1
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Wilms G, Schofield K, Maddern S, Foley C, Shaw Y, Smith B, Basantes LE, Schwandt K, Babendreyer A, Chavez T, McKee N, Gokhale V, Kallabis S, Meissner F, Rokey SN, Dunckley T, Montfort WR, Becker W, Hulme C. Discovery and Functional Characterization of a Potent, Selective, and Metabolically Stable PROTAC of the Protein Kinases DYRK1A and DYRK1B. J Med Chem 2024; 67:17259-17289. [PMID: 39344427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Small-molecule-induced protein degradation has emerged as a promising pharmacological modality for inactivating disease-relevant protein kinases. DYRK1A and DYRK1B are closely related protein kinases that are involved in pathological processes such as neurodegeneration, cancer development, and adaptive immune homeostasis. Herein, we report the development of the first DYRK1 proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) that combine a new ATP-competitive DYRK1 inhibitor with ligands for the E3 ubiquitin ligase component cereblon (CRBN) to induce ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of DYRK1A and DYRK1B. The lead compound (DYR684) promoted fast, efficient, potent, and selective degradation of DYRK1A in cell-based assays. Interestingly, an enzymatically inactive splicing variant of DYRK1B (p65) resisted degradation. Compared to competitive kinase inhibition, targeted degradation of DYRK1 by DYR684 provided improved suppression of downstream signaling. Collectively, our results identify DYRKs as viable targets for PROTAC-mediated degradation and qualify DYR684 as a useful chemical probe for DYRK1A and DYRK1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Wilms
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kevin Schofield
- Division of Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Shayna Maddern
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Christopher Foley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Yeng Shaw
- Division of Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Breland Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - L Emilia Basantes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Katharina Schwandt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Aaron Babendreyer
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Timothy Chavez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Nicholas McKee
- Division of Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Vijay Gokhale
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Sebastian Kallabis
- Core Facility Translational Proteomics, Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Felix Meissner
- Department of Systems Immunology and Proteomics, Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Samantha N Rokey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Travis Dunckley
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - William R Montfort
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Walter Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christopher Hulme
- Division of Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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2
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Chen H, Gridnev A, Schlamowitz N, Hu W, Dey K, Zheng G, Misra JR. Targeted degradation of specific TEAD paralogs by small molecule degraders. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37829. [PMID: 39328531 PMCID: PMC11425103 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors, TEAD1-4 together with their co-activator YAP/TAZ function as key downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway. Hyperactivation of TEAD-YAP/TAZ activity is observed in many human cancers. TEAD1-4 possess distinct physiological and pathological functions, with conserved sequences and structures. Targeting specific isoforms within TEAD1-4 can serve as valuable chemical probes for investigating TEAD-related functions in both development and diseases. We report the TEAD-targeting proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), HC278, which achieves effective and specific targeting of TEAD1 and TEAD3 at low nanomolar doses while weakly degrading TEAD2 and TEAD4 at higher doses. Proteomic analysis of >6000 proteins confirmed their highly selective TEAD1 and TEAD3 degradation. Consistently, HC278 can suppress the proliferation of YAP-dependent NCI-H226 mesothelioma cells. Mechanistic exploration revealed that both CRBN and proteasome systems are involved in the TEAD degradation induced by HC278. Moreover, RNA-seq and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that the YAP signature genes such as CTGF, CYR61, and ANKRD1 are significantly downregulated by HC278 treatment. Overall, HC278 serves as a valuable chemical tool for unraveling the intricate biological roles of TEAD1 and TEAD3 and holds the potential as a lead compound for developing targeted therapy for TEAD1/3-driven pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Artem Gridnev
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, 11794, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Netanya Schlamowitz
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, 11794, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wanyi Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Kuntala Dey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jyoti R. Misra
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, 11794, USA
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3
