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Xiao Y, Sun W, Gao C, Jin J, Siraj M, Yan P, Sun F, Zhang X, Wang Q, Huang W, Sheng C, Yu YF. Neural Functions Enabled by a Polarity-Switchable Nanofluidic Memristor. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:12515-12521. [PMID: 39347814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Reproducing neural functions with artificial nanofluidic systems has long been an aspirational goal for neuromorphic computing. In this study, neural functions, such as neural activation and synaptic plasticity, are successfully accomplished with a polarity-switchable nanofluidic memristor (PSNM), which is based on the anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) nanochannel array. The PSNM has unipolar memristive behavior at high electrolyte concentrations and bipolar memristive behavior at low electrolyte concentrations, which can emulate neural activation and synaptic plasticity, respectively. The mechanisms for the unipolar and bipolar memristive behaviors are related to the polyelectrolytic Wien (PEW) effect and ion accumulation/depletion effect, respectively. These findings are beneficial to the advancement of neuromorphic computing on nanofluidic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Xiao
- School of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- China Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Weiling Sun
- School of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- School of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Juncheng Jin
- School of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Muhammad Siraj
- School of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Pingyuan Yan
- School of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wei Huang
- China Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chuanxiang Sheng
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ye Feng Yu
- School of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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2
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Yu SY, Hu J, Li Z, Xu YT, Yuan C, Jiang D, Zhao WW. Metal-Organic Framework Nanofluidic Synapse. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:27022-27029. [PMID: 39292646 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Chemical synapse completes the signaling through neurotransmitter-mediated ion flux, the emulation of which has been a long-standing obstacle in neuromorphic exploration. Here, we report metal-organic framework (MOF) nanofluidic synapses in which conjugated MOFs with abundant ionic storage sites underlie the ionic hysteresis and simultaneously serve as catalase mimetics that sensitively respond to neurotransmitter glutamate (Glu). Various neurosynaptic patterns with adaptable weights are realized via Glu-mediated chemical/ionic coupling. In particular, nonlinear Hebbian and anti-Hebbian learning in millisecond time ranges are achieved, akin to those of chemical synapses. Reversible biochemical in-memory encoding via enzymatic Glu clearance is also accomplished. Such results are prerequisites for highly bionic electrolytic computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi-Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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3
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Tang P, Jing P, Luo Z, Liu K, Zhao X, Lao Y, Yao Q, Zhong C, Fu Q, Zhu J, Liu Y, Dou Q, Yan X. Constructing a supercapacitor-memristor through non-linear ion transport in MOF nanochannels. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae322. [PMID: 39386084 PMCID: PMC11462086 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The coexistence and coupling of capacitive and memristive effects have been an important subject of scientific interest. While the capacitive effect in memristors has been extensively studied, the reciprocal scenario of the memristive effect in capacitors remains unexplored. In this study, we introduce a supercapacitor-memristor (CAPistor) concept, which is constructed by leveraging non-linear ion transport within the pores of a metal-organic framework zeolitic-imidazolate framework (ZIF-7). Within the nanochannels of the ZIF-7 electrode in an aqueous pseudocapacitor, the anionic species (OH-) of the electrolyte can be enriched and dissipated in different voltage regimes. This difference leads to a hysteresis effect in ion conductivity, constituting a memristive behavior in the pseudocapacitor. Thus, the pseudocapacitor-converted CAPistor seamlessly integrates the programmable resistance and memory functions of an ionic memristor into a supercapacitor, demonstrating enormous potential to extend the traditional energy storage applications of supercapacitors into emerging fields, including biomimetic nanofluidic ionics and neuromorphic computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Pengwei Jing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhiyuan Luo
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Kekang Liu
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhao
- Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yining Lao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qianqian Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chuyi Zhong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qingfeng Fu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanghui Liu
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Qingyun Dou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xingbin Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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4
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Zhang S, Fu L, Xie Y. Counterion Blockade in a Heterogeneously Charged Single-File Water Channel. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:9206-9212. [PMID: 39262198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c03773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The Possion-Nernst-Planck theories fail to describe the ionic transport in Angstrom channels, where conduction deviates from Ohm's law, which is attributed to the dehydration/self-energy barrier and dissociation of Bjerrum ion pairs in previous work. Here, we find that the cations can be strongly bound to the surface charge, which blocks the ionic transport in a single-file water channel, causing nonlinear current-voltage curves. The presence of free ions significantly increases the probability of bound ions being released, resulting in an ionic current. We find that ionic conduction gradually becomes Ohmic as the surface charge density increases, but the conduction amplitude decreases due to the increased friction from the bound ions. We rationalize the ionic transport using 1D Kramers' escape theory framework, which describes nonlinear ionic current and the impact of surface charge density on the I-V curves. Our results show that the strong Coulomb interaction between the counterion and surface charge may cause ionic blockade in Angstrom channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusong Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Li Fu
- Univ Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CNRS, ENTPE, LTDS, UMR5513, 69130 Ecully, France
| | - Yanbo Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Aircraft Configuration Design, School of Aeronautics and Institute of Extreme Mechanics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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5
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Zheng J, Yang C, Wang D. Scan-Rate-Dependent Ion Current Rectification in Bipolar Interfacial Nanopores. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:1176. [PMID: 39337836 PMCID: PMC11433788 DOI: 10.3390/mi15091176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a theoretical investigation into the voltammetric behavior of bipolar interfacial nanopores due to the effect of potential scan rate (1-1000 V/s). Finite element method (FEM) is utilized to explore the current-voltage (I-V) properties of bipolar interfacial nanopores at different bulk salt concentrations. The results demonstrate a strong impact of the scan rate on the I-V response of bipolar interfacial nanopores, particularly at relatively low concentrations. Hysteresis loops are observed in bipolar interfacial nanopores under specific scan rates and potential ranges and divided by a cross-point potential that remains unaffected by the scan rate employed. This indicates that the current in bipolar interfacial nanopores is not just reliant on the bias potential that is imposed but also on the previous conditions within the nanopore, exhibiting history-dependent or memory effects. This scan-rate-dependent current-voltage response is found to be significantly influenced by the length of the nanopore (membrane thickness). Thicker membranes exhibit a more pronounced scan-rate-dependent phenomenon, as the mass transfer of ionic species is slower relative to the potential scan rate. Additionally, unlike conventional bipolar nanopores, the ion current passing through bipolar interfacial nanopores is minimally affected by the membrane thickness, making it easier to detect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- School of Smart Health, Chongqing Polytechnic University of Electronic Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China;
| | - Jiahui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (J.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (J.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China;
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6
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Niu Y, Ma Y, Xie Y. Soft Memristor at a Microbubble Interface. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:10475-10481. [PMID: 39116301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Memristors show promising features for neuromorphic computing. Here we report a soft memristor based on the liquid-vapor surface of a microbubble. The thickness of the liquid film was modulated by electrostatic and interfacial forces, enabling resistance switches. We found a pinched current hysteresis at scanning periods between 1.6 and 51.2 s, while representing a resistor below 1.6 s and a diode-like behavior above 51.2 s. We approximate the thickening/thinning dynamics of liquid film by pressure-driven flow at the interface and derived the impacts of salt concentration and voltage amplitude on the memory effects. Our work opens a new approach to building nanofluidic memristors by a soft interface, which may be useful for new types of neuromorphic computing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueke Niu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yu Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yanbo Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Aircraft Configuration Design, School of Aeronautics and Institute of Extreme Mechanics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
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7
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Markiewitz DM, Goodwin ZAH, McEldrew M, Pedro de Souza J, Zhang X, Espinosa-Marzal RM, Bazant MZ. Electric field induced associations in the double layer of salt-in-ionic-liquid electrolytes. Faraday Discuss 2024. [PMID: 39176453 DOI: 10.1039/d4fd00021h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are an extremely exciting class of electrolytes for energy storage applications. Upon dissolving alkali metal salts, such as Li or Na based salts, with the same anion as the IL, an intrinsically asymmetric electrolyte can be created for use in batteries, known as a salt-in-ionic liquid (SiIL). These SiILs have been well studied in the bulk, where negative transference numbers of the alkali metal cation have been observed from the formation of small, negatively charged clusters. The properties of these SiILs at electrified interfaces, however, have received little to no attention. Here, we develop a theory for the electrical double layer (EDL) of SiILs where we consistently account for the thermoreversible association of ions into Cayley tree aggregates. The theory predicts that the IL cations first populate the EDL at negative voltages, as they are not strongly bound to the anions. However, at large negative voltages, which are strong enough to break the alkali metal cation-anion associations, these IL cations are exchanged for the alkali metal cation because of their higher charge density. At positive voltages, we find that the SiIL actually becomes more aggregated while screening the electrode charge from the formation of large, negatively charged aggregates. Therefore, in contrast to conventional intuition of associations in the EDL, SiILs appear to become more associated in certain electric fields. We present these theoretical predictions to be verified by molecular dynamics simulations and experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Markiewitz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - Zachary A H Goodwin
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Michael McEldrew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - J Pedro de Souza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
- Omenn-Darling Bioengineering Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Rosa M Espinosa-Marzal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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8
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Curk T, Leyva SG, Pagonabarraga I. Discontinuous Transition in Electrolyte Flow through Charge-Patterned Nanochannels. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:078201. [PMID: 39213551 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.078201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the flow of an electrolyte through a rigid nanochannel decorated with a surface charge pattern. Employing lattice Boltzmann and dissipative particle dynamics methods, as well as analytical theory, we show that the electrohydrodynamic coupling leads to two distinct flow regimes. The accompanying discontinuous transition between slow, ionic, and fast, Poiseuille flows is observed at intermediate ion concentrations, channel widths, and electrostatic coupling strengths. These findings indicate routes to design nanochannels containing a typical aqueous electrolyte that exhibit a digital on-off flux response, which could be useful for nanofluidics and ionotronic applications.
