1
|
Boyle MJ, Engwerda CR, Jagannathan P. The impact of Plasmodium-driven immunoregulatory networks on immunity to malaria. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:637-653. [PMID: 38862638 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Malaria, caused by infection with Plasmodium parasites, drives multiple regulatory responses across the immune landscape. These regulatory responses help to protect against inflammatory disease but may in some situations hamper the acquisition of adaptive immune responses that clear parasites. In addition, the regulatory responses that occur during Plasmodium infection may negatively affect malaria vaccine efficacy in the most at-risk populations. Here, we discuss the specific cellular mechanisms of immunoregulatory networks that develop during malaria, with a focus on knowledge gained from human studies and studies that involve the main malaria parasite to affect humans, Plasmodium falciparum. Leveraging this knowledge may lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches to increase protective immunity to malaria during infection or after vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Boyle
- Life Sciences Division, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | | | - Prasanna Jagannathan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kleberg L, Courey-Ghaouzi AD, Lautenbach MJ, Färnert A, Sundling C. Regulation of B-cell function and expression of CD11c, T-bet, and FcRL5 in response to different activation signals. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350736. [PMID: 38700378 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
CD11c, FcRL5, or T-bet are commonly expressed by B cells expanding during inflammation, where they can make up >30% of mature B cells. However, the association between the proteins and differentiation and function in the host response remains largely unclear. We have assessed the co-expression of CD11c, T-bet, and FcRL5 in an in vitro B-cell culture system to determine how stimulation via the BCR, toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), and different cytokines influence CD11c, T-bet, and FcRL5 expression. We observed different expression dynamics for all markers, but a largely overlapping regulation of CD11c and FcRL5 in response to BCR and TLR9 activation, while T-bet was strongly dependent on IFN-γ signaling. Investigating plasma cell differentiation and APC functions, there was no association between marker expression and antibody secretion or T-cell help. Rather the functions were associated with TLR9-signalling and B-cell-derived IL-6 production, respectively. These results suggest that the expression of CD11c, FcRL5, and T-bet and plasma cell differentiation and improved APC functions occur in parallel and are regulated by similar activation signals, but they are not interdependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linn Kleberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alan-Dine Courey-Ghaouzi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maximilian Julius Lautenbach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Färnert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sundling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu L, Wong YH, Wong SSH, Cheung SCY, Sher JKH, Yam IYL, Yung S, Chan TM, Yap DYH. Alterations in exhausted and classical memory B cells in lupus nephritis - Relationship with disease relapse. Clin Immunol 2024; 265:110284. [PMID: 38878808 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION B cell exhaustion is a functional abnormality of B lymphocytes observed in chronic infections and shows association with autoreactivity. The role of exhausted and classical memory B cells in maintaining disease stability of lupus nephritis (LN) remains unclear. METHODS We measured classical memory (CD19+CD21+CD27+), exhausted B cells (CD19+CD21-CD27-), and related cytokines in LN patients with multiple relapses (MR) (n = 15) and no relapse (NR) (n = 15) during disease remission. The expression of inhibitory/adhesion molecules, cell proliferation and calcium mobilization in classical memory and exhausted B cells were also assessed. RESULTS The MR group had higher proportion of circulating exhausted and classical memory B cells compared to the NR group and healthy controls (HC) (p all <0.05 for MR vs. NR or HC). Blood levels of IL-6, BAFF, IL-21, CD62L, CXCR3 and Siglec-6 were all higher in the MR group (p < 0.05, for all). Exhausted B cells from the MR group showed higher FcRL4, CD22, CD85j and CD183 but lower CD62L expression than NR and HC groups. Exhausted B cells from MR patients exhibited reduced proliferation compared to NR patients and HC, while classical memory B cell proliferation in MR group was higher than the other two groups. Exhausted B cells from both MR and NR patients showed impaired calcium mobilization. CONCLUSION Alterations in exhausted and classical memory B cells are related to disease relapse in LN. These findings may help devise new strategies for monitoring disease activity and preventing relapse in LN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Litong Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yick Hei Wong
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sunny S H Wong
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon C Y Cheung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason K H Sher
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Irene Y L Yam
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Susan Yung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tak Mao Chan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Desmond Y H Yap
