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Verhasselt V, Marchant A, Kollmann TR. Per Os to Protection - Targeting the Oral Route to Enhance Immune-mediated Protection from Disease of the Human Newborn. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168718. [PMID: 39094783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Verhasselt
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Centre for Immunology and Breastfeeding, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Immunology and Breastfeeding Team, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tobias R Kollmann
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Canada.
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2
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Cerovic V, Pabst O, Mowat AM. The renaissance of oral tolerance: merging tradition and new insights. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01077-7. [PMID: 39242920 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Oral tolerance is the process by which feeding of soluble proteins induces antigen-specific systemic immune unresponsiveness. Oral tolerance is thought to have a central role in suppressing immune responses to 'harmless' food antigens, and its failure can lead to development of pathologies such as food allergies or coeliac disease. However, on the basis of long-standing experimental observations, the relevance of oral tolerance in human health has achieved new prominence recently following the discovery that oral administration of peanut proteins prevents the development of peanut allergy in at-risk human infants. In this Review, we summarize the new mechanistic insights into three key processes necessary for the induction of tolerance to oral antigens: antigen uptake and transport across the small intestinal epithelial barrier to the underlying immune cells; the processing, transport and presentation of fed antigen by different populations of antigen-presenting cells; and the development of immunosuppressive T cell populations that mediate antigen-specific tolerance. In addition, we consider how related but distinct processes maintain tolerance to bacterial antigens in the large intestine. Finally, we outline the molecular mechanisms and functional consequences of failure of oral tolerance and how these may be modulated to enhance clinical outcomes and prevent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Cerovic
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Allan McI Mowat
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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3
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Miranda-Waldetario MCG, Curotto de Lafaille MA. Oral tolerance to dietary antigens and Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39054615 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Immune tolerance to foods develops in the intestine upon food ingestion and is essential to prevent IgE-mediated food allergy and gut inflammation. In homeostasis, the intestine is a tolerogenic environment that favors the formation of food-specific Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. A tolerogenic intestinal environment depends on colonization by diverse microbiota and exposure to solid foods at a critical period in early life. These early immune responses lead to the induction of antigen-specific Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in draining mesenteric lymph nodes. These peripherally induced regulatory cells circulate and seed the lamina propria of the gut, exerting suppressive function systemically and locally in the intestine. Successful establishment of a tolerogenic intestinal environment in early life sets the stage for oral tolerance to new antigens in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C G Miranda-Waldetario
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria A Curotto de Lafaille
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Pirker AL, Vogl T. Development of systemic and mucosal immune responses against gut microbiota in early life and implications for the onset of allergies. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2024; 5:1439303. [PMID: 39086886 PMCID: PMC11288972 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1439303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The early microbial colonization of human mucosal surfaces is essential for the development of the host immune system. Already during pregnancy, the unborn child is prepared for the postnatal influx of commensals and pathogens via maternal antibodies, and after birth this protection is continued with antibodies in breast milk. During this critical window of time, which extends from pregnancy to the first year of life, each encounter with a microorganism can influence children's immune response and can have a lifelong impact on their life. For example, there are numerous links between the development of allergies and an altered gut microbiome. However, the exact mechanisms behind microbial influences, also extending to how viruses influence host-microbe interactions, are incompletely understood. In this review, we address the impact of infants' first microbial encounters, how the immune system develops to interact with gut microbiota, and summarize how an altered immune response could be implied in allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Das A, Fleming P. Evaluating probiotic mechanisms may help inform optimum strain selection for use in clinical trials. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03395-x. [PMID: 39014243 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Das
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paul Fleming
- Department of Neonatology, Homerton Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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6
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Beteri B, Barone M, Turroni S, Brigidi P, Tzortzis G, Vulevic J, Sekulic K, Motei DE, Costabile A. Impact of Combined Prebiotic Galacto-Oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium breve-Derived Postbiotic on Gut Microbiota and HbA1c in Prediabetic Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2205. [PMID: 39064648 PMCID: PMC11280236 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex interactions between intestinal microbiota and metabolic disorders are well-documented, with implications for glucose metabolism, energy expenditure, and intestinal permeability. Prebiotics induce beneficial changes in gut microbiota composition in prediabetes, while postbiotics can enhance gut barrier function, complementing each other to improve glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. This study investigated the effects of a 12-week dietary fibre (DF) supplement on gut health, metabolic function, and diet. The supplement contained konjac glucomannan (KGM), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs), and exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from Bifidobacterium breve. In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial, 53 prediabetic volunteers were randomly assigned to either a daily DF supplement (YMETA) or a placebo (cellulose microcrystalline) for 12 weeks, followed by a 4-week follow-up. Measurements included gut microbiota composition, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), plasma lipids, anthropometry, body composition, blood pressure, and dietary intake. The intervention group showed a significant increase in alpha diversity and butyrate-producing bacteria, with reductions in HbA1c and FPG levels below prediabetes thresholds. No significant changes were observed in the placebo group. This study suggests that manipulating the human gut microbiome through dietary interventions could be a promising therapeutic approach to managing prediabetes and preventing or delaying diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyda Beteri
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK; (B.B.); (D.-E.M.)
| | - Monica Barone
- Human Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Human Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (P.B.)
| | - George Tzortzis
- veMico Ltd., Amelia House, Crescent Road, Worthing BN11 1RL, UK; (G.T.); (J.V.)
| | - Jelena Vulevic
- veMico Ltd., Amelia House, Crescent Road, Worthing BN11 1RL, UK; (G.T.); (J.V.)
| | - Karol Sekulic
- Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T5J 3E4, Canada;
| | - Diana-Elena Motei
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK; (B.B.); (D.-E.M.)
| | - Adele Costabile
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK; (B.B.); (D.-E.M.)
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Teshigahara A, Banba Y, Yoshida H, Kaji M, Zhou Z, Koyama N, Sakai Y, Karrow NA, Ogasawara K, Hirakawa R, Islam J, Furukawa M, Nochi T. Formation of the junctions between lymph follicles in the Peyer's patches even before postweaning activation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15783. [PMID: 38982122 PMCID: PMC11233632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65984-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Peyer's patches (PPs), which contain an abundance of B and T cells, play a key role in inducing pivotal immune responses in the intestinal tract. PPs are defined as aggregated lymph follicles, which consist of multiple lymph follicles (LFs) that may interact with each other in a synergistic manner. LFs are thought to be spherical in shape; however, the characteristics of their structure are not fully understood. To elucidate changes in the structure of PPs as individuals grow, we generated serial 2D sections from entire PPs harvested from mice at 2, 4, and 10 weeks of age and performed a 3D analysis using a software, Amira. Although the number of LFs in PPs was not changed throughout the experiment, the volume and surface area of LFs increased significantly, indicating that LFs in PPs develop continuously by recruiting immune cells, even after weaning. In response to the dramatic changes in the intestinal environment after weaning, the development of germinal centers (GCs) in LFs was observed at 4 and 10 weeks (but not 2 weeks) of age. In addition, GCs gradually began to form away from the center of LFs and close to the muscle layer where export lymphatic vessels develop. Importantly, each LF was joined to the adjacent LF; this feature was observed even in preweaning nonactivated PPs. These results suggest that PPs may have a unique organization and structure that enhance immune functions, allowing cells in LFs to have free access to adjacent LFs and egress smoothly from PPs to the periphery upon stimulation after weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anri Teshigahara
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yuri Banba
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yoshida
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mitsuji Kaji
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Zhou Zhou
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Nao Koyama
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Sakai
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Niel A Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kouetsu Ogasawara
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryota Hirakawa
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Jahidul Islam
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Furukawa
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nochi
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan.
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan.
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
- Laboratory of Animal Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan.
- Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
- Center for Professional Development, Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8576, Japan.
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8
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Johansson Å, Subramani MV, Yilmaz B, Nyström E, Layunta E, Arike L, Sommer F, Rosenstiel P, Vereecke L, Holm LM, Wullaert A, Pelaseyed T, Johansson MEV, Birchenough GMH. Neonatal microbiota colonization drives maturation of primary and secondary goblet cell mediated protection in the pre-weaning colon. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.03.601781. [PMID: 39005291 PMCID: PMC11245021 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.03.601781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
In the distal colon, mucus secreting goblet cells primarily confer protection from luminal microorganisms via generation of a sterile inner mucus layer barrier structure. Bacteria-sensing sentinel goblet cells provide a secondary defensive mechanism that orchestrates mucus secretion in response to microbes that breach the mucus barrier. Previous reports have identified mucus barrier deficiencies in adult germ-free mice, thus implicating a fundamental role for the microbiota in programming mucus barrier generation. In this study, we have investigated the natural neonatal development of the mucus barrier and sentinel goblet cell-dependent secretory responses upon postnatal colonization. Combined in vivo and ex vivo analyses of pre- and post-weaning colonic mucus barrier and sentinel goblet cell maturation demonstrated a sequential microbiota-dependent development of these primary and secondary goblet cell-intrinsic protective functions, with dynamic changes in mucus processing dependent on innate immune signalling via MyD88, and development of functional sentinel goblet cells dependent on the NADPH/Dual oxidase family member Duox2. Our findings therefore identify new mechanisms of microbiota-goblet cell regulatory interaction and highlight the critical importance of the pre-weaning period for the normal development of colonic barrier function.
