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Yerra VG, Connelly KA. Extrarenal Benefits of SGLT2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Cardiomyopathies. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38888433 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00008.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as pivotal medications for heart failure, demonstrating remarkable cardiovascular benefits extending beyond their glucose-lowering effects. The unexpected cardiovascular advantages have intrigued and prompted the scientific community to delve into the mechanistic underpinnings of these novel actions. Preclinical studies have generated many mechanistic theories, ranging from their renal and extrarenal effects to potential direct actions on cardiac muscle cells, to elucidate the mechanisms linking these drugs to clinical cardiovascular outcomes. Despite the strengths and limitations of each theory, many await validation in human studies. Furthermore, whether SGLT2 inhibitors confer therapeutic benefits in specific subsets of cardiomyopathies akin to their efficacy in other heart failure populations remains unclear. By examining the shared pathological features between heart failure resulting from vascular diseases and other causes of cardiomyopathy, certain specific molecular actions of SGLT2 inhibitors (particularly those targeting cardiomyocytes) would support the concept that these medications will yield therapeutic benefits across a broad range of cardiomyopathies. This article aims to discuss the important mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors and their implications in hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies. Furthermore, we offer insights into future research directions for SGLT2 inhibitor studies, which hold the potential to further elucidate the proposed biological mechanisms in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera Ganesh Yerra
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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2
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Chen Y, Luo YM, Li D, Liu H, Luo X, Zhang X, Ling Y, Ouyang W. Characteristics of Myocardial Structure and Central Carbon Metabolism during the Early and Compensatory Stages of Cardiac Hypertrophy. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:4229-4241. [PMID: 39178178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a classical forerunner of heart failure and myocardial structural and metabolic remodeling are closely associated with cardiac hypertrophy. We aim to investigate the characteristics of myocardial structure and central carbon metabolism of cardiac hypertrophy at different stages. Using echocardiography and pathological staining, early and compensatory cardiac hypertrophy were respectively defined as within 7 days and from 7 to 14 days after transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice. Among mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics, we identified 45 central carbon metabolites. Differential metabolite analysis showed that six metabolites, including citrate, cis-aconitate and so on, decreased significantly on day 1 after TAC. Ten metabolites, including l-lactate, (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate and so on, were obviously changed on days 10 and 14. Pathway analysis showed that these metabolites were involved in seven metabolic pathways, including carbohydrates, amino acids and so on. Western blot showed the expression of ATP-citrate lyase, malate dehydrogenase 1 and lactate dehydrogenase A in myocardium changed markedly on day 3, while the phosphorylation level of AMP-activated protein kinase did not show significantly difference. We hope our research will promote deeper understanding and early diagnosis of cardiac hypertrophy in clinical practice. All raw data were deposited in MetaboLights (MTBLS10555).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yu-Mei Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Haiqiong Liu
- Department of Health Management, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xiaoqin Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xinlei Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yuanna Ling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
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3
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Said EA, Lewis RW, Dallas ML, Peers C, Ross FA, Unciti-Broceta A, Grahame Hardie D, Mark Evans A. The thienopyridine A-769662 and benzimidazole 991 inhibit human TASK-3 potassium channels in an AMPK-independent manner. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116562. [PMID: 39362502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Heteromeric Tandem pore domain Acid Sensitive (TASK)-1/3 channels are critical to oxygen-sensing by carotid body type 1 cells, where hypoxia-induced inhibition of TASK-3 and/or TASK-1/3 potassium currents leads to voltage-gated calcium entry, exocytotic transmitter release and increases in carotid body afferent input responses that initiate corrective changes in breathing patterns. It was proposed that, in response to hypoxia, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) might directly phosphorylate and inhibit TASK channels, in particular TASK-3, but studies on rat type I cells questioned this view. However, sequence alignment identified a putative AMPK recognition motif in human (h) TASK-3, but not hTASK-1, with Ser55 representing a potential phosphorylation site. We therefore studied the effects of five different AMPK activators on recombinant hTASK-3 potassium channels expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells. Two structurally unrelated AMPK activators, the thienopyridine A-769662 (100-500 µM) and the benzimidazole 991 (3-30 µM) inhibited hTASK-3 currents in a concentration-dependent manner, while the 4-azabenzimidazole MK-8722 (3-30 µM) partially inhibited hTASK-3 at concentrations above those required for maximal AMPK activation. By contrast, the 4-azabenzimidazole, BI-9774 (10-100 µM; a closely related analogue of MK8722) and the pro-drug AICA-riboside (1 mM; metabolised to ZMP, an AMP-mimetic) had no significant effect on hTASK-3 currents at concentrations sufficient to maximally activate AMPK. Importantly, A-769662 (300 µM) also inhibited hTASK-3 channel currents in HEK-293 cells that stably over-expressed an AMPK-β1 subunit mutant (S108A) that renders AMPK insensitive to activators that bind to the Allosteric Drug and Metabolite site, such as A-769662. We therefore identify A-769662 and 991 as novel hTASK-3 channel inhibitors and provide conclusive evidence that AMPK does not regulate hTASK-3 channel currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa A Said
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Ryan W Lewis
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK; School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK; Edinburgh Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Mark L Dallas
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Chris Peers
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK; School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK; Edinburgh Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Fiona A Ross
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - D Grahame Hardie
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - A Mark Evans
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.
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4
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Li M, Wang Y, Wei X, Cai WF, Wu J, Zhu M, Wang Y, Liu YH, Xiong J, Qu Q, Chen Y, Tian X, Yao L, Xie R, Li X, Chen S, Huang X, Zhang C, Xie C, Wu Y, Xu Z, Zhang B, Jiang B, Wang ZC, Li Q, Li G, Lin SY, Yu L, Piao HL, Deng X, Han J, Zhang CS, Lin SC. AMPK targets PDZD8 to trigger carbon source shift from glucose to glutamine. Cell Res 2024; 34:683-706. [PMID: 38898113 PMCID: PMC11442470 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-00985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The shift of carbon utilization from primarily glucose to other nutrients is a fundamental metabolic adaptation to cope with decreased blood glucose levels and the consequent decline in glucose oxidation. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays crucial roles in this metabolic adaptation. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show that PDZ domain containing 8 (PDZD8), which we identify as a new substrate of AMPK activated in low glucose, is required for the low glucose-promoted glutaminolysis. AMPK phosphorylates PDZD8 at threonine 527 (T527) and promotes the interaction of PDZD8 with and activation of glutaminase 1 (GLS1), a rate-limiting enzyme of glutaminolysis. In vivo, the AMPK-PDZD8-GLS1 axis is required for the enhancement of glutaminolysis as tested in the skeletal muscle tissues, which occurs earlier than the increase in fatty acid utilization during fasting. The enhanced glutaminolysis is also observed in macrophages in low glucose or under acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Consistent with a requirement of heightened glutaminolysis, the PDZD8-T527A mutation dampens the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages in mice treated with LPS. Together, we have revealed an AMPK-PDZD8-GLS1 axis that promotes glutaminolysis ahead of increased fatty acid utilization under glucose shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wei-Feng Cai
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Laboratory Animal Research Centre, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Mingxia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yongliang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jinye Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Luming Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Renxiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Cixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Changchuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yaying Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zheni Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Baoding Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinxi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Gang Li
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shu-Yong Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Long Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chen-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Sheng-Cai Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Smith TKT, Ghorbani P, LeBlond ND, Nunes JRC, O'Dwyer C, Ambursley N, Fong-McMaster C, Minarrieta L, Burkovsky LA, El-Hakim R, Trzaskalski NA, Locatelli CAA, Stotts C, Pember C, Rayner KJ, Kemp BE, Loh K, Harper ME, Mulvihill EE, St-Pierre J, Fullerton MD. AMPK-mediated regulation of endogenous cholesterol synthesis does not affect atherosclerosis in a murine Pcsk9-AAV model. Atherosclerosis 2024; 397:117608. [PMID: 38880706 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dysregulated cholesterol metabolism is a hallmark of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, yet our understanding of how endogenous cholesterol synthesis affects atherosclerosis is not clear. The energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylates and inhibits the rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR). Recent work demonstrated that when AMPK-HMGCR signaling was compromised in an Apoe-/- model of hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis was exacerbated due to elevated hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilization and myelopoiesis. We sought to validate the significance of the AMPK-HMGCR signaling axis in atherosclerosis using a non-germline hypercholesterolemia model with functional ApoE. METHODS Male and female HMGCR S871A knock-in (KI) mice and wild-type (WT) littermate controls were made atherosclerotic by intravenous injection of a gain-of-function Pcsk9D374Y-adeno-associated virus followed by high-fat and high-cholesterol atherogenic western diet feeding for 16 weeks. RESULTS AMPK activation suppressed endogenous cholesterol synthesis in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages from WT but not HMGCR KI mice, without changing other parameters of cholesterol regulation. Atherosclerotic plaque area was unchanged between WT and HMGCR KI mice, independent of sex. Correspondingly, there were no phenotypic differences observed in hematopoietic progenitors or differentiated immune cells in the bone marrow, blood, or spleen, and no significant changes in systemic markers of inflammation. When lethally irradiated female mice were transplanted with KI bone marrow, there was similar plaque content relative to WT. CONCLUSIONS Given previous work, our study demonstrates the importance of preclinical atherosclerosis model comparison and brings into question the importance of AMPK-mediated control of cholesterol synthesis in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler K T Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Peyman Ghorbani
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas D LeBlond
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julia R C Nunes
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Conor O'Dwyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nia Ambursley
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Claire Fong-McMaster
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lucía Minarrieta
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Leah A Burkovsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rama El-Hakim
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Natasha A Trzaskalski
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Cassandra A A Locatelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Cameron Stotts
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ciara Pember
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katey J Rayner
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce E Kemp
- Protein Chemistry and Metabolism, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kim Loh
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Erin E Mulvihill
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julie St-Pierre
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Morgan D Fullerton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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6
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Vanni E, Beauloye C, Horman S, Bertrand L. AMPK and O-GlcNAcylation: interplay in cardiac pathologies and heart failure. Essays Biochem 2024:EBC20240003. [PMID: 39319471 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20240003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) represents a multifaceted clinical syndrome characterized by the heart's inability to pump blood efficiently to meet the body's metabolic demands. Despite advances in medical management, HF remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In recent years, considerable attention has been directed toward understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying HF pathogenesis, with a particular focus on the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein O-GlcNAcylation. This review comprehensively examines the current understanding of AMPK and O-GlcNAcylation signalling pathways in HF, emphasizing their interplay and dysregulation. We delve into the intricate molecular mechanisms by which AMPK and O-GlcNAcylation contribute to cardiac energetics, metabolism, and remodelling, highlighting recent preclinical and clinical studies that have explored novel therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Vanni
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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7
