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Vuillefroy de Silly R, Pericou L, Seijo B, Crespo I, Irving M. Acidity suppresses CD8 + T-cell function by perturbing IL-2, mTORC1, and c-Myc signaling. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00235-w. [PMID: 39284912 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
CD8 + T cells have critical roles in tumor control, but a range of factors in their microenvironment such as low pH can suppress their function. Here, we demonstrate that acidity restricts T-cell expansion mainly through impairing IL-2 responsiveness, lowers cytokine secretion upon re-activation, and reduces the cytolytic capacity of CD8 + T cells expressing low-affinity TCR. We further find decreased mTORC1 signaling activity and c-Myc levels at low pH. Mechanistically, nuclear/cytoplasmic acidification is linked to mTORC1 suppression in a Rheb-, Akt/TSC2/PRAS40-, GATOR1- and Lkb1/AMPK-independent manner, while c-Myc levels drop due to both decreased transcription and higher levels of proteasome-mediated degradation. In addition, lower intracellular levels of glutamine, glutamate, and aspartate, as well as elevated proline levels are observed with no apparent impact on mTORC1 signaling or c-Myc levels. Overall, we suggest that, due to the broad impact of acidity on CD8 + T cells, multiple interventions will be required to restore T-cell function unless intracellular pH is effectively controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Vuillefroy de Silly
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Laetitia Pericou
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bili Seijo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isaac Crespo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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2
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McDonough J, Singhal NK, Getsy PM, Knies K, Knauss ZT, Mueller D, Bates JN, Damron DS, Lewis SJ. The epigenetic signatures of opioid addiction and physical dependence are prevented by D-cysteine ethyl ester and betaine. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1416701. [PMID: 39281282 PMCID: PMC11392886 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1416701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
We have reported that D,L-thiol esters, including D-cysteine ethyl ester (D-CYSee), are effective at overcoming opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) in rats. Our on-going studies reveal that co-injections of D-CYSee with multi-day morphine injections markedly diminish spontaneous withdrawal that usually occurs after cessation of multiple injections of morphine in rats. Chronically administered opioids are known (1) to alter cellular redox status, thus inducing an oxidative state, and (2) for an overall decrease in DNA methylation, therefore resulting in the transcriptional activation of previously silenced long interspersed elements (LINE-1) retrotransposon genes. The first objective of the present study was to determine whether D-CYSee and the one carbon metabolism with the methyl donor, betaine, would maintain redox control and normal DNA methylation levels in human neuroblastoma cell cultures (SH-SY5Y) under overnight challenge with morphine (100 nM). The second objective was to determine whether D-CYSee and/or betaine could diminish the degree of physical dependence to morphine in male Sprague Dawley rats. Our data showed that overnight treatment with morphine reduced cellular GSH levels, induced mitochondrial damage, decreased global DNA methylation, and increased LINE-1 mRNA expression. These adverse effects by morphine, which diminished the reducing capacity and compromised the maintenance of the membrane potential of SH-SY5Y cells, was prevented by concurrent application of D-CYSee (100 µM) or betaine (300 µM). Furthermore, our data demonstrated that co-injections of D-CYSee (250 μmol/kg, IV) and to a lesser extent, betaine (250 μmol/kg, IV), markedly diminished the development of physical dependence induced by multi-day morphine injections (escalating daily doses of 10-30 mg/kg, IV), as assessed by the lesser number of withdrawal phenomena elicited by the injection of the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (1.5 mg/kg, IV). These findings provide evidence that D-CYSee and betaine prevent the appearance of redox alterations and epigenetic signatures commonly seen in neural cells involved in opioid physical dependence/addiction, and lessen development of physical dependence to morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer McDonough
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Naveen K Singhal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Paulina M Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Katherine Knies
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Zackery T Knauss
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Devin Mueller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - James N Bates
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Derek S Damron
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Stephen J Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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3
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Scholda J, Nguyen TTA, Kopp F. Long noncoding RNAs as versatile molecular regulators of cellular stress response and homeostasis. Hum Genet 2024; 143:813-829. [PMID: 37782337 PMCID: PMC11294412 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Normal cell and body functions need to be maintained and protected against endogenous and exogenous stress conditions. Different cellular stress response pathways have evolved that are utilized by mammalian cells to recognize, process and overcome numerous stress stimuli in order to maintain homeostasis and to prevent pathophysiological processes. Although these stress response pathways appear to be quite different on a molecular level, they all have in common that they integrate various stress inputs, translate them into an appropriate stress response and eventually resolve the stress by either restoring homeostasis or inducing cell death. It has become increasingly appreciated that non-protein-coding RNA species, such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), can play critical roles in the mammalian stress response. However, the precise molecular functions and underlying modes of action for many of the stress-related lncRNAs remain poorly understood. In this review, we aim to provide a framework for the categorization of mammalian lncRNAs in stress response and homeostasis based on their experimentally validated modes of action. We describe the molecular functions and physiological roles of selected lncRNAs and develop a concept of how lncRNAs can contribute as versatile players in mammalian stress response and homeostasis. These concepts may be used as a starting point for the identification of novel lncRNAs and lncRNA functions not only in the context of stress, but also in normal physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Scholda
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacy Group, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thi Thuy Anh Nguyen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacy Group, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Kopp
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacy Group, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Chuang JY, Kuo HH, Wang PH, Su CJ, Yih LH. NPRL2 is required for proliferation of oncogenic Ras-transformed bronchial epithelial cells. Cell Div 2024; 19:22. [PMID: 38915098 PMCID: PMC11197203 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-024-00126-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen permease regulator-like 2 (NPRL2/TUSC4) is known to exert both tumor-suppressing and oncogenic effects in different types of cancers, suggesting that its actions are context dependent. Here, we delineated the molecular and functional effects of NPRL2 in malignantly transformed bronchial epithelial cells. To do so, we depleted NPRL2 in oncogenic HRas-transduced and malignantly transformed human bronchial epithelial (BEAS2B), Ras-AI-T2 cells. Intriguingly, depletion of NPRL2 in these cells induced activation of mTORC1 downstream signaling, inhibited autophagy, and impaired Ras-AI-T2 cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that NPRL2 is required for oncogenic HRas-induced cell transformation. Depletion of NPRL2 increased levels of the DNA damage marker γH2AX, the cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27, and the apoptosis marker cleaved-PARP. These NPRL2-depleted cells first accumulated at G1 and G2, and later exhibited signs of mitotic catastrophe, which implied that NPRL2 depletion may be detrimental to oncogenic HRas-transformed cells. Additionally, NPRL2 depletion reduced heat shock factor 1/heat shock element- and NRF2/antioxidant response element-directed luciferase reporter activities in Ras-AI-T2 cells, indicating that NPRL2 depletion led to the suppression of two key cytoprotective processes in oncogenic HRas-transformed cells. Overall, our data suggest that oncogenic HRas-transduced and malignantly transformed cells may depend on NPRL2 for survival and proliferation, and depletion of NPRL2 also induces a stressed state in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Han Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jou Su
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Huei Yih
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Cells of the mammalian innate immune system have evolved to protect the host from various environmental or internal insults and injuries which perturb the homeostatic state of the organism. Among the lymphocytes of the innate immune system are natural killer (NK) cells, which circulate and survey host tissues for signs of stress, including infection or transformation. NK cells rapidly eliminate damaged cells in the blood or within tissues through secretion of cytolytic machinery and production of proinflammatory cytokines. To perform these effector functions while traversing between the blood and tissues, patrolling NK cells require sufficient fuel to meet their energetic demands. Here, we highlight the ability of NK cells to metabolically adapt across tissues, during times of nutrient deprivation and within tumor microenvironments. Whether at steady state, or during viral infection and cancer, NK cells readily shift their nutrient uptake and usage in order to maintain metabolism, survival, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B. Delconte
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph C. Sun
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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6
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Fanelli MJ, Welsh CM, Lui DS, Smulan LJ, Walker AK. Immunity-linked genes are stimulated by a membrane stress pathway linked to Golgi function and the ARF-1 GTPase. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi5545. [PMID: 38055815 PMCID: PMC10699786 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Infection response and other immunity-linked genes (ILGs) were first named in Caenorhabditis elegans-based expression after pathogen challenge, but many are also up-regulated when lipid metabolism is perturbed. Why pathogen attack and metabolic changes both increase ILGs is unclear. We find that ILGs are activated when phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels change in membranes of secretory organelles in C. elegans. RNAi targeting of the ADP-ribosylation factor arf-1, which disrupts the Golgi and secretory function, also activates ILGs. Low PC limits ARF-1 function, suggesting a mechanism for ILG activation via lipid metabolism, as part of a membrane stress response acting outside the ER. RNAi of selected ILGs uncovered defects in the secretion of two GFP reporters and the accumulation of a pathogen-responsive complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1 (CUB) domain fusion protein. Our data argue that up-regulation of some ILGs is a coordinated response to changes in trafficking and may act to counteract stress on secretory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Fanelli
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Christofer M. Welsh
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Morningside School of Biomedical Sciences, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Dominique S. Lui
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Lorissa J. Smulan
- Department of Medicine, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Amy K. Walker
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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7
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Liu K, Hu S, Qiu L, Wang M, Zhang Z, Sun G, Zhang Y. Nrf1 is not a direct target gene of SREBP1, albeit both are integrated into the rapamycin-responsive regulatory network in human hepatoma cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294508. [PMID: 38011090 PMCID: PMC10681226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential role of protein degradation by ubiquitin-proteasome system is exerted primarily for maintaining cellular protein homeostasis. The transcriptional activation of proteasomal genes by mTORC1 signaling depends on Nrf1, but whether this process is directly via SREBP1 remains elusive. In this study, our experiment evidence revealed that Nrf1 is not a direct target of SREBP1, although both are involved in the rapamycin-responsive regulatory networks. Closely scrutinizing two distinct transcriptomic datasets unraveled no significant changes in transcriptional expression of Nrf1 and almost all proteasomal subunits in either siSREBP2-silencing cells or SREBP1-∕-MEFs, when compared to equivalent controls. However, distinct upstream signaling to Nrf1 dislocation by p97 and its processing by DDI1/2, along with downstream proteasomal expression, may be monitored by mTOR signaling, to various certain extents, depending on distinct experimental settings in different types of cells. Our further evidence has been obtained from DDI1-∕-(DDI2insC) cells, demonstrating that putative effects of mTOR on the rapamycin-responsive signaling to Nrf1 and proteasomes may also be executed partially through a DDI1/2-independent mechanism, albeit the detailed regulatory events remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli Liu
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, China
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaofan Hu
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, China
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Qiu
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Guiyin Sun
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiguo Zhang
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, China
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
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8