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Wang H, Qiu J, Zhou M, Luo Y, Li X, Wang M. Monobutyrin Can Regulate the Gut Microbiota, Which Is Beneficial for the Development of Intestinal Barrier Function and Intestinal Health in Weaned Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:2052. [PMID: 38999800 PMCID: PMC11243092 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of monobutyrin (MB) on the gut microbiota and intestinal health of weaned mice. MB was administered via gavage to 21-day-old weaned mice. Samples of small intestinal and ileal contents were collected on day 1, day 7, and day 21 post-administration. Seven days of MB administration enhanced the mucin layer and morphological structure of the intestine and the integrity of the intestinal brush border. Both MB and sodium butyrate (SB) accelerated tight junction development. Compared to SB, MB modulated intestinal T cells in a distinct manner. MB increased the ratio of Treg cells in the small intestine upon the cessation of weaning. After 21 days of MB administration, enhancement of the villus structure of the ileum was observed. MB increased the proportion of Th17 cells in the ileum. MB facilitated the transition of the small intestinal microbiota toward an adult microbial community structure and enhanced the complexity of the microbial community structure. An increase in Th17 cells enhanced intestinal barrier function. The regulatory effect of MB on Th17 cells may occur through the intestinal microbiota. Therefore, MB can potentially be used to promote intestinal barrier function, especially for weaning animals, with promising application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ji Qiu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Minyao Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanqiu Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Minqi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Sugino KY, Janssen RC, McMahan RH, Zimmerman C, Friedman JE, Jonscher KR. Vertical Transfer of Maternal Gut Microbes to Offspring of Western Diet-Fed Dams Drives Reduced Levels of Tryptophan Metabolites and Postnatal Innate Immune Response. Nutrients 2024; 16:1808. [PMID: 38931163 PMCID: PMC11206590 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity and/or Western diet (WD) is associated with an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in offspring, driven, in part, by the dysregulation of the early life microbiome. Here, using a mouse model of WD-induced maternal obesity, we demonstrate that exposure to a disordered microbiome from WD-fed dams suppressed circulating levels of endogenous ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR; indole, indole-3-acetate) and TMAO (a product of AHR-mediated transcription), as well as hepatic expression of Il10 (an AHR target), in offspring at 3 weeks of age. This signature was recapitulated by fecal microbial transfer from WD-fed pregnant dams to chow-fed germ-free (GF) lactating dams following parturition and was associated with a reduced abundance of Lactobacillus in GF offspring. Further, the expression of Il10 was downregulated in liver myeloid cells and in LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) in adult offspring, suggestive of a hypo-responsive, or tolerant, innate immune response. BMDMs from adult mice lacking AHR in macrophages exhibited a similar tolerogenic response, including diminished expression of Il10. Overall, our study shows that exposure to maternal WD alters microbial metabolites in the offspring that affect AHR signaling, potentially contributing to innate immune hypo-responsiveness and progression of MASLD, highlighting the impact of early life gut dysbiosis on offspring metabolism. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the complex interplay between maternal diet, gut microbial function, and the development of neonatal innate immune tolerance and potential therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameron Y. Sugino
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.Y.S.); (R.C.J.); (J.E.F.)
| | - Rachel C. Janssen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.Y.S.); (R.C.J.); (J.E.F.)
| | - Rachel H. McMahan
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Chelsea Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Jacob E. Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.Y.S.); (R.C.J.); (J.E.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Karen R. Jonscher
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.Y.S.); (R.C.J.); (J.E.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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11
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Ignacio A, Czyz S, McCoy KD. Early life microbiome influences on development of the mucosal innate immune system. Semin Immunol 2024; 73:101885. [PMID: 38788491 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2024.101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is well known to possess immunomodulatory capacities, influencing a multitude of cellular signalling pathways to maintain host homeostasis. Although the formation of the immune system initiates before birth in a sterile environment, an emerging body of literature indicates that the neonatal immune system is influenced by a first wave of external stimuli that includes signals from the maternal microbiota. A second wave of stimulus begins after birth and must be tightly regulated during the neonatal period when colonization of the host occurs concomitantly with the maturation of the immune system, requiring a fine adjustment between establishing tolerance towards the commensal microbiota and preserving inflammatory responses against pathogenic invaders. Besides integrating cues from commensal microbes, the neonatal immune system must also regulate responses triggered by other environmental signals, such as dietary antigens, which become more complex with the introduction of solid food during the weaning period. This "window of opportunity" in early life is thought to be crucial for the proper development of the immune system, setting the tone of subsequent immune responses in adulthood and modulating the risk of developing chronic and metabolic inflammatory diseases. Here we review the importance of host-microbiota interactions for the development and maturation of the immune system, particularly in the early-life period, highlighting the known mechanisms involved in such communication. This discussion is focused on recent data demonstrating microbiota-mediated education of innate immune cells and its role in the development of lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ignacio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sonia Czyz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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12
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Montenegro C, Perdomo-Celis F, Franco MA. Update on Early-Life T Cells: Impact on Oral Rotavirus Vaccines. Viruses 2024; 16:818. [PMID: 38932111 PMCID: PMC11209100 DOI: 10.3390/v16060818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus infection continues to be a significant public health problem in developing countries, despite the availability of several vaccines. The efficacy of oral rotavirus vaccines in young children may be affected by significant immunological differences between individuals in early life and adults. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of early-life systemic and mucosal immune responses and the factors that affect them is essential to improve the current rotavirus vaccines and develop the next generation of mucosal vaccines. This review focuses on the advances in T-cell development during early life in mice and humans, discussing how immune homeostasis and response to pathogens is established in this period compared to adults. Finally, the review explores how this knowledge of early-life T-cell immunity could be utilized to enhance current and novel rotavirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuel A. Franco
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110221, Colombia; (C.M.); (F.P.-C.)
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13
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Bai T, Wang Z, Shao H, Zhang X, Lorenz A, Meng X, Wu Y, Chen H, Li X. Novel Perspective on the Regulation of Offspring Food Allergy by Maternal Diet and Nutrients. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10679-10691. [PMID: 38695770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
There has been a dramatic surge in the prevalence of food allergy (FA) that cannot be explained solely by genetics, identifying mechanisms of sensitization that are driven by environmental factors has become increasingly important. Diet, gut microbiota, and their metabolites have been shown to play an important role in the development of FA. In this review, we discuss the latest epidemiological evidence on the impact of two major dietary patterns and key nutrients in early life on the risk of offspring developing FA. The Western diet typically includes high sugar and high fat, which may affect the immune system of offspring and increase susceptibility to FA. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet is rich in fiber, which may reduce the risk of FA in offspring. Furthermore, we explore the potential mechanisms by which maternal dietary nutrients during a window of opportunity (pregnancy, birth, and lactation) influences the susceptibility of offspring to FA through multi-interface crosstalk. Finally, we discuss the limitations and gaps in the available evidence regarding the relationship between maternal dietary nutrients and the risk of FA in offspring. This review provides novel perspective on the regulation of offspring FA by maternal diet and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Huming Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Agla Lorenz
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Xuanyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Yong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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14
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Llorente C. The Imperative for Innovative Enteric Nervous System-Intestinal Organoid Co-Culture Models: Transforming GI Disease Modeling and Treatment. Cells 2024; 13:820. [PMID: 38786042 PMCID: PMC11119846 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the need for innovative co-culture systems integrating the enteric nervous system (ENS) with intestinal organoids. The breakthroughs achieved through these techniques will pave the way for a transformative era in gastrointestinal (GI) disease modeling and treatment strategies. This review serves as an introduction to the companion protocol paper featured in this journal. The protocol outlines the isolation and co-culture of myenteric and submucosal neurons with small intestinal organoids. This review provides an overview of the intestinal organoid culture field to establish a solid foundation for effective protocol application. Remarkably, the ENS surpasses the number of neurons in the spinal cord. Referred to as the "second brain", the ENS orchestrates pivotal roles in GI functions, including motility, blood flow, and secretion. The ENS is organized into myenteric and submucosal plexuses. These plexuses house diverse subtypes of neurons. Due to its proximity to the gut musculature and its cell type complexity, there are methodological intricacies in studying the ENS. Diverse approaches such as primary cell cultures, three-dimensional (3D) neurospheres, and induced ENS cells offer diverse insights into the multifaceted functionality of the ENS. The ENS exhibits dynamic interactions with the intestinal epithelium, the muscle layer, and the immune system, influencing epithelial physiology, motility, immune responses, and the microbiome. Neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine (ACh), serotonin (5-HT), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), play pivotal roles in these intricate interactions. Understanding these dynamics is imperative, as the ENS is implicated in various diseases, ranging from neuropathies to GI disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The emergence of organoid technology presents an unprecedented opportunity to study ENS interactions within the complex milieu of the small and large intestines. This manuscript underscores the urgent need for standardized protocols and advanced techniques to unravel the complexities of the ENS and its dynamic relationship with the gut ecosystem. The insights gleaned from such endeavors hold the potential to revolutionize GI disease modeling and treatment paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Llorente
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, MC0063, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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15
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Paucar Iza YA, Brown CC. Early life imprinting of intestinal immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:303-315. [PMID: 38501766 PMCID: PMC11102293 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Besides its canonical role in protecting the host from pathogens, the immune system plays an arguably equally important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Within barrier tissues that interface with the external microenvironment, induction of immune tolerance to innocuous antigens, such as commensal, dietary, and environmental antigens, is key to establishing immune homeostasis. The early postnatal period represents a critical window of opportunity in which parallel development of the tissue, immune cells, and microbiota allows for reciprocal regulation that shapes the long-term immunological tone of the tissue and subsequent risk of immune-mediated diseases. During early infancy, the immune system appears to sacrifice pro-inflammatory functions, prioritizing the establishment of tissue tolerance. In this review, we discuss mechanisms underlying early life windows for intestinal tolerance with a focus on newly identified RORγt+ antigen-presenting cells-Thetis cells-and highlight the role of the intestinal microenvironment in shaping intestinal immune system development and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoselin A. Paucar Iza
