1
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Li Y, Arsenault EA, Yang B, Wang X, Park H, Guo Y, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Gamelin D, Hone JC, Dean CR, Maehrlein SF, Xu X, Zhu X. Coherent Modulation of Two-Dimensional Moiré States with On-Chip THz Waves. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:12156-12162. [PMID: 39303288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
van der Waals (vdW) structures host a broad range of physical phenomena. New opportunities arise if different functional layers are remotely modulated or coupled in a device structure. Here we demonstrate the in situ coherent modulation of moiré excitons and correlated Mott insulators in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) moirés with on-chip terahertz (THz) waves. Using common dual-gated device structures of a TMD moiré bilayer sandwiched between two few-layer graphene (fl-Gr) gates with hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) spacers, we launch coherent phonon wavepackets at ∼0.4-1 THz from the fl-Gr gates by femtosecond laser excitation. The waves travel through the h-BN spacer, arrive at the TMD bilayer with precise timing, and coherently modulate the moiré excitons or Mott states. These results demonstrate that the fl-Gr gates, often used for electrical control, can serve as on-chip opto-elastic transducers to generate THz waves for coherent control and vibrational entanglement of functional layers in moiré devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Eric A Arsenault
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Birui Yang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Heonjoon Park
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yinjie Guo
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Daniel Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sebastian F Maehrlein
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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2
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Stoica VA, Yang T, Das S, Cao Y, Wang HH, Kubota Y, Dai C, Padma H, Sato Y, Mangu A, Nguyen QL, Zhang Z, Talreja D, Zajac ME, Walko DA, DiChiara AD, Owada S, Miyanishi K, Tamasaku K, Sato T, Glownia JM, Esposito V, Nelson S, Hoffmann MC, Schaller RD, Lindenberg AM, Martin LW, Ramesh R, Matsuda I, Zhu D, Chen LQ, Wen H, Gopalan V, Freeland JW. Non-equilibrium pathways to emergent polar supertextures. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:1394-1401. [PMID: 39317816 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01981-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Ultrafast stimuli can stabilize metastable states of matter inaccessible by equilibrium means. Establishing the spatiotemporal link between ultrafast excitation and metastability is crucial to understand these phenomena. Here we utilize single-shot optical pump-X-ray probe measurements to capture snapshots of the emergence of a persistent polar vortex supercrystal in a heterostructure that hosts a fine balance between built-in electrostatic and elastic frustrations by design. By perturbing this balance with photoinduced charges, an initially heterogeneous mixture of polar phase disorders within a few picoseconds, leading to a state composed of disordered ferroelectric and suppressed vortex orders. On the picosecond-nanosecond timescales, transient labyrinthine fluctuations develop, accompanied by the recovery of the vortex order. On longer timescales, these fluctuations are progressively quenched by dynamical strain modulations, which drive the collective emergence of a single vortex supercrystal phase. Our results, corroborated by dynamical phase-field modelling, reveal non-equilibrium pathways following the ultrafast excitation of designer systems to persistent metastability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Stoica
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
| | - Tiannan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sujit Das
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Yue Cao
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Huaiyu Hugo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yuya Kubota
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Japan
| | - Cheng Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Hari Padma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Anudeep Mangu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Quynh L Nguyen
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory & Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Disha Talreja
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Marc E Zajac
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Donald A Walko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | | | - Shigeki Owada
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Tamasaku
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - James M Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Esposito
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Matthias C Hoffmann
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory & Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Iwao Matsuda
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Diling Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Long-Q Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Haidan Wen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
| | - Venkatraman Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
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3
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Kahana T, Bustamante Lopez DA, Juraschek DM. Light-induced magnetization from magnonic rectification. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado0722. [PMID: 39321285 PMCID: PMC11423882 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado0722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Rectification describes the conversion of an oscillating field or current into a quasi-static one and the most basic example of a rectifier is an AC/DC converter in electronics. This principle can be translated to nonlinear light-matter interactions, where optical rectification converts the oscillating electric field component of light into a quasi-static polarization and phononic rectification converts a lattice vibration into a quasi-static structural distortion. Here, we present a rectification mechanism for magnetism that we call magnonic rectification, where a spin precession is converted into a quasi-static magnetization through the force exerted by a coupled chiral phonon mode. The transiently induced magnetic state resembles that of a canted antiferromagnet, opening an avenue toward creating dynamical spin configurations that are not accessible in equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Kahana
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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4
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Rurali R, Escorihuela-Sayalero C, Tamarit JL, Íñiguez-González J, Cazorla C. Giant Photocaloric Effects across a Vast Temperature Range in Ferroelectric Perovskites. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:116401. [PMID: 39331993 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.116401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state cooling presents an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional refrigeration technologies that rely on thermodynamic cycles involving greenhouse gases. However, conventional caloric effects face several challenges that impede their practical application in refrigeration devices. First, operational temperature conditions must align closely with zero-field phase-transition points; otherwise, the required driving fields become excessively large. However, phase transitions occur infrequently near room temperature. Additionally, caloric effects typically exhibit strong temperature dependence and are sizable only within relatively narrow temperature ranges. In this Letter, we employ first-principles simulation methods to demonstrate that light-driven phase transitions in polar oxide perovskites have the potential to overcome such limitations. Specifically, for the prototypical ferroelectric KNbO_{3} we illustrate the existence of giant "photocaloric" effects induced by light absorption (ΔS_{PC}∼100 J K^{-1} kg^{-1} and ΔT_{PC}∼10 K) across a vast temperature range of several hundred Kelvin, encompassing room temperature. These findings are expected to be generalizable to other materials exhibiting similar polar behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Escorihuela-Sayalero
- Departament de Física, Group of Characterization of Materials, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Avenida Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Avenida Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lluís Tamarit
- Departament de Física, Group of Characterization of Materials, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Avenida Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Avenida Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Claudio Cazorla
- Departament de Física, Group of Characterization of Materials, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Avenida Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Avenida Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Huang Y, Lu Y, Li W, Xu X, Jiang X, Ma R, Chen L, Ruan N, Wu Q, Xu J. Giant Kerr nonlinearity of terahertz waves mediated by stimulated phonon polaritons in a microcavity chip. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:212. [PMID: 39179595 PMCID: PMC11343743 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Optical Kerr effect, in which input light intensity linearly alters the refractive index, has enabled the generation of optical solitons, supercontinuum spectra, and frequency combs, playing vital roles in the on-chip devices, fiber communications, and quantum manipulations. Especially, terahertz Kerr effect, featuring fascinating prospects in future high-rate computing, artificial intelligence, and cloud-based technologies, encounters a great challenge due to the rather low power density and feeble Kerr response. Here, we demonstrate a giant terahertz frequency Kerr nonlinearity mediated by stimulated phonon polaritons. Under the influences of the giant Kerr nonlinearity, the power-dependent refractive index change would result in a frequency shift in the microcavity, which was experimentally demonstrated via the measurement of the resonant mode of a chip-scale lithium niobate Fabry-Pérot microcavity. Attributed to the existence of stimulated phonon polaritons, the nonlinear coefficient extracted from the frequency shifts is orders of magnitude larger than that of visible and infrared light, which is also theoretically demonstrated by nonlinear Huang equations. This work opens an avenue for many rich and fruitful terahertz Kerr effect based physical, chemical, and biological systems that have terahertz fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Shenzhen, 518083, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Shenzhen, 518083, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics & Electricity, China Academy of Space Technology, 100094, Beijing, China
| | - Xitan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Shenzhen, 518083, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinda Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Shenzhen, 518083, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruobin Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Shenzhen, 518083, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ningjuan Ruan
- Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics & Electricity, China Academy of Space Technology, 100094, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Shenzhen, 518083, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jingjun Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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6
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Geng C, Su Y, Kong D, Yang Z, Li J, Cai J, Dai F, Song C, Wu X. Zeeman torque sampling of intense terahertz magnetic field in CoFe. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:4589-4592. [PMID: 39146110 DOI: 10.1364/ol.532571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Free-space strong-field terahertz (THz) electromagnetic pulses have emerged as a potent tool for non-equilibrium quantum state control. However, these applications predominantly rely on electric field components, with limited utilization of magnetic field components. A traditional electro-optical sampling technique may encounter constraints due to the field strength saturation effect when detecting strong-field THz pulses. Here we have identified intense THz-induced Zeeman torque signals in CoFe and successfully detected the THz magnetic field components. Through variations in the type of ferromagnetic materials and the thickness of ferromagnetic films, we further refined the detection of THz magnetic field components. Our research revealed that a 15-nm CoFe thin film is more responsive in measuring magnetic field components.
