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Chen Z, Zhou Y, Tan Y, He SD, Ji X, Xiao B, Chen H. Network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation of Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang's therapeutic effects against neutrophilic asthma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 243:116063. [PMID: 38479305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang (XQLT), a classical Chinese herbal medicine formula, has been extensively used for allergic asthma treatment. However, there is limited research on its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms specifically in neutrophilic asthma (NA). PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of XQLT against NA using a combination of network pharmacology and experimental validation. STUDY DESIGN By utilizing traditional Chinese medicine and disease databases, we constructed an XQLT-asthma network to identify potential targets of XQLT for NA. In the experimental phase, we utilized an ovalbumin (OVA)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model for neutrophilic asthma and examined the therapeutic effects of XQLT. RESULTS Our research identified 174 bioactive components within XQLT and obtained 140 target genes of XQLT against asthma. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these target genes were primarily associated with inflammation and cytokines. In the experimental validation, mice induced with OVA-LPS showcased eosinophilic and neutrophilic cell infiltration in peri-bronchial areas, elevated levels of IL-4 and IL-17 in both serum and lung, increased percentages of Th2 and Th17 cells in the spleen, as well as elevated levels of CD11b+ and CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) within the lung. Treatment with XQLT effectively reduced IL-4 and IL-17 levels, decreased the percentages of Th2, Th17, CD11b+, and CD103+ DCs, and improved inflammatory cell infiltrations in lung tissues. These findings serve as a foundation for the potential clinical application of XQLT in neutrophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaoliang Zhou
- The Emergency Department, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanfei Tan
- The Physical Examination Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng-Dong He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoying Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Bing Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Emergency and Difficult Diseases Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Guilin Hospital of The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Hongda Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Zhang J, Peng Y, Song H, Liu S, Li C, Zhang Y, Shi X, Guo H, Xu Y. Mitochondrial-dependent oxidative phosphorylation is key for postnatal metabolic adaptation of alveolar macrophages in the lung. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112012. [PMID: 38657501 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) seed in lung during embryogenesis and become mature in perinatal period. Establishment of acclimatization to environmental challenges is important, whereas the detailed mechanisms that drive metabolic adaptation of AMs remains to be elucidated. Here, we showed that energy metabolism of AMs was transformed from glycolysis prenatally to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) postnatally accompanied by up-regulated expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). TFAM deficiency disturbed mitochondrial stability and decreased OXPHOS, which finally impaired AM maintenance and function, but not AM embryonic development. Mechanistically, Tfam-deletion resulted in impaired mitochondrial respiration and decreased ATP production, which triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to cause B cell lymphoma 2 ovarian killer (BOK) accumulation and abnormal distribution of intracellular Ca2+, eventually led to induce AM apoptotic death. Thus, our data illustrated mitochondrial-dependent OXPHOS played a key role in orchestrating AM postnatal metabolic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Haosen Song
- Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Chuanwei Li
- Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China.
| | - Huifang Guo
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China.
| | - Yingping Xu
- Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China.
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3
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Zhu Y, Choi D, Somanath PR, Zhang D. Lipid-Laden Macrophages in Pulmonary Diseases. Cells 2024; 13:889. [PMID: 38891022 PMCID: PMC11171561 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactants play a crucial role in managing lung lipid metabolism, and dysregulation of this process is evident in various lung diseases. Alternations in lipid metabolism lead to pulmonary surfactant damage, resulting in hyperlipidemia in response to lung injury. Lung macrophages are responsible for recycling damaged lipid droplets to maintain lipid homeostasis. The inflammatory response triggered by external stimuli such as cigarette smoke, bleomycin, and bacteria can interfere with this process, resulting in the formation of lipid-laden macrophages (LLMs), also known as foamy macrophages. Recent studies have highlighted the potential significance of LLM formation in a range of pulmonary diseases. Furthermore, growing evidence suggests that LLMs are present in patients suffering from various pulmonary conditions. In this review, we summarize the essential metabolic and signaling pathways driving the LLM formation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, tuberculosis, and acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhu
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA (D.C.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Dooyoung Choi
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA (D.C.)
| | - Payaningal R. Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA (D.C.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Duo Zhang
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA (D.C.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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4
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Furment MM, Perl A. Immmunometabolism of systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2024; 261:109939. [PMID: 38382658 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.109939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a potentially fatal chronic autoimmune disease which is underlain by complex dysfunction of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Although a series of well-defined genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in disease etiology, neither the development nor the persistence of SLE is well understood. Given that several disease susceptibility genes and environmental factors interact and influence inflammatory lineage specification through metabolism, the field of immunometabolism has become a forefront of cutting edge research. Along these lines, metabolic checkpoints of pathogenesis have been identified as targets of effective therapeutic interventions in mouse models and validated in clinical trials. Ongoing studies focus on mitochondrial oxidative stress, activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin, calcium signaling, glucose utilization, tryptophan degradation, and metabolic cross-talk between gut microbiota and the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Marte Furment
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States of America
| | - Andras Perl
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States of America; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States of America; Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States of America.
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5
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Gan PXL, Zhang S, Fred Wong WS. Targeting reprogrammed metabolism as a therapeutic approach for respiratory diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116187. [PMID: 38561090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming underlies the etiology and pathophysiology of respiratory diseases such as asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The dysregulated cellular activities driving airway inflammation and remodelling in these diseases have reportedly been linked to aberrant shifts in energy-producing metabolic pathways: glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The rewiring of glycolysis and OXPHOS accompanying the therapeutic effects of many clinical compounds and natural products in asthma, IPF, and COPD, supports targeting metabolism as a therapeutic approach for respiratory diseases. Correspondingly, inhibiting glycolysis has largely attested effective against experimental asthma, IPF, and COPD. However, modulating OXPHOS and its supporting catabolic pathways like mitochondrial pyruvate catabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), and glutaminolysis for these respiratory diseases remain inconclusive. An emerging repertoire of metabolic enzymes are also interconnected to these canonical metabolic pathways that similarly possess therapeutic potential for respiratory diseases. Taken together, this review highlights the urgent demand for future studies to ascertain the role of OXPHOS in different respiratory diseases, under different stimulatory conditions, and in different cell types. While this review provides strong experimental evidence in support of the inhibition of glycolysis for asthma, IPF, and COPD, further verification by clinical trials is definitely required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis X L Gan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Drug Discovery and Optimization Platform, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.
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6
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Wang J, Zhou Y, Zhang M, Wu Y, Wu Q, Su W, Xu M, Wu J, Zhang M, Shuai J, Tang W, Lv J, Wu M, Xia Z. YTHDF1-CLOCK axis contributes to pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation through LLPS. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113947. [PMID: 38492220 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been implicated in many cell processes and diseases. YTHDF1, a translation-facilitating m6A reader, has not been previously shown to be related to allergic airway inflammation. Here, we report that YTHDF1 is highly expressed in allergic airway epithelial cells and asthmatic patients and that it influences proinflammatory responses. CLOCK, a subunit of the circadian clock pathway, is the direct target of YTHDF1. YTHDF1 augments CLOCK translation in an m6A-dependent manner. Allergens enhance the liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of YTHDF1 and drive the formation of a complex comprising dimeric YTHDF1 and CLOCK mRNA, which is distributed to stress granules. Moreover, YTHDF1 strongly activates NLRP3 inflammasome production and interleukin-1β secretion leading to airway inflammatory responses, but these phenotypes are abolished by deleting CLOCK. These findings demonstrate that YTHDF1 is an important regulator of asthmatic airway inflammation, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujiao Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhong Wu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwei Shuai
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiajia Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Wu
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Zhenwei Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Lv J, Zhou Y, Wang J, Wu Y, Yu Q, Zhang M, Su W, Tang Z, Wu Q, Wu M, Xia Z. Heme oxygenase-1 alleviates allergic airway inflammation by suppressing NF-κB-mediated pyroptosis of bronchial epithelial cells. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23472. [PMID: 38329323 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300883rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Allergic asthma development and pathogenesis are influenced by airway epithelial cells in response to allergens. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible enzyme responsible for the breakdown of heme, has been considered an appealing target for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Herein, we report that alleviation of allergic airway inflammation by HO-1-mediated suppression of pyroptosis in airway epithelial cells (AECs). Using house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma models of mice, we found increased gasdermin D (GSDMD) in the airway epithelium. In vivo administration of disulfiram, a specific inhibitor of pore formation by GSDMD, decreased thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) release, T helper type 2 immune response, alleviated airway inflammation, and reduced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). HO-1 induction by hemin administration reversed these phenotypes. In vitro studies revealed that HO-1 restrained GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis and cytokine TSLP release in AECs by binding Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) p65 RHD domain and thus controlling NF-κB-dependent pyroptosis. These data provide new therapeutic indications for purposing HO-1 to counteract inflammation, which contributes to allergic inflammation control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujiao Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianying Yu
- Department of Pulmonary, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wu
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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8
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Schülke S, Gilles S, Jirmo AC, Mayer JU. Tissue-specific antigen-presenting cells contribute to distinct phenotypes of allergy. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2249980. [PMID: 36938688 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are critical cells bridging innate and adaptive immune responses by taking up, processing, and presenting antigens to naïve T cells. At steady state, APCs thus control both tissue homeostasis and the induction of tolerance. In allergies however, APCs drive a Th2-biased immune response that is directed against otherwise harmless antigens from the environment. The main types of APCs involved in the induction of allergy are dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages. However, these cell types can be further divided into local, tissue-specific populations that differ in their phenotype, migratory capacity, T-cell activating potential, and production of effector molecules. Understanding if distinct populations of APCs contribute to either tissue-specific immune tolerance, allergen sensitization, or allergic inflammation will allow us to better understand disease pathology and develop targeted treatment options for different stages of allergic disease. Therefore, this review describes the main characteristics, phenotypes, and effector molecules of the APCs involved in the induction of allergen-specific Th2 responses in affected barrier sites, such as the skin, nose, lung, and gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, we highlight open questions that remain to be addressed to fully understand the contribution of different APCs to allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schülke
- Vice President´s Research Group: Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen (Hesse), Germany
| | - Stefanie Gilles
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Adan C Jirmo
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes U Mayer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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9
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Sun Z, Zhang L, Liu L. Reprogramming the lipid metabolism of dendritic cells in tumor immunomodulation and immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115574. [PMID: 37757492 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells in the human body. They detect and process environmental signals and communicate with T cells to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Cell activation, function, and survival are closely associated with cellular metabolism. An increasing number of studies have revealed that lipid metabolism affects DC activation as well as innate and acquired immune responses. Combining lipid metabolic regulation with immunotherapy can strengthen the ability of antigen-presentation and T-cell activation of DCs, improve the existing anti-tumor therapy, and overcome the defects of DC-related therapies in the current stage, which has great potential in cancer therapy. This review summarizes the lipid metabolism of DCs under physiological conditions, analyzes the role of reprogramming the lipid metabolism of DCs in tumor immune regulation, and discusses potential immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanbo Sun
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Lixian Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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10
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Guo C, Chi H. Immunometabolism of dendritic cells in health and disease. Adv Immunol 2023; 160:83-116. [PMID: 38042587 PMCID: PMC11086980 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial mediators that bridge the innate and adaptive immune responses. Cellular rewiring of metabolism is an emerging regulator of the activation, migration, and functional specialization of DC subsets in specific microenvironments and immunological conditions. DCs undergo metabolic adaptation to exert immunogenic or tolerogenic effects in different contexts. Also, beyond their intracellular metabolic and signaling roles, metabolites and nutrients mediate the intercellular crosstalk between DCs and other cell types, and such crosstalk orchestrates DC function and immune responses. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the metabolic regulation of DC biology in various contexts and summarize the current understanding of such regulation in directing immune homeostasis and inflammation, specifically with respect to infections, autoimmunity, tolerance, cancer, metabolic diseases, and crosstalk with gut microbes. Understanding context-specific metabolic alterations in DCs may identify mechanisms for physiological and pathological functions of DCs and yield potential opportunities for therapeutic targeting of DC metabolism in many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuansheng Guo
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States.
