an association of Sp1 with the promoter region of MICU1 was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction and higher expression of MICU1 was found in the miR‐181c/d−/− hearts. Conversely, downregulation of Sp1 by small interfering RNA decreased MICU1 expression in neonatal mouse ventricular myocytes. Changes in PDH activity provided evidence for a change in [Ca2+]m via the miR‐181c/MICU1 axis. Moreover, this mechanism was implicated in the pathology of I/R injury. When MICU1 was knocked down in the miR‐181c/d−/− heart by lentiviral expression of a short‐hairpin RNA against MICU1, cardioprotective effects against I/R injury were abrogated. Furthermore, using an in vitro I/R model in miR‐181c/d−/− neonatal mouse ventricular myocytes, we confirmed the contribution of both Sp1 and MICU1 in ischemic injury. Conclusions miR‐181c regulates mt‐COX1, which in turn regulates MICU1 expression through the Sp1‐mediated mitochondria‐to‐nucleus retrograde pathway. Loss of miR‐181c can protect the heart from I/R injury by modulating [Ca2+]m through the upregulation of MICU1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Roman
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Nathan Mackowski
- Department of Environmental Health and EngineeringJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | - Debjit Biswas
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Junaid Afzal
- Department of MedicineUCSF School of MedicineSan FranciscoCA
| | - Yohei Nomura
- Division of Cardiac SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Soroosh Solhjoo
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Mark Kohr
- Department of Environmental Health and EngineeringJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Cardiac Physiology SectionNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteNIHBethesdaMD
| | | | - Samarjit Das
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
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Effects of in ovo injection of vitamin C on heat shock protein and metabolic genes expression. Animal 2019; 14:360-367. [PMID: 31566174 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119002088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Some studies have shown that the excessive metabolic heat production is the primary cause for dead chicken embryos during late embryonic development. Increasing heat shock protein (HSP) expression and adjusting metabolism are important ways to maintain body homeostasis under heat stress. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo injection (IOI) of vitamin C (VC) at embryonic age 11th day (E11) on HSP and metabolic genes expression. A total of 320 breeder eggs were randomly divided into normal saline and VC injection groups. We detected plasma VC content and rectal temperature at chick's age 1st day, and the mRNA levels of HSP and metabolic genes in embryonic livers at E14, 16 and 18, analysed the promoter methylation levels of differentially expressed genes and predicted transcription factors at the promoter regions. The results showed that IOI of VC significantly increased plasma VC content and decreased rectal temperature (P < 0.05). In ovo injection of VC significantly increased heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) genes expression at E16 and PDK4 and secreted frizzled related protein 1 (SFRP1) at E18 (P < 0.05). At E16, IOI of VC significantly decreased the methylation levels of total CpG sites and -336 CpG site in HSP60 promoter and -1137 CpG site in PDK4 promoter (P < 0.05). Potential binding sites for nuclear factor-1 were found around -389 and -336 CpG sites in HSP60 promoter and potential binding site for specificity protein 1 was found around -1137 CpG site in PDK4 promoter. Our results suggested that IOI of VC increased HSP60, PDK4 and SFRP1 genes expression at E16 and 18, which may be associated with the demethylation in gene promoters. Whether IOI of VC could improve hatchability needs to be further verified by setting uninjection group.
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25
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Organization and regulation of gene transcription. Nature 2019; 573:45-54. [PMID: 31462772 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The regulated transcription of genes determines cell identity and function. Recent structural studies have elucidated mechanisms that govern the regulation of transcription by RNA polymerases during the initiation and elongation phases. Microscopy studies have revealed that transcription involves the condensation of factors in the cell nucleus. A model is emerging for the transcription of protein-coding genes in which distinct transient condensates form at gene promoters and in gene bodies to concentrate the factors required for transcription initiation and elongation, respectively. The transcribing enzyme RNA polymerase II may shuttle between these condensates in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Molecular principles are being defined that rationalize transcriptional organization and regulation, and that will guide future investigations.