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7
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Fava S, De Vecchi G, Jotzu G, Buzzi M, Gebert T, Liu Y, Keimer B, Cavalleri A. Magnetic field expulsion in optically driven YBa 2Cu 3O 6.48. Nature 2024; 632:75-80. [PMID: 38987601 PMCID: PMC11291272 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Coherent optical driving in quantum solids is emerging as a research frontier, with many reports of interesting non-equilibrium quantum phases1-4 and transient photo-induced functional phenomena such as ferroelectricity5,6, magnetism7-10 and superconductivity11-14. In high-temperature cuprate superconductors, coherent driving of certain phonon modes has resulted in a transient state with superconducting-like optical properties, observed far above their transition temperature Tc and throughout the pseudogap phase15-18. However, questions remain on the microscopic nature of this transient state and how to distinguish it from a non-superconducting state with enhanced carrier mobility. For example, it is not known whether cuprates driven in this fashion exhibit Meissner diamagnetism. Here we examine the time-dependent magnetic field surrounding an optically driven YBa2Cu3O6.48 crystal by measuring Faraday rotation in a magneto-optic material placed in the vicinity of the sample. For a constant applied magnetic field and under the same driving conditions that result in superconducting-like optical properties15-18, a transient diamagnetic response was observed. This response is comparable in size with that expected in an equilibrium type II superconductor of similar shape and size with a volume susceptibility χv of order -0.3. This value is incompatible with a photo-induced increase in mobility without superconductivity. Rather, it underscores the notion of a pseudogap phase in which incipient superconducting correlations are enhanced or synchronized by the drive.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fava
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G De Vecchi
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Jotzu
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - M Buzzi
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - T Gebert
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Y Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - B Keimer
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A Cavalleri
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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8
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Liu R, Janicki TD, Marks SD, Gyan DS, Zuo P, Savage DE, Zhou T, Cai Z, Holt M, Butun S, Lu S, Basit N, Hu X, Abbott T, Kabat N, Li W, Li Q, Kelley KP, Vasudevan RK, Schmidt JR, Babcock SE, Evans PG. Optical and electronic functionality arising from controlled defect formation in nanoscale complex oxide lateral epitaxy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk5509. [PMID: 39047104 PMCID: PMC11268403 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk5509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Epitaxial crystallization of complex oxides provides the means to create materials with precisely selected composition, strain, and orientation, thereby controlling their functionalities. Extending this control to nanoscale three-dimensional geometries can be accomplished via a three-dimensional analog of oxide solid-phase epitaxy, lateral epitaxial crystallization. The orientation of crystals within laterally crystallized SrTiO3 systematically changes from the orientation of the SrTiO3 substrate. This evolution occurs as a function of lateral crystallization distance, with a rate of approximately 50° μm-1. The mechanism of the rotation is consistent with a steady-state stress of tens of megapascal over a 100-nanometer scale region near the moving amorphous/crystalline interface arising from the amorphous-crystalline density difference. Second harmonic generation and piezoelectric force microscopy reveal that the laterally crystallized SrTiO3 is noncentrosymmetric and develops a switchable piezoelectric response at room temperature, illustrating the potential to use lateral crystallization to control the functionality of complex oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Tesia D. Janicki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Samuel D. Marks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Deepankar Sri Gyan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Peng Zuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Donald E. Savage
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Tao Zhou
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Zhonghou Cai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Martin Holt
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Serkan Butun
- Northwestern University Micro/Nano Fabrication Facility, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Shaoning Lu
- Northwestern University Micro/Nano Fabrication Facility, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nasir Basit
- Northwestern University Micro/Nano Fabrication Facility, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Xiaobing Hu
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Tirzah Abbott
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nathaniel Kabat
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kyle P. Kelley
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Rama K. Vasudevan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - J. R. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Susan E. Babcock
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Paul G. Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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9
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Li T, Yang J, Deng S, Wang Z, Tang M, Luo H, Long F, Chen Y, Wang JO, Wang H, Xu S, Guo EJ, Jin KJ, Qi H, Diéguez O, Liu S, Chen J. Superfine Nanodomain Engineering Unleashing Ferroelectricity in Incipient Ferroelectrics. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:20205-20212. [PMID: 39007348 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Incipient ferroelectrics have emerged as an attractive class of functional materials owing to their potential to be engineered for exotic ferroelectric behavior, holding great promise for expanding the ferroelectric family. However, thus far, their artificially engineered ferroelectricity has fallen far short of rivaling classic ferroelectrics. In this study, we address this challenge by developing a superfine nanodomain engineering strategy. By applying this approach to representative incipient ferroelectric of SrTiO3-based films, we achieve unprecedentedly strong ferroelectricity, not only surpassing previous records for incipient ferroelectrics but also being comparable to classic ferroelectrics. The remanent polarization of the thin film reaches up to 17.0 μC cm-2 with an ultrahigh Curie temperature of 973 K. Atomic-scale investigations elucidate the origin of this robust ferroelectricity in the emergent high-density superfine nanodomains spanning merely 3-10 unit cells. Combining experimental results with theoretical assessments, we unveil the underlying mechanism, where the intentionally introduced diluted foreign Fe element creates a deeper Landau energy well and promotes a short-range ordering of polarization. Our developed strategy significantly streamlines the design of unconventional ferroelectrics, providing a versatile pathway for exploring new and superior ferroelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Shiqing Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingxue Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Center for High-Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huajie Luo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feixiang Long
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia-Ou Wang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huanhua Wang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Er-Jia Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kui-Juan Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - He Qi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Oswaldo Diéguez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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10
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Gao Y, Zeng XY, Wang XB, Shi YG, Cheng L, Qi J. Terahertz manipulation of nonlinear optical response in topological material PtBi 2. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3862-3865. [PMID: 39008727 DOI: 10.1364/ol.525200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The substantial nonlinear optical response observed in numerous topological materials renders them well-suited for optic and photonic applications, underscoring the critical need to devise effective strategies for manipulating their nonlinearity to enhance their versatility across different applications. In this Letter, we focus on the second-harmonic generation (SHG) response of the topological material PtBi2 under intense terahertz (THz) pulses and unveil the transient nonlinearity manipulated by a THz electric field. Our findings demonstrate that upon excitation of an intense THz pulse, there emerges a substantial enhancement in the SHG signal of PtBi2, which is predominantly attributed to the linear term involving the THz field, i.e., χ(2)χ(3)ETHz. We also clearly observe the transient change in the nonlinear coefficients, which could arise from the excitation of the bands with linear dispersion via the intense THz pulse. These findings bear significant implications for achieving ultrafast modulation of nonlinearity in topological materials, thereby opening avenues for advanced applications in this field.
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11
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Shi J, You W, Li X, Gao FY, Peng X, Zhang S, Li J, Zhang Y, Fu L, Taylor PJ, Nelson KA, Baldini E. Revealing a distortive polar order buried in the Fermi sea. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn0929. [PMID: 38996015 PMCID: PMC11244435 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn0929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Polar metals are challenging to identify spectroscopically because the fingerprints of electric polarization are often obscured by the presence of screening charges. Here, we unravel unambiguous signatures of a distortive polar order buried in the Fermi sea by probing the nonlinear optical response of materials driven by tailored terahertz fields. We apply this strategy to investigate the topological crystalline insulator Pb1-xSnxTe, tracking its soft phonon mode in the time domain and observing the occurrence of inversion symmetry breaking as a function of temperature. By combining measurements across the material's phase diagram with ab initio calculations, we demonstrate the generality of our approach. These results highlight the potential of terahertz driving fields to reveal polar orders coexisting with itinerant electrons, thus opening additional avenues for material discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojian Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wenjing You
- Department of Physics and Center for Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Frank Y Gao
- Department of Physics and Center for Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Xinyue Peng
- Department of Physics and Center for Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Shangjie Zhang
- Department of Physics and Center for Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jiangxu Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Min H. Kao Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Min H. Kao Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Liang Fu
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Keith A Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Edoardo Baldini
- Department of Physics and Center for Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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12
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Zhang J, Shen S, Puggioni D, Wang M, Sha H, Xu X, Lyu Y, Peng H, Xing W, Walters LN, Liu L, Wang Y, Hou D, Xi C, Pi L, Ishizuka H, Kotani Y, Kimata M, Nojiri H, Nakamura T, Liang T, Yi D, Nan T, Zang J, Sheng Z, He Q, Zhou S, Nagaosa N, Nan CW, Tokura Y, Yu R, Rondinelli JM, Yu P. A correlated ferromagnetic polar metal by design. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:912-919. [PMID: 38605196 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Polar metals have recently garnered increasing interest because of their promising functionalities. Here we report the experimental realization of an intrinsic coexisting ferromagnetism, polar distortion and metallicity in quasi-two-dimensional Ca3Co3O8. This material crystallizes with alternating stacking of oxygen tetrahedral CoO4 monolayers and octahedral CoO6 bilayers. The ferromagnetic metallic state is confined within the quasi-two-dimensional CoO6 layers, and the broken inversion symmetry arises simultaneously from the Co displacements. The breaking of both spatial-inversion and time-reversal symmetries, along with their strong coupling, gives rise to an intrinsic magnetochiral anisotropy with exotic magnetic field-free non-reciprocal electrical resistivity. An extraordinarily robust topological Hall effect persists over a broad temperature-magnetic field phase space, arising from dipole-induced Rashba spin-orbit coupling. Our work not only provides a rich platform to explore the coupling between polarity and magnetism in a metallic system, with extensive potential applications, but also defines a novel design strategy to access exotic correlated electronic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengchun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Danilo Puggioni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haozhi Sha
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueli Xu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yingjie Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huining Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wandong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lauren N Walters
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Linhan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - De Hou
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanying Xi
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Li Pi
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Hiroaki Ishizuka
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kotani
- Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Motoi Kimata
- Institute of Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nojiri
- Institute of Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- International Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Japan
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, China
| | - Di Yi
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxiang Nan
- School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiadong Zang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Zhigao Sheng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Shuyun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, China
| | - Naoto Nagaosa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yoshinori Tokura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - James M Rondinelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Pu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Japan.