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11
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Hartmeier PR, Kosanovich JL, Velankar KY, Ostrowski SM, Busch EE, Lipp MA, Empey KM, Meng WS. Modeling the kinetics of lymph node retention and exposure of a cargo protein delivered by biotin-functionalized nanoparticles. Acta Biomater 2023; 170:453-463. [PMID: 37652212 PMCID: PMC10592217 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Generation of protective immunity through vaccination arises from the adaptive immune response developed primarily in the lymph nodes drained from the immunization site. Relative to the intramuscular route, subcutaneous administration allows for direct and rapid access to the lymphatics, but accumulation of soluble protein antigens within the lymph nodes is limited. Subunit vaccines also require immune stimulating adjuvants which may not accumulate in the same lymph nodes simultaneously with antigen. Herein we report the use of biotinylated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (bNPs) to enhance delivery of a model protein antigen to the lymphatics. bNPs provide dual functionality as adjuvant and vehicle to localize antigens with stimulated immune cells in the same draining lymph node. Using streptavidin as a model antigen, which can be loaded directly onto the bNP surface, we evaluated the kinetics of lymph node occupancy and adaptive immune responses in wildtype C57BL/6 mice. Antigen exposure in vivo was significantly improved through surface loading onto bNPs, and we developed a working kinetic model to account for the retention of both particles and antigen in draining lymph nodes. We observed enhanced T cell responses and antigen-specific B cell response in vivo when antigen was delivered on the particle surface. This work highlights the advantage of combining intrinsic adjuvant and antigen loading in a single entity, and the utility of kinetic modeling in the understanding of particle-based vaccines. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Development of safe and effective subunit vaccines depends on effective formulations that render optimized exposure and colocalization of antigens and adjuvants. In this work, we utilize a nanoparticle system which features self-adjuvanting properties and allows for surface loading of recombinant protein antigens. Using in vivo imaging, we demonstrated prolonged co-localization of the antigen and adjuvant particles in draining lymph nodes and provided evidence of B cell activation for up to 21 days following subcutaneous injection. A pharmacokinetic model was developed as a step towards bridging the translational gap between particulate-based vaccines and observed outcomes. The results have implications for the rational design of particle-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Hartmeier
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Jessica L Kosanovich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Ketki Y Velankar
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Sarah M Ostrowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Emelia E Busch
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Madeline A Lipp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Kerry M Empey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Wilson S Meng
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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12
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are innate immune cells that detect and process environmental signals and communicate them with T cells to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Immune signals and microenvironmental cues shape the function of DC subsets in different contexts, which is associated with reprogramming of cellular metabolic pathways. In addition to integrating these extracellular cues to meet bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands, cellular metabolism interplays with immune signaling to shape DC-dependent immune responses. Emerging evidence indicates that lipid metabolism serves as a key regulator of DC responses. Here, we summarize the roles of fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism, as well as selective metabolites, in orchestrating the functions of DCs. Specifically, we highlight how different lipid metabolic programs, including de novo fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid β oxidation, lipid storage, and cholesterol efflux, influence DC function in different contexts. Further, we discuss how dysregulation of lipid metabolism shapes DC intracellular signaling and contributes to the impaired DC function in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on key future directions for the regulation of DC biology by lipid metabolism. Insights into the connections between lipid metabolism and DC functional specialization may facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan You
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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13
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Du J, Liu Y, Lan G, Zhou Y, Ni Y, Liao K, Zheng F, Cheng Q, Shi G, Su X. PTRF-IL33-ZBP1 signaling mediating macrophage necroptosis contributes to HDM-induced airway inflammation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:432. [PMID: 37454215 PMCID: PMC10349813 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Polymerase 1 and transcript release factor (PTRF, encoding by Cavin-1) regulates interleukin 33 (IL-33) release, which is implicated in asthma development. Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1)-sensing Z-RNAs induces necroptosis which causes inflammatory diseases. House dust mite (HDM) is the major source of allergen in house dust and is strongly associated with the development of asthma. Whether PTRF via IL-33 and ZBP1 mediates HDM-induced macrophage necroptosis and airway inflammation remains unclear. Here, we found that deficiency of PTRF could reduce lung IL-33, ZBP1, phosphor-receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (p-RIPK3), and phosphor-mixed lineage kinase domain-like (p-MLKL) (necroptosis executioner), and airway inflammation in an HDM-induced asthma mouse model. In HDM-treated macrophages, ZBP1, p-RIPK3, and p-MLKL levels were markedly increased, and these changes were reversed by deletion of Cavin-1. Deletion of Il33 also reduced expression of ZBP1, p-RIPK3, and p-MLKL in HDM-challenged lungs. Moreover, IL-33 synergizing with HDM boosted expression of ZBP1, p-RIPK3, and p-MLKL in macrophages. In bronchial epithelial cells rather than macrophages and vascular endothelial cells, PTRF positively regulates IL-33 expression. Therefore, we conclude that PTRF mediates HDM-induced macrophage ZBP1/necroptosis and airway inflammation, and this effect could be boosted by bronchial epithelial cell-derived IL-33. Our findings suggest that PTRF-IL33-ZBP1 signaling pathway might be a promising target for dampening airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Gelei Lan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingmeng Ni
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Liao
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qijian Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Muthumalage T, Rahman I. Pulmonary immune response regulation, genotoxicity, and metabolic reprogramming by menthol- and tobacco-flavored e-cigarette exposures in mice. Toxicol Sci 2023; 193:146-165. [PMID: 37052522 PMCID: PMC10230290 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Menthol and tobacco flavors are available for almost all tobacco products, including electronic cigarettes (e-cigs). These flavors are a mixture of chemicals with overlapping constituents. There are no comparative toxicity studies of these flavors produced by different manufacturers. We hypothesized that acute exposure to menthol and tobacco-flavored e-cig aerosols induces inflammatory, genotoxicity, and metabolic responses in mouse lungs. We compared two brands, A and B, of e-cig flavors (PG/VG, menthol, and tobacco) with and without nicotine for their inflammatory response, genotoxic markers, and altered genes and proteins in the context of metabolism by exposing mouse strains, C57BL/6J (Th1-mediated) and BALB/cJ (Th2-mediated). Brand A nicotine-free menthol exposure caused increased neutrophils and differential T-lymphocyte influx in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and induced significant immunosuppression, while brand A tobacco with nicotine elicited an allergic inflammatory response with increased Eotaxin, IL-6, and RANTES levels. Brand B elicited a similar inflammatory response in menthol flavor exposure. Upon e-cig exposure, genotoxicity markers significantly increased in lung tissue. These inflammatory and genotoxicity responses were associated with altered NLRP3 inflammasome and TRPA1 induction by menthol flavor. Nicotine decreased surfactant protein D and increased PAI-1 by menthol and tobacco flavors, respectively. Integration of inflammatory and metabolic pathway gene expression analysis showed immunometabolic regulation in T cells via PI3K/Akt/p70S6k-mTOR axis associated with suppressed immunity/allergic immune response. Overall, this study showed the comparative toxicity of flavored e-cig aerosols, unraveling potential signaling pathways of nicotine and flavor-mediated pulmonary toxicological responses, and emphasized the need for standardized toxicity testing for appropriate premarket authorization of e-cigarette products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thivanka Muthumalage
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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15
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Kuczynski EA, Carnevalli L, Sinclair C. Longitudinal tracking of T cell lymphomas in mice using flow cytometry. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102144. [PMID: 36905629 PMCID: PMC10024047 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell hematological cancer has a complex interplay with host immune cells, but the ability to experimentally discriminate transferred cancer cells from host cells by flow cytometry is technically challenging. Here, we present a flow cytometry protocol to evaluate cancer cell and host immune phenotypes following transplant of a T cell lymphoma bearing a congenic marker (CD45.2) into a syngeneic host (CD45.1). We describe steps for isolation of primary immune cells from mice, staining preparation with flow cytometry antibody cocktails, and analysis by flow cytometry. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kuczynski et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charles Sinclair
- Flagship Pioneering, Suite 500E, 55 Cambridge Parkway, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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16
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Yin Q, Luo W, Mallajosyula V, Bo Y, Guo J, Xie J, Sun M, Verma R, Li C, Constantz CM, Wagar LE, Li J, Sola E, Gupta N, Wang C, Kask O, Chen X, Yuan X, Wu NC, Rao J, Chien YH, Cheng J, Pulendran B, Davis MM. A TLR7-nanoparticle adjuvant promotes a broad immune response against heterologous strains of influenza and SARS-CoV-2. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:380-390. [PMID: 36717665 PMCID: PMC9981462 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The ideal vaccine against viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2 must provide a robust, durable and broad immune protection against multiple viral variants. However, antibody responses to current vaccines often lack robust cross-reactivity. Here we describe a polymeric Toll-like receptor 7 agonist nanoparticle (TLR7-NP) adjuvant, which enhances lymph node targeting, and leads to persistent activation of immune cells and broad immune responses. When mixed with alum-adsorbed antigens, this TLR7-NP adjuvant elicits cross-reactive antibodies for both dominant and subdominant epitopes and antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in mice. This TLR7-NP-adjuvanted influenza subunit vaccine successfully protects mice against viral challenge of a different strain. This strategy also enhances the antibody response to a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine against multiple viral variants that have emerged. Moreover, this TLR7-NP augments antigen-specific responses in human tonsil organoids. Overall, we describe a nanoparticle adjuvant to improve immune responses to viral antigens, with promising implications for developing broadly protective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yin
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wei Luo
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vamsee Mallajosyula
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yang Bo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jinghang Xie
