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Farooqi AA, Shepetov AM, Rakhmetova V, Ruslan Z, Almabayeva A, Saussakova S, Baigonova K, Baimaganbetova K, Sundetgali K, Kapanova G. Interplay between JAK/STAT pathway and non-coding RNAs in different cancers. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:1009-1022. [PMID: 39022684 PMCID: PMC11254501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Progress in the identification of core multi-protein modules within JAK/STAT pathway has enabled researchers to develop a better understanding of the linchpin role of deregulated signaling cascade in carcinogenesis and metastasis. More excitingly, complex interplay between JAK/STAT pathway and non-coding RNAs has been shown to reprogramme the outcome of signaling cascade and modulate immunological responses within tumor microenvironment. Wealth of information has comprehensively illustrated that most of this complexity regulates the re-shaping of the immunological responses. Increasingly sophisticated mechanistic insights have illuminated fundamental role of STAT-signaling in polarization of macrophages to M2 phenotype that promotes disease aggressiveness. Overall, JAK/STAT signaling drives different stages of cancer ranging from cancer metastasis to the reshaping of the tumor microenvironment. JAK/STAT signaling has also been found to play role in the regulation of infiltration and activity of natural killer cells and CD4/CD8 cells by PD-L1/PD-1 signaling. In this review, we have attempted to set spotlight on regulation of JAK/STAT pathway by microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs in primary tumors and metastasizing tumors. Therefore, existing knowledge gaps need to be addressed to propel this fledgling field of research to the forefront and bring lncRNAs and circRNAs to the frontline of clinical practice. Leveraging the growing momentum will enable interdisciplinary researchers to gain transition from segmented view to a fairly detailed conceptual continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abay M. Shepetov
- Department of Nephrology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Tole Bi St 94, Almaty, 050000, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Zharilkassimov Ruslan
- Department of Surgical Diseases with a Course of Cardio-thoracic Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, NJSC “Astana Medical University”, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigul Almabayeva
- Department of Human Anatomy, NJSC “Astana Medical University”, Astana City, Kazakhstan
| | - Saniya Saussakova
- Department of Public Health and Management, NJSC “Astana Medical University”, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | | | - Gulnara Kapanova
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan
- Scientific Center of Anti-Infectious Drugs, 75 Al-Farabi Ave, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
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Puli'uvea C, Immanuel T, Green TN, Tsai P, Shepherd PR, Kalev-Zylinska ML. Insights into the role of JAK2-I724T variant in myeloproliferative neoplasms from a unique cohort of New Zealand patients. Hematology 2024; 29:2297597. [PMID: 38197452 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2023.2297597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compile bioinformatic and experimental information for JAK2 missense variants previously reported in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and determine if germline JAK2-I724T, recently found to be common in New Zealand Polynesians, associates with MPN. METHODS For all JAK2 variants found in the literature, gnomAD_exome allele frequencies were extracted and REVEL scores were calculated using the dbNSFP database. We investigated the prevalence of JAK2-I724T in a cohort of 111 New Zealand MPN patients using a TaqMan assay, examined its allelic co-occurrence with JAK2-V617F using Oxford Nanopore sequencing, and modelled the impact of I724T on JAK2 using I-Mutant and ChimeraX software. RESULTS Several non-V617F JAK2 variants previously reported in MPN had REVEL scores greater than 0.5, suggesting pathogenicity. JAK2-I724T (REVEL score 0.753) was more common in New Zealand Polynesian MPN patients (n = 2/27; 7.4%) than in other New Zealand patients (n = 0/84; 0%) but less common than expected for healthy Polynesians (n = 56/377; 14.9%). Patients carrying I724T (n = 2), one with polycythaemia vera and one with essential thrombocythaemia, had high-risk MPN. Both patients with JAK2-I724T were also positive for JAK2-V617F, found on the same allele as I724T, as well as separately. In silico modelling did not identify noticeable structural changes that would give JAK2-I724T a gain-of-function. CONCLUSION Several non-canonical JAK2 variants with high REVEL scores have been reported in MPN, highlighting the need to further understand their relationship with disease. The JAK2-I724T variant does not drive MPN, but additional investigations are required to exclude any potential modulatory effect on the MPN phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Puli'uvea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Hosted by the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tracey Immanuel
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Taryn N Green
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter Tsai
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Hosted by the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter R Shepherd
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Hosted by the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maggie L Kalev-Zylinska
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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Virtanen A, Spinelli FR, Telliez JB, O'Shea JJ, Silvennoinen O, Gadina M. JAK inhibitor selectivity: new opportunities, better drugs? Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024:10.1038/s41584-024-01153-1. [PMID: 39251770 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Cytokines function as communication tools of the immune system, serving critical functions in many biological responses and shaping the immune response. When cytokine production or their biological activity goes awry, the homeostatic balance of the immune response is altered, leading to the development of several pathologies such as autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Cytokines bind to specific receptors on cells, triggering the activation of intracellular enzymes known as Janus kinases (JAKs). The JAK family comprises four members, JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and tyrosine kinase 2, which are critical for intracellular cytokine signalling. Since the mid-2010s multiple JAK inhibitors have been approved for inflammatory and haematological indications. Currently, approved JAK inhibitors have demonstrated clinical efficacy; however, improved selectivity for specific JAKs is likely to enhance safety profiles, and different strategies have been used to accomplish enhanced JAK selectivity. In this update, we discuss the background of JAK inhibitors, current approved indications and adverse effects, along with new developments in this field. We address the issue of JAK selectivity and its relevance in terms of efficacy, and describe new modalities of JAK targeting, as well as new aspects of JAK inhibitor action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Virtanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Francesca Romana Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari-Reumatologia, Sapienza Universitá di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - John J O'Shea
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olli Silvennoinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Fimlab laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Lv Y, Qi J, Babon JJ, Cao L, Fan G, Lang J, Zhang J, Mi P, Kobe B, Wang F. The JAK-STAT pathway: from structural biology to cytokine engineering. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:221. [PMID: 39169031 PMCID: PMC11339341 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway serves as a paradigm for signal transduction from the extracellular environment to the nucleus. It plays a pivotal role in physiological functions, such as hematopoiesis, immune balance, tissue homeostasis, and surveillance against tumors. Dysregulation of this pathway may lead to various disease conditions such as immune deficiencies, autoimmune diseases, hematologic disorders, and cancer. Due to its critical role in maintaining human health and involvement in disease, extensive studies have been conducted on this pathway, ranging from basic research to medical applications. Advances in the structural biology of this pathway have enabled us to gain insights into how the signaling cascade operates at the molecular level, laying the groundwork for therapeutic development targeting this pathway. Various strategies have been developed to restore its normal function, with promising therapeutic potential. Enhanced comprehension of these molecular mechanisms, combined with advances in protein engineering methodologies, has allowed us to engineer cytokines with tailored properties for targeted therapeutic applications, thereby enhancing their efficiency and safety. In this review, we outline the structural basis that governs key nodes in this pathway, offering a comprehensive overview of the signal transduction process. Furthermore, we explore recent advances in cytokine engineering for therapeutic development in this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Lv
- Center for Molecular Biosciences and Non-communicable Diseases Research, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
- Xi'an Amazinggene Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710026, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Longxing Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Guohuang Fan
- Immunophage Biotech Co., Ltd, No. 10 Lv Zhou Huan Road, Shanghai, 201112, China
| | - Jiajia Lang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Xi'an Amazinggene Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710026, China
| | - Pengbing Mi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
| | - Faming Wang
- Center for Molecular Biosciences and Non-communicable Diseases Research, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China.