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, China.
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13
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Ganguly S, Pesquera D, Garcia DM, Saeed U, Mirzamohammadi N, Santiso J, Padilla J, Roque JMC, Laulhé C, Berenguer F, Villanueva LG, Catalan G. Photostrictive Actuators Based on Freestanding Ferroelectric Membranes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310198. [PMID: 38546029 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Complex oxides offer a wide range of functional properties, and recent advances in the fabrication of freestanding membranes of these oxides are adding new mechanical degrees of freedom to this already rich functional ecosystem. Here, photoactuation is demonstrated in freestanding thin film resonators of ferroelectric Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) and paraelectric Strontium Titanate (SrTiO3). The free-standing films, transferred onto perforated supports, act as nano-drums, oscillating at their natural resonance frequency when illuminated by a frequency-modulated laser. The light-induced deflections in the ferroelectric BaTiO3 membranes are two orders of magnitude larger than in the paraelectric SrTiO3 ones. Time-resolved X-ray micro-diffraction under illumination and temperature-dependent holographic interferometry provide combined evidence for the photostrictive strain in BaTiO3 originating from a partial screening of ferroelectric polarization by photo-excited carriers, which decreases the tetragonality of the unit cell. These findings showcase the potential of photostrictive freestanding ferroelectric films as wireless actuators operated by light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptam Ganguly
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - David Pesquera
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniel Moreno Garcia
- Advanced NEMS Laboratory, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Umair Saeed
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nona Mirzamohammadi
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José Santiso
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jessica Padilla
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Caicedo Roque
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Claire Laulhé
- Université Paris-Saclay, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, 91190, France
| | - Felisa Berenguer
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Luis Guillermo Villanueva
- Advanced NEMS Laboratory, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Gustau Catalan
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, 08010, Catalonia
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14
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Zhang S, Zheng Z, Zhang M, Zhang T, Zhang Z, Huang H. The application of THz-TDS in the characterization of Bayan Obo magnetite ore composition. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15033. [PMID: 38951568 PMCID: PMC11217283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) in the quantitative analysis of major minerals in Bayan Obo magnetite ore was explored. The positive correlation between the optical parameters of the original ore and its iron content is confirmed. The detections of three main iron containing minerals, including magnetite, pyrite, and hematite, were simulated using corresponding reagents. The random forest algorithm is used for quantitative analysis, and FeS2 is detected with precision of R2 = 0.7686 and MAE = 0.6307% in ternary mixtures. The experimental results demonstrate that THz-TDS can distinguish specific iron containing minerals and reveal the potential application value of this testing method in exploration and mineral processing fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Mingrui Zhang
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zili Zhang
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haochong Huang
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
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15
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Zhang P, Li Q, Li Z, Shi X, Wang H, Huo C, Zhou L, Kuang X, Lin K, Cao Y, Deng J, Yu C, Chen X, Miao J, Xing X. Intrinsic-strain-induced ferroelectric order and ultrafine nanodomains in SrTiO 3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400568121. [PMID: 38857392 PMCID: PMC11194550 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400568121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nano ferroelectrics holds the potential application promise in information storage, electro-mechanical transformation, and novel catalysts but encounters a huge challenge of size limitation and manufacture complexity on the creation of long-range ferroelectric ordering. Herein, as an incipient ferroelectric, nanosized SrTiO3 was indued with polarized ordering at room temperature from the nonpolar cubic structure, driven by the intrinsic three-dimensional (3D) tensile strain. The ferroelectric behavior can be confirmed by piezoelectric force microscopy and the ferroelectric TO1 soft mode was verified with the temperature stability to 500 K. Its structural origin comes from the off-center shift of Ti atom to oxygen octahedron and forms the ultrafine head-to-tail connected 90° nanodomains about 2 to 3 nm, resulting in an overall spontaneous polarization toward the short edges of nanoparticles. According to the density functional theory calculations and phase-field simulations, the 3D strain-related dipole displacement transformed from [001] to [111] and segmentation effect on the ferroelectric domain were further proved. The topological ferroelectric order induced by intrinsic 3D tensile strain shows a unique approach to get over the nanosized limitation in nanodevices and construct the strong strain-polarization coupling, paving the way for the design of high-performance and free-assembled ferroelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixi Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Chuanrui Huo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Lihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, China
| | - Xiaojun Kuang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin541006, China
| | - Kun Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Yili Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Jinxia Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Chengyi Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Jun Miao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Xianran Xing
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
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16
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Li Z, Varrassi L, Yang Y, Franchini C, Bellaiche L, He J. Ultrastrong Coupling between Polar Distortion and Optical Properties in Ferroelectric MoBr 2O 2. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15411-15419. [PMID: 38780106 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Tuning the properties of materials by using external stimuli is crucial for developing versatile smart materials. Strong coupling among the order parameters within a single-phase material constitutes a potent foundation for achieving precise property control. However, cross-coupling is fairly weak in most single materials. Leveraging first-principles calculations, we demonstrate a layered mixed anion compound MoBr2O2 that exhibits electric-field switchable spontaneous polarization and ultrastrong coupling between polar distortion and electronic structures as well as optical properties. It offers feasible avenues of achieving tunable Rashba spin-splitting, electrochromism, thermochromism, photochromism, and nonlinear optics by applying an external electric field to a single domain sample and heating, as well as intense light illumination. Additionally, it exhibits an exceptionally large photostrictive effect. These findings not only showcase the feasibility of achieving multiple order parameter coupling within a single material but also pave the way for comprehensive applications based on property control, such as energy harvesting, information processing, and ultrafast control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Li
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lorenzo Varrassi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Yali Yang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cesare Franchini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Vienna, Kolingasse 14-16, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Laurent Bellaiche
- Smart Ferroic Materials Center, Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Jiangang He
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices for Post-Moore Chips, Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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17
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Xu R, Crassee I, Bechtel HA, Zhou Y, Bercher A, Korosec L, Rischau CW, Teyssier J, Crust KJ, Lee Y, Gilbert Corder SN, Li J, Dionne JA, Hwang HY, Kuzmenko AB, Liu Y. Highly confined epsilon-near-zero and surface phonon polaritons in SrTiO 3 membranes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4743. [PMID: 38834672 PMCID: PMC11150425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47917-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent theoretical studies have suggested that transition metal perovskite oxide membranes can enable surface phonon polaritons in the infrared range with low loss and much stronger subwavelength confinement than bulk crystals. Such modes, however, have not been experimentally observed so far. Here, using a combination of far-field Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and near-field synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy (SINS) imaging, we study the phonon polaritons in a 100 nm thick freestanding crystalline membrane of SrTiO3 transferred on metallic and dielectric substrates. We observe a symmetric-antisymmetric mode splitting giving rise to epsilon-near-zero and Berreman modes as well as highly confined (by a factor of 10) propagating phonon polaritons, both of which result from the deep-subwavelength thickness of the membranes. Theoretical modeling based on the analytical finite-dipole model and numerical finite-difference methods fully corroborate the experimental results. Our work reveals the potential of oxide membranes as a promising platform for infrared photonics and polaritonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Iris Crassee
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hans A Bechtel
- Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yixi Zhou
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Adrien Bercher
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Korosec
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carl Willem Rischau
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérémie Teyssier
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kevin J Crust
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Yonghun Lee
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Jiarui Li
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer A Dionne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Harold Y Hwang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alexey B Kuzmenko
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
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18
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Kim H, Kang C, Jang D, Roh Y, Lee SH, Lee JW, Sung JH, Lee SK, Kim KY. Ionizing terahertz waves with 260 MV/cm from scalable optical rectification. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:118. [PMID: 38802347 PMCID: PMC11130333 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01462-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) waves, known as non-ionizing radiation owing to their low photon energies, can actually ionize atoms and molecules when a sufficiently large number of THz photons are concentrated in time and space. Here, we demonstrate the generation of ionizing, multicycle, 15-THz waves emitted from large-area lithium niobate crystals via phase-matched optical rectification of 150-terawatt laser pulses. A complete characterization of the generated THz waves in energy, pulse duration, and focal spot size shows that the field strength can reach up to 260 megavolts per centimeter. In particular, a single-shot THz interferometer is employed to measure the THz pulse duration and spectrum with complementary numerical simulations. Such intense THz pulses are irradiated onto various solid targets to demonstrate THz-induced tunneling ionization and plasma formation. This study also discusses the potential of nonperturbative THz-driven ionization in gases, which will open up new opportunities, including nonlinear and relativistic THz physics in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongmun Kim
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Chul Kang
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
| | - Dogeun Jang
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Yulan Roh
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Sang Hwa Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Joong Wook Lee
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Ki-Yong Kim
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics; Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA.