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Tan JX, Finkel T. Lysosomes in senescence and aging. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57265. [PMID: 37811693 PMCID: PMC10626421 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of lysosomes, the primary hydrolytic organelles in animal cells, is frequently associated with aging and age-related diseases. At the cellular level, lysosomal dysfunction is strongly linked to cellular senescence or the induction of cell death pathways. However, the precise mechanisms by which lysosomal dysfunction participates in these various cellular or organismal phenotypes have remained elusive. The ability of lysosomes to degrade diverse macromolecules including damaged proteins and organelles puts lysosomes at the center of multiple cellular stress responses. Lysosomal activity is tightly regulated by many coordinated cellular processes including pathways that function inside and outside of the organelle. Here, we collectively classify these coordinated pathways as the lysosomal processing and adaptation system (LYPAS). We review evidence that the LYPAS is upregulated by diverse cellular stresses, its adaptability regulates senescence and cell death decisions, and it can form the basis for therapeutic manipulation for a wide range of age-related diseases and potentially for aging itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Xiaojun Tan
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
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9
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Bayliak MM, Demianchuk OI, Gospodaryov DV, Balatskyi VA, Lushchak VI. Specific and combined effects of dietary ethanol and arginine on Drosophila melanogaster. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:895-905. [PMID: 35903033 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2105863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated specific and combined effects of essential amino acid, l-arginine, and ethanol (EtOH), a natural component of Drosophila melanogaster food, on a range of physiological and biochemical parameters of the flies. Rearing of D. melanogaster during two weeks on the food supplemented with 50 mM l-arginine decreased activities of catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glutathione-S-transferase in males by about 28%, 60%, and 60%, respectively. At the same time, arginine-fed males had 40% higher levels of lipid peroxides and arginine-fed females had 36% low-molecular mass thiol levels as compared to the control. Arginine decreased resistance of fruit flies to heat stress in both sexes, resistance to starvation in females, and resistance to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in males. Nevertheless, arginine increased resistance to SNP in females. Consumption of food supplemented with 10% EtOH increased resistance of fruit flies to starvation but made them more sensitive to SNP. On the contrary, arginine abrogated the ability of EtOH to increase starvation resistance in males and to decrease SNP resistance in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Oleh I Demianchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro V Gospodaryov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Vitalii A Balatskyi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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10
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Deng Z, Zhang X, Wolinska J, Blair D, Hu W, Yin M. Climate has contributed to population diversification of Daphnia galeata across Eurasia. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:5110-5124. [PMID: 37548328 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate is a fundamental abiotic factor that plays a key role in driving the evolution, distribution and population diversification of species. However, there have been few investigations of genomic signatures of adaptation to local climatic conditions in cladocerans. Here, we have provided the first high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly (~143 Mb, scaffold N50 12.6 Mb) of the waterflea, Daphnia galeata, and investigated genomic variation in 22 populations from Central Europe and Eastern China. Our ecological-niche models suggested that the historic distribution of D. galeata in Eurasia was significantly affected by Quaternary climate fluctuations. We detected pronounced genomic and morphometric divergences between European and Chinese D. galeata populations. Such divergences could be partly explained by genomic signatures of thermal adaptation to distinct climate regimes: a set of candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) potentially associated with climate were detected. These SNPs were in genes significantly enriched in the Gene ontology terms "determination of adult lifespan" and "translation repressor activity", and especially, mthl5 and SOD1 involved in the IIS pathway, and EIF4EBP2 involved in the target of the rapamycin signalling pathway. Our study indicates that certain alleles might be associated with particular temperature regimes, playing a functional role in shaping the population structure of D. galeata at a large geographical scale. These results highlight the potential role of molecular variation in the response to climate variation, in the context of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuping Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Justyna Wolinska
- Department of Evolutionary and Integrative Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Blair
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wei Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingbo Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Warrier S, Srinivasan S, Chedere A, Rangarajan A. Inhibition of protein translation under matrix-deprivation stress in breast cancer cells. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1124514. [PMID: 37425300 PMCID: PMC10324034 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1124514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix-deprivation stress leads to cell-death by anoikis, whereas overcoming anoikis is critical for cancer metastasis. Work from our lab and others has identified a crucial role for the cellular energy sensor AMPK in anoikis-resistance, highlighting a key role for metabolic reprogramming in stress survival. Protein synthesis is a major energy-consuming process that is tightly regulated under stress. Although an increase in protein synthesis in AMPK-depleted experimentally-transformed MEFs has been associated with anoikis, the status and regulation of protein translation in epithelial-origin cancer cells facing matrix-detachment remains largely unknown. Our study shows that protein translation is mechanistically abrogated at both initiation and elongation stages by the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway and inactivation of elongation factor eEF2, respectively. Additionally, we show inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway known for regulation of canonical protein synthesis. We further functionally assay this inhibition using SUnSET assay, which demonstrates repression of global protein synthesis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 breast cancer cells when subjected to matrix-deprivation. In order to gauge the translational status of matrix-deprived cancer cells, we undertook polysome profiling. Our data revealed reduced but continuous mRNA translation under matrix-deprivation stress. An integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data further identifies novel targets that may aid cellular adaptations to matrix-deprivation stress and can be explored for therapeutic intervention.
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12
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Lin C, Traets JJH, Vredevoogd DW, Visser NL, Peeper DS. TSC2 regulates tumor susceptibility to TRAIL-mediated T-cell killing by orchestrating mTOR signaling. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111614. [PMID: 36715448 PMCID: PMC9975943 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cancer immunotherapy continues to impair common clinical benefit. Here, we use whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 knockout data to uncover an important role for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 (TSC2) in determining tumor susceptibility to cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) killing in human melanoma cells. TSC2-depleted tumor cells had disrupted mTOR regulation following CTL attack, which was associated with enhanced cell death. Wild-type tumor cells adapted to CTL attack by shifting their mTOR signaling balance toward increased mTORC2 activity, circumventing apoptosis, and necroptosis. TSC2 ablation strongly augmented tumor cell sensitivity to CTL attack in vitro and in vivo, suggesting one of its functions is to critically protect tumor cells. Mechanistically, TSC2 inactivation caused elevation of TRAIL receptor expression, cooperating with mTORC1-S6 signaling to induce tumor cell death. Clinically, we found a negative correlation between TSC2 expression and TRAIL signaling in TCGA patient cohorts. Moreover, a lower TSC2 immune response signature was observed in melanomas from patients responding to immune checkpoint blockade. Our study uncovers a pivotal role for TSC2 in the cancer immune response by governing crosstalk between TSC2-mTOR and TRAIL signaling, aiding future therapeutic exploration of this pathway in immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Pu Lin
- Division of Molecular Oncology and ImmunologyOncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joleen J H Traets
- Division of Molecular Oncology and ImmunologyOncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of Tumor Biology and ImmunologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - David W Vredevoogd
- Division of Molecular Oncology and ImmunologyOncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Nils L Visser
- Division of Molecular Oncology and ImmunologyOncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Daniel S Peeper
- Division of Molecular Oncology and ImmunologyOncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Shankar K, Ali SA, Ruebel ML, Jessani S, Borengasser SJ, Gilley SP, Jambal P, Yazza DN, Weaver N, Kemp JF, Westcott JL, Hendricks AE, Saleem S, Goldenberg RL, Hambidge KM, Krebs NF. Maternal nutritional status modifies heat-associated growth restriction in women with chronic malnutrition. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgac309. [PMID: 36744021 PMCID: PMC9896899 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Rapid changes in the global climate are deepening existing health disparities from resource scarcity and malnutrition. Rising ambient temperatures represent an imminent risk to pregnant women and infants. Both maternal malnutrition and heat stress during pregnancy contribute to poor fetal growth, the leading cause of diminished child development in low-resource settings. However, studies explicitly examining interactions between these two important environmental factors are lacking. We leveraged maternal and neonatal anthropometry data from a randomized controlled trial focused on improving preconception maternal nutrition (Women First Preconception Nutrition trial) conducted in Thatta, Pakistan, where both nutritional deficits and heat stress are prevalent. Multiple linear regression of ambient temperature and neonatal anthropometry at birth (n = 459) showed a negative association between daily maximal temperatures in the first trimester and Z-scores of birth length and head circumference. Placental mRNA-sequencing and protein analysis showed transcriptomic changes in protein translation, ribosomal proteins, and mTORC1 signaling components in term placenta exposed to excessive heat in the first trimester. Targeted metabolomic analysis indicated ambient temperature associated alterations in maternal circulation with decreases in choline concentrations. Notably, negative impacts of heat on birth length were in part mitigated in women randomized to comprehensive maternal nutritional supplementation before pregnancy suggesting potential interactions between heat stress and nutritional status of the mother. Collectively, the findings bridge critical gaps in our current understanding of how maternal nutrition may provide resilience against adverse effects of heat stress in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Meghan L Ruebel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- USDA-ARS, Southeast Area, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | | | - Sarah J Borengasser
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stephanie P Gilley
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Puujee Jambal
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Deaunabah N Yazza
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nicholas Weaver
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Jennifer F Kemp
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jamie L Westcott
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Audrey E Hendricks
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | | | - Robert L Goldenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - K Michael Hambidge
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nancy F Krebs
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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14
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NRF2 in Cancer: Cross-Talk with Oncogenic Pathways and Involvement in Gammaherpesvirus-Driven Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010595. [PMID: 36614036 PMCID: PMC9820659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanding knowledge of the molecular mechanisms at the basis of tumor development, especially the cross-talk between oncogenic pathways, will possibly lead to better tailoring of anticancer therapies. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) plays a central role in cancer progression, not only because of its antioxidant activity but also because it establishes cross-talk with several oncogenic pathways, including Heat Shock Factor1 (HSF1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and mutant (mut) p53. Moreover, the involvement of NRF2 in gammaherpesvirus-driven carcinogenesis is particularly interesting. These viruses indeed hijack the NRF2 pathway to sustain the survival of tumor cells in which they establish a latent infection and to avoid a too-high increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when these cancer cells undergo treatments that induce viral replication. Interestingly, NRF2 activation may prevent gammaherpesvirus-driven oncogenic transformation, highlighting how manipulating the NRF2 pathway in the different phases of gammaherpesvirus-mediated carcinogenesis may lead to different outcomes. This review will highlight the mechanistic interplay between NRF2 and some oncogenic pathways and its involvement in gammaherpesviruses biology to recapitulate published evidence useful for potential application in cancer therapy.