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Meng Sun
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rohit Verma
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chunfeng Li
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christian M Constantz
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lisa E Wagar
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elsa Sola
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Neha Gupta
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Kask
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xue Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nicholas C Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yueh-Hsiu Chien
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Mark M Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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17
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Gardinassi LG, Servian CDP, Lima GDS, dos Anjos DCC, Gomes Junior AR, Guilarde AO, Borges MASB, dos Santos GF, Moraes BGN, Silva JMM, Masson LC, de Souza FP, da Silva RR, de Araújo GL, Rodrigues MF, da Silva LC, Meira S, Fiaccadori FS, Souza M, Romão PRT, Spadafora Ferreira M, Coelho V, Chaves AR, Simas RC, Vaz BG, Fonseca SG. Integrated Metabolic and Inflammatory Signatures Associated with Severity of, Fatality of, and Recovery from COVID-19. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0219422. [PMID: 36852984 PMCID: PMC10100880 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02194-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and mortality have been associated with physiological alterations that provide insights into the pathogenesis of the disease. Moreover, factors that drive recovery from COVID-19 can be explored to identify correlates of protection. The cellular metabolism represents a potential target to improve survival upon severe disease, but the associations between the metabolism and the inflammatory response during COVID-19 are not well defined. We analyzed blood laboratorial parameters, cytokines, and metabolomes of 150 individuals with mild to severe disease, of which 33 progressed to a fatal outcome. A subset of 20 individuals was followed up after hospital discharge and recovery from acute disease. We used hierarchical community networks to integrate metabolomics profiles with cytokines and markers of inflammation, coagulation, and tissue damage. Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) promotes significant alterations in the plasma metabolome, whose activity varies according to disease severity and correlates with oxygen saturation. Differential metabolism underlying death was marked by amino acids and related metabolites, such as glutamate, glutamyl-glutamate, and oxoproline, and lipids, including progesterone, phosphocholine, and lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs). Individuals who recovered from severe disease displayed persistent alterations enriched for metabolism of purines and phosphatidylinositol phosphate and glycolysis. Recovery of mild disease was associated with vitamin E metabolism. Data integration shows that the metabolic response is a hub connecting other biological features during disease and recovery. Infection by SARS-CoV-2 induces concerted activity of metabolic and inflammatory responses that depend on disease severity and collectively predict clinical outcomes of COVID-19. IMPORTANCE COVID-19 is characterized by diverse clinical outcomes that include asymptomatic to mild manifestations or severe disease and death. Infection by SARS-CoV-2 activates inflammatory and metabolic responses that drive protection or pathology. How inflammation and metabolism communicate during COVID-19 is not well defined. We used high-resolution mass spectrometry to investigate small biochemical compounds (<1,500 Da) in plasma of individuals with COVID-19 and controls. Age, sex, and comorbidities have a profound effect on the plasma metabolites of individuals with COVID-19, but we identified significant activity of pathways and metabolites related to amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, and vitamins determined by disease severity, survival outcome, and recovery. Furthermore, we identified metabolites associated with acute-phase proteins and coagulation factors, which collectively identify individuals with severe disease or individuals who died of severe COVID-19. Our study suggests that manipulating specific metabolic pathways can be explored to prevent hyperinflammation, organ dysfunction, and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gustavo Gardinassi
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Carolina do Prado Servian
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Gesiane da Silva Lima
- Laboratório de Cromatografia e Espectrometria de Massas, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Déborah Carolina Carvalho dos Anjos
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Antonio Roberto Gomes Junior
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Adriana Oliveira Guilarde
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical e Dermatologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Moara Alves Santa Bárbara Borges
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical e Dermatologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Franco dos Santos
- Laboratório de Cromatografia e Espectrometria de Massas, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - João Marcos Maia Silva
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Letícia Carrijo Masson
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Flávia Pereira de Souza
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Rodrigues da Silva
- Laboratório de Cromatografia e Espectrometria de Massas, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Lopes de Araújo
- Laboratório de Cromatografia e Espectrometria de Massas, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marcella Ferreira Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Cromatografia e Espectrometria de Massas, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lidya Cardozo da Silva
- Laboratório de Cromatografia e Espectrometria de Massas, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Sueli Meira
- Laboratório Prof Margarida Dobler Komma, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Souza Fiaccadori
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Menira Souza
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Verônica Coelho
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Histocompatibilidade e Imunidade Celular, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréa Rodrigues Chaves
- Laboratório de Cromatografia e Espectrometria de Massas, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rosineide Costa Simas
- Laboratório de Cromatografia e Espectrometria de Massas, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Laboratório de Cromatografia e Espectrometria de Massas, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Simone Gonçalves Fonseca
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Zhang Z, Li Y, Chen N, Li H, Chen S, Cui X, Shao H, Wei L, Ma J, Zhang S, Li X, Zhang X. Pertussis toxin-induced inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in dendritic cells promotes an autoimmune response in experimental autoimmune uveitis. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:24. [PMID: 36739434 PMCID: PMC9898909 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous reports have indicated that disrupting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in dendritic cells (DCs) may affect the progression of autoimmune inflammation; however, the factors and timing that regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling have not been clearly understood. METHODS Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) mice and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) patient samples were used to detect the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes. Western blot, real-time PCR, flow cytometry, and ELISA were performed to examine the expression of components of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and inflammatory factors. DC-specific β-catenin knockout mice and 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO) administered mice were used to observe the effect of disrupting the Wnt pathway on EAU pathogenesis. RESULTS Wnt/β-catenin signaling was inhibited in DCs during the induction phase of EAU. The inhibition was mediated by pertussis toxin (PTX), which promoted DC maturation, in turn promoting pathogenic T cell proliferation and differentiation. In vivo experiments confirmed that deleting β-catenin in DCs enhanced EAU severity, and pre-injection of PTX advanced EAU onset. Administration of a Wnt activator (BIO) limited the effects of PTX, in turn ameliorating EAU. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that PTX plays a key role as a virulence factor in initiating autoimmune inflammation via DCs by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling in EAU, and highlight the potential mechanism by which infection can trigger apparent autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhang
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nu Chen
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Li
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuexue Cui
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Shao
- grid.266623.50000 0001 2113 1622Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Lai Wei
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxing Ma
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Song Zhang
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Institute for Immunology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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19
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Adamska JZ, Verma R, Gupta S, Hagan T, Wimmers F, Floyd K, Li Q, Valore EV, Wang Y, Trisal M, Vilches-Moure JG, Subramaniam S, Walkley CR, Suthar MS, Li JB, Pulendran B. Ablation of Adar1 in myeloid cells imprints a global antiviral state in the lung and heightens early immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112038. [PMID: 36732946 PMCID: PMC9842623 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Under normal homeostatic conditions, self-double-stranded RNA (self-dsRNA) is modified by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) to prevent the induction of a type I interferon-mediated inflammatory cascade. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as dsRNA, to activate the immune response. The impact of ADAR1 on the function of APCs and the consequences to immunity are poorly understood. Here, we show that ADAR1 deletion in CD11c+ APCs leads to (1) a skewed myeloid cell compartment enriched in inflammatory cDC2-like cells, (2) enhanced numbers of activated tissue resident memory T cells in the lung, and (3) the imprinting of a broad antiviral transcriptional signature across both immune and non-immune cells. The resulting changes can be partially reversed by blocking IFNAR1 signaling and promote early resistance against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Our study provides insight into the consequences of self-dsRNA sensing in APCs on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Z Adamska
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rohit Verma
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Shakti Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thomas Hagan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Florian Wimmers
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Katharine Floyd
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Center, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erika V Valore
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Yanli Wang
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Meera Trisal
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - José G Vilches-Moure
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carl R Walkley
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Center, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jin Billy Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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20