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, USA
- Immuno-Oncology, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chrysothemis C. Brown
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, USA
- Immuno-Oncology, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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16
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Alaba TE, Holman JM, Ishaq SL, Li Y. Current Knowledge on the Preparation and Benefits of Cruciferous Vegetables as Relates to In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102160. [PMID: 38779039 PMCID: PMC11108850 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic condition with a significant economic and social burden. The disease is complex and challenging to treat because it involves several pathologies, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, dysbiosis, and intestinal damage. The search for an effective treatment has identified cruciferous vegetables and their phytochemicals as potential management options for inflammatory bowel disease because they contain prebiotics, probiotics, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant metabolites essential for a healthy gut. This critical narrative style review provides a robust insight into the pharmacological effects and benefits of crucifers and their documented bioactive compounds in in vitro and in vivo models, as well as clinical inflammatory bowel disease. The review highlights the significant impact of crucifer preparation and the presence of glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, flavonoids, and polyphenolic compounds, which are essential for the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative benefits of cruciferous vegetables, as well as their ability to promote the healthy microbial community and maintain the intestinal barrier. This review may serve as a viable nutritional guide for future research on methods and features essential to developing experiments, preventions, and treatments for inflammatory bowel disease. There is limited clinical information and future research may utilize current innovative tools, such as metabolomics, for adequate knowledge and effective translation into clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolu E Alaba
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Johanna M Holman
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Suzanne L Ishaq
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, Johnson City, NY, United States
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17
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Díez-Sánchez A, Lindholm HT, Vornewald PM, Ostrop J, Yao R, Single AB, Marstad A, Parmar N, Shaw TN, Martín-Alonso M, Oudhoff MJ. LSD1 drives intestinal epithelial maturation and controls small intestinal immune cell composition independent of microbiota in a murine model. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3412. [PMID: 38649356 PMCID: PMC11035651 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Postnatal development of the gastrointestinal tract involves the establishment of the commensal microbiota, the acquisition of immune tolerance via a balanced immune cell composition, and maturation of the intestinal epithelium. While studies have uncovered an interplay between the first two, less is known about the role of the maturing epithelium. Here we show that intestinal-epithelial intrinsic expression of lysine-specific demethylase 1A (LSD1) is necessary for the postnatal maturation of intestinal epithelium and maintenance of this developed state during adulthood. Using microbiota-depleted mice, we find plasma cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), and a specific myeloid population to depend on LSD1-controlled epithelial maturation. We propose that LSD1 controls the expression of epithelial-derived chemokines, such as Cxcl16, and that this is a mode of action for this epithelial-immune cell interplay in local ILC2s but not ILC3s. Together, our findings suggest that the maturing epithelium plays a dominant role in regulating the local immune cell composition, thereby contributing to gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Díez-Sánchez
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Håvard T Lindholm
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pia M Vornewald
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jenny Ostrop
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rouan Yao
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andrew B Single
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Marstad
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Naveen Parmar
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tovah N Shaw
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mara Martín-Alonso
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Menno J Oudhoff
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, ON, Canada.
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18
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Gurung M, Schlegel BT, Rajasundaram D, Fox R, Bode L, Yao T, Lindemann SR, LeRoith T, Read QD, Simecka C, Carroll L, Andres A, Yeruva L. Microbiota from human infants consuming secretors or non-secretors mothers' milk impacts the gut and immune system in mice. mSystems 2024; 9:e0029424. [PMID: 38530054 PMCID: PMC11019842 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00294-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal secretor status is one of the determinants of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) composition, which, in turn, influences the gut microbiota composition of infants. To understand if this change in gut microbiota impacts immune cell composition, intestinal morphology, and gene expression, 21-day-old germ-free C57BL/6 mice were transplanted with fecal microbiota from infants whose mothers were either secretors (SMM) or non-secretors (NSM) or from infants consuming dairy-based formula (MFM). For each group, one set of mice was supplemented with HMOs. HMO supplementation did not significantly impact the microbiota diversity; however, SMM mice had a higher abundance of genus Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Blautia, whereas, in the NSM group, there was a higher abundance of Akkermansia, Enterocloster, and Klebsiella. In MFM, gut microbiota was represented mainly by Parabacteroides, Ruminococcaceae_unclassified, and Clostrodium_sensu_stricto. In mesenteric lymph node, Foxp3+ T cells and innate lymphoid cells type 2 were increased in MFM mice supplemented with HMOs, while in the spleen, they were increased in SMM + HMOs mice. Similarly, serum immunoglobulin A was also elevated in MFM + HMOs group. Distinct global gene expression of the gut was observed in each microbiota group, which was enhanced with HMOs supplementation. Overall, our data show that distinct infant gut microbiota due to maternal secretor status or consumption of dairy-based formula and HMO supplementation impacts immune cell composition, antibody response, and intestinal gene expression in a mouse model. IMPORTANCE Early life factors like neonatal diet modulate gut microbiota, which is important for the optimal gut and immune function. One such factor, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the composition of which is determined by maternal secretor status, has a profound effect on infant gut microbiota. However, how the infant gut microbiota composition determined by maternal secretor status or consumption of infant formula devoid of HMOs impacts infant intestinal ammorphology, gene expression, and immune signature is not well explored. This study provides insights into the differential establishment of infant microbiota derived from infants fed by secretor or non-secretor mothers milk or those consuming infant formula and demonstrates that the secretor status of mothers promotes Bifidobacteria and Bacteroides sps. establishment. This study also shows that supplementation of pooled HMOs in mice changed immune cell composition in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes and immunoglobulins in circulation. Hence, this study highlights that maternal secretor status has a role in infant gut microbiota composition, and this, in turn, can impact host gut and immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Gurung
- Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit (MMRU), USDA-ARS, SEA, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Brent Thomas Schlegel
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Renee Fox
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Lars Bode
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tianming Yao
- Department of Food Science, Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Stephen R. Lindemann
- Department of Food Science, Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Christy Simecka
- Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Laura Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit (MMRU), USDA-ARS, SEA, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit (MMRU), USDA-ARS, SEA, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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19
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Serrano Matos YA, Cano J, Shafiq H, Williams C, Sunny J, Cowardin CA. Colonization during a key developmental window reveals microbiota-dependent shifts in growth and immunity during undernutrition. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:71. [PMID: 38589975 PMCID: PMC11003143 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood undernutrition is a major global health challenge with devastating lifelong consequences. Linear growth stunting due to undernutrition has been linked to poor health outcomes, and mothers who experience growth stunting in childhood are more likely to give birth to stunted children later in life. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that intergenerational colonization of mice with microbiota from human donors with undernutrition may recapitulate certain immune and growth changes observed in this disorder. RESULTS To test this hypothesis, we developed a gnotobiotic murine model of undernutrition using microbiota from human infants with healthy or stunted growth trajectories. Intergenerational colonization with microbiota derived from children with growth stunting lead to less linear growth and the development of immune features of undernutrition and enteropathy, including intestinal villus blunting, lower liver IGF-1 and accumulation of intraepithelial lymphocytes and plasma cells in the small intestine. In contrast, colonization after weaning lead to fewer host phenotypic changes between these distinct microbial communities. CONCLUSIONS These results are broadly consistent with previous findings demonstrating that exposure of the immune system to microbial products during the weaning phase is a critical determinant of later life immune function. Overall, our results suggest intergenerational colonization with human microbiota samples is a useful approach with which to investigate microbiota-dependent changes in growth and immunity in early life. Murine models that capture the intergenerational and multifactorial nature of undernutrition are critical to understanding the underlying biology of this disorder. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadeliz A Serrano Matos
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jasmine Cano
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Hamna Shafiq
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Claire Williams
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Julee Sunny
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Carrie A Cowardin
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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20
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Mann ER, Lam YK, Uhlig HH. Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01014-8. [PMID: 38565643 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate, propionate and acetate are microbial metabolites and their availability in the gut and other organs is determined by environmental factors, such as diet and use of antibiotics, that shape the diversity and metabolism of the microbiota. SCFAs regulate epithelial barrier function as well as mucosal and systemic immunity via evolutionary conserved processes that involve G protein-coupled receptor signalling or histone deacetylase activity. Indicatively, the anti-inflammatory role of butyrate is mediated through direct effects on the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells, phagocytes, B cells and plasma cells, and regulatory and effector T cells. Intestinally derived SCFAs also directly and indirectly affect immunity at extra-intestinal sites, such as the liver, the lungs, the reproductive tract and the brain, and have been implicated in a range of disorders, including infections, intestinal inflammation, autoimmunity, food allergies, asthma and responses to cancer therapies. An ecological understanding of microbial communities and their interrelated metabolic states, as well as the engineering of butyrogenic bacteria may support SCFA-focused interventions for the prevention and treatment of immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Mann
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ying Ka Lam
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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21
