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Arrieta O, Arroyo-Hernández M, Soberanis-Piña PD, Viola L, Del Re M, Russo A, de Miguel-Perez D, Cardona AF, Rolfo C. Facing an un-met need in lung cancer screening: The never smokers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 202:104436. [PMID: 38977146 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and the second most common cancer in both men and women. In addition to smoking, other risk factors, such as environmental tobacco smoke, air pollution, biomass combustion, radon gas, occupational exposure, lung disease, family history of cancer, geographic variability, and genetic factors, play an essential role in developing LC. Current screening guidelines and eligibility criteria have limited efficacy in identifying LC cases (50 %), as most screening programs primarily target subjects with a smoking history as the leading risk factor. Implementing LC screening programs in people who have never smoked (PNS) can significantly impact cancer-specific survival and early disease detection. However, the available evidence regarding the feasibility and effectiveness of such programs is limited. Therefore, further research on LC screening in PNS is warranted to determine the necessary techniques for accurately identifying individuals who should be included in screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Lucia Viola
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego de Miguel-Perez
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrés F Cardona
- Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo Cancer Treatment and Research Center 1/ Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC)/ Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox‑G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA.
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Cortés Valenzuela DC, Vega Medina PA, Palma García FJ, Castillo-Fernandez O. EGFR-mutated lung cancer as a secondary neoplasm in a patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome: case report. AME Case Rep 2024; 8:76. [PMID: 39091538 PMCID: PMC11292096 DOI: 10.21037/acr-23-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare hereditary disorder caused by mutations in the tumor protein p53 (TP53). It causes a predisposition for the development of multiple malignancies, primarily including breast cancers, sarcomas, and central nervous system tumors. There are a few cases reported in the literature of patients with LFS presenting with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutated lung cancer. Still, it has been suggested that there may be an association between the TP53 pathogenic variant and lung cancer with EGFR mutation in somatic cells. Case Description A 47-year-old non-smoker woman with LFS with a history of multiple tumors, including bilateral breast cancer, pecoma, and sarcoma. In one of her computed tomography, a lesion in the lingula of the lung was detected. It was biopsied, which diagnosed lung adenocarcinoma, and genetic studies detected an EGFR exon 19 deletion. She was treated with a left inferior lobectomy, followed by pemetrexed and cisplatin. Conclusions The association between TP53 and lung cancer with EGFR mutation has been suggested in case reports. Studies in lung cancer cell lines have shown a link between TP53 mutation and EGFR overexpression. Nonetheless, as more cases are reported, further research is needed to comprehend the interrelation between these two pathologies and the risk posed by LFS to the emergence of EGFR-mutated lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Omar Castillo-Fernandez
- School of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Oncologic Institute, Panama City, Panama
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Fabrizio FP, Sparaneo A, Gorgoglione G, Battista P, Centra F, Delli Muti F, Trombetta D, Centonza A, Graziano P, Rossi A, Fazio VM, Muscarella LA. Effects of KEAP1 Silencing on NRF2 and NOTCH Pathways in SCLC Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1885. [PMID: 38791966 PMCID: PMC11120002 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The KEAP1/NRF2 pathway is a master regulator of several redox-sensitive genes implicated in the resistance of tumor cells against therapeutic drugs. The dysfunction of the KEAP1/NRF2 system has been correlated with neoplastic patients' outcomes and responses to conventional therapies. In lung tumors, the growth and the progression of cancer cells may also involve the intersection between the molecular NRF2/KEAP1 axis and other pathways, including NOTCH, with implications for antioxidant protection, survival of cancer cells, and drug resistance to therapies. At present, the data concerning the mechanism of aberrant NRF2/NOTCH crosstalk as well as its genetic and epigenetic basis in SCLC are incomplete. To better clarify this point and elucidate the contribution of NRF2/NOTCH crosstalk deregulation in tumorigenesis of SCLC, we investigated genetic and epigenetic dysfunctions of the KEAP1 gene in a subset of SCLC cell lines. Moreover, we assessed its impact on SCLC cells' response to conventional chemotherapies (etoposide, cisplatin, and their combination) and NOTCH inhibitor treatments using DAPT, a γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI). We demonstrated that the KEAP1/NRF2 axis is epigenetically controlled in SCLC cell lines and that silencing of KEAP1 by siRNA induced the upregulation of NRF2 with a consequent increase in SCLC cells' chemoresistance under cisplatin and etoposide treatment. Moreover, KEAP1 modulation also interfered with NOTCH1, HES1, and DLL3 transcription. Our preliminary data provide new insights about the downstream effects of KEAP1 dysfunction on NRF2 and NOTCH deregulation in this type of tumor and corroborate the hypothesis of a cooperation of these two pathways in the tumorigenesis of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pio Fabrizio
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.S.); (G.G.); (P.B.); (F.C.); (F.D.M.); (D.T.); (V.M.F.)