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Li Q, Gao H, Yang H, Wei W, Jiang Y. Estradiol promotes the progression of ER+ breast cancer through methylation-mediated RSK4 inactivation. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5907-5916. [PMID: 31413588 PMCID: PMC6659789 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s208988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It’s well documented that estrogen plays a vital role in breast cancer progression, but the molecular mechanisms underlying it still remains incompletely clear. This study aimed to explore whether ribosomal protein S6 kinase 4 (RSK4) was involved in estrogen-induced breast cancer development and its underlying mechanism. Methods: The expressions of estrogen receptor (ER) and RSK4 were assessed by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blotting. The methylation of RSK4 promoter was evaluated by bisulfite genomic sequencing. MTT, clone formation, flow cytometry and Transwell chamber assays were performed to detect cell proliferation, clone formation, apoptosis and invasion abilities. Luciferase gene reporter assay was used to detect the transcriptional activity of RSK4. The expressions of methyltransferases, such as DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B were tested by Western blotting. Results: ER expression and RSK4 methylation were significantly elevated in ER positive (ER+) breast cancer tissues and MCF-7 cells, whereas RSK4 expression was reduced. 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment obviously decreased RSK4 expression and transcriptional activity, as well as promoted cell proliferation, clone formation and invasion and reduced cell apoptosis in ER+ MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, E2 reduced RSK4 expression through promoting DNMT3B-induced RSK4 methylation. Conclusion: In summary, the present study reveals that estrogen promotes the progression of breast cancer through methylation-mediated RSK4 inactivation in ER+ breast cancer. Our study might provide a novel target for the treatment of ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
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Chen YT, Tsai HP, Wu CC, Chen CY, Chai CY, Kwan AL. High-level Sp1 is Associated with Proliferation, Invasion, and Poor Prognosis in Astrocytoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 25:1003-1013. [PMID: 29948615 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytoma is the most common and the most lethal primary brain tumor in adults. Grade IV glioblastoma is usually refractory to currently available surgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiotherapeutic treatments. The Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) transcription factor is known to regulate tumorigenesis in many cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic role of Sp1 protein in the carcinogenesis of astrocytoma. This study analyzed 98 astrocytoma cases treated at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital during 2002-2012. Clinicopathologic parameters associated with Sp1 were analyzed by chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox regression analyses. In vitro proliferation, invasion, and migration were compared between non-siRNA groups and Sp1 siRNA groups. In glioblastoma cells treated with Sp1 siRNA, Western blot was also used to detect expressions of Sp1, Ki-67, VEGF, cyclin D1, E-cadherin, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax proteins. Expression of Sp1 was significantly associated with WHO grade (p = 0.005) and with overall survival time (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis further revealed that prognosis of astrocytoma was significantly associated with Sp1 expression (p = 0.036) and IDH-1 expression (p < 0.001). In vitro silencing of Sp1 downregulated Sp1, Ki-67, and cyclin D1 but upregulated E-cadherin, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3. These data suggest that Sp1 is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in astrocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pei Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wu
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yun Chen
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center of Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Center of Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Whitehead M, Wickremasinghe S, Osborne A, Van Wijngaarden P, Martin KR. Diabetic retinopathy: a complex pathophysiology requiring novel therapeutic strategies. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:1257-1270. [PMID: 30408422 PMCID: PMC6299358 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1545836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss in the working age population of the developed world. DR encompasses a complex pathology, and one that is reflected in the variety of currently available treatments, which include laser photocoagulation, glucocorticoids, vitrectomy and agents which neutralize vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Whilst these options demonstrate modest clinical benefits, none is yet to fully attenuate clinical progression or reverse damage to the retina. This has led to an interest in developing novel therapies for the condition, such as mediators of angiopoietin signaling axes, immunosuppressants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), oxidative stress inhibitors and vitriol viscosity inhibitors. Further, preclinical research suggests that gene therapy treatment for DR could provide significant benefits over existing treatments options. AREAS COVERED Here we review the pathophysiology of DR and provide an overview of currently available treatments. We then outline recent advances made towards improved patient outcomes and highlight the potential of the gene therapy paradigm to revolutionize DR management. EXPERT OPINION Whilst significant progress has been made towards our understanding of DR, further research is required to enable the development of a detailed spatiotemporal model of the disease. In addition, we hope that improvements in our knowledge of the condition facilitate therapeutic innovations that continue to address unmet medical need and improve patient outcomes, with a focus on the development of targeted medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Whitehead
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sanjeewa Wickremasinghe
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Osborne
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Van Wijngaarden
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Keith R. Martin