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li S, Mao D, Hao Q, You L, Li X, Wu Y, Wei L, Du H. Causal relationship between circulating immune cells and inflammatory bowel disease: A Mendelian randomization analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39056. [PMID: 39058862 PMCID: PMC11272237 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that includes Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). Although IBD is associated with elevated levels of innate and adaptive immunity, the relationship between circulating immune cells and IBD remains largely unknown. Therefore, we conducted a bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to determine their causal relationship. Genome-wide association study summary statistics were extracted from publicly available databases regarding immune cell phenotypes and IBD traits (including IBD, Crohn disease, and UC). MR analysis was conducted using 5 MR methods, with inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) as the primary analysis method. False discovery rate correction (FDR) was used to reduce the likelihood of type 1 errors. We also conducted MR-Egger-intercept tests to evaluate horizontal pleiotropy. After FDR adjustment of the P values for the IVW method, the results indicated no causal relationship between immune cell phenotypes and IBD or UC, but 4 immune characteristics were causally associated with Crohn disease. The percentage of human leukocyte antigen DR+ CD4+ T cells in lymphocytes was positively associated with the development of Crohn disease (odd ratio [OR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.21; P < .001; PFDR = 0.019), whereas the percentage of IgD- CD27- B cells in lymphocytes (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.79-0.92; P < .001; PFDR = 0.014), CD28 on CD39+ secreting CD4 regulatory T cells (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.96; P < .001; PFDR = 0.019), and the percentage of naïve CD4+ T cells in all CD4+ T cells (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85-0.95; P < .001; PFDR = 0.027) were negatively related to the risk of Crohn disease. MR analysis of the above 4 immune cell phenotypes revealed no horizontal pleiotropy. In the reverse MR analysis, Crohn disease was not causally associated with any of these immune cell phenotypes. The findings provide insight into the relationship between immune cells and IBD pathogenesis, and may serve as a basis for developing novel immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huanggang Central Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Dujuan Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huanggang Central Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Quanshui Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huanggang Central Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Lijuan You
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huanggang Central Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Xiufang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huanggang Central Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Yaohua Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huanggang Central Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Anesthesiology Center, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huanggang Central Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tijani MK, Saleh BH, Lugaajju A, Danielsson L, Persson KEM. Acquisition of anti-phosphatidylserine IgM and IgG antibodies by infants and their mothers over time in Uganda. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1416669. [PMID: 39131160 PMCID: PMC11310174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1416669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Production of anti-phosphatidylserine (anti-PS) antibodies has been associated with malaria and can aggravate pathology. How these autoantibodies develop during early childhood in a malaria context is not known. We examined levels of anti-PS IgG and IgM antibodies in a longitudinal cohort of mother-baby pairs during birth, in the infants at 2.5, 6 months, and in mothers and their babies at 9 months postpartum. Results There was no difference between levels of anti-PS IgG in cord blood and the mothers' peripheral blood at birth. However, anti-PS IgM levels were significantly higher in the mothers compared to the infants' cord blood, and IgM levels were steadily increasing during the first 9 months of the infants' life. In infants that had the highest anti-PS IgM levels at birth, there was a decline until 6 months with a rise at 9 months. Infants that possessed high anti-PS IgG at birth also exhibited a progressive decline in levels. When anti-PS were correlated to different fractions of B-cells, there were several correlations with P. falciparum specific atypical B cells both at birth and at 2.5 months for the infants, especially for anti-PS IgM. Anti-PS also correlated strongly to C1q-fixing antibodies at birth. Conclusion These results show that anti-PS IgG acquired by mothers could be transferred transplacentally and that IgM antibodies targeting PS are acquired during the first year of life. These results have increased the knowledge about autoimmune responses associated with infections in early life and is critical for a comprehensive understanding of malaria vaccine functionality in endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muyideen Kolapo Tijani
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bandar Hassan Saleh
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Allan Lugaajju
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lena Danielsson
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina E. M. Persson
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Laboratory Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Reyes RA, Turner L, Ssewanyana I, Jagannathan P, Feeney ME, Lavstsen T, Greenhouse B, Bol S, Bunnik EM. Differences in phenotype between long-lived memory B cells against Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens and variant surface antigens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.01.596978. [PMID: 38895251 PMCID: PMC11185507 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.01.596978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum infections elicit strong humoral immune responses to two main groups of antigens expressed by blood-stage parasites: merozoite antigens that are involved in the erythrocyte invasion process and variant surface antigens that mediate endothelial sequestration of infected erythrocytes. Long-lived B cells against both antigen classes can be detected in the circulation for years after exposure, but have not been directly compared. Here, we studied the phenotype of long-lived memory and atypical B cells to merozoite antigens (MSP1 and AMA1) and variant surface antigens (the CIDRα1 domain of PfEMP1) in Ugandan adults before and after local reduction of P. falciparum transmission. After a median of 1.7 years without P. falciparum infections, the percentage of antigen-specific activated B cells declined, but long-lived antigen-specific B cells were still detectable in all individuals. The majority of MSP1/AMA1-specific B cells were CD95+CD11c+ memory B cells, which are primed for rapid differentiation into antibody-secreting cells, and FcRL5-T-bet- atypical B cells. On the other hand, most CIDRα1-specific B cells were CD95-CD11c- memory B cells. CIDRα1-specific B cells were also enriched among a subset of atypical B cells that seem poised for antigen presentation. These results point to differences in how these antigens are recognized or processed by the immune system and how P. falciparum-specific B cells will respond upon re-infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael A Reyes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Louise Turner