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Perdijk O, Azzoni R, Marsland BJ. The microbiome: an integral player in immune homeostasis and inflammation in the respiratory tract. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:835-879. [PMID: 38059886 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00020.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decade of microbiome research has highlighted its fundamental role in systemic immune and metabolic homeostasis. The microbiome plays a prominent role during gestation and into early life, when maternal lifestyle factors shape immune development of the newborn. Breast milk further shapes gut colonization, supporting the development of tolerance to commensal bacteria and harmless antigens while preventing outgrowth of pathogens. Environmental microbial and lifestyle factors that disrupt this process can dysregulate immune homeostasis, predisposing infants to atopic disease and childhood asthma. In health, the low-biomass lung microbiome, together with inhaled environmental microbial constituents, establishes the immunological set point that is necessary to maintain pulmonary immune defense. However, in disease perturbations to immunological and physiological processes allow the upper respiratory tract to act as a reservoir of pathogenic bacteria, which can colonize the diseased lung and cause severe inflammation. Studying these host-microbe interactions in respiratory diseases holds great promise to stratify patients for suitable treatment regimens and biomarker discovery to predict disease progression. Preclinical studies show that commensal gut microbes are in a constant flux of cell division and death, releasing microbial constituents, metabolic by-products, and vesicles that shape the immune system and can protect against respiratory diseases. The next major advances may come from testing and utilizing these microbial factors for clinical benefit and exploiting the predictive power of the microbiome by employing multiomics analysis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Perdijk
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rossana Azzoni
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Didriksen BJ, Eshleman EM, Alenghat T. Epithelial regulation of microbiota-immune cell dynamics. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:303-313. [PMID: 38428738 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian gastrointestinal tract hosts a diverse community of trillions of microorganisms, collectively termed the microbiota, which play a fundamental role in regulating tissue physiology and immunity. Recent studies have sought to dissect the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating communication between the microbiota and host immune system. Epithelial cells line the intestine and form an initial barrier separating the microbiota from underlying immune cells, and disruption of epithelial function has been associated with various conditions ranging from infection to inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer. From several studies, it is now clear that epithelial cells integrate signals from commensal microbes. Importantly, these non-hematopoietic cells also direct regulatory mechanisms that instruct the recruitment and function of microbiota-sensitive immune cells. In this review, we discuss the central role that has emerged for epithelial cells in orchestrating intestinal immunity and highlight epithelial pathways through which the microbiota can calibrate tissue-intrinsic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey J Didriksen
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily M Eshleman
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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23
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Rusconi B, Bard AK, McDonough R, Kindsvogel AM, Wang JD, Udayan S, McDonald KG, Newberry RD, Tarr PI. Intergenerational protective anti-gut commensal immunoglobulin G originates in early life. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309994121. [PMID: 38517976 PMCID: PMC10990157 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309994121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal immunoglobulins of the class G (IgGs) protect offspring from enteric infection, but when, where, and how these antibodies are physiologically generated and confer protection remains enigmatic. We found that circulating IgGs in adult mice preferentially bind early-life gut commensal bacteria over their own adult gut commensal bacteria. IgG-secreting plasma cells specific for early-life gut bacteria appear in the intestine soon after weaning, where they remain into adulthood. Manipulating exposure to gut bacteria or plasma cell development before, but not after, weaning reduced IgG-secreting plasma cells targeting early-life gut bacteria throughout life. Further, the development of this anti-gut commensal IgG response coincides with the early-life interval in which goblet cell-associated antigen passages (GAPs) are present in the colon. Offspring of dams "perturbed" by B cell ablation or reduced bacterial exposure in early life were more susceptible to enteric pathogen challenge. In contrast to current concepts, protective maternal IgGs targeted translocating gut commensals in the offspring, not the enteric pathogen. These early-life events affecting anti-commensal IgG production have intergenerational effects for protection of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigida Rusconi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Adina K. Bard
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Ryan McDonough
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Angel M. Kindsvogel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Jacqueline D. Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Sreeram Udayan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Keely G. McDonald
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Rodney D. Newberry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Phillip I. Tarr
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
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24
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Jans M, Vereecke L. A guide to germ-free and gnotobiotic mouse technology to study health and disease. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38523409 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota has major influence on human physiology and modulates health and disease. Complex host-microbe interactions regulate various homeostatic processes, including metabolism and immune function, while disturbances in microbiota composition (dysbiosis) are associated with a plethora of human diseases and are believed to modulate disease initiation, progression and therapy response. The vast complexity of the human microbiota and its metabolic output represents a great challenge in unraveling the molecular basis of host-microbe interactions in specific physiological contexts. To increase our understanding of these interactions, functional microbiota research using animal models in a reductionistic setting are essential. In the dynamic landscape of gut microbiota research, the use of germ-free and gnotobiotic mouse technology, in which causal disease-driving mechanisms can be dissected, represents a pivotal investigative tool for functional microbiota research in health and disease, in which causal disease-driving mechanisms can be dissected. A better understanding of the health-modulating functions of the microbiota opens perspectives for improved therapies in many diseases. In this review, we discuss practical considerations for the design and execution of germ-free and gnotobiotic experiments, including considerations around germ-free rederivation and housing conditions, route and timing of microbial administration, and dosing protocols. This comprehensive overview aims to provide researchers with valuable insights for improved experimental design in the field of functional microbiota research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Jans
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Lars Vereecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Belgium
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25
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Sanidad KZ, Rager SL, Carrow HC, Ananthanarayanan A, Callaghan R, Hart LR, Li T, Ravisankar P, Brown JA, Amir M, Jin JC, Savage AR, Luo R, Rowdo FM, Martin ML, Silver RB, Guo CJ, Krumsiek J, Inohara N, Zeng MY. Gut bacteria-derived serotonin promotes immune tolerance in early life. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadj4775. [PMID: 38489352 PMCID: PMC11328322 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adj4775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota promotes immune system development in early life, but the interactions between the gut metabolome and immune cells in the neonatal gut remain largely undefined. Here, we demonstrate that the neonatal gut is uniquely enriched with neurotransmitters, including serotonin, and that specific gut bacteria directly produce serotonin while down-regulating monoamine oxidase A to limit serotonin breakdown. We found that serotonin directly signals to T cells to increase intracellular indole-3-acetaldehdye and inhibit mTOR activation, thereby promoting the differentiation of regulatory T cells, both ex vivo and in vivo in the neonatal intestine. Oral gavage of serotonin into neonatal mice resulted in long-term T cell-mediated antigen-specific immune tolerance toward both dietary antigens and commensal bacteria. Together, our study has uncovered an important role for specific gut bacteria to increase serotonin availability in the neonatal gut and identified a function of gut serotonin in shaping T cell response to dietary antigens and commensal bacteria to promote immune tolerance in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Z Sanidad
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephanie L Rager
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hannah C Carrow
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aparna Ananthanarayanan
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ryann Callaghan
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lucy R Hart
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tingting Li
- Jill Roberts Institute for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Purnima Ravisankar
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Julia A Brown
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mohammed Amir
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jenny C Jin
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexandria Rose Savage
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ryan Luo
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - M Laura Martin
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Randi B Silver
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chun-Jun Guo
- Jill Roberts Institute for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Naohiro Inohara
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Melody Y Zeng
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, NY 10065, USA
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26
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Zhu H, Bai S, Ma W, Qian H, Du P. A combined effect of fish-originated collagen peptides and caffeine on the cognitive function of sleep-deprived mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:917-929. [PMID: 38170494 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03841f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Refreshing beverages, consumed worldwide, commonly take advantage of caffeine's impacts on attention and motor performance. However, excessive long-term caffeine intake might disturb sleep/wake rhythms and exacerbate daily anxiety. Fish-originated collagen peptides (FCP) are of high nutrient value with stimulating, calming or relaxing effects, which could reduce the excitotoxicity of caffeine. This study aims to investigate two facets: (1) the combined effect of caffeine and FCP (namely C&F) on the cognitive function of sleep-deprived mice by different administration strategies with dose dependence (low and high dose) or time dependence (intervention in a day and prevention for a week); (2) the potential "microbiota-gut-brain" mechanism by which C&F improves sleep deprivation (SD)-induced cognitive impairments. Here, C57BL/6 mice were administered caffeine (10 or 20 mg per kg per bw) combined with FCP (100 or 200 mg per kg per bw) and were then subjected to 48 h SD. The open-field and Morris water maze tests were performed to evaluate the cognitive function and spatial learning capacities of mice. Our results indicated that the cognitive impairments of SD mice were significantly relieved to a different degree by treating C&F in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The pathological observation of the hippocampus indicated both intervention (time of a day) and prevention (time of a week) of the C&F protected brain tissue from SD-induced injuries. The accumulated pro-inflammatory neurometabolites and factors were significantly inhibited by C&F via the hypothalamus-hippocampal circuit. Furthermore, 16S rDNA analysis of colonic contents showed that the level of Lactobacillus murinus was significantly upregulated and that of Clostridia_UCG-014 was suppressed in the C&F group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of Lactobacillus murinus indicated a certain diagnostic utility to distinguish C&F intervention (AUC = 0.52) or prevention (AUC = 0.68). Pathways of ko04622 (immune system) and ko00472 (metabolism processes) were significantly regulated by C&F in a time-dependent manner. Based on PICRUSt2 algorithm analysis, C&F might potentially regulate gut microbial functions through several metabolic pathways, including the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway and limonene and pinene degradation. In conclusion, C&F plays a key role in brain function and behavior, which could synergistically relieve cognitive impairments via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkang Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Shuang Bai
- Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Wen Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - He Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Peng Du
- Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China.