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Eye Department, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust – MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Ren Y, Zhang H, Jiang P. MicroRNA-382 inhibits cell growth and migration in colorectal cancer by targeting SP1. Biol Res 2018; 51:51. [PMID: 30474556 PMCID: PMC6260849 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence showed that microRNAs (miRs) play critical roles in human cancers by functioning as either tumor suppressor or oncogene. MIR-382 was found to function as tumor suppressor in certain cancers. However, the role of MIR-382 in colorectal cancer (CRC) is largely unknown. Specificity protein 1 (SP1) is highly expressed in several cancers including CRC and is correlated with poor prognosis, but it is unclear whether or not MIR-382 can regulate the expression of SP1. METHODS MIR-382 expression level was measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The connection between MIR-382 and SP1 was validated by luciferase activity reporter assay and western blot assay. Cell counting kit-8 assay and wound-healing assay were conducted to investigate the biological functions of MIR-382 in CRC. RESULTS In this study, we found MIR-382 expression was downregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines, and the transfection of MIR-382 mimic decreased cell growth and migration. Furthermore, we identified SP1 was a direct target of MIR-382. Overexpression of MIR-382 decreased the expression of SP1, whereas MIR-382 knockdown promoted SP1 expression. We also observed an inversely correlation between MIR-382 and SP1 in CRC tissues. Additionally, we showed that knockdown of SP1 inhibited cell growth and migration and attenuated the effect of MIR-382 inhibitor on cell behaviors. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the present study describes a potential mechanism underlying a MIR-382/SP1 link contributing to CRC development. Thus, MIR-382 may be able to be developed as a novel treatment target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Ren
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, NO.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, NO.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, NO.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042 People’s Republic of China
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Chong S, Dugast-Darzacq C, Liu Z, Dong P, Dailey GM, Cattoglio C, Heckert A, Banala S, Lavis L, Darzacq X, Tjian R. Imaging dynamic and selective low-complexity domain interactions that control gene transcription. Science 2018; 361:eaar2555. [PMID: 29930090 PMCID: PMC6961784 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar2555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 606] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many eukaryotic transcription factors (TFs) contain intrinsically disordered low-complexity sequence domains (LCDs), but how these LCDs drive transactivation remains unclear. We used live-cell single-molecule imaging to reveal that TF LCDs form local high-concentration interaction hubs at synthetic and endogenous genomic loci. TF LCD hubs stabilize DNA binding, recruit RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II), and activate transcription. LCD-LCD interactions within hubs are highly dynamic, display selectivity with binding partners, and are differentially sensitive to disruption by hexanediols. Under physiological conditions, rapid and reversible LCD-LCD interactions occur between TFs and the RNA Pol II machinery without detectable phase separation. Our findings reveal fundamental mechanisms underpinning transcriptional control and suggest a framework for developing single-molecule imaging screens for drugs targeting gene regulatory interactions implicated in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Chong
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Claire Dugast-Darzacq
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- CIRM Center of Excellence, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zhe Liu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Peng Dong
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Gina M Dailey
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Cattoglio
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alec Heckert
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sambashiva Banala
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Luke Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Xavier Darzacq
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- CIRM Center of Excellence, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert Tjian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- CIRM Center of Excellence, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Vicenzi E, Poli G. The interferon-stimulated gene TRIM22: A double-edged sword in HIV-1 infection. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 40:40-47. [PMID: 29650252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infection of target cells by the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is hampered by constitutively expressed host cell proteins preventing or curtailing virus replication and therefore defined as "restriction factors". Among them, members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family have emerged as important players endowed with both antiviral effects and modulatory capacity of the innate immune response. TRIM5α and TRIM19 (i.e. promyelocytic leukemia, PML) are among the best-characterized family members; however, in this review we will focus on the potential role of another family member, i.e. TRIM22, a factor strongly induced by interferon stimulation, in HIV infection in vivo and in vitro in the context of its broader antiviral effects. We will also focus on the potential role of TRIM22 in HIV-1-infected individuals speculating on its dual role in controlling virus replication and more complex role in chronic infection. At the molecular levels, we will review the evidence in favor of a relevant role of TRIM22 as epigenetic inhibitor of HIV-1 transcription acting by preventing the binding of the host cell transcription factor Sp1 to the viral promoter. These evidences suggest that TRIM22 should be considered a potential new player in either the establishment or maintenance of HIV-1 reservoirs of latently infected cells unaffected by combination antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Vicenzi
- Viral Pathogens and Biosafety Unit, P2-P3 Laboratories, DIBIT, Via Olgettina n. 58, 20132, Milano, Italy.
| | - Guido Poli
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
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Mithramycin A suppresses basal triple-negative breast cancer cell survival partially via down-regulating Krüppel-like factor 5 transcription by Sp1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1138. [PMID: 29348684 PMCID: PMC5773554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most malignant breast cancer subtype, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) does not have effective targeted therapies clinically to date. As a selective Sp1 inhibitor, Mithramycin A (MIT) has been reported to have anti-tumor activities in multiple cancers. However, the efficacy and the mechanism of MIT in breast cancer, especially TNBC, have not been studied. In this study, we demonstrated that MIT suppressed breast cancer cell survival in a dosage-dependent manner. Interestingly, TNBC cells were more sensitive to MIT than non-TNBC cells. MIT inhibited TNBC cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in vitro in time- and dosage-dependent manners. MIT suppressed TNBC cell survival, at least partially, by transcriptionally down-regulating KLF5, an oncogenic transcription factor specifically expressed in basal TNBC. Finally, MIT suppressed TNBC cell growth in a xenograft mouse model. Taken together, our findings suggested that MIT inhibits basal TNBC via the Sp1/KLF5 axis and that MIT may be used for TNBC treatment.