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Bisquert J, Sánchez-Mateu M, Bou A, Suwen Law C, Santos A. Synaptic Response of Fluidic Nanopores: The Connection of Potentiation with Hysteresis. Chemphyschem 2024:e202400265. [PMID: 39119992 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Iontronic fluidic ionic/electronic components are emerging as promising elements for artificial brain-like computation systems. Nanopore ionic rectifiers can be operated as a synapse element, exhibiting conductance modulation in response to a train of voltage impulses, thus producing programmable resistive states. We propose a model that replicates hysteresis, rectification, and time domain response properties, based on conductance modulation between two conducting modes and a relaxation time of the state variable. We show that the kinetic effects observed in hysteresis loops govern the potentiation phenomena related to conductivity modulation. To illustrate the efficacy of the model, we apply it to replicate rectification, hysteresis and conductance modulation of two different experimental systems: a polymer membrane with conical pores, and a blind-hole nanoporous anodic alumina membrane with a barrier oxide layer. We show that the time transient analysis of the model develops the observed potentiation and depression phenomena of the synaptic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bisquert
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Av. dels Tarongers, 46022, València, Spain
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castelló, Spain
| | - Marc Sánchez-Mateu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castelló, Spain
| | - Agustín Bou
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cheryl Suwen Law
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
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Liu Y, Song Y, Wu P. Self-Evolving Hierarchical Hydrogel Fibers with Circadian Rhythms and Memory Functions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2404506. [PMID: 38837474 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The fusion of hierarchical tissues at interfaces, incorporating ultrafast selective transport channels, enables efficient matter exchange and energy transfer across multiscale structures in living organisms. However, achieving these characteristics simultaneously in an artificial multimaterial system is challenging. Here, this work presents a multimaterial hydrogel fiber with a hierarchical structure of interface fusion, which forms spontaneously through in situ hierarchy evolution induced by ionic cross-linking and molecular shear flow. Water transport occurs in the angstrom-scale confined slits created by aligned cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) by direct Coulomb knock-on, resembling Newton's cradle motion. The fusion of interfaces enables high-efficiency water transport across multiscale layers, combined with Newton's cradle-like collective water motion, creating a highly sensitive negative feedback loop within the fiber. These fibers exhibit integrated behaviors of time-space perception, short-term memory and adaptive changes in shape. Additionally, they demonstrate rhythm characteristics, changing periodically in a 24-h day-night cycle. Composed of natural building blocks, these hierarchical hydrogel fibers exhibit a memristor effect similar to that of an elementary neuron, making them promising for applications in seamless on-skin and implantable bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibres and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yuanzhu Song
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibres and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibres and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
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Xu G, Zhang M, Mei T, Liu W, Wang L, Xiao K. Nanofluidic Ionic Memristors. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39022809 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms use ions and small molecules as information carriers to communicate with the external environment at ultralow power consumption. Inspired by biological systems, artificial ion-based devices have emerged in recent years to try to realize efficient information-processing paradigms. Nanofluidic ionic memristors, memory resistors based on confined fluidic systems whose internal ionic conductance states depend on the historical voltage, have attracted broad attention and are used as neuromorphic devices for computing. Despite their high exposure, nanofluidic ionic memristors are still in the initial stage. Therefore, systematic guidance for developing and reasonably designing ionic memristors is necessary. This review systematically summarizes the history, mechanisms, and potential applications of nanofluidic ionic memristors. The essential challenges in the field and the outlook for the future potential applications of nanofluidic ionic memristors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoheng Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Miliang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Mei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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12
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Wang K, Wu J, Wang M, Zhang F, Li X, Xu M, Zhu D, Han J, Liu J, Liu Z, Huang W. A Biodegradable, Stretchable, Healable, and Self-Powered Optoelectronic Synapse Based on Ionic Gelatins for Neuromorphic Vision System. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404566. [PMID: 38963158 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Optoelectronic synapses have gained increasing attentions as a fundamental building block in the development of neuromorphic visual systems. However, it remains a challenge to integrate multiple functions into a single optoelectronic synapse that can be widely applied in wearable artificial intelligence and implantable neuromorphic vision systems. In this study, a stretchable optoelectronic synapse based on biodegradable ionic gelatin heterojunction is successfully developed. This device exhibits self-powered synaptic plasticity behavior with broad spectral response and excellent elastic properties, yet it degrades rapidly upon disposal. After complete cleavage, the device can be fully repaired within 1 min, which is mainly attributed to the non-covalent interactions between different molecular chains. Moreover, the recovery and reprocessing of the ionic gelatins result in optoelectronic properties that are virtually indistinguishable from their original state, showcasing the resilience and durability of ionic gelatins. The combination of biodegradability, stretchability, self-healing, zero-power consumption, ease of large-scale preparation, and low cost makes the work a major step forward in the development of biodegradable and stretchable optoelectronic synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jicai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Fa Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Duoyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jikun Han
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Juqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhengdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
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13
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Wang W, Liang Y, Ma Y, Shi D, Xie Y. Memristive Characteristics in an Asymmetrically Charged Nanochannel. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6852-6858. [PMID: 38917304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The emergent nanofluidic memristor provides a promising way of emulating neuromorphic functions in the brain. The conical-shaped nanopore showed promising features for a nanofluidic memristor, inspiring us to investigate the memory effects in asymmetrically charged nanochannels due to their high current rectification, which may result in good memory effects. Here, the memory effects of an asymmetrically charged nanofluidic channel were numerically simulated by Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations. Our results showed that the I-V curves represented a diode in low scanning frequency and then became a memristor and finally a resistor as frequency increased. We successfully replicated the learning behavior in our system with history-dependent ion redistribution in the nanochannel. Some critical factors were quantitatively analyzed for the memory effects including voltage amplitude, optimal frequency, and Dukhin number. Experimental characterizations were also carried out. Our findings are useful for the design of nanofluidic memristors by the principle of enrichment and depletion as well as the determination of the best memory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710129, P. R. China
| | - Yizheng Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710129, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710129, P. R. China
| | - Deli Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710129, P. R. China
| | - Yanbo Xie
- School of Aeronautics and Institute of Extreme Mechanics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, P. R. China
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14
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O’Neill N, Shi BX, Fong K, Michaelides A, Schran C. To Pair or not to Pair? Machine-Learned Explicitly-Correlated Electronic Structure for NaCl in Water. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6081-6091. [PMID: 38820256 PMCID: PMC11181334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The extent of ion pairing in solution is an important phenomenon to rationalize transport and thermodynamic properties of electrolytes. A fundamental measure of this pairing is the potential of mean force (PMF) between solvated ions. The relative stabilities of the paired and solvent shared states in the PMF and the barrier between them are highly sensitive to the underlying potential energy surface. However, direct application of accurate electronic structure methods is challenging, since long simulations are required. We develop wave function based machine learning potentials with the random phase approximation (RPA) and second order Møller-Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory for the prototypical system of Na and Cl ions in water. We show both methods in agreement, predicting the paired and solvent shared states to have similar energies (within 0.2 kcal/mol). We also provide the same benchmarks for different DFT functionals as well as insight into the PMF based on simple analyses of the interactions in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh O’Neill
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
- Lennard-Jones
Centre, University of Cambridge, Trinity Ln, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin X. Shi
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Lennard-Jones
Centre, University of Cambridge, Trinity Ln, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Kara Fong
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Lennard-Jones
Centre, University of Cambridge, Trinity Ln, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Lennard-Jones
Centre, University of Cambridge, Trinity Ln, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Schran
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
- Lennard-Jones
Centre, University of Cambridge, Trinity Ln, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
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15
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Zhang Z, Sabbagh B, Chen Y, Yossifon G. Geometrically Scalable Iontronic Memristors: Employing Bipolar Polyelectrolyte Gels for Neuromorphic Systems. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15025-15034. [PMID: 38804641 PMCID: PMC11171754 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Iontronics that are capable of mimicking the functionality of biological systems within an artificial fluidic network have long been pursued for biomedical applications and ion-based intelligence systems. Here, we report on facile and robust realization of iontronic bipolar memristors featuring a three-layer polyelectrolyte gel structure. Significant memristive hysteresis of ion currents was successfully accomplished, and the memory time proved geometrically scalable from 200 to 4000 s. These characteristics were enabled by the ion concentration polarization-induced rectification ratio within the polyelectrolyte gels. The memristors exhibited memory dynamics akin to those observed in unipolar devices, while the bipolar structure notably enabled prolonged memory time and enhanced the ion conductance switching ratio with mesoscale (10-1000 μm) geometry precision. These properties endow the devices with the capability of effective neuromorphic processing with pulse-based input voltage signals. Owing to their simple fabrication process and superior memristive performance, the presented iontronic bipolar memristors are versatile and can be easily integrated into small-scale iontronic circuits, thereby facilitating advanced neuromorphic computing functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhang
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical
Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Barak Sabbagh
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion−Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical
Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Gilad Yossifon
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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16
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Ling Y, Yu L, Guo Z, Bian F, Wang Y, Wang X, Hou Y, Hou X. Single-Pore Nanofluidic Logic Memristor with Reconfigurable Synaptic Functions and Designable Combinations. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14558-14565. [PMID: 38755097 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The biological neural network is a highly efficient in-memory computing system that integrates memory and logical computing functions within synapses. Moreover, reconfiguration by environmental chemical signals endows biological neural networks with dynamic multifunctions and enhanced efficiency. Nanofluidic memristors have emerged as promising candidates for mimicking synaptic functions, owing to their similarity to synapses in the underlying mechanisms of ion signaling in ion channels. However, realizing chemical signal-modulated logic functions in nanofluidic memristors, which is the basis for brain-like computing applications, remains unachieved. Here, we report a single-pore nanofluidic logic memristor with reconfigurable logic functions. Based on the different degrees of protonation and deprotonation of functional groups on the inner surface of the single pore, the modulation of the memristors and the reconfiguration of logic functions are realized. More noteworthy, this single-pore nanofluidic memristor can not only avoid the average effects in multipore but also act as a fundamental component in constructing complex neural networks through series and parallel circuits, which lays the groundwork for future artificial nanofluidic neural networks. The implementation of dynamic synaptic functions, modulation of logic gates by chemical signals, and diverse combinations in single-pore nanofluidic memristors opens up new possibilities for their applications in brain-inspired computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lejian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ziwen Guo
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fazhou Bian
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Materials Research, Jiujiang Research Institute, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yanqiong Wang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yaqi Hou
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Materials Research, Jiujiang Research Institute, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361102, China
- Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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17
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Liang X, Zhou Y, Zhu W, Xu WW, Francisco JS, Zeng XC, Zhao W. Formation of compounds with diverse polyelectrolyte morphologies and nonlinear ion conductance in a two-dimensional nanofluidic channel. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8170-8180. [PMID: 38817585 PMCID: PMC11134406 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01071j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Aqueous electrolytes subjected to angstrom-scale confinement have recently attracted increasing interest because of their distinctive structural and transport properties, as well as their promising applicability in bioinspired nanofluidic iontronics and ion batteries. Here, we performed microsecond-scale molecular dynamics simulations, which provided evidence of nonlinear ionic conductance under an external lateral electric field due to the self-assembly of cations and anions with diverse polyelectrolyte morphologies (e.g., extremely large ion clusters) in aqueous solutions within angstrom-scale slits. Specifically, we found that the cations and anions of Li2SO4 and CaSO4 formed chain-like polyelectrolyte structures, whereas those of Na2SO4 and MgSO4 predominantly formed a monolayer of hydrated salt. Additionally, the cations and anions of K2SO4 assembled into a hexagonal anhydrous ionic crystal. These ion-dependent diverse polyelectrolyte morphologies stemmed from the enhanced Coulomb interactions, weakened hydration and steric constraints within the angstrom-scale slits. More importantly, once the monolayer hydrated salt or ionic crystal structure was formed, the field-induced ion current exhibited an intriguing gating effect at a low field strength. This abnormal ion transport was attributed to the concerted movement of cations and anions within the solid polyelectrolytes, leading to the suppression of ion currents. When the electric field exceeded a critical strength, however, the ion current surged rapidly due to the dissolution of many cations and anions within a few nanoseconds in the aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liang
- Department of Physics, Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Weiduo Zhu
- Department of Physics, Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Wen Wu Xu
- Department of Physics, Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong China
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- Department of Physics, Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
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18
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Li P, Liu J, Yuan JH, Guo Y, Wang S, Zhang P, Wang W. Artificial Funnel Nanochannel Device Emulates Synaptic Behavior. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6192-6200. [PMID: 38666542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Creating artificial synapses that can interact with biological neural systems is critical for developing advanced intelligent systems. However, there are still many difficulties, including device morphology and fluid selection. Based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical System technologies, we utilized two immiscible electrolytes to form a liquid/liquid interface at the tip of a funnel nanochannel, effectively enabling a wafer-level fabrication, interactions between multiple information carriers, and electron-to-chemical signal transitions. The distinctive ionic transport properties successfully achieved a hysteresis in ionic transport, resulting in adjustable multistage conductance gradient and synaptic functions. Notably, the device is similar to biological systems in terms of structure and signal carriers, especially for the low operating voltage (200 mV), which matches the biological neural potential (∼110 mV). This work lays the foundation for realizing the function of iontronics neuromorphic computing at ultralow operating voltages and in-memory computing, which can break the limits of information barriers for brain-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyue Li
- School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hui Yuan
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yechang Guo
- School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaofeng Wang
- School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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19
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Yang R, Balogun Y, Ake S, Baram D, Brown W, Wang G. Negative Differential Resistance in Conical Nanopore Iontronic Memristors. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13183-13190. [PMID: 38695449 PMCID: PMC11099999 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Emerging ion transport dynamics with memory effects at nanoscale solution-substrate interfaces offers a unique opportunity to overcome the bottlenecks in traditional computational architectures, trade-offs in selectivity and throughput in separation, and electrochemical energy conversions. Negative differential resistance (NDR), a decrease in conductance with increasing potential, constitutes a new function from the perspective of time-dependent instead of steady-state nanoscale electrokinetic ion transport but remains unexplored in ionotronics to develop higher-order complexity and advanced capabilities. Herein, NDR is introduced in hysteretic and rectified ion transport through single conical nanopipettes (NPs) as ionic memristors. Deterministic and chaotic behaviors are controlled via an electric field as the sole stimulus. The NDR arises fundamentally from the availability and redistribution of the ionic charges during the hysteretic and rectified transport at asymmetric nanointerfaces. The elucidated mechanism is generalizable, and the drastically simplified operations enable tunable state-switching dynamics with higher-order complexity besides the first-order synaptic functions in multiple excitatory and inhibitory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Yusuff Balogun
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Sarah Ake
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Dipak Baram
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | | | - Gangli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
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20
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Pireddu G, Fairchild CJ, Niblett SP, Cox SJ, Rotenberg B. Impedance of nanocapacitors from molecular simulations to understand the dynamics of confined electrolytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318157121. [PMID: 38662549 PMCID: PMC11067016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318157121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoelectrochemical devices have become a promising candidate technology across various applications, including sensing and energy storage, and provide new platforms for studying fundamental properties of electrode/electrolyte interfaces. In this work, we employ constant-potential molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the impedance of gold-aqueous electrolyte nanocapacitors, exploiting a recently introduced fluctuation-dissipation relation. In particular, we relate the frequency-dependent impedance of these nanocapacitors to the complex conductivity of the bulk electrolyte in different regimes, and use this connection to design simple but accurate equivalent circuit models. We show that the electrode/electrolyte interfacial contribution is essentially capacitive and that the electrolyte response is bulk-like even when the interelectrode distance is only a few nanometers, provided that the latter is sufficiently large compared to the Debye screening length. We extensively compare our simulation results with spectroscopy experiments and predictions from analytical theories. In contrast to experiments, direct access in simulations to the ionic and solvent contributions to the polarization allows us to highlight their significant and persistent anticorrelation and to investigate the microscopic origin of the timescales observed in the impedance spectrum. This work opens avenues for the molecular interpretation of impedance measurements, and offers valuable contributions for future developments of accurate coarse-grained representations of confined electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pireddu
- Physico-Chimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Physicochimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux (PHENIX), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, ParisF-75005, France
| | - Connie J. Fairchild
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel P. Niblett
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Cox
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Rotenberg
- Physico-Chimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Physicochimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux (PHENIX), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, ParisF-75005, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie, Fédération de Recherche CNRS 3459, Amiens Cedex80039, France
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21