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Winter GE. Extrapolating Lessons from Targeted Protein Degradation to Other Proximity-Inducing Drugs. ACS Chem Biol 2024. [PMID: 39264973 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is an emerging pharmacologic strategy. It relies on small-molecule "degraders" that induce proximity of a component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and a target protein to induce target ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Essentially, degraders thus expand the function of E3 ligases, allowing them to degrade proteins they would not recognize in the absence of the small molecule. Over the past decade, insights gained from identifying, designing, and characterizing various degraders have significantly enhanced our understanding of TPD mechanisms, precipitating in rational degrader discovery strategies. In this Account, I aim to explore how these insights can be extrapolated to anticipate both opportunities and challenges of utilizing the overarching concept of proximity-inducing pharmacology to manipulate other cellular circuits for the dissection of biological mechanisms and for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg E Winter
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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4
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Roeker LE. A fresh look at covalent BTK inhibitor resistance. Blood 2024; 144:1029-1031. [PMID: 39235796 PMCID: PMC11406165 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2024025237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
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5
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Skånland SS, Okkenhaug K, Davids MS. PI3K Inhibitors in Hematology: When One Door Closes…. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:3667-3675. [PMID: 38967552 PMCID: PMC11371526 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-24-0967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The PI3K signaling pathway regulates key cellular processes and is one of the most aberrantly activated pathways in cancer. The class I PI3K catalytic subunits p110γ and p110δ are highly enriched in leukocytes, providing an additional rationale for targeting these PI3Ks in hematologic malignancies. In 2014, the PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib was the first of four PI3K inhibitors (PI3Ki) to receive regulatory approval for relapsed B-cell malignancies. This was followed by approvals of the pan-class I inhibitor copanlisib (2017), the dual PI3Kγ/δ inhibitor duvelisib (2018), and the PI3Kδ and casein kinase 1ε inhibitor umbralisib (2021). Copanlisib and umbralisib received accelerated approvals, whereas idelalisib and duvelisib received initial accelerated approvals followed by full approvals. The accelerated approvals were based on overall response rates; however, follow-up studies showed increased risk of death and serious side effects. Furthermore, the confirmatory trial with copanlisib failed to show an improvement in progression-free survival when compared with chemoimmunotherapy. These developments led to black box warnings for idelalisib and duvelisib and withdrawal of copanlisib and umbralisib from the market by their manufacturers. Given the uncertain future of this drug class, additional manufacturers terminated ongoing phase III trials with novel PI3Kis. In this study, we review the development and current status of PI3Kis in hematology, limitations to their use, and our perspective on whether there is a future for PI3Kis in hematology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid S Skånland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew S Davids
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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6
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Li M. IKZF2 Degradation: It's Time to Take into Account it When Designing Cereblon-Based PROTACs. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400365. [PMID: 38802326 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) has become a very important means of protein degradation and a new way of disease treatment. In particular, PROTACs constructed with ligands for E3 ligase cereblon account for more than 90 % of the PROTACs currently in clinical research. Notably, CRBN ligands themselves are a class of molecular glue compounds capable of degrading neo-substrate proteins. Compared to the target proteins degradation, the degradation of neo-substrates, especially IKZF2, has not received enough attention. Therefore, this review summarizes the currently published IKZF2 degraders derived from articles and patents, which are conducive to the design of PROTACs with desired IKZF2 degradation from the perspective of medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Li
- Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medical, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medical, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
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7
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Jain N, Wierda WG, O'Brien S. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Lancet 2024; 404:694-706. [PMID: 39068951 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The last decade has seen remarkable progress in our understanding of disease biology of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and the development of novel targeted therapies. Randomised clinical trials have reported improved progression-free survival and overall survival with targeted therapies compared with chemoimmunotherapy, and thereby the role of chemoimmunotherapy in todays' era for treatment of CLL is limited. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, BCL2 inhibitors, and CD20 monoclonal antibodies have been established as appropriate therapy options for patients with CLL, both as the first-line treatment and in the treatment of relapsed or refractory CLL. Several ongoing phase 3 trials are exploring different combinations of targeted therapies, and the results of these trials might change the treatment framework in first-line treatment of CLL. Non-covalent BTK inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, and other therapeutic strategies are being investigated in relapsed CLL. Some of the therapies used in relapsed CLL, such as non-covalent BTK inhibitors, are now being pursued in earlier lines of therapy, including first-line treatment of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William G Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan O'Brien
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA.