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Hussain SRA, Grayson MH. Chronic allergy signaling: is it all stressed-out mitochondria? Fac Rev 2022; 11:37. [PMID: 36644297 PMCID: PMC9816874 DOI: 10.12703/r/11-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases in general, and chronic allergic inflammation in particular, are on the rise in the United States and other developed countries. The idea of chronic allergic disease as a chronic type 2 immune response has been around for several decades. However, data suggest that other mechanisms may be important in chronic disease. Therefore, we believe it is time for a paradigm shift in understanding the mechanistic causes of disease symptoms in these diseases. In this review, we have avoided the classic canonical pathways and focused on the emerging idea that oxidative stress, changes in immuno-metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epigenetic changes (particularly microRNA profile) may be working concurrently or synergistically to potentiate allergic disease symptoms. Furthermore, we have addressed how the epidemic of obesity exacerbates allergic disease via the dysregulation of the aforementioned factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed-Rehan A Hussain
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital - The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- mailto:
| | - Mitchell H Grayson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital - The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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21
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Ding T, Ge S. Metabolic regulation of type 2 immune response during tissue repair and regeneration. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1013-1023. [PMID: 35603496 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0422-665r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 immune responses are mediated by the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 and associated cell types, including T helper (Th)2 cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), basophils, mast cells, eosinophils, and IL-4- and IL-13-activated macrophages. It can suppress type 1-driven autoimmune diseases, promote antihelminth immunity, maintain cellular metabolic homeostasis, and modulate tissue repair pathways following injury. However, when type 2 immune responses become dysregulated, they can be a significant pathogenesis of many allergic and fibrotic diseases. As such, there is an intense interest in studying the pathways that modulate type 2 immune response so as to identify strategies of targeting and controlling these responses for tissue healing. Herein, we review recent literature on the metabolic regulation of immune cells initiating type 2 immunity and immune cells involved in the effector phase, and talk about how metabolic regulation of immune cell subsets contribute to tissue repair. At last, we discuss whether these findings can provide a novel prospect for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Ding
- Department of Periodontology & Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Department of Periodontology & Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
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22
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Pagán AJ, Lee LJ, Edwards-Hicks J, Moens CB, Tobin DM, Busch-Nentwich EM, Pearce EL, Ramakrishnan L. mTOR-regulated mitochondrial metabolism limits mycobacterium-induced cytotoxicity. Cell 2022; 185:3720-3738.e13. [PMID: 36103894 PMCID: PMC9596383 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Necrosis of macrophages in the granuloma, the hallmark immunological structure of tuberculosis, is a major pathogenic event that increases host susceptibility. Through a zebrafish forward genetic screen, we identified the mTOR kinase, a master regulator of metabolism, as an early host resistance factor in tuberculosis. We found that mTOR complex 1 protects macrophages from mycobacterium-induced death by enabling infection-induced increases in mitochondrial energy metabolism fueled by glycolysis. These metabolic adaptations are required to prevent mitochondrial damage and death caused by the secreted mycobacterial virulence determinant ESAT-6. Thus, the host can effectively counter this early critical mycobacterial virulence mechanism simply by regulating energy metabolism, thereby allowing pathogen-specific immune mechanisms time to develop. Our findings may explain why Mycobacterium tuberculosis, albeit humanity's most lethal pathogen, is successful in only a minority of infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Pagán
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK,Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Lauren J. Lee
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Joy Edwards-Hicks
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Cecilia B. Moens
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David M. Tobin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elisabeth M. Busch-Nentwich
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Erika L. Pearce
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Lalita Ramakrishnan
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK,Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA,Corresponding author
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23
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Aguilar-Cazares D, Chavez-Dominguez R, Marroquin-Muciño M, Perez-Medina M, Benito-Lopez JJ, Camarena A, Rumbo-Nava U, Lopez-Gonzalez JS. The systemic-level repercussions of cancer-associated inflammation mediators produced in the tumor microenvironment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:929572. [PMID: 36072935 PMCID: PMC9441602 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.929572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a dynamic, complex, and redundant network of interactions between tumor, immune, and stromal cells. In this intricate environment, cells communicate through membrane-membrane, ligand-receptor, exosome, soluble factors, and transporter interactions that govern cell fate. These interactions activate the diverse and superfluous signaling pathways involved in tumor promotion and progression and induce subtle changes in the functional activity of infiltrating immune cells. The immune response participates as a selective pressure in tumor development. In the early stages of tumor development, the immune response exerts anti-tumor activity, whereas during the advanced stages, the tumor establishes mechanisms to evade the immune response, eliciting a chronic inflammation process that shows a pro-tumor effect. The deregulated inflammatory state, in addition to acting locally, also triggers systemic inflammation that has repercussions in various organs and tissues that are distant from the tumor site, causing the emergence of various symptoms designated as paraneoplastic syndromes, which compromise the response to treatment, quality of life, and survival of cancer patients. Considering the tumor-host relationship as an integral and dynamic biological system, the chronic inflammation generated by the tumor is a communication mechanism among tissues and organs that is primarily orchestrated through different signals, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and exosomes, to provide the tumor with energetic components that allow it to continue proliferating. In this review, we aim to provide a succinct overview of the involvement of cancer-related inflammation at the local and systemic level throughout tumor development and the emergence of some paraneoplastic syndromes and their main clinical manifestations. In addition, the involvement of these signals throughout tumor development will be discussed based on the physiological/biological activities of innate and adaptive immune cells. These cellular interactions require a metabolic reprogramming program for the full activation of the various cells; thus, these requirements and the by-products released into the microenvironment will be considered. In addition, the systemic impact of cancer-related proinflammatory cytokines on the liver-as a critical organ that produces the leading inflammatory markers described to date-will be summarized. Finally, the contribution of cancer-related inflammation to the development of two paraneoplastic syndromes, myelopoiesis and cachexia, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Aguilar-Cazares
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Chavez-Dominguez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Marroquin-Muciño
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Quimioterapia Experimental, Departamento de Bioquimica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Perez-Medina
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Quimioterapia Experimental, Departamento de Bioquimica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesus J. Benito-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angel Camarena
- Laboratorio de Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Uriel Rumbo-Nava
- Clinica de Neumo-Oncologia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose S. Lopez-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
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24
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Pelgrom LR, Patente TA, Otto F, Nouwen LV, Ozir-Fazalalikhan A, van der Ham AJ, van der Zande HJP, Heieis GA, Arens R, Everts B. mTORC1 signaling in antigen-presenting cells of the skin restrains CD8 + T cell priming. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111032. [PMID: 35793635 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
How mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a key regulator of cellular metabolism, affects dendritic cell (DC) metabolism and T cell-priming capacity has primarily been investigated in vitro, but how mTORC1 regulates this in vivo remains poorly defined. Here, using mice deficient for mTORC1 component raptor in DCs, we find that loss of mTORC1 negatively affects glycolytic and fatty acid metabolism and maturation of conventional DCs, particularly cDC1s. Nonetheless, antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses to infection are not compromised and are even enhanced following skin immunization. This is associated with increased activation of Langerhans cells and a subpopulation of EpCAM-expressing cDC1s, of which the latter show an increased physical interaction with CD8+ T cells in situ. Together, this work reveals that mTORC1 limits CD8+ T cell priming in vivo by differentially orchestrating the metabolism and immunogenicity of distinct antigen-presenting cell subsets, which may have implications for clinical use of mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard R Pelgrom
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thiago A Patente
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Otto
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lonneke V Nouwen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Alwin J van der Ham
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Graham A Heieis
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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25
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Li F, Piattini F, Pohlmeier L, Feng Q, Rehrauer H, Kopf M. Monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages autonomously determine severe outcome of respiratory viral infection. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabj5761. [PMID: 35776802 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abj5761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Various lung insults can result in replacement of resident alveolar macrophages (AM) by bone marrow monocyte-derived (BMo)-AM. However, the dynamics of this process and its long-term consequences for respiratory viral infections remain unclear. Using several mouse models and a marker to unambiguously track fetal monocyte-derived (FeMo)-AM and BMo-AM, we established the kinetics and extent of replenishment and their function to recurrent influenza A virus (IAV) infection. A massive loss of FeMo-AM resulted in rapid replenishment by self-renewal of survivors, followed by the generation of BMo-AM. BMo-AM progressively outcompeted FeMo-AM over several months, and this was due to their increased glycolytic and proliferative capacity. The presence of both naïve and experienced BMo-AM conferred severe pathology to IAV infection, which was associated with a proinflammatory phenotype. Furthermore, upon aging of naïve mice, FeMo-AM were gradually replaced by BMo-AM, which contributed to IAV disease severity in a cell-autonomous manner. Together, our results suggest that the origin rather than training of AM determines long-term function to respiratory viral infection and provide an explanation for the increased severity of infection seen in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Li
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Federica Piattini
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lea Pohlmeier
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Qian Feng
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Rehrauer