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Miyamoto M, Hayashi T, Kawasaki Y, Akiyama T. Sp5 negatively regulates the proliferation of HCT116 cells by upregulating the transcription of p27. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:4005-4009. [PMID: 29456745 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in the majority of human colorectal tumors. β-catenin, a key component of the Wnt signaling pathway, interacts with the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor family of transcription factors and activates transcription of Wnt target genes. Sp5 is one of the Wnt target genes, and its expression is commonly upregulated in colon cancer cells. The present study demonstrates that the expression of Sp5 is not upregulated in the colon cancer cell line HCT116, in which Wnt signaling is constitutively activated. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that Sp5 has the potential to inhibit cell proliferation through upregulation of the cell cycle inhibitor p27. These findings suggest that HCT116 cells downregulate Sp5 to avoid p27-mediated growth arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tomoatsu Hayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tetsu Akiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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Torabi B, Flashner S, Beishline K, Sowash A, Donovan K, Bassett G, Azizkhan-Clifford J. Caspase cleavage of transcription factor Sp1 enhances apoptosis. Apoptosis 2018; 23:65-78. [PMID: 29236199 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sp1 is a ubiquitous transcription factor that regulates many genes involved in apoptosis and senescence. Sp1 also has a role in the DNA damage response; at low levels of DNA damage, Sp1 is phosphorylated by ATM and localizes to double-strand break sites where it facilitates DNA double-strand-break repair. Depletion of Sp1 increases the sensitivity of cells to DNA damage, whereas overexpression of Sp1 can drive cells into apoptosis. In response to a variety of stimuli, Sp1 can be regulated through proteolytic cleavage by caspases and/or degradation. Here, we show that activation of apoptosis through DNA damage or TRAIL-mediated activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway induces caspase-mediated cleavage of Sp1. Cleavage of Sp1 was coincident with the appearance of cleaved caspase 3, and produced a 70 kDa Sp1 product. In vitro analysis revealed a novel caspase cleavage site at aspartic acid 183. Mutation of aspartic acid 183 to alanine conferred resistance to cleavage, and ectopic expression of the Sp1 D183A rendered cells resistant to apoptotic stimuli, indicating that Sp1 cleavage is involved in the induction of apoptosis. The 70 kDa product resulting from caspase cleavage of Sp1 comprises amino acids 184-785. This truncated form, designated Sp1-70C, which retains transcriptional activity, induced apoptosis when overexpressed in normal epithelial cells, whereas Sp1D183A induced significantly less apoptosis. Together, these data reveal a new caspase cleavage site in Sp1 and demonstrate for the first time that caspase cleavage of Sp1 promotes apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Torabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Samuel Flashner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Kate Beishline
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Aislinn Sowash
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Kelly Donovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Garrett Bassett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Jane Azizkhan-Clifford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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Liao X, Lu Y, Yang J, Kuang T, Jiang L, Wang Y, Kang H, Jiang B, Zhou X, He S. Transcription factor Sp1 is necessary and functional in regulating expression of oncogene ZNF703. Genes Genomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mirzaei H, Masoudifar A, Sahebkar A, Zare N, Sadri Nahand J, Rashidi B, Mehrabian E, Mohammadi M, Mirzaei HR, Jaafari MR. MicroRNA: A novel target of curcumin in cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3004-3015. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology; School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Aria Masoudifar
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology; Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR; Isfahan Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Naser Zare
- School of Medicine; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology; School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology; School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Lorestan University of Medical Sciences; Khorramabad Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Immunology; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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Xie J, Gong Q, Liu X, Liu Z, Tian R, Cheng Y, Su G. Transcription factor SP1 mediates hyperglycemia-induced upregulation of roundabout4 in retinal microvascular endothelial cells. Gene 2017; 616:31-40. [PMID: 28341181 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Roundabout4 (Robo4) is a gene that is expressed specifically in vasculature and is involved in the angiogenesis and integrity of blood vessels. The expression level of Robo4 increases gradually along with the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). In this study, we explored the mechanism of transcriptional regulation of Robo4 in retinal endothelial cells, and investigated the effects of this regulation on cellular functions under hyperglycemic conditions. Human retinal endothelial cells (HREC) exposed to hyperglycemia were used to detect the expression levels of specificity protein 1 (SP1) and Robo4 by RT-qPCR and western blotting. Small interfering RNA (SiRNA) transfection technology was used to analyze the regulatory relationship between SP1 and Robo4. The effect of transcription factor SP1 on Robo4 promoter activity and the location of SP1 binding sites were investigated using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase assay. Cell migration, monolayer permeability and tube formation assays were performed to demonstrate the role of SP1/Robo4 in regulating HREC functions in hyperglycemic conditions. The results showed that hyperglycemia upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of SP1 and Robo4 in HREC. Depletion of SP1 by siRNA transfection inhibited the hyperglycemia induced overexpression of Robo4. ChIP combined with luciferase assay showed that under hyperglycemic conditions, SP1 significantly increased