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8
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Lin H, Riching K, Lai MP, Lu D, Cheng R, Qi X, Wang J. Lysineless HiBiT and NanoLuc Tagging Systems as Alternative Tools for Monitoring Targeted Protein Degradation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:1367-1375. [PMID: 39140070 PMCID: PMC11318018 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Target protein degradation (TPD) has emerged as a revolutionary approach in drug discovery, leveraging the cell's intrinsic machinery to selectively degrade disease-associated proteins. Nanoluciferase (nLuc) fusion proteins and the NanoBiT technology offer two robust and sensitive screening platforms to monitor the subtle changes in protein abundance induced by TPD molecules. Despite these advantages, concerns have arisen regarding potential degradation artifacts introduced by tagging systems due to the presence of lysine residues on them, prompting the development of alternative tools. In this study, we introduce HiBiT-RR and nLucK0, variants devoid of lysine residues, to mitigate such artifacts. Our findings demonstrate that HiBiT-RR maintains a similar sensitivity and binding affinity with the original HiBiT. Moreover, the comparison between nLucWT and nLucK0 constructs reveals variations in degradation patterns induced by certain TPD molecules, emphasizing the importance of choosing appropriate tagging systems to ensure the reliability of experimental outcomes in studying protein degradation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfeng Lin
- The
Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Center
for NextGen Therapeutics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United
States
| | - Kristin Riching
- Promega
Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - May Poh Lai
- Malvern
Panalytical Inc., 2400
Computer Drive, Westborough, Massachusetts 01581, United States
| | - Dong Lu
- The
Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Ran Cheng
- The
Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Center
for NextGen Therapeutics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United
States
| | - Xiaoli Qi
- The
Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Center
for NextGen Therapeutics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United
States
| | - Jin Wang
- The
Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Center
for NextGen Therapeutics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United
States
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9
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Zhu C, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Li Z, Li G, Yang B, Kang N, Wang J, Sun Y, Ding N, Rao Y, Liu W. PROTAC for Bruton's tyrosine kinase degradation alleviates inflammation in autoimmune diseases. Cell Discov 2024; 10:82. [PMID: 39107285 PMCID: PMC11303405 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgeng Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Clinical Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zimo Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgeng Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Guangchen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgeng Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgeng Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghui Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu Rao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wanli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgeng Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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10
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Cool A, Nong T, Montoya S, Taylor J. BTK inhibitors: past, present, and future. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:691-707. [PMID: 39025681 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment landscape for B cell lymphomas such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The first-in-class BTK inhibitor ibrutinib has recently been succeeded by covalent BTK inhibitors that are safer but still face challenges of resistance mutations. The noncovalent BTK inhibitor pirtobrutinib was recently approved for relapsed and refractory CLL, and whether noncovalent BTK inhibitors will supplant covalent BTK inhibitors as upfront treatment options either alone or in combination will be determined. Meanwhile, newer BTK inhibitors and BTK degraders are vying for their place in the potential future landscape of B cell cancers as well as autoimmune diseases. This review will cover the latest progress in BTK inhibitor development and where the field is moving in light of these recent discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Cool
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tiffany Nong
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Skye Montoya
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Justin Taylor
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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11