- Functional Genomics Center, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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26
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Dendritic cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: From pathogenesis to therapeutic applications. J Autoimmun 2022; 132:102856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Goretzki A, Zimmermann J, Lin YJ, Schülke S. Immune Metabolism–An Opportunity to Better Understand Allergic Pathology and Improve Treatment of Allergic Diseases? FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:825931. [PMID: 35386646 PMCID: PMC8974690 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.825931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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28
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Wculek SK, Dunphy G, Heras-Murillo I, Mastrangelo A, Sancho D. Metabolism of tissue macrophages in homeostasis and pathology. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:384-408. [PMID: 34876704 PMCID: PMC8891297 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism orchestrates the intricate use of tissue fuels for catabolism and anabolism to generate cellular energy and structural components. The emerging field of immunometabolism highlights the importance of cellular metabolism for the maintenance and activities of immune cells. Macrophages are embryo- or adult bone marrow-derived leukocytes that are key for healthy tissue homeostasis but can also contribute to pathologies such as metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, fibrosis or cancer. Macrophage metabolism has largely been studied in vitro. However, different organs contain diverse macrophage populations that specialize in distinct and often tissue-specific functions. This context specificity creates diverging metabolic challenges for tissue macrophage populations to fulfill their homeostatic roles in their particular microenvironment and conditions their response in pathological conditions. Here, we outline current knowledge on the metabolic requirements and adaptations of macrophages located in tissues during homeostasis and selected diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie K Wculek
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - Gillian Dunphy
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Ignacio Heras-Murillo
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Annalaura Mastrangelo
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
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29
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Thomas ST, Wierenga KA, Pestka JJ, Olive AJ. Fetal Liver-Derived Alveolar-like Macrophages: A Self-Replicating Ex Vivo Model of Alveolar Macrophages for Functional Genetic Studies. Immunohorizons 2022; 6:156-169. [PMID: 35193942 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are tissue-resident cells in the lungs derived from the fetal liver that maintain lung homeostasis and respond to inhaled stimuli. Although the importance of AMs is undisputed, they remain refractory to standard experimental approaches and high-throughput functional genetics, as they are challenging to isolate and rapidly lose AM properties in standard culture. This limitation hinders our understanding of key regulatory mechanisms that control AM maintenance and function. In this study, we describe the development of a new model, fetal liver-derived alveolar-like macrophages (FLAMs), which maintains cellular morphologies, expression profiles, and functional mechanisms similar to murine AMs. FLAMs combine treatment with two key cytokines for AM maintenance, GM-CSF and TGF-β. We leveraged the long-term stability of FLAMs to develop functional genetic tools using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing. Targeted editing confirmed the role of AM-specific gene Marco and the IL-1 receptor Il1r1 in modulating the AM response to crystalline silica. Furthermore, a genome-wide knockout library using FLAMs identified novel genes required for surface expression of the AM marker Siglec-F, most notably those related to the peroxisome. Taken together, our results suggest that FLAMs are a stable, self-replicating model of AM function that enables previously impossible global genetic approaches to define the underlying mechanisms of AM maintenance and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI
| | - Kathryn A Wierenga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - James J Pestka
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; and.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Andrew J Olive
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI;
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30
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Jaiswal AK, Yadav J, Makhija S, Mazumder S, Mitra AK, Suryawanshi A, Sandey M, Mishra A. Irg1/itaconate metabolic pathway is a crucial determinant of dendritic cells immune-priming function and contributes to resolute allergen-induced airway inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:301-313. [PMID: 34671116 PMCID: PMC8866123 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Itaconate is produced from the mitochondrial TCA cycle enzyme aconitase decarboxylase (encoded by immune responsive gene1; Irg1) that exerts immunomodulatory function in myeloid cells. However, the role of the Irg1/itaconate pathway in dendritic cells (DC)-mediated airway inflammation and adaptive immunity to inhaled allergens, which are the primary antigen-presenting cells in allergic asthma, remains largely unknown. House dust mite (HDM)-challenged Irg1-/- mice displayed increases in eosinophilic airway inflammation, mucous cell metaplasia, and Th2 cytokine production with a mechanism involving impaired mite antigen presentations by DC. Adoptive transfer of HDM-pulsed DC from Irg1-deficient mice into naïve WT mice induced a similar phenotype of elevated type 2 airway inflammation and allergic sensitization. Untargeted metabolite analysis of HDM-pulsed DC revealed itaconate as one of the most abundant polar metabolites that potentially suppress mitochondrial oxidative damage. Furthermore, the immunomodulatory effect of itaconate was translated in vivo, where intranasal administration of 4-octyl itaconate 4-OI following antigen priming attenuated the manifestations of HDM-induced airway disease and Th2 immune response. Taken together, these data demonstrated for the first time a direct regulatory role of the Irg1/itaconate pathway in DC for the development of type 2 airway inflammation and suggest a possible therapeutic target in modulating allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Jaiswal
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753From the Laboratory of Lung Inflammation, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA ,grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Jyoti Yadav
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753From the Laboratory of Lung Inflammation, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA ,grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Sangeet Makhija
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753From the Laboratory of Lung Inflammation, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA ,grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Suman Mazumder
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA ,grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Center for Pharmacogenomics and Single-Cell Omics, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Amit Kumar Mitra
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA ,grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Center for Pharmacogenomics and Single-Cell Omics, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Amol Suryawanshi
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Maninder Sandey
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Amarjit Mishra
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753From the Laboratory of Lung Inflammation, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA ,grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
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31
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Tandon P, Abrams ND, Carrick DM, Chander P, Dwyer J, Fuldner R, Gannot G, Laughlin M, McKie G, PrabhuDas M, Singh A, Tsai SYA, Vedamony MM, Wang C, Liu CH. Metabolic Regulation of Inflammation and Its Resolution: Current Status, Clinical Needs, Challenges, and Opportunities. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:2625-2630. [PMID: 34810268 PMCID: PMC9996538 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism and inflammation have been viewed as two separate processes with distinct but critical functions for our survival: metabolism regulates the utilization of nutrients, and inflammation is responsible for defense and repair. Both respond to an organism's stressors to restore homeostasis. The interplay between metabolic status and immune response (immunometabolism) plays an important role in maintaining health or promoting disease development. Understanding these interactions is critical in developing tools for facilitating novel preventative and therapeutic approaches for diseases, including cancer. This trans-National Institutes of Health workshop brought together basic scientists, technology developers, and clinicians to discuss state-of-the-art, innovative approaches, challenges, and opportunities to understand and harness immunometabolism in modulating inflammation and its resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Tandon
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD;
| | - Natalie D Abrams
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Preethi Chander
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Johanna Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rebecca Fuldner
- National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gallya Gannot
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Maren Laughlin
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - George McKie
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mercy PrabhuDas
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Anju Singh
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Shang-Yi Anne Tsai
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Merriline M Vedamony
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD; and
| | - Chiayeng Wang
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Christina H Liu
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Surfactant protein A enhances the degradation of LPS-induced TLR4 in primary alveolar macrophages involving Rab7, β-arrestin2, and mTORC1. Infect Immun 2021; 90:e0025021. [PMID: 34780278 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00250-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections by Gram-negative bacteria are a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) play a central role in maintaining lung immune homeostasis and host defense by sensing pathogens via pattern recognition receptors (PRR). The PRR Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 is a key sensor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria. Pulmonary surfactant is the natural microenvironment of AMs. Surfactant protein A (SP-A), a multifunctional host defense collectin, controls LPS-induced pro-inflammatory immune responses at the organismal and cellular level via distinct mechanisms. We found that SP-A post-transcriptionally restricts LPS-induced TLR4 protein expression in primary AMs from healthy humans, rats, wild-type and SP-A-/- mice by further decreasing cycloheximide-reduced TLR4 protein translation and enhances the co-localization of TLR4 with the late endosome/lysosome. Both effects as well as the SP-A-mediated inhibition of LPS-induced TNFα release are counteracted by pharmacological inhibition of the small GTPase Rab7. SP-A-enhanced Rab7 expression requires β-arrestin2 and, in β-arrestin2-/- AMs and after intratracheal LPS challenge of β-arrestin2-/- mice, SP-A fails to enhance TLR4/lysosome co-localization and degradation of LPS-induced TLR4. In SP-A-/- mice, TLR4 levels are increased after pulmonary LPS challenge. SP-A-induced activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) kinase requires β-arrestin2 and is critically involved in degradation of LPS-induced TLR4. The data suggest that SP-A post-translationally limits LPS-induced TLR4 expression in primary AMs by lysosomal degradation comprising Rab7, β-arrestin2, and mTORC1. This study may indicate a potential role of SP-A-based therapeutic interventions in unrestricted TLR4-driven immune responses to lower respiratory tract infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria.