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15
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Zhao Y, Wang XQ. The kinase and FATC domains of VvTOR affect sugar-related gene expression and sugar accumulation in grape ( Vitis vinifera). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:927-935. [PMID: 35817514 DOI: 10.1071/fp21302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The TOR (target of rapamycin) signalling network plays a pivotal role in sugar metabolism and plant growth. In this study, we used grape (Vitis vinifera L.) calli to explore the function of the kinase and FATC domains (C-terminal of FAT (FRAP-ATM-TTRAP) of VvTOR (Vitis vinifera target of rapamycin). We found that the activity of VvTOR affected sugar-related gene expression. VvTOR-VvS6K pathway potentially participated in regulating sugar gene expression. We obtained the over-expression of kinase and FATC domains in transgenic calli by Agrobacterium -mediated transformation. Even though the kinase and FATC domains all belong to VvTOR protein, their functions were different in the regulating sugar accumulation and sugar-related gene expression. We speculated that the kinase domain positively regulated sugar accumulation and FATC domain may negatively influenced sugar accumulation. FATC and kinase domains of VvTOR co-regulated sugar accumulation in grape. These observations will provide framework for future investigations to address other functions of TOR signalling in plant development and signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Qin Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
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16
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A Platform of Patient-Derived Microtumors Identifies Individual Treatment Responses and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122895. [PMID: 35740561 PMCID: PMC9220902 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of the frequent development of therapeutic resistance in cancer treatment, there is a strong need for personalized model systems representing patient tumor heterogeneity, while enabling parallel drug testing and identification of appropriate treatment responses in individual patients. Using ovarian cancer as a prime example of a heterogeneous tumor disease, we developed a 3D preclinical tumor model comprised of patient-derived microtumors (PDM) and autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to identify individual treatment vulnerabilities and validate chemo-, immuno- and targeted therapy efficacies. Enzymatic digestion of primary ovarian cancer tissue and cultivation in defined serum-free media allowed rapid and efficient recovery of PDM, while preserving histopathological features of corresponding patient tumor tissue. Reverse-phase protein array (RPPA)-analyses of >110 total and phospho-proteins enabled the identification of patient-specific sensitivities to standard, platinum-based therapy and thereby the prediction of potential treatment-responders. Co-cultures of PDM and autologous TILs for individual efficacy testing of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment demonstrated patient-specific enhancement of cytotoxic TIL activity by this therapeutic approach. Combining protein pathway analysis and drug efficacy testing of PDM enables drug mode-of-action analyses and therapeutic sensitivity prediction within a clinically relevant time frame after surgery. Follow-up studies in larger cohorts are currently under way to further evaluate the applicability of this platform to support clinical decision making.
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17
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Drown MK, Crawford DL, Oleksiak MF. Transcriptomic analysis provides insights into molecular mechanisms of thermal physiology. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:421. [PMID: 35659182 PMCID: PMC9167525 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological trait variation underlies health, responses to global climate change, and ecological performance. Yet, most physiological traits are complex, and we have little understanding of the genes and genomic architectures that define their variation. To provide insight into the genetic architecture of physiological processes, we related physiological traits to heart and brain mRNA expression using a weighted gene co-expression network analysis. mRNA expression was used to explain variation in six physiological traits (whole animal metabolism (WAM), critical thermal maximum (CTmax), and four substrate specific cardiac metabolic rates (CaM)) under 12 °C and 28 °C acclimation conditions. Notably, the physiological trait variations among the three geographically close (within 15 km) and genetically similar F. heteroclitus populations are similar to those found among 77 aquatic species spanning 15–20° of latitude (~ 2,000 km). These large physiological trait variations among genetically similar individuals provide a powerful approach to determine the relationship between mRNA expression and heritable fitness related traits unconfounded by interspecific differences. Expression patterns explained up to 82% of metabolic trait variation and were enriched for multiple signaling pathways known to impact metabolic and thermal tolerance (e.g., AMPK, PPAR, mTOR, FoxO, and MAPK) but also contained several unexpected pathways (e.g., apoptosis, cellular senescence), suggesting that physiological trait variation is affected by many diverse genes.
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18
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Effects of Individual Amino Acids on PPARα Transactivation, mTORC1 Activation, ApoA-I Transcription and pro-ApoA-I Secretion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116071. [PMID: 35682748 PMCID: PMC9181357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A higher concentration of apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is associated with increased high density lipoprotein functionality and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). A promising strategy to prevent cardiovascular diseases is therefore to improve RCT by increasing de novo ApoA-I production. Since experimental animal models have suggested effects of amino acids on hepatic lipoprotein metabolism, we here examined the effects of different amino acids on hepatic ApoA-I production. Human hepatocytes (HepG2) were exposed to six individual amino acids for 48 h. ApoA-I transcription and secreted pro-ApoA-I protein concentrations were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), respectively. Additionally, CPT1 and KEAP1 mRNA expression, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) transactivation, and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) phosphorylation were determined. Leucine, glutamic acid, and tryptophan increased ApoA-I and CPT1 mRNA expression. Tryptophan also strongly increased PPARα transactivation. Glutamine, proline, and histidine increased pro-ApoA-I protein concentrations but mTORC1 phosphorylation remained unchanged regardless of the amino acid provided. In conclusion, individual amino acids have different effects on ApoA-I mRNA expression and pro-ApoA-I production which can partially be explained by specific effects on PPARα transactivation, while mTORC1 phosphorylation remained unaffected.
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19
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Zhao Y, Wang XQ. VvMYB1 potentially affects VvTOR gene expression by regulating VvTOR promoter and participates in glucose accumulation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 272:153668. [PMID: 35306297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) transcription factors make up one of the largest protein families in plants. The TOR (target of rapamycin) signaling network plays a pivotal role in sugar metabolism and plant growth. In this article, we utilized grape (Vitis vinifera) calli to explore the relationship between VvMYB1 and VvTOR. By using yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter system, we speculated that there may be other proteins that help VvMYB1 and VvTOR promoter bond in grape calli, and the interaction action sites were located between the VvTOR 400-bp promoter fragment and the 1200-bp promoter fragment. The subcellular localization results suggest that VvMYB1 is found in the nucleus. Moreover, the expression level of VvTOR increased in the transgenic calli with overexpression of VvMYB1. These findings provide further evidence that VvMYB1 regulates VvTOR expression. We also found that overexpression of VvMYB1 increased glucose accumulation and affected expression of sugar-related genes. Our results suggest that there is a crosstalk between VvMYB1, VvTOR, and glucose accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Xiu-Qin Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
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20
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Fu L, Zhang L, Liu L, Yang H, Zhou P, Song F, Dong G, Chen J, Wang G, Dong X. Effect of Heat Stress on Bovine Mammary Cellular Metabolites and Gene Transcription Related to Amino Acid Metabolism, Amino Acid Transportation and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113153. [PMID: 34827885 PMCID: PMC8614368 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study mainly employed metabolomics technology to determine changes of intracellular metabolite concentrations related to milk protein synthesis induced by heat stress (HS) in bovine mammary epithelial cells. HS was associated with significant differences in intracellular amino acid metabolism resulting in an increase in the intracellular amino acid concentrations. Moreover, HS promoted amino acid transportation and the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which plays an important role as a central regulator of cell metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival. Greater expression of the alpha-S2-casein gene (CSN1S2) was also observed during HS. Overall, our study indicated that bovine mammary epithelial cells may have the ability to resist HS damage and continue milk protein synthesis partly through enhanced intracellular amino acid absorption and metabolism and by activating the mTOR signaling pathway during HS. Abstract Heat stress (HS) is one of the most serious factors to negatively affect the lactation performance of dairy cows. Bovine mammary epithelial cells are important for lactation. It was demonstrated that HS decreases the lactation performance of dairy cows, partly through altering gene expression within bovine mammary epithelial tissue. However, the cellular metabolism mechanisms under HS remains largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether HS induced changes in intracellular metabolites and gene transcription related to amino acid metabolism, amino acid transportation and the mTOR signaling pathway. Immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell lines (MAC-T cells, n = 5 replicates/treatment) were incubated for 12 h at 37 °C (Control group) and 42 °C (HS group). Relative to the control group, HS led to a greater mRNA expression of heat shock protein genes HSF1, HSPB8, HSPA5, HSP90AB1 and HSPA1A. Compared with the control group, metabolomics using liquid chromatography tandem–mass spectrometry identified 417 differential metabolites with p < 0.05 and a variable importance in projection (VIP) score >1.0 in the HS group. HS resulted in significant changes to the intracellular amino acid metabolism of glutathione, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, valine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine, proline, cysteine, methionine, alanine, aspartate and glutamate. HS led to a greater mRNA expression of the amino acid transporter genes SLC43A1, SLC38A9, SLC36A1, and SLC3A2 but a lower mRNA expression of SLC7A5 and SLC38A2. Additionally, HS influenced the expression of genes associated with the mTOR signaling pathway and significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of mTOR, AKT, RHEB, eIF4E and eEF2K but decreased the mRNA expression of TSC1, TSC2 and eEF2 relative to the control group. Compared with the control group, HS also led to greater mRNA expression of the CSN1S2 gene. Overall, our study indicates that bovine mammary epithelial cells may have the ability to resist HS damage and continue milk protein synthesis partly through enhanced intracellular amino acid absorption and metabolism and by activating the mTOR signaling pathway during HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China; (L.F.); (L.Z.); (P.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China; (L.F.); (L.Z.); (P.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Li Liu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, Chongqing 401228, China;
| | - Heng Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China;
| | - Peng Zhou
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China; (L.F.); (L.Z.); (P.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Fan Song
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China; (L.F.); (L.Z.); (P.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Guozhong Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (G.D.); (J.C.)
| | - Juncai Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (G.D.); (J.C.)
| | - Gaofu Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China; (L.F.); (L.Z.); (P.Z.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Xianwen Dong
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China; (L.F.); (L.Z.); (P.Z.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (X.D.)
