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Bandela M, Belvitch P, Garcia JGN, Dudek SM. Cortactin in Lung Cell Function and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4606. [PMID: 35562995 PMCID: PMC9101201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortactin (CTTN) is an actin-binding and cytoskeletal protein that is found in abundance in the cell cortex and other peripheral structures of most cell types. It was initially described as a target for Src-mediated phosphorylation at several tyrosine sites within CTTN, and post-translational modifications at these tyrosine sites are a primary regulator of its function. CTTN participates in multiple cellular functions that require cytoskeletal rearrangement, including lamellipodia formation, cell migration, invasion, and various other processes dependent upon the cell type involved. The role of CTTN in vascular endothelial cells is particularly important for promoting barrier integrity and inhibiting vascular permeability and tissue edema. To mediate its functional effects, CTTN undergoes multiple post-translational modifications and interacts with numerous other proteins to alter cytoskeletal structures and signaling mechanisms. In the present review, we briefly describe CTTN structure, post-translational modifications, and protein binding partners and then focus on its role in regulating cellular processes and well-established functional mechanisms, primarily in vascular endothelial cells and disease models. We then provide insights into how CTTN function affects the pathophysiology of multiple lung disorders, including acute lung injury syndromes, COPD, and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounica Bandela
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Patrick Belvitch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Steven M. Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
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2
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Grinshtain E, Shpungin S, Baum M, Nir U, Breitbart H. The Fer tyrosine kinase protects sperm from spontaneous acrosome reaction. Dev Biol 2022; 487:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Khanal P, Hotulainen P. Dendritic Spine Initiation in Brain Development, Learning and Diseases and Impact of BAR-Domain Proteins. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092392. [PMID: 34572042 PMCID: PMC8468246 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small, bulbous protrusions along neuronal dendrites where most of the excitatory synapses are located. Dendritic spine density in normal human brain increases rapidly before and after birth achieving the highest density around 2-8 years. Density decreases during adolescence, reaching a stable level in adulthood. The changes in dendritic spines are considered structural correlates for synaptic plasticity as well as the basis of experience-dependent remodeling of neuronal circuits. Alterations in spine density correspond to aberrant brain function observed in various neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Dendritic spine initiation affects spine density. In this review, we discuss the importance of spine initiation in brain development, learning, and potential complications resulting from altered spine initiation in neurological diseases. Current literature shows that two Bin Amphiphysin Rvs (BAR) domain-containing proteins, MIM/Mtss1 and SrGAP3, are involved in spine initiation. We review existing literature and open databases to discuss whether other BAR-domain proteins could also take part in spine initiation. Finally, we discuss the potential molecular mechanisms on how BAR-domain proteins could regulate spine initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Khanal
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- HiLIFE-Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirta Hotulainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- Correspondence:
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4
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Sharma A, Ahmad S, Ahmad T, Ali S, Syed MA. Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in lung disorders. Life Sci 2021; 284:119876. [PMID: 34389405 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are biosynthetic, bioenergetic, and signaling organelles which are critical for physiological adaptations and cellular stress responses to the environment. Various endogenous and environmental stress affects critical processes in mitochondrial homeostasis such as oxidative phosphorylation, biogenesis, mitochondrial redox system which leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals. The state of function of the mitochondrion is particularly dependent on the dynamic balance between mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion and fission, and degradation of damaged mitochondria by mitophagy. Increasing evidence has suggested a prominent role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the onset and progression of various lung pathologies, ranging from acute to chronic disorders. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the emerging findings of multifaceted regulations of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in normal lung homeostasis as well as the prominence of mitochondrial dysfunction as a determining factor in different lung disorders such as lung cancer, COPD, IPF, ALI/ARDS, BPD, and asthma. The review will contribute to the existing understanding of critical molecular machinery regulating mitochondrial dynamic state during these pathological states. Furthermore, we have also highlighted various molecular checkpoints involved in mitochondrial dynamics, which may serve as hopeful therapeutic targets for the development of potential therapies for these lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Sharma
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shaniya Ahmad
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advance Research and Studies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shakir Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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5
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The state of F-BAR domains as membrane-bound oligomeric platforms. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:644-655. [PMID: 33888395 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fes/Cip4 homology Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (F-BAR) domains, like all BAR domains, are dimeric units that oligomerize and bind membranes. F-BAR domains are generally coupled to additional domains that function in protein binding or have enzymatic activity. Because of their crescent shape and ability to oligomerize, F-BAR domains have been traditionally viewed as membrane-deformation modules. However, multiple independent studies have provided no evidence that certain F-BAR domains are able to tubulate membrane. Instead, a growing body of literature featuring structural, biochemical, biophysical, and microscopy-based studies supports the idea that the F-BAR domain family can be unified only by their ability to form oligomeric assemblies on membranes to provide platforms for molecular assembly.
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6
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Stricker HM, Rommerswinkel N, Keil S, Gnoth SA, Niggemann B, Dittmar T. The phospholipase D inhibitor FIPI potently blocks EGF-induced calcium signaling in human breast cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:43. [PMID: 33832505 PMCID: PMC8034102 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphotyrosine kinase (PTK)-mediated phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) signaling plays a crucial role in the release of the universal second messenger calcium from intracellular stores, which is mandatory for several cellular processes, including cell migration. However, PLC-γ1 could also be activated in a PTK-independent manner by phospholipase D (PLD)-derived phosphatidic acid (PA). Because both higher PLD expression levels and PLD activity have also been associated with breast cancer cell invasion and migration, we wondered whether there might be a link between PLD and PLC-γ1, which was investigated in this study. MATERIALS MDA-MB-468-NEO (EGFR positive) and MDA-MB-468-HER2 (EGFR and HER2 positive) human breast cancer cells were used in this study. The migratory behavior of the cells in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the PLD inhibitor 5-fluoro-2-indolyl-des-chlorohalopemide (FIPI) was analyzed using the 3D collagen matrix migration assay. Changes in cytosolic calcium levels in the presence of EGF, FIPI and Sig-1R agonists and antagonists as well as in PLD1 siRNA knockdown cells were determined by flow cytometry. Western blot analyses were performed to determine the basal expression levels and phosphorylation patterns of EGFR, HER2, AKT, MAPKp42/44, PLC-γ1 and Sig-1R. RESULTS The EGF-induced migration of MDA-MB-468-NEO and MDA-MB-468-HER2 cells was significantly impaired by FIPI. Likewise, FIPI also significantly abolished EGF-induced calcium release in both cell lines. However, neither the expression levels nor the phosphorylation patterns of EGFR, HER2, AKT, MAPKp42/44 and PLC-γ1 were markedly changed by FIPI. Knockdown of PLD1 expression by siRNA also significantly impaired EGF-induced calcium release in both cell lines. Targeting Sig-1R, which interacts with IP3R, with the antagonist BD1047 also abrogated EGF-induced calcium release. However, EGF-induced calcium release was also impaired if cells were treated with the Sig-1R agonists PRE084 and PPBP maleate. CONCLUSION In summary, blocking PLD activity with the specific inhibitor FIPI or knocking down PDL1 expression by siRNA significantly impaired EGF-induced calcium release in MDA-MB-468-NEO and MDA-MB-468-HER2 cells, likely indicating a connection between PLD activity and PLC-γ1-mediated calcium signaling. However, how PLD activity interferes with the release of calcium from intracellular stores remains unclear. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M. Stricker
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Nadine Rommerswinkel
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
- Community Hospital Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany
| | - Silvia Keil
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Niggemann
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Thomas Dittmar
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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Marciano O, Mehazri L, Shpungin S, Varvak A, Zacksenhaus E, Nir U. Fer and FerT Govern Mitochondrial Susceptibility to Metformin and Hypoxic Stress in Colon and Lung Carcinoma Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010097. [PMID: 33430475 PMCID: PMC7826929 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis is an important metabolic adaptation of cancer cells. However, there is growing evidence that reprogrammed mitochondria also play an important metabolic role in metastatic dissemination. Two constituents of the reprogrammed mitochondria of cancer cells are the intracellular tyrosine kinase Fer and its cancer- and sperm-specific variant, FerT. Here, we show that Fer and FerT control mitochondrial susceptibility to therapeutic and hypoxic stress in metastatic colon (SW620) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC-H1299) cells. Fer- and FerT-deficient SW620 and H1299 cells (SW∆Fer/FerT and H∆Fer/FerT cells, respectively) become highly sensitive to metformin treatment and to hypoxia under glucose-restrictive conditions. Metformin impaired mitochondrial functioning that was accompanied by ATP deficiency and robust death in SW∆Fer/FerT and H∆Fer/FerT cells compared to the parental SW620 and H1299 cells. Notably, selective knockout of the fer gene without affecting FerT expression reduced sensitivity to metformin and hypoxia seen in SW∆Fer/FerT cells. Thus, Fer and FerT modulate the mitochondrial susceptibility of metastatic cancer cells to hypoxia and metformin. Targeting Fer/FerT may therefore provide a novel anticancer treatment by efficient, selective, and more versatile disruption of mitochondrial function in malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odeya Marciano
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life-Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; (O.M.); (L.M.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Linoy Mehazri
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life-Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; (O.M.); (L.M.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Sally Shpungin
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life-Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; (O.M.); (L.M.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Alexander Varvak
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life-Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; (O.M.); (L.M.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Laboratory of Medicine & Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M1, Canada;
| | - Uri Nir
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life-Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; (O.M.); (L.M.); (S.S.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-52-4416968
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8
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New Era of Diacylglycerol Kinase, Phosphatidic Acid and Phosphatidic Acid-Binding Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186794. [PMID: 32947951 PMCID: PMC7555651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) phosphorylates diacylglycerol (DG) to generate phosphatidic acid (PA). Mammalian DGK consists of ten isozymes (α–κ) and governs a wide range of physiological and pathological events, including immune responses, neuronal networking, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, fragile X syndrome, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. DG and PA comprise diverse molecular species that have different acyl chains at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. Because the DGK activity is essential for phosphatidylinositol turnover, which exclusively produces 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-DG, it has been generally thought that all DGK isozymes utilize the DG species derived from the turnover. However, it was recently revealed that DGK isozymes, except for DGKε, phosphorylate diverse DG species, which are not derived from phosphatidylinositol turnover. In addition, various PA-binding proteins (PABPs), which have different selectivities for PA species, were recently found. These results suggest that DGK–PA–PABP axes can potentially construct a large and complex signaling network and play physiologically and pathologically important roles in addition to DGK-dependent attenuation of DG–DG-binding protein axes. For example, 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-PA produced by DGKδ interacts with and activates Praja-1, the E3 ubiquitin ligase acting on the serotonin transporter, which is a target of drugs for obsessive-compulsive and major depressive disorders, in the brain. This article reviews recent research progress on PA species produced by DGK isozymes, the selective binding of PABPs to PA species and a phosphatidylinositol turnover-independent DG supply pathway.