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27
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Kulkarni DH, Talati K, Joyce EL, Kousik H, Harris DL, Floyd AN, Vavrinyuk V, Barrios B, Udayan S, McDonald K, John V, Hsieh CS, Newberry RD. Small Intestinal Goblet Cells Control Humoral Immune Responses and Mobilization During Enteric Infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.06.573891. [PMID: 38260555 PMCID: PMC10802374 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.06.573891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Humoral immune responses within the gut play diverse roles including pathogen clearance during enteric infections, maintaining tolerance, and facilitating the assemblage and stability of the gut microbiota. How these humoral immune responses are initiated and contribute to these processes are well studied. However, the signals promoting the expansion of these responses and their rapid mobilization to the gut mucosa are less well understood. Intestinal goblet cells form goblet cell-associated antigen passages (GAPs) to deliver luminal antigens to the underlying immune system and facilitate tolerance. GAPs are rapidly inhibited during enteric infection to prevent inflammatory responses to innocuous luminal antigens. Here we interrogate GAP inhibition as a key physiological response required for effective humoral immunity. Independent of infection, GAP inhibition resulted in enrichment of transcripts representing B cell recruitment, expansion, and differentiation into plasma cells in the small intestine (SI), which were confirmed by flow cytometry and ELISpot assays. Further we observed an expansion of isolated lymphoid follicles within the SI, as well as expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow upon GAP inhibition. S1PR1-induced blockade of leukocyte trafficking during GAP inhibition resulted in a blunting of SI plasma cell expansion, suggesting that mobilization of plasma cells from the bone marrow contributes to their expansion in the gut. However, luminal IgA secretion was only observed in the presence of S. typhimurium infection, suggesting that although GAP inhibition mobilizes a mucosal humoral immune response, a second signal is required for full effector function. Overriding GAP inhibition during enteric infection abrogated the expansion of laminar propria IgA+ plasma cells. We conclude that GAP inhibition is a required physiological response for efficiently mobilizing mucosal humoral immunity in response to enteric infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesha H. Kulkarni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Khushi Talati
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elisabeth L. Joyce
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hrishi Kousik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dalia L. Harris
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexandria N. Floyd
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vitaly Vavrinyuk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bibianna Barrios
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sreeram Udayan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Keely McDonald
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vini John
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Division of Rheumatology John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rodney D. Newberry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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28
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Ross BD. Bacteroides fragilis uses toxins for gut success. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:11-12. [PMID: 38177303 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
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29
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Koren O, Konnikova L, Brodin P, Mysorekar IU, Collado MC. The maternal gut microbiome in pregnancy: implications for the developing immune system. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:35-45. [PMID: 38097774 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has important roles in host metabolism and immunity, and microbial dysbiosis affects human physiology and health. Maternal immunity and microbial metabolites during pregnancy, microbial transfer during birth, and transfer of immune factors, microorganisms and metabolites via breastfeeding provide critical sources of early-life microbial and immune training, with important consequences for human health. Only a few studies have directly examined the interactions between the gut microbiome and the immune system during pregnancy, and the subsequent effect on offspring development. In this Review, we aim to describe how the maternal microbiome shapes overall pregnancy-associated maternal, fetal and early neonatal immune systems, focusing on the existing evidence and highlighting current gaps to promote further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Department of Paediatrics and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Petter Brodin
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
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30
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Oldereid TS, Jiang X, Øgaard J, Schrumpf E, Bjørnholt JV, Rasmussen H, Melum E. Microbial exposure during early life regulates development of bile duct inflammation. Scand J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:192-201. [PMID: 37997753 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2278423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The early life microbiome has been linked to inflammatory diseases in adulthood and a role for the microbiome in bile duct inflammation is supported by both human and murine studies. We utilized the NOD.c3c4 mouse model that develops a spontaneous immune-driven biliary disease with a known contribution of the microbiome to evaluate the temporal effects of the early life microbiome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Germ-free (GF) NOD.c3c4 mice were conventionalized into a specific pathogen free environment at birth (conventionally raised, CONV-R) or at weaning (germ-free raised, GF-R) and compared with age and gender-matched GF and conventional (CONV) NOD.c3c4 mice. At 9 weeks of age, liver pathology was assessed by conventional histology and flow cytometry immunophenotyping. RESULTS Neonatal exposure to microbes (CONV-R) increased biliary inflammation to similar levels as regular conventional NOD.c3c4 mice, while delayed exposure to microbes (GF-R) restrained the biliary inflammation. Neutrophil infiltration was increased in all conventionalized mice compared to GF. An immunophenotype in the liver similar to CONV was restored in both CONV-R and GF-R compared to GF mice displaying a proportional increase of B cells and reduction of T cells in the liver. CONCLUSIONS Microbial exposure during early life has a temporal impact on biliary tract inflammation in the NOD.c3c4 mouse model suggesting that age-sensitive interaction with commensal microbes have long-lasting effects on biliary immunity that can be of importance for human cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine S Oldereid
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiaojun Jiang
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Øgaard
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Schrumpf
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen V Bjørnholt
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik Rasmussen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Division of Oslo Hospital Services, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Melum
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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31
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Hill CA, Casterline BW, Valguarnera E, Hecht AL, Shepherd ES, Sonnenburg JL, Bubeck Wardenburg J. Bacteroides fragilis toxin expression enables lamina propria niche acquisition in the developing mouse gut. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:85-94. [PMID: 38168616 PMCID: PMC11214347 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01559-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial toxins are well-studied virulence factors; however, recent studies have revealed their importance in bacterial niche adaptation. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) expresses B. fragilis toxin (BFT) that we hypothesized may contribute to both colonic epithelial injury and niche acquisition. We developed a vertical transmission model for ETBF in mice that showed that BFT enabled ETBF to access a lamina propria (LP) niche during colonic microbiome development that was inaccessible to non-toxigenic B. fragilis. LP entry by ETBF required BFT metalloprotease activity, and showed temporal restriction to the pre-weaning period, dependent on goblet-cell-associated passages. In situ single-cell analysis showed bft expression at the apical epithelial surface and within the LP. BFT expression increased goblet cell number and goblet-cell-associated passage formation. These findings define a paradigm by which bacterial toxin expression specifies developmental niche acquisition, suggesting that a selective advantage conferred by a toxin may impact long-term host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Hill
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin W Casterline
- Interdisciplinary Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Aaron L Hecht
- Interdisciplinary Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Justin L Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
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32
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Yeh YW, Xiang Z. Mouse hygiene status-A tale of two environments for mast cells and allergy. Allergol Int 2024; 73:58-64. [PMID: 37673735 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models, including those employing the use of house mice (Mus musculus), are crucial in elucidating mechanisms in human pathophysiology. However, it is evident that the impreciseness of using laboratory mice maintained in super-hygienic barrier facilities to mirror relevant aspects of human physiology and pathology exists, which is a major limitation in translating mouse findings to inferring human medicine. Interestingly, free-living wild mice are found to be substantially different from laboratory-bred, specific pathogen-free mice with respect to various immune system compartments. Wild mice have an immune system that better reflects human immunity. In this review article, we discuss recent experimental findings that address the so-called "wild immunology", which reveals the contrasting immune features between laboratory-raised mice and their wild companions as well as laboratory mice that have been exposed to a natural rodent habitat. A particular focus will be given to the development of pulmonary mast cells and its possible impact on the use of "naturalized" or "rewilded" laboratory mice as experimental asthma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Yeh
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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33