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Liu Y, Li N, Guo Y, Zhou Q, Yang Y, Lu J, Tian Z, Zhou J, Yan S, Li X, Shi L, Jiang S, Ge J, Feng R, Huang D, Zeng Z, Fan S, Xiong W, Li G, Zhang W. APLNR inhibited nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth and immune escape by downregulating PD-L1. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112523. [PMID: 38909500 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND APLNR is a G protein-coupled receptor and our previous study had revealed that APLNR could inhibit nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) growth and metastasis. However, the role of APLNR in regulating PD-L1 expression and immune escape in NPC is unknown. METHODS We analyzed the expression and correlation of APLNR and PD-L1 in NPC tissues and cells. We investigated the effect of APLNR on PD-L1 expression and the underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo. We also evaluated the therapeutic potential of targeting APLNR in combination with PD-L1 antibody in a nude mouse xenograft model. RESULTS We found that APLNR was negatively correlated with PD-L1 in NPC tissues and cells. APLNR could inhibit PD-L1 expression by binding to the FERM domain of JAK1 and blocking the interaction between JAK1 and IFNGR1, thus suppressing IFN-γ-mediated activation of the JAK1/STAT1 pathway. APLNR could also inhibit NPC immune escape by enhancing IFN-γ secretion and CD8+ T-cell infiltration and reducing CD8+ T-cell apoptosis and dysfunction. Moreover, the best effect was achieved in inhibiting NPC growth in nude mice when APLNR combined with PD-L1 antibody. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a novel mechanism of APLNR regulating PD-L1 expression and immune escape in NPC and suggested that APLNR maybe a potential therapeutic target for NPC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yilin Guo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuqin Yang
- Shenzhen Maternity &Child Healthcare Hospital Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxue Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziying Tian
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieyu Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shiqi Yan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Su Jiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junshang Ge
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ranran Feng
- Department of Andrology, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Donghai Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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6
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Xu H, Zhang X, Wang X, Li B, Yu H, Quan Y, Jiang Y, You Y, Wang Y, Wen M, Liu J, Wang M, Zhang B, Li Y, Zhang X, Lu Q, Yu CY, Cao X. Cellular spermine targets JAK signaling to restrain cytokine-mediated autoimmunity. Immunity 2024; 57:1796-1811.e8. [PMID: 38908373 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged activation of the type I interferon (IFN-I) pathway leads to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Metabolic regulation of cytokine signaling is critical for cellular homeostasis. Through metabolomics analyses of IFN-β-activated macrophages and an IFN-stimulated-response-element reporter screening, we identified spermine as a metabolite brake for Janus kinase (JAK) signaling. Spermine directly bound to the FERM and SH2 domains of JAK1 to impair JAK1-cytokine receptor interaction, thus broadly suppressing JAK1 phosphorylation triggered by cytokines IFN-I, IFN-II, interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-6. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from individuals with SLE showing decreased spermine concentrations exhibited enhanced IFN-I and lupus gene signatures. Spermine treatment attenuated autoimmune pathogenesis in SLE and psoriasis mice and reduced IFN-I signaling in monocytes from individuals with SLE. We synthesized a spermine derivative (spermine derivative 1 [SD1]) and showed that it had a potent immunosuppressive function. Our findings reveal spermine as a metabolic checkpoint for cellular homeostasis and a potential immunosuppressive molecule for controlling autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henan Xu
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China; Frontiers Research Center for Cell Responses, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Bo Li
- Frontiers Research Center for Cell Responses, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Institute of Materia Medical, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuan Quan
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yuling You
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Materia Medical, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mingyue Wen
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Juan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Immunology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yixian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Chu-Yi Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China; Frontiers Research Center for Cell Responses, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Immunology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Eshaq AM, Flanagan TW, Hassan SY, Al Asheikh SA, Al-Amoudi WA, Santourlidis S, Hassan SL, Alamodi MO, Bendhack ML, Alamodi MO, Haikel Y, Megahed M, Hassan M. Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Their Structure and Mechanistic Role in Tumor Progression and Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2754. [PMID: 39123481 PMCID: PMC11311543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) function as key molecules in the signaling pathways in addition to their impact as a therapeutic target for the treatment of many human diseases, including cancer. PTKs are characterized by their ability to phosphorylate serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues and can thereby rapidly and reversibly alter the function of their protein substrates in the form of significant changes in protein confirmation and affinity for their interaction with protein partners to drive cellular functions under normal and pathological conditions. PTKs are classified into two groups: one of which represents tyrosine kinases, while the other one includes the members of the serine/threonine kinases. The group of tyrosine kinases is subdivided into subgroups: one of them includes the member of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), while the other subgroup includes the member of non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs). Both these kinase groups function as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions. NRTKs are enzymes which are overexpressed and activated in many cancer types and regulate variable cellular functions in response to extracellular signaling-dependent mechanisms. NRTK-mediated different cellular functions are regulated by kinase-dependent and kinase-independent mechanisms either in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. Thus, targeting NRTKs is of great interest to improve the treatment strategy of different tumor types. This review deals with the structure and mechanistic role of NRTKs in tumor progression and resistance and their importance as therapeutic targets in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz M. Eshaq
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Thomas W. Flanagan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Sofie-Yasmin Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Sara A. Al Asheikh
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Waleed A. Al-Amoudi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Simeon Santourlidis
- Institute of Cell Therapeutics and Diagnostics, University Medical Center of Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Sarah-Lilly Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Maryam O. Alamodi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Marcelo L. Bendhack
- Department of Urology, Red Cross University Hospital, Positivo University, Rua Mauá 1111, Curitiba 80030-200, Brazil;
| | - Mohammed O. Alamodi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mossad Megahed
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Research Laboratory of Surgery-Oncology, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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8
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Shan M, Zhao X, Sun P, Qu X, Cheng G, Qin LP. Revisiting Structure-activity Relationships: Unleashing the potential of selective Janus kinase 1 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 149:107506. [PMID: 38833989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs), a kind of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, the function has been implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, immune, inflammatory response and malignancies. Among them, JAK1 represents an essential target for modulating cytokines involved in inflammation and immune function. Rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, ulcerative colitis and psoriatic arthritis are areas where approved JAK1 drugs have been applied for the treatment. In the review, we provided a brief introduction to JAK1 inhibitors in market and clinical trials. The structures of high active JAK1 compounds (IC50 ≤ 0.1 nM) were highlighted, with primary focus on structure-activity relationship and selectivity. Moreover, the druggability processes of approved drugs and high active compounds were analyzed. In addition, the issues involved in JAK1 compounds clinical application as well as strategies to surmount these challenges, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Shan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhao Qu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Qiu G, Yu L, Jia L, Cai Y, Chen Y, Jin J, Xu L, Zhu J. Identification of novel covalent JAK3 inhibitors through consensus scoring virtual screening: integration of common feature pharmacophore and covalent docking. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10918-5. [PMID: 39009908 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Accumulated research strongly indicates that Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) is intricately involved in the initiation and advancement of a diverse range of human diseases, underscoring JAK3 as a promising target for therapeutic intervention. However, JAK3 shows significant homology with other JAK family isoforms, posing substantial challenges in the development of JAK3 inhibitors. To address these limitations, one strategy is to design selective covalent JAK3 inhibitors. Therefore, this study introduces a virtual screening approach that combines common feature pharmacophore modeling, covalent docking, and consensus scoring to identify novel inhibitors for JAK3. First, common feature pharmacophore models were constructed based on a selection of representative covalent JAK3 inhibitors. The optimal qualitative pharmacophore model proved highly effective in distinguishing active and inactive compounds. Second, 14 crystal structures of the JAK3-covalent inhibitor complex were chosen for the covalent docking studies. Following validation of the screening performance, 5TTU was identified as the most suitable candidate for screening potential JAK3 inhibitors due to its higher predictive accuracy. Finally, a virtual screening protocol based on consensus scoring was conducted, integrating pharmacophore mapping and covalent docking. This approach resulted in the discovery of multiple compounds with notable potential as effective JAK3 inhibitors. We hope that the developed virtual screening strategy will provide valuable guidance in the discovery of novel covalent JAK3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genhong Qiu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Inspection and Testing Certification, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Jia
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yanfei Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jian Jin
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
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10
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Horesh ME, Martin-Fernandez M, Gruber C, Buta S, Le Voyer T, Puzenat E, Lesmana H, Wu Y, Richardson A, Stein D, Hodeib S, Youssef M, Kurowski JA, Feuille E, Pedroza LA, Fuleihan RL, Haseley A, Hovnanian A, Quartier P, Rosain J, Davis G, Mullan D, Stewart O, Patel R, Lee AE, Rubinstein R, Ewald L, Maheshwari N, Rahming V, Chinn IK, Lupski JR, Orange JS, Sancho-Shimizu V, Casanova JL, Abul-Husn NS, Itan Y, Milner JD, Bustamante J, Bogunovic D. Individuals with JAK1 variants are affected by syndromic features encompassing autoimmunity, atopy, colitis, and dermatitis. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20232387. [PMID: 38563820 PMCID: PMC10986756 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20232387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity lead to autoimmunity, inflammation, allergy, infection, and/or malignancy. Disease-causing JAK1 gain-of-function (GoF) mutations are considered exceedingly rare and have been identified in only four families. Here, we use forward and reverse genetics to identify 59 individuals harboring one of four heterozygous JAK1 variants. In vitro and ex vivo analysis of these variants revealed hyperactive baseline and cytokine-induced STAT phosphorylation and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) levels compared with wild-type JAK1. A systematic review of electronic health records from the BioME Biobank revealed increased likelihood of clinical presentation with autoimmunity, atopy, colitis, and/or dermatitis in JAK1 variant-positive individuals. Finally, treatment of one affected patient with severe atopic dermatitis using the JAK1/JAK2-selective inhibitor, baricitinib, resulted in clinically significant improvement. These findings suggest that individually rare JAK1 GoF variants may underlie an emerging syndrome with more common presentations of autoimmune and inflammatory disease (JAACD syndrome). More broadly, individuals who present with such conditions may benefit from genetic testing for the presence of JAK1 GoF variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Horesh
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marta Martin-Fernandez
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Conor Gruber
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sofija Buta
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tom Le Voyer
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
- Clinical Immunology Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eve Puzenat
- Department of Dermatology and INSERM 1098, University of Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Harry Lesmana
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yiming Wu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Richardson
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Stein
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Hodeib
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Virology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College London, Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, London, UK
| | - Mariam Youssef
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacob A. Kurowski
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Luis A. Pedroza
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramsay L. Fuleihan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandria Haseley
- Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Quartier
- Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Paediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, Fance
| | - Jérémie Rosain
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
- Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Georgina Davis
- Department of Immunology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
| | - Daniel Mullan
- Department of Immunology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
| | - O’Jay Stewart
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roosheel Patel
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angelica E. Lee
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Rubinstein
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leyla Ewald
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikhil Maheshwari
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ivan K. Chinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jordan S. Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Virology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College London, Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Yor, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Noura S. Abul-Husn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Institute for Genomic Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuval Itan
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua D. Milner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
- Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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11
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Lv Y, Mi P, Babon JJ, Fan G, Qi J, Cao L, Lang J, Zhang J, Wang F, Kobe B. Small molecule drug discovery targeting the JAK-STAT pathway. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107217. [PMID: 38777110 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway functions as a central hub for transmitting signals from more than 50 cytokines, playing a pivotal role in maintaining hematopoiesis, immune balance, and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of this pathway has been implicated in various diseases, including immunodeficiency, autoimmune conditions, hematological disorders, and certain cancers. Proteins within this pathway have emerged as effective therapeutic targets for managing these conditions, with various approaches developed to modulate key nodes in the signaling process, spanning from receptor engagement to transcription factor activation. Following the success of JAK inhibitors such as tofacitinib for RA treatment and ruxolitinib for managing primary myelofibrosis, the pharmaceutical industry has obtained approvals for over 10 small molecule drugs targeting the JAK-STAT pathway and many more are at various stages of clinical trials. In this review, we consolidate key strategies employed in drug discovery efforts targeting this pathway, with the aim of contributing to the collective understanding of small molecule interventions in the context of JAK-STAT signaling. We aspire that our endeavors will contribute to advancing the development of innovative and efficacious treatments for a range of diseases linked to this pathway dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Lv
- Center for Molecular Biosciences and Non-Communicable Diseases Research, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Xi'an Amazinggene Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Pengbing Mi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Guohuang Fan
- Immunophage Biotech Co., Ltd, No. 10 Lv Zhou Huan Road, Shanghai 201112, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Longxing Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Jiajia Lang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Xi'an Amazinggene Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Faming Wang
- Center for Molecular Biosciences and Non-Communicable Diseases Research, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China.