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Wong RL, Choi MY, Wang HY, Kipps TJ. Mutation in Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) A428D confers resistance To BTK-degrader therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2024; 38:1818-1821. [PMID: 39048721 PMCID: PMC11286506 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Targeting BTK has profoundly changed the face of CLL treatment over the past decade. Iterative advances in the cat and mouse game of resistance and redesign have moved BTK inhibitors from covalent to non-covalent and now targeted protein degraders. However, contrary to the presumption that protein degraders may be impervious to mutations in BTK, we now present clinical evidence that a mutation in the kinase domain of BTK, namely A428D, can confer disease resistance to a BTK degrader currently in clinical trials, that is BGB-16673. Modeling of a BTK A428D mutation places a negatively charged aspartic acid in place of the hydrophobic side chain of alanine within the binding pocket of another BTK-degrader in clinical development, namely NX-2127, suggesting that CLL cells with BTK A428D also may be resistant to NX-2127, as they already are known to be with either non-covalent or covalent inhibitors of BTK. Consequently, the two BTK degraders furthest advanced in clinical trials potentially may select for CLL cells with BTK A428D that are resistant to all approved BTKi's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Wong
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Y Choi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Huan-You Wang
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Kipps
- Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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12
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Sun Y, Liu X, He Q, Zhang N, Yan W, Lv X, Wang Y. Discovery of first-in-class PROTACs targeting maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) for the treatment of Burkitt lymphoma. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2351-2356. [PMID: 39026635 PMCID: PMC11253867 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00252k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is a novel target for the treatment of various kinds of B-cell malignancies. However, the toxicity of inhibitors of MELK has led to clinical failures in cancer treatments. Moreover, inactivation of MELK catalytic domain is insufficient for achieving cancer cell apoptosis. To further confirm the role of MELK in Burkitt lymphoma treatment, we describe herein a structure-guided design of PROTACs targeting MELK. Through design, computer-assisted optimization and SAR studies, we developed the first-in-class MELK-targeting PROTAC MGP-39, which promoted a rapid and potent degradation of MELK in RAMOS cells. Additionally, the newly designed MELK degrader induced significant cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. Notably, compared to MELK inhibitors, MGP-39 has better anti-cancer activity and lower toxicity, indicating the practical role of PROTACs in avoiding the side effects of traditional inhibitors. More importantly, our results show that the use of a PROTAC can be adopted as a general and effective strategy for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
| | - Qiyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
| | - Naizhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
| | - Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
| | - Xucheng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
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13
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Mehra S, Nicholls M, Taylor J. The Evolving Role of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in B Cell Lymphomas. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7516. [PMID: 39062757 PMCID: PMC11276629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase crucial for B cell development and function, acts downstream of the B cell receptor (BCR) in the BCR pathway. Other kinases involved downstream of the BCR besides BTK such as Syk, Lyn, PI3K, and Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases also play roles in relaying signals from the BCR to provide pro-survival, activation, and proliferation cues. BTK signaling is implicated in various B-cell lymphomas such as mantle cell lymphoma, Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, follicular lymphoma, and diffuse large B cell lymphoma, leading to the development of transformative treatments like ibrutinib, the first-in-class covalent BTK inhibitor, and pirtobrutinib, the first-in-class noncovalent BTK inhibitor. However, kinase-deficient mutations C481F, C481Y, C481R, and L528W in the BTK gene confer resistance to both covalent and non-covalent BTK inhibitors, facilitating B cell survival and lymphomagenesis despite kinase inactivation. Further studies have revealed BTK's non-catalytic scaffolding function, mediating the assembly and activation of proteins including Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK), and integrin-linked kinase (ILK). This non-enzymatic role promotes cell survival and proliferation independently of kinase activity. Understanding BTK's dual roles unveils opportunities for therapeutics targeting its scaffolding function, promising advancements in disrupting lymphomagenesis and refining B cell lymphoma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Mehra
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Miah Nicholls
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA;
| | - Justin Taylor
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
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14