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Freemantle JB, Shah D, Lynch DM, Ciulli A, Hundal HS, Hardie DG. The pro-drug C13 activates AMPK by two distinct mechanisms. Biochem J 2024; 481:1203-1219. [PMID: 39222030 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20240425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy status that is expressed in almost all eukaryotic cells. In the canonical activation mechanism, it is activated by increases in AMP:ATP and ADP:ATP ratios that signify declining cellular energy status. Once activated, AMPK phosphorylates numerous targets that promote catabolic pathways generating ATP, while inhibiting anabolic and other processes that consume ATP, thus acting to restore energy homeostasis. Pharmacological agents that activate AMPK have been useful in identifying downstream targets and have potential as drugs for treatment of metabolic disorders such as Type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. One such agent is C13, a pro-drug with a phosphonate bis(isobutyryloxymethyl) ester moiety, with the isobutyryloxymethyl groups increasing membrane permeability. Following cellular uptake, C13 is cleaved to release C2, an AMP analogue and potent AMPK activator that is specific for complexes containing the α1 (but not the α2) catalytic subunit isoform. This has previously been assumed to be the sole mechanism by which C13 activates AMPK, with potential roles for the isobutyryloxymethyl groups being ignored. We now report that, following cleavage from C13, these protective groups are metabolized to formaldehyde, an agent that inhibits mitochondrial function and increases cellular AMP:ATP ratios, thus providing additional AMPK activation by the canonical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana B Freemantle
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Dinesh Shah
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Dylan M Lynch
- Centre for Targeted Protein Degradation, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, 1 James Lindsay Place, Dundee DD1 5JJ, U.K
| | - Alessio Ciulli
- Centre for Targeted Protein Degradation, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, 1 James Lindsay Place, Dundee DD1 5JJ, U.K
| | - Harinder S Hundal
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - D Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
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8
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Zhang J, Lv W, Liu X, Sun Z, Zeng M, Kang J, Zhang Q, Liu F, Ma S, Su J, Cao K, Liu J. Ginsenoside Rh4 prevents endothelial dysfunction as a novel AMPK activator. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:3346-3363. [PMID: 38757416 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway is a desirable target for various cardiovascular diseases (CVD), while the involvement of AMPK-mediated specific downstream pathways and effective interventions in hyperlipidaemia-induced endothelial dysfunction remain largely unknown. Herein, we aim to identify an effective AMPK activator and to explore its efficacy and mechanism against endothelial dysfunction. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Molecular docking technique was adopted to screen for the potent AMPK activator among 11 most common rare ginsenosides. In vivo, poloxamer 407 (P407) was used to induce acute hyperlipidaemia in C57BL/6J mice. In vitro, palmitic acid (PA) was used to induce lipid toxicity in HAEC cells. KEY RESULTS We discovered the strongest binding of ginsenoside Rh4 to AMPKα1 and confirmed the action of Rh4 on AMPK activation. Rh4 effectively attenuated hyperlipidaemia-related endothelial injury and oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro and restored cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate in HAEC cells. Mechanistically, Rh4 bound to AMPKα1 and simultaneously up-regulated AKT/eNOS-mediated NO release, promoted PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibited P38 MAPK/NFκB-mediated inflammatory responses in both P407-treated mice and PA-treated HAEC cells. The AMPK inhibitor Compound C treatment completely abrogated the regulation of Rh4 on the above pathways and weakened the lowering effect of Rh4 on endothelial impairment markers, suggesting that the beneficial effects of Rh4 are AMPK dependent. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Rh4 may serve as a novel AMPK activator to protect against hyperlipidaemia-induced endothelial dysfunction, providing new insights into the prevention and treatment of endothelial injury-associated CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiqiang Lv
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuyun Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenyu Sun
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jiahao Kang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fuying Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaozhou Ma
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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9
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Wu D, Yu HC, Cha HN, Park S, Lee Y, Yoon SJ, Park SY, Park BH, Bae EJ. PAK4 phosphorylates and inhibits AMPKα to control glucose uptake. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6858. [PMID: 39127697 PMCID: PMC11316743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51240-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Our recent studies have identified p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) as a key regulator of lipid catabolism in the liver and adipose tissue, but its role in glucose homeostasis in skeletal muscle remains to be explored. In this study, we find that PAK4 levels are highly upregulated in the skeletal muscles of diabetic humans and mice. Skeletal muscle-specific Pak4 ablation or administering the PAK4 inhibitor in diet-induced obese mice retains insulin sensitivity, accompanied by AMPK activation and GLUT4 upregulation. We demonstrate that PAK4 promotes insulin resistance by phosphorylating AMPKα2 at Ser491, thereby inhibiting AMPK activity. We additionally show that skeletal muscle-specific expression of a phospho-mimetic mutant AMPKα2S491D impairs glucose tolerance, while the phospho-inactive mutant AMPKα2S491A improves it. In summary, our findings suggest that targeting skeletal muscle PAK4 may offer a therapeutic avenue for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Institute of New Drug Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang Chan Yu
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Na Cha
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonji Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Jung Yoon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Ju Bae
- School of Pharmacy and Institute of New Drug Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Barnaba C, Broadbent DG, Kaminsky EG, Perez GI, Schmidt JC. AMPK regulates phagophore-to-autophagosome maturation. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202309145. [PMID: 38775785 PMCID: PMC11110907 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202309145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an important metabolic pathway that can non-selectively recycle cellular material or lead to targeted degradation of protein aggregates or damaged organelles. Autophagosome formation starts with autophagy factors accumulating on lipid vesicles containing ATG9. These phagophores attach to donor membranes, expand via ATG2-mediated lipid transfer, capture cargo, and mature into autophagosomes, ultimately fusing with lysosomes for their degradation. Autophagy can be activated by nutrient stress, for example, by a reduction in the cellular levels of amino acids. In contrast, how autophagy is regulated by low cellular ATP levels via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important therapeutic target, is less clear. Using live-cell imaging and an automated image analysis pipeline, we systematically dissect how nutrient starvation regulates autophagosome biogenesis. We demonstrate that glucose starvation downregulates autophagosome maturation by AMPK-mediated inhibition of phagophore tethering to donor membrane. Our results clarify AMPKs regulatory role in autophagy and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target to reduce autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Barnaba
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - David G. Broadbent
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Emily G. Kaminsky
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Gloria I. Perez
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jens C. Schmidt
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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11
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Ashraf N, Van Nostrand JL. Fine-tuning AMPK in physiology and disease using point-mutant mouse models. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050798. [PMID: 39136185 PMCID: PMC11340815 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that monitors the cellular energy status to adapt it to the fluctuating nutritional and environmental conditions in an organism. AMPK plays an integral part in a wide array of physiological processes, such as cell growth, autophagy and mitochondrial function, and is implicated in diverse diseases, including cancer, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. AMPK orchestrates many different physiological outcomes by phosphorylating a broad range of downstream substrates. However, the importance of AMPK-mediated regulation of these substrates in vivo remains an ongoing area of investigation to better understand its precise role in cellular and metabolic homeostasis. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of our understanding of the kinase function of AMPK in vivo, as uncovered from mouse models that harbor phosphorylation mutations in AMPK substrates. We discuss some of the inherent limitations of these mouse models, highlight the broader implications of these studies for understanding human health and disease, and explore the valuable insights gained that could inform future therapeutic strategies for the treatment of metabolic and non-metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmana Ashraf
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeanine L. Van Nostrand
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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12
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Qiu Y, Stamatatos OT, Hu Q, Ruiter Swain J, Russo S, Sann A, Costa ASH, Violante S, Spector DL, Cross JR, Lukey MJ. The unique catalytic properties of PSAT1 mediate metabolic adaptation to glutamine blockade. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1529-1548. [PMID: 39192144 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01104-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Cultured cancer cells frequently rely on the consumption of glutamine and its subsequent hydrolysis by glutaminase (GLS). However, this metabolic addiction can be lost in the tumour microenvironment, rendering GLS inhibitors ineffective in the clinic. Here we show that glutamine-addicted breast cancer cells adapt to chronic glutamine starvation, or GLS inhibition, via AMPK-mediated upregulation of the serine synthesis pathway (SSP). In this context, the key product of the SSP is not serine, but α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Mechanistically, we find that phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) has a unique capacity for sustained α-KG production when glutamate is depleted. Breast cancer cells with resistance to glutamine starvation or GLS inhibition are highly dependent on SSP-supplied α-KG. Accordingly, inhibition of the SSP prevents adaptation to glutamine blockade, resulting in a potent drug synergism that suppresses breast tumour growth. These findings highlight how metabolic redundancy can be context dependent, with the catalytic properties of different metabolic enzymes that act on the same substrate determining which pathways can support tumour growth in a particular nutrient environment. This, in turn, has practical consequences for therapies targeting cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijian Qiu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | | | - Qingting Hu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jed Ruiter Swain
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- CSHL School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Suzanne Russo
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Ava Sann
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Ana S H Costa
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Matterworks Inc., Somerville, MA, USA
| | - Sara Violante
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Justin R Cross
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Lin C, Sun G, Li Y. Identification of AdipoRon analogues as novel activators of AMPK for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2413-2421. [PMID: 39026637 PMCID: PMC11253847 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00727h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The activation of AMPK has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases. AdipoRon, an agonist of the adiponectin receptor, has been identified as a compound capable of activating AMPK via the adiponectin receptor. To identify novel AdipoRon analogues with AMPK activation potential, a total of 17 analogues were designed, synthesized, and subjected to biological evaluation. Among these analogues, X-12 was discovered to exhibit potent activation of AMPK. In experimental studies, X-12 demonstrated dose-dependent improvements in glucose tolerance in normal mice. Furthermore, it significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels and ameliorated insulin resistance in db/db diabetic mice. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of X-12 as a novel class of AMPK activators for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lin
- Yantai Institute of Materia Medica Shandong 264000 China
| | - Geng Sun
- School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University 168 Changhai Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yi Li
- Yantai Vocational College Yantai 264000 Shandong China
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14
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Divya KP, Kanwar N, Anuranjana PV, Kumar G, Beegum F, George KT, Kumar N, Nandakumar K, Kanwal A. SIRT6 in Regulation of Mitochondrial Damage and Associated Cardiac Dysfunctions: A Possible Therapeutic Target for CVDs. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:598-621. [PMID: 38689163 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) can be described as a global health emergency imploring possible prevention strategies. Although the pathogenesis of CVDs has been extensively studied, the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in CVD development has yet to be investigated. Diabetic cardiomyopathy, ischemic-reperfusion injury, and heart failure are some of the CVDs resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction Recent evidence from the research states that any dysfunction of mitochondria has an impact on metabolic alteration, eventually causes the death of a healthy cell and therefore, progressively directing to the predisposition of disease. Cardiovascular research investigating the targets that both protect and treat mitochondrial damage will help reduce the risk and increase the quality of life of patients suffering from various CVDs. One such target, i.e., nuclear sirtuin SIRT6 is strongly associated with cardiac function. However, the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and SIRT6 concerning cardiovascular pathologies remains poorly understood. Although the Role of SIRT6 in skeletal muscles and cardiomyocytes through mitochondrial regulation has been well understood, its specific role in mitochondrial maintenance in cardiomyocytes is poorly determined. The review aims to explore the domain-specific function of SIRT6 in cardiomyocytes and is an effort to know how SIRT6, mitochondria, and CVDs are related.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Divya
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Navjot Kanwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab, Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, 151005, India
| | - P V Anuranjana
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- School of Pharmacy, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Fathima Beegum
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krupa Thankam George
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Educations and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - K Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Abhinav Kanwal
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151005, India.