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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12
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Dessaux C, Ganier L, Guiraud L, Borg JP. Recent insights into the therapeutic strategies targeting the pseudokinase PTK7 in cancer. Oncogene 2024; 43:1973-1984. [PMID: 38773263 PMCID: PMC11196218 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The generation of drugs counteracting deregulated protein kinases has been a major focus in cancer therapy development. Breakthroughs in this effort have produced many therapeutic agents to the benefit of patients, mostly through the development of chemical or antibody-based drugs targeting active kinases. These strategies are challenged when considering catalytically inactive protein kinases (or pseudokinases), which represent 10% of the human kinome with many of relevance in cancer. Among the so-called pseudotyrosine kinases, the PTK7 receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) stands as a bona fide target overexpressed in several solid tumors and hematological malignancies and linked to metastasis, poor prognosis, and resistance to treatment. Despite the lack of catalytic activity, PTK7 has signaling capacities through heterodimerization with active RTKs and offers pharmacological targeting opportunities through its inactive kinase domain. Moreover, PTK7-targeting strategies based on antibody-drug conjugates, aptamers, and CAR-T cell-based therapies have demonstrated encouraging results in preclinical and clinical settings. We review the most recent data assigning to PTK7 a prominent role in cancer progression as well as current preclinical and clinical targeting strategies against RTK family pseudokinases including PTK7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Dessaux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell polarity, Cell signaling and Cancer', Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia Ganier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell polarity, Cell signaling and Cancer', Marseille, France
- adMare BioInnovations, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Louis Guiraud
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell polarity, Cell signaling and Cancer', Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell polarity, Cell signaling and Cancer', Marseille, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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13
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Schiefer S, Hale BG. Proximal protein landscapes of the type I interferon signaling cascade reveal negative regulation by PJA2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4484. [PMID: 38802340 PMCID: PMC11130243 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48800-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the intricate dynamic events governing type I interferon (IFN) signaling is critical to unravel key regulatory mechanisms in host antiviral defense. Here, we leverage TurboID-based proximity labeling coupled with affinity purification-mass spectrometry to comprehensively map the proximal human proteomes of all seven canonical type I IFN signaling cascade members under basal and IFN-stimulated conditions. This uncovers a network of 103 high-confidence proteins in close proximity to the core members IFNAR1, IFNAR2, JAK1, TYK2, STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9, and validates several known constitutive protein assemblies, while also revealing novel stimulus-dependent and -independent associations between key signaling molecules. Functional screening further identifies PJA2 as a negative regulator of IFN signaling via its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Mechanistically, PJA2 interacts with TYK2 and JAK1, promotes their non-degradative ubiquitination, and limits the activating phosphorylation of TYK2 thereby restraining downstream STAT signaling. Our high-resolution proximal protein landscapes provide global insights into the type I IFN signaling network, and serve as a valuable resource for future exploration of its functional complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Schiefer
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Life Science Zurich Graduate School, ETH and University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin G Hale
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Yaron-Barir TM, Joughin BA, Huntsman EM, Kerelsky A, Cizin DM, Cohen BM, Regev A, Song J, Vasan N, Lin TY, Orozco JM, Schoenherr C, Sagum C, Bedford MT, Wynn RM, Tso SC, Chuang DT, Li L, Li SSC, Creixell P, Krismer K, Takegami M, Lee H, Zhang B, Lu J, Cossentino I, Landry SD, Uduman M, Blenis J, Elemento O, Frame MC, Hornbeck PV, Cantley LC, Turk BE, Yaffe MB, Johnson JL. The intrinsic substrate specificity of the human tyrosine kinome. Nature 2024; 629:1174-1181. [PMID: 38720073 PMCID: PMC11136658 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of proteins on tyrosine (Tyr) residues evolved in metazoan organisms as a mechanism of coordinating tissue growth1. Multicellular eukaryotes typically have more than 50 distinct protein Tyr kinases that catalyse the phosphorylation of thousands of Tyr residues throughout the proteome1-3. How a given Tyr kinase can phosphorylate a specific subset of proteins at unique Tyr sites is only partially understood4-7. Here we used combinatorial peptide arrays to profile the substrate sequence specificity of all human Tyr kinases. Globally, the Tyr kinases demonstrate considerable diversity in optimal patterns of residues surrounding the site of phosphorylation, revealing the functional organization of the human Tyr kinome by substrate motif preference. Using this information, Tyr kinases that are most compatible with phosphorylating any Tyr site can be identified. Analysis of mass spectrometry phosphoproteomic datasets using this compendium of kinase specificities accurately identifies specific Tyr kinases that are dysregulated in cells after stimulation with growth factors, treatment with anti-cancer drugs or expression of oncogenic variants. Furthermore, the topology of known Tyr signalling networks naturally emerged from a comparison of the sequence specificities of the Tyr kinases and the SH2 phosphotyrosine (pTyr)-binding domains. Finally we show that the intrinsic substrate specificity of Tyr kinases has remained fundamentally unchanged from worms to humans, suggesting that the fidelity between Tyr kinases and their protein substrate sequences has been maintained across hundreds of millions of years of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer M Yaron-Barir
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian A Joughin
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emily M Huntsman
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Kerelsky
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel M Cizin
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin M Cohen
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amit Regev
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Junho Song
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neil Vasan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ting-Yu Lin
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Discovery Technologies, Calico Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jose M Orozco
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina Schoenherr
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cari Sagum
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Max Wynn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shih-Chia Tso
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David T Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lei Li
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shawn S-C Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Pau Creixell
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Konstantin Krismer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mina Takegami
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Harin Lee
- Department Of Bioinformatics, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department Of Bioinformatics, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA
| | - Jingyi Lu
- Department Of Bioinformatics, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA
| | - Ian Cossentino
- Department Of Bioinformatics, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA
| | - Sean D Landry
- Department Of Bioinformatics, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA
| | - Mohamed Uduman
- Department Of Bioinformatics, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA
| | - John Blenis
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter V Hornbeck
- Department Of Bioinformatics, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Benjamin E Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma, and Surgical Critical Care, and Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jared L Johnson
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Dunbar AJ, Bowman RL, Park YC, O'Connor K, Izzo F, Myers RM, Karzai A, Zaroogian Z, Kim WJ, Fernández-Maestre I, Waarts MR, Nazir A, Xiao W, Codilupi T, Brodsky M, Farina M, Cai L, Cai SF, Wang B, An W, Yang JL, Mowla S, Eisman SE, Hanasoge Somasundara AV, Glass JL, Mishra T, Houston R, Guzzardi E, Martinez Benitez AR, Viny AD, Koche RP, Meyer SC, Landau DA, Levine RL. Jak2V617F Reversible Activation Shows Its Essential Requirement in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:737-751. [PMID: 38230747 PMCID: PMC11061606 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations activating JAK/STAT signaling are seen in the majority of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), most commonly JAK2V617F. Although clinically approved JAK inhibitors improve symptoms and outcomes in MPNs, remissions are rare, and mutant allele burden does not substantively change with chronic therapy. We hypothesized this is due to limitations of current JAK inhibitors to potently and specifically abrogate mutant JAK2 signaling. We therefore developed a conditionally inducible mouse model allowing for sequential activation, and then inactivation, of Jak2V617F from its endogenous locus using a combined Dre-rox/Cre-lox dual-recombinase system. Jak2V617F deletion abrogates MPN features, induces depletion of mutant-specific hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, and extends overall survival to an extent not observed with pharmacologic JAK inhibition, including when cooccurring with somatic Tet2 loss. Our data suggest JAK2V617F represents the best therapeutic target in MPNs and demonstrate the therapeutic relevance of a dual-recombinase system to assess mutant-specific oncogenic dependencies in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE Current JAK inhibitors to treat myeloproliferative neoplasms are ineffective at eradicating mutant cells. We developed an endogenously expressed Jak2V617F dual-recombinase knock-in/knock-out model to investigate Jak2V617F oncogenic reversion in vivo. Jak2V617F deletion abrogates MPN features and depletes disease-sustaining MPN stem cells, suggesting improved Jak2V617F targeting offers the potential for greater therapeutic efficacy. See related commentary by Celik and Challen, p. 701. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 695.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Dunbar
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Myeloproliferative Neoplasm-Research Consortium
| | - Robert L. Bowman
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Young C. Park
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kavi O'Connor
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Franco Izzo
- Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York
| | - Robert M. Myers
- Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York
| | - Abdul Karzai
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Zachary Zaroogian
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Won Jun Kim
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Inés Fernández-Maestre
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael R. Waarts
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Abbas Nazir
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Wenbin Xiao
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Tamara Codilupi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max Brodsky
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mirko Farina
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Unit of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cell Therapies and Hematology Research Program, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Italy
| | - Louise Cai
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sheng F. Cai
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin Wang
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Wenbin An
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Julie L. Yang
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shoron Mowla
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shira E. Eisman
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Jacob L. Glass
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Tanmay Mishra
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Remie Houston
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Emily Guzzardi
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Aaron D. Viny
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Richard P. Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sara C. Meyer
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dan A. Landau
- Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York
| | - Ross L. Levine
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Myeloproliferative Neoplasm-Research Consortium
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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16
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Lesgidou N, Vlassi M. Community analysis of large-scale molecular dynamics simulations elucidated dynamics-driven allostery in tyrosine kinase 2. Proteins 2024; 92:474-498. [PMID: 37950407 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
TYK2 is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, member of the Janus kinases (JAK), with a central role in several diseases, including cancer. The JAKs' catalytic domains (KD) are highly conserved, yet the isolated TYK2-KD exhibits unique specificities. In a previous work, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a catalytically impaired TYK2-KD variant (P1104A) we found that this amino acid change of its JAK-characteristic insert (αFG), acts at the dynamics level. Given that structural dynamics is key to the allosteric activation of protein kinases, in this study we applied a long-scale MD simulation and investigated an active TYK2-KD form in the presence of adenosine 5'-triphosphate and one magnesium ion that represents a dynamic and crucial step of the catalytic cycle, in other protein kinases. Community analysis of the MD trajectory shed light, for the first time, on the dynamic profile and dynamics-driven allosteric communications within the TYK2-KD during activation and revealed that αFG and amino acids P1104, P1105, and I1112 in particular, hold a pivotal role and act synergistically with a dynamically coupled communication network of amino acids serving intra-KD signaling for allosteric regulation of TYK2 activity. Corroborating our findings, most of the identified amino acids are associated with cancer-related missense/splice-site mutations of the Tyk2 gene. We propose that the conformational dynamics at this step of the catalytic cycle, coordinated by αFG, underlie TYK2-unique substrate recognition and account for its distinct specificity. In total, this work adds to knowledge towards an in-depth understanding of TYK2 activation and may be valuable towards a rational design of allosteric TYK2-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastazia Lesgidou
- National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Biosciences & Applications, Athens, Greece
| | - Metaxia Vlassi
- National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Biosciences & Applications, Athens, Greece
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17
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Abraham BG, Haikarainen T, Vuorio J, Girych M, Virtanen AT, Kurttila A, Karathanasis C, Heilemann M, Sharma V, Vattulainen I, Silvennoinen O. Molecular basis of JAK2 activation in erythropoietin receptor and pathogenic JAK2 signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl2097. [PMID: 38457493 PMCID: PMC10923518 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mediates type I/II cytokine receptor signaling, but JAK2 is also activated by somatic mutations that cause hematological malignancies by mechanisms that are still incompletely understood. Quantitative superresolution microscopy (qSMLM) showed that erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) exists as monomers and dimerizes upon Epo stimulation or through the predominant JAK2 pseudokinase domain mutations (V617F, K539L, and R683S). Crystallographic analysis complemented by kinase activity analysis and atomic-level simulations revealed distinct pseudokinase dimer interfaces and activation mechanisms for the mutants: JAK V617F activity is driven by dimerization, K539L involves both increased receptor dimerization and kinase activity, and R683S prevents autoinhibition and increases catalytic activity and drives JAK2 equilibrium toward activation state through a wild-type dimer interface. Artificial intelligence-guided modeling and simulations revealed that the pseudokinase mutations cause differences in the pathogenic full-length JAK2 dimers, particularly in the FERM-SH2 domains. A detailed molecular understanding of mutation-driven JAK2 hyperactivation may enable novel therapeutic approaches to selectively target pathogenic JAK2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teemu Haikarainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joni Vuorio
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mykhailo Girych
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anniina T. Virtanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Kurttila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Christos Karathanasis
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mike Heilemann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Silvennoinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Sarson-Lawrence KTG, Hardy JM, Iaria J, Stockwell D, Behrens K, Saiyed T, Tan C, Jebeli L, Scott NE, Dite TA, Nicola NA, Leis AP, Babon JJ, Kershaw NJ. Cryo-EM structure of the extracellular domain of murine Thrombopoietin Receptor in complex with Thrombopoietin. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1135. [PMID: 38326297 PMCID: PMC10850085 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Thrombopoietin (Tpo) is the primary regulator of megakaryocyte and platelet numbers and is required for haematopoetic stem cell maintenance. Tpo functions by binding its receptor (TpoR, a homodimeric Class I cytokine receptor) and initiating cell proliferation or differentiation. Here we characterise the murine Tpo:TpoR signalling complex biochemically and structurally, using cryo-electron microscopy. Tpo uses opposing surfaces to recruit two copies of receptor, forming a 1:2 complex. Although it binds to the same, membrane-distal site on both receptor chains, it does so with significantly different affinities and its highly glycosylated C-terminal domain is not required. In one receptor chain, a large insertion, unique to TpoR, forms a partially structured loop that contacts cytokine. Tpo binding induces the juxtaposition of the two receptor chains adjacent to the cell membrane. The therapeutic agent romiplostim also targets the cytokine-binding site and the characterisation presented here supports the future development of improved TpoR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiseal T G Sarson-Lawrence
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joshua M Hardy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Josephine Iaria
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dina Stockwell
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kira Behrens
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tamanna Saiyed
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cyrus Tan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leila Jebeli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, 3000, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, 3000, Victoria, Australia
| | - Toby A Dite
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicos A Nicola
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew P Leis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Nadia J Kershaw
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia.