the transcriptional level of Robo4 via an additional SP1 binding site at -1912/-1908 in the Robo4 promoter. Repressing the SP1/Robo4 pathway effectively mitigated the abnormity in HREC migration, permeability and angiogenesis induced by hyperglycemia. All these findings indicate that hyperglycemia-induced upregulation of Robo4 is mediated by enhanced transcription of SP1. The SP1/Robo4 signaling pathway can regulate the migratory ability, monolayer permeability and angiogenesis of HREC under hyperglycemic conditions, suggesting that it may play an important role in microvascular dysfunction during DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia'nan Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qiaoyun Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zaoxia Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guanfang Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Guo L, Yuan J, Xie N, Wu H, Chen W, Song S, Wang X. miRNA-411 acts as a potential tumor suppressor miRNA via the downregulation of specificity protein 1 in breast cancer. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2975-82. [PMID: 27572271 PMCID: PMC5042781 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression and functions of microRNA (miR)-411 have been investigated in several types of cancer. However, until now, miR-411 in human breast cancer has not been examined. The present study investigated the expression, biological functions and molecular mechanisms of miR‑411 in human breast cancer, discussing whether it offers potential as a therapeutic biomarker for breast cancer in the future. The expression levels of miR‑411 in human breast cancer tissues and cells were measured using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Following transfection with miR‑411 mimics, an MTT assay, cell migration and invasion assay, western blot analysis and luciferase assay were performed in human breast cancer cell lines. According to the results, it was found that miR‑411 was significantly downregulated in breast cancer, and associated with lymph node metastasis and histological grade. Additionally, it was observed that miR‑411 suppressed cell growth, migration and invasion in the breast cancer cells. The present study also provided the first evidence, to the best of our knowledge, that miR‑411 was likely to directly target specificity protein 1 in breast cancer. These findings indicated that miR‑411 may be used a therapeutic biomarker for the treatment of breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfeng Guo
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Clinical College Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035
| | - Jianhui Yuan
- Toxicology Research Laboratory, The Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Ni Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035
| | - Huisheng Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035
| | - Weicai Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035
| | - Shufen Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035
| | - Xianming Wang
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Clinical College Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035
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Xu K, Wang X, Zhang Q, Liang A, Zhu H, Huang D, Li C, Ye W. Sp1 downregulates proinflammatory cytokine‑induced catabolic gene expression in nucleus pulposus cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3961-8. [PMID: 27600876 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration, pro‑inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), stimulate the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of intervertebral discs via the activity of catabolic enzymes including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), disintegrins and metalloproteinases with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs), and cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2). The transcriptional promoters of the human catabolic enzymes MMPs, ADAMTS, Cox2 and Syndecan 4 contain at least one specificity protein‑1 (Sp1) transcription factor‑binding site. The present study investigated the role of Sp1 in the regulation of the mRNA and protein expression of the aforementioned catabolic enzyme genes in nucleus pulposus cells, using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, transfection and RNA interference. The data demonstrated that Sp1 transcription factor protein expression is induced by TNF‑α and interleukin‑1β. Specific inhibitors of Sp1 DNA binding to its GC‑rich consensus site, WP631 and mithramycin A, partially suppressed TNF‑α‑induced catabolic enzyme expression and activity. Genetic inhibition of Sp1 by small interfering RNA‑mediated Sp1 knockdown partially inhibited catabolic enzyme induction by TNF‑α. In addition, Sp1 transcription factor inhibitors decreased the activity of MMP3, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 promoters. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed functional Sp1 binding sites at ‑577/‑567 bp within the ADAMTS4 promoter and ‑718/‑708 bp within the ADAMTS5 promoter. These results provide pharmacological and genetic evidence of the importance of Sp1 in catabolic enzyme gene regulation during TNF‑α stimulation. Thus, Sp1 may represent an effective target in reducing intervertebral disc‑associated ECM loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xu
- Experimental Center of Surgery, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Qianshi Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Anjing Liang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Chunhai Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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Wu D, Niu X, Pan H, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Qu P, Zhou J. Tumor-suppressing effects of microRNA-429 in human renal cell carcinoma via the downregulation of Sp1. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2906-2911. [PMID: 27698878 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-429 has been frequently reported to be downregulated in various tumors, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC), nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, gastric cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and endometrial endometrioid carcinoma. The present study investigated the effects of miR-429 on human RCC A498 and 786-O cells. Following transfection of cells with miR-429 mimics and scrambled control, MTT, cell migration, cell invasion and luciferase assays were performed. In addition, western blotting was performed in order to assess the expression of specificity protein 1 (Sp1), which was predicted to be a target of miR-429 by TargetScan. The present results revealed that miR-429 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion of 786-O and A498 cells. In addition, the present results demonstrated that miR-429 overexpression downregulated Sp1 protein expression, which provides evidence that miR-429 may directly target Sp1 in RCC. These results suggest that miR-429 may be investigated for use as a predictive marker for early detection of tumor metastasis and blocking RCC cells from becoming invasive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyao Wu
