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Ross KA, Kelly S, Phadke KS, Peroutka-Bigus N, Fasina O, Siddoway A, Mallapragada SK, Wannemuehler MJ, Bellaire BH, Narasimhan B. Next-generation nanovaccine induces durable immunity and protects against SARS-CoV-2. Acta Biomater 2024; 183:318-329. [PMID: 38844193 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
While first generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were effective in slowing the spread and severity of disease during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need for vaccines capable of inducing durable and broad immunity against emerging variants of concern. Nanoparticle-based vaccines (i.e., "nanovaccines") composed of polyanhydride nanoparticles and pentablock copolymer micelles have previously been shown to protect against respiratory pathogens, including influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and Yersinia pestis. In this work, a nanovaccine containing SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens was designed and optimized. The optimized nanovaccine induced long-lived systemic IgG antibody responses against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus. In addition, the nanovaccine induced antibody responses capable of neutralization and cross-reactivity to multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants (including B.1.1.529) and antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Finally, the nanovaccine protected mice against a lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge, setting the stage for advancing particle-based SARS-CoV-2 nanovaccines. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: First-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were effective in slowing the spread and limiting the severity of COVID-19. However, current vaccines target only one antigen of the virus (i.e., spike protein) and focus on the generation of neutralizing antibodies, which may be less effective against new, circulating strains. In this work, we demonstrated the ability of a novel nanovaccine platform, based on polyanhydride nanoparticles and pentablock copolymer micelles, to generate durable and broad immunity against SARS-CoV-2. These nanovaccines induced long-lasting (> 62 weeks) serum antibody responses which neutralized binding to ACE2 receptors and were cross-reactive to multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. Additionally, mice immunized with the SARS-CoV-2 nanovaccine showed a significant increase of antigen-specific T cell responses in the draining lymph nodes and spleens. Together, these nanovaccine-induced immune responses contributed to the protection of mice against a lethal challenge of live SARS-CoV-2 virus, indicating that this nanovaccine platform is a promising next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Ross
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Sean Kelly
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kruttika S Phadke
- Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Nathan Peroutka-Bigus
- Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Olufemi Fasina
- Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Alaric Siddoway
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Surya K Mallapragada
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Michael J Wannemuehler
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Bryan H Bellaire
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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2
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Zhou H, Leng P, Wang Y, Yang K, Li C, Ojcius DM, Wang P, Jiang S. Development of T cell antigen-based human coronavirus vaccines against nAb-escaping SARS-CoV-2 variants. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024:S2095-9273(24)00410-9. [PMID: 38942698 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Currently approved vaccines have been successful in preventing the severity of COVID-19 and hospitalization. These vaccines primarily induce humoral immune responses; however, highly transmissible and mutated variants, such as the Omicron variant, weaken the neutralization potential of the vaccines, thus, raising serious concerns about their efficacy. Additionally, while neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) tend to wane more rapidly than cell-mediated immunity, long-lasting T cells typically prevent severe viral illness by directly killing infected cells or aiding other immune cells. Importantly, T cells are more cross-reactive than antibodies, thus, highly mutated variants are less likely to escape lasting broadly cross-reactive T cell immunity. Therefore, T cell antigen-based human coronavirus (HCoV) vaccines with the potential to serve as a supplementary weapon to combat emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with resistance to nAbs are urgently needed. Alternatively, T cell antigens could also be included in B cell antigen-based vaccines to strengthen vaccine efficacy. This review summarizes recent advancements in research and development of vaccines containing T cell antigens or both T and B cell antigens derived from proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants and/or other HCoVs based on different vaccine platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Ping Leng
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kaiwen Yang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chen Li
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco 94115, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Ministry of Health/Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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3
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Suthar MS. Durability of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Semin Immunol 2024; 73:101884. [PMID: 38861769 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2024.101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in humans has caused a pandemic of unprecedented dimensions. SARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets and targets ciliated epithelial cells in the nasal cavity, trachea, and lungs by utilizing the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The innate immune response, including type I and III interferons, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β), innate immune cells (monocytes, DCs, neutrophils, natural killer cells), antibodies (IgG, sIgA, neutralizing antibodies), and adaptive immune cells (B cells, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells) play pivotal roles in mitigating COVID-19 disease. Broad and durable B-cell- and T-cell immunity elicited by infection and vaccination is essential for protection against severe disease, hospitalization and death. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that evade neutralizing antibodies continue to jeopardize vaccine efficacy. In this review, we highlight our understanding the infection- and vaccine-mediated humoral, B and T cell responses, the durability of the immune responses, and how variants continue to threaten the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul S Suthar
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR), Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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4
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Petr V, Zahradka I, Modos I, Roder M, Fialova M, Machkova J, Kabrtova K, Hruba P, Magicova M, Slavcev A, Striz I, Viklicky O. Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Booster Doses in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Results of a 12-mo Follow-up From a Prospective Observational Study. Transplant Direct 2024; 10:e1645. [PMID: 38769974 PMCID: PMC11104726 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Booster doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are commonly used in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). However, there is uncertainty regarding the waning of vaccination responses and immunological safety in KTRs. Methods A total of 123 KTRs were included in the final analysis of this prospective observational cohort study. The aim was to evaluate the immunogenicity and immunological safety. SARS-CoV-2 antispike IgG antibodies and anti-HLA antibodies were measured at baseline and then at months 3, 6, and 12 after vaccination with the first booster dose (ie, the third vaccine dose). Antibodies against S1 and S2 subunits of SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated using an immunochemiluminescent assay (cutoff 9.5 AU/mL, sensitivity 91.2%, and specificity 90.2%). Anti-HLA antibodies were analyzed using single-antigen bead technology. Results Seroconversion was reached in 65% of KTRs previously nonresponding to 2-dose mRNA vaccination; the overall seroconversion rate 3 mo after the first booster dose was 83%. Vaccination induced a durable humoral response, and the antibody levels were stable during the 12-mo study follow-up. Higher age (exponentiated beta coefficient [eβ] 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.943-0.997) and a full dose of mycophenolate (eβ 0.296; 95% CI, 0.089-0.984) were negatively associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels, whereas better graft function (eβ1.021; 95% CI, 1.005-1.037) was associated positively. There were no systematic signs of anti-HLA antibody development after vaccination. However, during the follow-up, there was a nonsignificant signal of an increase in anti-HLA antibodies in those who developed COVID-19. Conclusions Additional booster doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce durable antibody response even in a large subset of previous nonresponders and are not associated with the risk of allosensitization. Furthermore, a signal linking COVID-19 to the development of anti-HLA antibodies was observed, and this should be confirmed and further examined (NCT05483725).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Petr
- Department of Nephrology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Zahradka
- Department of Nephrology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Istvan Modos
- Information Technology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Roder
- Immunogenetics Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Fialova
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Machkova
- Transplant Laboratory, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Kabrtova
- Immunogenetics Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hruba
- Transplant Laboratory, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Magicova
- Department of Nephrology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonij Slavcev
- Immunogenetics Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ilja Striz
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Viklicky
- Department of Nephrology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Transplant Laboratory, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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5
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Lustig Y, Barda N, Weiss-Ottolenghi Y, Indenbaum V, Margalit I, Asraf K, Doolman R, Chalkias S, Das R, Elfatarany G, Harats D, Kreiss Y, Regev-Yochay G. Humoral response superiority of the monovalent XBB.1.5 over the bivalent BA.1 and BA.5 mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00635-2. [PMID: 38806352 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
JN.1, the dominating SARS-CoV-2 variant, is antigenically distinct from ancestral BA.1, BA.5 and XBB.1.5 variants, raising concern about effectiveness of updated COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we compared the neutralizing antibody response against JN.1, 1-month after receipt of the three available Moderna mRNA vaccines. Sera obtained from 37, 30 and 30 XBB.1.5, BA.1 and BA.4-5 -vaccine recipients, respectively, were tested for anti-RBD IgG and for JN-1 specific neutralizing antibody levels. Geometric mean fold rise (GMFR) in JN.1 specific neutralizing titers was 27 (95 % CI: 17-43.1), 10.1 (95 % CI: 6.48-15.7) and 8.77 (95 % CI: 5.69-13.5) following XBB.1.5, BA.1 and BA.4-5 vaccines, respectively, translating into a 64 % lower adjusted response (geometric mean ratio [GMR] = 0.36, 95 % CI: 0.21-0.6) in the BA.1 arm, and a 75 % lower response (GMR = 0.25, 95 % CI: 0.15-0.43) in the BA.4-5 arm. This suggests that XBB.1.5 vaccination will most likely, result in improved effectiveness against JN.1 compared with other COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Lustig
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; The Sheba Pandemic Preparedness Research Institute (SPRI), Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Noam Barda
- The Sheba Pandemic Preparedness Research Institute (SPRI), Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Community Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Yael Weiss-Ottolenghi
- The Sheba Pandemic Preparedness Research Institute (SPRI), Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Victoria Indenbaum
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ili Margalit
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; The Sheba Pandemic Preparedness Research Institute (SPRI), Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Keren Asraf
- Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ram Doolman
- Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Spyros Chalkias
- Clinical Development, Infectious Diseases Unit, Moderna, Israel
| | - Rituparna Das
- Clinical Development, Infectious Diseases Unit, Moderna, Israel
| | | | - Dror Harats
- Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Gili Regev-Yochay
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; The Sheba Pandemic Preparedness Research Institute (SPRI), Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
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6
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Warner BM, Yates JGE, Vendramelli R, Truong T, Meilleur C, Chan L, Leacy A, Pham PH, Pei Y, Susta L, Wootton SK, Kobasa D. Intranasal vaccination with an NDV-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protects against Delta and Omicron challenges. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:90. [PMID: 38782986 PMCID: PMC11116387 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00870-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid development and deployment of vaccines following the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been estimated to have saved millions of lives. Despite their immense success, there remains a need for next-generation vaccination approaches for SARS-CoV-2 and future emerging coronaviruses and other respiratory viruses. Here we utilized a Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) vectored vaccine expressing the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a pre-fusion stabilized chimeric conformation (NDV-PFS). When delivered intranasally, NDV-PFS protected both Syrian hamsters and K18 mice against Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Additionally, intranasal vaccination induced robust, durable protection that was extended to 6 months post-vaccination. Overall, our data provide evidence that NDV-vectored vaccines represent a viable next-generation mucosal vaccination approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce M Warner
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jacob G E Yates
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Robert Vendramelli
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Thang Truong
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Courtney Meilleur
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Lily Chan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alexander Leacy
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Phuc H Pham
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yanlong Pei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Leonardo Susta
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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7
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Haq MA, Roy AK, Ahmed R, Kuddusi RU, Sinha M, Hossain MS, Vandenent M, Islam MZ, Zaman RU, Kibria MG, Razzaque A, Raqib R, Sarker P. Antibody longevity and waning following COVID-19 vaccination in a 1-year longitudinal cohort in Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11467. [PMID: 38769324 PMCID: PMC11106241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines have been effective in preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death, however, the effectiveness diminishes with time. Here, we evaluated the longevity of antibodies generated by COIVD-19 vaccines and the risk of (re)infection in Bangladeshi population. Adults receiving two doses of AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna or Sinopharm vaccines were enrolled at 2-4 weeks after second dosing and followed-up at 4-monthly interval for 1 year. Data on COVID-like symptoms, confirmed COVID-19 infection, co-morbidities, and receipt of booster dose were collected; blood was collected for measuring spike (S)- and nucleocapsid (N)-specific antibodies. S-specific antibody titers reduced by ~ 50% at 1st follow-up visit and continued to decline unless re-stimulated by booster vaccine dose or (re)infection. Individuals infected between follow-up visits showed significantly lower S-antibody titers at preceding visits compared to the uninfected individuals. Pre-enrolment infection between primary vaccination dosing exhibited 60% and 50% protection against reinfection at 5 and 9 months, respectively. mRNA vaccines provided highest odds of protection from (re)infection up to 5 months (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.08), however, protection persisted for 9 months in AstraZeneca vaccine recipients (OR = 0.06). In conclusion, vaccine-mediated protection from (re)infection is partially linked to elevated levels of S-specific antibodies. AstraZeneca vaccine provided the longest protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ahsanul Haq
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Anjan Kumar Roy
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Razu Ahmed
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Rakib Ullah Kuddusi
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Monika Sinha
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shamim Hossain
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Md Golam Kibria
- Sheikh Russel Gastroliver Institute and Hospital, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Razzaque
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Protim Sarker
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
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8