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Kamsma TM, Kim J, Kim K, Boon WQ, Spitoni C, Park J, van Roij R. Brain-inspired computing with fluidic iontronic nanochannels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320242121. [PMID: 38657046 PMCID: PMC11067030 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320242121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain's remarkable and efficient information processing capability is driving research into brain-inspired (neuromorphic) computing paradigms. Artificial aqueous ion channels are emerging as an exciting platform for neuromorphic computing, representing a departure from conventional solid-state devices by directly mimicking the brain's fluidic ion transport. Supported by a quantitative theoretical model, we present easy-to-fabricate tapered microchannels that embed a conducting network of fluidic nanochannels between a colloidal structure. Due to transient salt concentration polarization, our devices are volatile memristors (memory resistors) that are remarkably stable. The voltage-driven net salt flux and accumulation, that underpin the concentration polarization, surprisingly combine into a diffusionlike quadratic dependence of the memory retention time on the channel length, allowing channel design for a specific timescale. We implement our device as a synaptic element for neuromorphic reservoir computing. Individual channels distinguish various time series, that together represent (handwritten) numbers, for subsequent in silico classification with a simple readout function. Our results represent a significant step toward realizing the promise of fluidic ion channels as a platform to emulate the rich aqueous dynamics of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim M. Kamsma
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584, The Netherlands
- Mathematical Institute, Department of Mathematics, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584, The Netherlands
| | - Jaehyun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Willem Q. Boon
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584, The Netherlands
| | - Cristian Spitoni
- Mathematical Institute, Department of Mathematics, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584, The Netherlands
| | - Jungyul Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul04107, Republic of Korea
| | - René van Roij
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584, The Netherlands
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22
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Fong KD, Sumić B, O’Neill N, Schran C, Grey CP, Michaelides A. The Interplay of Solvation and Polarization Effects on Ion Pairing in Nanoconfined Electrolytes. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24. [PMID: 38592099 PMCID: PMC11057028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The nature of ion-ion interactions in electrolytes confined to nanoscale pores has important implications for energy storage and separation technologies. However, the physical effects dictating the structure of nanoconfined electrolytes remain debated. Here we employ machine-learning-based molecular dynamics simulations to investigate ion-ion interactions with density functional theory level accuracy in a prototypical confined electrolyte, aqueous NaCl within graphene slit pores. We find that the free energy of ion pairing in highly confined electrolytes deviates substantially from that in bulk solutions, observing a decrease in contact ion pairing but an increase in solvent-separated ion pairing. These changes arise from an interplay of ion solvation effects and graphene's electronic structure. Notably, the behavior observed from our first-principles-level simulations is not reproduced even qualitatively with the classical force fields conventionally used to model these systems. The insight provided in this work opens new avenues for predicting and controlling the structure of nanoconfined electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara D. Fong
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Sumić
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Niamh O’Neill
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Schran
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 OHE, United
Kingdom
| | - Clare P. Grey
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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23
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Khandagale P, Garcia-Cervera C, deBotton G, Breitzman T, Majidi C, Dayal K. Statistical field theory of polarizable polymer chains with nonlocal dipolar interactions. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:044501. [PMID: 38755880 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.044501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The electromechanical response of polymeric soft matter to applied electric fields is of fundamental scientific interest as well as relevant to technologies for sensing and actuation. Several existing theoretical and numerical approaches for polarizable polymers subject to a combined applied electric field and stretch are based on discrete monomer models. In these models, accounting for the interactions between the induced dipoles on monomers is challenging due to the nonlocality of these interactions. On the other hand, the framework of statistical field theory provides a continuous description of polymer chains that potentially enables a tractable way to account for these interactions. However, prior formulations using this framework have been restricted to the case of weak anisotropy of the monomer polarizability. This paper formulates a general approach based in the framework of statistical field theory to account for the nonlocal nature of the dipolar interactions without any restrictions on the anisotropy or nonlinearity of the polarizability of the monomer. The approach is based on three key elements: (1) the statistical field theory framework, in which the discrete monomers are regularized to a continuous dipole distribution, (2) a replacement of the nonlocal dipole-dipole interactions by the local electrostatics partial differential equation with the continuous dipole distribution as the forcing, and (3) the use of a completely general relation between the polarization and the local electric field. Rather than treat the dipole-dipole interactions directly, the continuous description in the field theory enables the computationally tractable nonlocal-to-local transformation. Further, it enables the use of a realistic statistical-mechanical ensemble wherein the average far-field applied electric field is prescribed, rather than prescribing the applied field at every point in the polymer domain. The model is applied, using the finite element method, to study the electromechanical response of a polymer chain in the ensemble with fixed far-field applied electric field and fixed chain stretch. The nonlocal dipolar interactions are found to increase, over the case where dipole-dipole interactions are neglected, the magnitudes of the polarization and electric field by orders of magnitude as well as significantly change their spatial distributions. Next, the effect of the relative orientation between the applied field and the chain on the local electric field and polarization is studied. The model predicts that the elastic response of the polymer chain is linear, consistent with the Gaussian approximation, and largely unchanged by the orientation of the applied electric field, though the polarization and local electric field distributions are significantly impacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Khandagale
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Carlos Garcia-Cervera
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Santa Barbara CA 93106, USA
- BCAM, Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, E48009 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Gal deBotton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben Gurion University, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben Gurion University, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Carmel Majidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Kaushik Dayal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Analysis, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
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24
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Zhou X, Zong Y, Wang Y, Sun M, Shi D, Wang W, Du G, Xie Y. Nanofluidic memristor based on the elastic deformation of nanopores with nanoparticle adsorption. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad216. [PMID: 38487493 PMCID: PMC10939365 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The memristor is the building block of neuromorphic computing. We report a new type of nanofluidic memristor based on the principle of elastic strain on polymer nanopores. With nanoparticles absorbed at the wall of a single conical polymer nanopore, we find a pinched hysteresis of the current within a scanning frequency range of 0.01-0.1 Hz, switching to a diode below 0.01 Hz and a resistor above 0.1 Hz. We attribute the current hysteresis to the elastic strain at the tip side of the nanopore, caused by electrical force on the particles adsorbed at the inner wall surface. Our simulation and analytical equations match well with experimental results, with a phase diagram for predicting the system transitions. We demonstrate the plasticity of our nanofluidic memristor to be similar to a biological synapse. Our findings pave a new way for ionic neuromorphic computing using nanofluidic memristors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yongchang Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Miao Sun
- School of Aeronautics and Institute of Extreme Mechanics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Deli Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Guanghua Du
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanbo Xie
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- School of Aeronautics and Institute of Extreme Mechanics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
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25
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Tian Y, Song Y, Xia Y, Hong J, Huang Y, Ma R, You S, Guan D, Cao D, Zhao M, Chen J, Song C, Liu K, Xu LM, Gao YQ, Wang EG, Jiang Y. Nanoscale one-dimensional close packing of interfacial alkali ions driven by water-mediated attraction. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:479-484. [PMID: 38049594 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The permeability and selectivity of biological and artificial ion channels correlate with the specific hydration structure of single ions. However, fundamental understanding of the effect of ion-ion interaction remains elusive. Here, via non-contact atomic force microscopy measurements, we demonstrate that hydrated alkali metal cations (Na+ and K+) at charged surfaces could come into close contact with each other through partial dehydration and water rearrangement processes, forming one-dimensional chain structures. We prove that the interplay at the nanoscale between the water-ion and water-water interaction can lead to an effective ion-ion attraction overcoming the ionic Coulomb repulsion. The tendency for different ions to become closely packed follows the sequence K+ > Na+ > Li+, which is attributed to their different dehydration energies and charge densities. This work highlights the key role of water molecules in prompting close packing and concerted movement of ions at charged surfaces, which may provide new insights into the mechanism of ion transport under atomic confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhi Song
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijie Xia
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiani Hong
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Huang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Runze Ma
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sifan You
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Guan
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Duanyun Cao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Chen
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Song
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Mei Xu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Qin Gao
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - En-Ge Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Institute of Physics, CAS and School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Jiang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Zuo P, Ran J, Ye C, Li X, Xu T, Yang Z. Advancing Ion Selective Membranes with Micropore Ion Channels in the Interaction Confinement Regime. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6016-6027. [PMID: 38349043 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Ion exchange membranes allowing the passage of charge-carrying ions have established their critical role in water, environmental, and energy-relevant applications. The design strategies for high-performance ion exchange membranes have evolved beyond creating microphase-separated membrane morphologies, which include advanced ion exchange membranes to ion-selective membranes. The properties and functions of ion-selective membranes have been repeatedly updated by the emergence of materials with subnanometer-sized pores and the understanding of ion movement under confined micropore ion channels. These research progresses have motivated researchers to consider even greater aims in the field, i.e., replicating the functions of ion channels in living cells with exotic materials or at least targeting fast and ion-specific transmembrane conduction. To help realize such goals, we briefly outline and comment on the fundamentals of rationally designing membrane pore channels for ultrafast and specific ion conduction, pore architecture/chemistry, and membrane materials. Challenges are discussed, and perspectives and outlooks are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Ran