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15
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Vedunova M, Borysova O, Kozlov G, Zharova AM, Morgunov I, Moskalev A. Candidate molecular targets uncovered in mouse lifespan extension studies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:513-528. [PMID: 38656034 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2346597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple interventions have demonstrated an increase in mouse lifespan. However, non-standardized controls, sex or strain-specific factors, and insufficient focus on targets, hinder the translation of these findings into clinical applications. AREAS COVERED We examined the effects of genetic and drug-based interventions on mice from databases DrugAge, GenAge, the Mouse Phenome Database, and publications from PubMed that led to a lifespan extension of more than 10%, identifying specific molecular targets that were manipulated to achieve the maximum lifespan in mice. Subsequently, we characterized 10 molecular targets influenced by these interventions, with particular attention given to clinical trials and potential indications for each. EXPERT OPINION To increase the translational potential of mice life-extension studies to clinical research several factors are crucial: standardization of mice lifespan research approaches, the development of clear criteria for control and experimental groups, the establishment of criteria for potential geroprotectors, and focusing on targets and their clinical application. Pinpointing the targets affected by geroprotectors helps in understanding species-specific differences and identifying potential side effects, ensuring the safety and effectiveness of clinical trials. Additionally, target review facilitates the optimization of treatment protocols and the evaluation of the clinical feasibility of translating research findings into practical therapies for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vedunova
- Institute of Biomedicine, Institute of Biogerontology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod (Lobachevsky University), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | - Grigory Kozlov
- Institute of Biomedicine, Institute of Biogerontology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod (Lobachevsky University), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Anna-Maria Zharova
- Institute of Biomedicine, Institute of Biogerontology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod (Lobachevsky University), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | - Alexey Moskalev
- Institute of Biomedicine, Institute of Biogerontology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod (Lobachevsky University), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Longaevus Technologies LTD, London, United Kingdom
- Russian Gerontology Research and Clinical Centre, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Katerelos M, Gleich K, Harley G, Loh K, Oakhill JS, Kemp BE, de Souza DP, Narayana VK, Coughlan MT, Laskowski A, Ling NXY, Murray-Segal L, Brink R, Lee M, Power DA, Mount PF. The AMPK activator ATX-304 alters cellular metabolism to protect against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116730. [PMID: 38749175 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) disrupts energy metabolism. Targeting metabolism through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) may alleviate AKI. ATX-304, a pan-AMPK activator, was evaluated in C57Bl/6 mice and tubular epithelial cell (TEC) cultures. Mice received ATX-304 (1 mg/g) or control chow for 7 days before cisplatin-induced AKI (CI-AKI). Primary cultures of tubular epithelial cells (TECs) were pre-treated with ATX-304 (20 µM, 4 h) prior to exposure to cisplatin (20 µM, 23 h). ATX-304 increased acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation, indicating AMPK activation. It protected against CI-AKI measured by serum creatinine (control 0.05 + 0.03 mM vs ATX-304 0.02 + 0.01 mM, P = 0.03), western blot for neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) (control 3.3 + 1.8-fold vs ATX-304 1.2 + 0.55-fold, P = 0.002), and histological injury (control 3.5 + 0.59 vs ATX-304 2.7 + 0.74, P = 0.03). In TECs, pre-treatment with ATX-304 protected against cisplatin-mediated injury, as measured by lactate dehydrogenase release, MTS cell viability, and cleaved caspase 3 expression. ATX-304 protection against cisplatin was lost in AMPK-null murine embryonic fibroblasts. Metabolomic analysis in TECs revealed that ATX-304 (20 µM, 4 h) altered 66/126 metabolites, including fatty acids, tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites, and amino acids. Metabolic studies of live cells using the XFe96 Seahorse analyzer revealed that ATX-304 increased the basal TEC oxygen consumption rate by 38%, whereas maximal respiration was unchanged. Thus, ATX-304 protects against cisplatin-mediated kidney injury via AMPK-dependent metabolic reprogramming, revealing a promising therapeutic strategy for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Katerelos
- Department of Nephrology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia; Kidney Laboratory, The Institute for Breathing and Sleep (IBAS), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Kurt Gleich
- Department of Nephrology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia; Kidney Laboratory, The Institute for Breathing and Sleep (IBAS), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Geoff Harley
- Department of Nephrology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia; Kidney Laboratory, The Institute for Breathing and Sleep (IBAS), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Kim Loh
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Jonathan S Oakhill
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Bruce E Kemp
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - David P de Souza
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Vinod K Narayana
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Glycation, Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Campus, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Adrienne Laskowski
- Glycation, Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Naomi X Y Ling
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Lisa Murray-Segal
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Robert Brink
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Mardiana Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia; Kidney Laboratory, The Institute for Breathing and Sleep (IBAS), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - David A Power
- Department of Nephrology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia; Kidney Laboratory, The Institute for Breathing and Sleep (IBAS), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia; Department of Medicine (Austin), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg ,Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Peter F Mount
- Department of Nephrology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia; Kidney Laboratory, The Institute for Breathing and Sleep (IBAS), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia; Department of Medicine (Austin), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg ,Victoria 3084, Australia.