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Lu X, Hayashi H, Ishikawa E, Takeuchi Y, Dychiao JVT, Nakagami H, Yamasaki S. Early acquisition of S-specific Tfh clonotypes after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is associated with the longevity of anti-S antibodies. eLife 2024; 12:RP89999. [PMID: 38716629 PMCID: PMC11078543 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been used worldwide to combat COVID-19 pandemic. To elucidate the factors that determine the longevity of spike (S)-specific antibodies, we traced the characteristics of S-specific T cell clonotypes together with their epitopes and anti-S antibody titers before and after BNT162b2 vaccination over time. T cell receptor (TCR) αβ sequences and mRNA expression of the S-responded T cells were investigated using single-cell TCR- and RNA-sequencing. Highly expanded 199 TCR clonotypes upon stimulation with S peptide pools were reconstituted into a reporter T cell line for the determination of epitopes and restricting HLAs. Among them, we could determine 78 S epitopes, most of which were conserved in variants of concern (VOCs). After the 2nd vaccination, T cell clonotypes highly responsive to recall S stimulation were polarized to follicular helper T (Tfh)-like cells in donors exhibiting sustained anti-S antibody titers (designated as 'sustainers'), but not in 'decliners'. Even before vaccination, S-reactive CD4+ T cell clonotypes did exist, most of which cross-reacted with environmental or symbiotic microbes. However, these clonotypes contracted after vaccination. Conversely, S-reactive clonotypes dominated after vaccination were undetectable in pre-vaccinated T cell pool, suggesting that highly responding S-reactive T cells were established by vaccination from rare clonotypes. These results suggest that de novo acquisition of memory Tfh-like cells upon vaccination may contribute to the longevity of anti-S antibody titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyuan Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Yukiko Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | | | - Hironori Nakagami
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
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9
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Hyun H, Nham E, Seong H, Yoon JG, Noh JY, Cheong HJ, Kim WJ, Yoon SK, Park SJ, Gwak W, Lee JW, Kim B, Song JY. Long-term humoral and cellular immunity against vaccine strains and Omicron subvariants (BQ.1.1, BN.1, XBB.1, and EG.5) after bivalent COVID-19 vaccination. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385135. [PMID: 38756783 PMCID: PMC11096540 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The assessment of long-term humoral and cellular immunity post-vaccination is crucial for establishing an optimal vaccination strategy. Methods This prospective cohort study evaluated adults (≥18 years) who received a BA.4/5 bivalent vaccine. We measured the anti-receptor binding domain immunoglobulin G antibody and neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against wild-type and Omicron subvariants (BA.5, BQ.1.1, BN.1, XBB.1 and EG.5) up to 9 months post-vaccination. T-cell immune responses were measured before and 4 weeks after vaccination. Results A total of 108 (28 SARS-CoV-2-naïve and 80 previously infected) participants were enrolled. Anti-receptor binding domain immunoglobulin G (U/mL) levels were higher at 9 months post-vaccination than baseline in SAR-CoV-2-naïve individuals (8,339 vs. 1,834, p<0.001). NAb titers against BQ.1.1, BN.1, and XBB.1 were significantly higher at 9 months post-vaccination than baseline in both groups, whereas NAb against EG.5 was negligible at all time points. The T-cell immune response (median spot forming unit/106 cells) was highly cross-reactive at both baseline (wild-type/BA.5/XBB.1.5, 38.3/52.5/45.0 in SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals; 51.6/54.9/54.9 in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals) and 4 weeks post-vaccination, with insignificant boosting post-vaccination. Conclusion Remarkable cross-reactive neutralization was observed against BQ.1.1, BN.1, and XBB.1 up to 9 months after BA.4/5 bivalent vaccination, but not against EG.5. The T-cell immune response was highly cross-reactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakjun Hyun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eliel Nham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gu Yoon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Noh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Kyung Yoon
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jin Park
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - WonSeok Gwak
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Woo Lee
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungguk Kim
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Zhuang Z, Zhuo J, Yuan Y, Chen Z, Zhang S, Zhu A, Zhao J, Zhao J. Harnessing T-Cells for Enhanced Vaccine Development against Viral Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:478. [PMID: 38793729 PMCID: PMC11125924 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant strides in vaccine research and the availability of vaccines for many infectious diseases, the threat posed by both known and emerging infectious diseases persists. Moreover, breakthrough infections following vaccination remain a concern. Therefore, the development of novel vaccines is imperative. These vaccines must exhibit robust protective efficacy, broad-spectrum coverage, and long-lasting immunity. One promising avenue in vaccine development lies in leveraging T-cells, which play a crucial role in adaptive immunity and regulate immune responses during viral infections. T-cell recognition can target highly variable or conserved viral proteins, and memory T-cells offer the potential for durable immunity. Consequently, T-cell-based vaccines hold promise for advancing vaccine development efforts. This review delves into the latest research advancements in T-cell-based vaccines across various platforms and discusses the associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jianfen Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Yaochang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Airu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingxian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
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11
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Chang YS, Huang K, Lee JM, Vagts CL, Ascoli C, Amin MR, Ghassemi M, Lora CM, Edafetanure-Ibeh R, Huang Y, Cherian RA, Sarup N, Warpecha SR, Hwang S, Goel R, Turturice BA, Schott C, Hernandez M, Chen Y, Jorgensen J, Wang W, Rasic M, Novak RM, Finn PW, Perkins DL. Altered transcriptomic immune responses of maintenance hemodialysis patients to the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. eLife 2024; 13:e83641. [PMID: 38656290 PMCID: PMC11042800 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients experience immune compromise characterized by complex alterations of both innate and adaptive immunity, and results in higher susceptibility to infection and lower response to vaccination. This immune compromise, coupled with greater risk of exposure to infectious disease at hemodialysis (HD) centers, underscores the need for examination of the immune response to the COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines. Methods The immune response to the COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was assessed in 20 HD patients and cohort-matched controls. RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed longitudinally before and after each vaccination dose for a total of six time points per subject. Anti-spike antibody levels were quantified prior to the first vaccination dose (V1D0) and 7 d after the second dose (V2D7) using anti-spike IgG titers and antibody neutralization assays. Anti-spike IgG titers were additionally quantified 6 mo after initial vaccination. Clinical history and lab values in HD patients were obtained to identify predictors of vaccination response. Results Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated differing time courses of immune responses, with prolonged myeloid cell activity in HD at 1 wk after the first vaccination dose. HD also demonstrated decreased metabolic activity and decreased antigen presentation compared to controls after the second vaccination dose. Anti-spike IgG titers and neutralizing function were substantially elevated in both controls and HD at V2D7, with a small but significant reduction in titers in HD groups (p<0.05). Anti-spike IgG remained elevated above baseline at 6 mo in both subject groups. Anti-spike IgG titers at V2D7 were highly predictive of 6-month titer levels. Transcriptomic biomarkers after the second vaccination dose and clinical biomarkers including ferritin levels were found to be predictive of antibody development. Conclusions Overall, we demonstrate differing time courses of immune responses to the BTN162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in maintenance HD subjects comparable to healthy controls and identify transcriptomic and clinical predictors of anti-spike IgG titers in HD. Analyzing vaccination as an in vivo perturbation, our results warrant further characterization of the immune dysregulation of ESRD. Funding F30HD102093, F30HL151182, T32HL144909, R01HL138628. This research has been funded by the University of Illinois at Chicago Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS) award UL1TR002003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shin Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Jessica M Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Christen L Vagts
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Christian Ascoli
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Md-Ruhul Amin
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Mahmood Ghassemi
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Claudia M Lora
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | | | - Yue Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Ruth A Cherian
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Nandini Sarup
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Samantha R Warpecha
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Sunghyun Hwang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Rhea Goel
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Benjamin A Turturice
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Stanford UniversityPalo AltoUnited States
| | - Cody Schott
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado DenverAuroraUnited States
| | | | - Yang Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Julianne Jorgensen
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Wangfei Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Mladen Rasic
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Richard M Novak
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Patricia W Finn
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - David L Perkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
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12
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Li H, Wang X, Wang S, Feng X, Wang L, Li Y. Acceptance, safety, and immunogenicity of a booster dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28405. [PMID: 38560178 PMCID: PMC10981126 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines showed impaired immunogenicity in some autoimmune diseases, but it remains unclear in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). This study aimed to explore the antibody response to the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in individuals with PBC, as well as to evaluate coverage, safety, and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine among them. Two cohorts of patients with PBC were enrolled in this study. One cohort was arranged to evaluate the immunogenicity of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, another cohort participated in an online survey. The titers of the anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), neutralizing antibody (NAb) toward severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 wild-type, and NAb toward Omicron BA.4/5 subvariants were detected to assess antibody response from the vaccine. After booster vaccination for more than six months, patients with PBC had significantly lowered levels of anti-RBD-specific IgG compared to HCs, and the inhibition rates of NAb toward wild-type also declined in individuals with PBC. The detected levels of NAb toward Omicron BA.4/5 were below the positive threshold in patients with PBC and HCs. Laboratory parameters did not significantly correlate with any of the three antibodies. The online survey revealed that 24% of patients with PBC received three COVID-19 vaccines, while 63% were unimmunized. Adverse effect rates after the first, second, and third vaccine doses were 6.1%, 10.3%, and 9.5%, respectively. Unvaccinated patients with PBC were more worried about the safety of the vaccine than those who were vaccinated (P = 0.004). As a result, this study fills the immunological assessment gap in patients with PBC who received inactivated COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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13
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Murayama G, Kusaoi M, Horiuchi Y, Tabe Y, Naito T, Ito S, Yamaji K, Tamura N. Effects of the induction of humoral and cellular immunity by third vaccination for SARS-CoV-2. J Infect Chemother 2024:S1341-321X(24)00105-3. [PMID: 38570139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To control the spread of severe disease caused by mutant strains of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is necessary to determine whether continued vaccination enhances humoral and cellular immunity. AIM In this study, we examined the changes in humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 after administration of the third vaccination in Japanese adults who had received the second dose of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-1273 vaccine and the third vaccination (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273). METHODS We measured anti-spike antibodies in immunoglobulin G (IgG) and anti-nucleocapsid IgG titers in the serum of the vaccinated subjects. To evaluate cellular immunity, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of inoculated individuals were cultured with spiked proteins, including those of the SARS-CoV-2 conventional strain and Omicron strain, and then subjected to enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT). RESULTS The results revealed that the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titer increased after the third vaccination and was maintained; however, a decrease was observed at 6 months after vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cell responses were also induced after the third vaccination and were maintained for 6 months after vaccination. Furthermore, induction of cellular immunity against Omicron strains by the omicron non-compliant vaccines, BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273, was observed. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of vaccination against unknown mutant strains that may occur in the future and provide important insights into vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goh Murayama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Makio Kusaoi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuki Horiuchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoko Tabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Toshio Naito
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Suminobu Ito
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Medical Technology Innovation Centre, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaji
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Naoto Tamura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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14
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Aoki H, Kitabatake M, Abe H, Xu P, Tsunoda M, Shichino S, Hara A, Ouji-Sageshima N, Motozono C, Ito T, Matsushima K, Ueha S. CD8 + T cell memory induced by successive SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations is characterized by shifts in clonal dominance. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113887. [PMID: 38458195 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
mRNA vaccines against the spike glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) elicit strong T cell responses. However, a clonal-resolution analysis of T cell responses to mRNA vaccination has not been performed. Here, we temporally track the CD8+ T cell repertoire in individuals who received three shots of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine through longitudinal T cell receptor sequencing with peptide-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) tetramer analysis. We demonstrate a shift in T cell responses between the clonotypes with different kinetics: from early responders that expand rapidly after the first shot to main responders that greatly expand after the second shot. Although the main responders re-expand after the third shot, their clonal diversity is skewed, and newly elicited third responders partially replace them. Furthermore, this shift in clonal dominance occurs not only between, but also within, clonotypes specific for spike epitopes. Our study will be a valuable resource for understanding vaccine-induced T cell responses in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Aoki
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda City, Chiba 2780022, Japan; Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitabatake
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Nara 6348521, Japan
| | - Haruka Abe
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda City, Chiba 2780022, Japan
| | - Peng Xu
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda City, Chiba 2780022, Japan
| | - Mikiya Tsunoda
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda City, Chiba 2780022, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Shichino
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda City, Chiba 2780022, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hara
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Nara 6348521, Japan
| | - Noriko Ouji-Sageshima
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Nara 6348521, Japan
| | - Chihiro Motozono
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto 8600811, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Nara 6348521, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda City, Chiba 2780022, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueha
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda City, Chiba 2780022, Japan.