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19
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de Weerd NA, Kurowska A, Mendoza JL, Schreiber G. Structure-function of type I and III interferons. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 86:102413. [PMID: 38608537 PMCID: PMC11057355 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Type I and type III interferons (IFNs) are major components in activating the innate immune response. Common to both are two distinct receptor chains (IFNAR1/IFNAR2 and IFNLR1/IL10R2), which form ternary complexes upon binding their respective ligands. This results in close proximity of the intracellularly associated kinases JAK1 and TYK2, which cross phosphorylate each other, the associated receptor chains, and signal transducer and activator of transcriptions, with the latter activating IFN-stimulated genes. While there are clear similarities in the biological responses toward type I and type III IFNs, differences have been found in their tropism, tuning of activity, and induction of the immune response. Here, we focus on how these differences are embedded in the structure/function relations of these two systems in light of the recent progress that provides in-depth information on the structural assembly of these receptors and their functional implications and how these differ between the mouse and human systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A de Weerd
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Kurowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Juan L. Mendoza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 76100
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20
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Yamada K, Huang ZQ, Reily C, Green TJ, Suzuki H, Novak J, Suzuki Y. LIF/JAK2/STAT1 Signaling Enhances Production of Galactose-Deficient IgA1 by IgA1-Producing Cell Lines Derived From Tonsils of Patients With IgA Nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep 2024; 9:423-435. [PMID: 38344714 PMCID: PMC10851019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Tonsillectomy has been beneficial to some patients with IgAN, possibly due to the removal of tonsillar cytokine-activated cells producing Gd-IgA1. To test this hypothesis, we used immortalized IgA1-producing cell lines derived from tonsils of patients with IgAN or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and assessed the effect of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) or oncostatin M (OSM) on Gd-IgA1 production. Methods Gd-IgA1 production was measured by lectin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; JAK-STAT signaling in cultured cells was assessed by immunoblotting of cell lysates; and validated by using small interfering RNA (siRNA) knock-down and small-molecule inhibitors. Results IgAN-derived cells produced more Gd-IgA1 than the cells from patients with OSA, and exhibited elevated Gd-IgA1 production in response to LIF, but not OSM. This effect was associated with dysregulated STAT1 phosphorylation, as confirmed by STAT1 siRNA knock-down. JAK2 inhibitor, AZD1480 exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of the LIF-induced Gd-IgA1 overproduction. Unexpectedly, high concentrations of AZD1480, but only in the presence of LIF, reduced Gd-IgA1 production in the cells derived from patients with IgAN to that of the control cells from patients with OSA. Based on modeling LIF-LIFR-gp130-JAK2 receptor complex, we postulate that LIF binding to LIFR may sequester gp130 and/or JAK2 from other pathways; and when combined with JAK2 inhibition, enables full blockade of the aberrant O-glycosylation pathways in IgAN. Conclusion In summary, IgAN cells exhibit LIF-mediated overproduction of Gd-IgA1 due to abnormal signaling. JAK2 inhibitors can counter these LIF-induced effects and block Gd-IgA1 synthesis in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshi Yamada
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhi-Qiang Huang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Colin Reily
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Todd J. Green
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Sun S, Rodriguez G, Zhao G, Sanchez JE, Guo W, Du D, Rodriguez Moncivais OJ, Hu D, Liu J, Kirken RA, Li L. A novel approach to study multi-domain motions in JAK1's activation mechanism based on energy landscape. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae079. [PMID: 38446738 PMCID: PMC10939344 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The family of Janus Kinases (JAKs) associated with the JAK-signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway plays a vital role in the regulation of various cellular processes. The conformational change of JAKs is the fundamental steps for activation, affecting multiple intracellular signaling pathways. However, the transitional process from inactive to active kinase is still a mystery. This study is aimed at investigating the electrostatic properties and transitional states of JAK1 to a fully activation to a catalytically active enzyme. To achieve this goal, structures of the inhibited/activated full-length JAK1 were modelled and the energies of JAK1 with Tyrosine Kinase (TK) domain at different positions were calculated, and Dijkstra's method was applied to find the energetically smoothest path. Through a comparison of the energetically smoothest paths of kinase inactivating P733L and S703I mutations, an evaluation of the reasons why these mutations lead to negative or positive regulation of JAK1 are provided. Our energy analysis suggests that activation of JAK1 is thermodynamically spontaneous, with the inhibition resulting from an energy barrier at the initial steps of activation, specifically the release of the TK domain from the inhibited Four-point-one, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin-PK cavity. Overall, this work provides insights into the potential pathway for TK translocation and the activation mechanism of JAK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Sun
- Department of Biomedical Informatic, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX 79968, USA
| | - Georgialina Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Gaoshu Zhao
- Google LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Jason E Sanchez
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX 79968, USA
| | - Wenhan Guo
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX 79968, USA
| | - Dan Du
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX 79968, USA
| | - Omar J Rodriguez Moncivais
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Dehua Hu
- Department of Biomedical Informatic, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Robert Arthur Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX 79968, USA
- Google LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX 79968, USA
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22
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Bonelli M, Kerschbaumer A, Kastrati K, Ghoreschi K, Gadina M, Heinz LX, Smolen JS, Aletaha D, O'Shea J, Laurence A. Selectivity, efficacy and safety of JAKinibs: new evidence for a still evolving story. Ann Rheum Dis 2024; 83:139-160. [PMID: 37923366 PMCID: PMC10850682 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-223850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental insight gained over the last decades led to the discovery of cytokines as pivotal drivers of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis/psoriasis arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, atopic dermatitis and spondylarthritis. A deeper understanding of the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of various cytokines has prompted new cytokine-targeting therapies, which revolutionised the treatment options in the last years for patients with inflammatory disorders. Disease-associated immune responses typically involve a complex interplay of multiple cytokines. Therefore, blockade of one single cytokine does not necessarily lead to a persistent remission in all patients with inflammatory disorders and fostered new therapeutic strategies targeting intracellular pathways shared by multiple cytokines. By inhibiting JAK-STAT signalling pathways common to families of cytokines, JAK-inhibitors (JAKinibs) have created a new paradigm for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Multiple agents have been approved for various disorders and more are being investigated for several new indications. Second-generation selective JAKinibs have been devised with the aim to achieve an increased selectivity and a possible reduced risk of side effects. In the current review, we will summarise the current body of evidence of pan versus selective JAKinibs and the most recent insights on new side effects and indications, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bonelli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Kerschbaumer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kastriot Kastrati
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leonhard X Heinz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef S Smolen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Aletaha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - John O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Arian Laurence
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Haematology, University College Hospital, UCLH Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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23
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Hao Z, Li J, Gao F, Ren W, Lu X, Feng J, Zhang C, Bian S, Xie J, Luo M, Chang J, Yang W, Hou R, Muyey DM, Xu J, Cui J, Chen X, Wang H. A germline JAK2 exon12 mutation and a late somatic CALR mutation in a patient with essential thrombocythemia. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1265022. [PMID: 38239637 PMCID: PMC10794477 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1265022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It has been discovered that Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) exon12 mutations lead to the polycythemia vera (PV) phenotype, while somatic mutations of calreticulin (CALR) are associated with essential thrombocythemia (ET) or primary myelofibrosis. In this article, we report a case of ET with coexistence of JAK2 exon12 and CALR mutations. The objective of this study was to elucidate the pathogenicity mechanism of a JAK2 exon12 mutation (JAK2N533S) and the role of the coexistence of mutations on the hematological phenotype. Methods We designed a colony analysis of tumor cells obtained from this patient, and attempted to identify mutant genes using DNA from hair follicles. Mutation impairment prediction and conservative analysis were conducted to predict the mutation impairment and structure of JAK2N533S. In addition, we conducted a functional analysis of JAK2N533S by constructing Ba/F3 cell models. Results Three distinct tumor subclones, namely JAK2N533Shet+/CALRtype1het +, JAK2N533Shet+/CALR wt, and JAK2N533Shet+/CALRtype1hom +, were identified from the 17 selected erythroid and 21 selected granulocyte colonies. The analysis of hair follicles yielded positive results for JAK2N533S. According to the bioinformatics analysis, JAK2N533S may exert only a minor effect on protein function. Functional studies showed that JAK2N533S did not have a significant effect on the proliferation of Ba/F3 cells in the absence of interleukin-3 (IL-3), similar to wild-type JAK2. Notably, there were no increased phosphorylation levels of JAK2-downstream signaling proteins, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and STAT5, in Ba/F3 cells harboring the JAK2N533S. Conclusion Our study revealed that the JAK2N533Shet+/CALRtype1het+ subclone was linked to a significant expansion advantage in this patient, indicating that it may contribute to the development of the ET phenotype. We further demonstrated that JAK2N533S, as a noncanonical JAK2 exon12 mutation, is a germline mutation that may not exert an effect on cell proliferation and protein function. These results and the present body of available data imply that certain noncanonical JAK2 mutations are not gain-of-function mutations leading to the development of myeloproliferative neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanghui Hao
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Genetics, Changzhi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changzhi, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Weixiao Ren
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinyi Feng
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sicheng Bian
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Juan Xie
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianmei Chang
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wanfang Yang
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruixia Hou
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Daniel Muteb Muyey
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiangxia Cui
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiuhua Chen
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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24
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Jensen LT, Attfield KE, Feldmann M, Fugger L. Allosteric TYK2 inhibition: redefining autoimmune disease therapy beyond JAK1-3 inhibitors. EBioMedicine 2023; 97:104840. [PMID: 37863021 PMCID: PMC10589750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
JAK inhibitors impact multiple cytokine pathways simultaneously, enabling high efficacy in treating complex diseases such as cancers and immune-mediated disorders. However, their broad reach also poses safety concerns, which have fuelled a demand for increasingly selective JAK inhibitors. Deucravacitinib, a first-in-class allosteric TYK2 inhibitor, represents a remarkable advancement in the field. Rather than competing at kinase domain catalytic sites as classical JAK1-3 inhibitors, deucravacitinib targets the regulatory pseudokinase domain of TYK2. It strikingly mirrors the functional effect of an evolutionary conserved naturally occurring TYK2 variant, P1104A, known to protect against multiple autoimmune diseases yet provide sufficient TYK2-mediated cytokine signalling required to prevent immune deficiency. The unprecedentedly high functional selectivity and efficacy-safety profile of deucravacitinib, initially demonstrated in psoriasis, combined with genetic support, and promising outcomes in early SLE clinical trials make this inhibitor ripe for exploration in other autoimmune diseases for which better, safe, and efficacious treatments are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Torp Jensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Kathrine E Attfield
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Marc Feldmann