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Greenfield KG, Harlow OS, Witt LT, Dziekan EM, Tamar CR, Meier J, Brumbaugh JE, Levy ER, Knoop KA. Neonatal intestinal colonization of Streptococcus agalactiae and the multiple modes of protection limiting translocation. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2379862. [PMID: 39042143 PMCID: PMC11268251 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2379862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a predominant pathogen of neonatal sepsis, commonly associated with early-onset neonatal sepsis. GBS has also been associated with cases of late-onset sepsis potentially originating from the intestine. Previous findings have shown GBS can colonize the infant intestinal tract as part of the neonatal microbiota. To better understand GBS colonization dynamics in the neonatal intestine, we collected stool and milk samples from prematurely born neonates for identification of potential pathogens in the neonatal intestinal microbiota. GBS was present in approximately 10% of the cohort, and this colonization was not associated with maternal GBS status, delivery route, or gestational weight. Interestingly, we observed the relative abundance of GBS in the infant stool negatively correlated with maternal IgA concentration in matched maternal milk samples. Using a preclinical murine model of GBS infection, we report that both vertical transmission and direct oral introduction resulted in intestinal colonization of GBS; however, translocation beyond the intestine was limited. Finally, vaccination of dams prior to breeding induced strong immunoglobulin responses, including IgA responses, which were associated with reduced mortality and GBS intestinal colonization. Taken together, we show that maternal IgA may contribute to infant immunity by limiting the colonization of GBS in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lila T Witt
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jane E Brumbaugh
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emily R Levy
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn A Knoop
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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34
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Valentín Rostan M, Bogado DM. [Physiopathology of food allergies]. REVISTA ALERGIA MÉXICO 2023; 70:225-229. [PMID: 38506861 DOI: 10.29262/ram.v70i4.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is an adverse reaction to certain foods that have demonstrated "immunological mechanisms"; therefore, this term covers both food allergies mediated or not by immunoglobulin E (IgE). The common pathophysiological mechanism among forms of allergy to foods mediated or not by IgE is found in the failure of clinical and immunological tolerance towards that food. The induction and maintenance of immunological tolerance depends on the active generation of regulatory T cells specific for food antigens. This process is influenced by genetic factors (FOXP3 genes) and epigenetic factors conditioned by the environment (diet, microbiota, and their products). Since the intestinal microbiome can normally promote oral tolerance, current evidence suggests that perturbations of the microbiome may correlate, or even predispose, with food allergy. Understanding the pathogenic mechanism underlying IgE-mediated food allergies allows the implementation of measures aimed at restoring clinical and immunological tolerance. Knowledge of the mechanisms of food allergy will improve the outlook for patients with more severe immediate food allergies and anaphylaxis, as well as those who have comorbidities (atopic dermatitis, eosinophilic esophagitis and EGEIDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marylín Valentín Rostan
- Pediatra, Alergóloga e Inmunóloga; Profesora de Alergia pediátrica, Facultad de Medicina Uruguay; Presidenta electa de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología (SLAAI), Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Dory Mora Bogado
- Alergóloga e Inmunóloga, Médica del Área de Alergología, Hospital Central-IPS, Asunción, Paraguay
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35
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Moreno P. [Microbiota in food allergy: prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics]. REVISTA ALERGIA MÉXICO 2023; 70:236-241. [PMID: 38506864 DOI: 10.29262/ram.v70i4.1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The close relationship between the microbiota and allergic diseases has been known for several years, particularly food allergy. Although the best studied microbiota is that related to bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi are also constituents of this, although their role is not definitively clarified. The microbial world interacts with the human body constantly, we are in daily contact with an infinite and innumerable number of varieties of microbes in our environment, some of them can pass through the body without causing any harm, while others generate undesirable risk for the body. health. Alteration of the original composition of the microbiota (dysbiosis) is associated with food allergy. This dysbiosis is related to changes in habits, method of termination of pregnancy (birth or cesarean section), replacement of breastfeeding or interruption at an early age; decrease in family size; loss of contact with farm animals or pets; inappropriate prescription or abuse of antibiotics. The transition from a diet based exclusively on milk to one with solid foods is associated with a drastic increase in microbial diversity. Immunomodulatory components of the microbiota (cell surface polysaccharides), dietary factors (vitamin A), and production of secondary metabolites (short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acid metabolites) promote differentiation of the RORγt+ cell population Treg. ILC3 produces IL-2, which plays a decisive role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Moreno
- Especialista en Alergia e Inmunología clínica. Fundación para el Estudio del Asma y Otras Enfermedades Alérgicas, Buenos Aires,
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36
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Holcomb L, Holman JM, Hurd M, Lavoie B, Colucci L, Hunt B, Hunt T, Kinney M, Pathak J, Mawe GM, Moses PL, Perry E, Stratigakis A, Zhang T, Chen G, Ishaq SL, Li Y. Early life exposure to broccoli sprouts confers stronger protection against enterocolitis development in an immunological mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease. mSystems 2023; 8:e0068823. [PMID: 37942948 PMCID: PMC10734470 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00688-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE To our knowledge, IL-10-KO mice have not previously been used to investigate the interactions of host, microbiota, and broccoli, broccoli sprouts, or broccoli bioactives in resolving symptoms of CD. We showed that a diet containing 10% raw broccoli sprouts increased the plasma concentration of the anti-inflammatory compound sulforaphane and protected mice to varying degrees against disease symptoms, including weight loss or stagnation, fecal blood, and diarrhea. Younger mice responded more strongly to the diet, further reducing symptoms, as well as increased gut bacterial richness, increased bacterial community similarity to each other, and more location-specific communities than older mice on the diet intervention. Crohn's disease disrupts the lives of patients and requires people to alter dietary and lifestyle habits to manage symptoms. The current medical treatment is expensive with significant side effects, and a dietary intervention represents an affordable, accessible, and simple strategy to reduce the burden of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Holcomb
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Johanna M. Holman
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Molly Hurd
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Brigitte Lavoie
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Louisa Colucci
- Department of Biology, Husson University, Bangor, Maine, USA
| | - Benjamin Hunt
- Department of Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Timothy Hunt
- Department of Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Marissa Kinney
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Jahnavi Pathak
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Gary M. Mawe
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Peter L. Moses
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
- Finch Therapeutics, Somerville, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emma Perry
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Allesandra Stratigakis
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, Johnson City, New York, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, Johnson City, New York, USA
| | - Grace Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Suzanne L. Ishaq
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Yanyan Li
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
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Minot SS, Mayer-Blackwell K, Fiore-Gartland A, Johnson A, Self S, Bhatti P, Yao L, Liu L, Sun X, Jinfa Y, Kublin J. Strain-level characterization of health-associated bacterial consortia that colonize the human gut during infancy. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.16.23300077. [PMID: 38168439 PMCID: PMC10760300 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.16.23300077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Background The human gut microbiome develops rapidly during infancy, a key window of development coinciding with maturation of the adaptive immune system. However, little is known of the microbiome growth dynamics over the first few months of life and whether there are any generalizable patterns across human populations. We performed metagenomic sequencing on stool samples (n=94) from a cohort of infants (n=15) at monthly intervals in the first six months of life, augmenting our dataset with seven published studies for a total of 4,441 metagenomes from 1,162 infants. Results Strain-level de novo analysis was used to identify 592 of the most abundant organisms in the infant gut microbiome. Previously unrecognized consortia were identified which exhibited highly correlated abundances across samples and were composed of diverse species spanning multiple genera. Analysis of a cohort of infants with cystic fibrosis identified one such novel consortium of diverse Enterobacterales which was positively correlated with weight gain. While all studies showed an increased community stability during the first year of life, microbial dynamics varied widely in the first few months of life, both by study and by individual. Conclusion By augmenting published metagenomic datasets with data from a newly established cohort we were able to identify novel groups of organisms that are correlated with measures of robust human development. We hypothesize that the presence of these groups may impact human health in aggregate in ways that individual species may not in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Fiore-Gartland
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Andrew Johnson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Steven Self
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Parveen Bhatti
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Epidemiology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lena Yao