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15
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Girard B, Baum-Jones E, Best RL, Campbell TW, Coupart J, Dangerfield K, Dhal A, Jhatro M, Martinez B, Reifert J, Shon J, Zhang M, Waitz R, Chalkias S, Edwards DK, Maglinao M, Paris R, Pajon R. Profiling antibody epitopes induced by mRNA-1273 vaccination and boosters. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1285278. [PMID: 38562934 PMCID: PMC10983613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1285278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Characterizing the antibody epitope profiles of messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 can aid in elucidating the mechanisms underlying the antibody-mediated immune responses elicited by these vaccines. Methods This study investigated the distinct antibody epitopes toward the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein targeted after a two-dose primary series of mRNA-1273 followed by a booster dose of mRNA-1273 or a variant-updated vaccine among serum samples from clinical trial adult participants. Results Multiple S-specific epitopes were targeted after primary vaccination; while signal decreased over time, a booster dose after >6 months largely revived waning antibody signals. Epitope identity also changed after booster vaccination in some subjects, with four new S-specific epitopes detected with stronger signals after boosting than with primary vaccination. Notably, the strength of antibody responses after booster vaccination differed by the exact vaccine formulation, with variant-updated mRNA-1273.211 and mRNA-1273.617.2 booster formulations inducing significantly stronger S-specific signals than a mRNA-1273 booster. Conclusion Overall, these results identify key S-specific epitopes targeted by antibodies induced by mRNA-1273 primary and variant-updated booster vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Shon
- Serimmune, Goleta, CA, United States
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16
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Kumar S, Dasgupta S, Sajadi MM, Snyder GA, DeVico AL, Ray K. Discordant Antigenic Properties of Soluble and Virion SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins. Viruses 2024; 16:407. [PMID: 38543772 PMCID: PMC10974403 DOI: 10.3390/v16030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Efforts to develop vaccine and immunotherapeutic countermeasures against the COVID-19 pandemic focus on targeting the trimeric spike (S) proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines and therapeutic design strategies must impart the characteristics of virion S from historical and emerging variants onto practical constructs such as soluble, stabilized trimers. The virus spike is a heterotrimer of two subunits: S1, which includes the receptor binding domain (RBD) that binds the cell surface receptor ACE2, and S2, which mediates membrane fusion. Previous studies suggest that the antigenic, structural, and functional characteristics of virion S may differ from current soluble surrogates. For example, it was reported that certain anti-glycan, HIV-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies bind soluble SARS-CoV-2 S but do not neutralize SARS-CoV-2 virions. In this study, we used single-molecule fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) under physiologically relevant conditions to examine the reactivity of broadly neutralizing and non-neutralizing anti-S human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated in 2020. Binding efficiency was assessed by FCS with soluble S trimers, pseudoviruses and inactivated wild-type virions representing variants emerging from 2020 to date. Anti-glycan mAbs were tested and compared. We find that both anti-S specific and anti-glycan mAbs exhibit variable but efficient binding to a range of stabilized, soluble trimers. Across mAbs, the efficiencies of soluble S binding were positively correlated with reactivity against inactivated virions but not pseudoviruses. Binding efficiencies with pseudoviruses were generally lower than with soluble S or inactivated virions. Among neutralizing mAbs, potency did not correlate with binding efficiencies on any target. No neutralizing activity was detected with anti-glycan antibodies. Notably, the virion S released from membranes by detergent treatment gained more efficient reactivity with anti-glycan, HIV-neutralizing antibodies but lost reactivity with all anti-S mAbs. Collectively, the FCS binding data suggest that virion surfaces present appreciable amounts of both functional and nonfunctional trimers, with neutralizing anti-S favoring the former structures and non-neutralizing anti-glycan mAbs binding the latter. S released from solubilized virions represents a nonfunctional structure bound by anti-glycan mAbs, while engineered soluble trimers present a composite structure that is broadly reactive with both mAb types. The detection of disparate antigenicity and immunoreactivity profiles in engineered and virion-associated S highlight the value of single-virus analyses in designing future antiviral strategies against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Kumar
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Souradip Dasgupta
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mohammad M. Sajadi
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Clinical Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Greg A. Snyder
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Anthony L. DeVico
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Krishanu Ray
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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17
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Bae KH, Shunmuganathan B, Zhang L, Lim A, Gupta R, Wang Y, Chua BL, Wang Y, Gu Y, Qian X, Tan ISL, Purushotorman K, MacAry PA, White KP, Yang YY. Durable cross-protective neutralizing antibody responses elicited by lipid nanoparticle-formulated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:43. [PMID: 38396073 PMCID: PMC10891077 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of SARS-CoV-2 variants with defined mutations that augment pathogenicity and/or increase immune evasiveness continues to stimulate global efforts to improve vaccine formulation and efficacy. The extraordinary advantages of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), including versatile design, scalability, and reproducibility, make them ideal candidates for developing next-generation mRNA vaccines against circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we assess the efficacy of LNP-encapsulated mRNA booster vaccines encoding the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 for variants of concern (Delta, Omicron) and using a predecessor (YN2016C isolated from bats) strain spike protein to elicit durable cross-protective neutralizing antibody responses. The mRNA-LNP vaccines have desirable physicochemical characteristics, such as small size (~78 nm), low polydispersity index (<0.13), and high encapsulation efficiency (>90%). We employ in vivo bioluminescence imaging to illustrate the capacity of our LNPs to induce robust mRNA expression in secondary lymphoid organs. In a BALB/c mouse model, a three-dose subcutaneous immunization of mRNA-LNPs vaccines achieved remarkably high levels of cross-neutralization against the Omicron B1.1.529 and BA.2 variants for extended periods of time (28 weeks) with good safety profiles for all constructs when used in a booster regime, including the YN2016C bat virus sequences. These findings have important implications for the design of mRNA-LNP vaccines that aim to trigger durable cross-protective immunity against the current and newly emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyun Bae
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - Bhuvaneshwari Shunmuganathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Republic of Singapore
- NUS-Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Republic of Singapore
| | - Li Zhang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - Andrew Lim
- Provaxus, Inc, Dover, Delaware, 19901, USA
| | - Rashi Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Republic of Singapore
- NUS-Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yanming Wang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - Boon Lin Chua
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yang Wang
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis St, Singapore, 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Republic of Singapore
- NUS-Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xinlei Qian
- NUS-Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Republic of Singapore
| | - Isabelle Siang Ling Tan
- NUS-Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kiren Purushotorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Republic of Singapore
- NUS-Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Republic of Singapore
| | - Paul A MacAry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Republic of Singapore.
- NUS-Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Kevin P White
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis St, Singapore, 138672, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry and Precision Medicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore.
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18
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Dulin H, Barre RS, Xu D, Neal A, Vizcarra E, Chavez J, Ulu A, Yang MS, Khan SR, Wuang K, Bhakta N, Chea C, Wilson EH, Martinez-Sobrido L, Hai R. Harnessing preexisting influenza virus-specific immunity increases antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2. J Virol 2024; 98:e0157123. [PMID: 38206036 PMCID: PMC10878257 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01571-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In pandemic scenarios involving novel human pathogenic viruses, it is highly desirable that vaccines induce strong neutralizing antibodies as quickly as possible. However, current vaccine strategies require multiple immunization doses to produce high titers of neutralizing antibodies and are poorly protective after a single vaccination. We therefore wished to design a vaccine candidate that would induce increased protective immune responses following the first vaccine dose. We hypothesized that antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein could be increased by drawing upon immunity to a previous infection. We generated a fusion protein containing the influenza H1N1 PR8 virus nucleoprotein (NP) and the SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD. Mice with or without preexisting immunity to PR8 were then vaccinated with NP/RBD. We observed significantly increased SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in mice with PR8 immunity compared to mice without preexisting PR8 immunity. Vaccination with NP/RBD protected mice from SARS-CoV-2-induced morbidity and mortality after a single dose. Additionally, we compared SARS-CoV-2 virus titers in the lungs and nasal turbinates 4 days post-challenge of mice vaccinated with NP/RBD. SARS-CoV-2 virus was detectable in the lungs and nasal turbinate of mice without preexisting PR8 immunity, while SARS-CoV-2 virus was completely undetectable in mice with preexisting PR8 immunity. We also found that CD4-positive T cells in mice with preexisting immunity to PR8 play an essential role in producing the increased antibody response against RBD. This vaccine strategy potentially can be modified to target other pathogens of concern and offers extra value in future pandemic scenarios.IMPORTANCEIncreased globalization and changes in human interactions with wild animals has increased the likelihood of the emergence of novel viruses with pandemic potential. Vaccines can be effective in preventing severe disease caused by pandemic viruses. However, it takes time to develop protective immunity via prime-boost vaccination. More effective vaccine designs should quickly induce protective immunity. We propose leveraging preexisting immunity to a different pathogen to boost protection against emerging viruses. We targeted SARS-CoV-2 as a representative pandemic virus and generated a fusion protein vaccine that combines the nucleoprotein from influenza A virus and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Our vaccine design significantly increased the production of RBD-specific antibodies in mice that had previously been exposed to influenza virus, compared to those without previous exposure. This enhanced immunity reduced SARS-CoV-2 replication in mice. Our results offer a vaccine design that could be valuable in a future pandemic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Dulin
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
- Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Ramya S. Barre
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Duo Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Arrmund Neal
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Edward Vizcarra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jerald Chavez
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Arzu Ulu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Keidy Wuang
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Nikhil Bhakta
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Chanvoraboth Chea
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Emma H. Wilson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | | | - Rong Hai
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
- Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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19
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Metzdorf K, Jacobsen H, Kim Y, Teixeira Alves LG, Kulkarni U, Eschke K, Chaudhry MZ, Hoffmann M, Bertoglio F, Ruschig M, Hust M, Cokarić Brdovčak M, Materljan J, Šustić M, Krmpotić A, Jonjić S, Widera M, Ciesek S, Pöhlmann S, Landthaler M, Čičin-Šain L. A single-dose MCMV-based vaccine elicits long-lasting immune protection in mice against distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2022.11.25.517953. [PMID: 36482969 PMCID: PMC9727759 DOI: 10.1101/2022.11.25.517953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current vaccines against COVID-19 elicit immune responses that are overall strong but wane rapidly. As a consequence, the necessary booster shots have led to vaccine fatigue. Hence, vaccines that would provide lasting protection against COVID-19 are needed, but are still unavailable. Cytomegaloviruses (CMV) elicit lasting and uniquely strong immune responses. Used as vaccine vectors, they may be attractive tools that obviate the need for boosters. Therefore, we tested the murine CMV (MCMV) as a vaccine vector against COVID-19 in relevant preclinical models of immunization and challenge. We have previously developed a recombinant murine CMV (MCMV) vaccine vector expressing the spike protein of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (MCMVS). In this study, we show that the MCMVS elicits a robust and lasting protection in young and aged mice. Notably, S-specific humoral and cellular immunity was not only maintained but even increased over a period of at least 6 months. During that time, antibody avidity continuously increased and expanded in breadth, resulting in neutralization of genetically distant variants, like Omicron BA.1. A single dose of MCMVS conferred rapid virus clearance upon challenge. Moreover, MCMVS vaccination controlled two immune-evading variants of concern (VoCs), the Beta (B.1.135) and the Omicron (BA.1) variants. Thus, CMV vectors provide unique advantages over other vaccine technologies, eliciting broadly reactive and long-lasting immune responses against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Metzdorf
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Henning Jacobsen
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yeonsu Kim
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Luiz Gustavo Teixeira Alves
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Upasana Kulkarni
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Eschke
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M. Zeeshan Chaudhry
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Federico Bertoglio
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ruschig
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Jelena Materljan
- Center for Proteomics, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marko Šustić
- Center for Proteomics, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Astrid Krmpotić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Center for Proteomics, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marek Widera
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), External partner site Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luka Čičin-Šain
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture of HZI and MHH, Hannover, Germany
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20
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Hong E, Nwabuo CC, King A, Bocsi GT, Ashwood ER, Harry BL. Longitudinal Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Immunized Health Care Workers. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2024; 148:e36-e39. [PMID: 37596892 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2023-0014-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Many studies have depended on qualitative antibody assays to investigate questions related to COVID-19 infection, vaccination, and treatment. OBJECTIVE.— To evaluate immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in vaccinated individuals over time and characterize limitations of qualitative and quantitative antibody assays. DESIGN.— Longitudinal serum samples (n = 339) were collected from 72 health care workers vaccinated against COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels before, during, and after vaccination were measured by using a qualitative anti-spike protein IgG assay and a quantitative anti-S1 IgG assay. Assay results were compared to understand antibody dynamics related to vaccination. RESULTS.— Qualitative testing demonstrated 100% seroconversion after the first vaccine dose, peak IgG levels after the second vaccine dose, and a progressive 50% decline during the next 8 months. Quantitative testing demonstrated that IgG levels during and after vaccination were above the analytical measurement range. CONCLUSIONS.— Qualitative testing demonstrates expected changes in SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels related to sequential vaccine doses and time since antigen exposure. However, proportional changes in the associated numerical signals are very likely inaccurate. Adoption of standardized quantitative SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing with a broad analytical measurement range is essential to determine a correlate of protection from COVID-19 that can be scaled for widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Hong
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (Hong, Nwabuo, Bocsi, Ashwood, Harry)
| | - Chike C Nwabuo
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (Hong, Nwabuo, Bocsi, Ashwood, Harry)
| | - Angelina King
- Clinical Laboratory Services, UCHealth, Aurora, Colorado (King)
| | - Gregary T Bocsi
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (Hong, Nwabuo, Bocsi, Ashwood, Harry)
| | - Edward R Ashwood
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (Hong, Nwabuo, Bocsi, Ashwood, Harry)