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, Botnar Research Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Lars Fugger
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200, Denmark; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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25
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Xiang J, Wang Y, Wang W, Yu J, Zheng L, Hong Y, Shi L, Zhang C, Chen N, Xu J, Gong X, Zhang Z, Cui H, Zhou Q, Zhang D, Liu Y, Ke Y, Shen J, Xia G, Bai X. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of quinazoline derivatives as novel and potent pan-JAK inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106765. [PMID: 37582330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) play a critical role in modulating the function and expression of inflammatory cytokines related to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of a series of novel quinazoline derivatives as JAK inhibitors. Among these inhibitors, compound 11n showed high potency against JAKs (JAK1/JAK2/JAK3/TYK2, IC50 = 0.40, 0.83, 2.10, 1.95 nM), desirable metabolic characters, and excellent pharmacokinetic properties. In collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) models, compound 11n exhibited significant reduction in joint swelling with good safety, which could be served as a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Xiang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Yuji Wang
- Central Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Wanhe Wang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Jianxin Yu
- Central Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Lianyou Zheng
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Yuan Hong
- Central Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Lingling Shi
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Na Chen
- Central Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jia Xu
- Central Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xuelian Gong
- Central Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Zhuoqi Zhang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Hongming Cui
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Qian Zhou
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Central Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Ying Ke
- Central Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jingkang Shen
- Central Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Guangxin Xia
- Central Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Xu Bai
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China.
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26
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Mesev EV, Lin AE, Guare EG, Heller BL, Douam F, Adamson B, Toettcher JE, Ploss A. Membrane-proximal motifs encode differences in signaling strength between type I and III interferon receptors. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadf5494. [PMID: 37816090 PMCID: PMC10939449 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adf5494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) play crucial roles in antiviral defenses. Despite using the same Janus-activated kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling cascade, type I and III IFN receptors differ in the magnitude and dynamics of their signaling in terms of STAT phosphorylation, gene transcription, and antiviral responses. These differences are not due to ligand-binding affinity and receptor abundance. Here, we investigated the ability of the intracellular domains (ICDs) of IFN receptors to differentiate between type I and III IFN signaling. We engineered synthetic, heterodimeric type I and III IFN receptors that were stably expressed at similar amounts in human cells and responded to a common ligand. We found that our synthetic type I IFN receptors stimulated STAT phosphorylation and gene expression to greater extents than did the corresponding type III IFN receptors. Furthermore, we identified short "box motifs" within ICDs that bind to JAK1 that were sufficient to encode differences between the type I and III IFN receptors. Together, our results indicate that specific regions within the ICDs of IFN receptor subunits encode different downstream signaling strengths that enable type I and III IFN receptors to produce distinct signaling outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily V. Mesev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Aaron E. Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Emma G. Guare
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Brigitte L. Heller
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Florian Douam
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Britt Adamson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Lewis Sigler Center for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jared E. Toettcher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Omenn-Darling Bioengineering Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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27
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Wang J, Batista VS, Bunick CG. Triple-action inhibitory mechanism of allosteric TYK2-specific inhibitors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.09.561507. [PMID: 37873392 PMCID: PMC10592677 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.09.561507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Deucravacitinib, 6-(cyclopropanecarbonylamido)-4-[2-methoxy-3-(1-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)anilino]-N-(trideuteriomethyl)pyridazine-3-carboxamide, is a highly selective inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) that targets the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. The structural basis for its selectivity and allosteric inhibition remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the inhibition mechanism through analysis of available structures relevant to the STAT pathway, including crystal structures of the truncated TYK2 FERM-SH2 domain bound to the IFNα type I receptor (IFNαR1) and the truncated TYK2 JH2-JH1 domain. Our computational analysis provides a mechanistic hypothesis for the relatively rapid interferon-induced gene expression mediated by TYK2 relative to other cytokines. We find that deucravacitinib inhibits TYK2 kinase in three distinct states: the autoinhibited state and two activated states for autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of downstream protein substrates. Its binding to the TYK2 pseudokinase domain in the autoinhibited state restricts the essential dynamics of the TYK2 kinase domain required for kinase activity. Furthermore, it binds competitively with ATP in the pseudokinase domain, and also directly prevents formation of the active state of TYK2 through steric clashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Wang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Christopher G. Bunick
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT06520, USA
- Program in Translational Biomedicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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28
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Havelange V, Constantinescu SN. Molecular pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms: Where do we stand in 2023? Am J Hematol 2023; 98:1512-1516. [PMID: 37635451 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Violaine Havelange
- Université catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan N Constantinescu
- Université catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- WelBio Department, Wel Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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29
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Dvořáček L, Marková J, Holoubek A, Grebeňová D, Kundrát D, Kuželová K, Schwarz J. A novel germline hyperactivating JAK2 mutation L604F. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:2725-2734. [PMID: 37639050 PMCID: PMC10492870 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Somatic JAK2 mutations are the main molecular cause of the vast majority of polycythemia vera (PV) cases. According to a recent structural model, the prevalent acquired V617F mutation improves the stability of the JAK2 dimer, thereby enhancing the constitutive JAK2 kinase activity. Germline JAK2 mutations usually do not largely alter JAK2 signaling, although they may modulate the impact of V617F. We found an unusual germline JAK2 mutation L604F in homozygous form in a young PV patient, along with a low allele burden JAK2 V617F mutation, and in her apparently healthy sister. Their father with a PV-like disease had L604F in a heterozygous state, without V617F. The functional consequences of JAK2 L604Fmutation were compared with those induced by V617F in two different in vitro model systems: (i) HEK293T cells were transfected with plasmids for exogenous JAK2-GFP expression, and (ii) endogenous JAK2 modifications were introduced into HeLa cells using CRISPR/Cas9. Both mutations significantly increased JAK2 constitutive activity in transfected HEK293T cells. In the second model, JAK2 modification resulted in reduced total JAK2 protein levels. An important difference was also detected: as described previously, the effect of V617F on JAK2 kinase activity was abrogated in the absence of the aromatic residue F595. In contrast, JAK2 hyperactivation by L604F was only partially inhibited by the F595 change to alanine. We propose that the L604F mutation increases the probability of spontaneous JAK2 dimer formation, which is physiologically mediated by F595. In addition, L604F may contribute to dimer stabilization similarly to V617F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Dvořáček
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Marková
- Clinical Department, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Holoubek
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Grebeňová
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Kundrát
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kuželová
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Schwarz
- Clinical Department, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
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30
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Vainchenker W, Yahmi N, Havelange V, Marty C, Plo I, Constantinescu SN. Recent advances in therapies for primary myelofibrosis. Fac Rev 2023; 12:23. [PMID: 37771602 PMCID: PMC10523375 DOI: 10.12703/r/12-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF), polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) form the classical BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) that are driven by a constitutive activation of JAK2 signaling. PMF as well as secondary MF (post-ET and post-PV MF) are the most aggressive MPNs. Presently, there is no curative treatment, except allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. JAK inhibitors, essentially ruxolitinib, are the therapy of reference for intermediate and high-risk MF. However, presently the current JAK inhibitors behave mainly as anti-inflammatory drugs, improving general symptoms and spleen size without major impact on disease progression. A better understanding of the genetics of MF, the biology of its leukemic stem cells (LSCs), the mechanisms of fibrosis and of cytopenia and the role of inflammatory cytokines has led to new approaches with the development of numerous therapeutic agents that target epigenetic regulation, telomerase, apoptosis, cell cycle, cytokines and signaling. Furthermore, the use of a new less toxic form of interferon-α has been revived, as it is presently one of the only molecules that targets the mutated clone. These new approaches have different aims: (a) to provide alternative therapy to JAK inhibition; (b) to correct cytopenia; and (c) to inhibit fibrosis development. However, the main important goal is to find new disease modifier treatments, which will profoundly modify the progression of the disease without major toxicity. Presently the most promising approaches consist of the inhibition of telomerase and the combination of JAK2 inhibitors (ruxolitinib) with either a BCL2/BCL-xL or BET inhibitor. Yet, the most straightforward future approaches can be considered to be the development of and/or selective inhibition of JAK2V617F and the targeting MPL and calreticulin mutants by immunotherapy. It can be expected that the therapy of MF will be significantly improved in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Vainchenker
- INSERM, UMR1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, UMR1287, Villejuif, France
| | - Nasrine Yahmi
- INSERM, UMR1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, UMR1287, Villejuif, France
| | - Violaine Havelange
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Cliniques universitaires Saint Luc, Department of Hematology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Marty
- INSERM, UMR1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, UMR1287, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Plo
- INSERM, UMR1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, UMR1287, Villejuif, France
| | - Stefan N Constantinescu
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- WEL Research Institute, WELBIO Department, Wavre, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Rodriguez Moncivais OJ, Chavez SA, Estrada Jimenez VH, Sun S, Li L, Kirken RA, Rodriguez G. Structural Analysis of Janus Tyrosine Kinase Variants in Hematological Malignancies: Implications for Drug Development and Opportunities for Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14573. [PMID: 37834019 PMCID: PMC10572942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) variants are known drivers for hematological disorders. With the full-length structure of mouse JAK1 being recently resolved, new observations on the localization of variants within closed, open, and dimerized JAK structures are possible. Full-length homology models of human wild-type JAK family members were developed using the Glassman et al. reported mouse JAK1 containing the V658F structure as a template. Many mutational sites related to proliferative hematological disorders reside in the JH2 pseudokinase domains facing the region important in dimerization of JAKs in both closed and open states. More than half of all JAK gain of function (GoF) variants are changes in polarity, while only 1.2% are associated with a change in charge. Within a JAK1-JAK3 homodimer model, IFNLR1 (PDB ID7T6F) and the IL-2 common gamma chain subunit (IL2Rγc) were aligned with the respective dimer implementing SWISS-MODEL coupled with ChimeraX. JAK3 variants were observed to encircle the catalytic site of the kinase domain, while mutations in the pseudokinase domain align along the JAK-JAK dimerization axis. FERM domains of JAK1 and JAK3 are identified as a hot spot for hematologic malignancies. Herein, we propose new allosteric surfaces for targeting hyperactive JAK dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar J. Rodriguez Moncivais