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Lili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Sun
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Jinfa
- Nanhai Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - James Kublin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
- HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
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38
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Potchen NB, Johnson AM, Hager K, Graham J, Van P, Lyn-Kew KH, Warrier L, Talavera IC, Lund JM, Kublin JG. Oral tolerance to systemic vaccination remains intact without RORγt expression in regulatory T cells. iScience 2023; 26:108504. [PMID: 38125026 PMCID: PMC10730369 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Many promising vaccine candidates and licensed vaccines lead to variable immune responses within humans. Studies suggest that environmental exposures in the gastrointestinal tract could contribute to a reduction in vaccine efficacy via immune tolerance at this site; this is partly achieved by a high abundance of regulatory T cells (Tregs). It is unclear if Treg subsets regulate systemic vaccine responses following oral antigen pre-exposure. Here, we implemented a conditional knock-out mouse model of RORγt+ Tregs to examine the role of these cells in mediating this process. Following oral exposure to the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) prior to immunization, we found similar induction of vaccine-induced antibody responses in mice lacking RORγt expression in Tregs compared to sufficient controls. Use of various adjuvants led to distinct findings. Our data suggest that expression of RORγt+ within Tregs is not required to regulate tolerance to systemic vaccination following oral antigen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole B. Potchen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrew M.F. Johnson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kevin Hager
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jessica Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Phuong Van
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Katelyn H. Lyn-Kew
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lakshmi Warrier
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Irene Cruz Talavera
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - James G. Kublin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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39
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Donald K, Finlay BB. Early-life interactions between the microbiota and immune system: impact on immune system development and atopic disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:735-748. [PMID: 37138015 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal and early postnatal life represent key periods of immune system development. In addition to genetics and host biology, environment has a large and irreversible role in the immune maturation and health of an infant. One key player in this process is the gut microbiota, a diverse community of microorganisms that colonizes the human intestine. The diet, environment and medical interventions experienced by an infant determine the establishment and progression of the intestinal microbiota, which interacts with and trains the developing immune system. Several chronic immune-mediated diseases have been linked to an altered gut microbiota during early infancy. The recent rise in allergic disease incidence has been explained by the 'hygiene hypothesis', which states that societal changes in developed countries have led to reduced early-life microbial exposures, negatively impacting immunity. Although human cohort studies across the globe have established a correlation between early-life microbiota composition and atopy, mechanistic links and specific host-microorganism interactions are still being uncovered. Here, we detail the progression of immune system and microbiota maturation in early life, highlight the mechanistic links between microbes and the immune system, and summarize the role of early-life host-microorganism interactions in allergic disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Donald
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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40
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Ramanan D, Pratama A, Zhu Y, Venezia O, Sassone-Corsi M, Chowdhary K, Galván-Peña S, Sefik E, Brown C, Gélineau A, Mathis D, Benoist C. Regulatory T cells in the face of the intestinal microbiota. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:749-762. [PMID: 37316560 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00890-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are key players in ensuring a peaceful coexistence with microorganisms and food antigens at intestinal borders. Startling new information has appeared in recent years on their diversity, the importance of the transcription factor FOXP3, how T cell receptors influence their fate and the unexpected and varied cellular partners that influence Treg cell homeostatic setpoints. We also revisit some tenets, maintained by the echo chambers of Reviews, that rest on uncertain foundations or are a subject of debate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alvin Pratama
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yangyang Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Venezia
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Esen Sefik
- Department of Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chrysothemis Brown
- Immuno-Oncology, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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41
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López-Fandiño R, Molina E, Lozano-Ojalvo D. Intestinal factors promoting the development of RORγt + cells and oral tolerance. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1294292. [PMID: 37936708 PMCID: PMC10626553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract has to harmonize the two seemingly opposite functions of fulfilling nutritional needs and avoiding the entry of pathogens, toxins and agents that can cause physical damage. This balance requires a constant adjustment of absorptive and defending functions by sensing environmental changes or noxious substances and initiating adaptive or protective mechanisms against them through a complex network of receptors integrated with the central nervous system that communicate with cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Effective homeostatic processes at barrier sites take the responsibility for oral tolerance, which protects from adverse reactions to food that cause allergic diseases. During a very specific time interval in early life, the establishment of a stable microbiota in the large intestine is sufficient to prevent pathological events in adulthood towards a much larger bacterial community and provide tolerance towards diverse food antigens encountered later in life. The beneficial effects of the microbiome are mainly exerted by innate and adaptive cells that express the transcription factor RORγt, in whose generation, mediated by different bacterial metabolites, retinoic acid signalling plays a predominant role. In addition, recent investigations indicate that food antigens also contribute, analogously to microbial-derived signals, to educating innate immune cells and instructing the development and function of RORγt+ cells in the small intestine, complementing and expanding the tolerogenic effect of the microbiome in the colon. This review addresses the mechanisms through which microbiota-produced metabolites and dietary antigens maintain intestinal homeostasis, highlighting the complementarity and redundancy between their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosina López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
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42
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Young GR, Nelson A, Stewart CJ, Smith DL. Bacteriophage communities are a reservoir of unexplored microbial diversity in neonatal health and disease. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 75:102379. [PMID: 37647765 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Acquisition and development of the gut microbiome are vital for immune education in neonates, especially those born preterm. As such, microbial communities have been extensively studied in the context of postnatal health and disease. Bacterial communities have been the focus of research in this area due to the relative ease of targeted bacterial sequencing and the availability of databases to align and validate sequencing data. Recent increases in high-throughput metagenomic sequencing accessibility have facilitated research to investigate bacteriophages within the context of neonatal gut microbial communities. Focusing on unexplored viral diversity, has identified novel bacteriophage species and previously uncharacterised viral diversity. In doing so, studies have highlighted links between bacteriophages and bacterial community structure in the context of health and disease. However, much remains unknown about the complex relationships between bacteriophages, the bacteria they infect and their human host. With a particular focus on preterm infants, this review highlights opportunities to explore the influence of bacteriophages on developing microbial communities and the tripartite relationships between bacteriophages, bacteria and the neonatal human host. We suggest a focus on expanding collections of isolated bacteriophages that will further our understanding of the growing numbers of bacteriophages identified in metagenomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Young
- Applied Sciences, Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Andrew Nelson
- Applied Sciences, Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - Darren L Smith
- Applied Sciences, Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK.
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43
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Hor JL, Germain RN. Spatiotemporal and cell-state control of antigen presentation during tolerance and immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 84:102357. [PMID: 37331219 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Effective adaptive immunity is rendered possible by highly organized tissue architecture and coordinated cellular crosstalk. While detailed spatiotemporal analyses of antigen presentation and adaptive immune activation in secondary lymphoid tissues have been a major focus of study, it is clear that antigen presentation in other tissues also plays a critical role in shaping the immune response. In this article, we concentrate on two opposing aspects of adaptive immunity: tolerance and antitumor immunity, to illustrate how a complex set of antigen presentation mechanisms contributes to maintaining a delicate balance between robust immunity and avoidance of autoimmune pathology. We emphasize the importance of how immune cell identity, state, and location collectively determine the nature of adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh Liang Hor
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892, USA
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892, USA.