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21
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Uyanga VA, Wang M, Tong T, Zhao J, Wang X, Jiao H, Onagbesan OM, Lin H. L-Citrulline Influences the Body Temperature, Heat Shock Response and Nitric Oxide Regeneration of Broilers Under Thermoneutral and Heat Stress Condition. Front Physiol 2021; 12:671691. [PMID: 34456742 PMCID: PMC8385788 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.671691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) adversely affects several physiological responses in organisms, but the underlying molecular mechanisms involved are yet to be fully understood. L-Citrulline (L-Cit) is a nutraceutical amino acid that is gaining research interest for its role in body temperature regulation and nitric oxide synthesis. This study investigated whether dietary supplementation with L-Cit (1% of basal diet) could ameliorate the effects of acute HS on thermotolerance, redox balance, and inflammatory responses of broilers. Ross 308 broilers (288 chicks) were subjected to two environments; thermoneutral at 24°C (TNZ) or HS at 35°C for 5 h, and fed two diets; control or L-Cit. The results showed that HS increased the ear, rectal (RT), and core body (CBT) temperatures of broilers, along with higher respiratory rate. The RT and CBT readings were intermittently affected with time effect, whereas, L-Cit supplementation lowered the mean CBT than the control diet. Antioxidant assays showed that superoxide dismutase was increased during HS, while, catalase was promoted by L-Cit supplementation. In addition, L-Cit induced glutathione peroxidase activity compared to the control diet during HS. Hypothalamic heat shock protein (HSP)-90 was upregulated by HS, but L-Cit downregulated heat shock factor (HSF)-1, and HSP 60 mRNA expressions. HSF 3 mRNA expression was downregulated by L-Cit under TNZ condition. More so, HS increased the plasma nitric oxide (NO) concentration but lowered the total NO synthase (tNOS) activity. In contrast, L-Cit supplementation limited NO production but increased the tNOS activity. Arginase activity was increased in the control fed group during HS but L-Cit supplementation lowered this effect. The NOS-COX pathway was significantly affected under TNZ condition, since L-Cit supplementation downregulated the mRNA expression of iNOS-COX2 in the hypothalamus, and further reduced the serum PGE2 concentration. Together, these data indicates that L-Cit influenced the antioxidant defense, heat shock response and nitric oxide regeneration both under thermoneutral and HS conditions; and that L-Cit may be directly and/or indirectly involved in the central regulation of body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Uyanga
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Tian Tong
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | | | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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22
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Cirone M. Cancer cells dysregulate PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation to ensure their survival and proliferation: mimicking them is a smart strategy of gammaherpesviruses. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 56:500-509. [PMID: 34130564 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1934811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the catalytic subunit of two complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, which have common and distinct subunits that mediate separate and overlapping functions. mTORC1 is activated by plenty of nutrients, and the two complexes can be activated by PI3K signaling. mTORC2 acts as an upstream regulator of AKT, and mTORC1 acts as a downstream effector. mTOR signaling integrates both intracellular and extracellular signals, acting as a key regulator of cellular metabolism, growth, and survival. A dysregulated activation of mTOR, as result of PI3K pathway or mTOR regulatory protein mutations or even due to the presence of cellular or viral oncogenes, is a common finding in cancer and represents a central mechanism in cancerogenesis. In the final part of this review, we will focus on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation by the human gammaherpesviruses EBV and KSHV that hijack this pathway to promote their-mediated oncogenic transformation and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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23
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Monroy Kuhn JM, Meusemann K, Korb J. Disentangling the aging gene expression network of termite queens. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:339. [PMID: 33975542 PMCID: PMC8114706 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most insects are relatively short-lived, with a maximum lifespan of a few weeks, like the aging model organism, the fruit-fly Drosophila melanogaster. By contrast, the queens of many social insects (termites, ants and some bees) can live from a few years to decades. This makes social insects promising models in aging research providing insights into how a long reproductive life can be achieved. Yet, aging studies on social insect reproductives are hampered by a lack of quantitative data on age-dependent survival and time series analyses that cover the whole lifespan of such long-lived individuals. We studied aging in queens of the drywood termite Cryptotermes secundus by determining survival probabilities over a period of 15 years and performed transcriptome analyses for queens of known age that covered their whole lifespan. Results The maximum lifespan of C. secundus queens was 13 years, with a median maximum longevity of 11.0 years. Time course and co-expression network analyses of gene expression patterns over time indicated a non-gradual aging pattern. It was characterized by networks of genes that became differentially expressed only late in life, namely after ten years, which associates well with the median maximum lifespan for queens. These old-age gene networks reflect processes of physiological upheaval. We detected strong signs of stress, decline, defense and repair at the transcriptional level of epigenetic control as well as at the post-transcriptional level with changes in transposable element activity and the proteostasis network. The latter depicts an upregulation of protein degradation, together with protein synthesis and protein folding, processes which are often down-regulated in old animals. The simultaneous upregulation of protein synthesis and autophagy is indicative of a stress-response mediated by the transcription factor cnc, a homolog of human nrf genes. Conclusions Our results show non-linear senescence with a rather sudden physiological upheaval at old-age. Most importantly, they point to a re-wiring in the proteostasis network and stress as part of the aging process of social insect queens, shortly before queens die. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07649-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Monroy Kuhn
- Department of Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Institute of Biology I, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 1, D-79104, Freiburg (i. Brsg.), Germany. .,Computational Discovery Research, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Karen Meusemann
- Department of Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Institute of Biology I, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 1, D-79104, Freiburg (i. Brsg.), Germany.,Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO National Research Collections Australia, Clunies Ross Street, Acton, ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia
| | - Judith Korb
- Department of Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Institute of Biology I, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 1, D-79104, Freiburg (i. Brsg.), Germany.
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24
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Margaroli C, Moncada-Giraldo D, Gulick DA, Dobosh B, Giacalone VD, Forrest OA, Sun F, Gu C, Gaggar A, Kissick H, Wu R, Gibson G, Tirouvanziam R. Transcriptional firing represses bactericidal activity in cystic fibrosis airway neutrophils. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100239. [PMID: 33948572 PMCID: PMC8080108 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are often considered terminally differentiated and poised for bacterial killing. In chronic diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF), an unexplained paradox pits massive neutrophil presence against prolonged bacterial infections. Here, we show that neutrophils recruited to CF airways in vivo and in an in vitro transmigration model display rapid and broad transcriptional firing, leading to an upregulation of anabolic genes and a downregulation of antimicrobial genes. Newly transcribed RNAs are mirrored by the appearance of corresponding proteins, confirming active translation in these cells. Treatment by the RNA polymerase II and III inhibitor α-amanitin restores the expression of key antimicrobial genes and increases the bactericidal capacity of CF airway neutrophils in vitro and in short-term sputum cultures ex vivo. Broadly, our findings show that neutrophil plasticity is regulated at the site of inflammation via RNA and protein synthesis, leading to adaptations that affect their canonical functions (i.e., bacterial clearance).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Margaroli
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Diego Moncada-Giraldo
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dalia Arafat Gulick
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian Dobosh
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vincent D. Giacalone
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Osric A. Forrest
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fangxu Sun
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chunhui Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Haydn Kissick
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ronghu Wu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Greg Gibson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rabindra Tirouvanziam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
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25
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Tang X, Angst G, Haas M, Yang F, Wang C. The Characterization of a Subependymal Giant Astrocytoma-Like Cell Line from Murine Astrocyte with mTORC1 Hyperactivation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084116. [PMID: 33923449 PMCID: PMC8074262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder caused by inactivating mutations in TSC1 (hamartin) or TSC2 (tuberin), crucial negative regulators of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway. TSC affects multiple organs including the brain. The neurologic manifestation is characterized by cortical tubers, subependymal nodules (SEN), and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) in brain. SEGAs may result in hydrocephalus in TSC patients and mTORC1 inhibitors are the current recommended therapy for SEGA. Nevertheless, a major limitation in the research for SEGA is the lack of cell lines or animal models for mechanistic investigations and development of novel therapy. In this study, we generated TSC1-deficient neural cells from spontaneously immortalized mouse astrocytes in an attempt to mimic human SEGA. The TSC1-deficient cells exhibit mTORC1 hyperactivation and characteristics of transition from astrocytes to neural stem/progenitor cell phenotypes. Rapamycin efficiently decreased mTORC1 activity of these TSC1-deficient cells in vitro. In vivo, TSC1-deficient cells could form SEGA-like tumors and Rapamycin treatment decreased tumor growth. Collectively, our study generates a novel SEGA-like cell line that is invaluable for studying mTORC1-driven molecular and pathological alterations in neurologic tissue. These SEGA-like cells also provide opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategy for TSC patients with SEGA.