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Sparaneo
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.S.); (G.G.); (P.B.); (F.C.); (F.D.M.); (D.T.); (V.M.F.)
| | - Giusy Gorgoglione
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.S.); (G.G.); (P.B.); (F.C.); (F.D.M.); (D.T.); (V.M.F.)
| | - Pierpaolo Battista
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.S.); (G.G.); (P.B.); (F.C.); (F.D.M.); (D.T.); (V.M.F.)
| | - Flavia Centra
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.S.); (G.G.); (P.B.); (F.C.); (F.D.M.); (D.T.); (V.M.F.)
| | - Francesco Delli Muti
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.S.); (G.G.); (P.B.); (F.C.); (F.D.M.); (D.T.); (V.M.F.)
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.S.); (G.G.); (P.B.); (F.C.); (F.D.M.); (D.T.); (V.M.F.)
| | - Antonella Centonza
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Paolo Graziano
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Oncology Center of Excellence, Therapeutic Science & Strategy Unit, IQVIA, 20124 Milan, Italy
| | - Vito Michele Fazio
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.S.); (G.G.); (P.B.); (F.C.); (F.D.M.); (D.T.); (V.M.F.)
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Anna Muscarella
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.S.); (G.G.); (P.B.); (F.C.); (F.D.M.); (D.T.); (V.M.F.)
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Pei G, Sun K, Yang Y, Wang S, Li M, Ma X, Wang H, Chen L, Qin J, Cao S, Liu J, Huang Y. Classification of multiple primary lung cancer in patients with multifocal lung cancer: assessment of a machine learning approach using multidimensional genomic data. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1388575. [PMID: 38764572 PMCID: PMC11100425 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1388575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) is an increasingly well-known clinical phenomenon. However, its molecular characterizations are poorly understood, and still lacks of effective method to distinguish it from intrapulmonary metastasis (IM). Herein, we propose an identification model based on molecular multidimensional analysis in order to accurately optimize treatment. Methods A total of 112 Chinese lung cancers harboring at least two tumors (n = 270) were enrolled. We retrospectively selected 74 patients with 121 tumor pairs and randomly divided the tumor pairs into a training cohort and a test cohort in a 7:3 ratio. A novel model was established in training cohort, optimized for MPLC identification using comprehensive genomic profiling analyzed by a broad panel with 808 cancer-related genes, and evaluated in the test cohort and a prospective validation cohort of 38 patients with 112 tumors. Results We found differences in molecular characterizations between the two diseases and rigorously selected the characterizations to build an identification model. We evaluated the performance of the classifier using the test cohort data and observed an 89.5% percent agreement (PA) for MPLC and a 100.0% percent agreement for IM. The model showed an excellent area under the curve (AUC) of 0.947 and a 91.3% overall accuracy. Similarly, the assay achieved a considerable performance in the independent validation set with an AUC of 0.938 and an MPLC predictive value of 100%. More importantly, the MPLC predictive value of the classification achieved 100% in both the test set and validation cohort. Compared to our previous mutation-based method, the classifier showed better κ consistencies with clinical classification among all 112 patients (0.84 vs. 0.65, p <.01). Conclusion These data provide novel evidence of MPLC-specific genomic characteristics and demonstrate that our one-step molecular classifier can accurately classify multifocal lung tumors as MPLC or IM, which suggested that broad panel NGS may be a useful tool for assisting with differential diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotian Pei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Haidian Hospital (Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Kunkun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingshun Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Haidian Hospital (Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Haidian Hospital (Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Mingwei Li
- Department of Medical Affairs, Acornmed Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ma
- Department of Medical Affairs, Acornmed Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Huina Wang
- Department of Medical Affairs, Acornmed Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Libin Chen
- Department of Medical Affairs, Acornmed Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayue Qin
- Department of Medical Affairs, Acornmed Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Shanbo Cao
- Department of Medical Affairs, Acornmed Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Haidian Hospital (Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Haidian Hospital (Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
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Saha D, Dang HX, Zhang M, Quigley DA, Feng FY, Maher CA. Single cell-transcriptomic analysis informs the lncRNA landscape in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. NPJ Genom Med 2024; 9:14. [PMID: 38396008 PMCID: PMC10891057 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-024-00401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a lethal form of prostate cancer. Although long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in mCRPC, past studies have relied on bulk sequencing methods with low depth and lack of single-cell resolution. Hence, we performed a lncRNA-focused analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data (n = 14) from mCRPC biopsies followed by integration with bulk multi-omic datasets. This yielded 389 cell-enriched lncRNAs in prostate cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). These lncRNAs demonstrated enrichment with regulatory elements and exhibited alterations during prostate cancer progression. Prostate-lncRNAs were correlated with AR mutational status and response to treatment with enzalutamide, while TME-lncRNAs were associated with RB1 deletions and poor prognosis. Finally, lncRNAs identified between prostate adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors exhibited distinct expression and methylation profiles. Our findings demonstrate the ability of single-cell analysis to refine our understanding of lncRNAs in mCRPC and serve as a resource for future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Saha