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunchun Ye
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Xingya Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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27
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Wang Y, Seki T, Gkoupidenis P, Chen Y, Nagata Y, Bonn M. Aqueous chemimemristor based on proton-permeable graphene membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314347121. [PMID: 38300862 PMCID: PMC10861866 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314347121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Memristive devices, electrical elements whose resistance depends on the history of applied electrical signals, are leading candidates for future data storage and neuromorphic computing. Memristive devices typically rely on solid-state technology, while aqueous memristive devices are crucial for biology-related applications such as next-generation brain-machine interfaces. Here, we report a simple graphene-based aqueous memristive device with long-term and tunable memory regulated by reversible voltage-induced interfacial acid-base equilibria enabled by selective proton permeation through the graphene. Surface-specific vibrational spectroscopy verifies that the memory of the graphene resistivity arises from the hysteretic proton permeation through the graphene, apparent from the reorganization of interfacial water at the graphene/water interface. The proton permeation alters the surface charge density on the CaF2 substrate of the graphene, affecting graphene's electron mobility, and giving rise to synapse-like resistivity dynamics. The results pave the way for developing experimentally straightforward and conceptually simple aqueous electrolyte-based neuromorphic iontronics using two-dimensional (2D) materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, China
- Molecular Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Takakazu Seki
- Molecular Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Paschalis Gkoupidenis
- Molecular Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, China
| | - Yuki Nagata
- Molecular Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Molecular Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz55128, Germany
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28
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Coquinot B, Becker M, Netz RR, Bocquet L, Kavokine N. Collective modes and quantum effects in two-dimensional nanofluidic channels. Faraday Discuss 2024; 249:162-180. [PMID: 37779420 PMCID: PMC10845119 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00115f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale fluid transport is typically pictured in terms of atomic-scale dynamics, as is natural in the real-space framework of molecular simulations. An alternative Fourier-space picture, that involves the collective charge fluctuation modes of both the liquid and the confining wall, has recently been successful at predicting new nanofluidic phenomena such as quantum friction and near-field heat transfer, that rely on the coupling of those fluctuations. Here, we study the charge fluctuation modes of a two-dimensional (planar) nanofluidic channel. Introducing confined response functions that generalize the notion of surface response function, we show that the channel walls exhibit coupled plasmon modes as soon as the confinement is comparable to the plasmon wavelength. Conversely, the water fluctuations remain remarkably bulk-like, with significant confinement effects arising only when the wall spacing is reduced to 7 Å. We apply the confined response formalism to predict the dependence of the solid-water quantum friction and thermal boundary conductance on channel width for model channel wall materials. Our results provide a general framework for Coulomb interactions of fluctuating matter under nanoscale confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Coquinot
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Maximilian Becker
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland R Netz
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lydéric Bocquet
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nikita Kavokine
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
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29
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Noh Y, Smolyanitsky A. Memristive Response and Capacitive Spiking in Aqueous Ion Transport through Two-Dimensional Nanopore Arrays. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:665-670. [PMID: 38206569 PMCID: PMC10947333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In living organisms, information is processed in interconnected symphonies of ionic currents spiking through protein ion channels. As a result of dynamic switching of their conductive states, ion channels exhibit a variety of current-voltage nonlinearities and memory effects. Fueled by the promise of computing architectures entirely different from von Neumann, recent attempts to identify and harness similar phenomena in artificial nanofluidic environments focused on demonstrating analogue circuit elements with memory. Here we explore aqueous ionic transport through two-dimensional (2D) membranes featuring arrays of ion-trapping crown-ether-like pores. We demonstrate that for aqueous salts featuring ions with different ion-pore binding affinities, memristive effects emerge through coupling between the time-delayed state of the system and its transport properties. We also demonstrate a nanopore array that behaves as a capacitor with a strain-tunable built-in barrier, yielding behaviors ranging from current spiking to an ohmic response. By focusing on the illustrative underlying mechanisms, we demonstrate that realistically observable memory effects may be achieved in nanofluidic systems featuring crown-porous 2D membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yechan Noh
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, 80305, Colorado, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, 94720, California, United States
| | - Alex Smolyanitsky
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, 80305, Colorado, United States
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30
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Wang M, Sadhukhan T, Lewis NHC, Wang M, He X, Yan G, Ying D, Hoenig E, Han Y, Peng G, Lee OS, Shi F, Tiede DM, Zhou H, Tokmakoff A, Schatz GC, Liu C. Anomalously enhanced ion transport and uptake in functionalized angstrom-scale two-dimensional channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313616121. [PMID: 38165939 PMCID: PMC10786305 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313616121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Emulating angstrom-scale dynamics of the highly selective biological ion channels is a challenging task. Recent work on angstrom-scale artificial channels has expanded our understanding of ion transport and uptake mechanisms under confinement. However, the role of chemical environment in such channels is still not well understood. Here, we report the anomalously enhanced transport and uptake of ions under confined MoS2-based channels that are ~five angstroms in size. The ion uptake preference in the MoS2-based channels can be changed by the selection of surface functional groups and ion uptake sequence due to the interplay between kinetic and thermodynamic factors that depend on whether the ions are mixed or not prior to uptake. Our work offers a holistic picture of ion transport in 2D confinement and highlights ion interplay in this regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhan Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Tumpa Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu603203, India
| | - Nicholas H. C. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Maoyu Wang
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Xiang He
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems Energy Frontier Research Center and Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Gangbin Yan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Dongchen Ying
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Eli Hoenig
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Yu Han
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Guiming Peng
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - One-Sun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Fengyuan Shi
- Electron Microscopy Core, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL60607
| | - David M. Tiede
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems Energy Frontier Research Center and Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Hua Zhou
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Andrei Tokmakoff
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Chong Liu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
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31
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Li Q, Zhou K, Zhu B, Liu X, Lao J, Gao J, Jiang L. Artificial Sodium Channels for Enhanced Osmotic Energy Harvesting. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:28038-28048. [PMID: 38039312 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the ion channels of electric eels, we can use biomimetic nanofluidic materials to harvest the osmotic power released by mixing seawater and river water. While biological ion channels have both cation/anion and inter-cation selectivity, previous nanofluidic materials neglected the latter. As a result, NaCl solutions were generally used to simulate river water, ignoring the fact that the dominating cation in river water is typically Ca2+. In this work, we show that the different ionic compositions of seawater and river water can be exploited to improve osmotic power density by employing biomimetic sodium selective materials. Inspired by a range of properties of biological sodium channels, we constructed artificial sodium channels with zeolitic imidazolate framework-65 crystals, which selectively transport Na+ but almost completely block Ca2+. Resultantly, the effective concentration gradient of seawater/river water is dramatically increased by preventing the major cations in the river water from participating in the ion diffusion. As a result, the osmotic power density can be increased by more than 1 order of magnitude. These results should open new avenues to develop high-performance osmotic generators and may advance other applications based on biomimetic ion channels such as neuromorphic information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xueli Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Junchao Lao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming and State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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32
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Shi D, Wang W, Liang Y, Duan L, Du G, Xie Y. Ultralow Energy Consumption Angstrom-Fluidic Memristor. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11662-11668. [PMID: 38064458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of nanofluidic memristors has made a giant leap to mimic the neuromorphic functions of biological neurons. Here, we report neuromorphic signaling using Angstrom-scale funnel-shaped channels with poly-l-lysine (PLL) assembled at nano-openings. We found frequency-dependent current-voltage characteristics under sweeping voltage, which represents a diode in low frequencies, but it showed pinched current hysteresis as frequency increases. The current hysteresis is strongly dependent on pH values but weakly dependent on salt concentration. We attributed the current hysteresis to the entropy barrier of PLL molecules entering and exiting the Angstrom channels, resulting in reversible voltage-gated open-close state transitions. We successfully emulated the synaptic adaptation of Hebbian learning using voltage spikes and obtained a minimum energy consumption of 2-23 fJ in each spike per channel. Our findings pave a new way to mimic neuronal functions by Angstrom channels in low energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Yizheng Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Libing Duan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Guanghua Du
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanbo Xie
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
- School of Aeronautics and Institute of Extreme Mechanics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
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33