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9
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Liu Y, McDonald NA, Naegele SM, Gould KL, Wu JQ. The F-BAR Domain of Rga7 Relies on a Cooperative Mechanism of Membrane Binding with a Partner Protein during Fission Yeast Cytokinesis. Cell Rep 2020; 26:2540-2548.e4. [PMID: 30840879 PMCID: PMC6425953 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
F-BAR proteins bind the plasma membrane (PM) to scaffold and organize the actin cytoskeleton. To understand how F-BAR proteins achieve their PM association, we studied the localization of a Schizosaccharomyces pombe F-BAR protein Rga7, which requires the coiled-coil protein Rng10 for targeting to the division site during cytokinesis. We find that the Rga7 F-BAR domain directly binds a motif in Rng10 simultaneously with the PM, and that an adjacent Rng10 motif independently binds the PM. Together, these multivalent interactions significantly enhance Rga7 F-BAR avidity for membranes at physiological protein concentrations, ensuring the division site localization of Rga7. Moreover, the requirement for the F-BAR domain in Rga7 localization and function in cytokinesis is bypassed by tethering an Rga7 construct lacking its F-BAR to Rng10, indicating that at least some F-BAR domains are necessary but not sufficient for PM targeting and are stably localized to specific cortical positions through adaptor proteins. Liu et al. show that the Rga7 F-BAR domain binds an adaptor protein Rng10, which contains a second membrane-binding module, to enhance Rga7 membrane avidity and stabilize its membrane association. The authors reveal a mechanism by which F-BAR domains can achieve high-avidity binding with the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nathan A McDonald
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Shelby M Naegele
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kathleen L Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
| | - Jian-Qiu Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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10
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Yao Y, Wang X, Li H, Fan J, Qian X, Li H, Xu Y. Phospholipase D as a key modulator of cancer progression. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:911-935. [PMID: 32073216 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipase D (PLD) family has a ubiquitous expression in cells. PLD isoforms (PLDs) and their hydrolysate phosphatidic acid (PA) have been demonstrated to engage in multiple stages of cancer progression. Aberrant expression of PLDs, especially PLD1 and PLD2, has been detected in various cancers. Inhibition or elimination of PLDs activity has been shown to reduce tumour growth and metastasis. PLDs and PA also serve as downstream effectors of various cell-surface receptors, to trigger and regulate propagation of intracellular signals in the process of tumourigenesis and metastasis. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the functions of PLDs and PA in discrete stages of cancer progression, including cancer cell growth, invasion and migration, and angiogenesis, with special emphasis on the tumour-associated signalling pathways mediated by PLDs and PA and the functional importance of PLDs and PA in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfa Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanbing Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiannan Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingke Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Mangione MC, Snider CE, Gould KL. The intrinsically disordered region of the cytokinetic F-BAR protein Cdc15 performs a unique essential function in maintenance of cytokinetic ring integrity. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:2790-2801. [PMID: 31509478 PMCID: PMC6789166 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-06-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful separation of two daughter cells (i.e., cytokinesis) is essential for life. Many eukaryotic cells divide using a contractile apparatus called the cytokinetic ring (CR) that associates dynamically with the plasma membrane (PM) and generates force that contributes to PM ingression between daughter cells. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, important membrane-CR scaffolds include the paralogous F-BAR proteins Cdc15 and Imp2. Their conserved protein structure consists of the archetypal F-BAR domain linked to an SH3 domain by an intrinsically disordered region (IDR). Functions have been assigned to the F-BAR and SH3 domains. In this study we probed the function of the central IDR. We found that the IDR of Cdc15 is essential for viability and cannot be replaced by that of Imp2, whereas the F-BAR domain of Cdc15 can be swapped with several different F-BAR domains, including that of Imp2. Deleting part of the IDR results in CR defects and abolishes calcineurin phosphatase localization to the CR. Together these results indicate that Cdc15's IDR has a nonredundant essential function that coordinates regulation of CR architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- MariaSanta C. Mangione
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Chloe E. Snider
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Kathleen L. Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240
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12
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Drexler HCA, Vockel M, Polaschegg C, Frye M, Peters K, Vestweber D. Vascular Endothelial Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase: Identification of Novel Substrates Related to Junctions and a Ternary Complex with EPHB4 and TIE2. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:2058-2077. [PMID: 31427368 PMCID: PMC6773558 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP, PTPRB) is a receptor type phosphatase that is crucial for the regulation of endothelial junctions and blood vessel development. We and others have shown recently that VE-PTP regulates vascular integrity by dephosphorylating substrates that are key players in endothelial junction stability, such as the angiopoietin receptor TIE2, the endothelial adherens junction protein VE-cadherin and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor VEGFR2. Here, we have systematically searched for novel substrates of VE-PTP in endothelial cells by utilizing two approaches. First, we studied changes in the endothelial phosphoproteome on exposing cells to a highly VE-PTP-specific phosphatase inhibitor followed by affinity isolation and mass-spectrometric analysis of phosphorylated proteins by phosphotyrosine-specific antibodies. Second, we used a substrate trapping mutant of VE-PTP to pull down phosphorylated substrates in combination with SILAC-based quantitative mass spectrometry measurements. We identified a set of substrate candidates of VE-PTP, of which a remarkably large fraction (29%) is related to cell junctions. Several of those were found in both screens and displayed very high connectivity in predicted functional interaction networks. The receptor protein tyrosine kinase EPHB4 was the most prominently phosphorylated protein on VE-PTP inhibition among those VE-PTP targets that were identified by both proteomic approaches. Further analysis revealed that EPHB4 forms a ternary complex with VE-PTP and TIE2 in endothelial cells. VE-PTP controls the phosphorylation of each of these two tyrosine kinase receptors. Despite their simultaneous presence in a ternary complex, stimulating each of the receptors with their own specific ligand did not cross-activate the respective partner receptor. Our systematic approach has led to the identification of novel substrates of VE-PTP, of which many are relevant for the control of cellular junctions further promoting the importance of VE-PTP as a key player of junctional signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes C A Drexler
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Matthias Vockel
- Department of Vascular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Polaschegg
- Department of Vascular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Maike Frye
- Department of Vascular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Department of Vascular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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13
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Matsuura Y. High-resolution structural analysis shows how different crystallographic environments can induce alternative modes of binding of a phosphotyrosine peptide to the SH2 domain of Fer tyrosine kinase. Protein Sci 2019; 28:2011-2019. [PMID: 31441171 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fes and Fes-related (Fer) protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) comprise a subfamily of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases characterized by a unique multidomain structure composed of an N-terminal Fer/CIP4 homology-Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (F-BAR) domain, a central Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, and a C-terminal PTK domain. Fer is ubiquitously expressed, and upregulation of Fer has been implicated in various human cancers. The PTK activity of Fes has been shown to be positively regulated by the binding of phosphotyrosine-containing ligands to the SH2 domain. Here, the X-ray crystal structure of human Fer SH2 domain bound to a phosphopeptide that has D-E-pY-E-N-V-D sequence is reported at 1.37 å resolution. The asymmetric unit (ASU) contains six Fer-phosphopeptide complexes, and the structure reveals three distinct binding modes for the same phosphopeptide. At four out of the six binding sites in the ASU, the phosphopeptide binds to Fer SH2 domain in a type I β-turn conformation, and this could be the optimal binding mode of this phosphopeptide. At the other two binding sites in the ASU, it appears that spatial proximity of neighboring SH2 domains in the crystal induces alternative modes of binding of this phosphopeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Matsuura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Structural Biology Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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14
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Taylor KL, Taylor RJ, Richters KE, Huynh B, Carrington J, McDermott ME, Wilson RL, Dent EW. Opposing functions of F-BAR proteins in neuronal membrane protrusion, tubule formation, and neurite outgrowth. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/3/e201800288. [PMID: 31160379 PMCID: PMC6549137 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurite formation is a fundamental antecedent to axon and dendrite formation, but the mechanisms that underlie this important process are poorly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that two F-BAR proteins, CIP4 and FBP17, have opposing functions in early cortical neuron development. The F-BAR family of proteins play important roles in many cellular processes by regulating both membrane and actin dynamics. The CIP4 family of F-BAR proteins is widely recognized to function in endocytosis by elongating endocytosing vesicles. However, in primary cortical neurons, CIP4 concentrates at the tips of extending lamellipodia and filopodia and inhibits neurite outgrowth. Here, we report that the highly homologous CIP4 family member, FBP17, induces tubular structures in primary cortical neurons and results in precocious neurite formation. Through domain swapping and deletion experiments, we demonstrate that a novel polybasic region between the F-BAR and HR1 domains is required for membrane bending. Moreover, the presence of a poly-PxxP region in longer splice isoforms of CIP4 and FBP17 largely reverses the localization and function of these proteins. Thus, CIP4 and FBP17 function as an antagonistic pair to fine-tune membrane protrusion, endocytosis, and neurite formation during early neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L Taylor