- Centre for translational Medicine & Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Righospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Prasanna Jagannathan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Margaret E. Feeney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Lavstsen
- Centre for translational Medicine & Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Righospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sebastiaan Bol
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Evelien M Bunnik
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Olivieri G, Cotugno N, Palma P. Emerging insights into atypical B cells in pediatric chronic infectious diseases and immune system disorders: T(o)-bet on control of B-cell immune activation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:12-27. [PMID: 37890706 PMCID: PMC10842362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive or persistent cellular stimulation in vivo has been associated with the development of a heterogeneous B-cell population that exhibits a distinctive phenotype and, in addition to classical B-cell markers, often expresses the transcription factor T-bet and myeloid marker CD11c. Research suggests that this atypical population consists of B cells with distinct B-cell receptor specificities capable of binding the antigens responsible for their development. The expansion of this population occurs in the presence of chronic inflammatory conditions and autoimmune diseases where different nomenclatures have been used to describe them. However, as a result of the diverse contexts in which they have been investigated, these cells have remained largely enigmatic, with much ambiguity remaining regarding their phenotype and function in humoral immune response as well as their role in autoimmunity. Atypical B cells have garnered considerable interest because of their ability to produce specific antibodies and/or autoantibodies and because of their association with key disease manifestations. Although they have been widely described in the context of adults, little information is present for children. Therefore, the aim of this narrative review is to describe the characteristics of this population, suggest their function in pediatric immune-related diseases and chronic infections, and explore their potential therapeutic avenues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Olivieri
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; PhD Program in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, Molecular Medicine, and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Palma
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, Molecular Medicine, and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reyes RA, Batugedara G, Dutta P, Reers AB, Garza R, Ssewanyana I, Jagannathan P, Feeney ME, Greenhouse B, Bol S, Ay F, Bunnik EM. Atypical B cells consist of subsets with distinct functional profiles. iScience 2023; 26:108496. [PMID: 38098745 PMCID: PMC10720271 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical B cells are a population of activated B cells that are commonly enriched in individuals with chronic immune activation but are also part of a normal immune response to infection or vaccination. To better define the role of atypical B cells in the human adaptive immune response, we performed single-cell sequencing of transcriptomes, cell surface markers, and B cell receptors in individuals with chronic exposure to the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, a condition known to lead to accumulation of circulating atypical B cells. We identified three previously uncharacterized populations of atypical B cells with distinct transcriptional and functional profiles and observed marked differences among these three subsets in their ability to produce immunoglobulin G upon T-cell-dependent activation. Our findings help explain the conflicting observations in prior studies regarding the function of atypical B cells and highlight their different roles in the adaptive immune response in chronic inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael A. Reyes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Gayani Batugedara
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Paramita Dutta
- Centers for Cancer Immunotherapy and Autoimmunity, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ashley B. Reers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Rolando Garza
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Isaac Ssewanyana
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Prasanna Jagannathan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Margaret E. Feeney
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Sebastiaan Bol
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ferhat Ay
- Centers for Cancer Immunotherapy and Autoimmunity, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Evelien M. Bunnik
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dooley NL, Chabikwa TG, Pava Z, Loughland JR, Hamelink J, Berry K, Andrew D, Soon MSF, SheelaNair A, Piera KA, William T, Barber BE, Grigg MJ, Engwerda CR, Lopez JA, Anstey NM, Boyle MJ. Single cell transcriptomics shows that malaria promotes unique regulatory responses across multiple immune cell subsets. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7387. [PMID: 37968278 PMCID: PMC10651914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum malaria drives immunoregulatory responses across multiple cell subsets, which protects from immunopathogenesis, but also hampers the development of effective anti-parasitic immunity. Understanding malaria induced tolerogenic responses in specific cell subsets may inform development of strategies to boost protective immunity during drug treatment and vaccination. Here, we analyse the immune landscape with single cell RNA sequencing during P. falciparum malaria. We identify cell type specific responses in sub-clustered major immune cell types. Malaria is associated with an increase in immunosuppressive monocytes, alongside NK and γδ T cells which up-regulate tolerogenic markers. IL-10-producing Tr1 CD4 T cells and IL-10-producing regulatory B cells are also induced. Type I interferon responses are identified across all cell types, suggesting Type I interferon signalling may be linked to induction of immunoregulatory networks during malaria. These findings provide insights into cell-specific and shared immunoregulatory changes during malaria and provide a data resource for further analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Dooley