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Paulo G, Sun K, Di Muccio G, Gubbiotti A, Morozzo Della Rocca B, Geng J, Maglia G, Chinappi M, Giacomello A. Hydrophobically gated memristive nanopores for neuromorphic applications. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8390. [PMID: 38110352 PMCID: PMC10728163 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44019-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transmission in the brain relies on voltage-gated ion channels, which exhibit the electrical behaviour of memristors, resistors with memory. State-of-the-art technologies currently employ semiconductor-based neuromorphic approaches, which have already demonstrated their efficacy in machine learning systems. However, these approaches still cannot match performance achieved by biological neurons in terms of energy efficiency and size. In this study, we utilise molecular dynamics simulations, continuum models, and electrophysiological experiments to propose and realise a bioinspired hydrophobically gated memristive nanopore. Our findings indicate that hydrophobic gating enables memory through an electrowetting mechanism, and we establish simple design rules accordingly. Through the engineering of a biological nanopore, we successfully replicate the characteristic hysteresis cycles of a memristor and construct a synaptic device capable of learning and forgetting. This advancement offers a promising pathway for the realization of nanoscale, cost- and energy-effective, and adaptable bioinspired memristors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Paulo
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00184, Italy
| | - Ke Sun
- Chemical Biology Department, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology Institute, Groningen, 9700 CC, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Med+X Center for Manufacturing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Giovanni Di Muccio
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00184, Italy
| | - Alberto Gubbiotti
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00184, Italy
| | | | - Jia Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Med+X Center for Manufacturing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Giovanni Maglia
- Chemical Biology Department, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology Institute, Groningen, 9700 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Mauro Chinappi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Alberto Giacomello
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00184, Italy.
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34
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Abstract
Brain-inspired neuromorphic computing is currently being investigated for effective artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The development of artificial neurons and synapses is imperative to creating efficient computational biomimetic networks. Here we propose the minimal configuration of an effective iontronic spiking neuron based on a conical nanofluidic pore ionic diode. The conductance is composed of a Boltzmann open channel probability and a blocking inactivation function, forming the structure of a memristor. The presence of a negative resistance and the combination of activation-deactivation dynamics cause a Hopf bifurcation. Using the characteristic frequencies of small perturbation impedance spectroscopy, we discuss the conditions of spiking, in which the system enters a limit cycle oscillation. We arrive at the conclusion that an excitable neuron-like system can be made with a single active channel instead of the more complex combination of multiple channels that occurs in the Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
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35
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Bocquet L. Concluding remarks: Iontronics, from fundamentals to ion-controlled devices - Random access memories. Faraday Discuss 2023; 246:618-622. [PMID: 37740292 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00138e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Is this the dawn of iontronics? Iontronics underpins the notion of devices and ionic machines, whereby ion and water also act as information carriers. Thinking about iontronics gives a vision and a road map, with applications in the water-energy nexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydéric Bocquet
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Universite PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France.
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36
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Kamsma TM, Boon WQ, Spitoni C, van Roij R. Unveiling the capabilities of bipolar conical channels in neuromorphic iontronics. Faraday Discuss 2023; 246:125-140. [PMID: 37404026 PMCID: PMC10568261 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00022b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Conical channels filled with an aqueous electrolyte have been proposed as promising candidates for iontronic neuromorphic circuits. This is facilitated by a novel analytical model for the internal channel dynamics [T. M. Kamsma, W. Q. Boon, T. ter Rele, C. Spitoni and R. van Roij, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2023, 130(26), 268401], the relative ease of fabrication of conical channels, and the wide range of achievable memory retention times by varying the channel lengths. In this work, we demonstrate that the analytical model for conical channels can be generalized to channels with an inhomogeneous surface charge distribution, which we predict to exhibit significantly stronger current rectification and more pronounced memristive properties in the case of bipolar channels, i.e. channels where the tip and base carry a surface charge of opposite sign. Additionally, we show that the use of bipolar conical channels in a previously proposed iontronic circuit features hallmarks of neuronal communication, such as all-or-none action potentials and spike train generation. Bipolar channels allow, however, for circuit parameters in the range of their biological analogues, and exhibit membrane potentials that match well with biological mammalian action potentials, further supporting their potential biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Kamsma
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Mathematical Institute, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 6, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W Q Boon
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - C Spitoni
- Mathematical Institute, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 6, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R van Roij
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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37
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Li J, Shi Y, Qi C, Zhang B, Xing X, Li Y, Chen T, Mao X, Zuo Z, Zhao X, Pan Z, Li L, Yang X, Li C. Charging Metal-Organic Framework Membranes by Incorporating Crown Ethers to Capture Cations for Ion Sieving. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309918. [PMID: 37583031 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein channels on the biofilm conditionally manipulate ion transport via regulating the distribution of charge residues, making analogous processes on artificial membranes a hot spot and challenge. Here, we employ metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) membrane with charge-adjustable subnano-channel to selectively govern ion transport. Various valent ions are binded with crown ethers embedded in the MOF cavity, which act as charged guest to regulate the channels' charge state from the negativity to positivity. Compared with the negatively charged channel, the positive counterpart obviously enhances Li+ /Mg2+ selectivity, which benefit from the reinforcement of the electrostatic repulsion between ions and the channel. Meanwhile, theoretical calculations reveal that Mg2+ transport through the more positively charged channel needed to overcome higher entrance energy barrier than that of Li+ . This work provides a subtle strategy for ion-selective transport upon regulating the charge state of insulating membrane, which paves the way for the application like seawater desalination and lithium extraction from salt lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xian, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yayun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiwen Xing
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xian, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Tongdan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xian, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Xingnuo Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghui Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Libo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, P. R. China
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38
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Giacomello A. What keeps nanopores boiling. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:110902. [PMID: 37724724 DOI: 10.1063/5.0167530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The liquid-to-vapor transition can occur under unexpected conditions in nanopores, opening the door to fundamental questions and new technologies. The physics of boiling in confinement is progressively introduced, starting from classical nucleation theory, passing through nanoscale effects, and terminating with the material and external parameters that affect the boiling conditions. The relevance of boiling in specific nanoconfined systems is discussed, focusing on heterogeneous lyophobic systems, chromatographic columns, and ion channels. The current level of control of boiling in nanopores enabled by microporous materials such as metal organic frameworks and biological nanopores paves the way to thrilling theoretical challenges and to new technological opportunities in the fields of energy, neuromorphic computing, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Giacomello
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00184 Rome, Italy
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39
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Kamsma TM, Boon WQ, Ter Rele T, Spitoni C, van Roij R. Iontronic Neuromorphic Signaling with Conical Microfluidic Memristors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:268401. [PMID: 37450821 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.268401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Experiments have shown that the conductance of conical channels, filled with an aqueous electrolyte, can strongly depend on the history of the applied voltage. These channels hence have a memory and are promising elements in brain-inspired (iontronic) circuits. We show here that the memory of such channels stems from transient concentration polarization over the ionic diffusion time. We derive an analytic approximation for these dynamics which shows good agreement with full finite-element calculations. Using our analytic approximation, we propose an experimentally realizable Hodgkin-Huxley iontronic circuit where micrometer cones take on the role of sodium and potassium channels. Our proposed circuit exhibits key features of neuronal communication such as all-or-none action potentials upon a pulse stimulus and a spike train upon a sustained stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Kamsma
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
- Mathematical Institute, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 6, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - W Q Boon
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - T Ter Rele
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - C Spitoni
- Mathematical Institute, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 6, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - R van Roij
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
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40
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Liu D, Xiong Z, Wang P, Liang Q, Zhu H, Liu JZ, Forsyth M, Li D. Ion-Specific Nanoconfinement Effect in Multilayered Graphene Membranes: A Combined Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Computational Study. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37315026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ion adsorption within nanopores is involved in numerous applications. However, a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental relationship between in-pore ion concentration and pore size, particularly in the sub-2 nm range, is scarce. This study investigates the ion-species-dependent concentration in multilayered graphene membranes (MGMs) with tunable nanoslit sizes (0.5-1.6 nm) using nuclear magnetic resonance and computational simulations. For Na+-based electrolytes in MGMs, the concentration of anions in graphene nanoslits increases in correlation with their chaotropic properties. As the nanoslit size decreases, the concentration of chaotropic ion (BF4-) increases, whereas the concentration of kosmotropic ions (Cit3-, PO43-) and other ions (Ac-, F-) decreases or changes slightly. Notably, anions remain more concentrated than counter Na+ ions, leading to electroneutrality breakdown and unipolar anion packing in MGMs. A continuum modeling approach, integrating molecular dynamic simulation with the Poisson-Boltzmann model, elucidates these observations by considering water-mediated ion-graphene non-electrostatic interactions and charge screening from graphene walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Zhiyuan Xiong