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical College, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Niu
- Department of Urology, Huai'An First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Huixing Pan
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical College, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical College, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Zichun Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical College, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Ping Qu
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical College, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical College, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
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Brain in situ hybridization maps as a source for reverse-engineering transcriptional regulatory networks: Alzheimer's disease insights. Gene 2016; 586:77-86. [PMID: 27050105 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Microarray data have been a valuable resource for identifying transcriptional regulatory relationships among genes. As an example, brain region-specific transcriptional regulatory events have the potential of providing etiological insights into Alzheimer Disease (AD). However, there is often a paucity of suitable brain-region specific expression data obtained via microarrays or other high throughput means. The Allen Brain Atlas in situ hybridization (ISH) data sets (Jones et al., 2009) represent a potentially valuable alternative source of high-throughput brain region-specific gene expression data for such purposes. In this study, Allen Brain Atlas mouse ISH data in the hippocampal fields were extracted, focusing on 508 genes relevant to neurodegeneration. Transcriptional regulatory networks were learned using three high-performing network inference algorithms. Only 17% of regulatory edges from a network reverse-engineered based on brain region-specific ISH data were also found in a network constructed upon gene expression correlations in mouse whole brain microarrays, thus showing the specificity of gene expression within brain sub-regions. Furthermore, the ISH data-based networks were used to identify instructive transcriptional regulatory relationships. Ncor2, Sp3 and Usf2 form a unique three-party regulatory motif, potentially affecting memory formation pathways. Nfe2l1, Egr1 and Usf2 emerge among regulators of genes involved in AD (e.g. Dhcr24, Aplp2, Tia1, Pdrx1, Vdac1, and Syn2). Further, Nfe2l1, Egr1 and Usf2 are sensitive to dietary factors and could be among links between dietary influences and genes in the AD etiology. Thus, this approach of harnessing brain region-specific ISH data represents a rare opportunity for gleaning unique etiological insights for diseases such as AD.
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Wang J, Song W. Regulation of LRRK2 promoter activity and gene expression by Sp1. Mol Brain 2016; 9:33. [PMID: 27004687 PMCID: PMC4802577 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal pathway is a prominent neuropathological feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mutations in various genes have been linked to familial PD, and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene is one of them. LRRK2 is a large complex protein, belonging to the ROCO family of proteins. Recent studies suggest that the level of LRRK2 protein is one of the contributing factors to PD pathogenesis. However, it remains elusive how LRRK2 is regulated at the transcriptional and translational level. Results In this study, we cloned a 1738 bp 5’-flanking region of the human LRRK2 gene. The transcriptional start site (TSS) was located to 135 bp upstream of translational start site and the fragment −118 to +133 bp had the minimum promoter activity required for transcription. There were two functional Sp1- responsive elements on the human LRRK2 gene promoter revealed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Sp1 overexpression promoted LRRK2 transcription and translation in the cellular model. On the contrary, application of mithramycin A inhibited LRRK2 transcriptional and translational activities. Conclusion This is the first study indicating that Sp1 signaling plays an important role in the regulation of human LRRK2 gene expression. It suggests that controlling LRRK2 level by manipulating Sp1 signaling may be beneficial to attenuate PD-related neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juelu Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Townsend Family Laboratories, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Weihong Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Townsend Family Laboratories, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Wang X, Li K, Liu L, Shi Q, Song P, Jian Z, Guo S, Wang G, Li C, Gao T. AHR promoter variant modulates its transcription and downstream effectors by allele-specific AHR-SP1 interaction functioning as a genetic marker for vitiligo. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13542. [PMID: 26370050 PMCID: PMC4570213 DOI: 10.1038/srep13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentation disorder largely caused by defective melanocyte- or autoimmunity-induced melanocyte destruction. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is essential for melanocyte homeostasis and immune process, and abnormal AHR was observed in vitiligo. We previously identified the T allele of AHR -129C > T variant as a protective factor against vitiligo. However, biological characterization underlying such effects is not fully certain, further validation by mechanistic research is warranted and was conducted in the present study. We showed that -129T allele promoted AHR transcriptional activity through facilitating its interaction with SP1 transcription factor (SP1) compared with -129C allele. We subsequently found reduced peripheral AHR and SP1 transcript expressions in vitiligo and a negative correlation of AHR level with disease duration. We also investigated AHR-related cytokines and observed increased serum TNF-α concentration and diminished serum levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in vitiligo. Further genetic analysis showed that -129T carriers possessed higher levels of AHR and IL-10 than -129C carriers. Therefore, our study indicates that the modulation of AHR transcription by a promoter variant has a profound influence on vitiligo, not only advancing our understanding on AHR function but also providing novel insight into the pathogenesis of degenerative or autoimmune diseases including vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhe Jian