| | - Brian L Harry
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (Hong, Nwabuo, Bocsi, Ashwood, Harry)
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21
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Rocco JM, Boswell KL, Laidlaw E, Epling B, Anderson M, Serebryannyy L, Narpala S, O'Connell S, Kalish H, Kelly S, Porche S, Oguz C, McDermott A, Manion M, Koup RA, Lisco A, Sereti I. Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in people with idiopathic CD4 lymphopenia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:503-512. [PMID: 38344971 PMCID: PMC10861932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines is variable in individuals with different inborn errors of immunity or acquired immune deficiencies and is yet unknown in people with idiopathic CD4 lymphopenia (ICL). OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines in patients with ICL with a broad range of CD4 T-cell counts. METHODS Samples were collected from 25 patients with ICL and 23 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs) after their second or third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dose. Anti-spike and anti-receptor binding domain antibodies were measured. T-cell receptor sequencing and stimulation assays were performed to quantify SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses. RESULTS The median age of ICL participants was 51 years, and their median CD4 count was 150 cells/μL; 11 participants had CD4 counts ≤100 cells/μL. Anti-spike IgG antibody levels were greater in HVs than in patients with ICL after 2 and 3 doses of mRNA vaccine. There was no detectable significant difference, however, in anti-S IgG between HVs and participants with ICL and CD4 counts >100 cells/μL. The depth of spike-specific T-cell responses by T-cell receptor sequencing was lower in individuals with ICL. Activation-induced markers and cytokine production of spike-specific CD4 T cells in participants with ICL did not differ significantly compared with HVs after 2 or 3 vaccine doses. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ICL and CD4 counts >100 cells/μL can mount vigorous humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination; however, patients with more severe CD4 lymphopenia have blunted vaccine-induced immunity and may require additional vaccine doses and other risk mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Rocco
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Kristin L Boswell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Elizabeth Laidlaw
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Brian Epling
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Megan Anderson
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Leonid Serebryannyy
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Sandeep Narpala
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Sarah O'Connell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Heather Kalish
- Trans-NIH Shared Resource on Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Sophie Kelly
- Trans-NIH Shared Resource on Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Sarah Porche
- Trans-NIH Shared Resource on Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Cihan Oguz
- Integrated Data Sciences Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Adrian McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Maura Manion
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Andrea Lisco
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Irini Sereti
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
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22
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Doijen J, Heo I, Temmerman K, Vermeulen P, Diels A, Jaensch S, Burcin M, Van den Broeck N, Raeymaekers V, Peremans J, Konings K, Clement M, Peeters D, Van Loock M, Koul A, Buyck C, Van Gool M, Van Damme E. A flexible, image-based, high-throughput platform encompassing in-depth cell profiling to identify broad-spectrum coronavirus antivirals with limited off-target effects. Antiviral Res 2024; 222:105789. [PMID: 38158129 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The recent pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) posed a major threat to global health. Although the World Health Organization ended the public health emergency status, antiviral drugs are needed to address new variants of SARS-CoV-2 and future pandemics. To identify novel broad-spectrum coronavirus drugs, we developed a high-content imaging platform compatible with high-throughput screening. The platform is broadly applicable as it can be adapted to include various cell types, viruses, antibodies, and dyes. We demonstrated that the antiviral activity of compounds against SARS-CoV-2 variants (Omicron BA.5 and Omicron XBB.1.5), SARS-CoV, and human coronavirus 229E could easily be assessed. The inclusion of cellular dyes and immunostaining in combination with in-depth image analysis enabled us to identify compounds that induced undesirable phenotypes in host cells, such as changes in cell morphology or in lysosomal activity. With the platform, we screened ∼900K compounds and triaged hits, thereby identifying potential candidate compounds carrying broad-spectrum activity with limited off-target effects. The flexibility and early-stage identification of compounds with limited host cell effects provided by this high-content imaging platform can facilitate coronavirus drug discovery. We anticipate that its rapid deployability and fast turnaround can also be applied to combat future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Doijen
- Global Public Health R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Inha Heo
- Therapeutics Discovery R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Koen Temmerman
- Therapeutics Discovery R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Peter Vermeulen
- Therapeutics Discovery R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Annick Diels
- Therapeutics Discovery R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Steffen Jaensch
- Therapeutics Discovery R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Mark Burcin
- Therapeutics Discovery R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | | | | | - Joren Peremans
- Charles River Laboratories, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Katrien Konings
- Charles River Laboratories, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Maxime Clement
- Charles River Laboratories, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Danielle Peeters
- Therapeutics Discovery R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Marnix Van Loock
- Global Public Health R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Anil Koul
- Global Public Health R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Christophe Buyck
- Therapeutics Discovery R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Michiel Van Gool
- Therapeutics Discovery R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Ellen Van Damme
- Global Public Health R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
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23
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Martínez-Quezada R, Miguel-Rodríguez CE, Ramírez-Lozada T, Valencia-Ledezma OE, Acosta-Altamirano G. Placental Transfer Efficiency of Neutralizing Antibodies on SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination before and after Pregnancy in Mexican Women. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1516. [PMID: 38338795 PMCID: PMC10855582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The protection of the neonate against pathogens depends largely on the antibodies transferred placentally from the mother; for this reason, maternal vaccination against emerging viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, is of vital importance. Knowing some of the immunogenic factors that could alter the placental transfer of antibodies could aid in understanding the immune response and neonatal protection after maternal vaccination. In this study, we analyzed the efficiency of the placental transfer of binding and neutralizing antibodies, as well as some factors that could alter the passive immune response, such as the trimester of gestation at the time of immunization, the number of doses received by the mother and the type of vaccine. Binding IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA, and the detection of neutralizing antibodies was carried out using flow cytometry. Our results show efficient transfer rates (>1), which are higher when maternal vaccination occurs during the third trimester of gestation. Antibodies are detectable in mothers and their neonates after 12 months of maternal immunization, suggesting than the vaccination against COVID-19 before and during pregnancy in the Mexican population induces a lasting neutralizing response in mothers and their newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martínez-Quezada
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (R.M.-Q.); (C.E.M.-R.); (O.E.V.-L.)
- Consejo Mexiquense de Ciencia y Tecnología (COMECYT), Paseo Colón N° 112-A, Ciprés, Toluca 50120, Mexico
| | - Carlos Emilio Miguel-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (R.M.-Q.); (C.E.M.-R.); (O.E.V.-L.)
| | - Tito Ramírez-Lozada
- Unidad de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico;
| | - Omar Esteban Valencia-Ledezma
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (R.M.-Q.); (C.E.M.-R.); (O.E.V.-L.)
| | - Gustavo Acosta-Altamirano
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (R.M.-Q.); (C.E.M.-R.); (O.E.V.-L.)
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24
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González-Sánchez ÓA, Zaldívar D, Cuevas E, González-Ortiz LJ. Mathematical Optimization Strategy for Effectiveness Profile Estimation in Two-Dose Vaccines and Its Use in Designing Improved Vaccination Strategies Focused on Pandemic Containment. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:81. [PMID: 38250894 PMCID: PMC10819090 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Since late 2019, most efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic have focused on developing vaccines. By mid-2020, some vaccines fulfilled international regulations for their application. However, these vaccines have shown a decline in effectiveness several weeks after the last dose, highlighting the need to optimize vaccine administration due to supply chain limitations. While methods exist to prioritize population groups for vaccination, there is a lack of research on how to optimally define the time between doses when two-dose vaccines are administrated to such groups. Under such conditions, modeling the real effect of each vaccine on the population is critical. Even though several efforts have been made to characterize vaccine effectiveness profiles, none of these initiatives enable characterization of the individual effect of each dose. Thus, this paper presents a novel methodology for estimating the vaccine effectiveness profile. It addresses the vaccine characterization problem by considering a deconvolution of relevant data profiles, treating them as an optimization process. The results of this approach enabled the independent estimation of the effectiveness profiles for the first and second vaccine doses and their use to find sweet spots for designing efficient vaccination strategies. Our methodology can enable a more effective and efficient contemporary response against the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as for any other disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar A. González-Sánchez
- Division of Technologies for the Cyber-Human Integration, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering (CUCEI), University of Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Col. Olímpica, Guadalajara CP 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (D.Z.); (E.C.)
| | - Daniel Zaldívar
- Division of Technologies for the Cyber-Human Integration, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering (CUCEI), University of Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Col. Olímpica, Guadalajara CP 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (D.Z.); (E.C.)
| | - Erik Cuevas
- Division of Technologies for the Cyber-Human Integration, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering (CUCEI), University of Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Col. Olímpica, Guadalajara CP 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (D.Z.); (E.C.)
| | - L. Javier González-Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering (CUCEI), University of Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Col. Olímpica, Guadalajara CP 44430, Jalisco, Mexico;
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25
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Sui Y, Andersen H, Li J, Hoang T, Minai M, Nagata BM, Bock KW, Alves DA, Lewis MG, Berzofsky JA. SARS-CoV-2 mucosal vaccine protects against clinical disease with sex bias in efficacy. Vaccine 2024; 42:339-351. [PMID: 38071106 PMCID: PMC10843685 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
Intranasal mucosal vaccines can more effectively induce mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we show in hamsters that an intranasal subunit mucosal vaccine boost with the beta variant S1 can prevent weight loss, in addition to reducing viral load, which cannot be studied in macaques that don't develop COVID-like disease. Protective efficacy against both viral load and weight loss correlated with serum antibody titers. A sex bias was detected in that immune responses and protection against viral load were greater in females than males. We also found that priming with S1 from the Wuhan strain elicited lower humoral immune responses against beta variant and led to less protection against beta viral challenge, suggesting the importance of matched antigens. The greater efficacy of mucosal vaccines in the upper respiratory tract and the need to consider sex differences in vaccine protection are important in the development of future improved COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Sui
- Vaccine Branch, Center of for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | - Jianping Li
- Vaccine Branch, Center of for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tanya Hoang
- Vaccine Branch, Center of for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mahnaz Minai
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Bianca M Nagata
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Kevin W Bock
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Derron A Alves
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | | | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center of for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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26
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Liu F, Deng P, He J, Chen X, Jiang X, Yan Q, Xu J, Hu S, Yan J. A regional genomic surveillance program is implemented to monitor the occurrence and emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Yubei District, China. Virol J 2024; 21:13. [PMID: 38191416 PMCID: PMC10775548 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In December 2022, Chongqing experienced a significant surge in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic after adjusting control measures in China. Given the widespread immunization of the population with the BA.5 variant, it is crucial to actively monitor severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant evolution in Chongqing's Yubei district. METHODS In this retrospective study based on whole genome sequencing, we collected oropharyngeal and nasal swab of native COVID-19 cases from Yubei district between January to May 2023, along with imported cases from January 2022 to January 2023. Through second-generation sequencing, we generated a total of 578 genomes. RESULTS Phylogenetic analyses revealed these genomes belong to 47 SARS-CoV-2 Pango lineages. BA.5.2.48 was dominant from January to April 2023, rapidly replaced by XBB* variants from April to May 2023. Bayesian Skyline Plot reconstructions indicated a higher evolutionary rate (6.973 × 10-4 subs/site/year) for the XBB.1.5* lineage compared to others. The mean time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of BA.5.2.48* closely matched BA.2.75* (May 27, 2022). Using multinomial logistic regression, we estimated growth advantages, with XBB.1.9.1 showing the highest growth advantage (1.2, 95% HPI:1.1-1.2), followed by lineage FR.1 (1.1, 95% HPI:1.1-1.2). CONCLUSIONS Our monitoring reveals the rapid replacement of the previously prevalent BA.5.2.48 variant by XBB and its sub-variants, underscoring the ineffectiveness of herd immunity and breakthrough BA.5 infections against XBB variants. Given the ongoing evolutionary pressure, sustaining a SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance program is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Liu
- Chongqing Yubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Deng
- Chongqing Yubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiuhong He
- Chongqing Yubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Chongqing Yubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Chongqing Yubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Chongqing Yubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Chongqing Yubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Sihan Hu
- Chongqing Yubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Chongqing Yubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China.
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27
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Kopel H, Bogdanov A, Winer-Jones JP, Adams C, Winer IH, Bonafede M, Nguyen VH, Mansi JA. Comparison of COVID-19 and Influenza-Related Outcomes in the United States during Fall-Winter 2022-2023: A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study. Diseases 2024; 12:16. [PMID: 38248367 PMCID: PMC10814040 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza and COVID-19 contribute significantly to the infectious disease burden during the respiratory season, but their relative burden remains unknown. This study characterizes the frequency and severity of medically attended COVID-19 and influenza during the peak of the 2022-2023 influenza season in the pediatric, adult, and older adult populations and characterizes the prevalence of underlying conditions among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. This cross-sectional analysis included individuals in the Veradigm EHR Database linked to Komodo claims data with a medical encounter between 1 October 2022 and 31 March 2023 (study period). Patients with medical encounters were identified with a diagnosis of COVID-19 or influenza during the study period and stratified based on the highest level of care received with that diagnosis. Among 23,526,196 individuals, there were more COVID-19-related medical encounters than influenza-related encounters, overall and by outcome. Hospitalizations with COVID-19 were more common than hospitalizations with influenza overall (incidence ratio = 4.6) and in all age groups. Nearly all adults hospitalized with COVID-19 had at least one underlying medical condition, but 37.1% of 0-5-year-olds and 25.0% of 6-17-year-olds had no underlying medical conditions. COVID-19 was associated greater burden than influenza during the peak of the 2022-2023 influenza season.