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26
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Koncha RR, Ramachandran G, Sepuri NBV, Ramaiah KVA. CCCP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction - characterization and analysis of integrated stress response to cellular signaling and homeostasis. FEBS J 2021; 288:5737-5754. [PMID: 33837631 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone), an inhibitor of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, evokes the integrated stress response (ISR), which is analyzed here by eIF2α phosphorylation and expression profiles of ATF4 and CHOP proteins. Our findings suggest that the CCCP-induced ISR pathway is mediated by activation of HRI kinase, but not by GCN2, PERK, or PKR. Also, CCCP activates AMPK, a cellular energy sensor, and AKT, a regulator implicated in cell survival, and suppresses phosphorylation of mTORC1 substrates eIF4E-BP1 and S6K. CCCP also downregulates translation and promotes autophagy, leading to noncaspase-mediated cell death in HepG2 cells. All these events are neutralized by NAC, an anti-ROS, suggesting that CCCP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction promotes oxidative stress. ISRIB, an inhibitor of the ISR pathway, mitigates CCCP-induced expression of ATF4 and CHOP, activation of AKT, and autophagy, similar to NAC. However, it fails to reverse CCCP-induced AMPK activation, suggesting that CCCP-induced autophagy is dependent on ISR and independent of AMPK activation. ISRIB restores partly, inhibition in eIF4E-BP1 phosphorylation, promotes eIF2α phosphorylation, albeit slowly, and mitigates suppression of translation accordingly, in CCCP-treated cells. These findings are consistent with the idea that CCCP-induced oxidative stress leading to eIF2α phosphorylation and ATF4 expression, which is known to stimulate genes involved in autophagy, play a pro-survival role together with AKT activation and regulate mTOR-mediated eIF4E-BP1 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gayatri Ramachandran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, India
| | - Naresh Babu V Sepuri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, India
| | - Kolluru V A Ramaiah
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, India
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27
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Liang Q, Dong W, Ou M, Li Z, Liu C, Wang F, Liu Y, Wang W. miR-151 Affects Low-Temperature Tolerance of Penaeus vannamei by Modulating Autophagy Under Low-Temperature Stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:595108. [PMID: 33898416 PMCID: PMC8064728 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.595108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in many physiologic and pathologic processes, including autophagy. Autophagy is cellular in an emergency response mechanism of environment stress, but their complex molecular regulatory mechanism under low-temperature stress is largely unknown in shrimp, especially miRNA-mediated regulation of autophagy in low-temperature tolerance. In this article, a shrimp PvTOR and miRNA pva-miR-151 cooperation in response to low-temperature stress has been reported. Pva-miR-151 showed expression patterns opposite to target PvTOR under low-temperature stress. The pva-miR-151 targets the 3'-UTR region of PvTOR, regulate the formation of autophagosome, which contribute to the degradation and recycling of damaged organelles. In addition, the low-temperature tolerance was correlated positively with autophagy in shrimp. Silenced pva-miR-151 increased sensitivity to low-temperature stress, whereas overexpression pva-miR-151 decreased the expression of PvTOR and p-TOR and increased tolerance to low-temperature stress by improving the formation of autophagosome and total hemocyte count. In addition, the TOR activator 3BDO can partially rescue autophagy induced by overexpression of pva-miR-151; these results indicate that miR-151 was necessary for the low-temperature tolerance in shrimp. Taken together, we provide a novel strategy and mechanism for shrimp breeding to improve shrimp low-temperature tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- QingJian Liang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - WenNa Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - MuFei Ou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - ZhongHua Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - FeiFei Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - WeiNa Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Sato A, Kimura T, Hondo K, Kawano-Kawada M, Sekito T. The vacuolar amino acid transport system is a novel, direct target of GATA transcription factors. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:587-599. [PMID: 33624780 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Avt4 exports neutral and basic amino acids from vacuoles. Previous studies have suggested that the GATA transcription factors, Gln3 and Gat1, which are key regulators that adapt cells in response to changes in amino acid status, are involved in the AVT4 transcription. Here, we show that mutations in the putative GATA-binding sites of the AVT4 promoter reduced AVT4 expression. Consistently, a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay revealed that Gat1-Myc13 binds to the AVT4 promoter. Previous microarray results were confirmed that gln3∆gat1∆ cells showed a decrease in expression of AVT1 and AVT7, which also encode vacuolar amino acid transporters. Additionally, ChIP analysis revealed that the AVT6 encoding vacuolar acidic amino acid exporter represents a new direct target of the GATA transcription factor. The broad effect of the GATA transcription factors on the expression of AVT transporters suggests that vacuolar amino acid transport is integrated into cellular amino acid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takumi Kimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kana Hondo
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kawano-Kawada
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.,Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.,Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sekito
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.,Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
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29
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Giannios P, Casanova J. Systemic and local effect of the Drosophila headcase gene and its role in stress protection of Adult Progenitor Cells. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009362. [PMID: 33556132 PMCID: PMC7895379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the development of a holometabolous insect such as Drosophila, specific group of cells in the larva survive during metamorphosis, unlike the other larval cells, and finally give rise to the differentiated adult structures. These cells, also known as Adult Progenitor Cells (APCs), maintain their multipotent capacity, differentially respond to hormonal and nutritional signals, survive the intrinsic and environmental stress and respond to the final differentiation cues. However, not much is known about the specific molecular mechanisms that account for their unique characteristics. Here we show that a specific Drosophila APC gene, headcase (hdc), has a dual role in the normal development of these cells. It acts at a systemic level by controlling the hormone ecdysone in the prothoracic gland and at the same time it acts locally as a tissue growth suppressor in the APC clusters, where it modulates the activity of the TOR pathway and promotes their survival by contributing in the regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response. We also show that hdc provides protection against stress in the APCs and that its ectopic expression in cells that do not usually express hdc can confer these cells with an additional stress protection. Hdc is the founding member of a group of homolog proteins identified from C. elegans to humans, where has been found associated with cancer progression. The finding that the Drosophila hdc is specifically expressed in progenitor cells and that it provides protection against stress opens up a new hypothesis to be explored regarding the role of the human Heca and its contribution to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Giannios
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Casanova
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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30
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Zhao Y, Wang XQ. The hot issue: TOR signalling network in plants. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 48:1-7. [PMID: 32905758 DOI: 10.1071/fp20071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling network plays a pivotal role in regulating sugar metabolism and life-span in yeast, plants and mammals, in which TOR functions as a crucial protein. In plants, the TOR complex comprises TOR, RAPTOR (regulatory-associated protein of TOR) and LST8 (lethal with SEC13 protein 8). Factors like light, auxin, glucose, sucrose and amino acid can activate TOR protein as upstream signals to further phosphorylate downstream factors of TOR which promote cell proliferation and growth in plants. In this review, we analyse the TOR signalling network in plants and discuss the relationship between glucose and TOR, as well as the dynamic balance between TOR and sucrose-non-fermenting-related protein kinases (SnRKs). Given that 63 novel TOR-regulated proteins have been identified in previous studies, we also believe there are many unknown functions of TOR that need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiu-Qin Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; and Corresponding author.