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Neuroscience Training Program, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Russell J Taylor
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Neuroscience Training Program, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Karl E Richters
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Neuroscience, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brandon Huynh
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Neuroscience, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Justin Carrington
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Neuroscience, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Maeve E McDermott
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Neuroscience, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rebecca L Wilson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Neuroscience, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erik W Dent
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Neuroscience, Madison, WI, USA
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15
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Suryadevara V, Huang L, Kim SJ, Cheresh P, Shaaya M, Bandela M, Fu P, Feghali-Bostwick C, Di Paolo G, Kamp DW, Natarajan V. Role of phospholipase D in bleomycin-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial DNA damage, and pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L175-L187. [PMID: 31090437 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00320.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a pernicious lung disease characterized by alveolar epithelial apoptosis, dysregulated repair of epithelial injury, scar formation, and respiratory failure. In this study, we identified phospholipase D (PLD)-generated phosphatidic acid (PA) signaling in the development of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Of the PLD isoenzymes, the protein expression of PLD2, but not PLD1, was upregulated in lung tissues from IPF patients and bleomycin challenged mice. Both PLD1 (Pld1-/-)- and PLD2 (Pld2-/-)-deficient mice were protected against bleomycin-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis, thereby establishing the role of PLD in fibrogenesis. The role of PLD1 and PLD2 in bleomycin-induced lung epithelial injury was investigated by infecting bronchial airway epithelial cells (Beas2B) with catalytically inactive mutants of PLD (hPLD1-K898R or mPld2-K758R) or downregulation of expression of PLD1 or PLD2 with siRNA. Bleomycin stimulated mitochondrial (mt) superoxide production, mtDNA damage, and apoptosis in Beas2B cells, which was attenuated by the catalytically inactive mutants of PLD or PLD2 siRNA. These results show a role for PLD1 and PLD2 in bleomycin-induced generation of mt reactive oxygen species, mt DNA damage, and apoptosis of lung epithelial cells in mice. Thus, PLD may be a novel therapeutic target in ameliorating experimental PF in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyani Suryadevara
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Longshuang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Seok-Jo Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Jesse Brown VA Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paul Cheresh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Jesse Brown VA Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark Shaaya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mounica Bandela
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Panfeng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center , New York, New York
| | - David W Kamp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Jesse Brown VA Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
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16
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Taniguchi T, Inagaki H, Baba D, Yasumatsu I, Toyota A, Kaneta Y, Kiga M, Iimura S, Odagiri T, Shibata Y, Ueda K, Seo M, Shimizu H, Imaoka T, Nakayama K. Discovery of Novel Pyrido-pyridazinone Derivatives as FER Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors with Antitumor Activity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:737-742. [PMID: 31097992 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain a new anticancer drug, we focused on FER tyrosine kinase. Starting with high-throughput screening with our in-house chemical library, compound 1, which has a pyridine moiety, was found. Referring to their X-ray crystal structure with FES proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase, as a surrogate of FER followed by chemical modification including scaffold hopping of the pyridine template, we discovered pyrido-pyridazinone derivatives with potent FER kinase inhibitory activity. Here, we disclose the structure-activity relationship on the scaffold and representative compound 21 (DS21360717), which showed in vivo antitumor efficacy in a subcutaneous tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Taniguchi
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Inagaki
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Daichi Baba
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 3-5-1 Nihonbashi-honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8426, Japan
| | - Isao Yasumatsu
- Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Akiko Toyota
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kaneta
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Masaki Kiga
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Shin Iimura
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Takashi Odagiri
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shibata
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Kiyono Ueda
- Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Maki Seo
- Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Tomoki Imaoka
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Nakayama
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 3-5-1 Nihonbashi-honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8426, Japan
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17
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Targeting FER Kinase Inhibits Melanoma Growth and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030419. [PMID: 30909648 PMCID: PMC6468679 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive types of tumors and exhibits high metastatic potential. Fes-related (FER) kinase is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in growth and metastasis of various epithelial tumors. In this study, we have examined the role that FER kinase plays in melanoma at the molecular level. FER-depleted melanoma cells exhibit impaired Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity, as well as multiple proteomic changes, which include decreased abundance of L1-cell adhesion molecule (L1-CAM). Consistent with the pro-metastatic functions of these pathways, we demonstrate that depletion of FER kinase decreases melanoma growth and formation of distant metastases in a xenograft model. These findings indicate that FER is an important positive regulator of melanoma metastasis and a potential target for innovative therapies.
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18
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), and exosomes in particular, were initially considered as "garbage bags" for secretion of undesired cellular components. This view has changed considerably over the last two decades, and exosomes have now emerged as important organelles controlling cell-to-cell signaling. They are present in biological fluids and have important roles in the communication between cells in physiological and pathological processes. They are envisioned for clinical use as carriers of biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and vehicles for drug delivery. Important efforts are being made to characterize the contents of these vesicles and to understand the mechanisms that govern their biogenesis and modes of action. This chapter aims to recapitulate the place given to lipids in our understanding of exosome biology. Besides their structural role and their function as carriers, certain lipids and lipid-modifying enzymes seem to exert privileged functions in this mode of cellular communication. By extension, the use of selective "lipid inhibitors" might turn out to be interesting modulators of exosomal-based cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Luis Egea-Jimenez
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2018, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Department of Human Genetics, K. U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pascale Zimmermann
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2018, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France. .,Department of Human Genetics, K. U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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19
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Fathi NN, Mohammad DK, Görgens A, Andaloussi SE, Zain R, Nore BF, Smith CIE. Translocation-generated ITK-FER and ITK-SYK fusions induce STAT3 phosphorylation and CD69 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:749-752. [PMID: 30217447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many cancer types carry mutations in protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) and such alterations frequently drive tumor progression. One category is gene translocation of PTKs yielding chimeric proteins with transforming capacity. In this study, we characterized the role of ITK-FER [Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell Kinase (ITK) gene fused with Feline Encephalitis Virus-Related kinase (FER) gene] and ITK-SYK [Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell Kinase (ITK) gene fused with the Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK)] in Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma (PTCL) signaling. We observed an induction of tyrosine phosphorylation events in the presence of both ITK-FER and ITK-SYK. The downstream targets of ITK-FER and ITK-SYK were explored and STAT3 was found to be highly phosphorylated by these fusion kinases. In addition, the CD69 T-cell activation marker was significantly elevated. Apart from tyrosine kinase inhibitors acting directly on the fusions, we believe that drugs acting on downstream targets could serve as alternative cancer therapies for fusion PTKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmeen N Fathi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Iraq
| | - Dara K Mohammad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, 44002, Erbil, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Iraq
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rula Zain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre for Rare Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beston F Nore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Iraq.
| | - C I Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden.