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19
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Wang JH, Zhu MX, Li YS, Chen SJ, Gong FH, Lv XD, Jiang RJ, Liu SZ, Li C, Wang YJ, Tang YL, Zhu YL, Ma XL. Large Polarization Near 50 μC/cm 2 in a Single Unit Cell Layer SrTiO 3. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4082-4090. [PMID: 38526914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The generally nonpolar SrTiO3 has attracted more attention recently because of its possibly induced novel polar states and related paraelectric-ferroelectric phase transitions. By using controlled pulsed laser deposition, high-quality, ultrathin, and strained SrTiO3 layers were obtained. Here, transmission electron microscopy and theoretical simulations have unveiled highly polar states in SrTiO3 films even down to one unit cell at room temperature, which were stabilized in the PbTiO3/SrTiO3/PbTiO3 sandwich structures by in-plane tensile strain and interfacial coupling, as evidenced by large tetragonality (∼1.05), notable polar ion displacement (0.019 nm), and thus ultrahigh spontaneous polarization (up to ∼50 μC/cm2). These values are nearly comparable to those of the strong ferroelectrics as the PbZrxTi1-xO3 family. Our findings provide an effective and practical approach for integrating large strain states into oxide films and inducing polarization in nonpolar materials, which may broaden the functionality of nonpolar oxides and pave the way for the discovery of new electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hui Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mei-Xiong Zhu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu-Shu Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shuang-Jie Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feng-Hui Gong
- Bay Area Center for Electron Microscopy, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Lv
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ru-Jian Jiang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Su-Zhen Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Changji Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu-Jia Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yun-Long Tang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yin-Lian Zhu
- Bay Area Center for Electron Microscopy, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Xiu-Liang Ma
- Bay Area Center for Electron Microscopy, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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20
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Xie P, Car R, E W. Ab initio generalized Langevin equation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2308668121. [PMID: 38551836 PMCID: PMC10998567 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308668121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
We introduce a machine learning-based approach called ab initio generalized Langevin equation (AIGLE) to model the dynamics of slow collective variables (CVs) in materials and molecules. In this scheme, the parameters are learned from atomistic simulations based on ab initio quantum mechanical models. Force field, memory kernel, and noise generator are constructed in the context of the Mori-Zwanzig formalism, under the constraint of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Combined with deep potential molecular dynamics and electronic density functional theory, this approach opens the way to multiscale modeling in a variety of situations. Here, we demonstrate this capability with a study of two mesoscale processes in crystalline lead titanate, namely the field-driven dynamics of a planar ferroelectric domain wall, and the dynamics of an extensive lattice of coarse-grained electric dipoles. In the first case, AIGLE extends the reach of ab initio simulations to a regime of noise-driven motions not accessible to molecular dynamics. In the second case, AIGLE deals with an extensive set of CVs by adopting a local approximation for the memory kernel and retaining only short-range noise correlations. The scheme is computationally more efficient than molecular dynamics by several orders of magnitude and mimics the microscopic dynamics at low frequencies where it reproduces accurately the dominant far-infrared absorption frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinchen Xie
- Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Roberto Car
- Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
- Department of Chemistry and Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Weinan E
- AI for Science Institute, Beijing100080, China
- Center for Machine Learning Research and School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100084, China
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21
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Basini M, Pancaldi M, Wehinger B, Udina M, Unikandanunni V, Tadano T, Hoffmann MC, Balatsky AV, Bonetti S. Terahertz electric-field-driven dynamical multiferroicity in SrTiO 3. Nature 2024; 628:534-539. [PMID: 38600387 PMCID: PMC11023939 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of collective order in matter is among the most fundamental and intriguing phenomena in physics. In recent years, the dynamical control and creation of novel ordered states of matter not accessible in thermodynamic equilibrium is receiving much attention1-6. The theoretical concept of dynamical multiferroicity has been introduced to describe the emergence of magnetization due to time-dependent electric polarization in non-ferromagnetic materials7,8. In simple terms, the coherent rotating motion of the ions in a crystal induces a magnetic moment along the axis of rotation. Here we provide experimental evidence of room-temperature magnetization in the archetypal paraelectric perovskite SrTiO3 due to this mechanism. We resonantly drive the infrared-active soft phonon mode with an intense circularly polarized terahertz electric field and detect the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect. A simple model, which includes two coupled nonlinear oscillators whose forces and couplings are derived with ab initio calculations using self-consistent phonon theory at a finite temperature9, reproduces qualitatively our experimental observations. A quantitatively correct magnitude was obtained for the effect by also considering the phonon analogue of the reciprocal of the Einstein-de Haas effect, which is also called the Barnett effect, in which the total angular momentum from the phonon order is transferred to the electronic one. Our findings show a new path for the control of magnetism, for example, for ultrafast magnetic switches, by coherently controlling the lattice vibrations with light.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Basini
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Pancaldi
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
| | - B Wehinger
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - M Udina
- Department of Physics and ISC-CNR, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - V Unikandanunni
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Tadano
- Research Center for Magnetic and Spintronic Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - M C Hoffmann
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - A V Balatsky
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- NORDITA, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Rara Foundation - Sustainable Materials and Technologies, Venice, Italy
| | - S Bonetti
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy.
- Rara Foundation - Sustainable Materials and Technologies, Venice, Italy.
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22
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Eckhardt CJ, Chattopadhyay S, Kennes DM, Demler EA, Sentef MA, Michael MH. Theory of resonantly enhanced photo-induced superconductivity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2300. [PMID: 38485935 PMCID: PMC10940728 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Optical driving of materials has emerged as a versatile tool to control their properties, with photo-induced superconductivity being among the most fascinating examples. In this work, we show that light or lattice vibrations coupled to an electronic interband transition naturally give rise to electron-electron attraction that may be enhanced when the underlying boson is driven into a non-thermal state. We find this phenomenon to be resonantly amplified when tuning the boson's frequency close to the energy difference between the two electronic bands. This result offers a simple microscopic mechanism for photo-induced superconductivity and provides a recipe for designing new platforms in which light-induced superconductivity can be realized. We discuss two-dimensional heterostructures as a potential test ground for light-induced superconductivity concretely proposing a setup consisting of a graphene-hBN-SrTiO3 heterostructure, for which we estimate a superconducting Tc that may be achieved upon driving the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Eckhardt
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Dante M Kennes
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eugene A Demler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Sentef
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- H H Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Marios H Michael
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
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23
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Fechner M, Först M, Orenstein G, Krapivin V, Disa AS, Buzzi M, von Hoegen A, de la Pena G, Nguyen QL, Mankowsky R, Sander M, Lemke H, Deng Y, Trigo M, Cavalleri A. Quenched lattice fluctuations in optically driven SrTiO 3. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:363-368. [PMID: 38302742 PMCID: PMC10917662 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Crystal lattice fluctuations, which are known to influence phase transitions of quantum materials in equilibrium, are also expected to determine the dynamics of light-induced phase changes. However, they have only rarely been explored in these dynamical settings. Here we study the time evolution of lattice fluctuations in the quantum paraelectric SrTiO3, in which mid-infrared drives have been shown to induce a metastable ferroelectric state. Crucial in these physics is the competition between polar instabilities and antiferrodistortive rotations, which in equilibrium frustrate the formation of long-range ferroelectricity. We make use of high-intensity mid-infrared optical pulses to resonantly drive the Ti-O-stretching mode at 17 THz, and we measure the resulting change in lattice fluctuations using time-resolved X-ray diffuse scattering at a free-electron laser. After a prompt increase, we observe a long-lived quench in R-point antiferrodistortive lattice fluctuations. Their enhancement and reduction are theoretically explained by considering the fourth-order nonlinear phononic interactions to the driven optical phonon and third-order coupling to lattice strain, respectively. These observations provide a number of testable hypotheses for the physics of light-induced ferroelectricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fechner
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - M Först
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - G Orenstein
- Stanford Pulse Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - V Krapivin
- Stanford Pulse Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - A S Disa
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
- School of Applied & Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Buzzi
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A von Hoegen
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G de la Pena
- Stanford Pulse Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Q L Nguyen
- Stanford Pulse Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - R Mankowsky
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - M Sander
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - H Lemke
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Y Deng
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - M Trigo
- Stanford Pulse Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - A Cavalleri
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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24