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31
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Cenni V, Capanni C, Mattioli E, Schena E, Squarzoni S, Bacalini MG, Garagnani P, Salvioli S, Franceschi C, Lattanzi G. Lamin A involvement in ageing processes. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101073. [PMID: 32446955 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lamin A, a main constituent of the nuclear lamina, is the major splicing product of the LMNA gene, which also encodes lamin C, lamin A delta 10 and lamin C2. Involvement of lamin A in the ageing process became clear after the discovery that a group of progeroid syndromes, currently referred to as progeroid laminopathies, are caused by mutations in LMNA gene. Progeroid laminopathies include Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria, Mandibuloacral Dysplasia, Atypical Progeria and atypical-Werner syndrome, disabling and life-threatening diseases with accelerated ageing, bone resorption, lipodystrophy, skin abnormalities and cardiovascular disorders. Defects in lamin A post-translational maturation occur in progeroid syndromes and accumulated prelamin A affects ageing-related processes, such as mTOR signaling, epigenetic modifications, stress response, inflammation, microRNA activation and mechanosignaling. In this review, we briefly describe the role of these pathways in physiological ageing and go in deep into lamin A-dependent mechanisms that accelerate the ageing process. Finally, we propose that lamin A acts as a sensor of cell intrinsic and environmental stress through transient prelamin A accumulation, which triggers stress response mechanisms. Exacerbation of lamin A sensor activity due to stably elevated prelamin A levels contributes to the onset of a permanent stress response condition, which triggers accelerated ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Cenni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Capanni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mattioli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Schena
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Squarzoni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge, University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Changes, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
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32
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Jung SH, Meckes JK, Schipma MJ, Lim PH, Jenz ST, Przybyl K, Wert SL, Kim S, Luo W, Gacek SA, Jankord R, Hatcher-Solis C, Redei EE. Strain Differences in Responsiveness to Repeated Restraint Stress Affect Remote Contextual Fear Memory and Blood Transcriptomics. Neuroscience 2020; 444:76-91. [PMID: 32768618 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of stress in altering fear memory is not well understood. Since individual variations in stress reactivity exist, and stress alters fear memory, exposing individuals with differing stress-reactivity to repeated stress would affect their fear memory to various degrees. We explored this question using the average stress-reactive Fisher 344 (F344) rat strain and the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) strain with its heightened stress-reactivity. Male F344 and WKY rats were exposed to the contextual fear conditioning (CFC) paradigm and then chronic restraint stress (CRS) or no stress (NS) was administered for two weeks before a second CFC. Both recent and reinstated fear memory were greater in F344s than WKYs, regardless of the stress status. In contrast, remote memory was attenuated only in F344s after CRS. In determining whether this strain-specific response to CRS was mirrored by transcriptomic changes in the blood, RNA sequencing was carried out. Overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NS and CRS in the blood of F344 and WKY suggest a convergence of stress-related molecular mechanisms, independent of stress-reactivity. In contrast, DEGs unique to the F344 and the WKY stress responses are divergent in their functionality and networks, beyond that of strain differences in their non-stressed state. These results suggest that in some individuals chronic or repeated stress, different from the original fear memory-provoking stress, can attenuate prior fear memory. Furthermore, the novel blood DEGs can report on the general state of stress of the individual, or can be associated with individual variation in stress-responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung H Jung
- Applied Neuroscience, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA
| | - Jeanie K Meckes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew J Schipma
- NUSeq Core, Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patrick H Lim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sophia T Jenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine Przybyl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephanie L Wert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wendy Luo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephanie A Gacek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan Jankord
- Applied Neuroscience, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA
| | - Candice Hatcher-Solis
- Applied Neuroscience, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA
| | - Eva E Redei
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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33
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Tamir TY, Bowman BM, Agajanian MJ, Goldfarb D, Schrank TP, Stohrer T, Hale AE, Siesser PF, Weir SJ, Murphy RM, LaPak KM, Weissman BE, Moorman NJ, Major MB. Gain-of-function genetic screen of the kinome reveals BRSK2 as an inhibitor of the NRF2 transcription factor. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs241356. [PMID: 32546533 PMCID: PMC7375482 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.241356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2, also known as NRF2) is a transcription factor and master regulator of cellular antioxidant response. Aberrantly high NRF2-dependent transcription is recurrent in human cancer, but conversely NRF2 activity diminishes with age and in neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. Although NRF2-activating drugs are clinically beneficial, NRF2 inhibitors do not yet exist. Here, we describe use of a gain-of-function genetic screen of the kinome to identify new druggable regulators of NRF2 signaling. We found that the under-studied protein kinase brain-specific kinase 2 (BRSK2) and the related BRSK1 kinases suppress NRF2-dependent transcription and NRF2 protein levels in an activity-dependent manner. Integrated phosphoproteomics and RNAseq studies revealed that BRSK2 drives 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase α2 (AMPK) signaling and suppresses the mTOR pathway. As a result, BRSK2 kinase activation suppresses ribosome-RNA complexes, global protein synthesis and NRF2 protein levels. Collectively, our data illuminate the BRSK2 and BRSK1 kinases, in part by functionally connecting them to NRF2 signaling and mTOR. This signaling axis might prove useful for therapeutically targeting NRF2 in human disease.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigist Y Tamir
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Brittany M Bowman
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Megan J Agajanian
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dennis Goldfarb
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Institute for Informatics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Travis P Schrank
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Trent Stohrer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Andrew E Hale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Priscila F Siesser
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Seth J Weir
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ryan M Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kyle M LaPak
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bernard E Weissman
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Moorman
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - M Ben Major
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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34
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Jin C, Yuan P. Implications of lipid droplets in lung cancer: Associations with drug resistance. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2091-2104. [PMID: 32782526 PMCID: PMC7399769 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells usually show different metabolic patterns compared with healthy cells due to the reprogramming of metabolic processes. The process of lipid metabolism undergoes notable changes, leading to the accumulation of lipid droplets in cells. Additionally, this phenotype is considered an important marker of cancer cells. Lipid droplets are a highly dynamic type of organelle in the cell, which is composed of a neutral lipid core, a monolayer phospholipid membrane and lipid droplet-related proteins. Lipid droplets are involved in several biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, stress, immunity, signal transduction and protein trafficking. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations are currently the most effective therapeutic targets for non-small cell lung cancer. Several EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) that target these mutations, including gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib and osimertinib, have been widely used clinically. However, the development of acquired resistance has a major impact on the efficacy of these drugs. A number of previous studies have reported that the expression of lipid droplets in the tumor tissues of patients with lung cancer are elevated, whereas the association between elevated numbers of lipid droplets and drug resistance has received little attention. The present review describes the potential association between lipid droplets and drug resistance. Furthermore, the mechanisms and implications of lipid droplet accumulation in cancer cells are analyzed, as wells as the mechanism by which lipid droplets suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis, which are essential for the development and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlai Jin
- Department of Surgery, First People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250011, P.R. China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Surgery, First People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250011, P.R. China
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Cipponi A, Goode DL, Bedo J, McCabe MJ, Pajic M, Croucher DR, Rajal AG, Junankar SR, Saunders DN, Lobachevsky P, Papenfuss AT, Nessem D, Nobis M, Warren SC, Timpson P, Cowley M, Vargas AC, Qiu MR, Generali DG, Keerthikumar S, Nguyen U, Corcoran NM, Long GV, Blay JY, Thomas DM. MTOR signaling orchestrates stress-induced mutagenesis, facilitating adaptive evolution in cancer. Science 2020; 368:1127-1131. [PMID: 32499442 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau8768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In microorganisms, evolutionarily conserved mechanisms facilitate adaptation to harsh conditions through stress-induced mutagenesis (SIM). Analogous processes may underpin progression and therapeutic failure in human cancer. We describe SIM in multiple in vitro and in vivo models of human cancers under nongenotoxic drug selection, paradoxically enhancing adaptation at a competing intrinsic fitness cost. A genome-wide approach identified the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) as a stress-sensing rheostat mediating SIM across multiple cancer types and conditions. These observations are consistent with a two-phase model for drug resistance, in which an initially rapid expansion of genetic diversity is counterbalanced by an intrinsic fitness penalty, subsequently normalizing to complete adaptation under the new conditions. This model suggests synthetic lethal strategies to minimize resistance to anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arcadi Cipponi
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia. .,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David L Goode
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin Bedo
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Computing and Information Systems, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark J McCabe
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David R Croucher
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alvaro Gonzalez Rajal
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon R Junankar
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Darren N Saunders
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Computing and Information Systems, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Danielle Nessem
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Max Nobis
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean C Warren
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Cowley
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Ana C Vargas
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Turramurra, NSW, Australia
| | - Min R Qiu
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Anatomical and Molecular Oncology Pathology, SYDPATH, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniele G Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Breast Cancer Unit and Translational Research Unit, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Shivakumar Keerthikumar
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Uyen Nguyen
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Niall M Corcoran
- Division of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Urology, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Wollstonecraft, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Royal North Shore Hospital and Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Centre Leon Berard and Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon, France.,UNICANCER, Paris, France
| | - David M Thomas
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia. .,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Palušová V, Renzová T, Verlande A, Vaclová T, Medková M, Cetlová L, Sedláčková M, Hříbková H, Slaninová I, Krutá M, Rotrekl V, Uhlířová H, Křížová A, Chmelík R, Veselý P, Krafčíková M, Trantírek L, Schink KO, Uldrijan S. Dual Targeting of BRAF and mTOR Signaling in Melanoma Cells with Pyridinyl Imidazole Compounds. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061516. [PMID: 32531927 PMCID: PMC7352453 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF inhibitors can delay the progression of metastatic melanoma, but resistance usually emerges, leading to relapse. Drugs simultaneously targeting two or more pathways essential for cancer growth could slow or prevent the development of resistant clones. Here, we identified pyridinyl imidazole compounds SB202190, SB203580, and SB590885 as dual inhibitors of critical proliferative pathways in human melanoma cells bearing the V600E activating mutation of BRAF kinase. We found that the drugs simultaneously disrupt the BRAF V600E-driven extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in melanoma cells. Pyridinyl imidazole compounds directly inhibit BRAF V600E kinase. Moreover, they interfere with the endolysosomal compartment, promoting the accumulation of large acidic vacuole-like vesicles and dynamic changes in mTOR signaling. A transient increase in mTORC1 activity is followed by the enrichment of the Ragulator complex protein p18/LAMTOR1 at contact sites of large vesicles and delocalization of mTOR from the lysosomes. The induced disruption of the endolysosomal pathway not only disrupts mTORC1 signaling, but also renders melanoma cells sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Our findings identify new activities of pharmacologically relevant small molecule compounds and provide a biological rationale for the development of anti-melanoma therapeutics based on the pyridinyl imidazole core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Palušová
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Renzová
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Amandine Verlande
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Tereza Vaclová
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Michaela Medková
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Linda Cetlová
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Miroslava Sedláčková
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Hana Hříbková
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Iva Slaninová
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Miriama Krutá
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Vladimír Rotrekl
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Uhlířová
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.U.); (R.C.)
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (P.V.)
| | - Aneta Křížová
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (P.V.)
| | - Radim Chmelík
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.U.); (R.C.)