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17
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Nunes JRC, O'Dwyer C, Ghorbani P, Smith TKT, Chauhan S, Robert-Gostlin V, Girouard MD, Viollet B, Foretz M, Fullerton MD. Myeloid AMPK signaling restricts fibrosis but is not required for metformin improvements during CDAHFD-induced NASH in mice. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100564. [PMID: 38762124 PMCID: PMC11222943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic programming underpins inflammation and liver macrophage activation in the setting of chronic liver disease. Here, we sought to identify the role of an important metabolic regulator, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), specifically within myeloid cells during the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and whether treatment with metformin, a firstline therapy for diabetes and activator of AMPK could stem disease progression. Male and female Prkaa1fl/fl/Prkaa2fl/fl (Flox) control and Flox-LysM-Cre+ (MacKO) mice were fed a low-fat control or a choline-deficient, amino acid defined 45% Kcal high-fat diet (CDAHFD) for 8 weeks, where metformin was introduced in the drinking water (50 or 250 mg/kg/day) for the last 4 weeks. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were dramatically increased in response to CDAHFD-feeding compared to low-fat control. While myeloid AMPK signaling had no effect on markers of hepatic steatosis or circulating markers, fibrosis as measured by total liver collagen was significantly elevated in livers from MacKO mice, independent of sex. Although treatment with 50 mg/kg/day metformin had no effect on any parameter, intervention with 250 mg/kg/day metformin completely ameliorated hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in both male and female mice. While the protective effect of metformin was associated with lower final body weight, and decreased expression of lipogenic and Col1a1 transcripts, it was independent of myeloid AMPK signaling. These results suggest that endogenous AMPK signaling in myeloid cells, both liver-resident and infiltrating, acts to restrict fibrogenesis during CDAHFD-induced NASH progression but is not the mechanism by which metformin improves markers of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R C Nunes
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Conor O'Dwyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Peyman Ghorbani
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tyler K T Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Samarth Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria Robert-Gostlin
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Madison D Girouard
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université Paris cité, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université Paris cité, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Morgan D Fullerton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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18
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Langer HT, Rohm M, Goncalves MD, Sylow L. AMPK as a mediator of tissue preservation: time for a shift in dogma? Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-00992-y. [PMID: 38760482 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Ground-breaking discoveries have established 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a central sensor of metabolic stress in cells and tissues. AMPK is activated through cellular starvation, exercise and drugs by either directly or indirectly affecting the intracellular AMP (or ADP) to ATP ratio. In turn, AMPK regulates multiple processes of cell metabolism, such as the maintenance of cellular ATP levels, via the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, glucose uptake, glycolysis, autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation, and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, AMPK inhibits anabolic processes, such as lipogenesis and protein synthesis. These findings support the notion that AMPK is a crucial regulator of cell catabolism. However, studies have revealed that AMPK's role in cell homeostasis might not be as unidirectional as originally thought. This Review explores emerging evidence for AMPK as a promoter of cell survival and an enhancer of anabolic capacity in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue during catabolic crises. We discuss AMPK-activating interventions for tissue preservation during tissue wasting in cancer-associated cachexia and explore the clinical potential of AMPK activation in wasting conditions. Overall, we provide arguments that call for a shift in the current dogma of AMPK as a mere regulator of cell catabolism, concluding that AMPK has an unexpected role in tissue preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Tim Langer
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Maria Rohm
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus DaSilva Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Yang C, Rubin L, Yu X, Lazarovici P, Zheng W. Preclinical evidence using synthetic compounds and natural products indicates that AMPK represents a potential pharmacological target for the therapy of pulmonary diseases. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1326-1369. [PMID: 38229486 DOI: 10.1002/med.22014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a highly conserved eukaryotic enzyme discovered as a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, with anti-inflammation, antioxidative stress, anticancer, and antifibrosis beneficial effects. AMPK is dysregulated in human pulmonary diseases such as acute lung injury, nonsmall cell lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma. This review provides an overview of the beneficial role of natural, synthetic, and Chinese traditional medicines AMPK modulators in pulmonary diseases, and highlights the role of the AMPK signaling pathway in the lung, emphasizing the importance of finding lead compounds and drugs that can target and modulate AMPK to treat the lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Limor Rubin
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Xiyong Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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20
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Gone GB, Go G, Nam G, Jeong W, Kim H, Lee S, Chung SJ. Exploring the Anti-Diabetic Potential of Quercetagitrin through Dual Inhibition of PTPN6 and PTPN9. Nutrients 2024; 16:647. [PMID: 38474775 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are pivotal contributors to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Hence, directing interventions towards PTPs emerges as a valuable therapeutic approach for managing type 2 diabetes. In particular, PTPN6 and PTPN9 are targets for anti-diabetic effects. Through high-throughput drug screening, quercetagitrin (QG) was recognized as a dual-target inhibitor of PTPN6 and PTPN9. We observed that QG suppressed the catalytic activity of PTPN6 (IC50 = 1 μM) and PTPN9 (IC50 = 1.7 μM) in vitro and enhanced glucose uptake by mature C2C12 myoblasts. Additionally, QG increased the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and insulin-dependent phosphorylation of Akt in mature C2C12 myoblasts. It further promoted the phosphorylation of Akt in the presence of palmitic acid, suggesting the attenuation of insulin resistance. In summary, our results indicate QG's role as a potent inhibitor targeting both PTPN6 and PTPN9, showcasing its potential as a promising treatment avenue for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali B Gone
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonhui Go
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gibeom Nam
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojoo Jeong
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soah Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang J Chung
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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21
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Kincaid JWR, Rimmington D, Tadross JA, Cimino I, Zvetkova I, Kaser A, Richards P, Patel S, O'Rahilly S, Coll AP. The gastrointestinal tract is a major source of the acute metformin-stimulated rise in GDF15. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1899. [PMID: 38253650 PMCID: PMC10803367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The hormone GDF15 is secreted in response to cellular stressors. Metformin elevates circulating levels of GDF15, an action important for the drug's beneficial effects on body weight. Metformin can also inhibit mammalian respiratory complex I, leading to decreases in ATP:AMP ratio, activation of AMP Kinase (AMPK), and increased GDF15 production. We undertook studies using a range of mice with tissue-specific loss of Gdf15 (namely gut, liver and global deletion) to determine the relative contributions of two classical metformin target tissues, the gut and liver, to the elevation of GDF15 seen with metformin. In addition, we performed comparative studies with another pharmacological agent, the AMP kinase pan-activator, MK-8722. Deletion of Gdf15 from the intestinal epithelium significantly reduced the circulating GDF15 response to oral metformin, whereas deletion of Gdf15 from the liver had no effect. In contrast, deletion of Gdf15 from the liver, but not the gut, markedly reduced circulating GDF15 responses to MK-8722. Further, our data show that, while GDF15 restricts high-fat diet-induced weight gain, the intestinal production of GDF15 is not necessary for this effect. These findings add to the body of evidence implicating the intestinal epithelium in key aspects of the pharmacology of metformin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W R Kincaid
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Debra Rimmington
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John A Tadross
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Genomics Laboratory, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- NHS East Genomic Laboratory Hub, East Genomics, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Irene Cimino
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ilona Zvetkova
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Paul Richards
- Kallyope, Inc., 430 East 29th, Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Satish Patel
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anthony P Coll
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Lan T, Geng XJ, Zhang SJ, Zeng XX, Ying JJ, Xu Y, Liu SY, Li P, Tong YH, Wang W, Mao ZJ, Wang SW. Si-Ni-San inhibits hepatic Fasn expression and lipid accumulation in MAFLD mice through AMPK/p300/SREBP-1c axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155209. [PMID: 37984123 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soothing the liver and regulating qi is one of the core ideas of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of fatty liver. Si-Ni-San (SNS) is a well-known herbal formula in TCM for liver soothing and qi regulation in fatty liver treatment. However, its efficacy lacks modern scientific evidence. PURPOSE This study was aimed to investigate the impact of SNS on metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in mice and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, particularly its effects on lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. METHODS The therapeutic effect of SNS was evaluated using in vivo and in vitro models of high-fat/high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet-induced mice and palmitic acid (PA)-induced hepatocytes, respectively. Molecular biological techniques such as RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), and western blotting were employed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of SNS in regulating lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. RESULTS Our findings revealed that SNS effectively reduced lipid accumulation in the livers of HFHC diet-induced mice and PA-induced hepatocytes. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that SNS significantly down-regulated the expression of fatty acid synthase (Fasn) in the livers of HFHC-fed mice. Mechanistically, SNS inhibited Fasn expression and lipid accumulation by activating adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Activation of AMPK suppressed the activity of the transcriptional coactivator p300 and modulated the protein stability of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). Importantly, p300 was required for the inhibition of Fasn expression and lipid accumulation by SNS. Furthermore, SNS activated AMPK by decreasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in hepatocytes. CONCLUSION This study provided novel evidence on the regulatory mechanisms underlying the effects of SNS on Fasn expression. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that SNS exerts suppressive effects on Fasn expression through modulation of the AMPK/p300/SREBP-1c axis. Consequently, this regulatory pathway mitigates excessive lipid accumulation and ameliorates MAFLD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lan
- The Joint Innovation Center for Health & Medicine, the Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Geng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Si-Jia Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xi-Xi Zeng
- The Joint Innovation Center for Health & Medicine, the Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Jun-Jie Ying
- The Joint Innovation Center for Health & Medicine, the Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Yi Xu
- The Joint Innovation Center for Health & Medicine, the Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Shi-Yu Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yu-Hua Tong
- The Joint Innovation Center for Health & Medicine, the Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Preventive Treatment Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Affiliated Four-provinces Marginal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Quzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Quzhou 324000, China.
| | - Zhu-Jun Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China.
| | - Si-Wei Wang
- The Joint Innovation Center for Health & Medicine, the Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China.
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23
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Yuan Y, Wang F, Liu X, Shuai B, Fan H. The Role of AMPK Signaling in Ulcerative Colitis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:3855-3875. [PMID: 38170149 PMCID: PMC10759424 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s442154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation and ulcer formation of the intestinal mucosa. Due to its high recurrence rate, prolonged course, limited curative options, and significant impact on patients' quality of life, along with a notable potential for malignant transformation, UC is designated as a refractory global health challenge by the World Health Organization (WHO). The elucidation of the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for UC requires further in-depth investigation. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) serves as a central regulator of cellular energy metabolic homeostasis. Emerging evidence indicates that interventions involving traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) components, as well as other pharmacological measures, exert beneficial effects on the intestinal mucosal inflammation and epithelial barrier dysfunction in UC by modulating AMPK signaling, thereby influencing biological processes such as cellular autophagy, apoptosis, inflammatory responses, macrophage polarization, and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. The role of AMPK in UC is of significant importance. This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms through which AMPK is involved in UC, as well as a compilation of pharmacological agents capable of activating the AMPK signaling pathway within the context of UC. The primary objective is to facilitate a deeper comprehension of the pivotal role of AMPK in UC among researchers and clinical practitioners, thereby advancing the identification of novel therapeutic targets for interventions in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Yuan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jingshan Union Hospital, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingshan, Hubei, 431800, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Shuai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Hawley SA, Russell FM, Ross FA, Hardie DG. BAY-3827 and SBI-0206965: Potent AMPK Inhibitors That Paradoxically Increase Thr172 Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:453. [PMID: 38203624 PMCID: PMC10778976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the central component of a signalling pathway that senses energy stress and triggers a metabolic switch away from anabolic processes and towards catabolic processes. There has been a prolonged focus in the pharmaceutical industry on the development of AMPK-activating drugs for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as Type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, recent findings suggest that AMPK inhibitors might be efficacious for treating certain cancers, especially lung adenocarcinomas, in which the PRKAA1 gene (encoding the α1 catalytic subunit isoform of AMPK) is often amplified. Here, we study two potent AMPK inhibitors, BAY-3827 and SBI-0206965. Despite not being closely related structurally, the treatment of cells with either drug unexpectedly caused increases in AMPK phosphorylation at the activating site, Thr172, even though the phosphorylation of several downstream targets in different subcellular compartments was completely inhibited. Surprisingly, the two inhibitors appear to promote Thr172 phosphorylation by different mechanisms: BAY-3827 primarily protects against Thr172 dephosphorylation, while SBI-0206965 also promotes phosphorylation by LKB1 at low concentrations, while increasing cellular AMP:ATP ratios at higher concentrations. Due to its greater potency and fewer off-target effects, BAY-3827 is now the inhibitor of choice for cell studies, although its low bioavailability may limit its use in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - D. Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; (S.A.H.); (F.A.R.)