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Zhang H, Krynski M, Fortes AD, Saunders TG, Palma M, Hao Y, Krok F, Yan H, Abrahams I. Origin of Polarization in Bismuth Sodium Titanate-Based Ceramics. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5569-5579. [PMID: 38353048 PMCID: PMC10910510 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The classical view of the structural changes that occur at the ferroelectric transition in perovskite-structured systems, such as BaTiO3, is that polarization occurs due to the off-center displacement of the B-site cations. Here, we show that in the bismuth sodium titanate (BNT)-based composition 0.2(Ba0.4Sr0.6TiO3)-0.8(Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3), this model does not accurately describe the structural situation. Such BNT-based systems are of interest as lead-free alternatives to currently used materials in a variety of piezo-/ferroelectric applications. A combination of high-resolution powder neutron diffraction, impedance spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations reveals that Ti4+ contributes less than a third in magnitude to the overall polarization and that the displacements of the O2- ions and the A-site cations, particularly Bi3+, are very significant. The detailed examination of the ferroelectric transition in this system offers insights applicable to the understanding of such transitions in other ferroelectric perovskites, particularly those containing lone pair elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangfeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Marcin Krynski
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland
| | - A Dominic Fortes
- STFC ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 OQX, U.K
| | - Theo Graves Saunders
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Matteo Palma
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Yang Hao
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Franciszek Krok
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Haixue Yan
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Isaac Abrahams
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
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25
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Ouyang XY, Ye QJ, Li XZ. Complex phase diagram and supercritical matter. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:024118. [PMID: 38491632 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.024118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The supercritical region is often described as uniform with no definite transitions. The distinct behaviors of the matter therein, e.g., as liquidlike and gaslike, however, suggest "supercritical boundaries." Here we provide a mathematical description of these phenomena by revisiting the Yang-Lee theory and introducing a complex phase diagram, specifically a four-dimensional (4D) one with complex T and p. While the traditional 2D phase diagram with real temperature T and pressure p values (the physical plane) lacks Lee-Yang (LY) zeros beyond the critical point, preventing the occurrence of criticality, the off-plane zeros in this 4D scenario still induce critical anomalies in various physical properties. This relationship is evidenced by the correlation between the Widom line and LY edges in van der Waals, 2D Ising model, and water. The diverged supercritical boundaries manifest the high-dimensional feature of the phase diagram: e.g., when LY zeros of complex T or p are projected onto the physical plane, boundaries defined by isobaric heat capacity C_{p} or isothermal compression coefficient K_{T} emanates. These results demonstrate the incipient phase transition nature of the supercritical matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Frontier Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Frontier Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Frontier Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials, Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, People's Republic of China
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26
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Shin D, Rubio A, Tang P. Light-Induced Ideal Weyl Semimetal in HgTe via Nonlinear Phononics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:016603. [PMID: 38242673 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.016603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between light and matter allow the realization of out-of-equilibrium states in quantum solids. In particular, nonlinear phononics is one of the most efficient approaches to realizing the stationary electronic state in nonequilibrium. Herein, by an extended ab initio molecular dynamics method, we identify that long-lived light-driven quasistationary geometry could stabilize the topological nature in the material family of HgTe compounds. We show that coherent excitation of the infrared-active phonon mode results in a distortion of the atomic geometry with a lifetime of several picoseconds. We show that four Weyl points are located exactly at the Fermi level in this nonequilibrium geometry, making it an ideal long-lived metastable Weyl semimetal. We propose that such a metastable topological phase can be identified by photoelectron spectroscopy of the Fermi arc surface states or ultrafast pump-probe transport measurements of the nonlinear Hall effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbin Shin
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - Peizhe Tang
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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27
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Ma L, Wu J, Zhu T, Huang Y, Lu Q, Liu S. Ultrahigh Oxygen Ion Mobility in Ferroelectric Hafnia. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:256801. [PMID: 38181338 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.256801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Ferroelectrics and ionic conductors are important functional materials, each supporting a plethora of applications in information and energy technology. The underlying physics governing their functional properties is ionic motion, and yet studies of ferroelectrics and ionic conductors are often considered separate fields. Based on first-principles calculations and deep-learning-assisted large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, we report ferroelectric-switching-promoted oxygen ion transport in HfO_{2}, a wide-band-gap insulator with both ferroelectricity and ionic conductivity. Applying a unidirectional bias can activate multiple switching pathways in ferroelectric HfO_{2}, leading to polar-antipolar phase cycling that appears to contradict classical electrodynamics. This apparent conflict is resolved by the geometric-quantum-phase nature of electric polarization that carries no definite direction. Our molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate bias-driven successive ferroelectric transitions facilitate ultrahigh oxygen ion mobility at moderate temperatures, highlighting the potential of combining ferroelectricity and ionic conductivity for the development of advanced materials and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Yiwei Huang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Qiyang Lu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
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28
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Denoual E, Bergé L, Davoine X, Gremillet L. Modeling terahertz emissions from energetic electrons and ions in foil targets irradiated by ultraintense femtosecond laser pulses. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:065211. [PMID: 38243518 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.065211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) emissions from fast electron and ion currents driven in relativistic, femtosecond laser-foil interactions are examined theoretically. We first consider the radiation from the energetic electrons exiting the backside of the target. Our kinetic model takes account of the coherent transition radiation due to these electrons crossing the plasma-vacuum interface as well as of the synchrotron radiation due to their deflection and deceleration in the sheath field they set up in vacuum. After showing that both mechanisms tend to largely compensate each other when all the electrons are pulled back into the target, we investigate the scaling of the net radiation with the sheath field strength. We then demonstrate the sensitivity of this radiation to a percent-level fraction of escaping electrons. We also study the influence of the target thickness and laser focusing. The same sheath field that confines most of the fast electrons around the target rapidly sets into motion the surface ions. We describe the THz emission from these accelerated ions and their accompanying hot electrons by means of a plasma expansion model that allows for finite foil size and multidimensional effects. Again, we explore the dependencies of this radiation mechanism on the laser-target parameters. Under conditions typical of current ultrashort laser-solid experiments, we find that the THz radiation from the expanding plasma is much less energetic-by one to three orders of magnitude-than that due to the early-time motion of the fast electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Denoual
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, F-91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - L Bergé
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, F-91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
- Centre des Lasers Intenses et Applications, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - X Davoine
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, F-91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - L Gremillet
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, F-91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
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29
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Moradifar P, Liu Y, Shi J, Siukola Thurston ML, Utzat H, van Driel TB, Lindenberg AM, Dionne JA. Accelerating Quantum Materials Development with Advances in Transmission Electron Microscopy. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37979189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantum materials are driving a technology revolution in sensing, communication, and computing, while simultaneously testing many core theories of the past century. Materials such as topological insulators, complex oxides, superconductors, quantum dots, color center-hosting semiconductors, and other types of strongly correlated materials can exhibit exotic properties such as edge conductivity, multiferroicity, magnetoresistance, superconductivity, single photon emission, and optical-spin locking. These emergent properties arise and depend strongly on the material's detailed atomic-scale structure, including atomic defects, dopants, and lattice stacking. In this review, we describe how progress in the field of electron microscopy (EM), including in situ and in operando EM, can accelerate advances in quantum materials and quantum excitations. We begin by describing fundamental EM principles and operation modes. We then discuss various EM methods such as (i) EM spectroscopies, including electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and electron energy gain spectroscopy (EEGS); (ii) four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM); (iii) dynamic and ultrafast EM (UEM); (iv) complementary ultrafast spectroscopies (UED, XFEL); and (v) atomic electron tomography (AET). We describe how these methods could inform structure-function relations in quantum materials down to the picometer scale and femtosecond time resolution, and how they enable precision positioning of atomic defects and high-resolution manipulation of quantum materials. For each method, we also describe existing limitations to solve open quantum mechanical questions, and how they might be addressed to accelerate progress. Among numerous notable results, our review highlights how EM is enabling identification of the 3D structure of quantum defects; measuring reversible and metastable dynamics of quantum excitations; mapping exciton states and single photon emission; measuring nanoscale thermal transport and coupled excitation dynamics; and measuring the internal electric field and charge density distribution of quantum heterointerfaces- all at the quantum materials' intrinsic atomic and near atomic-length scale. We conclude by describing open challenges for the future, including achieving stable sample holders for ultralow temperature (below 10K) atomic-scale spatial resolution, stable spectrometers that enable meV energy resolution, and high-resolution, dynamic mapping of magnetic and spin fields. With atomic manipulation and ultrafast characterization enabled by EM, quantum materials will be poised to integrate into many of the sustainable and energy-efficient technologies needed for the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parivash Moradifar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jiaojian Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road MS69, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Hendrik Utzat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tim B van Driel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road MS69, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jennifer A Dionne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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30