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20
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Spatial regulation of signaling by the coordinated action of the protein tyrosine kinases MET and FER. Cell Signal 2018; 50:100-110. [PMID: 29920310 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A critical aspect of understanding the regulation of signal transduction is not only to identify the protein-protein interactions that govern assembly of signaling pathways, but also to understand how those pathways are regulated in time and space. In this report, we have applied both gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses to assess the role of the non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase FER in activation of the HGF Receptor protein tyrosine kinase MET. Overexpression of FER led to direct phosphorylation of several signaling sites in MET, including Tyr1349, but not the activation loop residues Tyr1234/5; in contrast, suppression of FER by RNAi revealed that phosphorylation of both a C-terminal signaling site (Tyr1349) and the activation loop (Tyr1234/5) were influenced by the function of this kinase. Adaptin β, a component of the adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2) that links clathrin to receptors in coated vesicles, was recruited to MET following FER-mediated phosphorylation. Furthermore, we provide evidence to support a role of FER in maintaining plasma membrane distribution of MET and thereby delaying protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B-mediated inactivation of the receptor. Simultaneous up-regulation of FER and down-regulation of PTP1B observed in ovarian carcinoma-derived cell lines would be expected to contribute to persistent activation of HGF-MET signaling, suggesting that targeting of both FER and MET may be an effective strategy for therapeutic intervention in ovarian cancer.
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21
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Egea-Jimenez AL, Zimmermann P. Phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid in the biogenesis and cargo loading of extracellular vesicles. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1554-1560. [PMID: 29853529 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r083964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles released by viable cells (exosomes and microvesicles) have emerged as important organelles supporting cell-cell communication. Because of their potential therapeutic significance, important efforts are being made toward characterizing the contents of these vesicles and the mechanisms that govern their biogenesis. It has been recently demonstrated that the lipid modifying enzyme, phospholipase D (PLD)2, is involved in exosome production and acts downstream of the small GTPase, ARF6. This review aims to recapitulate our current knowledge of the role of PLD2 and its product, phosphatidic acid, in the biogenesis of exosomes and to propose hypotheses for further investigation of a possible central role of these molecules in the biology of these organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Luis Egea-Jimenez
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Equipe labellisée LIGUE 2018, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille F-13284, France and Inserm U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, and CNRS UMR7258, Marseille F-13009, France
| | - Pascale Zimmermann
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Equipe labellisée LIGUE 2018, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille F-13284, France and Inserm U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, and CNRS UMR7258, Marseille F-13009, France; Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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22
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Stanicka J, Rieger L, O’Shea S, Cox O, Coleman M, O’Flanagan C, Addario B, McCabe N, Kennedy R, O’Connor R. FES-related tyrosine kinase activates the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor at sites of cell adhesion. Oncogene 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Fan G. FER mediated HGF-independent regulation of HGFR/MET activates RAC1-PAK1 pathway to potentiate metastasis in ovarian cancer. Small GTPases 2018; 11:155-159. [PMID: 29099290 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1379931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled metastasis significantly contributes to high lethality of patients suffering from ovarian cancer. To date, the detailed molecular mechanisms which account for ovarian tumor cell spreading and metastasis remain largely unknown. In a recent study, we have demonstrated that aberrantly high expression of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase FER is responsible for ovarian tumor cell metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we indentified Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor HGFR/MET as a novel substrate of FER, and through which the kinase FER modulates ovarian cancer cell motility and invasiveness in a ligand-independent manner. We also observed aberrantly high expression of PAK1 kinase in cancer cells, and RNAi-mediated knockdown of FER kinase inactivated the RAC1-PAK1 signaling pathway and decreased metastatic potential of CAOV4 ovarian cancer cells. Overall, our study revealed a previously uncharacterized, pro-metastatic role of the kinase FER in ovarian cancer through the MET-RAC1-PAK1 pathway. Further efforts are essential to investigating beneficial outcomes towards targeting the RAC1-PAK1 signaling pathway in reducing metastatic burden of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Yamamoto H, Kondo A, Itoh T. A curvature-dependent membrane binding by tyrosine kinase Fer involves an intrinsically disordered region. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1522-1527. [PMID: 29208465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases are important enzymes that mediate signal transduction at the plasma membrane. While the significance of membrane localization of tyrosine kinases has been well evaluated, the role of membrane curvature in their regulation is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that an intrinsically disordered region in the tyrosine kinase Fer acts as a membrane curvature sensor that preferentially binds to highly curved membranes in vitro. This region forms an amphipathic α-helix upon interaction with curved membranes, aligning hydrophobic residues on one side of the helical structure. Further, the tyrosine kinase activity of Fer is significantly enhanced by the membrane in a manner dependent on curvature. We propose a model for the regulation of Fer based on an intramolecular interaction and the curvature-dependent membrane binding mediated by its intrinsically disordered region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Yamamoto
- Division of Membrane Biology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kondo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Toshiki Itoh
- Division of Membrane Biology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
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25
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Fan G, Zhang S, Gao Y, Greer PA, Tonks NK. HGF-independent regulation of MET and GAB1 by nonreceptor tyrosine kinase FER potentiates metastasis in ovarian cancer. Genes Dev 2017; 30:1542-57. [PMID: 27401557 PMCID: PMC4949327 DOI: 10.1101/gad.284166.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Fan et al. report a novel ligand- and autophosphorylation-independent activation of MET through the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase FER. The findings show that levels of FER were elevated in ovarian cancer cell lines and that loss of FER impaired the metastasis of ovarian cancer cells in vivo, providing new insights into signaling events that underlie metastasis in ovarian cancer cells. Ovarian cancer cells disseminate readily within the peritoneal cavity, which promotes metastasis, and are often resistant to chemotherapy. Ovarian cancer patients tend to present with advanced disease, which also limits treatment options; consequently, new therapies are required. The oncoprotein tyrosine kinase MET, which is the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), has been implicated in ovarian tumorigenesis and has been the subject of extensive drug development efforts. Here, we report a novel ligand- and autophosphorylation-independent activation of MET through the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase feline sarcoma-related (FER). We demonstrated that the levels of FER were elevated in ovarian cancer cell lines relative to those in immortalized normal surface epithelial cells and that suppression of FER attenuated the motility and invasive properties of these cancer cells. Furthermore, loss of FER impaired the metastasis of ovarian cancer cells in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that FER phosphorylated a signaling site in MET: Tyr1349. This enhanced activation of RAC1/PAK1 and promoted a kinase-independent scaffolding function that led to recruitment and phosphorylation of GAB1 and the specific activation of the SHP2–ERK signaling pathway. Overall, this analysis provides new insights into signaling events that underlie metastasis in ovarian cancer cells, consistent with a prometastatic role of FER and highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic target for metastatic ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Fan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Peter A Greer
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Nicholas K Tonks
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
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26