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Sceneay J, Sinclair C. The future of immune checkpoint combinations with tumor-targeted small molecule drugs. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:675-680. [PMID: 34196724 PMCID: PMC8726049 DOI: 10.1042/etls20210064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) has transformed the landscape of cancer treatment. However, there is much to understand around refractory or acquired resistance in patients in order to utilize ICB therapy to its full potential. In this perspective article, we discuss the opportunities and challenges that are emerging as our understanding of immuno-oncology resistance matures. Firstly, there has been remarkable progress made to understand the exquisite overlap between oncogenic and immune signaling pathways. Several cancer-signaling pathways are constitutively active in oncogenic settings and also play physiological roles in immune cell function. A growing number of precision oncology tumor-targeted drugs show remarkable immunogenic properties that might be harnessed with rational combination strategies. Secondly, we now understand that the immune system confers a strong selective pressure on tumors. Whilst this pressure can lead to novel tumor evolution and immune escape, there is a growing recognition of tumor-intrinsic dependencies that arise in immune pressured environments. Such dependencies provide a roadmap for novel tumor-intrinsic drug targets to alleviate ICB resistance. We anticipate that rational combinations with existing oncology drugs and a next wave of tumor-intrinsic drugs that specifically target immunological resistance will represent the next frontier of therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Sceneay
- Mechanisms of Cancer Resistance Thematic Research Center, Bristol Myers Squibb, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, U.S.A
| | - Charles Sinclair
- Mechanisms of Cancer Resistance Thematic Research Center, Bristol Myers Squibb, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, U.S.A
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Goretzki A, Lin Y, Schülke S. Immune metabolism in allergies, does it matter?-A review of immune metabolic basics and adaptations associated with the activation of innate immune cells in allergy. Allergy 2021; 76:3314-3331. [PMID: 33811351 DOI: 10.1111/all.14843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type I allergies are pathological, type 2 inflammatory immune responses against otherwise harmless environmental allergens that arise from complex interactions between different types of immune cells. Activated immune cells undergo extensive changes in phenotype and function to fulfill their effector functions. Hereby, activation, differentiation, proliferation, migration, and mounting of effector responses require metabolic reprogramming. While the metabolic changes associated with activation of dendritic cells, macrophages, and T cells are extensively studied, data about the metabolic phenotypes of the other cell types critically involved in allergic responses (epithelial cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and ILC2s) are rather limited. This review briefly covers the basics of cellular energy metabolism and its connection to immune cell function. In addition, it summarizes the current state of knowledge in terms of dendritic cell and macrophage metabolism and subsequently focuses on the metabolic changes associated with activation of epithelial cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, as well as ILC2s in allergy. Interestingly, the innate key cell types in allergic inflammation were reported to change their metabolic phenotype during activation, shifting to either glycolysis (epithelial cells, M1 macrophages, DCs, eosinophils, basophils, acutely activated mast cells), oxidative phosphorylation (M2 macrophages, longer term activated mast cells), or fatty acid oxidation (ILC2s). Therefore, immune metabolism is of relevance in allergic diseases and its connection to immune cell effector function needs to be considered to better understand induction and maintenance of allergic responses. Further progress in this field will likely improve both our understanding of disease pathology and enable new treatment targets/strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yen‐Ju Lin
- Molecular Allergology Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Langen Germany
| | - Stefan Schülke
- Molecular Allergology Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Langen Germany
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Geier C, Perl A. Therapeutic mTOR blockade in systemic autoimmunity: Implications for antiviral immunity and extension of lifespan. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102984. [PMID: 34718162 PMCID: PMC8550885 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway integrates metabolic cues into cell fate decisions. A particularly fateful event during the adaptive immune response is the engagement of a T cell receptor by its cognate antigen presented by an antigen-presenting cell (APC). Here, the induction of adequate T cell activation and lineage specification is critical to mount protective immunity; at the same time, inadequate activation, which could lead to autoimmunity, must be avoided. mTOR forms highly conserved protein complexes 1 and 2 that shape lineage specification by integrating signals originating from TCR engagement, co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory receptors and cytokines and availability of nutrients. If one considers autoimmunity as the result of aberrant lineage specification in response to such signals, the importance of this pathway becomes evident; this provides the conceptual basis for mTOR inhibition in the treatment of systemic autoimmunity, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Clinical trials in SLE patients have provided preliminary evidence that mTOR blockade by sirolimus (rapamycin) can reverse pro-inflammatory lineage skewing, including the expansion of Th17 and double-negative T cells and plasma cells and the contraction of regulatory T cells. Moreover, sirolimus has shown promising efficacy in the treatment of refractory idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease, newly characterized by systemic autoimmunity due to mTOR overactivation. Alternatively, mTOR blockade enhances responsiveness to vaccination and reduces infections by influenza virus in healthy elderly subjects. Such seemingly contradictory findings highlight the importance to further evaluate the clinical effects of mTOR manipulation, including its potential role in treatment of COVID-19 infection. mTOR blockade may extend healthy lifespan by abrogating inflammation induced by viral infections and autoimmunity. This review provides a mechanistic assessment of mTOR pathway activation in lineage specification within the adaptive and innate immune systems and its role in health and autoimmunity. We then discuss some of the recent experimental and clinical discoveries implicating mTOR in viral pathogensis and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Geier
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Andras Perl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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Khan A, Sayedahmed EE, Singh VK, Mishra A, Dorta-Estremera S, Nookala S, Canaday DH, Chen M, Wang J, Sastry KJ, Mittal SK, Jagannath C. A recombinant bovine adenoviral mucosal vaccine expressing mycobacterial antigen-85B generates robust protection against tuberculosis in mice. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100372. [PMID: 34467249 PMCID: PMC8385328 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the BCG vaccine offers partial protection, tuberculosis remains a leading cause of infectious disease death, killing ∼1.5 million people annually. We developed mucosal vaccines expressing the autophagy-inducing peptide C5 and mycobacterial Ag85B-p25 epitope using replication-defective human adenovirus (HAdv85C5) and bovine adenovirus (BAdv85C5) vectors. BAdv85C5-infected dendritic cells (DCs) expressed a robust transcriptome of genes regulating antigen processing compared to HAdv85C5-infected DCs. BAdv85C5-infected DCs showed enhanced galectin-3/8 and autophagy-dependent in vitro Ag85B-p25 epitope presentation to CD4 T cells. BCG-vaccinated mice were intranasally boosted using HAdv85C5 or BAdv85C5 followed by infection using aerosolized Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). BAdv85C5 protected mice against tuberculosis both as a booster after BCG vaccine (>1.4-log10 reduction in Mtb lung burden) and as a single intranasal dose (>0.5-log10 reduction). Protection was associated with robust CD4 and CD8 effector (TEM), central memory (TCM), and CD103+/CD69+ lung-resident memory (TRM) T cell expansion, revealing BAdv85C5 as a promising mucosal vaccine for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Khan
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute & Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ekramy E. Sayedahmed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Vipul K. Singh
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute & Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute & Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Sita Nookala
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David H. Canaday
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and Cleveland Veterans Affairs, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, and Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K. Jagannadha Sastry
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suresh K. Mittal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute & Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
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Mardanshahi A, Gharibkandi NA, Vaseghi S, Abedi SM, Molavipordanjani S. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway inhibitors enhance radiosensitivity in cancer cell lines. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1-14. [PMID: 34357550 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiotherapy is one of the most common types of cancer treatment modalities. Radiation can affect both cancer and normal tissues, which limits the whole delivered dose. It is well documented that radiation activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT signaling pathway; hence, the inhibition of this pathway enhances the radiosensitivity of tumor cells. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a regulator that is involved in autophagy, cell growth, proliferation, and survival. CONCLUSION The inhibition of mTOR as a downstream mediator of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway represents a vital option for more effective cancer treatments. The combination of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors with radiation can increase the radiosensitivity of malignant cells to radiation by autophagy activation. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the impact of such inhibitors on the cell response to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mardanshahi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nasrin Abbasi Gharibkandi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Samaneh Vaseghi
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Abedi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sajjad Molavipordanjani
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Rodriguez-Coira J, Villaseñor A, Izquierdo E, Huang M, Barker-Tejeda TC, Radzikowska U, Sokolowska M, Barber D. The Importance of Metabolism for Immune Homeostasis in Allergic Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:692004. [PMID: 34394086 PMCID: PMC8355700 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.692004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the metabolic status of T cells and macrophages is associated with severe phenotypes of chronic inflammation, including allergic inflammation. Metabolic changes in immune cells have a crucial role in their inflammatory or regulatory responses. This notion is reinforced by metabolic diseases influencing global energy metabolism, such as diabetes or obesity, which are known risk factors of severity in inflammatory conditions, due to the metabolic-associated inflammation present in these patients. Since several metabolic pathways are closely tied to T cell and macrophage differentiation, a better understanding of metabolic alterations in immune disorders could help to restore and modulate immune cell functions. This link between energy metabolism and inflammation can be studied employing animal, human or cellular models. Analytical approaches rank from classic immunological studies to integrated analysis of metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. This review summarizes the main metabolic pathways of the cells involved in the allergic reaction with a focus on T cells and macrophages and describes different models and platforms of analysis used to study the immune system and its relationship with metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rodriguez-Coira
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain.,Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Alma Villaseñor
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Izquierdo
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mengting Huang
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Tomás Clive Barker-Tejeda
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Urszula Radzikowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Domingo Barber
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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Woo YD, Jeong D, Chung DH. Development and Functions of Alveolar Macrophages. Mol Cells 2021; 44:292-300. [PMID: 33972474 PMCID: PMC8175155 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages residing in various tissue types are unique in terms of their anatomical locations, ontogenies, developmental pathways, gene expression patterns, and immunological functions. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) reside in the alveolar lumen of the lungs and serve as the first line of defense for the respiratory tract. The immunological functions of AMs are implicated in the pathogenesis of various pulmonary diseases such as allergic asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), viral infection, and bacterial infection. Thus, the molecular mechanisms driving the development and function of AMs have been extensively investigated. In this review article, we discuss the roles of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in AM development, and provide an overview of the anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory functions of AMs in various contexts. Notably, we examine the relationships between the metabolic status of AMs and their development processes and functions. We hope that this review will provide new information and insight into AM development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Duk Woo
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Dongjin Jeong
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Epithelial exosomal contactin-1 promotes monocyte-derived dendritic cell-dominant T-cell responses in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1545-1558. [PMID: 33957164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes have emerged as a vital player in cell-cell communication; however, whether airway epithelial cell (AEC)-generated exosomes participate in asthma development remains unknown. OBJECTIVE Our aims were to characterize the AEC-secreted exosomes and the potentially functional protein(s) that may contribute to the proinflammatory effects of AEC exosomes in the dendritic cell (DC)-dominant airway allergic models and to confirm their clinical significance in patients with asthma. METHODS Mice were treated with exosomes derived from house dust mite (HDM)-stimulated AECs (HDM-AEC-EXOs) or monocyte-derived DCs primed by HDM and/or contactin-1 (CNTN1). The numbers of DCs in the lung were determined by flow cytometry. Proteomic analysis of purified HDM-AEC-EXOs was performed. CNTN1 small interfering RNA was designed to probe its role in airway allergy, and γ-secretase inhibitor was used to determine involvement of the Notch pathway. RESULTS HDM-AEC-EXOs facilitate the recruitment, proliferation, migration, and activation of monocyte-derived DCs in cell culture and in mice. CNTN1 in exosomes is a critical player in asthma pathology. RNA interference-mediated silencing and pharmaceutical inhibitors characterize Notch2 receptor as necessary for relaying the CNTN1 signal to activate TH2 cell/TH17 cell immune response. Studies of patients with asthma also support existence of the CNTN1-Notch2 axis that has been observed in cell and mouse models. CONCLUSION This study's findings reveal a novel role for CNTN1 in asthma pathogenesis mediated through exosome secretion, indicating a potential strategy for the treatment of allergic airway inflammation.