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Gu R, Juvé V, Laulhé C, Bouyanfif H, Vaudel G, Poirier A, Dkhil B, Hollander P, Paillard C, Weber MC, Sando D, Fusil S, Garcia V, Ruello P. Temporal and spatial tracking of ultrafast light-induced strain and polarization modulation in a ferroelectric thin film. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi1160. [PMID: 37967179 PMCID: PMC10651133 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Ultrashort light pulses induce rapid deformations of crystalline lattices. In ferroelectrics, lattice deformations couple directly to the polarization, which opens the perspective to modulate the electric polarization on an ultrafast time scale. Here, we report on the temporal and spatial tracking of strain and polar modulation in a single-domain BiFeO3 thin film by ultrashort light pulses. To map the light-induced deformation of the BiFeO3 unit cell, we perform time-resolved optical reflectivity and time-resolved x-ray diffraction. We show that an optical femtosecond laser pulse generates not only longitudinal but also shear strains. The longitudinal strain peaks at a large amplitude of 0.6%. The access of both the longitudinal and shear strains enables to quantitatively reconstruct the ultrafast deformation of the unit cell and to infer the corresponding reorientation of the ferroelectric polarization direction in space and time. Our findings open new perspectives for ultrafast manipulation of strain-coupled ferroic orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhe Gu
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Vincent Juvé
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Claire Laulhé
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Université Paris Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR8502, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Houssny Bouyanfif
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, UR2081, Université Jules Vernes Picardie, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - Gwenaëlle Vaudel
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Aurélie Poirier
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Brahim Dkhil
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS-UMR8580, Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des Solides, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Hollander
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Université Paris Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Charles Paillard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS-UMR8580, Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des Solides, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- University of Arkansas, Physics Department, 825 W Dickson St., Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Mads C. Weber
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Daniel Sando
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington 2052, Australia
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8410 New Zealand
| | - Stéphane Fusil
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91767, France
| | - Vincent Garcia
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91767, France
| | - Pascal Ruello
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
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31
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Luo J, Lin T, Zhang J, Chen X, Blackert ER, Xu R, Yakobson BI, Zhu H. Large effective magnetic fields from chiral phonons in rare-earth halides. Science 2023; 382:698-702. [PMID: 37943931 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi9601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Time-reversal symmetry (TRS) is pivotal for materials' optical, magnetic, topological, and transport properties. Chiral phonons, characterized by atoms rotating unidirectionally around their equilibrium positions, generate dynamic lattice structures that break TRS. Here, we report that coherent chiral phonons, driven by circularly polarized terahertz light pulses, polarize the paramagnetic spins in cerium fluoride in a manner similar to that of a quasi-static magnetic field on the order of 1 tesla. Through time-resolved Faraday rotation and Kerr ellipticity, we found that the transient magnetization is only excited by pulses resonant with phonons, proportional to the angular momentum of the phonons, and growing with magnetic susceptibility at cryogenic temperatures. The observation quantitatively agrees with our spin-phonon coupling model and may enable new routes to investigating ultrafast magnetism, energy-efficient spintronics, and nonequilibrium phases of matter with broken TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Blackert
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Hanyu Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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32
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Zhang S, Sun Z, Liu Q, Wang Z, Wu Q, Yue L, Xu S, Hu T, Li R, Zhou X, Yuan J, Gu G, Dong T, Wang N. Revealing the frequency-dependent oscillations in the nonlinear terahertz response induced by the Josephson current. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad163. [PMID: 37818116 PMCID: PMC10561709 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear responses of superconductors to intense terahertz radiation has been an active research frontier. Using terahertz pump-terahertz probe spectroscopy, we investigate the c-axis nonlinear optical response of a high-temperature superconducting cuprate. After excitation by a single-cycle terahertz pump pulse, the reflectivity of the probe pulse oscillates as the pump-probe delay is varied. Interestingly, the oscillatory central frequency scales linearly with the probe frequency, a fact widely overlooked in pump-probe experiments. By theoretically solving the nonlinear optical reflection problem on the interface, we show that our observation is well explained by the Josephson-type third-order nonlinear electrodynamics, together with the emission coefficient from inside the material into free space. The latter results in a strong enhancement of the emitted signal whose physical frequency is around the Josephson plasma edge. Our result offers a benchmark for and new insights into strong-field terahertz spectroscopy of related quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiaomei Liu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zixiao Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Yue
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuxiang Xu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianchen Hu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rongsheng Li
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiayu Yuan
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Genda Gu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Tao Dong
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Nanlin Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100913, China
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33
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Li N, Zhang C, Liang W, Jiang Y, Zhang XX, Mi Y, Luo SN. Resonance-enhanced excitation and relaxation dynamics of coherent phonons in Fe 1.14Te. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28941-28947. [PMID: 37855655 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03653g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Lattice dynamics plays a significant role in manipulating the unique physical properties of materials. In this work, femtosecond transient optical spectroscopy is used to investigate the generation mechanism and relaxation dynamics of coherent phonons in Fe1.14Te-a parent compound of chalcogenide superconductors. The reflectivity time series consist of the exponential decay component due to hot carriers and damped oscillations caused by the A1g phonon vibration. The vibrational frequency and dephasing time of the A1g phonons are obtained as a function of temperature. With increasing temperature, the phonon frequency decreases and can be well described with the anharmonicity model. Dephasing time is independent of temperature, indicating that the phonon dephasing is dominated by phonon-defect scattering. The impulsive stimulated Raman scattering mechanism is responsible for the coherent phonon generation. Owing to the resonance Raman effect, the maximum photosusceptibility of the A1g phonons occurs at 1.590 eV, corresponding to an electronic transition in Fe1.14Te.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenhui Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weizheng Liang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaohua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xi-Xiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yang Mi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sheng-Nian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
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34
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Miyamoto T, Kondo A, Inaba T, Morimoto T, You S, Okamoto H. Terahertz radiation by quantum interference of excitons in a one-dimensional Mott insulator. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6229. [PMID: 37833316 PMCID: PMC10575914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly monocyclic terahertz waves are used for investigating elementary excitations and for controlling electronic states in solids. They are usually generated via second-order optical nonlinearity by injecting a femtosecond laser pulse into a nonlinear optical crystal. In this framework, however, it is difficult to control phase and frequency of terahertz waves. Here, we show that in a one-dimensional Mott insulator of a nickel-bromine chain compound a terahertz wave is generated with high efficiency via strong electron modulations due to quantum interference between odd-parity and even-parity excitons produced by two-color femtosecond pulses. Using this method, one can control all of the phase, frequency, and amplitude of terahertz waves by adjusting the creation-time difference of two excitons with attosecond accuracy. This approach enables to evaluate the phase-relaxation time of excitons under strong electron correlations in Mott insulators. Moreover, phase- and frequency-controlled terahertz pulses are beneficial for coherent electronic-state controls with nearly monocyclic terahertz waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Miyamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Kondo
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inaba
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morimoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Shijia You
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.
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35
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Cui W, Yalavarthi EK, Radhan AV, Bashirpour M, Gamouras A, Ménard JM. High-field THz source centered at 2.6 THz. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:32468-32477. [PMID: 37859049 DOI: 10.1364/oe.496855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a table-top high-field terahertz (THz) source based on optical rectification of a collimated near-infrared pulse in gallium phosphide (GaP) to produce peak fields above 300 kV/cm with a spectrum centered at 2.6 THz. The experimental configuration, based on tilted-pulse-front phase matching, is implemented with a phase grating etched directly onto the front surface of the GaP crystal. Although the THz generation efficiency starts showing a saturation onset as the near-infrared pulse energy reaches 0.57 mJ, we can expect our configuration to yield THz peak fields up to 866 kV/cm when a 5 mJ generation NIR pulse is used. This work paves the way towards broadband, high-field THz sources able to access a new class of THz coherent control and nonlinear phenomena driven at frequencies above 2 THz.