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44
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Zhang X, Chen X, Wang Z, Meng X, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Cavallari N, Wu Y, Gao J, Li X, Chen H. Goblet cell-associated antigen passage: A gatekeeper of the intestinal immune system. Immunology 2023; 170:1-12. [PMID: 37067238 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective delivery of luminal antigens to the underlying immune system is the initial step in generating antigen-specific responses in the gut. However, a large body of information regarding the immune response activation process remains unknown. Recently, goblet cells (GCs) have been reported to form goblet cell-associated antigen passages (GAPs). Luminal antigens can be transported inside GAPs and reach subepithelial immune cells to induce antigen-specific immune responses, contributing largely to gut homeostasis and the prevention of some intestinal diseases like allergic enteritis and bacterial translocation. In this article, we summarized recent observations on the formation of intestinal GAPs and their roles in mucosal immunity. We hope that this review can offer a fresh perspective and valuable insights for clinicians and researchers interested in studying the intestinal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanyi Meng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Nicola Cavallari
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yong Wu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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45
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Chiaranunt P, Burrows K, Ngai L, Tai SL, Cao EY, Liang H, Hamidzada H, Wong A, Gschwend J, Flüchter P, Kuypers M, Despot T, Momen A, Lim SM, Mallevaey T, Schneider C, Conway T, Imamura H, Epelman S, Mortha A. Microbial energy metabolism fuels an intestinal macrophage niche in solitary isolated lymphoid tissues through purinergic signaling. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabq4573. [PMID: 37540734 PMCID: PMC11192171 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq4573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining macrophage (MΦ) heterogeneity is critical to ensure intestinal tissue homeostasis and host defense. The gut microbiota and host factors are thought to synergistically guide intestinal MΦ development, although the exact nature, regulation, and location of such collaboration remain unclear. Here, we report that microbial biochemical energy metabolism promotes colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) production by group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) within solitary isolated lymphoid tissues (SILTs) in a cell-extrinsic, NLRP3/P2X7R-dependent fashion in the steady state. Tissue-infiltrating monocytes accumulating around SILTs followed a spatially constrained, distinct developmental trajectory into SILT-associated MΦs (SAMs). CSF2 regulated the mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species production of SAMs and contributed to the antimicrobial defense against enteric bacterial infections. Collectively, these findings identify SILTs and CSF2-producing ILC3s as a microanatomic niche for intestinal MΦ development and functional programming fueled by the integration of commensal microbial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pailin Chiaranunt
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle Burrows
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Louis Ngai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Siu Ling Tai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Y. Cao
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Helen Liang
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Homaira Hamidzada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Wong
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Gschwend
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Flüchter
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Meggie Kuypers
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tijana Despot
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abdul Momen
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sung Min Lim
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thierry Mallevaey
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Tyrrell Conway
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Hiromi Imamura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Slava Epelman
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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46
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Serrano Matos YA, Cano J, Shafiq H, Williams C, Sunny J, Cowardin CA. Colonization during a key developmental window reveals microbiota-dependent shifts in growth and immunity during undernutrition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.07.547849. [PMID: 37461523 PMCID: PMC10350093 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.07.547849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Childhood undernutrition is a major global health challenge with devastating lifelong consequences. Linear growth stunting due to undernutrition has been linked to poor outcomes, and mothers who experience stunting are more likely to give birth to stunted children. Murine models that capture the intergenerational and multifactorial nature of undernutrition are critical to understanding the underlying biology of this disorder. Here we report a gnotobiotic mouse model of undernutrition using microbiota from human infants with healthy or stunted growth trajectories. Intergenerational transmission of microbiota from parents to offspring leads to the development of growth and immune features of undernutrition and enteropathy, including reduced linear growth, intestinal villus blunting and accumulation of intraepithelial lymphocytes. In contrast, colonization after weaning reduces sensitivity to detect changes driven by distinct microbial communities. Overall, these results suggest intergenerational colonization is a useful approach with which to investigate microbiota-dependent growth and immunity in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadeliz A. Serrano Matos
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jasmine Cano
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Hamna Shafiq
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Claire Williams
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Julee Sunny
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Carrie A. Cowardin
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
- Senior author
- Lead contact
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47
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Ciarambino T, Crispino P, Leto G, Minervini G, Para O, Giordano M. Microbiota and Glucidic Metabolism: A Link with Multiple Aspects and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10409. [PMID: 37373556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of overweight and obesity has dramatically increased in the last few decades, with a significant socioeconomic burden. In this narrative review, we include clinical studies aiming to provide the necessary knowledge on the role of the gut microbiota in the development of diabetic pathology and glucose-metabolism-related disorders. In particular, the role of a certain microbial composition of the fermentative type seems to emerge without a specific link to the development in certain subjects of obesity and the chronic inflammation of the adipose tissues, which underlies the pathological development of all the diseases related to glucose metabolism and metabolic syndrome. The gut microbiota plays an important role in glucose tolerance. Conclusion. New knowledge and new information is presented on the development of individualized therapies for patients affected by all the conditions related to reduced glucose tolerance and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ciarambino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Marcianise, ASL Caserta, 81037 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pietro Crispino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Latina, ASL Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Gaetano Leto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Minervini
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Lagonegro, AOR San Carlo, 85042 Lagonegro, Italy
| | - Ombretta Para
- Internal Emergency Department, Hospital of Careggi, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Mauro Giordano
- Department of Medical Science, University of Campania, L. Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy
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48
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Torow N, Li R, Hitch TCA, Mingels C, Al Bounny S, van Best N, Stange EL, Simons B, Maié T, Rüttger L, Gubbi NMKP, Abbott DA, Benabid A, Gadermayr M, Runge S, Treichel N, Merhof D, Rosshart SP, Jehmlich N, Hand TW, von Bergen M, Heymann F, Pabst O, Clavel T, Tacke F, Lelouard H, Costa IG, Hornef MW. M cell maturation and cDC activation determine the onset of adaptive immune priming in the neonatal Peyer's patch. Immunity 2023; 56:1220-1238.e7. [PMID: 37130522 PMCID: PMC10262694 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Early-life immune development is critical to long-term host health. However, the mechanisms that determine the pace of postnatal immune maturation are not fully resolved. Here, we analyzed mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) in small intestinal Peyer's patches (PPs), the primary inductive site of intestinal immunity. Conventional type 1 and 2 dendritic cells (cDC1 and cDC2) and RORgt+ antigen-presenting cells (RORgt+ APC) exhibited significant age-dependent changes in subset composition, tissue distribution, and reduced cell maturation, subsequently resulting in a lack in CD4+ T cell priming during the postnatal period. Microbial cues contributed but could not fully explain the discrepancies in MNP maturation. Type I interferon (IFN) accelerated MNP maturation but IFN signaling did not represent the physiological stimulus. Instead, follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) M cell differentiation was required and sufficient to drive postweaning PP MNP maturation. Together, our results highlight the role of FAE M cell differentiation and MNP maturation in postnatal immune development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Torow
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Ronghui Li
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Thomas Charles Adrian Hitch
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Clemens Mingels
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Shahed Al Bounny
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Niels van Best
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200, the Netherlands
| | - Eva-Lena Stange
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Britta Simons
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Tiago Maié
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Lennart Rüttger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | | | - Darryl Adelaide Abbott
- Pediatrics Department, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Adam Benabid
- Institute for Cell and Tumor Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Michael Gadermayr
- Institute of Imaging & Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Solveig Runge
- Department of Microbiome Research, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Nicole Treichel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Dorit Merhof
- Institute of Imaging & Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Stephan Patrick Rosshart
- Department of Microbiome Research, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Department of Medicine II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Timothy Wesley Hand
- Pediatrics Department, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Leipzig 04318, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig 04103, Germany; University of Leipzig, Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Felix Heymann
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Thomas Clavel
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Hugues Lelouard
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Ivan Gesteira Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Mathias Walter Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany.
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49
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Weckel A, Dhariwala MO, Ly K, Tran VM, Ojewumi OT, Riggs JB, Gonzalez JR, Dwyer LR, Okoro JN, Leech JM, Bacino MS, Cho GD, Merana G, Anandasabapathy N, Kumamoto Y, Scharschmidt TC. Long-term tolerance to skin commensals is established neonatally through a specialized dendritic cell subgroup. Immunity 2023; 56:1239-1254.e7. [PMID: 37028427 PMCID: PMC10330031 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Early-life establishment of tolerance to commensal bacteria at barrier surfaces carries enduring implications for immune health but remains poorly understood. Here, we showed that tolerance in skin was controlled by microbial interaction with a specialized subset of antigen-presenting cells. More particularly, CD301b+ type 2 conventional dendritic cells (DCs) in neonatal skin were specifically capable of uptake and presentation of commensal antigens for the generation of regulatory T (Treg) cells. CD301b+ DC2 were enriched for phagocytosis and maturation programs, while also expressing tolerogenic markers. In both human and murine skin, these signatures were reinforced by microbial uptake. In contrast to their adult counterparts or other early-life DC subsets, neonatal CD301b+ DC2 highly expressed the retinoic-acid-producing enzyme, RALDH2, the deletion of which limited commensal-specific Treg cell generation. Thus, synergistic interactions between bacteria and a specialized DC subset critically support early-life tolerance at the cutaneous interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Weckel
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Miqdad O Dhariwala
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kevin Ly
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Victoria M Tran
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Oluwasunmisola T Ojewumi
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Julianne B Riggs
- University of California, San Francisco, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeanmarie R Gonzalez
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Laura R Dwyer
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joy N Okoro
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John M Leech
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Margot S Bacino
- University of California, San Francisco, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Graduate Program, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Grace D Cho
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Geil Merana
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Niroshana Anandasabapathy
- Department of Dermatology, Meyer Cancer Center, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yosuke Kumamoto
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Tiffany C Scharschmidt
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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50
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Abstract
The incomplete removal of T cells that are reactive against self-proteins during their differentiation in the thymus requires mechanisms of tolerance that prevent their effector function within the periphery. A further challenge is imposed by the need to establish tolerance to the holobiont self, which comprises a highly complex community of commensal microorganisms. Here, we review recent advances in the investigation of peripheral T cell tolerance, focusing on new insights into mechanisms of tolerance to the gut microbiota, including tolerogenic antigen-presenting cell types and immunomodulatory lymphocytes, and their layered ontogeny that underlies developmental windows for establishing intestinal tolerance. While emphasizing the intestine as a model tissue for studying peripheral T cell tolerance, we highlight overlapping and distinct pathways that underlie tolerance to self-antigens versus commensal antigens within a broader framework for immune tolerance.
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