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Peiyao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Qinghua Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Haijin Zhu
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Jefferson Zhe Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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41
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Goutham S, Keerthi A, Ismail A, Bhardwaj A, Jalali H, You Y, Li Y, Hassani N, Peng H, Martins MVS, Wang F, Neek-Amal M, Radha B. Beyond steric selectivity of ions using ångström-scale capillaries. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:596-601. [PMID: 36997753 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ion-selective channels play a key role in physiological processes and are used in many technologies. Although biological channels can efficiently separate same-charge ions with similar hydration shells, it remains a challenge to mimic such exquisite selectivity using artificial solid-state channels. Although there are several nanoporous membranes that show high selectivity with respect to certain ions, the underlying mechanisms are based on the hydrated ion size and/or charge. There is a need to rationalize the design of artificial channels to make them capable of selecting between similar-sized same-charge ions, which, in turn, requires an understanding of why and how such selectivity can occur. Here we study ångström-scale artificial channels made by van der Waals assembly, which are comparable in size with typical ions and carry little residual charge on the channel walls. This allows us to exclude the first-order effects of steric- and Coulomb-based exclusion. We show that the studied two-dimensional ångström-scale capillaries can distinguish between same-charge ions with similar hydrated diameters. The selectivity is attributed to different positions occupied by ions within the layered structure of nanoconfined water, which depend on the ion-core size and differ for anions and cations. The revealed mechanism points at the possibilities of ion separation beyond simple steric sieving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solleti Goutham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ashok Keerthi
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Abdulghani Ismail
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ankit Bhardwaj
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hossein Jalali
- Department of Physics, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yi You
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yiheng Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Nasim Hassani
- Department of Physics, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haoke Peng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Marcos Vinicius Surmani Martins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Fengchao Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mehdi Neek-Amal
- Department of Physics, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Boya Radha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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42
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Xie Y, Shi D, Wang W, Wang Z. Surface-charge governed ionic blockade in angstrom-scale latent-track channels. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37190916 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
When channels are scaled down to the size of hydrated ions, Coulomb interactions are enhanced in confinement, resulting in new phenomena. Herein, we found blockade of ionic transport in latent-track angstrom-scale channels governed by surface charge, fundamentally different from Coulomb blockade or Wien effects. The channels are non-conductive at low voltage, blocked by cations bound at the surface in confinement; however, they change to conductive with increasing voltage due to the release of bound ions. The increase in surface charge density gradually causes the conduction to be ohmic. Using Kramers' escape framework, we rationalized an analytical equation to describe the experimental results, uncovering new fundamental insights into ion transport in the smallest channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Xie
- School of Aeronautics and Institute of Extreme Mechanics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Deli Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Ziheng Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
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43
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Hou Y, Ling Y, Wang Y, Wang M, Chen Y, Li X, Hou X. Learning from the Brain: Bioinspired Nanofluidics. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2891-2900. [PMID: 36927003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The human brain completes intelligent behaviors such as the generation, transmission, and storage of neural signals by regulating the ionic conductivity of ion channels in neuron cells, which provides new inspiration for the development of ion-based brain-like intelligence. Against the backdrop of the gradual maturity of neuroscience, computer science, and micronano materials science, bioinspired nanofluidic iontronics, as an emerging interdisciplinary subject that focuses on the regulation of ionic conductivity of nanofluidic systems to realize brain-like functionalities, has attracted the attention of many researchers. This Perspective provides brief background information and the state-of-the-art progress of nanofluidic intelligent systems. Two main categories are included: nanofluidic transistors and nanofluidic memristors. The prospects of nanofluidic iontronics' interdisciplinary progress in future artificial intelligence fields such as neuromorphic computing or brain-computer interfaces are discussed. This Perspective aims to give readers a clear understanding of the concepts and prospects of this emerging interdisciplinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yixin Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yanqiong Wang
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yeyun Chen
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Xu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Jiujiang Research Institute, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361102, China
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44
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Aluru NR, Aydin F, Bazant MZ, Blankschtein D, Brozena AH, de Souza JP, Elimelech M, Faucher S, Fourkas JT, Koman VB, Kuehne M, Kulik HJ, Li HK, Li Y, Li Z, Majumdar A, Martis J, Misra RP, Noy A, Pham TA, Qu H, Rayabharam A, Reed MA, Ritt CL, Schwegler E, Siwy Z, Strano MS, Wang Y, Yao YC, Zhan C, Zhang Z. Fluids and Electrolytes under Confinement in Single-Digit Nanopores. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2737-2831. [PMID: 36898130 PMCID: PMC10037271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Confined fluids and electrolyte solutions in nanopores exhibit rich and surprising physics and chemistry that impact the mass transport and energy efficiency in many important natural systems and industrial applications. Existing theories often fail to predict the exotic effects observed in the narrowest of such pores, called single-digit nanopores (SDNs), which have diameters or conduit widths of less than 10 nm, and have only recently become accessible for experimental measurements. What SDNs reveal has been surprising, including a rapidly increasing number of examples such as extraordinarily fast water transport, distorted fluid-phase boundaries, strong ion-correlation and quantum effects, and dielectric anomalies that are not observed in larger pores. Exploiting these effects presents myriad opportunities in both basic and applied research that stand to impact a host of new technologies at the water-energy nexus, from new membranes for precise separations and water purification to new gas permeable materials for water electrolyzers and energy-storage devices. SDNs also present unique opportunities to achieve ultrasensitive and selective chemical sensing at the single-ion and single-molecule limit. In this review article, we summarize the progress on nanofluidics of SDNs, with a focus on the confinement effects that arise in these extremely narrow nanopores. The recent development of precision model systems, transformative experimental tools, and multiscale theories that have played enabling roles in advancing this frontier are reviewed. We also identify new knowledge gaps in our understanding of nanofluidic transport and provide an outlook for the future challenges and opportunities at this rapidly advancing frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayana R Aluru
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712TexasUnited States
| | - Fikret Aydin
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Daniel Blankschtein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Alexandra H Brozena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - J Pedro de Souza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06520-8286, United States
| | - Samuel Faucher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - John T Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Volodymyr B Koman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Matthias Kuehne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Hao-Kun Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Yuhao Li
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Arun Majumdar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Joel Martis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Rahul Prasanna Misra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Aleksandr Noy
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California95344, United States
| | - Tuan Anh Pham
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Haoran Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Archith Rayabharam
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712TexasUnited States
| | - Mark A Reed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, 15 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut06520, United States
| | - Cody L Ritt
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06520-8286, United States
| | - Eric Schwegler
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Zuzanna Siwy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine92697, United States
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Yun-Chiao Yao
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California95344, United States
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
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45
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Siwy ZS, Bruening ML, Howorka S. Nanopores: synergy from DNA sequencing to industrial filtration - small holes with big impact. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1983-1994. [PMID: 36794856 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00894g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanopores in thin membranes play important roles in science and industry. Single nanopores have provided a step-change in portable DNA sequencing and understanding nanoscale transport while multipore membranes facilitate food processing and purification of water and medicine. Despite the unifying use of nanopores, the fields of single nanopores and multipore membranes differ - to varying degrees - in terms of materials, fabrication, analysis, and applications. Such a partial disconnect hinders scientific progress as important challenges are best resolved together. This Viewpoint suggests how synergistic crosstalk between the two fields can provide considerable mutual benefits in fundamental understanding and the development of advanced membranes. We first describe the main differences including the atomistic definition of single pores compared to the less defined conduits in multipore membranes. We then outline steps to improve communication between the two fields such as harmonizing measurements and modelling of transport and selectivity. The resulting insight is expected to improve the rational design of porous membranes. The Viewpoint concludes with an outlook of other developments that can be best achieved by collaboration across the two fields to advance the understanding of transport in nanopores and create next-generation porous membranes tailored for sensing, filtration, and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna S Siwy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, USA.