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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The Nature, Extent, and Consequences of Genetic Variation in the opa Repeats of Notch in Drosophila. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2015; 5:2405-19. [PMID: 26362765 PMCID: PMC4632060 DOI: 10.1534/g3.115.021659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (pQ) tracts are abundant in proteins co-interacting on DNA. The lengths of these pQ tracts can modulate their interaction strengths. However, pQ tracts >40 residues are pathologically prone to amyloidogenic self-assembly. Here, we assess the extent and consequences of variation in the pQ-encoding opa repeats of Notch in Drosophila melanogaster. We use Sanger sequencing to genotype opa sequences (5′-CAX repeats), which have resisted assembly using short sequence reads. While most sampled lines carry the major allele opa31 encoding Q13HQ17 or the opa32 allele encoding Q13HQ18, many lines carry rare alleles encoding pQ tracts >32 residues: opa33a (Q14HQ18), opa33b (Q15HQ17), opa34 (Q16HQ17), opa35a1/opa35a2 (Q13HQ21), opa36 (Q13HQ22), and opa37 (Q13HQ23). Only one rare allele encodes a tract <31 residues: opa23 (Q13–Q10). This opa23 allele shortens the pQ tract while simultaneously eliminating the interrupting histidine. We introgressed these opa variant alleles into common backgrounds and measured the frequency of Notch-type phenotypes. Homozygotes for the short and long opa alleles have defects in embryonic survival and sensory bristle organ patterning, and sometimes show wing notching. Consistent with functional differences between Notch opa variants, we find that a scute inversion carrying the rare opa33b allele suppresses the bristle patterning defect caused by achaete/scute insufficiency, while an equivalent scute inversion carrying opa31 manifests the patterning defect. Our results demonstrate the existence of potent pQ variants of Notch and the need for long read genotyping of key repeat variables underlying gene regulatory networks.
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Dupuis-Maurin V, Brinza L, Baguet J, Plantamura E, Schicklin S, Chambion S, Macari C, Tomkowiak M, Deniaud E, Leverrier Y, Marvel J, Michallet MC. Overexpression of the transcription factor Sp1 activates the OAS-RNAse L-RIG-I pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118551. [PMID: 25738304 PMCID: PMC4349862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated expression of oncogenes or transcription factors such as specificity protein 1 (Sp1) is observed in many human cancers and plays a role in tumor maintenance. Paradoxically in untransformed cells, Sp1 overexpression induces late apoptosis but the early intrinsic response is poorly characterized. In the present work, we studied increased Sp1 level consequences in untransformed cells and showed that it turns on an early innate immune transcriptome. Sp1 overexpression does not activate known cellular stress pathways such as DNA damage response or endoplasmic reticulum stress, but induces the activation of the OAS-RNase L pathway and the generation of small self-RNAs, leading to the upregulation of genes of the antiviral RIG-I pathway at the transcriptional and translational levels. Finally, Sp1-induced intrinsic innate immune response leads to the production of the chemokine CXCL4 and to the recruitment of inflammatory cells in vitro and in vivo. Altogether our results showed that increased Sp1 level in untransformed cells constitutes a novel danger signal sensed by the OAS-RNase L axis leading to the activation of the RIG-I pathway. These results suggested that the OAS-RNase L-RIG-I pathway may be activated in sterile condition in absence of pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéryane Dupuis-Maurin
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lilia Brinza
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Joël Baguet
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Plantamura
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Schicklin
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Solène Chambion
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Macari
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Martine Tomkowiak
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Deniaud
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yann Leverrier
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jacqueline Marvel
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Michallet
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Beishline K, Azizkhan-Clifford J. Sp1 and the 'hallmarks of cancer'. FEBS J 2015; 282:224-58. [PMID: 25393971 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For many years, transcription factor Sp1 was viewed as a basal transcription factor and relegated to a role in the regulation of so-called housekeeping genes. Identification of Sp1's role in recruiting the general transcription machinery in the absence of a TATA box increased its importance in gene regulation, particularly in light of recent estimates that the majority of mammalian genes lack a TATA box. In this review, we briefly consider the history of Sp1, the founding member of the Sp family of transcription factors. We review the evidence suggesting that Sp1 is highly regulated by post-translational modifications that positively and negatively affect the activity of Sp1 on a wide array of genes. Sp1 is over-expressed in many cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. Targeting Sp1 in cancer treatment has been suggested; however, our review of the literature on the role of Sp1 in the regulation of genes that contribute to the 'hallmarks of cancer' illustrates the extreme complexity of Sp1 functions. Sp1 both activates and suppresses the expression of a number of essential oncogenes and tumor suppressors, as well as genes involved in essential cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, the DNA damage response, apoptosis, senescence and angiogenesis. Sp1 is also implicated in inflammation and genomic instability, as well as epigenetic silencing. Given the apparently opposing effects of Sp1, a more complete understanding of the function of Sp1 in cancer is required to validate its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Beishline