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25
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Ross FA, Hawley SA, Russell FM, Goodman N, Hardie DG. Frequent loss-of-function mutations in the AMPK-α2 catalytic subunit suggest a tumour suppressor role in human skin cancers. Biochem J 2023; 480:1951-1968. [PMID: 37962491 PMCID: PMC10754287 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy status activated by increases in AMP or ADP relative to ATP. Once activated, it phosphorylates targets that promote ATP-generating catabolic pathways or inhibit ATP-consuming anabolic pathways, helping to restore cellular energy balance. Analysis of human cancer genome studies reveals that the PRKAA2 gene (encoding the α2 isoform of the catalytic subunit) is often subject to mis-sense mutations in cancer, particularly in melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers, where up to 70 mis-sense mutations have been documented, often accompanied by loss of the tumour suppressor NF1. Recently it has been reported that knockout of PRKAA2 in NF1-deficient melanoma cells promoted anchorage-independent growth in vitro, as well as growth as xenografts in immunodeficient mice in vivo, suggesting that AMPK-α2 can act as a tumour suppressor in that context. However, very few of the mis-sense mutations in PRKAA2 that occur in human skin cancer and melanoma have been tested to see whether they cause loss-of-function. We have addressed this by making most of the reported mutations and testing their activity when expressed in AMPK knockout cells. Of 55 different mis-sense mutations (representing 75 cases), 9 (12%) appeared to cause a total loss of activity, 18 (24%) a partial loss, 11 (15%) an increase in phenformin-stimulated kinase activity, while just 37 (49%) had no clear effect on kinase activity. This supports the idea that AMPK-α2 acts as a tumour suppressor in the context of human skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A. Ross
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, U.K
| | - Simon A. Hawley
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, U.K
| | - Fiona M. Russell
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, U.K
| | - Nicola Goodman
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, U.K
| | - D. Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, U.K
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Isop LM, Neculau AE, Necula RD, Kakucs C, Moga MA, Dima L. Metformin: The Winding Path from Understanding Its Molecular Mechanisms to Proving Therapeutic Benefits in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1714. [PMID: 38139841 PMCID: PMC10748332 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a widely prescribed medication for type 2 diabetes, has garnered increasing attention for its potential neuroprotective properties due to the growing demand for treatments for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and motor neuron diseases. This review synthesizes experimental and clinical studies on metformin's mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic benefits for neurodegenerative disorders. A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane library, focused on key phrases such as "metformin", "neuroprotection", and "neurodegenerative diseases", with data up to September 2023. Recent research on metformin's glucoregulatory mechanisms reveals new molecular targets, including the activation of the LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway, which is crucial for chronic administration of metformin. The pleiotropic impact may involve other stress kinases that are acutely activated. The precise role of respiratory chain complexes (I and IV), of the mitochondrial targets, or of the lysosomes in metformin effects remains to be established by further research. Research on extrahepatic targets like the gut and microbiota, as well as its antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, is crucial for understanding neurodegenerative disorders. Experimental data on animal models shows promising results, but clinical studies are inconclusive. Understanding the molecular targets and mechanisms of its effects could help design clinical trials to explore and, hopefully, prove its therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mihaela Isop
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brașov, Romania; (L.M.I.)
| | - Andrea Elena Neculau
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brașov, Romania; (L.M.I.)
| | - Radu Dan Necula
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brașov, Romania
| | - Cristian Kakucs
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brașov, Romania
| | - Marius Alexandru Moga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brașov, Romania
| | - Lorena Dima
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brașov, Romania; (L.M.I.)
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27
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Tian Q, Liu J, Chen Q, Zhang M. Andrographolide contributes to the attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:61-68. [PMID: 36548192 PMCID: PMC9793944 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2157021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Andrographolide (Andr) is a bioactive Andr diterpenoid extracted from herbaceous Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall. ex Nees (Acanthaceae). Andr can relieve cardiac dysfunction in mice by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the efficacy and underlying mechanism of Andr on cardiac hypertrophy in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57 mice (20-25 g, 6-8 weeks) were divided into four groups (n = 10 mice/group) as sham group (sham operation), transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model group, TAC + Andr 100 mg/kg group and TAC + Andr 200 mg/kg group. Andr groups were given intragastric administration of Andr (100 and 200 mg/kg) once a day for 14 consecutive days. An in vitro hypertrophy model was established by adding 1 μM of Ang II to H9c2 cells for 48 h induction. RESULTS In TAC-mice, Andr improved echocardiographic indices [reduced LVESD (30.4% or 37.1%) and LVEDD (24.8% or 26.4%), increased EF (22.9% or 42.6%) and FS (25.4% or 52.2%)], reduced BNP (11.5% or 23.6%) and Ang II levels (10.3% or 32.8%), attenuates cardiac fibrosis and reduces cardiac cell apoptosis in TAC mice. In vitro, Andr attenuated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and decreased the protein expression of GRP78 (67.8%), GRP94 (47.6%), p-PERK (44.9%) and CHOP (66.8%) in Ang-II-induced H9c2 cells and reversed after endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress agonist Tunicamycin (TN) treatment. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Andr was found to be an anti-hypertrophic regulator, which could attenuate cardiac hypertrophy by suppressing ER stress. It may be a new therapeutic drug for cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianlong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingxiao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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28
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Göransson O, Kopietz F, Rider MH. Metabolic control by AMPK in white adipose tissue. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:704-717. [PMID: 37673765 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) plays an important role in the integration of whole-body metabolism by storing fat and mobilizing triacylglycerol when needed. The released free fatty acids can then be oxidized by other tissues to provide ATP. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of metabolic pathways, and can be targeted by a new generation of direct, small-molecule activators. AMPK activation in WAT inhibits insulin-stimulated lipogenesis and in some situations also inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, but AMPK-induced inhibition of β-adrenergic agonist-stimulated lipolysis might need to be re-evaluated in vivo. The lack of dramatic effects of AMPK activation on basal metabolism in WAT could be advantageous when treating type 2 diabetes with pharmacological pan-AMPK activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Göransson
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Franziska Kopietz
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mark H Rider
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Kido K, Eskesen NO, Henriksen NS, Onslev J, Kristensen JM, Larsen MR, Hingst JR, Knudsen JR, Birk JB, Andersen NR, Jensen TE, Pehmøller C, Wojtaszewski JF, Kjøbsted R. AMPKγ3 Controls Muscle Glucose Uptake in Recovery From Exercise to Recapture Energy Stores. Diabetes 2023; 72:1397-1408. [PMID: 37506328 PMCID: PMC10545559 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Exercise increases muscle glucose uptake independently of insulin signaling and represents a cornerstone for the prevention of metabolic disorders. Pharmacological activation of the exercise-responsive AMPK in skeletal muscle has been proven successful as a therapeutic approach to treat metabolic disorders by improving glucose homeostasis through the regulation of muscle glucose uptake. However, conflicting observations cloud the proposed role of AMPK as a necessary regulator of muscle glucose uptake during exercise. We show that glucose uptake increases in human skeletal muscle in the absence of AMPK activation during exercise and that exercise-stimulated AMPKγ3 activity strongly correlates to muscle glucose uptake in the postexercise period. In AMPKγ3-deficient mice, muscle glucose uptake is normally regulated during exercise and contractions but impaired in the recovery period from these stimuli. Impaired glucose uptake in recovery from exercise and contractions is associated with a lower glucose extraction, which can be explained by a diminished permeability to glucose and abundance of GLUT4 at the muscle plasma membrane. As a result, AMPKγ3 deficiency impairs muscle glycogen resynthesis following exercise. These results identify a physiological function of the AMPKγ3 complex in human and rodent skeletal muscle that regulates glucose uptake in recovery from exercise to recapture muscle energy stores. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS Exercise-induced activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle has been proposed to regulate muscle glucose uptake in recovery from exercise. This study investigated whether the muscle-specific AMPKγ3-associated heterotrimeric complex was involved in regulating muscle glucose metabolism in recovery from exercise. The findings support that exercise-induced activation of the AMPKγ3 complex in human and mouse skeletal muscle enhances glucose uptake in recovery from exercise via increased translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. This work uncovers the physiological role of the AMPKγ3 complex in regulating muscle glucose uptake that favors replenishment of the muscle cellular energy stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kido
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Nicolas O. Eskesen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai S. Henriksen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Onslev
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas M. Kristensen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus R. Larsen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne R. Hingst
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas R. Knudsen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B. Birk
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicoline R. Andersen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas E. Jensen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Pehmøller
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jørgen F.P. Wojtaszewski
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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30
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Barnaba C, Broadbent DG, Perez GI, Schmidt JC. AMPK Regulates Phagophore-to-Autophagosome Maturation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.28.559981. [PMID: 37808644 PMCID: PMC10557706 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.28.559981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an important metabolic pathway that can non-selectively recycle cellular material or lead to targeted degradation of protein aggregates or damaged organelles. Autophagosome formation starts with autophagy factors accumulating on lipid vesicles containing ATG9. These phagophores attach to donor membranes, expand via ATG2-mediated lipid transfer, capture cargo, and mature into autophagosomes, ultimately fusing with lysosomes for their degradation. Autophagy can be activated by nutrient stress, for example by a reduction in the cellular levels of amino acids. In contrast, how autophagy is regulated by low cellular ATP levels via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important therapeutic target, is less clear. Using live-cell imaging and an automated image analysis pipeline, we systematically dissect how nutrient starvation regulates autophagosome biogenesis. We demonstrate that glucose starvation downregulates autophagosome maturation by AMPK mediated inhibition of phagophores tethering to donor membranes. Our results clarify AMPK's regulatory role in autophagy and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target to reduce autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Barnaba