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Abstract
Adjuvants are vaccine components that enhance the magnitude, breadth and durability of the immune response. Following its introduction in the 1920s, alum remained the only adjuvant licensed for human use for the next 70 years. Since the 1990s, a further five adjuvants have been included in licensed vaccines, but the molecular mechanisms by which these adjuvants work remain only partially understood. However, a revolution in our understanding of the activation of the innate immune system through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is improving the mechanistic understanding of adjuvants, and recent conceptual advances highlight the notion that tissue damage, different forms of cell death, and metabolic and nutrient sensors can all modulate the innate immune system to activate adaptive immunity. Furthermore, recent advances in the use of systems biology to probe the molecular networks driving immune response to vaccines ('systems vaccinology') are revealing mechanistic insights and providing a new paradigm for the vaccine discovery and development process. Here, we review the 'known knowns' and 'known unknowns' of adjuvants, discuss these emerging concepts and highlight how our expanding knowledge about innate immunity and systems vaccinology are revitalizing the science and development of novel adjuvants for use in vaccines against COVID-19 and future pandemics.
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Tan J, Ni D, Ribeiro RV, Pinget GV, Macia L. How Changes in the Nutritional Landscape Shape Gut Immunometabolism. Nutrients 2021; 13:823. [PMID: 33801480 PMCID: PMC7999246 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell survival, proliferation and function are energy-demanding processes, fuelled by different metabolic pathways. Immune cells like any other cells will adapt their energy production to their function with specific metabolic pathways characteristic of resting, inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cells. This concept of immunometabolism is revolutionising the field of immunology, opening the gates for novel therapeutic approaches aimed at altering immune responses through immune metabolic manipulations. The first part of this review will give an extensive overview on the metabolic pathways used by immune cells. Diet is a major source of energy, providing substrates to fuel these different metabolic pathways. Protein, lipid and carbohydrate composition as well as food additives can thus shape the immune response particularly in the gut, the first immune point of contact with food antigens and gastrointestinal tract pathogens. How diet composition might affect gut immunometabolism and its impact on diseases will also be discussed. Finally, the food ingested by the host is also a source of energy for the micro-organisms inhabiting the gut lumen particularly in the colon. The by-products released through the processing of specific nutrients by gut bacteria also influence immune cell activity and differentiation. How bacterial metabolites influence gut immunometabolism will be covered in the third part of this review. This notion of immunometabolism and immune function is recent and a deeper understanding of how lifestyle might influence gut immunometabolism is key to prevent or treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tan
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Duan Ni
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rosilene V. Ribeiro
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gabriela V. Pinget
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Wang L, Tian J, Liu S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Yi Y, Li C, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Han J, Pan C, Li G, Xian Z, Liang A. Shuxuening injection, derived from Ginkgo biloba leaf, induced pseudo-allergic reactions through hyperactivation of mTOR. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:581-589. [PMID: 32615844 PMCID: PMC8641670 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1784238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Context: Shuxuening injection (SXNI), derived from the leaf of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae), is widely used to treat cardio-cerebral vascular system related disease due to the efficacy of dilating the blood vessels and improving the function of microcirculation. Nevertheless, SXNI induces immediate hypersensitivity reactions in clinics and the molecular mechanisms are unknown.Objective: The present study investigates the molecular mechanism of SXNI mediated hypersensitivity reactions.Materials and methods: Naive male ICR mice (n = 10) were administered (i.v.) with negative control combined with Evans blue (EB) (CTL-EB), SXNI (14 or 70 mg/kg) combined with EB (SXNI/1-EB or SXNI/4-EB), vascular leakage was evaluated, ears and lungs were collected for histopathological analysis. In vitro, TSC1 was knockdown in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were incubated with SXNI, and the alterations of endothelial cell permeability were observed. Rapamycin (mTOR inbibitor) was used to investigate SXNI-induced hypersensitivity reactions both in mice and HUVECs.Results: SXNI (70 mg/kg) induced vascular leakage in mice. Slight oedema and microvascular dilation in the ears, and broaden of alveolar septal and monocyte infiltration in the lungs were observed in SXNI (70 mg/kg) treated mice. mTOR inhibitor alleviates SXNI mediated vascular endothelial hyperpermeability both in vitro and in vivo.Discussion and conclusions: SXNI stimulates pseudo-allergic reactions through hyperactivation of mTOR signalling pathway. Our work provides the new molecular mechanism of drug related pseudo-allergic reactions, and a potential drug to prevent and treat SXNI mediated hypersensitivity reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingzhuo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Suyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Injection Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayin Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wei Y, Han B, Dai W, Guo S, Zhang C, Zhao L, Gao Y, Jiang Y, Kong X. Exposure to ozone impacted Th1/Th2 imbalance of CD 4+ T cells and apoptosis of ASMCs underlying asthmatic progression by activating lncRNA PVT1-miR-15a-5p/miR-29c-3p signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25229-25255. [PMID: 33223504 PMCID: PMC7803560 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This investigation attempted to elucidate whether lncRNA PVT1-led miRNA axes participated in aggravating ozone-triggered asthma progression. One hundred and sixty-eight BALB/c mice were evenly divided into saline+air group, ovalbumin+air group, saline+ozone group and ovalbumin+ozone group. Correlations were evaluated between PVT1 expression and airway smooth muscle function/inflammatory cytokine release among the mice models. Furthermore, pcDNA3.1-PVT1 and si-PVT1 were, respectively, transfected into CD4+T cells and airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), and activities of the cells were observed. Ultimately, a cohort of asthma patients was recruited to estimate the diagnostic performance of PVT1. It was demonstrated that mice of ovalbumin+ozone group were associated with higher PVT1 expression, thicker trachea/airway smooth muscle and smaller ratio of Th1/Th2-like cytokines than mice of ovalbumin+air group and saline+ozone group (P<0.05). Moreover, pcDNA3.1-PVT1 significantly brought down Th1/Th2 ratio in CD4+ T cells by depressing miR-15a-5p expression and activating PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling (P<0.05). The PVT1 also facilitated ASMC proliferation by sponging miR-29c-3p and motivating PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling (P<0.05). Additionally, PVT1 seemed promising in diagnosis of asthma, with favorable sensitivity (i.e. 0.844) and specificity (i.e. 0.978). Conclusively, lncRNA PVT1-miR-15a-5p/miR-29c-3p-PI3K-Akt-mTOR axis was implicated in ozone-induced asthma development by promoting ASMC proliferation and Th1/Th2 imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Baofen Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Wenjuan Dai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Shufang Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Caiping Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Lixuan Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiaomei Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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45
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Bhaskaran N, Faddoul F, Paes da Silva A, Jayaraman S, Schneider E, Mamileti P, Weinberg A, Pandiyan P. IL-1β-MyD88-mTOR Axis Promotes Immune-Protective IL-17A +Foxp3 + Cells During Mucosal Infection and Is Dysregulated With Aging. Front Immunol 2020; 11:595936. [PMID: 33240286 PMCID: PMC7677307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+Foxp3+Tregs maintain immune homeostasis, but distinct mechanisms underlying their functional heterogeneity during infections are driven by specific cytokine milieu. Here we show that MyD88 deletion in Foxp3+ cells altered their function and resulted in increased fungal burden and immunopathology during oral Candida albicans (CA) challenge. Excessive inflammation due to the absence of MyD88 in Tregs coincided with a reduction of the unique population of IL-17A expressing Foxp3+ cells (Treg17) and an increase in dysfunctional IFN-γ+/Foxp3+ cells (TregIFN-γ) in infected mice. Failure of MyD88-/- Tregs to regulate effector CD4+ T cell functions correlated with heightened levels of IFN-γ in CD4+ T cells, as well as increased infiltration of inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils in oral mucosa in vivo. Mechanistically, IL-1β/MyD88 signaling was required for the activation of IRAK-4, Akt, and mTOR, which led to the induction and proliferation of Treg17 cells. In the absence of IL-1 receptor signaling, Treg17 cells were reduced, but IL-6-driven expansion of TregIFN-γ cells was increased. This mechanism was physiologically relevant during Candida infection in aged mice, as they exhibited IL-1 receptor/MyD88 defect in Foxp3+ cells, loss of p-mTORhighTreg17 cells and reduced levels of IL-1β in oral mucosa, which coincided with persistent tongue inflammation. Concurrent with Treg dysfunction, aging was associated with increased CD4+ T cell hyperactivation and heightened levels of IL-6 in mice and humans in oral mucosa in vivo. Taken together, our data identify IL-1β/MyD88/Treg axis as a new component that modulates inflammatory responses in oral mucosa. Also, dysregulation of this axis in an aging immune system may skew host defense towards an immunopathological response in mucosal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Bhaskaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Fady Faddoul
- Advanced Education in General Dentistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Andre Paes da Silva
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sangeetha Jayaraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Elizabeth Schneider
- Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Prerna Mamileti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Aaron Weinberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Pushpa Pandiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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46