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28
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Cosenza LC, Marzaro G, Zurlo M, Gasparello J, Zuccato C, Finotti A, Gambari R. Inhibitory effects of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and BNT162b2 vaccine on erythropoietin-induced globin gene expression in erythroid precursor cells from patients with β-thalassemia. Exp Hematol 2024; 129:104128. [PMID: 37939833 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
During the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic several patients with β-thalassemia have been infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), and most patients were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Recent studies demonstrate an impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the hematopoietic system. The main objective of this study was to verify the effects of exposure of erythroid precursor cells (ErPCs) from patients with β-thalassemia to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-protein) and the BNT162b2 vaccine. Erythropoietin (EPO)-cultured ErPCs have been either untreated or treated with S-protein or BNT162b2 vaccine. The employed ErPCs were from a β-thalassemia cellular Biobank developed before the COVID-19 pandemic. The genotypes were β+-IVSI-110/β+-IVSI-110 (one patient), β039/β+-IVSI-110 (3 patients), and β039/ β039 (2 patients). After treatment with S-protein or BNT162b2 for 5 days, lysates were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), for hemoglobin production, and isolated RNA was assayed by RT-qPCR, for detection of globin gene expression. The main conclusions of the results obtained are that SARS-CoV-2 S-protein and BNT162b2 vaccine (a) inhibit fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production by β-thalassemic ErPCs and (b) inhibit γ-globin mRNA accumulation. In addition, we have performed in silico studies suggesting a high affinity of S-protein to HbF. Remarkably, the binding interaction energy of fetal hemoglobin to S-protein was comparable with that of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis of a relevant impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination on the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Carmela Cosenza
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marzaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Zurlo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jessica Gasparello
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristina Zuccato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Center "Chiara Gemmo and Elio Zago" for the Research on Thalassemia, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Center "Chiara Gemmo and Elio Zago" for the Research on Thalassemia, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Center "Chiara Gemmo and Elio Zago" for the Research on Thalassemia, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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29
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Esteban I, Pastor-Quiñones C, Usero L, Aurrecoechea E, Franceschini L, Esprit A, Gelpí JL, Martínez-Jiménez F, López-Bigas N, Breckpot K, Thielemans K, Leal L, Gómez CE, Sisteré-Oró M, Meyerhans A, Esteban M, Alonso MJ, García F, Plana M. Assessment of Human SARS CoV-2-Specific T-Cell Responses Elicited In Vitro by New Computationally Designed mRNA Immunogens (COVARNA). Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:15. [PMID: 38250827 PMCID: PMC10820377 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant changes and advances in the field of vaccination, including the implementation and widespread use of encapsidated mRNA vaccines in general healthcare practice. Here, we present two new mRNAs expressing antigenic parts of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and provide data supporting their functionality. The first mRNA, called RBD-mRNA, encodes a trimeric form of the virus spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD). The other mRNA, termed T-mRNA, codes for the relevant HLA I and II spike epitopes. The two mRNAs (COVARNA mRNAs) were designed to be used for delivery to cells in combination, with the RBD-mRNA being the primary source of antigen and the T-mRNA working as an enhancer of immunogenicity by supporting CD4 and CD8 T-cell activation. This innovative approach substantially differs from other available mRNA vaccines, which are largely directed to antibody production by the entire spike protein. In this study, we first show that both mRNAs are functionally transfected into human antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We obtained peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from three groups of voluntary donors differing in their immunity against SARS-CoV-2: non-infected (naïve), infected-recovered (convalescent), and vaccinated. Using an established method of co-culturing autologous human dendritic cells (hDCs) with T-cells, we detected proliferation and cytokine secretion, thus demonstrating the ability of the COVARNA mRNAs to activate T-cells in an antigen-specific way. Interestingly, important differences in the intensity of the response between the infected-recovered (convalescent) and vaccinated donors were observed, with the levels of T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion (IFNγ, IL-2R, and IL-13) being higher in the vaccinated group. In summary, our data support the further study of these mRNAs as a combined approach for future use as a vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Esteban
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (I.E.); (C.P.-Q.); (L.U.); (E.A.); or (L.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Carmen Pastor-Quiñones
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (I.E.); (C.P.-Q.); (L.U.); (E.A.); or (L.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Lorena Usero
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (I.E.); (C.P.-Q.); (L.U.); (E.A.); or (L.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Elena Aurrecoechea
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (I.E.); (C.P.-Q.); (L.U.); (E.A.); or (L.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Franceschini
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (L.F.); (A.E.); (K.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Arthur Esprit
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (L.F.); (A.E.); (K.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Josep Lluís Gelpí
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Martínez-Jiménez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (F.M.-J.); (N.L.-B.)
| | - Núria López-Bigas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (F.M.-J.); (N.L.-B.)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (L.F.); (A.E.); (K.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (L.F.); (A.E.); (K.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Lorna Leal
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (I.E.); (C.P.-Q.); (L.U.); (E.A.); or (L.L.); (F.G.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Elena Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.E.G.); (M.E.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Sisteré-Oró
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Andreas Meyerhans
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain;
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.E.G.); (M.E.)
| | - María José Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Felipe García
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (I.E.); (C.P.-Q.); (L.U.); (E.A.); or (L.L.); (F.G.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Plana
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (I.E.); (C.P.-Q.); (L.U.); (E.A.); or (L.L.); (F.G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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30
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Zurlo M, Gasparello J, Verona M, Papi C, Cosenza LC, Finotti A, Marzaro G, Gambari R. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine suppresses mithramycin-induced erythroid differentiation and expression of embryo-fetal globin genes in human erythroleukemia K562 cells. Exp Cell Res 2023; 433:113853. [PMID: 37944576 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causative of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (S-protein) plays an important role in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection through efficient interaction with ACE2. The S-protein is produced by RNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, that were fundamental for the reduction of the viral spread within the population and the clinical severity of COVID-19. However, the S-protein has been hypothesized to be responsible for damaging cells of several tissues and for some important side effects of RNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. Considering the impact of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infection on the hematopoietic system, the aim of this study was to verify the effect of the BNT162b2 vaccine on erythroid differentiation of the human K562 cell line, that has been in the past intensively studied as a model system mimicking some steps of erythropoiesis. In this context, we focused on hemoglobin production and induced expression of embryo-fetal globin genes, that are among the most important features of K562 erythroid differentiation. We found that the BNT162b2 vaccine suppresses mithramycin-induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. Reverse-transcription-qPCR and Western blotting assays demonstrated that suppression of erythroid differentiation was associated with sharp inhibition of the expression of α-globin and γ-globin mRNA accumulation. Inhibition of accumulation of ζ-globin and ε-globin mRNAs was also observed. In addition, we provide in silico studies suggesting a direct interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and Hb Portland, that is the major hemoglobin produced by K562 cells. This study thus provides information suggesting the need of great attention on possible alteration of hematopoietic parameters following SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zurlo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Jessica Gasparello
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Verona
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Papi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucia Carmela Cosenza
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Center 'Chiara Gemmo and Elio Zago' for the Research on Thalassemia, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marzaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Center 'Chiara Gemmo and Elio Zago' for the Research on Thalassemia, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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31
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Kibria MG, Lavine CL, Tang W, Wang S, Gao H, Shi W, Zhu H, Voyer J, Rits‐Volloch S, Keerti, Bi C, Peng H, Wesemann DR, Lu J, Xie H, Seaman MS, Chen B. Antibody-mediated SARS-CoV-2 entry in cultured cells. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57724. [PMID: 38277394 PMCID: PMC10702815 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters host cells by first engaging its cellular receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to induce conformational changes in the virus-encoded spike protein and fusion between the viral and target cell membranes. Here, we report that certain monoclonal neutralizing antibodies against distinct epitopic regions of the receptor-binding domain of the spike can replace ACE2 to serve as a receptor and efficiently support membrane fusion and viral infectivity in vitro. These receptor-like antibodies can function in the form of a complex of their soluble immunoglobulin G with Fc-gamma receptor I, a chimera of their antigen-binding fragment with the transmembrane domain of ACE2 or a membrane-bound B cell receptor, indicating that ACE2 and its specific interaction with the spike protein are dispensable for SARS-CoV-2 entry. These results suggest that antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 may help expand the viral tropism to otherwise nonpermissive cell types with potential implications for viral transmission and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Golam Kibria
- Division of Molecular MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Department of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Christy L Lavine
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
| | - Weichun Tang
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMDUSA
| | | | - Hailong Gao
- Division of Molecular MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Department of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Molecular MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Department of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Haisun Zhu
- Institute for Protein Innovation, Harvard Institutes of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Jewel Voyer
- Division of Molecular MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Keerti
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and HarvardBostonMAUSA
| | - Caihong Bi
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and HarvardBostonMAUSA
| | - Hanqin Peng
- Division of Molecular MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Duane R Wesemann
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and HarvardBostonMAUSA
| | - Jianming Lu
- Codex BioSolutions, Inc.RockvilleMDUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular BiologyGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Hang Xie
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMDUSA
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
| | - Bing Chen
- Division of Molecular MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Department of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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Paneerselvam N, Khan A, Lawson BR. Broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting HIV: Progress and challenges. Clin Immunol 2023; 257:109809. [PMID: 37852345 PMCID: PMC10872707 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Anti-HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) offer a novel approach to treating, preventing, or curing HIV. Pre-clinical models and clinical trials involving the passive transfer of bNAbs have demonstrated that they can control viremia and potentially serve as alternatives or complement antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, antibody decay, persistent latent reservoirs, and resistance impede bNAb treatment. This review discusses recent advancements and obstacles in applying bNAbs and proposes strategies to enhance their therapeutic potential. These strategies include multi-epitope targeting, antibody half-life extension, combining with current and newer antiretrovirals, and sustained antibody secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amber Khan
- The Scintillon Research Institute, 6868 Nancy Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Brian R Lawson
- The Scintillon Research Institute, 6868 Nancy Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Lin CW, Liang YL, Chuang MT, Tseng CH, Tsai PY, Su MT. Clinical outcomes of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir use in pregnant women during the Omicron wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1942-1946. [PMID: 37871360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paxlovid is an oral drug composed of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir that has been demonstrated to be effective in decreasing the risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we report the use of paxlovid in pregnant women with COVID-19. METHODS Pregnant women attending a tertiary referral hospital in Taiwan from 29 April to 30 July 2022 were enrolled in the study. We compared baseline characteristics, clinical manifestations, and adverse events between paxlovid-treated women and those without paxlovid use. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were analysed in women who delivered during the study period. RESULTS A total of 30 paxlovid-treated pregnant women and 55 women without paxlovid use were included in the analysis. The mean duration of COVID-19-associated symptoms in the paxlovid-treated women was shorter than that in the control group (10.10 days versus 15.59 days, p = 0.04). No severe adverse events due to paxlovid use were observed. Dysgeusia and diarrhoea were the most common adverse effects. Thirteen paxlovid-treated and 28 untreated women delivered during the study period. More pregnant women in the paxlovid group who delivered during the study period underwent caesarean delivery compared to the group without antiviral treatment (10 of 13 [76.92%] versus 12 of 28 [42.86%], p = 0.042), and insignificantly more newborns were born small for gestational age in the paxlovid group compared to the control group (3 of 13 [23.08%] versus 1 of 28 [3.57%], p = 0.086). CONCLUSION Our study showed that paxlovid was effective and safe for pregnant women during the Omicron wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A higher proportion of caesarean delivery rates was observed among paxlovid-treated women. Long-term follow-up of pregnant women exposed to paxlovid and their offspring is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ling Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Ta Chuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Han Tseng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Yin Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Tsz Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Vergori A, Cozzi-Lepri A, Matusali G, Cicalini S, Bordoni V, Meschi S, Mazzotta V, Colavita F, Fusto M, Cimini E, Notari S, D’Aquila V, Lanini S, Lapa D, Gagliardini R, Mariotti D, Giannico G, Girardi E, Vaia F, Agrati C, Maggi F, Antinori A. Long Term Assessment of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunogenicity after mRNA Vaccine in Persons Living with HIV. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1739. [PMID: 38140145 PMCID: PMC10747871 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Waning of neutralizing and cell-mediated immune response after the primary vaccine cycle (PVC) and the first booster dose (BD) is of concern, especially for PLWH with a CD4 count ≤200 cells/mm3. (2) Methods: Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) titers by microneutralization assay against WD614G/Omicron BA.1 and IFNγ production by ELISA assay were measured in samples of PLWH at four time points [2 and 4 months post-PVC (T1 and T2), 2 weeks and 5 months after the BD (T3 and T4)]. Participants were stratified by CD4 count after PVC (LCD4, ≤200/mm3; ICD4, 201-500/mm3, and HCD4, >500/mm3). Mixed models were used to compare mean responses over T1-T4 across CD4 groups. (3) Results: 314 PLWH on ART (LCD4 = 56; ICD4 = 120; HCD4 = 138) were enrolled. At T2, levels of nAbs were significantly lower in LCD4 vs. ICD4/HCD4 (p = 0.04). The BD was crucial for increasing nAbs titers above 1:40 at T3 and up to T4 for WD614G. A positive T cell response after PVC was observed in all groups, regardless of CD4 (p = 0.31). (4) Conclusions: Waning of nAbs after PVC was more important in LCD4 group. The BD managed to re-establish higher levels of nAbs against WD614G, which were retained for 5 months, but for shorter time for Omicron BA.1. The T cellular response in the LCD4 group was lower than that seen in participants with higher CD4 count, but, importantly, it remained above detectable levels over the entire study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Vergori
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (S.C.); (V.M.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (R.G.); (G.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri
- Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation (CREME), Institute of Global Health, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Giulia Matusali
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (S.M.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Stefania Cicalini
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (S.C.); (V.M.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (R.G.); (G.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Veronica Bordoni
- Unit of Pathogen Specific Immunity, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (C.A.)
| | - Silvia Meschi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (S.M.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Valentina Mazzotta
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (S.C.); (V.M.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (R.G.); (G.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Francesca Colavita
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (S.M.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Marisa Fusto
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (S.C.); (V.M.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (R.G.); (G.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Eleonora Cimini
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Stefania Notari
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Veronica D’Aquila
- Department of System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Simone Lanini
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (S.C.); (V.M.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (R.G.); (G.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Daniele Lapa
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (S.M.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Roberta Gagliardini
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (S.C.); (V.M.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (R.G.); (G.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Davide Mariotti
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (S.M.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Giuseppina Giannico
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (S.C.); (V.M.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (R.G.); (G.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Enrico Girardi
- Scientific Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Vaia
- General Directorate of Prevention, Ministry of Health, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Unit of Pathogen Specific Immunity, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (C.A.)