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ha X Dang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David A Quigley
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Maher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Malchers F, Nogova L, van Attekum MH, Maas L, Brägelmann J, Bartenhagen C, Girard L, Bosco G, Dahmen I, Michels S, Weeden CE, Scheel AH, Meder L, Golfmann K, Schuldt P, Siemanowski J, Rehker J, Merkelbach-Bruse S, Menon R, Gautschi O, Heuckmann JM, Brambilla E, Asselin-Labat ML, Persigehl T, Minna JD, Walczak H, Ullrich RT, Fischer M, Reinhardt HC, Wolf J, Büttner R, Peifer M, George J, Thomas RK. Somatic rearrangements causing oncogenic ectodomain deletions of FGFR1 in squamous cell lung cancer. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e170217. [PMID: 37606995 PMCID: PMC10617767 DOI: 10.1172/jci170217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of frequent 8p11-p12 amplifications in squamous cell lung cancer (SQLC) has fueled hopes that FGFR1, located inside this amplicon, might be a therapeutic target. In a clinical trial, only 11% of patients with 8p11 amplification (detected by FISH) responded to FGFR kinase inhibitor treatment. To understand the mechanism of FGFR1 dependency, we performed deep genomic characterization of 52 SQLCs with 8p11-p12 amplification, including 10 tumors obtained from patients who had been treated with FGFR inhibitors. We discovered somatically altered variants of FGFR1 with deletion of exons 1-8 that resulted from intragenic tail-to-tail rearrangements. These ectodomain-deficient FGFR1 variants (ΔEC-FGFR1) were expressed in the affected tumors and were tumorigenic in both in vitro and in vivo models of lung cancer. Mechanistically, breakage-fusion-bridges were the source of 8p11-p12 amplification, resulting from frequent head-to-head and tail-to-tail rearrangements. Generally, tail-to-tail rearrangements within or in close proximity upstream of FGFR1 were associated with FGFR1 dependency. Thus, the genomic events shaping the architecture of the 8p11-p12 amplicon provide a mechanistic explanation for the emergence of FGFR1-driven SQLC. Specifically, we believe that FGFR1 ectodomain-deficient and FGFR1-centered amplifications caused by tail-to-tail rearrangements are a novel somatic genomic event that might be predictive of therapeutically relevant FGFR1 dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Malchers
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany Germany
| | - Lucia Nogova
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martijn H.A. van Attekum
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany Germany
| | - Lukas Maas
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany Germany
| | - Johannes Brägelmann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany Germany
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology, Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Bartenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children’s Hospital of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luc Girard
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Graziella Bosco
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany Germany
| | - Ilona Dahmen
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany Germany
| | - Sebastian Michels
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Clare E. Weeden
- Personalized Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andreas H. Scheel
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lydia Meder
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kristina Golfmann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Schuldt
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janna Siemanowski
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Rehker
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine Merkelbach-Bruse
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Gautschi
- University of Berne and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Marie-Liesse Asselin-Labat
- Personalized Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thorsten Persigehl
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - John D. Minna
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Henning Walczak
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roland T. Ullrich
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children’s Hospital of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wolf
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Peifer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Julie George
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany Germany
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roman K. Thomas