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Nawaratne V, Sondhi AK, Abdel-Wahab O, Taylor J. New Means and Challenges in the Targeting of BTK. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:2333-2341. [PMID: 38578606 PMCID: PMC11147694 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is central to the survival of malignant and normal B lymphocytes and has been a crucial therapeutic target of several generations of kinase inhibitors and newly developed degraders. These new means for targeting BTK have added additional agents to the armamentarium for battling cancers dependent on B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other non-Hodgkin lymphomas. However, the development of acquired resistance mutations to each of these classes of BTK inhibitors has led to new challenges in targeting BTK as well as novel insights into BCR signaling. The first-generation covalent BTK inhibitor ibrutinib is susceptible to mutations affecting the covalent binding site, cysteine 481 (C481). Newer noncovalent BTK inhibitors, such as pirtobrutinib, overcome C481 mutation-mediated resistance but are susceptible to other kinase domain mutations, particularly at residues Threonine 474 and Leucine 528. In addition, these novel BTK inhibitor resistance mutations have been shown biochemically and in patients to cause cross-resistance to some covalent BTK inhibitors. Importantly, newer generation covalent BTK inhibitors zanubrutinib and acalabrutinib are susceptible to the same mutations that confer resistance to noncovalent inhibitors. The BTK L528W mutation is of particular interest as it disrupts the kinase activity of BTK, rendering it kinase dead. This observation suggests that BTK may act independently of its kinase activity as a scaffold. Thus, the timely development of BTK degrading proteolysis targeting drugs has allowed for degradation, rather than just enzymatic inhibition, of BTK in B-cell lymphomas, and early clinical trials to evaluate BTK degraders are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vindhya Nawaratne
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anya K. Sondhi
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin Taylor
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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15
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Li J, Gong C, Zhou H, Liu J, Xia X, Ha W, Jiang Y, Liu Q, Xiong H. Kinase Inhibitors and Kinase-Targeted Cancer Therapies: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5489. [PMID: 38791529 PMCID: PMC11122109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Over 120 small-molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) have been approved worldwide for treating various diseases, with nearly 70 FDA approvals specifically for cancer treatment, focusing on targets like the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. Kinase-targeted strategies encompass monoclonal antibodies and their derivatives, such as nanobodies and peptides, along with innovative approaches like the use of kinase degraders and protein kinase interaction inhibitors, which have recently demonstrated clinical progress and potential in overcoming resistance. Nevertheless, kinase-targeted strategies encounter significant hurdles, including drug resistance, which greatly impacts the clinical benefits for cancer patients, as well as concerning toxicity when combined with immunotherapy, which restricts the full utilization of current treatment modalities. Despite these challenges, the development of kinase inhibitors remains highly promising. The extensively studied tyrosine kinase family has 70% of its targets in various stages of development, while 30% of the kinase family remains inadequately explored. Computational technologies play a vital role in accelerating the development of novel kinase inhibitors and repurposing existing drugs. Recent FDA-approved SMKIs underscore the importance of blood-brain barrier permeability for long-term patient benefits. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent FDA-approved SMKIs based on their mechanisms of action and targets. We summarize the latest developments in potential new targets and explore emerging kinase inhibition strategies from a clinical perspective. Lastly, we outline current obstacles and future prospects in kinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huihua Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (J.L.)
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16
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Lin H, Riching K, Lai MP, Lu D, Cheng R, Qi X, Wang J. Lysineless HiBiT and NanoLuc Tagging Systems as Alternative Tools Monitoring Targeted Protein Degradation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.14.594249. [PMID: 38798562 PMCID: PMC11118299 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.594249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Target protein degradation (TPD) has emerged as a revolutionary approach in drug discovery, leveraging the cell's intrinsic machinery to selectively degrade disease-associated proteins. Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) exemplify this strategy, exploiting heterobifunctional molecules to induce ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins. The clinical advancement of PROTACs underscores their potential in therapeutic intervention, with numerous projects progressing through clinical stages. However, monitoring subtle changes in protein abundance induced by TPD molecules demands highly sensitive assays. Nano-luciferase (nLuc) fusion proteins, or the NanoBiT technology derived from it, offer a robust screening platform due to their high sensitivity and stability. Despite these advantages, concerns have arisen regarding potential degradation artifacts introduced by tagging systems due to the presence of lysine residues on them, prompting the development of alternative tools. In this study, we introduce HiBiT-RR and nLuc K0 , variants devoid of lysine residues, to mitigate such artifacts. Our findings demonstrate that HiBiT-RR maintains similar sensitivity and binding affinity with the original HiBiT. Moreover, the comparison between nLuc WT and nLuc K0 constructs reveals variations in degradation patterns induced by certain PROTAC molecules, emphasizing the importance of choosing appropriate tagging systems to ensure the reliability of experimental outcomes in studying protein degradation processes.