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (S.M.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Andrea Antinori
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (S.C.); (V.M.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (R.G.); (G.G.); (A.A.)
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Sheehan J, Ardizzone CM, Khanna M, Trauth AJ, Hagensee ME, Ramsay AJ. Dynamics of Serum-Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Vaccinees through Multiple Doses of the BNT162b2 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1720. [PMID: 38006052 PMCID: PMC10675463 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are administered as effective prophylactic measures for reducing virus transmission rates and disease severity. To enhance the durability of post-vaccination immunity and combat SARS-CoV-2 variants, boosters have been administered to two-dose vaccinees. However, long-term humoral responses following booster vaccination are not well characterized. A 16-member cohort of healthy SARS-CoV-2 naïve participants were enrolled in this study during a three-dose BNT162b2 vaccine series. Serum samples were collected from vaccinees over 420 days and screened for antigen (Ag)-specific antibody titers, IgG subclass distribution, and neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses. Vaccine boosting restored peak Ag-specific titers with sustained α-RBD IgG and IgA antibody responses when measured at six months post-boost. RBD- and spike-specific IgG4 antibody levels were markedly elevated in three-dose but not two-dose immune sera. Although strong neutralization responses were detected in two- and three-dose vaccine sera, these rapidly decayed to pre-immune levels by four and six months, respectively. While boosters enhanced serum IgG Ab reactivity and nAb responses against variant strains, all variants tested showed resistance to two- and three-dose immune sera. Our data reflect the poor durability of vaccine-induced nAb responses which are a strong predictor of protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. The induction of IgG4-switched humoral responses may permit extended viral persistence via the downregulation of Fc-mediated effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Sheehan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Caleb M. Ardizzone
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mayank Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Amber J. Trauth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Michael E. Hagensee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Alistair J. Ramsay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Kuczkowska K, Bjerkan L, Stubsrud E, Husbyn HC, Chellappa S, Hauge A, Skarshaug R, Torgersen ML, Heim JB, Jørgensen MJ, Wold CW, Schleimann MH, Tolstrup M, Granum S, Fredriksen AB, Pedersen MW, Norheim G. A novel SARS-CoV-2 Beta RBD DNA vaccine directly targeted to antigen-presenting cells induces strong humoral and T cell responses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18902. [PMID: 37919366 PMCID: PMC10622562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, several variants of concern (VoC) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have evolved, affecting the efficacy of the approved COVID-19 vaccines. To address the need for vaccines that induce strong and persistent cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses, we developed a prophylactic SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate based on our easily and rapidly adaptable plasmid DNA vaccine platform. The vaccine candidate, referred to here as VB2129, encodes a protein homodimer consisting of the receptor binding domain (RBD) from lineage B.1.351 (Beta) of SARS-CoV-2, a VoC with a severe immune profile, linked to a targeting unit (human LD78β/CCL3L1) that binds chemokine receptors on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and a dimerization unit (derived from the hinge and CH3 exons of human IgG3). Immunogenicity studies in mice demonstrated that the APC-targeted vaccine induced strong antibody responses to both homologous Beta RBD and heterologous RBDs derived from Wuhan, Alpha, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 variants, as well as cross-neutralizing antibodies against these VoC. Overall, preclinical data justify the exploration of VB2129 as a potential booster vaccine that induces broader antibody- and T cell-based protection against current and future SARS-CoV-2 VoC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kuczkowska
- Nykode Therapeutics AS, Oslo Research Park, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Louise Bjerkan
- Nykode Therapeutics AS, Oslo Research Park, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Stubsrud
- Nykode Therapeutics AS, Oslo Research Park, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Stalin Chellappa
- Nykode Therapeutics AS, Oslo Research Park, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
- Veterinærinstituttet, Elizabeth Stephansens Vei 1, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Anette Hauge
- Nykode Therapeutics AS, Oslo Research Park, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Renate Skarshaug
- Nykode Therapeutics AS, Oslo Research Park, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Joel Benjamin Heim
- Nykode Therapeutics AS, Oslo Research Park, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Mariane Høgsbjerg Schleimann
- Department of Clinical Medicine/Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 45, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Clinical Medicine/Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 45, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Stine Granum
- Nykode Therapeutics AS, Oslo Research Park, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Gunnstein Norheim
- Nykode Therapeutics AS, Oslo Research Park, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
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Rose AM, Nicolay N, Sandonis Martín V, Mazagatos C, Petrović G, Baruch J, Denayer S, Seyler L, Domegan L, Launay O, Machado A, Burgui C, Vaikutyte R, Niessen FA, Loghin II, Husa P, Aouali N, Panagiotakopoulos G, Tolksdorf K, Horváth JK, Howard J, Pozo F, Gallardo V, Nonković D, Džiugytė A, Bossuyt N, Demuyser T, Duffy R, Luong Nguyen LB, Kislaya I, Martínez-Baz I, Gefenaite G, Knol MJ, Popescu C, Součková L, Simon M, Michelaki S, Reiche J, Ferenczi A, Delgado-Sanz C, Lovrić Makarić Z, Cauchi JP, Barbezange C, Van Nedervelde E, O'Donnell J, Durier C, Guiomar R, Castilla J, Jonikaite I, Bruijning-Verhagen PC, Lazar M, Demlová R, Wirtz G, Amerali M, Dürrwald R, Kunstár MP, Kissling E, Bacci S, Valenciano M. Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalisation in adults (≥ 20 years) during Omicron-dominant circulation: I-MOVE-COVID-19 and VEBIS SARI VE networks, Europe, 2021 to 2022. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2300187. [PMID: 37997665 PMCID: PMC10668256 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.47.2300187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe I-MOVE-COVID-19 and VEBIS hospital networks have been measuring COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in participating European countries since early 2021.AimWe aimed to measure VE against PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in patients ≥ 20 years hospitalised with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) from December 2021 to July 2022 (Omicron-dominant period).MethodsIn both networks, 46 hospitals (13 countries) follow a similar test-negative case-control protocol. We defined complete primary series vaccination (PSV) and first booster dose vaccination as last dose of either vaccine received ≥ 14 days before symptom onset (stratifying first booster into received < 150 and ≥ 150 days after last PSV dose). We measured VE overall, by vaccine category/product, age group and time since first mRNA booster dose, adjusting by site as a fixed effect, and by swab date, age, sex, and presence/absence of at least one commonly collected chronic condition.ResultsWe included 2,779 cases and 2,362 controls. The VE of all vaccine products combined against hospitalisation for laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 was 43% (95% CI: 29-54) for complete PSV (with last dose received ≥ 150 days before onset), while it was 59% (95% CI: 51-66) after addition of one booster dose. The VE was 85% (95% CI: 78-89), 70% (95% CI: 61-77) and 36% (95% CI: 17-51) for those with onset 14-59 days, 60-119 days and 120-179 days after booster vaccination, respectively.ConclusionsOur results suggest that, during the Omicron period, observed VE against SARI hospitalisation improved with first mRNA booster dose, particularly for those having symptom onset < 120 days after first booster dose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie Nicolay
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Clara Mazagatos
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Joaquin Baruch
- IDCU within Health promotion and disease prevention Directorate, G'mangia, Malta
| | | | - Lucie Seyler
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lisa Domegan
- Health Service Executive-Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Odile Launay
- Inserm, CIC Cochin-Pasteur, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris City, Paris, France
| | - Ausenda Machado
- National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Burgui
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra-IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - F Annabel Niessen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Isabela I Loghin
- St. Parascheva Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Iasi, Romania
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Petr Husa
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | | | | | | | - Judit Krisztina Horváth
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Francisco Pozo
- National Centre for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virtudes Gallardo
- Dirección General de Salud Pública y Ordenación Farmacéutica, Junta de Andalucía, Spain
| | - Diana Nonković
- Teaching Public Health Institute of Split-Dalmatia County, Split, Croatia
| | - Aušra Džiugytė
- IDCU within Health promotion and disease prevention Directorate, G'mangia, Malta
| | | | | | - Róisín Duffy
- Health Service Executive-Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Irina Kislaya
- National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Iván Martínez-Baz
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra-IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Giedre Gefenaite
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mirjam J Knol
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Corneliu Popescu
- Dr Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Marc Simon
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | | | - Annamária Ferenczi
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Concepción Delgado-Sanz
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - John Paul Cauchi
- IDCU within Health promotion and disease prevention Directorate, G'mangia, Malta
| | | | | | - Joan O'Donnell
- Health Service Executive-Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Raquel Guiomar
- National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra-IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Cjl Bruijning-Verhagen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mihaela Lazar
- "Cantacuzino" National Military Medical Institute for Research-Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Gil Wirtz
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marina Amerali
- National Public Health Organisation (EODY), Athens, Greece
| | | | - Mihály Pál Kunstár
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Sabrina Bacci
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chappell KJ, Mordant FL, Amarilla AA, Modhiran N, Liang B, Li Z, Wijesundara DK, Lackenby JA, Griffin P, Bennet JK, Hensen L, Zhang W, Nguyen THO, Tran MH, Tapley P, Barnes J, Reading PC, Kedzierska K, Ranasinghe C, Subbarao K, Watterson D, Young PR, Munro TP. Long-term safety and immunogenicity of an MF59-adjuvanted spike glycoprotein-clamp vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 in adults aged 18-55 years or ≥56 years: 12-month results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial. EBioMedicine 2023; 97:104842. [PMID: 37865043 PMCID: PMC10597768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated the safety and immunogenicity of an MF59-adjuvanted COVID-19 vaccine based on the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein stabilised in a pre-fusion conformation by a molecular clamp using HIV-1 glycoprotein 41 sequences. Here, we describe 12-month results in adults aged 18-55 years and ≥56 years. METHODS Phase 1, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in Australia (July 2020-December 2021; ClinicalTrials.govNCT04495933; active, not recruiting). Healthy adults (Part 1: 18-55 years; Part 2: ≥56 years) received two doses of placebo, 5 μg, 15 μg, or 45 μg vaccine, or one 45 μg dose of vaccine followed by placebo (Part 1 only), 28 days apart (n = 216; 24 per group). Safety, humoral immunogenicity (including against virus variants), and cellular immunogenicity were assessed to day 394 (12 months after second dose). Effects of subsequent COVID-19 vaccination on humoral responses were examined. FINDINGS All two-dose vaccine regimens were well tolerated and elicited strong antigen-specific and neutralising humoral responses, and CD4+ T-cell responses, by day 43 in younger and older adults, although cellular responses were lower in older adults. Humoral responses waned by day 209 but were boosted in those receiving authorised vaccines. Neutralising activity against Delta and Omicron variants was present but lower than against the Wuhan strain. Cross-reactivity in HIV diagnostic tests declined over time but remained detectable in most participants. INTERPRETATION The SARS-CoV-2 molecular clamp vaccine is well tolerated and evokes robust immune responses in adults of all ages. Although the HIV glycoprotein 41-based molecular clamp is not being progressed, the clamp concept represents a viable platform for vaccine development. FUNDING This study was funded by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, and the Queensland Government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith J Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
| | - Francesca L Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Zheyi Li
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Danushka K Wijesundara
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Julia A Lackenby
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul Griffin
- Nucleus Network Brisbane Clinic, Herston, QLD, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Mater Health, QLD, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Luca Hensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Wuji Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mai H Tran
- Agilex Biolabs, Thebarton, SA, Australia
| | | | - James Barnes
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Charani Ranasinghe
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Trent P Munro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Schommers P, Kim DS, Schlotz M, Kreer C, Eggeling R, Hake A, Stecher M, Park J, Radford CE, Dingens AS, Ercanoglu MS, Gruell H, Odidika S, Dahlhaus M, Gieselmann L, Ahmadov E, Lawong RY, Heger E, Knops E, Wyen C, Kümmerle T, Römer K, Scholten S, Wolf T, Stephan C, Suárez I, Raju N, Adhikari A, Esser S, Streeck H, Duerr R, Nanfack AJ, Zolla-Pazner S, Geldmacher C, Geisenberger O, Kroidl A, William W, Maganga L, Ntinginya NE, Georgiev IS, Vehreschild JJ, Hoelscher M, Fätkenheuer G, Lavinder JJ, Bloom JD, Seaman MS, Lehmann C, Pfeifer N, Georgiou G, Klein F. Dynamics and durability of HIV-1 neutralization are determined by viral replication. Nat Med 2023; 29:2763-2774. [PMID: 37957379 PMCID: PMC10667105 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that prevent infection are the main goal of HIV vaccine discovery. But as no nAb-eliciting vaccines are yet available, only data from HIV-1 neutralizers-persons with HIV-1 who naturally develop broad and potent nAbs-can inform about the dynamics and durability of nAb responses in humans, knowledge which is crucial for the design of future HIV-1 vaccine regimens. To address this, we assessed HIV-1-neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) from 2,354 persons with HIV-1 on or off antiretroviral therapy (ART). Infection with non-clade B viruses, CD4+ T cell counts <200 µl-1, being off ART and a longer time off ART were independent predictors of a more potent and broad neutralization. In longitudinal analyses, we found nAb half-lives of 9.3 and 16.9 years in individuals with no- or low-level viremia, respectively, and 4.0 years in persons who newly initiated ART. Finally, in a potent HIV-1 neutralizer, we identified lower fractions of serum nAbs and of nAb-encoding memory B cells after ART initiation, suggesting that a decreasing neutralizing serum activity after antigen withdrawal is due to lower levels of nAbs. These results collectively show that HIV-1-neutralizing responses can persist for several years, even at low antigen levels, suggesting that an HIV-1 vaccine may elicit a durable nAb response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schommers
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dae Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Maike Schlotz
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Kreer
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ralf Eggeling
- Methods in Medical Informatics, Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Hake
- Research Group Computational Biology, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Melanie Stecher
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juyeon Park
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Caelan E Radford
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, and Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam S Dingens
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Meryem S Ercanoglu
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henning Gruell
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanley Odidika
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Marten Dahlhaus
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Lutz Gieselmann
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elvin Ahmadov
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rene Y Lawong