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Ji T, Li S, Huang M, Di Q, Wang X, Wei M, Shi Q, Li Y, Gong B, Yang F. Overexpression of Cucumber Phospholipase D alpha Gene ( CsPLDα) in Tobacco Enhanced Salinity Stress Tolerance by Regulating Na +-K + Balance and Lipid Peroxidation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:499. [PMID: 28439282 PMCID: PMC5383712 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant phospholipase D (PLD), which can hydrolyze membrane phospholipids to produce phosphatidic acid (PA), a secondary signaling molecule, has been proposed to function in diverse plant stress responses. In this research, we characterized the roles of the cucumber phospholipase D alpha gene (PLDα, GenBank accession number EF363796) in growth and tolerance to short- and long-term salt stress in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Fresh and dry weights of roots, PLD activity and content, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene expression, Na+-K+ homeostasis, expression of genes encoding ion exchange, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and osmotic adjustment substances were investigated in wild type (WT) and CsPLDα-overexpression tobacco lines grown under short- and long-term high salt (250 mM) stress. Under short-term stress (5 h), in both overexpression lines, the PA content, and the expression levels of MAPK and several genes related to ion exchange (NtNHX1, NtNKT1, NtHAK1, NtNHA1, NtVAG1), were promoted by high PLD activity. Meanwhile, the Na+/K+ ratio decreased. Under long-term stress (16 days), ROS scavenging systems (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase activities) in leaves of transgenic lines were more active than those in WT plants. Meanwhile, the contents of proline, soluble sugar, and soluble protein significantly increased. In contrast, the contents of O2•- and H2O2, the electrolytic leakage and the accumulation of malondialdehyde in leaves significantly decreased. The root fresh and dry weights of the overexpression lines increased significantly. Na+-K+ homeostasis had the same trend as under the short-term treatment. These findings suggested that CsPLDα-produced PA can activate the downstream signals' adaptive response to alleviate the damage of salt stress, and the main strategies for adaptation to salt stress are the accumulation of osmoprotective compounds, maintaining Na+-K+ homeostasis and the scavenging of ROS, which function in the osmotic balancing and structural stabilization of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an, China
| | - Shuzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an, China
| | - Meili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an, China
| | - Qinghua Di
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an, China
| | - Xiufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Huanghuai Region), Ministry of AgricultureTai’an, China
| | - Min Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an, China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Huanghuai Region), Ministry of AgricultureTai’an, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an, China
| | - Biao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an, China
| | - Fengjuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Huanghuai Region), Ministry of AgricultureTai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Fengjuan Yang,
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Abstract
As cells grow, move, and divide, they must reorganize and rearrange their membranes and cytoskeleton. The F-BAR protein family links cellular membranes with actin cytoskeletal rearrangements in processes including endocytosis, cytokinesis, and cell motility. Here we review emerging information on mechanisms of F-BAR domain oligomerization and membrane binding, and how these activities are coordinated with additional domains to accomplish scaffolding and signaling functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A McDonald
- a Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Kathleen L Gould
- a Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
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Oligomerization but Not Membrane Bending Underlies the Function of Certain F-BAR Proteins in Cell Motility and Cytokinesis. Dev Cell 2016; 35:725-36. [PMID: 26702831 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
F-BAR proteins function in diverse cellular processes by linking membranes to the actin cytoskeleton. Through oligomerization, multiple F-BAR domains can bend membranes into tubules, though the physiological importance of F-BAR-to-F-BAR assemblies is not yet known. Here, we investigate the F-BAR domain of the essential cytokinetic scaffold, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Cdc15, during cytokinesis. Challenging a widely held view that membrane deformation is a fundamental property of F-BARs, we report that the Cdc15 F-BAR binds, but does not deform, membranes in vivo or in vitro, and six human F-BAR domains-including those from Fer and RhoGAP4-share this property. Nevertheless, tip-to-tip interactions between F-BAR dimers are critical for Cdc15 oligomerization and high-avidity membrane binding, stabilization of contractile ring components at the medial cortex, and the fidelity of cytokinesis. F-BAR oligomerization is also critical for Fer and RhoGAP4 physiological function, demonstrating its broad importance to F-BAR proteins that function without membrane bending.
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Bruntz RC, Lindsley CW, Brown HA. Phospholipase D signaling pathways and phosphatidic acid as therapeutic targets in cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 66:1033-79. [PMID: 25244928 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D is a ubiquitous class of enzymes that generates phosphatidic acid as an intracellular signaling species. The phospholipase D superfamily plays a central role in a variety of functions in prokaryotes, viruses, yeast, fungi, plants, and eukaryotic species. In mammalian cells, the pathways modulating catalytic activity involve a variety of cellular signaling components, including G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, polyphosphatidylinositol lipids, Ras/Rho/ADP-ribosylation factor GTPases, and conventional isoforms of protein kinase C, among others. Recent findings have shown that phosphatidic acid generated by phospholipase D plays roles in numerous essential cellular functions, such as vesicular trafficking, exocytosis, autophagy, regulation of cellular metabolism, and tumorigenesis. Many of these cellular events are modulated by the actions of phosphatidic acid, and identification of two targets (mammalian target of rapamycin and Akt kinase) has especially highlighted a role for phospholipase D in the regulation of cellular metabolism. Phospholipase D is a regulator of intercellular signaling and metabolic pathways, particularly in cells that are under stress conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the regulation of phospholipase D activity and its modulation of cellular signaling pathways and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C Bruntz
- Department of Pharmacology (R.C.B., C.W.L., H.A.B.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (C.W.L., H.A.B.); Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry for Accelerated Probe Development (C.W.L.); and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (H.A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology (R.C.B., C.W.L., H.A.B.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (C.W.L., H.A.B.); Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry for Accelerated Probe Development (C.W.L.); and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (H.A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - H Alex Brown
- Department of Pharmacology (R.C.B., C.W.L., H.A.B.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (C.W.L., H.A.B.); Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry for Accelerated Probe Development (C.W.L.); and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (H.A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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30
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Phosphatidic Acid Increases Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression by Stabilizing mRNA Decay and by Inhibiting Lysosomal and Proteasomal Degradation of the Internalized Receptor. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:3131-44. [PMID: 26124282 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00286-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the frequent mechanisms implicated in cancer progression, and so is the overexpression of the enzyme phospholipase D (PLD) and its reaction product, phosphatidic acid (PA). However, an understanding of how these signaling molecules interact at the level of gene expression is lacking. Catalytically active PLD enhanced expression of EGFR in human breast cancer cells. Overexpression of the PLD2 isoform increased EGFR mRNA and protein expression. It also negated an EGFR downregulation mediated by small interfering RNA targeting EGFR (siEGFR). Several mechanisms contributed to the alteration in EGFR expression. First was the stabilization of EGFR transcripts as PLD2 delayed mRNA decay, which prolonged their half-lives. Second, RNase enzymatic activity was inhibited by PA. Third, protein stabilization also occurred, as indicated by PLD resistance to cycloheximide-induced EGFR protein degradation. Fourth, PA inhibited lysosomal and proteasomal degradation of internalized EGFR. PLD2 and EGFR colocalized at the cell membrane, and JAK3 phosphorylation at Tyr980/Tyr981 followed receptor endocytosis. Further, the presence of PLD2 increased stabilization of intracellular EGFR in large recycling vesicles at ∼15 min of EGF stimulation. Thus, PLD2-mediated production of PA contributed to the control of EGFR exposure to ligand through a multipronged transcriptional and posttranscriptional program during the out-of-control accumulation of EGFR signaling in cancer cells.