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Zuleima Pava
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Julianne Hamelink
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kiana Berry
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dean Andrew
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Megan S F Soon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Arya SheelaNair
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kim A Piera
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Timothy William
- Infectious Diseases Society Kota Kinabalu Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Program, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bridget E Barber
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Kota Kinabalu Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Program, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Matthew J Grigg
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Kota Kinabalu Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Program, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - J Alejandro Lopez
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Anstey
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Kota Kinabalu Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Program, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Michelle J Boyle
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chung MKY, Gong L, Kwong DL, Lee VH, Lee AW, Guan X, Kam N, Dai W. Functions of double-negative B cells in autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancers. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17341. [PMID: 37272217 PMCID: PMC10493577 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202217341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most mature B cells can be divided into four subtypes based on the expression of the surface markers IgD and CD27: IgD+ CD27- naïve B cells, IgD+ CD27+ unswitched memory B cells, IgD- CD27+ switched memory B cells, and IgD- CD27- double-negative (DN) B cells. Despite their small population size in normal peripheral blood, DN B cells play integral roles in various diseases. For example, they generate autoimmunity in autoimmune conditions, while these cells may generate both autoimmune and antipathogenic responses in COVID-19, or act in a purely antipathogenic capacity in malaria. Recently, DN B cells have been identified in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and non-small-cell lung cancers, where they may play an immunosuppressive role. The distinct functions that DN B cells play in different diseases suggest that they are a heterogeneous B-cell population. Therefore, further study of the mechanisms underlying the involvement of DN B cells in these diseases is essential for understanding their pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic strategies. Further research is thus warranted to characterize the DN B-cell population in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael King Yung Chung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Lanqi Gong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Cancer Metastasis and Personalized TherapyThe University of Hong Kong‐Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Dora Lai‐Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Cancer Metastasis and Personalized TherapyThe University of Hong Kong‐Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Victor Ho‐Fun Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Cancer Metastasis and Personalized TherapyThe University of Hong Kong‐Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Ann Wing‐Mui Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Cancer Metastasis and Personalized TherapyThe University of Hong Kong‐Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Xin‐Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Cancer Metastasis and Personalized TherapyThe University of Hong Kong‐Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Ngar‐Woon Kam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyHong Kong (SAR)China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Cancer Metastasis and Personalized TherapyThe University of Hong Kong‐Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou Y, Chen Z, He Y, Peng X, Chang Y, Tan A, Li H, Cai D, Hu P, Chen M, Peng M, Xu H, Ren H. Humoral immune responses to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine up to 1 year in children with chronic hepatitis B infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1201101. [PMID: 37457966 PMCID: PMC10339386 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1201101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has recently been approved for children aged 3-17 years in China. However, data on long-term humoral responses to inactivated vaccines in children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are still limited. Methods In this prospective observational study, CHB children after primary inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were recruited consecutively and followed up for 1 year. CHB adults from another cohort study (NCT05007665) were used as a control. The receptor-binding domain IgG antibody (anti-RBD-IgG), neutralizing antibody (NAb), neutralization against Omicron (BA2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5), and memory B -cell (MBC) responses were evaluated. Results Overall, 115 CHB children and 351 CHB adults were included in this analysis. The antibody titers decreased over the first ~180 days and then plateaued up to 1 year in CHB children. However, lower and faster declines in antibody