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Heger
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elena Knops
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Wyen
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Praxis am Ebertplatz, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Katja Römer
- Gemeinschaftspraxis Gotenring, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Timo Wolf
- Infectious Diseases Division, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph Stephan
- Infectious Diseases Division, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Isabelle Suárez
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nagarajan Raju
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anurag Adhikari
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Stefan Esser
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Streeck
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ralf Duerr
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- Vaccine Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Aubin J Nanfack
- Medical Diagnostic Center, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Susan Zolla-Pazner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Christof Geldmacher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Otto Geisenberger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arne Kroidl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wiston William
- Mbeya Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Lucas Maganga
- Mbeya Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | | | - Ivelin S Georgiev
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jörg J Vehreschild
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, Munich, Germany
- Unit Global Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gerd Fätkenheuer
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jason J Lavinder
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jesse D Bloom
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clara Lehmann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nico Pfeifer
- Methods in Medical Informatics, Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Florian Klein
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Li H, Wang Y, Li X, Wang S, Feng X, Xiao X, Li Y. Antibody response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after the booster immunization. J Diabetes 2023; 15:931-943. [PMID: 37518861 PMCID: PMC10667667 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunogenicity of booster inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has remained unclear. Our study aims to investigate the antibody response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine following booster vaccination in patients with T2DM. METHODS A total of 201 patients with T2DM and 102 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. The levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies, anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG, neutralizing antibody (NAb) toward SARS-CoV-2 wild type (WT), and NAb toward SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 subvariant were measured to evaluate the vaccine-induced immunological responses. RESULTS The titers of anti-RBD-specific IgG (p = 0.018) and inhibition rates of NAb toward WT (p = 0.007) were significantly decreased in patients with T2DM compared to HCs after booster vaccination for more than 6 months. Both HCs and patients with T2DM showed poor resistance against BA.4/5 due to the detected inhibition rates being lower than the positive threshold. The levels of anti-RBD-specific IgG were positively associated with the proportions of CD3+ CD4- CD8- T cells (p = 0.045), and patients with T2DM who had anti-RBD-specific IgG positivity showed higher proportions of CD3+ CD4- CD8- T cells compared to those negative (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Patients with T2DM showed impaired antibody responses after booster vaccination for more than 6 months. Decreased anti-BA.4/5 responses give rise to the possibility of breakthrough infections for both patients with T2DM and HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xinxin Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Department of EndocrinologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Zhang N, Cheng X, Zhu Y, Mo O, Yu H, Zhu L, Zhang J, Kuang L, Gao Y, Cao R, Liang X, Wang H, Li H, Li S, Zhong W, Li X, Li X, Hao P. Multi-valent mRNA vaccines against monkeypox enveloped or mature viron surface antigens demonstrate robust immune response and neutralizing activity. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2329-2341. [PMID: 37300753 PMCID: PMC10257374 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox was declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization, and as of March 2023, 86,000 confirmed cases and 111 deaths across 110 countries have been reported. Its causal agent, monkeypox virus (MPV) belongs to a large family of double-stranded DNA viruses, Orthopoxviridae, that also includes vaccinia virus (VACV) and others. MPV produces two distinct forms of viral particles during its replication cycles: the enveloped viron (EV) that is released via exocytosis, and the mature viron (MV) that is discharged through lysis of host cells. This study was designed to develop multi-valent mRNA vaccines against monkeypox EV and MV surface proteins, and examine their efficacy and mechanism of action. Four mRNA vaccines were produced with different combinations of surface proteins from EV (A35R and B6R), MV (A29L, E8L, H3L and M1R), or EV and MV, and were administered in Balb/c mice to assess their immunogenicity potentials. A dynamic immune response was observed as soon as seven days after initial immunization, while a strong IgG response to all immunogens was detected with ELISA after two vaccinations. The higher number of immunogens contributed to a more robust total IgG response and correlating neutralizing activity against VACV, indicating the additive potential of each immunogen in generating immune response and nullifying VACV infection. Further, the mRNA vaccines elicited an antigen-specific CD4+ T cell response that is biased towards Th1. The mRNA vaccines with different combinations of EV and MV surface antigens protected a mouse model from a lethal dose VACV challenge, with the EV and MV antigens-combined vaccine offering the strongest protection. These findings provide insight into the protective mechanism of multi-valent mRNA vaccines against MPV, and also the foundation for further development of effective and safe mRNA vaccines for enhanced protection against monkeypox virus outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niubing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yilong Zhu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
- Academicians Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Ouyang Mo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huiqing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Liqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linlin Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruiyuan Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaozhen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haikun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Honglin Li
- East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Song Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wu Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
| | - Pei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Xia M, López K, Vago FS, Huang P, Auguste DI, Jiang W, Auguste AJ, Tan M. A bioengineered pseudovirus nanoparticle displaying SARS-CoV 2 RBD fully protects mice from mortality and weight loss caused by SARS-CoV 2 challenge. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300130. [PMID: 37300425 PMCID: PMC10592332 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although authorized COVID-19 vaccines have been shown highly effective, their significantly lower efficacy against heterologous variants, and the rapid decrease of vaccine-elicited immunity raises serious concerns, calling for improved vaccine tactics. To this end, a pseudovirus nanoparticle (PVNP) displaying the receptor binding domains (RBDs) of SARS-CoV-2 spike, named S-RBD, was generated and shown it as a promising COVID-19 vaccine candidate. The S-RBD PVNP was produced using both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. A 3D structural model of the S-RBD PVNPs was built based on the known structures of the S60 particle and RBDs, revealing an S60 particle-based icosahedral symmetry with multiple surface-displayed RBDs that retain authentic conformations and receptor-binding functions. The PVNP is highly immunogenic, eliciting high titers of RBD-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies in mice. The S-RBD PVNP demonstrated exceptional protective efficacy, and fully (100%) protected K18-hACE2 mice from mortality and weight loss after a lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge, supporting the S-RBD PVNPs as a potent COVID-19 vaccine candidate. By contrast, a PVNP displaying the N-terminal domain (NTD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike exhibited only 50% protective efficacy. Since the RBD antigens of our PVNP vaccine are adjustable as needed to address the emergence of future variants, and various S-RBD PVNPs can be combined as a cocktail vaccine for broad efficacy, these non-replicating PVNPs offer a flexible platform for a safe, effective COVID-19 vaccine with minimal manufacturing cost and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Krisangel López
- Department of Entomology, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Frank S. Vago
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue Cryo-EM Facility, Purdue University, IN, USA
| | - Pengwei Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dawn I. Auguste
- Department of Entomology, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue Cryo-EM Facility, Purdue University, IN, USA
| | - Albert J. Auguste
- Department of Entomology, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ming Tan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Ma W, Shi L, Li M. A fast and accurate method for SARS-CoV-2 genomic tracing. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbad339. [PMID: 37779249 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To contain infectious diseases, it is crucial to determine the origin and transmission routes of the pathogen, as well as how the virus evolves. With the development of genome sequencing technology, genome epidemiology has emerged as a powerful approach for investigating the source and transmission of pathogens. In this study, we first presented the rationale for genomic tracing of SARS-CoV-2 and the challenges we currently face. Identifying the most genetically similar reference sequence to the query sequence is a critical step in genome tracing, typically achieved using either a phylogenetic tree or a sequence similarity search. However, these methods become inefficient or computationally prohibitive when dealing with tens of millions of sequences in the reference database, as we encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic. To address this challenge, we developed a novel genomic tracing algorithm capable of processing 6 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences in less than a minute. Instead of constructing a giant phylogenetic tree, we devised a weighted scoring system based on mutation characteristics to quantify sequences similarity. The developed method demonstrated superior performance compared to previous methods. Additionally, an online platform was developed to facilitate genomic tracing and visualization of the spatiotemporal distribution of sequences. The method will be a valuable addition to standard epidemiological investigations, enabling more efficient genomic tracing. Furthermore, the computational framework can be easily adapted to other pathogens, paving the way for routine genomic tracing of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentai Ma
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Leisheng Shi
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingkun Li
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Yao T, Guo Y, Xu X, Zhang X, Mu S, Huo J, Wei Z, Liu L, Li X, Li H, Xing R, Feng Y, Chen J, Feng L, Wang S. Predictors of immune persistence induced by two-dose BBIBP-CorV vaccine in high-risk occupational population. Vaccine 2023; 41:5910-5917. [PMID: 37604725 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune protection from infection may wane over time as neutralizing antibody levels decline. We aimed to develop a nomogram to predict long-term immune persistence induced by two-dose BBIBP-CorV vaccine and calculate the neutralizing antibody decline probability of individuals. METHODS In the initial study, a total of 809 participants were recruited and randomly allocated (1:1:1) to vaccination group with three two-dose schedules on days 0 and 14, 0 and 21, or 0 and 28. The participants with neutralizing antibody titers of 16 or above on day 28 after the second dose were followed up at month 3, 6 and 10. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model and nomogram model were used to identify predictors associated with maintaining of neutralizing antibody levels during 10 months after the second dose. RESULTS A total of 744 participants followed up at day 28 after the second dose. The participants with age ≥ 50 (aHR = 3.556, 95 %CI: 1.141-4.884, P = 0.028) were associated with a high risk of response loss (titers < 16). The participants who were in 0-28 d group (aHR = 0.403, 95 %CI: 0.177-0.919, P = 0.031), had an influenza vaccination history (aHR = 0.468, 95 %CI: 0.267-0.921, P = 0.033) or were female (aHR = 0.542, 95 %CI: 0.269-0.935, P = 0.035) tended to maintain immune persistence during 10 months after the second dose. The nomogram was constructed and showed moderate discrimination[C-index:0.711 (95 %CI: 0.652-0.770); AUC: 0.731 (95 %CI: 0.663-0.792)] and good calibration. CONCLUSIONS From 28 days to 10 months after receipt of the second dose of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine, neutralizing antibody levels were substantially decreased, especially among men, among persons 50 years of age or older, among persons with the 0-14 d group, and among persons without history of influenza vaccination. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100041705, ChiCTR2100041706.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yao
- First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yana Guo
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiuyang Xu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Major Infectious Disease Response, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shengcai Mu
- Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Major Infectious Disease Response, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junfeng Huo
- Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Major Infectious Disease Response, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Major Infectious Disease Response, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Major Infectious Disease Response, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Major Infectious Disease Response, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Li
- Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Major Infectious Disease Response, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rongqin Xing
- Outpatient Department of Shanxi Aviation Industry Group Co. LTD, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongliang Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Major Infectious Disease Response, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lizhong Feng
- Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Major Infectious Disease Response, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Suping Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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Chalkias S, Whatley JL, Eder F, Essink B, Khetan S, Bradley P, Brosz A, McGhee N, Tomassini JE, Chen X, Zhao X, Sutherland A, Shen X, Girard B, Edwards DK, Feng J, Zhou H, Walsh S, Montefiori DC, Baden LR, Miller JM, Das R. Original SARS-CoV-2 monovalent and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: phase 2/3 trial interim results. Nat Med 2023; 29:2325-2333. [PMID: 37653342 PMCID: PMC10504066 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02517-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
This ongoing, open-label, phase 2/3 trial compared the safety and immunogenicity of the Omicron BA.4/BA.5-containing bivalent mRNA-1273.222 vaccine with the ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1 mRNA-1273 as booster doses. Two groups of adults who previously received mRNA-1273 as primary vaccination series and booster doses were enrolled in a sequential, nonrandomized manner and received single-second boosters of mRNA-1273 (n = 376) or bivalent mRNA-1273.222 (n = 511). Primary objectives were safety and the noninferiority or superiority of neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses against Omicron BA.4/BA.5 and ancestral SARS-CoV-2 with the D614G mutation (ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (D614G)), 28 days post boost. Superiority and noninferiority were based on prespecified success criteria (lower bounds of 95% CI > 1 and < 0.677, respectively) of the mRNA-1273.222:mRNA-1273 geometric mean ratios. Bivalent Omicron BA.4/BA.5-containing mRNA-1273.222 elicited superior nAb responses against BA.4/BA.5 versus mRNA-1273 and noninferior responses against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (D614G) at day 29 post boost in participants without detectable prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Day 29 seroresponses against Omicron BA.4/BA.5 were higher for mRNA-1273.222 than for mRNA-1273 and similar against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (D614G), both meeting noninferiority criterion. The safety profile of mRNA-1273.222 was similar to that previously reported for mRNA-1273 with no new safety concerns identified. Continued monitoring of neutralization and real-world vaccine effectiveness are needed as additional divergent-virus variants emerge. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04927065.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frank Eder
- Meridian Clinical Research, LLC, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Adam Brosz
- Meridian Clinical Research, Grand Island, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