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36
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Zhang Z, Zhang J, Liu ZJ, Dahod NS, Paritmongkol W, Brown N, Stollmann A, Lee WS, Chien YC, Dai Z, Nelson KA, Tisdale WA, Rappe AM, Baldini E. Discovery of enhanced lattice dynamics in a single-layered hybrid perovskite. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg4417. [PMID: 37585532 PMCID: PMC10431705 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg4417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Layered hybrid perovskites exhibit emergent physical properties and exceptional functional performances, but the coexistence of lattice order and structural disorder severely hinders our understanding of these materials. One unsolved problem regards how the lattice dynamics are affected by the dimensional engineering of the inorganic frameworks and their interaction with the molecular moieties. Here, we address this question by using a combination of spontaneous Raman scattering, terahertz spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations. This approach reveals the structural dynamics in and out of equilibrium and provides unexpected observables that differentiate single- and double-layered perovskites. While no distinct vibrational coherence is observed in double-layered perovskites, an off-resonant terahertz pulse can drive a long-lived coherent phonon mode in the single-layered system. This difference highlights the dramatic change in the lattice environment as the dimension is reduced, and the findings pave the way for ultrafast structural engineering and high-speed optical modulators based on layered perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuquan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zi-Jie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nabeel S. Dahod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Watcharaphol Paritmongkol
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Niamh Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexia Stollmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Woo Seok Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu-Che Chien
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhenbang Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keith A. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - William A. Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew M. Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edoardo Baldini
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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37
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Xu R, Lin T, Luo J, Chen X, Blackert ER, Moon AR, JeBailey KM, Zhu H. Phonon Polaritonics in Broad Terahertz Frequency Range with Quantum Paraelectric SrTiO 3. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302974. [PMID: 37334883 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Photonics in the frequency range of 5-15 terahertz (THz) potentially open a new realm of quantum materials manipulation and biosensing. This range, sometimes called "the new terahertz gap", is traditionally difficult to access due to prevalent phonon absorption bands in solids. Low-loss phonon-polariton materials may realize sub-wavelength, on-chip photonic devices, but typically operate in mid-infrared frequencies with narrow bandwidths and are difficult to manufacture on a large scale. Here, for the first time, quantum paraelectric SrTiO3 enables broadband surface phonon-polaritonic devices in 7-13 THz. As a proof of concept, polarization-independent field concentrators are designed and fabricated to locally enhance intense, multicycle THz pulses by a factor of 6 and increase the spectral intensity by over 90 times. The time-resolved electric field inside the concentrators is experimentally measured by THz-field-induced second harmonic generation. Illuminated by a table-top light source, the average field reaches 0.5 GV m-1 over a large volume resolvable by far-field optics. These results potentially enable scalable THz photonics with high breakdown fields made of various commercially available phonon-polariton crystals for studying driven phases in quantum materials and nonlinear molecular spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jiaming Luo
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Blackert
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Alyssa R Moon
- Nanotechnology Research Experience for Undergraduates (Nano REU) Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Khalil M JeBailey
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Hanyu Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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38
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Liu W, Liu H, Wang Z, Li S, Wang L, Luo J. Inverse Design of Light Manipulating Structural Phase Transition in Solids. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:6647-6657. [PMID: 37462525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective focuses on recent advances in understanding ultrafast processes involved in photoinduced structural phase transitions and proposes a strategy for precise manipulation of such transitions. It has been demonstrated that photoexcited carriers occupying empty antibonding or bonding states generate atomic driving forces that lead to either stretching or shortening of associated bonds, which in turn induce collective and coherent motions of atoms and yield structural transitions. For instance, phase transitions in IrTe2 and VO2, and nonthermal melting in Si, can be explained by the occupation of specific local bonding or antibonding states during laser excitation. These cases reveal the electronic-orbital-selective nature of laser-induced structural transitions. Based on this understanding, we propose an inverse design protocol for achieving or preventing a target structural transition by controlling the related electron occupations with orbital-selective photoexcitation. Overall, this Perspective provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in dynamical structural control in solid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shushen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linwang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junwei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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39
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Di Virgilio L, Geuchies JJ, Kim H, Krewer K, Wang H, Grechko M, Bonn M. Controlling the electro-optic response of a semiconducting perovskite coupled to a phonon-resonant cavity. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:183. [PMID: 37491336 PMCID: PMC10368682 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Optical cavities, resonant with vibrational or electronic transitions of material within the cavity, enable control of light-matter interaction. Previous studies have reported cavity-induced modifications of chemical reactivity, fluorescence, phase behavior, and charge transport. Here, we explore the effect of resonant cavity-phonon coupling on the transient photoconductivity in a hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite. To this end, we measure the ultrafast photoconductivity response of perovskite in a tunable Fabry-Pérot terahertz cavity, designed to be transparent for optical excitation. The terahertz-cavity field-phonon interaction causes apparent Rabi splitting between the perovskite phonon mode and the cavity mode. We explore whether the cavity-phonon interaction affects the material's electron-phonon interaction by determining the charge-carrier mobility through photoconductivity. Despite the apparent hybridization of cavity and phonon modes, we show that the perovskite properties in both ground (phonon response) and excited (photoconductive response) states remain unaffected by the tunable light-matter interaction. Yet the response of the integral perovskite-terahertz optical cavity system depends critically on the interaction strength of the cavity with the phonon: the transient terahertz response to optical excitation can be increased up to threefold by tuning the cavity-perovskite interaction strength. These results enable tunable switches and frequency-controlled induced transparency devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Di Virgilio
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jaco J Geuchies
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heejae Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, 37673, Pohang, Korea
| | - Keno Krewer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maksim Grechko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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40
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Banks PA, Kleist EM, Ruggiero MT. Investigating the function and design of molecular materials through terahertz vibrational spectroscopy. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:480-495. [PMID: 37414981 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00487-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz spectroscopy has proved to be an essential tool for the study of condensed phase materials. Terahertz spectroscopy probes the low-frequency vibrational dynamics of atoms and molecules, usually in the condensed phase. These nuclear dynamics, which typically involve displacements of entire molecules, have been linked to bulk phenomena ranging from phase transformations to semiconducting efficiency. The terahertz region of the electromagnetic spectrum has historically been referred to as the 'terahertz gap', but this is a misnomer, as there exist a multitude of methods for accessing terahertz frequencies, and now there are cost-effective instruments that have made terahertz studies much more user-friendly. This Review highlights some of the most exciting applications of terahertz vibrational spectroscopy so far, and provides an in-depth overview of the methods of this technique and its utility to the study of the chemical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Banks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Elyse M Kleist
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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41
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Grishunin KA, Bilyk VR, Mishina ED, Kimel AV, Mashkovich EA. Two-dimensional terahertz spectroscopy as a tool for revealing nonlinear interactions in media. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:073005. [PMID: 37498165 DOI: 10.1063/5.0138253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Usually, the presence of multiple eigenstates (magnons and phonons) in a system makes it difficult to analyze the coupled excitation mechanism using conventional single-pulse terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. On the contrary, 2D THz spectroscopy reveals energy flows between these states, which facilitates the identification of the coupled dynamics. In this article, we provide a theoretical description of this advanced technique and an experimental demonstration of its performance in antiferromagnet CoF2. Here, 2D THz spectroscopy shows that the THz pulse induces energy transfer from the magnon mode to the Raman-active phonon mode via a nonlinear excitation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Grishunin
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - V R Bilyk
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Nanotechnology, MIREA - Russian Technological University, Prospekt Vernadskogo, 78, 119454 Moscow, Russia
| | - E D Mishina
- Department of Nanotechnology, MIREA - Russian Technological University, Prospekt Vernadskogo, 78, 119454 Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Kimel
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E A Mashkovich
- Institute of Physics II, University of Cologne, Cologne D-50937, Germany
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42
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Brekhov K, Bilyk V, Ovchinnikov A, Chefonov O, Mukhortov V, Mishina E. Resonant Excitation of the Ferroelectric Soft Mode by a Narrow-Band THz Pulse. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1961. [PMID: 37446477 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of narrow-band terahertz pulses on the ferroelectric order parameter in Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 films on various substrates. THz radiation in the range of 1-2 THz with the pulse width of about 0.15 THz was separated from a broadband pulse with the interference technique. The 375 nm thick BST film on a MgO (001) substrate exhibits enhanced THz-induced second harmonic generation when excited by THz pulses with a central frequency of 1.6 THz, due to the resonant excitation of the soft phonon mode. Conversely, the BST film on a Si (001) substrate shows no enhancement, due to its polycrystalline state. The 800 nm thick BST film on a MgO (111) substrate demonstrates the maximum of a second harmonic generation signal when excited by THz pulses at 1.8 THz, which is close to the soft mode frequency for the (111) orientation. Notably, the frequency spectrum of the BST/MgO (111) film reveals peaks at both the fundamental and doubled frequencies, and their intensities depend, respectively, linearly and quadratically on the THz pulse electric field strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Brekhov
- Department of Nanoelectronics, MIREA-Russian Technological University, Moscow 119454, Russia
| | - Vladislav Bilyk
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrey Ovchinnikov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences (JIHT), Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - Oleg Chefonov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences (JIHT), Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - Vladimir Mukhortov
- Southern Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia
| | - Elena Mishina
- Department of Nanoelectronics, MIREA-Russian Technological University, Moscow 119454, Russia
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43
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Allen JL, Sanders TJ, Horvat J, Lewis RA, Rule KC. Determination of Vibrational Modes of l-Alanine Single Crystals by a Combination of Terahertz Spectroscopy Measurements and Density Functional Calculations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:226901. [PMID: 37327443 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.226901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Density-functional theory may be used to predict both the frequency and the dipole moment of the fundamental oscillations of molecular crystals. Suitably polarized photons at those frequencies excite such oscillations. Thus, in principle, terahertz spectroscopy may confirm the calculated fundamental modes of amino acids. However, reports to date have multiple shortcomings: (a) material of uncertain purity and morphology and diluted in a binder material is employed; (b) consequently, vibrations along all crystal axes are excited simultaneously; (c) data are restricted to room temperature, where resonances are broad and the background dominant; and (d) comparison with theory has been unsatisfactory (in part because the theory assumes zero temperature). Here, we overcome all four obstacles, in reporting detailed low-temperature polarized THz spectra of single-crystal l-alanine, assigning vibrational modes using density-functional theory, and comparing the calculated dipole moment vector direction to the electric field polarization of the measured spectra. Our direct and detailed comparison of theory with experiment corrects previous mode assignments for l-alanine, and reveals unreported modes, previously obscured by closely spaced spectral absorptions. The fundamental modes are thereby determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Allen