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (P.V.)
| | - Pavel Veselý
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (P.V.)
| | - Michaela Krafčíková
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Lukáš Trantírek
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Kay Oliver Schink
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stjepan Uldrijan
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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37
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Differences in gene modulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that maturity plays an important role in the high hydrostatic pressure stress response and resistance. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:440-446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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38
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Abdo Qaid EY, Zulkipli NN, Zakaria R, Ahmad AH, Othman Z, Muthuraju S, Sasongko TH. The role of mTOR signalling pathway in hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:482-488. [PMID: 32202188 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1746308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia has been associated with cognitive impairment. Many studies have investigated the role of mTOR signalling pathway in cognitive functions but its role in hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment remains controversial. This review aimed to elucidate the role of mTOR in the mechanisms of cognitive impairment that may pave the way towards the mechanistic understanding and therapeutic intervention of hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment. mTORC1 is normally regulated during mild or acute hypoxic exposure giving rise to neuroprotection, whereas it is overactivated during severe or chronic hypoxia giving rise to neuronal cells death. Thus, it is worth exploring the possibility of maintaining normal mTORC1 activity and thereby preventing cognitive impairment during severe or chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ninie Nadia Zulkipli
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Rahimah Zakaria
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Asma Hayati Ahmad
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Zahiruddin Othman
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Sangu Muthuraju
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Teguh Haryo Sasongko
- Perdana University-RCSI School of Medicine, Perdana University Center for Research Excellence, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
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39
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Willis SD, Hanley SE, Beishke T, Tati PD, Cooper KF. Ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated cyclin C degradation promotes cell survival following nitrogen starvation. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1015-1031. [PMID: 32160104 PMCID: PMC7346723 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-11-0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stress elicits well-orchestrated programs that either restore cellular homeostasis or induce cell death depending on the insult. Nutrient starvation triggers the autophagic pathway that requires the induction of several Autophagy (ATG) genes. Cyclin C-cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk8) is a component of the RNA polymerase II Mediator complex that predominantly represses the transcription of stress-responsive genes in yeast. To relieve this repression following oxidative stress, cyclin C translocates to the mitochondria where it induces organelle fragmentation and promotes cell death prior to its destruction by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Here we report that cyclin C-Cdk8, together with the Ume6-Rpd3 histone deacetylase complex, represses the essential autophagy gene ATG8. Similar to oxidative stress, cyclin C is destroyed by the UPS following nitrogen starvation. Removing this repression is important as deleting CNC1 allows enhanced cell growth under mild starvation. However, unlike oxidative stress, cyclin C is destroyed prior to its cytoplasmic translocation. This is important as targeting cyclin C to the mitochondria induces both mitochondrial fragmentation and cell death following nitrogen starvation. These results indicate that cyclin C destruction pathways are fine tuned depending on the stress and that its terminal subcellular address influences the decision between initiating cell death or cell survival pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Willis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084
| | - Sara E Hanley
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084
| | - Thomas Beishke
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084
| | - Prasanna D Tati
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084
| | - Katrina F Cooper
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084
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40
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Roque W, Cuevas-Mora K, Romero F. Mitochondrial Quality Control in Age-Related Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020643. [PMID: 31963720 PMCID: PMC7013724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is age-related interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. About 100,000 people in the U.S have IPF, with a 3-year median life expectancy post-diagnosis. The development of an effective treatment for pulmonary fibrosis will require an improved understanding of its molecular pathogenesis and the “normal” and “pathological’ hallmarks of the aging lung. An important characteristic of the aging organism is its lowered capacity to adapt quickly to, and counteract, disturbances. While it is likely that DNA damage, chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and accumulation of heat shock proteins are capable of initiating tissue repair, recent studies point to a pathogenic role for mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. These studies suggest that damage to the mitochondria induces fibrotic remodeling through a variety of mechanisms including the activation of apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) has been demonstrated to play an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. Different factors can induce MQC, including mitochondrial DNA damage, proteostasis dysfunction, and mitochondrial protein translational inhibition. MQC constitutes a complex signaling response that affects mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, fusion/fission and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) that, together, can produce new mitochondria, degrade the components of the oxidative complex or clearance the entire organelle. In pulmonary fibrosis, defects in mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis have been implicated in both cellular apoptosis and senescence during tissue repair. MQC has also been found to have a role in the regulation of other protein activity, inflammatory mediators, latent growth factors, and anti-fibrotic growth factors. In this review, we delineated the role of MQC in the pathogenesis of age-related pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Roque
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103, USA;
| | - Karina Cuevas-Mora
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Freddy Romero
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Liang Q, Ou M, Li Z, Ren Y, Wei W, Qiao X, Hu R, Wu X, Liu Y, Wang W. Functional analysis target of rapamycin (TOR) on the Penaeus vannamei in response to acute low temperature stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 96:53-61. [PMID: 31801694 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Target of rapamycin (TOR) is an atypical of Ser/Thr protein kinase that plays an important role in many aspects such as cell growth, reproduction, differentiation, cell cycle regulation, autophagy and apoptosis. However, little information is known about the enzyme in crustaceans. Here, a novel TOR was identified from shrimp Penaeus vannamei (PvTOR) and its biological functions were investigated in response low temperature stress. The PvTOR gene encoded a polypeptide of 2464 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 279.4 kD and a predicted isoelectronic point (pI) of 7.30. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PvTOR shared high similarity with other known species. PvTOR mRNA was detected in all the tested tissues and highest transcription in muscle and hepatopancreas. PvTOR transcriptional level was up-regulated significantly at 1.5 h and 3 h, and down-regulated at 12 h and 24 h after low temperature stress. TEM and autophagy indicator system GFP-PvLC3 suggested that low temperature induced autophagy generation. ROS, Ca2+ concentration and apoptosis rate were increased significantly in TOR-knockdown shrimp after low temperature stress. The autophagy associated gene ATG8II/I, PvBeclin-1, PvATG14, apoptosis gene PvPARP, Pvcasp-3, PvBAX and Pvp53 transcripts, and casp-3/8 activity in hemocyte were increased significantly in TOR-knockdown group shrimp at 3 h after low temperature stress. Additionally, THC counts of TOR-knockdown group were significantly higher than the dsGFP group. In summary, these results suggested that PvTOR plays an important role in the adaptation mechanisms of shrimp at low temperature by regulating autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- QingJian Liang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Mufei Ou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - ZhongHua Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - YingHao Ren
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xueli Qiao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Rui Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - XuJian Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Weina Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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42
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He S, Yu Q, He Y, Hu R, Xia S, He J. Dietary resveratrol supplementation inhibits heat stress-induced high-activated innate immunity and inflammatory response in spleen of yellow-feather broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:6378-6387. [PMID: 31406997 PMCID: PMC8913767 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary resveratrol supplementation on innate immunity and inflammatory responses in the spleen of yellow-feather broilers under heat stress. A total of 288 yellow-feather broilers of 28-day-old were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups with 6 replicates. A thermo-neutral group (TN) (24 ± 2°C) received a basal diet and another 2 heat-stressed groups (37 ± 2°C for 8 h/D and 24 ± 2°C for the remaining time) were fed the basal diet (HT) or basal diet with 500 mg/kg resveratrol (HT+Res) for 14 consecutive days. The results showed that heat stress decreased (P < 0.05) the growth index of thymus, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius, reduced (P < 0.05) the levels of complement C3 and C4 in serum. Heat stress also caused activation of inflammatory immune responses evidenced by increased (P < 0.05) the mRNA abundance of HSP (heat shock protein) 70, toll-like receptor (TLR)1, TLR4, TLR5, myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), Dectin-1, transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, but decreased the mRNA abundance of interferon (IFN)-γ, activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and phosphoinositide-3 kinases-protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathways. Dietary supplementation with resveratrol improved (P < 0.05) the growth index of thymus, spleen and bursa Fabricius, and increased (P < 0.05) the serum level of complement C3 under heat stress. In addition, resveratrol reduced (P < 0.05) the mRNA abundance of HSP70, TLR4, TLR5, NOD1, Dectin-1, and TAK1, and inhibited the NF-κB, MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway via down-regulated the phosphorylation of p65, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase and AKT, as well as decreased the inflammatory cytokines expression, including IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α in the spleen under heat stress. Collectively, dietary resveratrol could have beneficial effects to regulate innate immunity and inflammatory response, via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways induced by heat stress in the spleen.
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Rezaei-Lotfi S, Hunter N, Farahani RM. β-Catenin: A Metazoan Filter for Biological Noise? Front Genet 2019; 10:1004. [PMID: 31681432 PMCID: PMC6805772 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular noise refers to fluctuations of biological signals that facilitate phenotypic heterogeneity in a population. While endogenous mechanisms exist to limit genetic noise in biological systems, such restrictions are sometimes removed to propel phenotypic variability as an adaptive strategy. Herein, we review evidence for the potential role of β-catenin in restricting gene expression noise by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. We discuss mechanisms that restrict intrinsic noise subsequent to nuclear mobilization of β-catenin. Nuclear β-catenin promotes initiation of transcription but buffers against the resultant noise by restraining transcription elongation. Acceleration of cell cycle, mediated via Wnt/β-catenin downstream signals, further diminishes intrinsic noise by curtailing the efficiency of protein synthesis. Extrinsic noise, on the other hand, is restricted by β-catenin–mediated regulation of major cellular stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Rezaei-Lotfi
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Neil Hunter
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ramin M Farahani
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Jarc E, Petan T. Lipid Droplets and the Management of Cellular Stress. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:435-452. [PMID: 31543707 PMCID: PMC6747940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are cytosolic fat storage organelles present in most eukaryotic cells. Long regarded merely as inert fat reservoirs, they are now emerging as major regulators of cellular metabolism. They act as hubs that coordinate the pathways of lipid uptake, distribution, storage, and use in the cell. Recent studies have revealed that they are also essential components of the cellular stress response. One of the hallmark characteristics of lipid droplets is their capacity to buffer excess lipids and to finely tune their subsequent release based on specific cellular requirements. This simple feature of lipid droplet biology, buffering and delayed release of lipids, forms the basis for their pleiotropic roles in the cellular stress response. In stressed cells, lipid droplets maintain energy and redox homeostasis and protect against lipotoxicity by sequestering toxic lipids into their neutral lipid core. Their mobility and dynamic interactions with mitochondria enable an efficient delivery of fatty acids for optimal energy production. Lipid droplets are also involved in the maintenance of membrane and organelle homeostasis by regulating membrane composition, preventing lipid peroxidation and removing damaged proteins and lipids. Finally, they also engage in a symbiotic relationship with autophagy and act as reservoirs of bioactive lipids that regulate inflammation and immunity. Thus, lipid droplets are central managers of lipid metabolism that function as safeguards against various types of cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Jarc
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia,Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Toni Petan
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Toni Petan, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Tel: +386 1 477 3713, Fax: +386 1 477 3984,
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The Bone Marrow Protects and Optimizes Immunological Memory during Dietary Restriction. Cell 2019; 178:1088-1101.e15. [PMID: 31442402 PMCID: PMC6818271 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mammals evolved in the face of fluctuating food availability. How the immune system adapts to transient nutritional stress remains poorly understood. Here, we show that memory T cells collapsed in secondary lymphoid organs in the context of dietary restriction (DR) but dramatically accumulated within the bone marrow (BM), where they adopted a state associated with energy conservation. This response was coordinated by glucocorticoids and associated with a profound remodeling of the BM compartment, which included an increase in T cell homing factors, erythropoiesis, and adipogenesis. Adipocytes, as well as CXCR4-CXCL12 and S1P-S1P1R interactions, contributed to enhanced T cell accumulation in BM during DR. Memory T cell homing to BM during DR was associated with enhanced protection against infections and tumors. Together, this work uncovers a fundamental host strategy to sustain and optimize immunological memory during nutritional challenges that involved a temporal and spatial reorganization of the memory pool within "safe haven" compartments.