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31
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Liu S, Xiong X, Zhao X, Yang X, Wang H. F-BAR family proteins, emerging regulators for cell membrane dynamic changes-from structure to human diseases. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:47. [PMID: 25956236 PMCID: PMC4437251 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cell membrane dynamics change in curvature during physiological and pathological processes. In the past ten years, a novel protein family, Fes/CIP4 homology-Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (F-BAR) domain proteins, has been identified to be the most important coordinators in membrane curvature regulation. The F-BAR domain family is a member of the Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain superfamily that is associated with dynamic changes in cell membrane. However, the molecular basis in membrane structure regulation and the biological functions of F-BAR protein are unclear. The pathophysiological role of F-BAR protein is unknown. This review summarizes the current understanding of structure and function in the BAR domain superfamily, classifies F-BAR family proteins into nine subfamilies based on domain structure, and characterizes F-BAR protein structure, domain interaction, and functional relevance. In general, F-BAR protein binds to cell membrane via F-BAR domain association with membrane phospholipids and initiates membrane curvature and scission via Src homology-3 (SH3) domain interaction with its partner proteins. This process causes membrane dynamic changes and leads to seven important cellular biological functions, which include endocytosis, phagocytosis, filopodium, lamellipodium, cytokinesis, adhesion, and podosome formation, via distinct signaling pathways determined by specific domain-binding partners. These cellular functions play important roles in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. We further summarize F-BAR protein expression and mutation changes observed in various diseases and developmental disorders. Considering the structure feature and functional implication of F-BAR proteins, we anticipate that F-BAR proteins modulate physiological and pathophysiological processes via transferring extracellular materials, regulating cell trafficking and mobility, presenting antigens, mediating extracellular matrix degradation, and transmitting signaling for cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China. .,Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Xinyu Xiong
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Xianxian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Center for Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China. .,Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Center for Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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32
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Tsujita K, Takenawa T, Itoh T. Feedback regulation between plasma membrane tension and membrane-bending proteins organizes cell polarity during leading edge formation. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:749-58. [PMID: 25938814 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tension applied to the plasma membrane (PM) is a global mechanical parameter involved in cell migration. However, how membrane tension regulates actin assembly is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that FBP17, a membrane-bending protein and an activator of WASP/N-WASP-dependent actin nucleation, is a PM tension sensor involved in leading edge formation. In migrating cells, FBP17 localizes to short membrane invaginations at the leading edge, while diminishing from the cell rear in response to PM tension increase. Conversely, following reduced PM tension, FBP17 dots randomly distribute throughout the cell, correlating with loss of polarized actin assembly on PM tension reduction. Actin protrusive force is required for the polarized accumulation, indicating a role for FBP17-mediated activation of WASP/N-WASP in PM tension generation. In vitro experiments show that FBP17 membrane-bending activity depends on liposomal membrane tension. Thus, FBP17 is the local activator of actin polymerization that is inhibited by PM tension in the feedback loop that regulates cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Tsujita
- Biosignal Research Center, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tadaomi Takenawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Toshiki Itoh
- Biosignal Research Center, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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33
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Oneyama C, Yoshikawa Y, Ninomiya Y, Iino T, Tsukita S, Okada M. Fer tyrosine kinase oligomer mediates and amplifies Src-induced tumor progression. Oncogene 2015; 35:501-12. [PMID: 25867068 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
c-Src is upregulated in various human cancers, suggesting its role in malignant progression. However, the molecular circuits of c-Src oncogenic signaling remain elusive. Here we show that Fer tyrosine kinase oligomer mediates and amplifies Src-induced tumor progression. Previously, we showed that transformation of fibroblasts is promoted by the relocation of c-Src to non-raft membranes. In this study, we identified Fer and ezrin as non-raft c-Src targets. c-Src directly activated Fer by initiating its autophosphorylation, which was further amplified by Fer oligomerization. Fer interacted with active c-Src at focal adhesion membranes and activated Fer-phosphorylated ezrin to induce cell transformation. Fer was also crucial for cell transformation induced by v-Src or epidermal growth-factor receptor activation. Furthermore, Fer activation was required for tumorigenesis and invasiveness in some cancer cells in which c-Src is upregulated. We propose that the Src-Fer axis represents a new therapeutic target for treatment of a subset of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oneyama
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Yoshikawa
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Ninomiya
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Iino
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Tsukita
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Okada
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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34
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Stith BJ. Phospholipase C and D regulation of Src, calcium release and membrane fusion during Xenopus laevis development. Dev Biol 2015; 401:188-205. [PMID: 25748412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This review emphasizes how lipids regulate membrane fusion and the proteins involved in three developmental stages: oocyte maturation to the fertilizable egg, fertilization and during first cleavage. Decades of work show that phosphatidic acid (PA) releases intracellular calcium, and recent work shows that the lipid can activate Src tyrosine kinase or phospholipase C during Xenopus fertilization. Numerous reports are summarized to show three levels of increase in lipid second messengers inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and sn 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) during the three different developmental stages. In addition, possible roles for PA, ceramide, lysophosphatidylcholine, plasmalogens, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, membrane microdomains (rafts) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate in regulation of membrane fusion (acrosome reaction, sperm-egg fusion, cortical granule exocytosis), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors, and calcium release are discussed. The role of six lipases involved in generating putative lipid second messengers during fertilization is also discussed: phospholipase D, autotaxin, lipin1, sphingomyelinase, phospholipase C, and phospholipase A2. More specifically, proteins involved in developmental events and their regulation through lipid binding to SH3, SH4, PH, PX, or C2 protein domains is emphasized. New models are presented for PA activation of Src (through SH3, SH4 and a unique domain), that this may be why the SH2 domain of PLCγ is not required for Xenopus fertilization, PA activation of phospholipase C, a role for PA during the calcium wave after fertilization, and that calcium/calmodulin may be responsible for the loss of Src from rafts after fertilization. Also discussed is that the large DAG increase during fertilization derives from phospholipase D production of PA and lipin dephosphorylation to DAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Stith
- University of Colorado Denver, Department of Integrative Biology, Campus Box 171, PO Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217-3364, United States.
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35
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Shiozaki K, Takahashi K, Hosono M, Yamaguchi K, Hata K, Shiozaki M, Bassi R, Prinetti A, Sonnino S, Nitta K, Miyagi T. Phosphatidic acid-mediated activation and translocation to the cell surface of sialidase NEU3, promoting signaling for cell migration. FASEB J 2015; 29:2099-111. [PMID: 25678627 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-262543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane-associated sialidase NEU3 plays crucial roles in regulation of transmembrane signaling, and its aberrant up-regulation in various cancers contributes to malignancy. However, it remains uncertain how NEU3 is naturally activated and locates to plasma membranes, because of its Triton X-100 requirement for the sialidase activity in vitro and its often changing subcellular location. Among phospholipids examined, we demonstrate that phosphatidic acid (PA) elevates its sialidase activity 4 to 5 times at 50 μM in vitro at neutral pH and promotes translocation to the cell surface and cell migration through Ras-signaling in HeLa and COS-1 cells. NEU3 was found to interact selectively with PA as assessed by phospholipid array, liposome coprecipitation, and ELISA assays and to colocalize with phospholipase D (PLD) 1 in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) or serum stimulation. Studies using tagged NEU3 fragments with point mutations identified PA- and calmodulin (CaM)-binding sites around the N terminus and confirmed its participation in translocation and catalytic activity. EGF induced PLD1 activation concomitantly with enhanced NEU3 translocation to the cell surface, as assessed by confocal microscopy. These results suggest that interactions of NEU3 with PA produced by PLD1 are important for regulation of transmembrane signaling, this aberrant acceleration probably promoting malignancy in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Shiozaki
- *Faculty of Fisheries and The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan; Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research and Division of Cell Recognition Study, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi, Japan; and Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Kohta Takahashi
- *Faculty of Fisheries and The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan; Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research and Division of Cell Recognition Study, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi, Japan; and Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Masahiro Hosono
- *Faculty of Fisheries and The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan; Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research and Division of Cell Recognition Study, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi, Japan; and Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Kazunori Yamaguchi
- *Faculty of Fisheries and The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan; Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research and Division of Cell Recognition Study, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi, Japan; and Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Keiko Hata
- *Faculty of Fisheries and The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan; Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research and Division of Cell Recognition Study, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi, Japan; and Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Momo Shiozaki
- *Faculty of Fisheries and The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan; Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research and Division of Cell Recognition Study, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi, Japan; and Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosaria Bassi
- *Faculty of Fisheries and The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan; Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research and Division of Cell Recognition Study, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi, Japan; and Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Prinetti
- *Faculty of Fisheries and The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan; Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research and Division of Cell Recognition Study, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi, Japan; and Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- *Faculty of Fisheries and The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan; Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research and Division of Cell Recognition Study, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi, Japan; and Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Kazuo Nitta
- *Faculty of Fisheries and The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan; Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research and Division of Cell Recognition Study, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi, Japan; and Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Taeko Miyagi
- *Faculty of Fisheries and The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan; Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research and Division of Cell Recognition Study, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi, Japan; and Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, Milan, Italy
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36
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Suetsugu S, Kurisu S, Takenawa T. Dynamic shaping of cellular membranes by phospholipids and membrane-deforming proteins. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:1219-48. [PMID: 25287863 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