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Hashimoto T, Owada Y, Katagiri H, Yakuwa K, Tyo K, Sugai M, Fuzimura I, Utsumi Y, Akiyama M, Nagashima H, Terasaki H, Yanagawa N, Saito H, Sugai T, Maemondo M. Characteristics and prognostic analysis of patients with detected KRAS mutations in resected lung adenocarcinomas by peptide nucleic acid-locked nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction (PNA-LNA PCR) clamp method. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:1862-1875. [PMID: 37854155 PMCID: PMC10579836 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) gene mutations are a type of driver mutation discovered in the 1980s, but for a long time no molecular targeted drugs were available for them. Recently, sotorasib was developed as a molecular targeted drug for KRAS mutations. It is therefore necessary to identify the characteristics of patients with KRAS mutations. Methods This was the single-institution retrospective study. Surgically resected tumors from lung adenocarcinoma patients were collected at a single institution from June 2016 to September 2019. Peptide nucleic acid-locked nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction (PNA-LNA PCR) clamp analysis of KRAS G12X mutations was compared with analysis by therascreen KRAS RGQ kit. The association between KRAS mutation status and patient characteristics and prognosis was assessed. Results Among 499 lung adenocarcinomas, KRAS mutations were evaluated in 197 cases, excluding stage IV lung cancer and tumors with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations. KRAS G12X mutations were detected in 59 cases (29.9%). The highest frequency by gene mutation subtype was G12V in 23 cases (39.0%), followed by G12C in 16 cases (27.1%), G12D in 12 cases (20.3%), G12S in 4 cases (6.8%) and G12A in 2 cases. For the G12C mutation, the PNA-LNA PCR clamp and therascreen methods were consistent, but for the G12D and G12S mutations, the PNA-LNA PCR clamp method showed higher detection rates. In operable tumors, G12C mutations were more frequent in males, smokers, and patients with high expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and had no correlation with prognosis. Conclusions By the PNA-LNA PCR clamp method, G12C mutation of surgical specimens was detected successfully. The PNA-LNA PCR clamp method is expected to be applied to the detection of druggable G12C mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Hashimoto
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Owada
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katagiri
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yakuwa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Katuya Tyo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Mayu Sugai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Itaru Fuzimura
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yu Utsumi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Masachika Akiyama
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nagashima
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Terasaki
- Medical Solution Segment, Advanced Technology Center, Genome Analysis Department, LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Yanagawa
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hajime Saito
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Makoto Maemondo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
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8
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Yang L, Li Z, Binzel DW, Guo P, Williams TM. Targeting oncogenic KRAS in non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR aptamer-conjugated multifunctional RNA nanoparticles. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:559-571. [PMID: 37637206 PMCID: PMC10448464 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
KRAS mutations are one of the most common oncogenic driver mutations in human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and have established roles in cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance. The development of effective inhibitors of mutant KRAS represents a significant challenge. Three-way junction (3WJ)-based multi-functional RNA nanoparticles have the potential to serve as an effective in vivo siRNA delivery platform with the ability to enhance tumor targeting specificity and visualize biodistribution through an imaging moiety. Herein, we assembled novel EGFRapt-3WJ-siKRASG12C mutation targeted nanoparticles to target EGFR-expressing human NSCLC harboring a KRASG12C mutation to silence KRASG12C expression in a tumor cell-specific fashion. We found that EGFRapt-3WJ-siKRASG12C nanoparticles potently depleted cellular KRASG12C expression, resulting in attenuation of downstream MAPK pathway signaling, cell proliferation, migration/invasion ability, and sensitized NSCLC cells to chemoradiotherapy. In vivo, these nanoparticles induced tumor growth inhibition in KRASG12C NSCLC tumor xenografts. Together, this study suggests that the 3WJ pRNA-based platform has the potential to suppress mutant KRAS activity for the treatment of KRAS-driven human cancers, and warrants further development for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhefeng Li
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel W. Binzel
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Terence M. Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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9
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Sivapalan L, Iams WT, Belcaid Z, Scott SC, Niknafs N, Balan A, White JR, Kopparapu P, Cann C, Landon BV, Pereira G, Velculescu VE, Hann CL, Lovly CM, Anagnostou V. Dynamics of Sequence and Structural Cell-Free DNA Landscapes in Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2310-2323. [PMID: 37071497 PMCID: PMC10261918 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) have an exceptionally poor prognosis, calling for improved real-time noninvasive biomarkers of therapeutic response. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed targeted error-correction sequencing on 171 serial plasmas and matched white blood cell (WBC) DNA from 33 patients with metastatic SCLC who received treatment with chemotherapy (n = 16) or immunotherapy-containing (n = 17) regimens. Tumor-derived sequence alterations and plasma aneuploidy were evaluated serially and combined to assess changes in total cell-free tumor load (cfTL). Longitudinal dynamic changes in cfTL were monitored to determine circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) molecular response during therapy. RESULTS Combined tiered analyses of tumor-derived sequence alterations and plasma aneuploidy allowed for the assessment of ctDNA molecular response in all patients. Patients classified as molecular responders (n = 9) displayed sustained elimination of cfTL to undetectable levels. For 14 patients, we observed initial molecular responses, followed by ctDNA recrudescence. A subset of patients (n = 10) displayed a clear pattern of molecular progression, with persistence of cfTL across all time points. Molecular responses captured the therapeutic effect and long-term clinical outcomes in a more accurate and rapid manner compared with radiographic imaging. Patients with sustained molecular responses had longer overall (log-rank P = 0.0006) and progression-free (log-rank P < 0.0001) survival, with molecular responses detected on average 4 weeks earlier than imaging. CONCLUSIONS ctDNA analyses provide a precise approach for the assessment of early on-therapy molecular responses and have important implications for the management of patients with SCLC, including the development of improved strategies for real-time tumor burden monitoring. See related commentary by Pellini and Chaudhuri, p. 2176.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Sivapalan
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wade T. Iams
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zineb Belcaid
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Susan C. Scott
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Noushin Niknafs
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Archana Balan
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James R. White
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Prasad Kopparapu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christopher Cann
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Blair V. Landon
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gavin Pereira
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Victor E. Velculescu
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christine L. Hann
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christine M. Lovly
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Valsamo Anagnostou
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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10
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The Surgical Management of Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061695. [PMID: 36980581 PMCID: PMC10046489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes key recent developments relevant to the surgical management of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (L-NENs), including typical and atypical carcinoids, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and small cell lung carcinoma. This review includes recent insights into the classification, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, treatment options, and follow-up. Highlighted topics include general principles of surgery in localized or locally advanced or metastatic L-NENs, lung-sparing surgery for small, peripheral typical carcinoids, adjuvant and systemic therapies for typical and atypical carcinoids, and surgery and adjuvant therapies for large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma.
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11
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Li H, Wang Y, Chen X, Chen C, Cui J, Han Y, Ding L. Development of HPLC-MS/MS assay for quantitation of ensartinib in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetics study in Chinese patients. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5610. [PMID: 36829269 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Ensartinib is a novel anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor with potent activity against a broad range of known crizotinib-resistant ALK mutations and is developed to treat patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. This study was the first to develop and validate a rapid and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of ensartinib in human plasma. The plasma samples were extracted using liquid extraction, and chromatographic separation was performed using a Phenomenex, Luna phenyl-hexyl column (50 × 2.0 mm, 5 μm). Electrospray ionization in positive-ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring were used to monitor ion transitions at m/z 561.3 → 257.1 (ensartinib) and 565.2 → 261.2 (internal standard: X-396-d4), respectively. The method yielded excellent linearity in the range of 0.5-500 ng/ml with the lowest quantification of 0.5 ng/ml. Both intra- and inter-run precisions (relative standard deviation %) were less than 15%, with accuracy (relative error %) between ±15%. Extraction recovery, matrix effect, selectivity, and stability were also validated and found to be satisfactory. Finally, the validated method was successfully applied in a phase I clinical study of ensartinib in Chinese subjects with advanced ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefei Chen
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Cui
- Labcorp Pharmaceuticals Research and Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Han
- Labcorp Pharmaceuticals Research and Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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12