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de Diego I, Peleg S, Fuchs B. The role of lipids in aging-related metabolic changes. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 222:59-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Ohnishi T, Balan S, Toyoshima M, Maekawa M, Ohba H, Watanabe A, Iwayama Y, Fujita Y, Tan Y, Hisano Y, Shimamoto-Mitsuyama C, Nozaki Y, Esaki K, Nagaoka A, Matsumoto J, Hino M, Mataga N, Hayashi-Takagi A, Hashimoto K, Kunii Y, Kakita A, Yabe H, Yoshikawa T. Investigation of betaine as a novel psychotherapeutic for schizophrenia. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:432-446. [PMID: 31255657 PMCID: PMC6642071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Betaine is known to act against various biological stresses and its levels were reported to be decreased in schizophrenia patients. We aimed to test the role of betaine in schizophrenia pathophysiology, and to evaluate its potential as a novel psychotherapeutic. Methods Using Chdh (a gene for betaine synthesis)-deficient mice and betaine-supplemented inbred mice, we assessed the role of betaine in psychiatric pathophysiology, and its potential as a novel psychotherapeutic, by leveraging metabolomics, behavioral-, transcriptomics and DNA methylation analyses. Findings The Chdh-deficient mice revealed remnants of psychiatric behaviors along with schizophrenia-related molecular perturbations in the brain. Betaine supplementation elicited genetic background-dependent improvement in cognitive performance, and suppressed methamphetamine (MAP)-induced behavioral sensitization. Furthermore, betaine rectified the altered antioxidative and proinflammatory responses induced by MAP and in vitro phencyclidine (PCP) treatments. Betaine also showed a prophylactic effect on behavioral abnormality induced by PCP. Notably, betaine levels were decreased in the postmortem brains from schizophrenia, and a coexisting elevated carbonyl stress, a form of oxidative stress, demarcated a subset of schizophrenia with “betaine deficit-oxidative stress pathology”. We revealed the decrease of betaine levels in glyoxylase 1 (GLO1)-deficient hiPSCs, which shows elevated carbonyl stress, and the efficacy of betaine in alleviating it, thus supporting a causal link between betaine and oxidative stress conditions. Furthermore, a CHDH variant, rs35518479, was identified as a cis-expression quantitative trait locus (QTL) for CHDH expression in postmortem brains from schizophrenia, allowing genotype-based stratification of schizophrenia patients for betaine efficacy. Interpretation The present study revealed the role of betaine in psychiatric pathophysiology and underscores the potential benefit of betaine in a subset of schizophrenia. Fund This study was supported by the Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences from AMED (Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development) under Grant Numbers JP18dm0107083 and JP19dm0107083 (TY), JP18dm0107129 (MM), JP18dm0107086 (YK), JP18dm0107107 (HY), JP18dm0107104 (AK) and JP19dm0107119 (KH), by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas from the MEXT under Grant Numbers JP18H05435 (TY), JP18H05433 (AH.-T), JP18H05428 (AH.-T and TY), and JP16H06277 (HY), and by JSPS KAKENHI under Grant Number JP17H01574 (TY). In addition, this study was supported by the Collaborative Research Project of Brain Research Institute, Niigata University under Grant Numbers 2018–2809 (YK) and RIKEN Epigenetics Presidential Fund (100214–201801063606-340120) (TY).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Ohnishi
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shabeesh Balan
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Manabu Toyoshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hisako Ohba
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiko Watanabe
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan; Support Unit for Bio-Material Analysis, Research Resources Division, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujita
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yunfei Tan
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hisano
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Yayoi Nozaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kayoko Esaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nagaoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mizuki Hino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Nobuko Mataga
- Support Unit for Bio-Material Analysis, Research Resources Division, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiko Hayashi-Takagi
- Laboratory of Medical Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Aizu Medical Center, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
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Selvarajah B, Azuelos I, Platé M, Guillotin D, Forty EJ, Contento G, Woodcock HV, Redding M, Taylor A, Brunori G, Durrenberger PF, Ronzoni R, Blanchard AD, Mercer PF, Anastasiou D, Chambers RC. mTORC1 amplifies the ATF4-dependent de novo serine-glycine pathway to supply glycine during TGF-β 1-induced collagen biosynthesis. Sci Signal 2019; 12:eaav3048. [PMID: 31113850 PMCID: PMC6584619 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav3048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation of fibroblasts into a transient population of highly activated, extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing myofibroblasts at sites of tissue injury is critical for normal tissue repair. Excessive myofibroblast accumulation and persistence, often as a result of a failure to undergo apoptosis when tissue repair is complete, lead to pathological fibrosis and are also features of the stromal response in cancer. Myofibroblast differentiation is accompanied by changes in cellular metabolism, including increased glycolysis, to meet the biosynthetic demands of enhanced ECM production. Here, we showed that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), the key pro-fibrotic cytokine implicated in multiple fibrotic conditions, increased the production of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), the transcriptional master regulator of amino acid metabolism, to supply glucose-derived glycine to meet the amino acid requirements associated with enhanced collagen production in response to myofibroblast differentiation. We further delineated the signaling pathways involved and showed that TGF-β1-induced ATF4 production depended on cooperation between canonical TGF-β1 signaling through Smad3 and activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and its downstream target eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). ATF4, in turn, promoted the transcription of genes encoding enzymes of the de novo serine-glycine biosynthetic pathway and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Our findings suggest that targeting the TGF-β1-mTORC1-ATF4 axis may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for interfering with myofibroblast function in fibrosis and potentially in other conditions, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brintha Selvarajah
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Ilan Azuelos
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Manuela Platé
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Delphine Guillotin
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Ellen J Forty
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Greg Contento
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Hannah V Woodcock
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Matthew Redding
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Adam Taylor
- Fibrosis Discovery Performance Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Gino Brunori
- GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre for R&D, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire, SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Pascal F Durrenberger
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Riccardo Ronzoni
- Centre for Respiratory Biology, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Andy D Blanchard
- Fibrosis Discovery Performance Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Paul F Mercer
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | | | - Rachel C Chambers
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
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Sirotkin AV, Adamcova E, Rotili D, Mai A, Mlyncek M, Mansour L, Alwasel S, Harrath AH. Comparison of the effects of synthetic and plant-derived mTOR regulators on healthy human ovarian cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:70-78. [PMID: 30959047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present in vitro study was to compare the effects of synthetic and plant-derived mTOR regulators on healthy human ovarian cells. We compared the effect of two synthetic mammalian mTOR blockers MC2141 and MC2183 with that of natural/plant-derived mTOR blocker rapamycin and mTOR activator resveratrol on cultured human ovarian granulosa cells. We evaluated the accumulation of markers for the mTOR system (sirtuin 1; SIRT 1), proliferation (PCNA), and apoptosis (caspase 3) along with the expression of the transcription factor p53 by quantitative immunocytochemistry. It was observed that MC2183 but not MC2141 or rapamycin reduced SIRT 1 accumulation. MC2141, MC2183, and rapamycin inhibited the accumulation of PCNA, caspase 3, and p53. On the contrary, resveratrol promoted the accumulation of SIRT-1, PCNA, caspase 3, and p53. We have demonstrated the involvement of the mTOR system in the regulation of healthy human ovarian cell proliferation and apoptosis for the first time and indicated that the action of mTOR regulators on ovarian cell apoptosis can be mediated by p53. We have further shown that mTOR regulators can affect ovarian functions without any changes in SIRT-1 accumulation and that the stimulatory effects of resveratrol on analyzed ovarian cell functions are opposite to the inhibitory effects of rapamycin and synthetic mTOR blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Sirotkin
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia; Research Institute of Animal Production Nitra, 949 59, Lužianky, Slovakia; King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Erika Adamcova
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy; Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Milos Mlyncek
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia; Faculty Hospital in Nitra, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Offspring of Mice Exposed to a Low-Protein Diet in Utero Demonstrate Changes in mTOR Signaling in Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans, Associated with Altered Glucagon and Insulin Expression and a Lower β-Cell Mass. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030605. [PMID: 30871106 PMCID: PMC6471519 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low birth weight is a risk factor for gestational and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Since mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) controls pancreatic β-cell mass and hormone release, we hypothesized that nutritional insult in utero might permanently alter mTOR signaling. Mice were fed a low-protein (LP, 8%) or control (C, 20%) diet throughout pregnancy, and offspring examined until 130 days age. Mice receiving LP were born 12% smaller and β-cell mass was significantly reduced throughout life. Islet mTOR levels were lower in LP-exposed mice and localized predominantly to α-rather than β-cells. Incubation of isolated mouse islets with rapamycin significantly reduced cell proliferation while increasing apoptosis. mRNA levels for mTORC complex genes mTOR, Rictor and Raptor were elevated at 7 days in LP mice, as were the mTOR and Raptor proteins. Proglucagon gene expression was similarly increased, but not insulin or the immune/metabolic defense protein STING. In human and mouse pancreas STING was strongly associated with islet β-cells. Results support long-term changes in islet mTOR signaling in response to nutritional insult in utero, with altered expression of glucagon and insulin and a reduced β-cell mass. This may contribute to an increased risk of gestational or type 2 diabetes.
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