All cellular compartments are separated from the external environment by a membrane, which consists of a lipid bilayer. Subcellular structures, including clathrin-coated pits, caveolae, filopodia, lamellipodia, podosomes, and other intracellular membrane systems, are molded into their specific submicron-scale shapes through various mechanisms. Cells construct their micro-structures on plasma membrane and execute vital functions for life, such as cell migration, cell division, endocytosis, exocytosis, and cytoskeletal regulation. The plasma membrane, rich in anionic phospholipids, utilizes the electrostatic nature of the lipids, specifically the phosphoinositides, to form interactions with cytosolic proteins. These cytosolic proteins have three modes of interaction: 1) electrostatic interaction through unstructured polycationic regions, 2) through structured phosphoinositide-specific binding domains, and 3) through structured domains that bind the membrane without specificity for particular phospholipid. Among the structured domains, there are several that have membrane-deforming activity, which is essential for the formation of concave or convex membrane curvature. These domains include the amphipathic helix, which deforms the membrane by hemi-insertion of the helix with both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, and/or the BAR domain superfamily, known to use their positively charged, curved structural surface to deform membranes. Below the membrane, actin filaments support the micro-structures through interactions with several BAR proteins as well as other scaffold proteins, resulting in outward and inward membrane micro-structure formation. Here, we describe the characteristics of phospholipids, and the mechanisms utilized by phosphoinositides to regulate cellular events. We then summarize the precise mechanisms underlying the construction of membrane micro-structures and their involvements in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Suetsugu
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan; Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; and Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shusaku Kurisu
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan; Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; and Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tadaomi Takenawa
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan; Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; and Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Frohman MA. Role of mitochondrial lipids in guiding fission and fusion. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 93:263-9. [PMID: 25471483 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinically important links have been established between mitochondrial function and cardiac physiology and disease in the context of signaling mechanisms, energy production, and muscle cell development. The proteins and processes that drive mitochondrial fusion and fission are now known to have emergent functions in intracellular calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, myofibril organization, and Notch-driven cell differentiation, all key issues in cardiac disease. Moreover, decreasing fission may confer protection against ischemic heart disease, particularly in the setting of obesity, diabetes, and heart failure. The importance of lipids in controlling mitochondrial fission and fusion is increasingly becoming appreciated. Roles for the bulk and signaling lipids cardiolipin, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol, and lysophosphatidic acid and the enzymes that synthesize or metabolize them in the control of mitochondrial shape and function are reviewed here. A number of diseases have been linked to loss-of-function alleles for a subset of the enzymes, emphasizing the importance of the lipid environment in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Frohman
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA,
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Sangrar W, Shi C, Mullins G, LeBrun D, Ingalls B, Greer PA. Amplified Ras-MAPK signal states correlate with accelerated EGFR internalization, cytostasis and delayed HER2 tumor onset in Fer-deficient model systems. Oncogene 2014; 34:4109-17. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Yaffe E, Hikri E, Elkis Y, Cohen O, Segal A, Makovski A, Varvak A, Shpungin S, Nir U. Oncogenic properties of a spermatogenic meiotic variant of fer kinase expressed in somatic cells. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6474-85. [PMID: 25237066 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The kinase Fer and its spermatogenic meiotic variant, FerT, are coexpressed in normal testes and cancerous tumors, but whether they exert related roles in spermatogenic or malignant cells has not been known. Here, we show that Fer and FerT reside in the mitochondria of spermatogenic cells and are harnessed to the reprogrammed mitochondria of colon carcinoma cells. Both kinases bound complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) in spermatogenic and in colon carcinoma cells, and silencing of either Fer or FerT was sufficient to impair the activity of this complex. Directed mitochondrial accumulation of FerT in nonmalignant NIH3T3 cells increased their ETC complex I activity, ATP production, and survival, contingent upon stress conditions caused by nutrient and oxygen deprivation. Strikingly, directed mitochondrial accumulation of FerT endowed nonmalignant cells with tumor-forming ability. Thus, recruitment of a meiotic mitochondrial component to cancer cell mitochondria highlights a pivotal role for reprogrammed mitochondria in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etai Yaffe
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Elad Hikri
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yoav Elkis
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ortal Cohen
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ariela Segal
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Adar Makovski
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Alexander Varvak
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Sally Shpungin
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Uri Nir
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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40
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Speranza F, Mahankali M, Henkels KM, Gomez-Cambronero J. The molecular basis of leukocyte adhesion involving phosphatidic acid and phospholipase D. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28885-97. [PMID: 25187519 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.597146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining how leukocytes adhere to solid surfaces, such as capillary beds, and the subsequent migration through the extracellular matrix, is a central biological issue. We show here that phospholipase D (PLD) and its enzymatic reaction product, phosphatidic acid (PA), regulate cell adhesion of immune cells (macrophages and neutrophils) to collagen and have defined the underlying molecular mechanism in a spatio-temporal manner that coincides with PLD activity timing. A rapid (t½ = 4 min) and transient activation of the PLD1 isoform occurs upon adhesion, and a slower (t½ = 7.5 min) but prolonged (>30 min) activation occurs for PLD2. Importantly, PA directly binds to actin-related protein 3 (Arp3) at EC50 = 22 nm, whereas control phosphatidylcholine did not bind. PA-activated Arp3 hastens actin nucleation with a kinetics of t½ = 3 min at 300 nm (compared with controls of no PA, t½ = 5 min). Thus, PLD and PA are intrinsic components of cell adhesion, which reinforce each other in a positive feedback loop and react from cues from their respective solid substrates. In nascent adhesion, PLD1 is key, whereas a sustained adhesion in mature or established focal points is dependent upon PLD2, PA, and Arp3. A prolonged adhesion could effectively counteract the reversible intrinsic nature of this cellular process and constitute a key player in chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Speranza
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435
| | - Madhu Mahankali
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435
| | - Karen M Henkels
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435
| | - Julian Gomez-Cambronero
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435
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Gomez-Cambronero J. Phospholipase D in cell signaling: from a myriad of cell functions to cancer growth and metastasis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:22557-22566. [PMID: 24990944 PMCID: PMC4132763 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r114.574152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) enzymes play a double vital role in cells: they maintain the integrity of cellular membranes and they participate in cell signaling including intracellular protein trafficking, cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration, and cell proliferation. The particular involvement of PLD in cell migration is accomplished: (a) through the actions of its enzymatic product of reaction, phosphatidic acid, and its unique shape-binding role on membrane geometry; (b) through a particular guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity (the first of its class assigned to a phospholipase) in the case of the mammalian isoform PLD2; and (c) through protein-protein interactions with a wide network of molecules: Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp), Grb2, ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K), and Rac2. Further, PLD interacts with a variety of kinases (PKC, FES, EGF receptor (EGFR), and JAK3) that are activated by it, or PLD becomes the target substrate. Out of these myriads of functions, PLD is becoming recognized as a major player in cell migration, cell invasion, and cancer metastasis. This is the story of the evolution of PLD from being involved in a large number of seemingly unrelated cellular functions to its most recent role in cancer signaling, a subfield that is expected to grow exponentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gomez-Cambronero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435.
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42
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Muhlrad PJ, Clark JN, Nasri U, Sullivan NG, LaMunyon CW. SPE-8, a protein-tyrosine kinase, localizes to the spermatid cell membrane through interaction with other members of the SPE-8 group spermatid activation signaling pathway in C. elegans. BMC Genet 2014; 15:83. [PMID: 25022984 PMCID: PMC4105102 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The SPE-8 group gene products transduce the signal for spermatid activation initiated by extracellular zinc in C. elegans. Mutations in the spe-8 group genes result in hermaphrodite-derived spermatids that cannot activate to crawling spermatozoa, although spermatids from mutant males activate through a pathway induced by extracellular TRY-5 protease present in male seminal fluid. Results Here, we identify SPE-8 as a member of a large family of sperm-expressed non-receptor-like protein-tyrosine kinases. A rescuing SPE-8::GFP translational fusion reporter localizes to the plasma membrane in all spermatogenic cells from the primary spermatocyte stage through spermatids. Once spermatids become activated to spermatozoa, the reporter moves from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm. Mutations in the spe-8 group genes spe-12, spe-19, and spe-27 disrupt localization of the reporter to the plasma membrane, while localization appears near normal in a spe-29 mutant background. Conclusions These results suggest that the SPE-8 group proteins form a functional complex localized at the plasma membrane, and that SPE-8 is correctly positioned only when all members of the SPE-8 group are present, with the possible exception of SPE-29. Further, SPE-8 is released from the membrane when the activation signal is transduced into the spermatid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Craig W LaMunyon
- Department of Biological Science, California State Polytechnic University, 3801 W, Temple Ave, Pomona, CA 91768, USA.
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43
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Ha EEJ, Frohman MA. Regulation of mitochondrial morphology by lipids. Biofactors 2014; 40:419-24. [PMID: 24771456 PMCID: PMC4146713 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Although great progress has been made in identifying key protein factors that regulate mitochondrial morphology through mediating fission and fusion, signaling lipids are increasingly being recognized as important in the process as well. We review here roles that have been proposed for the signaling and bulk lipids cardiolipin, phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine and the enzymes that generate or catabolize them in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology in yeast and mammals. Mutations in some of these enzymes are causal in a number of disease settings, highlighting the significance of controlling the lipid environment in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A. Frohman
- Corresponding author: Michael A. Frohman, 438 Center for Molecular Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, , Phone: 631-632-1476, Fax: 631-632-1692
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44
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Urrego D, Tomczak AP, Zahed F, Stühmer W, Pardo LA. Potassium channels in cell cycle and cell proliferation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130094. [PMID: 24493742 PMCID: PMC3917348 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal cell-cycle progression is a crucial task for every multicellular organism, as it determines body size and shape, tissue renewal and senescence, and is also crucial for reproduction. On the other hand, dysregulation of the cell-cycle progression leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation is the hallmark of cancer. Therefore, it is not surprising that it is a tightly regulated process, with multifaceted and very complex control mechanisms. It is now well established that one of those mechanisms relies on ion channels, and in many cases specifically on potassium channels. Here, we summarize the possible mechanisms underlying the importance of potassium channels in cell-cycle control and briefly review some of the identified channels that illustrate the multiple ways in which this group of proteins can influence cell proliferation and modulate cell-cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Urrego
- Oncophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, , Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, Göttingen 37075, Germany
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45
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Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is recognized as an important class of lipid messengers. The cellular PA levels are dynamic; PA is produced and metabolized by several enzymatic reactions, including different phospholipases, lipid kinases, and phosphatases. PA interacts with various proteins and the interactions may modulate enzyme catalytic activities and/or tether proteins to membranes. The PA-protein interactions are impacted by changes in cellular pH and other effectors, such as cations. PA is involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal organization, secretion, cell proliferation, and survival. Manipulations of different PA production reactions alter cellular and organismal response to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. Further investigations of PA's function and mechanisms of action will advance not only the understanding of cell signaling networks but also may lead to biotechnological and pharmacological applications.