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Chavez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Victor H. Estrada Jimenez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Shengjie Sun
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Computational Sciences Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Computational Sciences Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Robert A. Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Georgialina Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
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Pogozheva ID, Cherepanov S, Park SJ, Raghavan M, Im W, Lomize AL. Structural Modeling of Cytokine-Receptor-JAK2 Signaling Complexes Using AlphaFold Multimer. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:5874-5895. [PMID: 37694948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Homodimeric class 1 cytokine receptors include the erythropoietin (EPOR), thrombopoietin (TPOR), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3R), growth hormone (GHR), and prolactin receptors (PRLR). These cell-surface single-pass transmembrane (TM) glycoproteins regulate cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation and induce oncogenesis. An active TM signaling complex consists of a receptor homodimer, one or two ligands bound to the receptor extracellular domains, and two molecules of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) constitutively associated with the receptor intracellular domains. Although crystal structures of soluble extracellular domains with ligands have been obtained for all of the receptors except TPOR, little is known about the structure and dynamics of the complete TM complexes that activate the downstream JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Three-dimensional models of five human receptor complexes with cytokines and JAK2 were generated here by using AlphaFold Multimer. Given the large size of the complexes (from 3220 to 4074 residues), the modeling required a stepwise assembly from smaller parts, with selection and validation of the models through comparisons with published experimental data. The modeling of active and inactive complexes supports a general activation mechanism that involves ligand binding to a monomeric receptor followed by receptor dimerization and rotational movement of the receptor TM α-helices, causing proximity, dimerization, and activation of associated JAK2 subunits. The binding mode of two eltrombopag molecules to the TM α-helices of the active TPOR dimer was proposed. The models also help elucidate the molecular basis of oncogenic mutations that may involve a noncanonical activation route. Models equilibrated in explicit lipids of the plasma membrane are publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina D Pogozheva
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Stanislav Cherepanov
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sang-Jun Park
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Wonpil Im
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Andrei L Lomize
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Tsutsumi N, Masoumi Z, James SC, Tucker JA, Winkelmann H, Grey W, Picton LK, Moss L, Wilson SC, Caveney NA, Jude KM, Gati C, Piehler J, Hitchcock IS, Garcia KC. Structure of the thrombopoietin-MPL receptor complex is a blueprint for biasing hematopoiesis. Cell 2023; 186:4189-4203.e22. [PMID: 37633268 PMCID: PMC10528194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Thrombopoietin (THPO or TPO) is an essential cytokine for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance and megakaryocyte differentiation. Here, we report the 3.4 Å resolution cryoelectron microscopy structure of the extracellular TPO-TPO receptor (TpoR or MPL) signaling complex, revealing the basis for homodimeric MPL activation and providing a structural rationalization for genetic loss-of-function thrombocytopenia mutations. The structure guided the engineering of TPO variants (TPOmod) with a spectrum of signaling activities, from neutral antagonists to partial- and super-agonists. Partial agonist TPOmod decoupled JAK/STAT from ERK/AKT/CREB activation, driving a bias for megakaryopoiesis and platelet production without causing significant HSC expansion in mice and showing superior maintenance of human HSCs in vitro. These data demonstrate the functional uncoupling of the two primary roles of TPO, highlighting the potential utility of TPOmod in hematology research and clinical HSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotaka Tsutsumi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Zahra Masoumi
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Sophie C James
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Julie A Tucker
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Hauke Winkelmann
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - William Grey
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Lora K Picton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lucie Moss
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Steven C Wilson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nathanael A Caveney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin M Jude
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cornelius Gati
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biosciences Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ian S Hitchcock
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Nair PC, Piehler J, Tvorogov D, Ross DM, Lopez AF, Gotlib J, Thomas D. Next-Generation JAK2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Lessons from Structure-Based Drug Discovery Approaches. Blood Cancer Discov 2023; 4:352-364. [PMID: 37498362 PMCID: PMC10472187 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-22-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective inhibitors of Janus kinase (JAK) 2 have been in demand since the discovery of the JAK2 V617F mutation present in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN); however, the structural basis of V617F oncogenicity has only recently been elucidated. New structural studies reveal a role for other JAK2 domains, beyond the kinase domain, that contribute to pathogenic signaling. Here we evaluate the structure-based approaches that led to recently-approved type I JAK2 inhibitors (fedratinib and pacritinib), as well as type II (BBT594 and CHZ868) and pseudokinase inhibitors under development (JNJ7706621). With full-length JAK homodimeric structures now available, superior selective and mutation-specific JAK2 inhibitors are foreseeable. SIGNIFICANCE The JAK inhibitors currently used for the treatment of MPNs are effective for symptom management but not for disease eradication, primarily because they are not strongly selective for the mutant clone. The rise of computational and structure-based drug discovery approaches together with the knowledge of full-length JAK dimer complexes provides a unique opportunity to develop better targeted therapies for a range of conditions driven by pathologic JAK2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod C. Nair
- Cancer Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI) Cancer Program, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology and Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Denis Tvorogov
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David M. Ross
- Cancer Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Angel F. Lopez
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jason Gotlib
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Daniel Thomas
- Cancer Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Gao J, Cao B, Zhao R, Li H, Xu Q, Wei B. Critical Signaling Transduction Pathways and Intestinal Barrier: Implications for Pathophysiology and Therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1216. [PMID: 37765024 PMCID: PMC10537644 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is a sum of the functions and structures consisting of the intestinal mucosal epithelium, mucus, intestinal flora, secretory immunoglobulins, and digestive juices. It is the first-line defense mechanism that resists nonspecific infections with powerful functions that include physical, endocrine, and immune defenses. Health and physiological homeostasis are greatly dependent on the sturdiness of the intestinal barrier shield, whose dysfunction can contribute to the progression of numerous types of intestinal diseases. Disorders of internal homeostasis may also induce barrier impairment and form vicious cycles during the response to diseases. Therefore, the identification of the underlying mechanisms involved in intestinal barrier function and the development of effective drugs targeting its damage have become popular research topics. Evidence has shown that multiple signaling pathways and corresponding critical molecules are extensively involved in the regulation of the barrier pathophysiological state. Ectopic expression or activation of signaling pathways plays an essential role in the process of shield destruction. Although some drugs, such as molecular or signaling inhibitors, are currently used for the treatment of intestinal diseases, their efficacy cannot meet current medical requirements. In this review, we summarize the current achievements in research on the relationships between the intestinal barrier and signaling pathways. The limitations and future perspectives are also discussed to provide new horizons for targeted therapies for restoring intestinal barrier function that have translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (J.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Ruiyang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (J.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Hanghang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (J.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Qixuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (J.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (J.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.)
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Liu H, Yang Y, Zhang J, Li X. Baricitinib improves pulmonary fibrosis in mice with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease by inhibiting the Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway. Adv Rheumatol 2023; 63:45. [PMID: 37641106 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-023-00325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study explored improvements in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in a bovine type II collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease mouse model after treatment with baricitinib and the possible mechanism of action. METHODS A rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease mouse model was established, siRNA Jak2 and lentiviral vectors were transfected with human embryonic lung fibroblast cells. And the levels of relevant proteins in mouse lung tissue and human embryonic lung fibroblasts were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS The levels of JAK2, p-JAK2, p-STAT3, p-SMAD3, SMA, TGFβR2, FN and COL4 were increased in the lung tissues of model mice (P < 0.5) and decreased after baricitinib intervention (P < 0.05). The expression levels of p-STAT3, p-SMAD3, SMA, TGFβR2, FN and COL4 were reduced after siRNA downregulation of the JAK2 gene (P < 0.01) and increased after lentiviral overexpression of the JAK2 gene (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Baricitinib alleviated fibrosis in the lung tissue of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease mice, and the mechanism of action may involve the downregulation of Smad3 expression via inhibition of the Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway, with consequent inhibition of the profibrotic effect of transforming growth factor-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Xuelin Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 400010, China
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37
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Wang Z, Sun L, Xu Y, Liang P, Xu K, Huang J. Discovery of novel JAK1 inhibitors through combining machine learning, structure-based pharmacophore modeling and bio-evaluation. J Transl Med 2023; 21:579. [PMID: 37641144 PMCID: PMC10464202 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) plays a critical role in most cytokine-mediated inflammatory, autoimmune responses and various cancers via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Inhibition of JAK1 is therefore an attractive therapeutic strategy for several diseases. Recently, high-performance machine learning techniques have been increasingly applied in virtual screening to develop new kinase inhibitors. Our study aimed to develop a novel layered virtual screening method based on machine learning (ML) and pharmacophore models to identify the potential JAK1 inhibitors. METHODS Firstly, we constructed a high-quality dataset comprising 3834 JAK1 inhibitors and 12,230 decoys, followed by establishing a series of classification models based on a combination of three molecular descriptors and six ML algorithms. To further screen potential compounds, we constructed several pharmacophore models based on Hiphop and receptor-ligand algorithms. We then used molecular docking to filter the recognized compounds. Finally, the binding stability and enzyme inhibition activity of the identified compounds were assessed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and in vitro enzyme activity tests. RESULTS The best performance ML model DNN-ECFP4 and two pharmacophore models Hiphop3 and 6TPF 08 were utilized to screen the ZINC database. A total of 13 potentially active compounds were screened and the MD results demonstrated that all of the above molecules could bind with JAK1 stably in dynamic conditions. Among the shortlisted compounds, the four purchasable compounds demonstrated significant kinase inhibition activity, with Z-10 being the most active (IC50 = 194.9 nM). CONCLUSION The current study provides an efficient and accurate integrated model. The hit compounds were promising candidates for the further development of novel JAK1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Honghui Hospital, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, 710054, China.
| | - Lili Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery,China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Peida Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Honghui Hospital, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, 710054, China
| | - Kaiyan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Honghui Hospital, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, 710054, China.