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Zhu C, Weng QY, Zhou LR, Cao C, Li F, Wu YF, Wu YP, Li M, Hu Y, Shen JX, Xiong XF, Lan F, Xia LX, Zhang B, Zhang H, Huang M, Ying SM, Shen HH, Chen ZH, Li W. Homeostatic and early-recruited CD101 - eosinophils suppress endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.02354-2019. [PMID: 32527738 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02354-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute lung injury (ALI) is a fatal but undertreated condition with severe neutrophilic inflammation, although little is known about the functions of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of ALI. Our objectives were to investigate the roles and molecular mechanisms of eosinophils in ALI. METHODS Pulmonary eosinophils were identified by flow cytometry. Mice with abundant or deficient eosinophils were used. Cellularity of eosinophils and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, inflammatory assessment, and survival rate were determined. Human samples were also used for validating experimental results. RESULTS Blood eosinophils were increased in surviving patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) independent of corticosteroid usage. There existed homeostatic eosinophils in lung parenchyma in mice and these homeostatic eosinophils, originating from the bone marrow, were predominantly CD101-. More CD101- eosinophils could be recruited earlier than lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-initiated neutrophilic inflammation. Loss of eosinophils augmented LPS-induced pulmonary injury. Homeostatic CD101- eosinophils ameliorated, while allergic CD101+ eosinophils exacerbated, the neutrophilic inflammation induced by LPS. Likewise, CD101 expression in eosinophils from ARDS patients did not differ from healthy subjects. Mechanistically, CD101- eosinophils exhibited higher levels of Alox15 and Protectin D1. Administration of Protectin D1 isomer attenuated the neutrophilic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings identify an uncovered function of native CD101- eosinophils in suppressing neutrophilic lung inflammation and suggest a potential therapeutic target for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Qing-Yu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Ling-Ren Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Chao Cao
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Fang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Dept of Respiratory Medicine, The Central Hospital of Lishui City, Lishui, China
| | - Fen Lan
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xia Xia
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Man Huang
- Dept of Central Intensive Care Unit, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song-Min Ying
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Hao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Lab for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,These authors contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Zhi-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,These authors contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,These authors contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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Lamiable O, Mayer JU, Munoz-Erazo L, Ronchese F. Dendritic cells in Th2 immune responses and allergic sensitization. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:807-818. [PMID: 32738152 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Allergic responses are characterized by the activation of a specific subset of effector CD4+ T cells, the T-helper type 2 (Th2) cells, that respond to harmless environmental antigens causing inflammation and pathology. Th2 cells are also found in the context of parasite infections, where they can mediate parasite clearance and expulsion, and support tissue repair. The process that leads to the activation of Th2 cells in vivo is incompletely understood: while it has become clear that "conventional" dendritic cells are essential antigen-presenting cells for the initiation of Th2 immune responses, the molecules that are expressed by dendritic cells exposed to allergens, and the mediators that are produced as a consequence and signal to naïve CD4+ T cells to promote their development into effector Th2, remain to be defined. Here we summarize recent developments in the identification of the dendritic cell subsets involved in Th2 responses, review potential mechanisms proposed to explain the generation of these immune responses, and discuss the direct and indirect signals that condition dendritic cells to drive the development of Th2 responses during allergen or parasite exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Franca Ronchese
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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48
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Qiu C, Li J, Luo D, Chen X, Qu R, Liu T, Li F, Liu Y. Cortistatin protects against inflammatory airway diseases through curbing CCL2 and antagonizing NF-κB signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 531:595-601. [PMID: 32811643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting millions of people around the world, yet much remains unknown about its underlying mechanisms. Cortistatin (CST) is a neuropeptide which is reported to be a potential endogenous anti-inflammatory factor in several conditions. To testify the potential involvement of CST in airway inflammatory reaction, an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice model was established in wild-type (WT) as well as CST-knockout (Cort-/-) mice. Thereafter, lung tissue or cell samples were gathered in each group, and histological analysis as well as cell counting assay indicated that Cort-/- mice exhibited exaggeration of asthma compared with WT control group. Moreover, mRNA sequencing assay revealed that CCL2 was a potential target of CST in asthma, and administration of CCL2 inhibitor alleviated airway inflammation of asthma in Cort-/- mice. Moreover, NF-κB signaling pathway might be closely associated with the protective function of CST in asthma, as enhanced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway was observed in OVA-induced asthma model of Cort-/- mice, and SN50, an inhibitor of NF-κB signaling pathway, antagonized asthma development in Cort-/- mice. In summary, CST might represent as a promising target for the treatment of asthma through interacting with CCL2 and NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qiu
- Department of Pathology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China; Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Pathology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China; Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Dan Luo
- College of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Department of Pathology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China; Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Ruize Qu
- Department of Pathology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China; Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, First People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250011, PR China.
| | - Yansong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
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49
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Feng GJ, Chen Y, Li K. Helicobacter pylori promote inflammation and host defense through the cagA-dependent activation of mTORC1. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:10094-10108. [PMID: 32722876 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) functions as regulating different cellular processes, including cell growth, proliferation, motility, survival, metabolism, autophagy, and protein transcription. Recently, it also found to be associated with many infections and inflammatory diseases, playing complex roles in pathogens growth and inflammation regulation. However, the regulation mechanism of mTORC1 in gastric epithelial cells and its role in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and related gastritis remain unclear. Here, we identified that the phosphorylation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the expression of DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein (DEPTOR) was increased in gastric mucosa of H. pylori-infected patients and mice, as well as in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells, which were largely depended on H. pylori cagA. The expression of DEPTOR was regulated via mTORC1, but, in turn, inhibited mTORC1. Knockdown mTOR significantly decreased expression and secretion of cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6, chemokines CCL7 and CXCL16, and antimicrobial peptide LL37 in vitro, while knockdown DEPTOR had the opposite effect. Similar observations were made using mTOR knockout (KO) mice in vivo, moreover. The gastric inflammation was attenuated, while the bacterial burden was increased in mTOR KO mice during H. pylori infection. These findings supported H. pylori promote gastritis and inhibit bacterial colonization through the cagA-dependent activation of mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jing Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
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50
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Painter JD, Galle-Treger L, Akbari O. Role of Autophagy in Lung Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1337. [PMID: 32733448 PMCID: PMC7358431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular recycling system found in almost all types of eukaryotic organisms. The system is made up of a variety of proteins which function to deliver intracellular cargo to lysosomes for formation of autophagosomes in which the contents are degraded. The maintenance of cellular homeostasis is key in the survival and function of a variety of human cell populations. The interconnection between metabolism and autophagy is extensive, therefore it has a role in a variety of different cell functions. The disruption or dysfunction of autophagy in these cell types have been implicated in the development of a variety of inflammatory diseases including asthma. The role of autophagy in non-immune and immune cells both lead to the pathogenesis of lung inflammation. Autophagy in pulmonary non-immune cells leads to tissue remodeling which can develop into chronic asthma cases with long term effects. The role autophagy in the lymphoid and myeloid lineages in the pathology of asthma differ in their functions. Impaired autophagy in lymphoid populations have been shown, in general, to decrease inflammation in both asthma and inflammatory disease models. Many lymphoid cells rely on autophagy for effector function and maintained inflammation. In stark contrast, autophagy deficient antigen presenting cells have been shown to have an activated inflammasome. This is largely characterized by a TH17 response that is accompanied with a much worse prognosis including granulocyte mediated inflammation and steroid resistance. The cell specificity associated with changes in autophagic flux complicates its targeting for amelioration of asthmatic symptoms. Differing asthmatic phenotypes between TH2 and TH17 mediated disease may require different autophagic modulations. Therefore, treatments call for a more cell specific and personalized approach when looking at chronic asthma cases. Viral-induced lung inflammation, such as that caused by SARS-CoV-2, also may involve autophagic modulation leading to inflammation mediated by lung resident cells. In this review, we will be discussing the role of autophagy in non-immune cells, myeloid cells, and lymphoid cells for their implications into lung inflammation and asthma. Finally, we will discuss autophagy's role viral pathogenesis, immunometabolism, and asthma with insights into autophagic modulators for amelioration of lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Painter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lauriane Galle-Treger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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