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Liu H, Aviszus K, Zelarney P, Liao SY, Gerber AN, Make B, Wechsler ME, Marrack P, Reinhardt RL. Vaccine-elicited B- and T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is impaired in chronic lung disease patients. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00400-2023. [PMID: 37583809 PMCID: PMC10423317 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00400-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) provides significant protection from coronavirus disease 2019, the protection afforded to individuals with chronic lung disease is less well established. This study seeks to understand how chronic lung disease impacts SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-elicited immunity. Methods Deep immune phenotyping of humoral and cell-mediated responses to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was performed in patients with asthma, COPD and interstitial lung disease (ILD) compared to healthy controls. Results 48% of vaccinated patients with chronic lung diseases had reduced antibody titres to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antigen relative to healthy controls. Vaccine antibody titres were significantly reduced among asthma (p<0.035), COPD (p<0.022) and a subset of ILD patients as early as 3-4 months after vaccination, correlating with decreased vaccine-specific memory B-cells in circulation. Vaccine-specific memory T-cells were significantly reduced in patients with asthma (CD8+ p<0.004; CD4+ p<0.023) and COPD (CD8+ p<0.008) compared to healthy controls. Impaired T-cell responsiveness was also observed in a subset of ILD patients (CD8+ 21.4%; CD4+ 42.9%). Additional heterogeneity between healthy and disease cohorts was observed among bulk and vaccine-specific follicular T-helper cells. Conclusions Deep immune phenotyping of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response revealed the complex nature of vaccine-elicited immunity and highlights the need for more personalised vaccination schemes in patients with underlying lung conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Liu
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Katja Aviszus
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Shu-Yi Liao
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anthony N. Gerber
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Barry Make
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Michael E. Wechsler
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Philippa Marrack
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - R. Lee Reinhardt
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Liossi S, Tsiambas E, Maipas S, Papageorgiou E, Lazaris A, Kavantzas N. Mathematical modeling for Delta and Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in Greece. Infect Dis Model 2023; 8:794-805. [PMID: 37496829 PMCID: PMC10366468 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A compartmental, epidemiological, mathematical model was developed in order to analyze the transmission dynamics of Delta and Omicron variant, of SARS-CoV-2, in Greece. The model was parameterized twice during the 4th and 5th wave of the pandemic. The 4th wave refers to the period during which the Delta variant was dominant (approximately July to December of 2021) and the 5th wave to the period during which the Omicron variant was dominant (approximately January to May of 2022), in accordance with the official data from the National Public Health Organization (NPHO). Fitting methods were applied to evaluate important parameters in connection with the transmission of the variants, as well as the social behavior of population during these periods of interest. Mathematical models revealed higher numbers of contagiousness and cases of asymptomatic disease during the Omicron variant period, but a decreased rate of hospitalization compared to the Delta period. Also, parameters related to the behavior of the population in Greece were also assessed. More specifically, the use of protective masks and the abidance of social distancing measures. Simulations revealed that over 5,000 deaths could have been avoided, if mask usage and social distancing were 20% more efficient, during the short period of the Delta and Omicron outbreak. Furthermore, the spread of the variants was assessed using viral load data. The data were recorded from PCR tests at 417 Army Equity Fund Hospital (NIMTS), in Athens and the Ct values from 746 patients with COVID-19 were processed, to explain transmission phenomena and disease severity in patients. The period when the Delta variant prevailed in the country, the average Ct value was calculated as 25.19 (range: 12.32-39.29), whereas during the period when the Omicron variant prevailed, the average Ct value was calculated as 28 (range: 14.41-39.36). In conclusion, our experimental study showed that the higher viral load, which is related to the Delta variant, may interpret the severity of the disease. However, no correlation was confirmed regarding contagiousness phenomena. The results of the model, Ct analysis and official data from NPHO are consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Liossi
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens General Hospital “Laikon”, Athens, Greece
| | - E. Tsiambas
- Department of Cytopathology, 417 Army Equity Fund Hospital (NIMTS), Athens, Greece
| | - S. Maipas
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens General Hospital “Laikon”, Athens, Greece
- Master Program “Environment and Health. Management of Environmental Health Effects”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E. Papageorgiou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Welfare Sciences, University of West Attica, Egaleo, Greece
| | - A. Lazaris
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens General Hospital “Laikon”, Athens, Greece
- Master Program “Environment and Health. Management of Environmental Health Effects”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - N. Kavantzas
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens General Hospital “Laikon”, Athens, Greece
- Master Program “Environment and Health. Management of Environmental Health Effects”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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48
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McNamara RP, Maron JS, Boucau J, Roy V, Webb NE, Bertera HL, Barczak AK, Positives Study Staff T, Franko N, Logue JK, Kemp M, Li JZ, Zhou L, Hsieh CL, McLellan JS, Siedner MJ, Seaman MS, Lemieux JE, Chu HY, Alter G. Anamnestic humoral correlates of immunity across SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. mBio 2023; 14:e0090223. [PMID: 37535402 PMCID: PMC10470538 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00902-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While immune correlates against SARS-CoV-2 are typically defined at peak immunogenicity following vaccination, immunologic responses that expand selectively during the anamnestic response following infection can provide mechanistic and detailed insights into the immune mechanisms of protection. Moreover, whether anamnestic correlates are conserved across variants of concern (VOC), including the Delta and more distant Omicron VOC, remains unclear. To define the anamnestic correlates of immunity, across VOCs, we deeply profiled the humoral immune response in individuals infected with sequence-confirmed Delta or Omicron VOC after completing the vaccination series. While limited acute N-terminal domain and receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific immune expansion was observed following breakthrough infection, a significant immunodominant expansion of opsonophagocytic Spike-specific antibody responses focused largely on the conserved S2-domain of SARS-CoV-2 was observed. This S2-specific functional humoral response continued to evolve over 2-3 weeks following Delta or Omicron breakthrough, targeting multiple VOCs and common coronaviruses. Strong responses were observed on the fusion peptide (FP) region and the heptad repeat 1 (HR1) region adjacent to the RBD. Notably, the FP is highly conserved across SARS-related coronaviruses and even non-SARS-related betacoronavirus. Taken together, our results point to a critical role of highly conserved, functional S2-specific responses in the anamnestic antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection across VOCs. These humoral responses linked to virus clearance can guide next-generation vaccine-boosting approaches to confer broad protection against future SARS-related coronaviruses. IMPORTANCE The Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is the primary target of antibody-based recognition. Selective pressures, be it the adaption to human-to-human transmission or evasion of previously acquired immunity, have spurred the emergence of variants of the virus such as the Delta and Omicron lineages. Therefore, understanding how antibody responses are expanded in breakthrough cases of previously vaccinated individuals can provide insights into key correlates of protection against current and future variants. Here, we show that vaccinated individuals who had documented COVID-19 breakthrough showed anamnestic antibody expansions targeting the conserved S2 subdomain of Spike, particularly within the fusion peptide region. These S2-directed antibodies were highly leveraged for non-neutralizing, phagocytic functions and were similarly expanded independent of the variant. We propose that through deep profiling of anamnestic antibody responses in breakthrough cases, we can identify antigen targets susceptible to novel monoclonal antibody therapy or vaccination-boosting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. McNamara
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jenny S. Maron
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie Boucau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vicky Roy
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas E. Webb
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harry L. Bertera
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy K. Barczak
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - The Positives Study Staff
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas Franko
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Logue
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Megan Kemp
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ching-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mark J. Siedner
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael S. Seaman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob E. Lemieux
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helen Y. Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Baird S, Ashley CL, Marsh‐Wakefield F, Alca S, Ashhurst TM, Ferguson AL, Lukeman H, Counoupas C, Post JJ, Konecny P, Bartlett A, Martinello M, Bull RA, Lloyd A, Grey A, Hutchings O, Palendira U, Britton WJ, Steain M, Triccas JA. A unique cytotoxic CD4 + T cell-signature defines critical COVID-19. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1463. [PMID: 37645435 PMCID: PMC10461786 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a spectrum of clinical disease presentation, ranging from asymptomatic to fatal. While neutralising antibody (NAb) responses correlate with protection against symptomatic and severe infection, the contribution of the T-cell response to disease resolution or progression is still unclear. As newly emerging variants of concern have the capacity to partially escape NAb responses, defining the contribution of individual T-cell subsets to disease outcome is imperative to inform the development of next-generation COVID-19 vaccines. Methods Immunophenotyping of T-cell responses in unvaccinated individuals was performed, representing the full spectrum of COVID-19 clinical presentation. Computational and manual analyses were used to identify T-cell populations associated with distinct disease states. Results Critical SARS-CoV-2 infection was characterised by an increase in activated and cytotoxic CD4+ lymphocytes (CTL). These CD4+ CTLs were largely absent in asymptomatic to severe disease states. In contrast, non-critical COVID-19 was associated with high frequencies of naïve T cells and lack of activation marker expression. Conclusion Highly activated and cytotoxic CD4+ T-cell responses may contribute to cell-mediated host tissue damage and progression of COVID-19. Induction of these potentially detrimental T-cell responses should be considered when developing and implementing effective COVID-19 control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Baird
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyNSWCamperdownAustralia
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Caroline L Ashley
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyNSWCamperdownAustralia
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Felix Marsh‐Wakefield
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
- Liver Injury and Cancer ProgramCentenary InstituteCamperdownNSWAustralia
- Human Cancer and Viral Immunology LaboratoryThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Sibel Alca
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyNSWCamperdownAustralia
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Thomas M Ashhurst
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
- Sydney Cytometry Core Research FacilityCharles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute and The University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Angela L Ferguson
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
- Liver Injury and Cancer ProgramCentenary InstituteCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Hannah Lukeman
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyNSWCamperdownAustralia
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Claudio Counoupas
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyNSWCamperdownAustralia
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
- Tuberculosis Research ProgramCentenary InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Jeffrey J Post
- Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolUNSWSydneyNSWAustralia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine & HealthUNSWSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Pamela Konecny
- Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolUNSWSydneyNSWAustralia
- St George HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Adam Bartlett
- The Kirby Institute, UNSWSydneyNSWAustralia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Medicine & HealthUNSWSydneyNSWAustralia
- Sydney Children's HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | - Rowena A Bull
- The Kirby Institute, UNSWSydneyNSWAustralia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Medicine & HealthUNSWSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Andrew Lloyd
- The Kirby Institute, UNSWSydneyNSWAustralia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Medicine & HealthUNSWSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Alice Grey
- RPA Virtual Hospital, Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Owen Hutchings
- RPA Virtual Hospital, Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Umaimainthan Palendira
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
- Liver Injury and Cancer ProgramCentenary InstituteCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Warwick J Britton
- Tuberculosis Research ProgramCentenary InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia
- Department of Clinical ImmunologyRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Megan Steain
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyNSWCamperdownAustralia
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - James A Triccas
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyNSWCamperdownAustralia
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
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50
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Hederman AP, Natarajan H, Heyndrickx L, Ariën KK, Wiener JA, Wright PF, Bloch EM, Tobian AAR, Redd AD, Blankson JN, Rottenstreich A, Zarbiv G, Wolf D, Goetghebuer T, Marchant A, Ackerman ME. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination elicits broad and potent antibody effector functions to variants of concern in vulnerable populations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5171. [PMID: 37620337 PMCID: PMC10449910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants have continuously emerged in the face of effective vaccines. Reduced neutralization against variants raises questions as to whether other antibody functions are similarly compromised, or if they might compensate for lost neutralization activity. Here, the breadth and potency of antibody recognition and effector function is surveyed following either infection or vaccination. Considering pregnant women as a model cohort with higher risk of severe illness and death, we observe similar binding and functional breadth for healthy and immunologically vulnerable populations, but considerably greater functional antibody breadth and potency across variants associated with vaccination. In contrast, greater antibody functional activity targeting the endemic coronavirus OC43 is noted among convalescent individuals, illustrating a dichotomy in recognition between close and distant human coronavirus strains associated with exposure history. This analysis of antibody functions suggests the differential potential for antibody effector functions to contribute to protecting vaccinated and convalescent subjects as novel variants continue to evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harini Natarajan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Leo Heyndrickx
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kevin K Ariën
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joshua A Wiener
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Peter F Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Evan M Bloch
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aaron A R Tobian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew D Redd
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joel N Blankson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amihai Rottenstreich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gila Zarbiv
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dana Wolf
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tessa Goetghebuer
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
- Pediatric Department, CHU St Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
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