responses were observed in CHB adults. Interestingly, the seroprevalence of antibodies was still high after over 8 months in CHB children (anti-RBD-IgG [90%] and NAbs [83%]). However, neutralization against Omicron subvariants was significantly reduced in CHB children (-3.68-fold to -8.60-fold). Notably, neutralization against the BA.5 subvariant was obviously diminished in CHB children compared with adults. Moreover, CHB children had similar RBD-specific MBCs but higher RBD-specific atypical MBCs compared with adults. Conclusion Inactivated vaccination could elicit more robust and durable antibody responses to the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 strain in CHB children than in CHB adults but showed inferior responses to Omicron subvariants (especially to the BA.5 strain). Hence, new Omicron-related or all-in-one vaccines are needed immediately for CHB children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunan Chang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Aoxue Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dachuan Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingli Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zurbuchen Y, Michler J, Taeschler P, Adamo S, Cervia C, Raeber ME, Acar IE, Nilsson J, Warnatz K, Soyka MB, Moor AE, Boyman O. Human memory B cells show plasticity and adopt multiple fates upon recall response to SARS-CoV-2. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:955-965. [PMID: 37106039 PMCID: PMC10232369 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The B cell response to different pathogens uses tailored effector mechanisms and results in functionally specialized memory B (Bm) cell subsets, including CD21+ resting, CD21-CD27+ activated and CD21-CD27- Bm cells. The interrelatedness between these Bm cell subsets remains unknown. Here we showed that single severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific Bm cell clones showed plasticity upon antigen rechallenge in previously exposed individuals. CD21- Bm cells were the predominant subsets during acute infection and early after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific immunization. At months 6 and 12 post-infection, CD21+ resting Bm cells were the major Bm cell subset in the circulation and were also detected in peripheral lymphoid organs, where they carried tissue residency markers. Tracking of individual B cell clones by B cell receptor sequencing revealed that previously fated Bm cell clones could redifferentiate upon antigen rechallenge into other Bm cell subsets, including CD21-CD27- Bm cells, demonstrating that single Bm cell clones can adopt functionally different trajectories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Zurbuchen
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Michler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Taeschler
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Adamo
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Cervia
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miro E Raeber
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilhan E Acar
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael B Soyka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas E Moor
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang S, He J, Tang B, Zhou Q, Hu Y, Yu Y, Chen J, Liu Y, Li C, Ren H, Liao X. Cellular and Humoral Responses to Recombinant and Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in CKD Patients: An Observational Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031225. [PMID: 36769873 PMCID: PMC9918183 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unclear what B cell and humoral responses are mounted by chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in response to recombinant and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this study, we aimed to explore the cellular and humoral responses, and the safety of recombinant and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in CKD patients. METHODS 79 CKD and 420 non-CKD individuals, who completed a full course of vaccination, were enrolled in the study. Adverse events (AEs) were collected via a questionnaire. Cellular and humoral responses were detected at 1, 3, and 6 months, including IgG antibody against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-RBD-IgG), neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), the positive rate of NAbs and anti-RBD-IgG, RBD-atypical memory B cells (MBCs) (CD3 - CD19 + RBD + CD21 - CD27-), RBD-activated MBCs (CD3 - CD19 + RBD + CD21 - CD27+), RBD-resting MBCs (CD3 - CD19 + RBD + CD21 + CD27+), and RBD-intermediate MBCs (CD3 - CD19 + RBD + CD21 + CD27-). RESULTS We found no differences in the positivity rates of NAbs (70.89% vs. 79.49%, p = 0.212) and anti-RBD IgG (72.15% vs. 83.33%, p = 0.092) between the CKD and control groups. A total of 22 CKD individuals completed the full follow-up (1, 3, and 6 months). Significant and sustained declines were found at 3 months in anti-RBD IgG (26.64 BAU/mL vs. 9.08 BAU/mL, p < 0.001) and NAbs (161.60 IU/mL vs. 68.45 IU/mL p < 0.001), and at 6 months in anti-RBD IgG (9.08 BAU/mL vs. 5.40 BAU/mL, p = 0.064) and NAbs (68.45 IU/mL vs. 51.03 IU/mL, p = 0.001). Significant differences were identified in MBC subgroups between CKD patients and healthy controls, including RBD-specific atypical MBCs (60.5% vs. 17.9%, p < 0.001), RBD-specific activated MBCs (36.3% vs. 14.8%, p < 0.001), RBD-specific intermediate MBCs (1.24% vs. 42.6%, p < 0.001), and resting MBCs (1.34% vs. 22.4%, p < 0.001). Most AEs in CKD patients were mild (grade 1 and 2) and self-limiting. One patient with CKD presented with a recurrence of nephrotic syndrome after vaccination. CONCLUSIONS The recombinant and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was well-tolerated and showed a good response in the CKD cohort. Our study also revealed differences in MBC subtypes after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination between CKD patients and healthy controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siliang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jiaoxia He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yudong Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Chunmeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
- Correspondence: (H.R.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-023-6288814 (H.R.); Tel./Fax: +86-23-63713366 (X.L.)