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Yang L, Wang Y. Malignant pleural effusion diagnosis and therapy. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220575. [PMID: 36874629 PMCID: PMC9975958 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a serious complication of advanced tumor, with relatively high morbidity and mortality rates, and can severely affect the quality of life and survival of patients. The mechanisms of MPE development are not well defined, but much research has been conducted to gain a deeper understanding of this process. In recent decades, although great progress has been made in the management of MPE, the diagnosis and treatment of MPE are still major challenges for clinicians. In this article, we provide a review of the research advances in the mechanisms of MPE development, diagnosis and treatment approaches. We aim to offer clinicians an overview of the latest evidence on the management of MPE, which should be individualized to provide comprehensive interventions for patients in accordance with their wishes, health status, prognosis and other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Erdao District, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Erdao District, Changchun 130033, China
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13
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Alnajeebi AM, Alharbi HFH, Alelwani W, Babteen NA, Alansari WS, Shamlan G, Eskandrani AA. COVID-19 Candidate Genes and Pathways Potentially Share the Association with Lung Cancer. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022; 25:2463-2472. [PMID: 34254909 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210712092649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is considered as the most challenging in the current situation but lung cancer is also the leading cause of death in the global population. These two malignancies are among the leading human diseases and are highly complex in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches as well as the most frequent and highly complex and heterogeneous in nature. Based on the latest update, it is known that the patients suffering from lung cancer, are considered to be significantly at higher risk of COVID-19 infection in terms of survival and there are a number of evidences which support the hypothesis that these diseases may share the same functions and functional components. Multi-level unwanted alterations such as (epi-)genetic alterations, changes at the transcriptional level, and altered signaling pathways (receptor, cytoplasmic, and nuclear level) are the major sources which promote a number of complex diseases and such heterogeneous level of complexities are considered as the major barrier in the development of therapeutics. With so many challenges, it is critical to understand the relationships and the common shared aberrations between them which is difficult to unravel and understand. A simple approach has been applied for this study where differential gene expression analysis, pathway enrichment, and network level understanding are carried out. Since, gene expression changes and genomic alterations are related to the COVID-19 and lung cancer but their pattern varies significantly. Based on the recent studies, it appears that the patients suffering from lung cancer and and simultaneously infected with COVID-19, then survival chance is lessened. So, we have designed our goal to understand the genes commonly overexpressed and commonly enriched pathways in case of COVID-19 and lung cancer. For this purpose, we have presented the summarized review of the previous works where the pathogenesis of lung cancer and COVID-19 infection have been focused and we have also presented the new finding of our analysis. So, this work not only presents the review work but also the research work. This review and research study leads to the conclusion that growth promoting pathways (EGFR, Ras, and PI3K), growth inhibitory pathways (p53 and STK11), apoptotic pathways (Bcl- 2/Bax/Fas), and DDR pathways and genes are commonly and dominantly altered in both the cases COVID-19 and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan M Alnajeebi
- College of Science, Department of Biochemistry, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hend F H Alharbi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, KSA
| | - Walla Alelwani
- College of Science, Department of Biochemistry, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf A Babteen
- College of Science, Department of Biochemistry, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa S Alansari
- College of Science, Department of Biochemistry, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej A Eskandrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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14
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The comparison of cancer gene mutation frequencies in Chinese and U.S. patient populations. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5651. [PMID: 36163440 PMCID: PMC9512793 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowing the mutation frequency of cancer genes in China is crucial for reducing the global health burden. We integrate the tumor epidemiological statistics with cancer gene mutation rates identified in 11,948 cancer patients to determine their weighted proportions within a Chinese cancer patient cohort. TP53 (51.4%), LRP1B (13.4%), PIK3CA (11.6%), KRAS (11.1%), EGFR (10.6%), and APC (10.5%) are identified as the top mutated cancer genes in China. Additionally, 18 common cancer types from both China and U.S. cohorts are analyzed and classified into three patterns principally based upon TP53 mutation rates: TP53-Top, TP53-Plus, and Non-TP53. Next, corresponding similarities and prominent differences are identified upon comparing the mutational profiles from both cohorts. Finally, the potential population-specific and environmental risk factors underlying the disparities in cancer gene mutation rates between the U.S. and China are analyzed. Here, we show and compare the mutation rates of cancer genes in Chinese and U.S. population cohorts, for a better understanding of the associated etiological and epidemiological factors, which are important for cancer prevention and therapy.