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17
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Wiśniewski K, Puła B. A Review of Resistance Mechanisms to Bruton's Kinase Inhibitors in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5246. [PMID: 38791284 PMCID: PMC11120758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitors have become one of the most vital drugs in the therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Inactivation of BTK disrupts the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling pathway, which leads to the inhibition of the proliferation and survival of CLL cells. BTK inhibitors (BTKi) are established as leading drugs in the treatment of both treatment-naïve (TN) and relapsed or refractory (R/R) CLL. Furthermore, BTKi demonstrate outstanding efficacy in high-risk CLL, including patients with chromosome 17p deletion, TP53 mutations, and unmutated status of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (IGHV) gene. Ibrutinib is the first-in-class BTKi which has changed the treatment landscape of CLL. Over the last few years, novel, covalent (acalabrutinib, zanubrutinib), and non-covalent (pirtobrutinib) BTKi have been approved for the treatment of CLL. Unfortunately, continuous therapy with BTKi contributes to the acquisition of secondary resistance leading to clinical relapse. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that the predominant mechanisms of resistance to BTKi are mutations in BTK or phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCG2). Some differences in the mechanisms of resistance to covalent BTKi have been identified despite their similar mechanism of action. Moreover, novel mutations resulting in resistance to non-covalent BTKi have been recently suggested. This article summarizes the clinical efficacy and the latest data regarding resistance to all of the registered BTKi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wiśniewski
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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18
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Huynh T, Rodriguez-Rodriguez S, Danilov AV. Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Degraders in B-Cell Malignancies. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:619-626. [PMID: 38693903 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiana Huynh
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
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19
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Rej RK, Allu SR, Roy J, Acharyya RK, Kiran INC, Addepalli Y, Dhamodharan V. Orally Bioavailable Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras: An Innovative Approach in the Golden Era of Discovering Small-Molecule Cancer Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:494. [PMID: 38675453 PMCID: PMC11054475 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are an emerging therapeutic modality that show promise to open a target space not accessible to conventional small molecules via a degradation-based mechanism. PROTAC degraders, due to their bifunctional nature, which is categorized as 'beyond the Rule of Five', have gained attention as a distinctive therapeutic approach for oral administration in clinical settings. However, the development of PROTACs with adequate oral bioavailability remains a significant hurdle, largely due to their large size and less than ideal physical and chemical properties. This review encapsulates the latest advancements in orally delivered PROTACs that have entered clinical evaluation as well as developments highlighted in recent scholarly articles. The insights and methodologies elaborated upon in this review could be instrumental in supporting the discovery and refinement of novel PROTAC degraders aimed at the treatment of various human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Kalyan Rej
- Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.R.A.); (R.K.A.)
| | - Srinivasa Rao Allu
- Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.R.A.); (R.K.A.)
| | - Joyeeta Roy
- Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Ranjan Kumar Acharyya
- Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.R.A.); (R.K.A.)
| | - I. N. Chaithanya Kiran
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Yesu Addepalli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - V. Dhamodharan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany;
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20
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Eichhorst B, Ten Hacken E. Special issue on chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Prognostication and therapeutic options introductory editorial. Semin Hematol 2024; 61:69-72. [PMID: 38599948 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Eichhorst
- Department for Internal Medicine and Center für Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Elisa Ten Hacken
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.
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21
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Patton JT, Woyach JA. Targeting the B cell receptor signaling pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Semin Hematol 2024; 61:100-108. [PMID: 38749798 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant signal transduction through the B cell receptor (BCR) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). BCR-dependent signaling is necessary for the growth and survival of neoplastic cells, making inhibition of down-stream pathways a logical therapeutic strategy. Indeed, selective inhibitors against Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) have been shown to induce high rates of response in CLL and other B cell lymphomas. In particular, the development of BTK inhibitors revolutionized the treatment approach to CLL, demonstrating long-term efficacy. While BTK inhibitors are widely used for multiple lines of treatment, PI3K inhibitors are much less commonly utilized, mainly due to toxicities. CLL remains an incurable disease and effective treatment options after relapse or development of TKI resistance are greatly needed. This review provides an overview of BCR signaling, a summary of the current therapeutic landscape, and a discussion of the ongoing trials targeting BCR-associated kinases.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/metabolism
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Patton
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jennifer A Woyach
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
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22
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Bouvier C, Lawrence R, Cavallo F, Xolalpa W, Jordan A, Hjerpe R, Rodriguez MS. Breaking Bad Proteins-Discovery Approaches and the Road to Clinic for Degraders. Cells 2024; 13:578. [PMID: 38607017 PMCID: PMC11011670 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) describe compounds that bind to and induce degradation of a target by simultaneously binding to a ubiquitin ligase. More generally referred to as bifunctional degraders, PROTACs have led the way in the field of targeted protein degradation (TPD), with several compounds currently undergoing clinical testing. Alongside bifunctional degraders, single-moiety compounds, or molecular glue degraders (MGDs), are increasingly being considered as a viable approach for development of therapeutics, driven by advances in rational discovery approaches. This review focuses on drug discovery with respect to bifunctional and molecular glue degraders within the ubiquitin proteasome system, including analysis of mechanistic concepts and discovery approaches, with an overview of current clinical and pre-clinical degrader status in oncology, neurodegenerative and inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Bouvier
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination LCC-UPR 8241-CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France; (C.B.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Rachel Lawrence
- Sygnature Discovery, Bio City, Pennyfoot St., Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK (F.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Francesca Cavallo
- Sygnature Discovery, Bio City, Pennyfoot St., Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK (F.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Wendy Xolalpa
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Allan Jordan
- Sygnature Discovery, Bio City, Pennyfoot St., Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK (F.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Roland Hjerpe
- Sygnature Discovery, Bio City, Pennyfoot St., Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK (F.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Manuel S. Rodriguez
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination LCC-UPR 8241-CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France; (C.B.); (M.S.R.)