| | - Xiaohui Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
- Correspondence: (H.R.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-023-6288814 (H.R.); Tel./Fax: +86-23-63713366 (X.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yu P, Liu Z, Zhu Z, Yang J, Deng M, Chen M, Lai C, Kong W, Xiong S, Wan L, Mai W, Chen L, Lei Y, Khan SA, Ruan J, Kang A, Guo X, Zhou Q, Li W, Chen Z, Liang Y, Li P, Zhang L, Ji T. Omicron variants breakthrough infection elicited higher specific memory immunity than third dose booster in healthy vaccinees. Virol Sin 2023; 38:233-243. [PMID: 36603767 PMCID: PMC10176432 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologous booster, heterologous booster, and Omicron variants breakthrough infection (OBI) could improve the humoral immunity against Omicron variants. Questions concerning about memory B cells (MBCs) and T cells immunity against Omicron variants, features of long-term immunity, after booster and OBI, needs to be explored. Here, comparative analysis demonstrate antibody and T cell immunity against ancestral strain, Delta and Omicron variants in Omicron breakthrough infected patients (OBIPs) are comparable to that in Ad5-nCoV boosted healthy volunteers (HVs), higher than that in inactivated vaccine (InV) boosted HVs. However, memory B cells (MBCs) immunity against Omicron variants was highest in OBIPs, followed by Ad5-nCoV boosted and InV boosted HVs. OBIPs and Ad5-nCoV boosted HVs have higher classical MBCs and activated MBCs, and lower naïve MBCs and atypical MBCs relative to both vaccine boosted HVs. Collectively, these data indicate Omicron breakthrough infection elicit higher MBCs and T cells against SARS-CoV-2 especially Omicron variants relative to homologous InV booster and heterologous Ad5-nCoV booster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Zijian Liu
- State Key Laboratories of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510535, China
| | - Zhuoqi Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, Dongguan Ninth People's Hospital, Dongguan, 523016, China
| | - Jiaqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Min Deng
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Mingxiao Chen
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Changchun Lai
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Weiya Kong
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Shilong Xiong
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Li Wan
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Weikang Mai
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Shahzad Akbar Khan
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Poonch Rawalakot Azad Kashmir Pakistan 12350, Pakistan
| | - Jianfeng Ruan
- Hospital Infection-Control Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - An Kang
- Medical Examination Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xuguang Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510140, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Wenrui Li
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, Dongguan Ninth People's Hospital, Dongguan, 523016, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Kidney Transplant Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Yuemei Liang
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, Dongguan Ninth People's Hospital, Dongguan, 523016, China.
| | - Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratories of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510535, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Kidney Transplant Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China; Department of Organ Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, China.