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15
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Scheffler M, Michels S, Nogova L. [Targeted treatment of non-small cell lung cancer]. INNERE MEDIZIN (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 63:700-708. [PMID: 35925271 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-022-01372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has made a remarkable development in recent decades with respect to its perception. In the late 1990s it was the "problem child" as the main cause of cancer with increasing tendencies, especially in women and with a pronounced stigmatization. It is now the role model as a biologically rational targeted treatment based on molecular dependencies of the tumor with a vast improvement of the traditionally poor survival times. Molecular tumor boards have long followed the NSCLC example in the assessment of targeted treatment approaches for other tumor entities. This review article gives an overview of the current possibilities for targeted treatment of NSCLC, which nowadays are applicable for nearly one third of all patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Scheffler
- Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Centrum für Integrierte Onkologie (CIO) Aachen Bonn Köln Düsseldorf, Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Universitätsklinikum Köln (AöR), Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland.
| | - Sebastian Michels
- Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Centrum für Integrierte Onkologie (CIO) Aachen Bonn Köln Düsseldorf, Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Universitätsklinikum Köln (AöR), Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Lucia Nogova
- Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Centrum für Integrierte Onkologie (CIO) Aachen Bonn Köln Düsseldorf, Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Universitätsklinikum Köln (AöR), Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland
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16
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Fassunke J, Engels M, Meemboor S, Buettner R. [Cytopathology and molecular diagnostics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)]. INNERE MEDIZIN (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 63:694-699. [PMID: 35925269 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-022-01365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytological specimens from endobronchial aspirates and pleural effusions are frequently used materials in the diagnostics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the same way as histological samples from endobronchial and transbronchial biopsy material or computed tomography (CT)-guided needle biopsies, cytological specimens are eminently suitable for molecular and immunohistological biomarker diagnostics of NSCLC, provided optimal techniques and clear diagnostic algorithms are employed. This article presents the typical processing techniques and a scheme for biomarker analytics and discusses an optimal approach for comprehensive diagnostics of NSCLC. When cytological specimens are processed and used in this way, the analytics are equivalent to those from histopathological specimens. For a detailed and advanced description of cytological and molecular techniques on cytological specimens the reader is referred to our own review articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Fassunke
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Köln und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Marianne Engels
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Köln und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Sonja Meemboor
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Köln und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Köln und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland.
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17
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Rebiopsy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Clinical Relevance and Prognostic Implications. Lung Cancer 2022; 168:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
This overview of the molecular pathology of lung cancer includes a review of the most salient molecular alterations of the genome, transcriptome, and the epigenome. The insights provided by the growing use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in lung cancer will be discussed, and interrelated concepts such as intertumor heterogeneity, intratumor heterogeneity, tumor mutational burden, and the advent of liquid biopsy will be explored. Moreover, this work describes how the evolving field of molecular pathology refines the understanding of different histologic phenotypes of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the underlying biology of small-cell lung cancer. This review will provide an appreciation for how ongoing scientific findings and technologic advances in molecular pathology are crucial for development of biomarkers, therapeutic agents, clinical trials, and ultimately improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Saller
- Departments of Pathology and Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Theresa A Boyle
- Departments of Pathology and Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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19
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Canale M, Andrikou K, Priano I, Cravero P, Pasini L, Urbini M, Delmonte A, Crinò L, Bronte G, Ulivi P. The Role of TP53 Mutations in EGFR-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Clinical Significance and Implications for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051143. [PMID: 35267450 PMCID: PMC8909869 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is the primary cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Patients carrying Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutations usually benefit from targeted therapy treatment. Nonetheless, primary or acquired resistance mechanisms lead to treatment discontinuation and disease progression. Tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutations are the most common mutations in NSCLC, and several reports highlighted a role for these mutations in influencing prognosis and responsiveness to EGFR targeted therapy. In this review, we discuss the emerging data about the role of TP53 in predicting EGFR mutated NSCLC patients’ prognosis and responsiveness to targeted therapy. Abstract Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is the primary cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Oncogene-addicted patients usually benefit from targeted therapy, but primary and acquired resistance mechanisms inevitably occur. Tumor protein 53 (TP53) gene is the most frequently mutated gene in cancer, including NSCLC. TP53 mutations are able to induce carcinogenesis, tumor development and resistance to therapy, influencing patient prognosis and responsiveness to therapy. TP53 mutants present in different forms, suggesting that different gene alterations confer specific acquired protein functions. In recent years, many associations between different TP53 mutations and responses to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) targeted therapy in NSCLC patients have been found. In this review, we discuss the current landscape concerning the role of TP53 mutants to guide primary and acquired resistance to Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) EGFR-directed, investigating the possible mechanisms of TP53 mutants within the cellular compartments. We also discuss the role of the TP53 mutations in predicting the response to targeted therapy with EGFR-TKIs, as a possible biomarker to guide patient stratification for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Canale
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.C.); (M.U.); (P.U.)