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering
| | - David G. Broadbent
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering
- College of Osteopathic Medicine
- Department of Physiology
| | | | - Jens C. Schmidt
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
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31
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Townsend LK, Steinberg GR. AMPK and the Endocrine Control of Metabolism. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:910-933. [PMID: 37115289 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Complex multicellular organisms require a coordinated response from multiple tissues to maintain whole-body homeostasis in the face of energetic stressors such as fasting, cold, and exercise. It is also essential that energy is stored efficiently with feeding and the chronic nutrient surplus that occurs with obesity. Mammals have adapted several endocrine signals that regulate metabolism in response to changes in nutrient availability and energy demand. These include hormones altered by fasting and refeeding including insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1, catecholamines, ghrelin, and fibroblast growth factor 21; adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin; cell stress-induced cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha and growth differentiating factor 15, and lastly exerkines such as interleukin-6 and irisin. Over the last 2 decades, it has become apparent that many of these endocrine factors control metabolism by regulating the activity of the AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase). AMPK is a master regulator of nutrient homeostasis, phosphorylating over 100 distinct substrates that are critical for controlling autophagy, carbohydrate, fatty acid, cholesterol, and protein metabolism. In this review, we discuss how AMPK integrates endocrine signals to maintain energy balance in response to diverse homeostatic challenges. We also present some considerations with respect to experimental design which should enhance reproducibility and the fidelity of the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan K Townsend
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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32
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Doshi H, Spengler K, Godbole A, Gee YS, Baell J, Oakhill JS, Henke A, Heller R. AMPK protects endothelial cells against HSV-1 replication via inhibition of mTORC1 and ACC1. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0041723. [PMID: 37702499 PMCID: PMC10580915 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00417-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a widespread contagious pathogen, mostly causing mild symptoms on the mucosal entry side. However, systemic distribution, in particular upon reactivation of the virus in immunocompromised patients, may trigger an innate immune response and induce damage of organs. In these conditions, HSV-1 may infect vascular endothelial cells, but little is known about the regulation of HSV-1 replication and possible defense mechanisms in these cells. The current study addresses the question of whether the host cell protein AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important metabolic sensor, can control HSV-1 replication in endothelial cells. We show that downregulation of the catalytic subunits AMPKα1 and/or AMPKα2 increased HSV-1 replication as monitored by TCID50 titrations, while a potent AMPK agonist, MK-8722, strongly inhibited it. MK-8722 induced a persistent phosphorylation of the AMPK downstream targets acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and the rapamycin-sensitive adaptor protein of mTOR (Raptor) and, related to this, impairment of ACC1-mediated lipid synthesis and the mechanistic target of the rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1) pathway. Since blockade of mTOR by Torin-2 as well as downregulation of ACC1 by siRNA also decreased HSV-1 replication, MK-8722 is likely to exert its anti-viral effect via mTORC1 and ACC1 inhibition. Importantly, MK-8722 was able to reduce virus replication even when added after HSV-1. Together, our data highlight the importance of endothelial cells as host cells for HSV-1 replication upon systemic infection and identify AMPK, a metabolic host cell protein, as a potential target for antiviral strategies against HSV-1 infection and its severe consequences. IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a common pathogen that causes blisters or cold sores in humans. It remains latent in infected individuals and can be reactivated multiple times. In adverse conditions, for instance, in immunocompromised patients, HSV-1 can lead to serious complications such as encephalitis, meningitis, or blindness. In these situations, infection of endothelial cells lining the surface of blood vessels may contribute to the manifestation of disease. Here, we describe the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a potent regulator of cellular energy metabolism, in HSV-1 replication in endothelial cells. While downregulation of AMPK potentiates HSV-1 replication, pharmacological AMPK activation inhibits it by limiting the availability of required host cell macromolecules such as proteins or fatty acids. These data highlight the role of metabolic host cell proteins as antiviral targets and reveal activation of endothelial AMPK as a potential strategy to protect from severe consequences of HSV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Doshi
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Spengler
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Amod Godbole
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Yi Sing Gee
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan Baell
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jonathan S. Oakhill
- Metabolic Signaling Laboratory, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Henke
- Section of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Regine Heller
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Norlin S, Axelsson J, Ericsson M, Edlund H. O304 ameliorates hyperglycemia in mice by dually promoting muscle glucose effectiveness and preserving β-cell function. Commun Biol 2023; 6:877. [PMID: 37626210 PMCID: PMC10457357 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although insulin mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is a major mechanism ensuring glucose disposal in humans, glucose effectiveness, i.e., the ability of glucose itself to stimulate its own uptake independent of insulin, accounts for roughly half of the glucose disposed during an oral glucose tolerance test. Both insulin dependent and insulin independent skeletal muscle glucose uptake are however reduced in individuals with diabetes. We here show that AMPK activator O304 stimulates insulin independent glucose uptake and utilization in skeletal muscle and heart in vivo, while preventing glycogen accumulation. Combined glucose uptake and utilization requires an increased metabolic demand and we show that O304 acts as a mitochondrial uncoupler, i.e., generates a metabolic demand. O304 averts gene expression changes associated with metabolic inflexibility in skeletal muscle and heart of diabetic mice and reverts diabetic cardiomyopathy. In Type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance elicits compensatory insulin hypersecretion, provoking β-cell stress and eventually compensatory failure. In db/db mice O304 preserves β-cell function by preventing decline in insulin secretion, β-cell mass, and pancreatic insulin content. Thus, as a dual AMPK activator and mitochondrial uncoupler O304 mitigates two central defects of T2D; impaired glucose uptake/utilization and β-cell failure, which today lack effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Norlin
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Axelsson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Madelene Ericsson
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Helena Edlund
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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34
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Xu C, Pan X, Wang D, Guan Y, Yang W, Chen X, Liu Y. O-GlcNAcylation of Raptor transduces glucose signals to mTORC1. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3027-3040.e11. [PMID: 37541260 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) regulates metabolism and cell growth in response to nutrient levels. Dysregulation of mTORC1 results in a broad spectrum of diseases. Glucose is the primary energy supply of cells, and therefore, glucose levels must be accurately conveyed to mTORC1 through highly responsive signaling mechanisms to control mTORC1 activity. Here, we report that glucose-induced mTORC1 activation is regulated by O-GlcNAcylation of Raptor, a core component of mTORC1, in HEK293T cells. Mechanistically, O-GlcNAcylation of Raptor at threonine 700 facilitates the interactions between Raptor and Rag GTPases and promotes the translocation of mTOR to the lysosomal surface, consequently activating mTORC1. In addition, we show that AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of Raptor suppresses Raptor O-GlcNAcylation and inhibits Raptor-Rags interactions. Our findings reveal an exquisitely controlled mechanism, which suggests how glucose coordinately regulates cellular anabolism and catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Yuan Pei College, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Beijing 100871, China.
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35
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Ji H, Englmaier F, Morigny P, Giroud M, Gräsle P, Brings S, Szendrödi J, Berriel Diaz M, Plettenburg O, Herzig S, Rohm M. Development of a peptide drug restoring AMPK and adipose tissue functionality in cancer cachexia. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2408-2421. [PMID: 37408309 PMCID: PMC10422018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a severe systemic wasting disease that negatively affects quality of life and survival in patients with cancer. To date, treating cancer cachexia is still a major unmet clinical need. We recently discovered the destabilization of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) complex in adipose tissue as a key event in cachexia-related adipose tissue dysfunction and developed an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based approach to prevent AMPK degradation and prolong cachexia-free survival. Here, we show the development and optimization of a prototypic peptide, Pen-X-ACIP, where the AMPK-stabilizing peptide ACIP is fused to the cell-penetrating peptide moiety penetratin via a propargylic glycine linker to enable late-stage functionalization using click chemistry. Pen-X-ACIP was efficiently taken up by adipocytes, inhibited lipolysis, and restored AMPK signaling. Tissue uptake assays showed a favorable uptake profile into adipose tissue upon intraperitoneal injection. Systemic delivery of Pen-X-ACIP into tumor-bearing animals prevented the progression of cancer cachexia without affecting tumor growth and preserved body weight and adipose tissue mass with no discernable side effects in other peripheral organs, thereby achieving proof of concept. As Pen-X-ACIP also exerted its anti-lipolytic activity in human adipocytes, it now provides a promising platform for further (pre)clinical development toward a novel, first-in-class approach against cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Ji
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Felix Englmaier
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center of Biomolecular Research, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Pauline Morigny
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maude Giroud
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pamina Gräsle
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brings
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Szendrödi
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mauricio Berriel Diaz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Plettenburg
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center of Biomolecular Research, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; Laboratory of Nano- and Quantum Engineering (LNQE), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hanover, Germany; Institute of Lung Health (ILH), 35392 Gießen, Germany.