| | - Tianxing Ji
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beeson JG, Kurtovic L, Valim C, Asante KP, Boyle MJ, Mathanga D, Dobano C, Moncunill G. The RTS,S malaria vaccine: Current impact and foundation for the future. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabo6646. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo6646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The RTS,S vaccine has recently been recommended for implementation as a childhood vaccine in regions with moderate-to-high malaria transmission. We discuss mechanisms of vaccine protection and longevity, implementation considerations, and future research needed to increase the vaccine’s health impact, including vaccine modifications for higher efficacy and longevity of protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James G. Beeson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Central Clinical School and Department of Microbiology, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liriye Kurtovic
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Central Clinical School and Department of Microbiology, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clarissa Valim
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kwaku Poku Asante
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo North Municipality, Bono East Region, Ghana
| | - Michelle J. Boyle
- QIMR Berghofer Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Don Mathanga
- Malaria Alert Centre, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Carlota Dobano
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rivera-Correa J, Rodriguez A. Autoantibodies during infectious diseases: Lessons from malaria applied to COVID-19 and other infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:938011. [PMID: 36189309 PMCID: PMC9520403 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.938011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity is a common phenomenon reported in many globally relevant infections, including malaria and COVID-19. These and other highly inflammatory diseases have been associated with the presence of autoantibodies. The role that these autoantibodies play during infection has been an emerging topic of interest. The vast numbers of studies reporting a range of autoantibodies targeting cellular antigens, such as dsDNA and lipids, but also immune molecules, such as cytokines, during malaria, COVID-19 and other infections, underscore the importance that autoimmunity can play during infection. During both malaria and COVID-19, the presence of autoantibodies has been correlated with associated pathologies such as malarial anemia and severe COVID-19. Additionally, high levels of Atypical/Autoimmune B cells (ABCs and atypical B cells) have been observed in both diseases. The growing literature of autoimmune B cells, age-associated B cells and atypical B cells in Systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune disorders has identified recent mechanistic and cellular targets that could explain the development of autoantibodies during infection. These new findings establish a link between immune responses during infection and autoimmune disorders, highlighting shared mechanistic insights. In this review, we focus on the recent evidence of autoantibody generation during malaria and other infectious diseases and their potential pathological role, exploring possible mechanisms that may explain the development of autoimmunity during infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rivera-Correa
- Biological Sciences Department, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Juan Rivera-Correa,
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Olatunde AC, Cornwall DH, Roedel M, Lamb TJ. Mouse Models for Unravelling Immunology of Blood Stage Malaria. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1525. [PMID: 36146602 PMCID: PMC9501382 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria comprises a spectrum of disease syndromes and the immune system is a major participant in malarial disease. This is particularly true in relation to the immune responses elicited against blood stages of Plasmodium-parasites that are responsible for the pathogenesis of infection. Mouse models of malaria are commonly used to dissect the immune mechanisms underlying disease. While no single mouse model of Plasmodium infection completely recapitulates all the features of malaria in humans, collectively the existing models are invaluable for defining the events that lead to the immunopathogenesis of malaria. Here we review the different mouse models of Plasmodium infection that are available, and highlight some of the main contributions these models have made with regards to identifying immune mechanisms of parasite control and the immunopathogenesis of malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tracey J. Lamb
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Emma Eccles Jones Medical Research Building, 15 N Medical Drive E, Room 1420A, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Courey-Ghaouzi AD, Kleberg L, Sundling C. Alternative B Cell Differentiation During Infection and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908034. [PMID: 35812395 PMCID: PMC9263372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term protective immunity to infectious disease depends on cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. Induction of a strong humoral response relies on efficient B cell activation and differentiation to long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells. For many viral or bacterial infections, a single encounter is sufficient to induce such responses. In malaria, the induction of long-term immunity can take years of pathogen exposure to develop, if it occurs at all. This repeated pathogen exposure and suboptimal immune response coincide with the expansion of a subset of B cells, often termed atypical memory B cells. This subset is present at low levels in healthy individuals as well but it is observed to expand in an inflammatory context during acute and chronic infection, autoimmune diseases or certain immunodeficiencies. Therefore, it has been proposed that this subset is exhausted, dysfunctional, or potentially autoreactive, but its actual role has remained elusive. Recent reports have provided new information regarding both heterogeneity and expansion of these cells, in addition to indications on their potential role during normal immune responses to infection or vaccination. These new insights encourage us to rethink how and why they are generated and better understand their role in our complex immune system. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in our understanding of these enigmatic cells and highlight the remaining gaps that need to be filled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan-Dine Courey-Ghaouzi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linn Kleberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sundling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Christopher Sundling,
| |
Collapse
|