| | - Merlin L Bruening
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, USA.
| | - Stefan Howorka
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Structural Molecular Biology, University College London, UK.
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46
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Hoang Ngoc Minh T, Stoltz G, Rotenberg B. Frequency and field-dependent response of confined electrolytes from Brownian dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:104103. [PMID: 36922117 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Using Brownian dynamics simulations, we investigate the effects of confinement, adsorption on surfaces, and ion-ion interactions on the response of confined electrolyte solutions to oscillating electric fields in the direction perpendicular to the confining walls. Nonequilibrium simulations allows to characterize the transitions between linear and nonlinear regimes when varying the magnitude and frequency of the applied field, but the linear response, characterized by the frequency-dependent conductivity, is more efficiently predicted from the equilibrium current fluctuations. To that end, we (rederive and) use the Green-Kubo relation appropriate for overdamped dynamics, which differs from the standard one for Newtonian or underdamped Langevin dynamics. This expression highlights the contributions of the underlying Brownian fluctuations and of the interactions of the particles between them and with external potentials. Although already known in the literature, this relation has rarely been used to date, beyond the static limit to determine the effective diffusion coefficient or the DC conductivity. The frequency-dependent conductivity always decays from a bulk-like behavior at high frequency to a vanishing conductivity at low frequency due to the confinement of the charge carriers by the walls. We discuss the characteristic features of the crossover between the two regimes, most importantly how the crossover frequency depends on the confining distance and the salt concentration, and the fact that adsorption on the walls may lead to significant changes both at high and low frequencies. Conversely, our results illustrate the possibility to obtain information on diffusion between walls, charge relaxation, and adsorption by analyzing the frequency-dependent conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thê Hoang Ngoc Minh
- CNRS, Physicochimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Benjamin Rotenberg
- CNRS, Physicochimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
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47
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Sun F, Jiang H, Wang H, Zhong Y, Xu Y, Xing Y, Yu M, Feng LW, Tang Z, Liu J, Sun H, Wang H, Wang G, Zhu M. Soft Fiber Electronics Based on Semiconducting Polymer. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4693-4763. [PMID: 36753731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibers, originating from nature and mastered by human, have woven their way throughout the entire history of human civilization. Recent developments in semiconducting polymer materials have further endowed fibers and textiles with various electronic functions, which are attractive in applications such as information interfacing, personalized medicine, and clean energy. Owing to their ability to be easily integrated into daily life, soft fiber electronics based on semiconducting polymers have gained popularity recently for wearable and implantable applications. Herein, we present a review of the previous and current progress in semiconducting polymer-based fiber electronics, particularly focusing on smart-wearable and implantable areas. First, we provide a brief overview of semiconducting polymers from the viewpoint of materials based on the basic concepts and functionality requirements of different devices. Then we analyze the existing applications and associated devices such as information interfaces, healthcare and medicine, and energy conversion and storage. The working principle and performance of semiconducting polymer-based fiber devices are summarized. Furthermore, we focus on the fabrication techniques of fiber devices. Based on the continuous fabrication of one-dimensional fiber and yarn, we introduce two- and three-dimensional fabric fabricating methods. Finally, we review challenges and relevant perspectives and potential solutions to address the related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yueheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yiman Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yi Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Muhuo Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Structural Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Liang-Wen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environment Effects and Electro-Optical Engineering, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Hengda Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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48
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Abstract
Ionic computing raises the possibility of devices that operate similarly to the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Noy
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.,School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Seth B Darling
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division and Advanced Energy Technologies Directorate, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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49
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Xiong T, Li C, He X, Xie B, Zong J, Jiang Y, Ma W, Wu F, Fei J, Yu P, Mao L. Neuromorphic functions with a polyelectrolyte-confined fluidic memristor. Science 2023; 379:156-161. [PMID: 36634194 DOI: 10.1126/science.adc9150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Reproducing ion channel-based neural functions with artificial fluidic systems has long been an aspirational goal for both neuromorphic computing and biomedical applications. In this study, neuromorphic functions were successfully accomplished with a polyelectrolyte-confined fluidic memristor (PFM), in which confined polyelectrolyte-ion interactions contributed to hysteretic ion transport, resulting in ion memory effects. Various electric pulse patterns were emulated by PFM with ultralow energy consumption. The fluidic property of PFM enabled the mimicking of chemical-regulated electric pulses. More importantly, chemical-electric signal transduction was implemented with a single PFM. With its structural similarity to ion channels, PFM is versatile and easily interfaces with biological systems, paving a way to building neuromorphic devices with advanced functions by introducing rich chemical designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changwei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xiulan He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Boyang Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianwei Zong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Junjie Fei
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China.,College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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50
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Robin P, Emmerich T, Ismail A, Niguès A, You Y, Nam GH, Keerthi A, Siria A, Geim AK, Radha B, Bocquet L. Long-term memory and synapse-like dynamics in two-dimensional nanofluidic channels. Science 2023; 379:161-167. [PMID: 36634187 DOI: 10.1126/science.adc9931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Fine-tuned ion transport across nanoscale pores is key to many biological processes, including neurotransmission. Recent advances have enabled the confinement of water and ions to two dimensions, unveiling transport properties inaccessible at larger scales and triggering hopes of reproducing the ionic machinery of biological systems. Here we report experiments demonstrating the emergence of memory in the transport of aqueous electrolytes across (sub)nanoscale channels. We unveil two types of nanofluidic memristors depending on channel material and confinement, with memory ranging from minutes to hours. We explain how large time scales could emerge from interfacial processes such as ionic self-assembly or surface adsorption. Such behavior allowed us to implement Hebbian learning with nanofluidic systems. This result lays the foundation for biomimetic computations on aqueous electrolytic chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Robin
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - T Emmerich
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Ismail
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Niguès
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Y You
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - G-H Nam
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Keerthi
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Siria
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A K Geim
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - B Radha
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - L Bocquet
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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