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair Molecular Metabolic Control, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Maria Rohm
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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36
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Li Q, Jiang X, Zhou Y, Gu Y, Ding Y, Luo J, Pang N, Sun Y, Pei L, Pan J, Gao M, Ma S, Xiao Y, Hu D, Wu F, Yang L. Improving Mitochondrial Function in Skeletal Muscle Contributes to the Amelioration of Insulin Resistance by Nicotinamide Riboside. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10015. [PMID: 37373163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle is often accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Boosting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) using nicotinamide riboside (NR) can effectively decrease oxidative stress and increase mitochondrial function. However, whether NR can ameliorate IR in skeletal muscle is still inconclusive. We fed male C57BL/6J mice with an HFD (60% fat) ± 400 mg/kg·bw NR for 24 weeks. C2C12 myotube cells were treated with 0.25 mM palmitic acid (PA) ± 0.5 mM NR for 24 h. Indicators for IR and mitochondrial dysfunction were analyzed. NR treatment alleviated IR in HFD-fed mice with regard to improved glucose tolerance and a remarkable decrease in the levels of fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR index. NR-treated HFD-fed mice also showed improved metabolic status regarding a significant reduction in body weight and lipid contents in serum and the liver. NR activated AMPK in the skeletal muscle of HFD-fed mice and PA-treated C2C12 myotube cells and upregulated the expression of mitochondria-related transcriptional factors and coactivators, thereby improving mitochondrial function and alleviating oxidative stress. Upon inhibiting AMPK using Compound C, NR lost its ability in enhancing mitochondrial function and protection against IR induced by PA. In summary, improving mitochondrial function through the activation of AMPK pathway in skeletal muscle may play an important role in the amelioration of IR using NR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xuye Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yujia Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yingying Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yijie Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Nengzhi Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lei Pei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mengqi Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Sixi Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - De Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Feilong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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37
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Cao R, Tian H, Zhang Y, Liu G, Xu H, Rao G, Tian Y, Fu X. Signaling pathways and intervention for therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e283. [PMID: 37303813 PMCID: PMC10248034 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents one of the fastest growing epidemic metabolic disorders worldwide and is a strong contributor for a broad range of comorbidities, including vascular, visual, neurological, kidney, and liver diseases. Moreover, recent data suggest a mutual interplay between T2DM and Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β cell dysfunction. Pioneering discoveries throughout the past few decades have established notable links between signaling pathways and T2DM pathogenesis and therapy. Importantly, a number of signaling pathways substantially control the advancement of core pathological changes in T2DM, including IR and β cell dysfunction, as well as additional pathogenic disturbances. Accordingly, an improved understanding of these signaling pathways sheds light on tractable targets and strategies for developing and repurposing critical therapies to treat T2DM and its complications. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the history of T2DM and signaling pathways, and offer a systematic update on the role and mechanism of key signaling pathways underlying the onset, development, and progression of T2DM. In this content, we also summarize current therapeutic drugs/agents associated with signaling pathways for the treatment of T2DM and its complications, and discuss some implications and directions to the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Huimin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Geng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Guocheng Rao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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38
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Yang C, Zhao Y, Wang L, Guo Z, Ma L, Yang R, Wu Y, Li X, Niu J, Chu Q, Fu Y, Li B. De novo pyrimidine biosynthetic complexes support cancer cell proliferation and ferroptosis defence. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:836-847. [PMID: 37291265 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis is achieved by cytosolic carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase II, aspartate transcarbamylase and dihydroorotase (CAD) and uridine 5'-monophosphate synthase (UMPS), and mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). However, how these enzymes are orchestrated remains enigmatical. Here we show that cytosolic glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 clusters with CAD and UMPS, and this complex then connects with DHODH, which is mediated by the mitochondrial outer membrane protein voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3. Therefore, these proteins form a multi-enzyme complex, named 'pyrimidinosome', involving AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a regulator. Activated AMPK dissociates from the complex to enhance pyrimidinosome assembly but inactivated UMPS, which promotes DHODH-mediated ferroptosis defence. Meanwhile, cancer cells with lower expression of AMPK are more reliant on pyrimidinosome-mediated UMP biosynthesis and more vulnerable to its inhibition. Our findings reveal the role of pyrimidinosome in regulating pyrimidine flux and ferroptosis, and suggest a pharmaceutical strategy of targeting pyrimidinosome in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhen Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiliang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zihao Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingdi Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ronghui Yang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexue Li
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyun Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Binghui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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39
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Park JM, Lee DH, Kim DH. Redefining the role of AMPK in autophagy and the energy stress response. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2994. [PMID: 37225695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis during low energy states. According to the current understanding, glucose-depleted cells induce autophagy through AMPK, the primary energy-sensing kinase, to acquire energy for survival. However, contrary to the prevailing concept, our study demonstrates that AMPK inhibits ULK1, the kinase responsible for autophagy initiation, thereby suppressing autophagy. We found that glucose starvation suppresses amino acid starvation-induced stimulation of ULK1-Atg14-Vps34 signaling via AMPK activation. During an energy crisis caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, the LKB1-AMPK axis inhibits ULK1 activation and autophagy induction, even under amino acid starvation. Despite its inhibitory effect, AMPK protects the ULK1-associated autophagy machinery from caspase-mediated degradation during energy deficiency, preserving the cellular ability to initiate autophagy and restore homeostasis once the stress subsides. Our findings reveal that dual functions of AMPK, restraining abrupt induction of autophagy upon energy shortage while preserving essential autophagy components, are crucial to maintain cellular homeostasis and survival during energy stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Man Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Da-Hye Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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40
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Lopez-Escalera S, Lund ML, Hermes GDA, Choi BSY, Sakamoto K, Wellejus A. In Vitro Screening for Probiotic Properties of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Strains in Assays Relevant for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Prevention. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102361. [PMID: 37242245 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial metabolic disorder that poses health challenges worldwide and is expected to continue to rise dramatically. NAFLD is associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and impaired gut health. Increased gut permeability, caused by disturbance of tight junction proteins, allows passage of damaging microbial components that, upon reaching the liver, have been proposed to trigger the release of inflammatory cytokines and generate cellular stress. A growing body of research has suggested the utilization of targeted probiotic supplements as a preventive therapy to improve gut barrier function and tight junctions. Furthermore, specific microbial interactions and metabolites induce the secretion of hormones such as GLP-1, resulting in beneficial effects on liver health. To increase the likelihood of finding beneficial probiotic strains, we set up a novel screening platform consisting of multiple in vitro and ex vivo assays for the screening of 42 bacterial strains. Analysis of transepithelial electrical resistance response via co-incubation of the 42 bacterial strains with human colonic cells (Caco-2) revealed improved barrier integrity. Then, strain-individual metabolome profiling was performed revealing species-specific clusters. GLP-1 secretion assay with intestinal secretin tumor cell line (STC-1) found at least seven of the strains tested capable of enhancing GLP-1 secretion in vitro. Gene expression profiling in human biopsy-derived intestinal organoids was performed using next generation sequencing transcriptomics post bacterial co-incubation. Here, different degrees of immunomodulation by the increase in certain cytokine and chemokine transcripts were found. Treatment of mouse primary hepatocytes with selected highly produced bacterial metabolites revealed that indole metabolites robustly inhibited de novo lipogenesis. Collectively, through our comprehensive bacterial screening pipeline, not previously ascribed strains from both Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera were proposed as potential probiotics based on their ability to increase epithelial barrier integrity and immunity, promote GLP-1 secretion, and produce metabolites relevant to liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lopez-Escalera
- Human Health Research, Scientific Affairs, Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
- Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Bachstraβe 18K, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Mari L Lund
- Human Health Research, Scientific Affairs, Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Gerben D A Hermes
- Human Health Research, Scientific Affairs, Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Béatrice S-Y Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Wellejus
- Human Health Research, Scientific Affairs, Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
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41
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Malik N, Ferreira BI, Hollstein PE, Curtis SD, Trefts E, Novak SW, Yu J, Gilson R, Hellberg K, Fang L, Sheridan A, Hah N, Shadel GS, Manor U, Shaw RJ. Induction of lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis by AMPK phosphorylation of FNIP1. Science 2023; 380:eabj5559. [PMID: 37079666 PMCID: PMC10794112 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Cells respond to mitochondrial poisons with rapid activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), causing acute metabolic changes through phosphorylation and prolonged adaptation of metabolism through transcriptional effects. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a major effector of AMPK that increases expression of lysosome genes in response to energetic stress, but how AMPK activates TFEB remains unresolved. We demonstrate that AMPK directly phosphorylates five conserved serine residues in folliculin-interacting protein 1 (FNIP1), suppressing the function of the folliculin (FLCN)-FNIP1 complex. FNIP1 phosphorylation is required for AMPK to induce nuclear translocation of TFEB and TFEB-dependent increases of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) and estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) messenger RNAs. Thus, mitochondrial damage triggers AMPK-FNIP1-dependent nuclear translocation of TFEB, inducing sequential waves of lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazma Malik
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bibiana I. Ferreira
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pablo E. Hollstein
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie D. Curtis
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elijah Trefts
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sammy Weiser Novak
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jingting Yu
- Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Gilson
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristina Hellberg
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lingjing Fang
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arlo Sheridan
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gerald S. Shadel
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Uri Manor
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Reuben J. Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Kanagaki S, Tsutsui Y, Kobayashi N, Komine T, Ito M, Akasaka Y, Nagasawa M, Ide T, Omae N, Nakao K, Rembutsu M, Iwago M, Yonezawa A, Hosokawa Y, Hosooka T, Ogawa W, Murakami K. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) through inhibiting interaction with prohibitins. iScience 2023; 26:106293. [PMID: 36950117 PMCID: PMC10025096 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
5'-Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a potential therapeutic target for various medical conditions. We here identify a small-molecule compound (RX-375) that activates AMPK and inhibits fatty acid synthesis in cultured human hepatocytes. RX-375 does not bind to AMPK but interacts with prohibitins (PHB1 and PHB2), which were found to form a complex with AMPK. RX-375 induced dissociation of this complex, and PHBs knockdown resulted in AMPK activation, in the cultured cells. Administration of RX-375 to obese mice activated AMPK and ameliorated steatosis in the liver. High-throughput screening based on disruption of the AMPK-PHB interaction identified a second small-molecule compound that activates AMPK, confirming the importance of this interaction in the regulation of AMPK. Our results thus indicate that PHBs are previously unrecognized negative regulators of AMPK, and that compounds that prevent the AMPK-PHB interaction constitute a class of AMPK activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kanagaki
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Naoki Kobayashi
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Takashi Komine
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Minoru Ito
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Yunike Akasaka
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Michiaki Nagasawa
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ide
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Naoki Omae
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakao
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Makoto Rembutsu
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Maki Iwago
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Aki Yonezawa
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Yusei Hosokawa
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hosooka
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Wataru Ogawa
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Koji Murakami
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