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Zheng Y, Tabbaa ZM, Khan Z, Schoolmeester JK, El-Nashar S, Famuyide A, Keeney GL, Daftary GS. Epigenetic regulation of uterine biology by transcription factor KLF11 via posttranslational histone deacetylation of cytochrome p450 metabolic enzymes. Endocrinology 2014; 155:4507-20. [PMID: 25076120 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine regulation of uterine biology is critical for embryo receptivity and human reproduction. Uterine endometrium depends on extrinsic sex steroid input and hence likely has mechanisms that enable adaptation to hormonal variation. Emerging evidence suggests that sex steroid bioavailability in the endometrium is determined by adjusting their metabolic rate and fate via regulation of cytochrome (CYP) p450 enzymes. The CYP enzymes are targeted by ubiquitously expressed Sp/Krüppel-like (Sp/KLF) transcription factors. Specifically, KLF11 is highly expressed in reproductive tissues, regulates an array of endocrine/metabolic pathways via epigenetic histone-based mechanisms and, when aberrantly expressed, is associated with diabetes and reproductive tract diseases, such as leiomyoma and endometriosis. Using KLF11 as a model to investigate epigenetic regulation of endometrial first-pass metabolism, we evaluated the expression of a comprehensive array of metabolic enzymes in Ishikawa cells. KLF11 repressed most endometrial CYP enzymes. To characterize KLF11-recruited epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, we focused on the estrogen-metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4. KLF11 expression declined in secretory phase endometrial epithelium associated with increased CYP3A4 expression. Additionally, KLF11 bound to CYP3A4 promoter GC elements and thereby repressed promoter, message, protein as well as enzymatic function. This repression was epigenetically mediated, because KLF11 colocalized with and recruited the corepressor SIN3A/histone deacetylase resulting in selective deacetylation of the CYP3A4 promoter. Repression was reversed by a mutation in KLF11 that abrogated cofactor recruitment and binding. This repression was also pharmacologically reversible with an histone deacetylase inhibitor. Pharmacological alteration of endometrial metabolism could have long-term translational implications on human reproduction and uterine disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zheng
- Laboratory of Translational Epigenetics in Reproduction (Y.Z., Z.M.T., Z.K., G.S.D.) and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.K.S., G.L.K.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (Y.Z., Z.M.T., Z.K., S.E.-N., A.F., G.S.D.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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48
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Do MT, Kim HG, Tran TTP, Khanal T, Choi JH, Chung YC, Jeong TC, Jeong HG. Metformin suppresses CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression in breast cancer cells by down-regulating aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 280:138-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Malewicz M, Perlmann T. Function of transcription factors at DNA lesions in DNA repair. Exp Cell Res 2014; 329:94-100. [PMID: 25173987 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cellular systems for DNA repair ensure prompt removal of DNA lesions that threaten the genomic stability of the cell. Transcription factors (TFs) have long been known to facilitate DNA repair via transcriptional regulation of specific target genes encoding key DNA repair proteins. However, recent findings identified TFs as DNA repair components acting directly at the DNA lesions in a transcription-independent fashion. Together this recent progress is consistent with the hypothesis that TFs have acquired the ability to localize DNA lesions and function by facilitating chromatin remodeling at sites of damaged DNA. Here we review these recent findings and discuss how TFs may function in DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Malewicz
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom.
| | - Thomas Perlmann
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR), Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institute, Nobels väg 3, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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50
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Li M, Ling B, Xiao T, Tan J, An N, Han N, Guo S, Cheng S, Zhang K. Sp1 transcriptionally regulates BRK1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Gene 2014; 542:134-40. [PMID: 24680773 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Following a previous study reporting that BRK1 is upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the present study sought to clarify the role of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) in the transcriptional regulation of the BRK1 gene. Therefore, a construct, named F8, consisting of the -1341 to -1 nt sequence upstream of the start codon of the BRK1 gene inserted into pGL4.26 was made. A series of truncated fragments was then constructed based on F8. Segment S831, which contained the -84 to -1 nt region, displayed the highest transcriptional activity in the A549, H1299 and H520 NSCLC cell lines. Bioinformatic analysis showed a potential Sp1-binding element at -73 to -64 nt, and a mutation in this region suppressed the transcriptional activity of S831. Then the RNAi assays of Sp1 and its coworkers Sp3 and Sp4 were performed, and suppression of Sp1 by siRNA inhibited the mRNA expression of BRK1. Both an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay demonstrated that Sp1 bound to the promoter area of the BRK1 gene. Our data identified a functional and positive Sp1 regulatory element from -73 to -64 nt in the BRK1 promoter, which may likely explain the overexpression of BRK1 in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Bing Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jinjing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ning An
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Naijun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Suping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shujun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Kaitai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.
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