- Pharmadev, UMR 152, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UT3, 31400 Toulouse, France
- B Molecular, Centre Pierre Potier, Canceropôle, 31106 Toulouse, France
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23
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Villanueva MT. BTK degraders tackle drug resistance. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:173. [PMID: 38336888 DOI: 10.1038/d41573-024-00027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
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24
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Robbins DW, Noviski MA, Tan YS, Konst ZA, Kelly A, Auger P, Brathaban N, Cass R, Chan ML, Cherala G, Clifton MC, Gajewski S, Ingallinera TG, Karr D, Kato D, Ma J, McKinnell J, McIntosh J, Mihalic J, Murphy B, Panga JR, Peng G, Powers J, Perez L, Rountree R, Tenn-McClellan A, Sands AT, Weiss DR, Wu J, Ye J, Guiducci C, Hansen G, Cohen F. Discovery and Preclinical Pharmacology of NX-2127, an Orally Bioavailable Degrader of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase with Immunomodulatory Activity for the Treatment of Patients with B Cell Malignancies. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2321-2336. [PMID: 38300987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a member of the TEC family of kinases, is an essential effector of B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Chronic activation of BTK-mediated BCR signaling is a hallmark of many hematological malignancies, which makes it an attractive therapeutic target. Pharmacological inhibition of BTK enzymatic function is now a well-proven strategy for the treatment of patients with these malignancies. We report the discovery and characterization of NX-2127, a BTK degrader with concomitant immunomodulatory activity. By design, NX-2127 mediates the degradation of transcription factors IKZF1 and IKZF3 through molecular glue interactions with the cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. NX-2127 degrades common BTK resistance mutants, including BTKC481S. NX-2127 is orally bioavailable, exhibits in vivo degradation across species, and demonstrates efficacy in preclinical oncology models. NX-2127 has advanced into first-in-human clinical trials and achieves deep and sustained degradation of BTK following daily oral dosing at 100 mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Robbins
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Mark A Noviski
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Ying Siow Tan
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Zef A Konst
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Aileen Kelly
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Paul Auger
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Nivetha Brathaban
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Robert Cass
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Ming Liang Chan
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Ganesh Cherala
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Matthew C Clifton
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Stefan Gajewski
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Timothy G Ingallinera
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Dane Karr
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Daisuke Kato
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jun Ma
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jenny McKinnell
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Joel McIntosh
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jeff Mihalic
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Brent Murphy
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jaipal Reddy Panga
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Ge Peng
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Janine Powers
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Luz Perez
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Ryan Rountree
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Austin Tenn-McClellan
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Arthur T Sands
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Dahlia R Weiss
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jeffrey Wu
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jordan Ye
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Cristiana Guiducci
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Gwenn Hansen
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Frederick Cohen
- Nurix Therapeutics, Inc., 1700 Owens St., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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25
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Davis RE, Westin JR. Degradation trumps mutations in cancer. Science 2024; 383:480-481. [PMID: 38301021 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn4945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Redirecting targeted proteins for degradation can overcome acquired drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Eric Davis
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason R Westin
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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