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Henry SP, Jorgensen WL. Progress on the Pharmacological Targeting of Janus Pseudokinases. J Med Chem 2023; 66:10959-10990. [PMID: 37578217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The Janus kinases (JAKs) are key components of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and are involved in myriad physiological processes. Though they are the molecular targets of many FDA-approved drugs, these drugs manifest adverse effects due in part to their inhibition of the requisite JAK kinase activity. However, the JAKs uniquely possess an integrated pseudokinase domain (JH2) that regulates the adjacent kinase domain (JH1). The therapeutic targeting of JH2 domains has been less thoroughly explored and may present an avenue to modulate the JAKs without the adverse effects associated with targeting the adjacent JH1 domain. The potential of this strategy was recently demonstrated with the FDA approval of the TYK2 JH2 ligand deucravacitinib for treating plaque psoriasis. In this light, the structure and targetability of the JAK pseudokinases are discussed, in conjunction with the state of development of ligands that bind to these domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - William L Jorgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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Hernandez LM, Montersino A, Niu J, Guo S, Faezov B, Sanders SS, Dunbrack RL, Thomas GM. Palmitoylation-dependent control of JAK1 kinase signaling governs responses to neuropoietic cytokines and survival in DRG neurons. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104965. [PMID: 37356718 PMCID: PMC10413081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus Kinase-1 (JAK1) plays key roles during neurodevelopment and following neuronal injury, while activatory JAK1 mutations are linked to leukemia. In mice, Jak1 genetic deletion results in perinatal lethality, suggesting non-redundant roles and/or regulation of JAK1 for which other JAKs cannot compensate. Proteomic studies reveal that JAK1 is more likely palmitoylated compared to other JAKs, implicating palmitoylation as a possible JAK1-specific regulatory mechanism. However, the importance of palmitoylation for JAK1 signaling has not been addressed. Here, we report that JAK1 is palmitoylated in transfected HEK293T cells and endogenously in cultured Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) neurons. We further use comprehensive screening in transfected non-neuronal cells and shRNA-mediated knockdown in DRG neurons to identify the related enzymes ZDHHC3 and ZDHHC7 as dominant protein acyltransferases (PATs) for JAK1. Surprisingly, we found palmitoylation minimally affects JAK1 localization in neurons, but is critical for JAK1's kinase activity in cells and even in vitro. We propose this requirement is likely because palmitoylation facilitates transphosphorylation of key sites in JAK1's activation loop, a possibility consistent with structural models of JAK1. Importantly, we demonstrate a leukemia-associated JAK1 mutation overrides the palmitoylation-dependence of JAK1 activity, potentially explaining why this mutation is oncogenic. Finally, we show that JAK1 palmitoylation is important for neuropoietic cytokine-dependent signaling and neuronal survival and that combined Zdhhc3/7 loss phenocopies loss of palmitoyl-JAK1. These findings provide new insights into the control of JAK signaling in both physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiselys M Hernandez
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Audrey Montersino
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jingwen Niu
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shuchi Guo
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bulat Faezov
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Shaun S Sanders
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roland L Dunbrack
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gareth M Thomas
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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40
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Rodriguez G, Martinez GS, Negrete OD, Sun S, Guo W, Xie Y, Li L, Xiao C, Ross JA, Kirken RA. JAK3 Y841 Autophosphorylation Is Critical for STAT5B Activation, Kinase Domain Stability and Dimer Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11928. [PMID: 37569303 PMCID: PMC10418363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus tyrosine kinase 3 (JAK3) is primarily expressed in immune cells and is needed for signaling by the common gamma chain (γc) family of cytokines. Abnormal JAK3 signal transduction can manifest as hematological disorders, e.g., leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and autoimmune disease states. While regulatory JAK3 phosphosites have been well studied, here a functional proteomics approach coupling a JAK3 autokinase assay to mass spectrometry revealed ten previously unreported autophosphorylation sites (Y105, Y190, Y238, Y399, Y633, Y637, Y738, Y762, Y824, and Y841). Of interest, Y841 was determined to be evolutionarily conserved across multiple species and JAK family members, suggesting a broader role for this residue. Phospho-substitution mutants confirmed that Y841 is also required for STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation. The homologous JAK1 residue Y894 elicited a similar response to mutagenesis, indicating the shared importance for this site in JAK family members. Phospho-specific Y841-JAK3 antibodies recognized activated kinase from various T-cell lines and transforming JAK3 mutants. Computational biophysics analysis linked Y841 phosphorylation to enhanced JAK3 JH1 domain stability across pH environments, as well as to facilitated complementary electrostatic JH1 dimer formation. Interestingly, Y841 is not limited to tyrosine kinases, suggesting it represents a conserved ubiquitous enzymatic function that may hold therapeutic potential across multiple kinase families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgialina Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - George Steven Martinez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Omar Daniel Negrete
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Shengjie Sun
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Wenhan Guo
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Yixin Xie
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Chuan Xiao
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Jeremy Aaron Ross
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Robert Arthur Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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Xu J, Chen Y, Chen H, Wang J, Yan T, Yu X, Ye L, Xu M, Xu S, Yu H, Deng R, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Chen Q, Yu X, Liu Y, Liang Y, Gu F. Best-corrected visual acuity results facilitate molecular diagnosis of infantile nystagmus patients harboring FRMD7 mutations. Exp Eye Res 2023:109567. [PMID: 37423457 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The visual function of patients with infantile nystagmus (IN) can be significantly decreased owing to constant eye movement. While, reaching a definitive diagnosis becomes a challenge due to genetic heterozygous of this disease. To address it, we investigated whether best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) results can facilitate the molecular diagnosis of IN patients harboring FRMD7 mutations. 200 patients with IN from 55 families and 133 sporadic cases were enrolled. Mutations were comprehensively screened by direct sequencing using gene-specific primers for FRMD7. We also retrieved related literature to verify the results based on our data. We found that the BCVA of patients with IN harboring FRMD7 mutations was between 0.5 and 0.7, which was confirmed by data retrieved from the literature. Our results showed that BCVA results facilitate the molecular diagnosis of patients with IN harboring FRMD7 mutations. In addition, we identified 31 FRMD7 mutations from the patients, including six novel mutations, namely, frameshift mutation c.1492_1493insT (p.Y498LfsTer14), splice-site mutation c.353C > G, three missense mutations [c.208C > G (p.P70A), c.234G > A (p.M78I), and c.1109G > A (p.H370R)], and nonsense mutation c.1195G > T (p.E399Ter). This study demonstrates that BCVA results may facilitate the molecular diagnosis of IN patients harboring FRMD7 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yamin Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiahua Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tong Yan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xudong Yu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Ye
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meiping Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Suzhong Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanyun Yu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruzhi Deng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yihan Zheng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yeqin Yang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinping Yu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanbo Liang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Feng Gu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.
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Pogozheva ID, Cherepanov S, Park SJ, Raghavan M, Im W, Lomize AL. Structural modeling of cytokine-receptor-JAK2 signaling complexes using AlphaFold Multimer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.14.544971. [PMID: 37398331 PMCID: PMC10312770 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.544971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Homodimeric class 1 cytokine receptors include the erythropoietin (EPOR), thrombopoietin (TPOR), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3R), growth hormone (GHR), and prolactin receptors (PRLR). They are cell-surface single-pass transmembrane (TM) glycoproteins that regulate cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation and induce oncogenesis. An active TM signaling complex consists of a receptor homodimer, one or two ligands bound to the receptor extracellular domains and two molecules of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) constitutively associated with the receptor intracellular domains. Although crystal structures of soluble extracellular domains with ligands have been obtained for all the receptors except TPOR, little is known about the structure and dynamics of the complete TM complexes that activate the downstream JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Three-dimensional models of five human receptor complexes with cytokines and JAK2 were generated using AlphaFold Multimer. Given the large size of the complexes (from 3220 to 4074 residues), the modeling required a stepwise assembly from smaller parts with selection and validation of the models through comparisons with published experimental data. The modeling of active and inactive complexes supports a general activation mechanism that involves ligand binding to a monomeric receptor followed by receptor dimerization and rotational movement of the receptor TM α-helices causing proximity, dimerization, and activation of associated JAK2 subunits. The binding mode of two eltrombopag molecules to TM α-helices of the active TPOR dimer was proposed. The models also help elucidating the molecular basis of oncogenic mutations that may involve non-canonical activation route. Models equilibrated in explicit lipids of the plasma membrane are publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina D. Pogozheva
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | | | - Sang-Jun Park
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Wonpil Im
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States
| | - Andrei L. Lomize
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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Xue C, Yao Q, Gu X, Shi Q, Yuan X, Chu Q, Bao Z, Lu J, Li L. Evolving cognition of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway: autoimmune disorders and cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:204. [PMID: 37208335 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of transmembrane signal transduction that enables cells to communicate with the exterior environment. Various cytokines, interferons, growth factors, and other specific molecules activate JAK-STAT signaling to drive a series of physiological and pathological processes, including proliferation, metabolism, immune response, inflammation, and malignancy. Dysregulated JAK-STAT signaling and related genetic mutations are strongly associated with immune activation and cancer progression. Insights into the structures and functions of the JAK-STAT pathway have led to the development and approval of diverse drugs for the clinical treatment of diseases. Currently, drugs have been developed to mainly target the JAK-STAT pathway and are commonly divided into three subtypes: cytokine or receptor antibodies, JAK inhibitors, and STAT inhibitors. And novel agents also continue to be developed and tested in preclinical and clinical studies. The effectiveness and safety of each kind of drug also warrant further scientific trials before put into being clinical applications. Here, we review the current understanding of the fundamental composition and function of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. We also discuss advancements in the understanding of JAK-STAT-related pathogenic mechanisms; targeted JAK-STAT therapies for various diseases, especially immune disorders, and cancers; newly developed JAK inhibitors; and current challenges and directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinfan Yao
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengyi Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Cai T, Lenoir Capello R, Pi X, Wu H, Chou JJ. Structural basis of γ -chain family receptor sharing at the membrane level. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.05.539662. [PMID: 37205582 PMCID: PMC10187304 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.05.539662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The common γ-chain (γc) family of cytokine receptors, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21 receptors, are activated upon engagement with the common γc receptor in ligand dependent manner. Sharing of γc by the IL receptors (ILRs) is thought to be achieved by concomitant binding of γc and ILR ectodomains to a cytokine. Here, we found that direct interactions between the transmembrane domain (TMD) of γc and those of the ILRs are also required for receptor activation, and remarkably, the same γc TMD can specifically recognize multiple ILR TMDs of diverse sequences. Heterodimer structures of γc TMD bound to the TMDs of IL-7R and IL-9R, determined in near lipid bilayer environment, reveal a conserved knob-into-hole mechanism of recognition that mediates receptor sharing within the membrane. Functional mutagenesis data indicate the requirement of the heterotypic interactions of TMDs in signaling, which could explain disease mutations within the receptor TMDs. One-Sentence Summary The transmembrane anchors of interleukin receptors of the gamma-chain family are critical for receptor sharing and activation.