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials and School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - T J Sanders
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials and School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - J Horvat
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials and School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - R A Lewis
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials and School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - K C Rule
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
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44
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Duan S, Xia W, Huang C, Wang S, Gu L, Liu H, Xiang D, Qian D, Guo Y, Zhang W. Ultrafast Switching from the Charge Density Wave Phase to a Metastable Metallic State in 1T-TiSe_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:226501. [PMID: 37327423 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.226501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast electronic structures of the charge density wave material 1T-TiSe_{2} were investigated by high-resolution time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We found that the quasiparticle populations drove ultrafast electronic phase transitions in 1T-TiSe_{2} within 100 fs after photoexcitation, and a metastable metallic state, which was significantly different from the equilibrium normal phase, was evidenced far below the charge density wave transition temperature. Detailed time- and pump-fluence-dependent experiments revealed that the photoinduced metastable metallic state was a result of the halted motion of the atoms through the coherent electron-phonon coupling process, and the lifetime of this state was prolonged to picoseconds with the highest pump fluence used in this study. Ultrafast electronic dynamics were well captured by the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau model. Our work demonstrates a mechanism for realizing novel electronic states by photoinducing coherent motion of atoms in the lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chaozhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shichong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lingxiao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dao Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yanfeng Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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45
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Warshauer JA, Bustamante Lopez DA, Dong Q, Chen G, Hu W. Transient gap generation in BaFe 2As 2 driven by coherent lattice vibrations. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad164. [PMID: 37266397 PMCID: PMC10230283 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Iron-based superconductors provide a rich platform to investigate the interplay between unconventional superconductivity, nematicity, and magnetism. The electronic structure and the magnetic properties of iron-based superconductors are highly sensitive to the pnictogen height. Coherent excitation of the A1g phonon by femtosecond laser directly modulates the pnictogen height, which has been used to control the physical properties of iron-based superconductors. Previous studies show that the driven A1g phonon resulted in a transient increase of the pnictogen height in BaFe2As2, favoring an enhanced Fe magnetic moment. However, there are no direct observations on either the enhanced Fe magnetic moments or the enhanced spin-density wave (SDW) gap. Here, we use time-resolved broadband terahertz spectroscopy to investigate the dynamics of BaFe2As2 in the A1g phonon-driven state. Below the SDW transition temperature, we observe a transient gap generation at early-time delays. A similar transient feature is observed in the normal state up to room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Warshauer
- Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, 02215 MA, USA
| | | | - Qingxin Dong
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 8 Zhongguancun 3rd South Street, 100190 Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Genfu Chen
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 8 Zhongguancun 3rd South Street, 100190 Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, 100049 Beijing, China
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46
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He X, Ma Y, Zhang C, Fu A, Hu W, Xu Y, Yu B, Liu K, Wang H, Zhang X, Xue F. Proton-mediated reversible switching of metastable ferroelectric phases with low operation voltages. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg4561. [PMID: 37224248 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg4561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of ferroelectric phase transitions enables an in-depth understanding of ferroelectric switching and promising applications in information storage. However, controllably tuning the dynamics of ferroelectric phase transitions remains challenging owing to inaccessible hidden phases. Here, using protonic gating technology, we create a series of metastable ferroelectric phases and demonstrate their reversible transitions in layered ferroelectric α-In2Se3 transistors. By varying the gate bias, protons can be incrementally injected or extracted, achieving controllable tuning of the ferroelectric α-In2Se3 protonic dynamics across the channel and obtaining numerous intermediate phases. We unexpectedly discover that the gate tuning of α-In2Se3 protonation is volatile and the created phases remain polar. Their origin, revealed by first-principles calculations, is related to the formation of metastable hydrogen-stabilized α-In2Se3 phases. Furthermore, our approach enables ultralow gate voltage switching of different phases (below 0.4 volts). This work provides a possible avenue for accessing hidden phases in ferroelectric switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yinchang Ma
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chenhui Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiping Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Weijin Hu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yang Xu
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Bin Yu
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Physics Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fei Xue
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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47
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Frenzel M, Cherasse M, Urban JM, Wang F, Xiang B, Nest L, Huber L, Perfetti L, Wolf M, Kampfrath T, Zhu XY, Maehrlein SF. Nonlinear terahertz control of the lead halide perovskite lattice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg3856. [PMID: 37224256 PMCID: PMC10208573 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have emerged as an excellent class of semiconductors for next-generation solar cells and optoelectronic devices. Tailoring physical properties by fine-tuning the lattice structures has been explored in these materials by chemical composition or morphology. Nevertheless, its dynamic counterpart, phonon-driven ultrafast material control, as contemporarily harnessed for oxide perovskites, has not yet been established. Here, we use intense THz electric fields to obtain direct lattice control via nonlinear excitation of coherent octahedral twist modes in hybrid CH3NH3PbBr3 and all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskites. These Raman-active phonons at 0.9 to 1.3 THz are found to govern the ultrafast THz-induced Kerr effect in the low-temperature orthorhombic phase and thus dominate the phonon-modulated polarizability with potential implications for dynamic charge carrier screening beyond the Fröhlich polaron. Our work opens the door to selective control of LHP's vibrational degrees of freedom governing phase transitions and dynamic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Frenzel
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Physical Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Cherasse
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Physical Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
- LSI, CEA/DRF/IRAMIS, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Joanna M. Urban
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Physical Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Feifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Leona Nest
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Physical Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucas Huber
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Luca Perfetti
- LSI, CEA/DRF/IRAMIS, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Martin Wolf
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Physical Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Kampfrath
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Physical Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - X.-Y. Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sebastian F. Maehrlein
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Physical Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
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48
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Boland JL, Damry DA, Xia CQ, Schönherr P, Prabhakaran D, Herz LM, Hesjedal T, Johnston MB. Narrowband, Angle-Tunable, Helicity-Dependent Terahertz Emission from Nanowires of the Topological Dirac Semimetal Cd 3As 2. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:1473-1484. [PMID: 37215322 PMCID: PMC10197169 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
All-optical control of terahertz pulses is essential for the development of optoelectronic devices for next-generation quantum technologies. Despite substantial research in THz generation methods, polarization control remains difficult. Here, we demonstrate that by exploiting band structure topology, both helicity-dependent and helicity-independent THz emission can be generated from nanowires of the topological Dirac semimetal Cd3As2. We show that narrowband THz pulses can be generated at oblique incidence by driving the system with optical (1.55 eV) pulses with circular polarization. Varying the incident angle also provides control of the peak emission frequency, with peak frequencies spanning 0.21-1.40 THz as the angle is tuned from 15 to 45°. We therefore present Cd3As2 nanowires as a promising novel material platform for controllable terahertz emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Boland
- Photon
Science Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Djamshid A. Damry
- Photon
Science Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Chelsea Q. Xia
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, U.K.
| | - Piet Schönherr
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, U.K.
| | - Dharmalingam Prabhakaran
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, U.K.
| | - Laura M. Herz
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, U.K.
| | - Thorsten Hesjedal
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, U.K.
| | - Michael B. Johnston
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, U.K.
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49
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Zhao R, You P, Meng S. Ring Polymer Molecular Dynamics with Electronic Transitions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:166401. [PMID: 37154659 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.166401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Full quantum dynamics of molecules and materials is of fundamental importance, which requires a faithful description of simultaneous quantum motions of the electron and nuclei. A new scheme is developed for nonadiabatic simulations of coupled electron-nuclear quantum dynamics with electronic transitions based on the Ehrenfest theorem and ring polymer molecular dynamics. Built upon the isomorphic ring polymer Hamiltonian, time-dependent multistate electronic Schrödinger equations are solved self-consistently with approximate equation of motions for nuclei. Each bead bears a distinct electronic configuration and thus moves on a specific effective potential. This independent-bead approach provides an accurate description of the real-time electronic population and quantum nuclear trajectory, maintaining a good agreement with the exact quantum solution. Implementation of first-principles calculations enables us to simulate photoinduced proton transfer in H_{2}O-H_{2}O^{+} where we find a good agreement with experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruji Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peiwei You
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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50
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Esin I, Esterlis I, Demler E, Refael G. Generating Coherent Phonon Waves in Narrow-Band Materials: A Twisted Bilayer Graphene Phaser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:147001. [PMID: 37084441 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.147001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) exhibits extremely low Fermi velocities for electrons, with the speed of sound surpassing the Fermi velocity. This regime enables the use of TBG for amplifying vibrational waves of the lattice through stimulated emission, following the same principles of operation of free-electron lasers. Our Letter proposes a lasing mechanism relying on the slow-electron bands to produce a coherent beam of acoustic phonons. We propose a device based on undulated electrons in TBG, which we dub the phaser. The device generates phonon beams in a terahertz (THz) frequency range, which can then be used to produce THz electromagnetic radiation. The ability to generate coherent phonons in solids breaks new ground in controlling quantum memories, probing quantum states, realizing nonequilibrium phases of matter, and designing new types of THz optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliya Esin
- Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Ilya Esterlis
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Eugene Demler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gil Refael
- Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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