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46
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Yamazaki D, Itoh T, Miki H, Takenawa T. srGAP1 regulates lamellipodial dynamics and cell migratory behavior by modulating Rac1 activity. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:3393-405. [PMID: 24006490 PMCID: PMC3814155 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-04-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
srGAP1 limits Rac1 activity at lamellipodia in a negative feedback manner, allowing concomitant activation of Rac1 and RhoA at lamellipodia. Rho signaling causes membrane ruffling through actomyosin contractility and removes the protrusive structures. Such coordination of Rac and Rho determines migratory behavior through lamellipodial dynamics. The distinct levels of Rac activity differentially regulate the pattern of intrinsic cell migration. However, it remains unknown how Rac activity is modulated and how the level of Rac activity controls cell migratory behavior. Here we show that Slit-Robo GAP 1 (srGAP1) is a modulator of Rac activity in locomotive cells. srGAP1 possesses a GAP activity specific to Rac1 and is recruited to lamellipodia in a Rac1-dependent manner. srGAP1 limits Rac1 activity and allows concomitant activation of Rac1 and RhoA, which are mutually inhibitory. When both GTPases are activated, the protrusive structures caused by Rac1-dependent actin reorganization are spatially restricted and periodically destabilized, causing ruffling by RhoA-induced actomyosin contractility. Depletion of srGAP1 overactivates Rac1 and inactivates RhoA, resulting in continuous spatiotemporal spreading of lamellipodia and a modal shift of intrinsic cell motility from random to directionally persistent. Thus srGAP1 is a key determinant of lamellipodial dynamics and cell migratory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamazaki
- Division of Membrane Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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47
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Ivanova IA, Vermeulen JF, Ercan C, Houthuijzen JM, Saig FA, Vlug EJ, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ, Vooijs M, Derksen PWB. FER kinase promotes breast cancer metastasis by regulating α6- and β1-integrin-dependent cell adhesion and anoikis resistance. Oncogene 2013; 32:5582-92. [PMID: 23873028 PMCID: PMC3898493 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer cannot be treated successfully. Currently, the targeted therapies for metastatic disease are limited to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and hormone receptor antagonists. Understanding the mechanisms of breast cancer growth and metastasis is therefore crucial for the development of new intervention strategies. Here, we show that FER kinase (FER) controls migration and metastasis of invasive human breast cancer cell lines by regulating α6- and β1-integrin-dependent adhesion. Conversely, the overexpression of FER in non-metastatic breast cancer cells induces pro-invasive features. FER drives anoikis resistance, regulates tumour growth and is necessary for metastasis in a mouse model of human breast cancer. In human invasive breast cancer, high FER expression is an independent prognostic factor that correlates with high-grade basal/triple-negative tumours and worse overall survival, especially in lymph node-negative patients. These findings establish FER as a promising target for the prevention and inhibition of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Ivanova
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J F Vermeulen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Ercan
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J M Houthuijzen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F A Saig
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E J Vlug
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E van der Wall
- 1] Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Vooijs
- 1] Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Department of Radiation Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P W B Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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48
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Phospholipase D (PLD) drives cell invasion, tumor growth and metastasis in a human breast cancer xenograph model. Oncogene 2013; 32:5551-62. [PMID: 23752189 PMCID: PMC3966651 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in human females in the world. One protein that has elevated enzymatic lipase activity in breast cancers in vitro is phospholipase D (PLD), which is also involved in cell migration. We demonstrate that the PLD2 isoform, which was analyzed directly in the tumors, is crucial for cell invasion that contributes critically to the growth and development of breast tumors and lung metastases in vivo. We used three complementary strategies in a SCID mouse model and also addressed the underlying molecular mechanism. First, the PLD2 gene was silenced in highly metastatic, aggressive breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) with lentivirus-based shRNA, which were xenotransplanted in SCID mice. The resulting mouse primary mammary tumors were reduced in size (65%, p<0.05) and their onset delayed when compared to control tumors. Second, we stably overexpressed PLD2 in low-invasive breast cancer cells (MCF-7) with a biscistronic MIEG retroviral vector and observed that these cells were converted into a highly aggressive phenotype, as primary tumors that formed following xenotransplantation were larger, grew faster and developed lung metastases more readily. Third, we implanted osmotic pumps into SCID xenotransplanted mice that delivered two different small-molecule inhibitors of PLD activity (FIPI and NOPT). These inhibitors led to significant (>70%, p<0.05) inhibition of primary tumor growth, metastatic axillary tumors and lung metastases. In order to define the underlying mechanism, we determined that the machinery of PLD-induced cell invasion is mediated by phosphatidic acid (PA), WASp, Grb2 and Rac2 signaling events that ultimately affect actin polymerization and cell invasion. In summary, this study shows that PLD has a central role in the development, metastasis and level of aggressiveness of breast cancer, raising the possibility that PLD2 could be used as a new therapeutic target.
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Ahn J, Truesdell P, Meens J, Kadish C, Yang X, Boag AH, Craig AWB. Fer protein-tyrosine kinase promotes lung adenocarcinoma cell invasion and tumor metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 11:952-63. [PMID: 23699534 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0003-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently amplified or mutated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although Fer protein-tyrosine kinase signals downstream of EGFR, its role in NSCLC tumor progression has not been reported. Here, Fer kinase was elevated in NSCLC tumors compared to normal lung epithelium. EGFR signaling in NSCLC cells fosters rapid Fer activation and increased localization to lamellipodia. Stable silencing of Fer in H1299 lung adenocarcinoma cells (Fer KD) caused impaired EGFR-induced lamellipodia formation compared to control cells. Fer KD NSCLC cells showed reduced Vav2 tyrosine phosphorylation that was correlated with direct Fer-mediated phosphorylation of Vav2 on tyrosine-172, which was previously reported to increase the guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity of Vav2. Indeed, Fer KD cells displayed defects in Rac-GTP localization to lamellipodia, cell migration, and cell invasion in vitro. To test the role of Fer in NSCLC progression and metastasis, control and Fer KD cells were grown as subcutaneous tumors in mice. Although Fer was not required for tumor growth, Fer KD tumor-bearing mice had significantly fewer numbers of spontaneous metastases. Combined, these data demonstrate that Fer kinase is elevated in NSCLC tumors and is important for cellular invasion and metastasis. IMPLICATIONS Fer protein-tyrosine kinase is a potential therapeutic target in metastatic lung cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 11(8); 952-63. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ahn
- Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, 3rd Fl, CRI315, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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50
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Lennartsson J, Ma H, Wardega P, Pelka K, Engström U, Hellberg C, Heldin CH. The Fer tyrosine kinase is important for platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein phosphorylation, colony formation in soft agar, and tumor growth in vivo. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:15736-44. [PMID: 23589302 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.476424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fer is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that is activated in response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulation. In the present report, we show that Fer associates with the activated PDGF β-receptor (PDGFRβ) through multiple autophosphorylation sites, i.e. Tyr-579, Tyr-581, Tyr-740, and Tyr-1021. Using low molecular weight inhibitors, we found that PDGF-BB-induced Fer activation is dependent on PDGFRβ kinase activity, but not on the enzymatic activity of Src or Jak kinases. In cells in which Fer was down-regulated using siRNA, PDGF-BB was unable to induce phosphorylation of STAT3, whereas phosphorylations of STAT5, ERK1/2, and Akt were unaffected. PDGF-BB-induced activation of STAT3 occurred also in cells expressing kinase-dead Fer, suggesting a kinase-independent adaptor role of Fer. Expression of Fer was dispensable for PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration but essential for colony formation in soft agar. Tumor growth in vivo was delayed in cells depleted of Fer expression. Our data suggest a critical role of Fer in PDGF-BB-induced STAT3 activation and cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Lennartsson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden
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