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Siepe DH, Picton LK, Garcia KC. Receptor Elimination by E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Recruitment (REULR): A Targeted Protein Degradation Toolbox. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:1081-1093. [PMID: 37011906 PMCID: PMC10127277 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, targeted protein degradation (TPD) of plasma membrane proteins by hijacking the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) or the lysosomal pathway has emerged as a novel therapeutic avenue in drug development to address and inhibit canonically difficult targets. While TPD strategies have been successful in targeting cell surface receptors, these approaches are limited by the availability of suitable binders to generate heterobifunctional molecules. Here, we present the development of a nanobody (VHH)-based degradation toolbox termed REULR (Receptor Elimination by E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Recruitment). We generated human and mouse cross-reactive nanobodies against five transmembrane PA-TM-RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases (RNF128, RNF130, RNF167, RNF43, and ZNRF3), covering a broad range and selectivity of tissue expression, with which we characterized the expression in human and mouse cell lines and immune cells (PBMCs). We demonstrate that heterobifunctional REULR molecules can enforce transmembrane E3 ligase interactions with a variety of disease-relevant target receptors (EGFR, EPOR, and PD-1) by induced proximity, resulting in effective membrane clearance of the target receptor at varying levels. In addition, we designed E3 ligase self-degrading molecules, "fratricide" REULRs (RNF128, RNF130, RENF167, RNF43, and ZNRF3), that allow downregulation of one or several E3 ligases from the cell surface and consequently modulate receptor signaling strength. REULR molecules represent a VHH-based modular and versatile "mix and match" targeting strategy for the facile modulation of cell surface proteins by induced proximity to transmembrane PA-TM-RING E3 ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk H. Siepe
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lora K. Picton
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - K. Christopher Garcia
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Structural Biology, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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How J, Garcia JS, Mullally A. Biology and therapeutic targeting of molecular mechanisms in MPNs. Blood 2023; 141:1922-1933. [PMID: 36534936 PMCID: PMC10163317 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by activated Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling. As a result, JAK inhibitors have been the standard therapy for treatment of patients with myelofibrosis (MF). Although currently approved JAK inhibitors successfully ameliorate MPN-related symptoms, they are not known to substantially alter the MF disease course. Similarly, in essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera, treatments are primarily aimed at reducing the risk of cardiovascular and thromboembolic complications, with a watchful waiting approach often used in patients who are considered to be at a lower risk for thrombosis. However, better understanding of MPN biology has led to the development of rationally designed therapies, with the goal of not only addressing disease complications but also potentially modifying disease course. We review the most recent data elucidating mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and highlight emerging therapies that target MPN on several biologic levels, including JAK2-mutant MPN stem cells, JAK and non-JAK signaling pathways, mutant calreticulin, and the inflammatory bone marrow microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan How
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jacqueline S. Garcia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ann Mullally
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
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Sun S, Rodriguez G, Xie Y, Guo W, Hernandez AEL, Sanchez JE, Kirken RA, Li L. Phosphorylation of Tyrosine 841 Plays a Significant Role in JAK3 Activation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040981. [PMID: 37109511 PMCID: PMC10141632 DOI: 10.3390/life13040981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3) plays a key role in the development, proliferation, and differentiation of various immune cells. It regulates gene expression by phosphorylation of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcriptions (STATs) via the JAK/STAT pathway. Recently, we found a new JAK3 phosphorylation site, tyrosine 841 (Y841). The results showed that pY841 helps the kinase domain flip around the pseudo kinase domain, which may cause JAK3 conformational changes. It also reduces the size of the cleft between the N-lobe and the C-lobe of the JAK3 kinase domain. However, pY841 was found to enlarge the cleft when ATP/ADP was bound to the kinase. The increase in the cleft size suggested that pY841 enhanced the elasticity of the kinase domain. For unphosphorylated JAK3 (JAK3-Y841), the binding forces between the kinase domain and ATP or ADP were similar. After phosphorylation of Y841, JAK3-pY841 exhibited more salt bridges and hydrogen bonds between ATP and the kinase than between ADP and the kinase. Consequently, the electrostatic binding force between ATP and the kinase was higher than that between ADP and the kinase. The result was that compared to ADP, ATP was more attractive to JAK3 when Y841 was phosphorylated. Therefore, JAK3-pY841 tended to bind ATP rather than ADP. This work provides new insights into the role of phosphorylation in kinase activation and ATP hydrolysis and sheds light on the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate the kinase function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Sun
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Georgialina Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Yixin Xie
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computing and Software Engineering, Kennesaw State University, 1100 South Marietta Pkwy SE, Marietta, GA 30060, USA
| | - Wenhan Guo
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Alan E Lopez Hernandez
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Jason E Sanchez
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Robert Arthur Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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Grant AH, Rodriguez AC, Rodriguez Moncivais OJ, Sun S, Li L, Mohl JE, Leung MY, Kirken RA, Rodriguez G. JAK1 Pseudokinase V666G Mutant Dominantly Impairs JAK3 Phosphorylation and IL-2 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076805. [PMID: 37047778 PMCID: PMC10095075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Overactive Janus kinases (JAKs) are known to drive leukemia, making them well-suited targets for treatment. We sought to identify new JAK-activating mutations and instead found a JAK1-inactivating pseudokinase mutation, V666G. In contrast to other pseudokinase mutations that canonically lead to an active kinase, the JAK1 V666G mutation led to under-activation seen by reduced phosphorylation. To understand the functional role of JAK1 V666G in modifying kinase activity we investigated its influence on other JAK kinases and within the Interleukin-2 pathway. JAK1 V666G not only inhibited its own activity, but its presence could inhibit other JAK kinases. These findings provide new insights into the potential of JAK1 pseudokinase to modulate its own activity, as well as of other JAK kinases. Thus, the features of the JAK1 V666 region in modifying JAK kinases can be exploited to allosterically inhibit overactive JAKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice H. Grant
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Alejandro C. Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Omar J. Rodriguez Moncivais
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Shengjie Sun
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Jonathon E. Mohl
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Ming-Ying Leung
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Robert A. Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Georgialina Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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Desikan H, Kaur A, Pogozheva ID, Raghavan M. Effects of calreticulin mutations on cell transformation and immunity. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:1032-1044. [PMID: 36916035 PMCID: PMC10098294 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are cancers involving dysregulated production and function of myeloid lineage hematopoietic cells. Among MPNs, Essential thrombocythemia (ET), Polycythemia Vera (PV) and Myelofibrosis (MF), are driven by mutations that activate the JAK-STAT signalling pathway. Somatic mutations of calreticulin (CRT), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized lectin chaperone, are driver mutations in approximately 25% of ET and 35% of MF patients. The MPN-linked mutant CRT proteins have novel frameshifted carboxy-domain sequences and lack an ER retention motif, resulting in their secretion. Wild type CRT is a regulator of ER calcium homeostasis and plays a key role in the assembly of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, which are the ligands for antigen receptors of CD8+ T cells. Mutant CRT-linked oncogenesis results from the dysregulation of calcium signalling in cells and the formation of stable complexes of mutant CRT with myeloproliferative leukemia (MPL) protein, followed by downstream activation of the JAK-STAT signalling pathway. The intricate participation of CRT in ER protein folding, calcium homeostasis and immunity suggests the involvement of multiple mechanisms of mutant CRT-linked oncogenesis. In this review, we highlight recent findings related to the role of MPN-linked CRT mutations in the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, MPL activation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Desikan
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Irina D. Pogozheva
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryCollege of Pharmacy, University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Saxton RA, Caveney NA, Moya-Garzon MD, Householder KD, Rodriguez GE, Burdsall KA, Long JZ, Garcia KC. Structural insights into the mechanism of leptin receptor activation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1797. [PMID: 37002197 PMCID: PMC10066393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an adipocyte-derived protein hormone that promotes satiety and energy homeostasis by activating the leptin receptor (LepR)-STAT3 signaling axis in a subset of hypothalamic neurons. Leptin signaling is dysregulated in obesity, however, where appetite remains elevated despite high levels of circulating leptin. To gain insight into the mechanism of leptin receptor activation, here we determine the structure of a stabilized leptin-bound LepR signaling complex using single particle cryo-EM. The structure reveals an asymmetric architecture in which a single leptin induces LepR dimerization via two distinct receptor-binding sites. Analysis of the leptin-LepR binding interfaces reveals the molecular basis for human obesity-associated mutations. Structure-based design of leptin variants that destabilize the asymmetric LepR dimer yield both partial and biased agonists that partially suppress STAT3 activation in the presence of wild-type leptin and decouple activation of STAT3 from LepR negative regulators. Together, these results reveal the structural basis for LepR activation and provide insights into the differential plasticity of signaling pathways downstream of LepR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Saxton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Nathanael A Caveney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Maria Dolores Moya-Garzon
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karsten D Householder
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Grayson E Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kylie A Burdsall
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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