- Corresponding author
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43
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Steinberg GR, Hardie DG. New insights into activation and function of the AMPK. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:255-272. [PMID: 36316383 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 202.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The classical role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is as a cellular energy sensor activated by falling energy status, signalled by increases in AMP to ATP and ADP to ATP ratios. Once activated, AMPK acts to restore energy homeostasis by promoting ATP-producing catabolic pathways while inhibiting energy-consuming processes. In this Review, we provide an update on this canonical (AMP/ADP-dependent) activation mechanism, but focus mainly on recently described non-canonical pathways, including those by which AMPK senses the availability of glucose, glycogen or fatty acids and by which it senses damage to lysosomes and nuclear DNA. We also discuss new findings on the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, mitochondrial and lysosomal homeostasis, and DNA repair. Finally, we discuss the role of AMPK in cancer, obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and other disorders where therapeutic targeting may exert beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - D Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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44
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Tian R, Yang J, Wang X, Liu S, Dong R, Wang Z, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Cai Z, Yang H, Hu Y, She ZG, Li H, Zhou J, Zhang XJ. Honokiol acts as an AMPK complex agonist therapeutic in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome. Chin Med 2023; 18:30. [PMID: 36932412 PMCID: PMC10024454 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and its related metabolic syndrome have become major threats to human health, but there is still a need for effective and safe drugs to treat these conditions. Here we aimed to identify potential drug candidates for NAFLD and the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS A drug repositioning strategy was used to screen an FDA-approved drug library with approximately 3000 compounds in an in vitro hepatocyte model of lipid accumulation, with honokiol identified as an effective anti-NAFLD candidate. We systematically examined the therapeutic effect of honokiol in NAFLD and metabolic syndrome in multiple in vitro and in vivo models. Transcriptomic examination and biotin-streptavidin binding assays were used to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, confirmed by rescue experiments. RESULTS Honokiol significantly inhibited metabolic syndrome and NAFLD progression as evidenced by improved hepatic steatosis, liver fibrosis, adipose inflammation, and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, the beneficial effects of honokiol were largely through AMPK activation. Rather than acting on the classical upstream regulators of AMPK, honokiol directly bound to the AMPKγ1 subunit to robustly activate AMPK signaling. Mutation of honokiol-binding sites of AMPKγ1 largely abolished the protective capacity of honokiol against NAFLD. CONCLUSION These findings clearly demonstrate the beneficial effects of honokiol in multiple models and reveal a previously unappreciated signaling mechanism of honokiol in NAFLD and metabolic syndrome. This study also provides new insights into metabolic disease treatment by targeting AMPKγ1 subunit-mediated signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Tian
- Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital; School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jinjie Yang
- Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital; School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital; School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shuaiyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital; School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ruixiang Dong
- Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital; School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhenya Wang
- Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital; School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital; School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yingping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Zhiwei Cai
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hailong Yang
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital; School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital; School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China. .,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China. .,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Junjie Zhou
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital; School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China. .,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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45
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Yang Y, Reid MA, Hanse EA, Li H, Li Y, Ruiz BI, Fan Q, Kong M. SAPS3 subunit of protein phosphatase 6 is an AMPK inhibitor and controls metabolic homeostasis upon dietary challenge in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1368. [PMID: 36914647 PMCID: PMC10011557 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of AMPK is tightly associated with metabolic perturbations upon over nutrition, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying are not clear. Here, we demonstrate the serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 6 regulatory subunit 3, SAPS3, is a negative regulator of AMPK. SAPS3 is induced under high fat diet (HFD) and recruits the PP6 catalytic subunit to deactivate phosphorylated-AMPK, thereby inhibiting AMPK-controlled metabolic pathways. Either whole-body or liver-specific deletion of SAPS3 protects male mice against HFD-induced detrimental consequences and reverses HFD-induced metabolic and transcriptional alterations while loss of SAPS3 has no effects on mice under balanced diets. Furthermore, genetic inhibition of AMPK is sufficient to block the protective phenotype in SAPS3 knockout mice under HFD. Together, our results reveal that SAPS3 is a negative regulator of AMPK and suppression of SAPS3 functions as a guardian when metabolism is perturbed and represents a potential therapeutic strategy to treat metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Michael A Reid
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Eric A Hanse
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Haiqing Li
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yuanding Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Bryan I Ruiz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Qi Fan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Mei Kong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Ouyang Q, Chen Q, Ke S, Ding L, Yang X, Rong P, Feng W, Cao Y, Wang Q, Li M, Su S, Wei W, Liu M, Liu J, Zhang X, Li JZ, Wang HY, Chen S. Rab8a as a mitochondrial receptor for lipid droplets in skeletal muscle. Dev Cell 2023; 58:289-305.e6. [PMID: 36800997 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic interaction between lipid droplets (LDs) and mitochondria controls the mobilization of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) from LDs for mitochondrial β-oxidation in skeletal muscle in response to energy stress. However, little is known about the composition and regulation of the tethering complex mediating LD-mitochondrion interaction. Here, we identify Rab8a as a mitochondrial receptor for LDs forming the tethering complex with the LD-associated PLIN5 in skeletal muscle. In rat L6 skeletal muscle cells, the energy sensor AMPK increases the GTP-bound active Rab8a that promotes LD-mitochondrion interaction through binding to PLIN5 upon starvation. The assembly of the Rab8a-PLIN5 tethering complex also recruits the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), which couples LCFA mobilization from LDs with its transfer into mitochondria for β-oxidation. Rab8a deficiency impairs fatty acid utilization and decreases endurance during exercise in a mouse model. These findings may help to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on lipid homeostasis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China; Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Qiaoli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China; Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Shunyuan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Longfei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Ping Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Weikuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Ye Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Shu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Wen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Minjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Jin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - John Zhong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China; Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China.
| | - Shuai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China; Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China.
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47
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Huynh C, Ryu J, Lee J, Inoki A, Inoki K. Nutrient-sensing mTORC1 and AMPK pathways in chronic kidney diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:102-122. [PMID: 36434160 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nutrients such as glucose, amino acids and lipids are fundamental sources for the maintenance of essential cellular processes and homeostasis in all organisms. The nutrient-sensing kinases mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are expressed in many cell types and have key roles in the control of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism and survival, ultimately contributing to the physiological development and functions of various organs, including the kidney. Dysregulation of these kinases leads to many human health problems, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders and kidney diseases. In the kidney, physiological levels of mTOR and AMPK activity are required to support kidney cell growth and differentiation and to maintain kidney cell integrity and normal nephron function, including transport of electrolytes, water and glucose. mTOR forms two functional multi-protein kinase complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Hyperactivation of mTORC1 leads to podocyte and tubular cell dysfunction and vulnerability to injury, thereby contributing to the development of chronic kidney diseases, including diabetic kidney disease, obesity-related kidney disease and polycystic kidney disease. Emerging evidence suggests that targeting mTOR and/or AMPK could be an effective therapeutic approach to controlling or preventing these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Huynh
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jaewhee Ryu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jooho Lee
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ayaka Inoki
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ken Inoki
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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48
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AMPK inhibits liver gluconeogenesis: fact or fiction? Biochem J 2023; 480:105-125. [PMID: 36637190 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Is there a role for AMPK in the control of hepatic gluconeogenesis and could targeting AMPK in liver be a viable strategy for treating type 2 diabetes? These are frequently asked questions this review tries to answer. After describing properties of AMPK and different small-molecule AMPK activators, we briefly review the various mechanisms for controlling hepatic glucose production, mainly via gluconeogenesis. The different experimental and genetic models that have been used to draw conclusions about the role of AMPK in the control of liver gluconeogenesis are critically discussed. The effects of several anti-diabetic drugs, particularly metformin, on hepatic gluconeogenesis are also considered. We conclude that the main effect of AMPK activation pertinent to the control of hepatic gluconeogenesis is to antagonize glucagon signalling in the short-term and, in the long-term, to improve insulin sensitivity by reducing hepatic lipid content.
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Ren G, Ding YW, Wang LL, Jiang JD. Berberine stimulates lysosomal AMPK independent of PEN2 and maintains cellular AMPK activity through inhibiting the dephosphorylation regulator UHRF1. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1148611. [PMID: 37144221 PMCID: PMC10151516 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1148611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: AMPK is the key regulatory kinase mediating the effect of berberine (BBR) and metformin on metabolic improvement. The present study investigated the mechanism of BBR on AMPK activation at low doses, which was different from that of metformin. Methods: Lysosomes were isolated, and AMPK activity assay was performed. PEN2, AXIN1 and UHRF1 were investigated through gain/loss of function approaches, including overexpression, RNA interfering and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout. Immunoprecipitation was utilized for detecting the interaction of UHRF1 and AMPKα1 after BBR treatment. Results: BBR activated lysosomal AMPK, but weaker than metformin. AXIN1 mediated BBR's effect on lysosomal AMPK activation, while PEN2 did not. BBR, but not metformin, decreased UHRF1 expression by promoting its degradation. BBR reduced the interaction between UHRF1 and AMPKα1. And overexpression of UHRF1 abolished the effect of BBR on AMPK activation. Conclusion: BBR activated lysosomal AMPK as dependent on AXIN1, but not PEN2. BBR maintained cellular AMPK activity by reducing UHRF1 expression and its interaction with AMPKα1. The mode of action of BBR was different from that of metformin on AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ren
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Ren, ; Jian-Dong Jiang,
| | - Yu-Wei Ding
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Lu Wang
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Ren, ; Jian-Dong Jiang,
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50
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Bakaj I, Pocai A. Metabolism-based approaches for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1126055. [PMID: 36876046 PMCID: PMC9980902 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1126055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) leads to end stage kidney disease (ESKD) through the development and expansion of multiple cysts throughout the kidney parenchyma. An increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays an important role in generating and maintaining fluid-filled cysts because cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA) and stimulates epithelial chloride secretion through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). A vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, Tolvaptan, was recently approved for the treatment of ADPKD patients at high risk of progression. However additional treatments are urgently needed due to the poor tolerability, the unfavorable safety profile, and the high cost of Tolvaptan. In ADPKD kidneys, alterations of multiple metabolic pathways termed metabolic reprogramming has been consistently reported to support the growth of rapidly proliferating cystic cells. Published data suggest that upregulated mTOR and c-Myc repress oxidative metabolism while enhancing glycolytic flux and lactic acid production. mTOR and c-Myc are activated by PKA/MEK/ERK signaling so it is possible that cAMPK/PKA signaling will be upstream regulators of metabolic reprogramming. Novel therapeutics opportunities targeting metabolic reprogramming may avoid or minimize the side effects that are dose limiting in the clinic and improve on the efficacy observed in human ADPKD with Tolvaptan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Bakaj
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, United States
| | - Alessandro Pocai
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, United States
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