| | - Kalliopi Andrikou
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (K.A.); (I.P.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Ilaria Priano
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (K.A.); (I.P.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Paola Cravero
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (K.A.); (I.P.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Luigi Pasini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.C.); (M.U.); (P.U.)
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Milena Urbini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.C.); (M.U.); (P.U.)
| | - Angelo Delmonte
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (K.A.); (I.P.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Lucio Crinò
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (K.A.); (I.P.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Bronte
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (K.A.); (I.P.); (A.D.); (L.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.C.); (M.U.); (P.U.)
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20
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Li P, Yang R, Wang D, Wang L, Wang S, Liu C, Li J, Li L, Liu C, Tong Y, Wang Y. Clinical and genetic characteristics of early-stage multiple primary and independent primary lung adenocarcinoma patients. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2022; 18:e420-e426. [PMID: 35098658 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The difference between multiple primary lung cancers (MPLC) and intrapulmonary metastasis (IM) in patients with lung cancer is vital but controversial. Moreover, the genetic and clinical significance difference between MPLC and independent primary lung cancers (IPLC) patients is unknown. METHODS This study retrospectively researched clinical and genetic data of MPLC and IPLC patients from January 2019 to May 2021 at the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University, China. Ninety-four tissue samples from 41 early-stage patients with MPLC, and 94 tissue samples from 94 early-stage patients with IPLC were performed to targeted sequencing. RESULTS A total of 36 patients (88%) showed inconsistent driver mutations, and five MPLC patients (12%) shared single identical EGFR/BRAF/TP53 hotspot mutations in the early stage. In MPLC patients, high-frequency mutations included EGFR (63%), TP53 (12%), BRAF (12%), KRAS (10%), ERBB2 (4%), PIK3CA (3%), and MET (3%). In IPLC patients, high-frequency mutations included EGFR (55%), TP53(26%), KRAS (13%), MAP2K1 (5%), PIK3CA (4%), ERBB2 (4%), NF1 (4%), RET (3%), and BRAF (2%). The higher BRAF and fewer TP53 mutations may be related to the lower malignancy in MPLC patients. CONCLUSIONS The accuracy of pathological diagnosis in patients with early-stage MPLC does not need comprehensive molecular evaluation to supplement histology for differentiating early-stage MPLC and IM. Meanwhile, the molecular difference between MPLC and IPLC may be helpful to study the mechanism of MPLC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingjie Wang
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sai Wang
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling Li
- Yinfeng Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Yinfeng Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Yan Tong
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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21
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Shrestha DB, Reddy VK, Gaire S, Kassem M. A Case of Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Response to Alectinib and Favorable Quality of Life. Cureus 2022; 14:e21170. [PMID: 35165619 PMCID: PMC8834647 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death globally and in the United States. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer cases. A progressive increase in morbidity and mortality is seen with advanced disease. Identifying specific driver mutations, such as anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations and directed therapy, has improved the quality of life and survival in ALK-positive NSCLC patients. Here, we present the case of a 37-year-old female who was diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC (adenocarcinoma) with a positive ALK mutation six years ago. Our case report highlights a rare ALK mutation NSCLC treated with targeted ALK inhibitor therapy. Despite having advanced-stage cancer, the treatment significantly impacted her survival with an improved quality of life.
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22
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Liu J, Xu WY, Ye M, Liu Z, Li C. Genetic Alteration Profiling of Chinese Lung Adenocarcinoma and Its Effect on Targeted Therapy Efficacy. Front Oncol 2022; 11:726547. [PMID: 34970478 PMCID: PMC8712938 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.726547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and a highly heterogeneous disease with a diversity of phenotypes and genotypes in different populations. The purpose of this study is to investigate oncogenic alterations of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in eastern China and their significance in targeted therapies. Methods This study enrolled 101 LUAD patients and used a customized DNA panel to detect molecular alterations. Comprehensive analysis of mutations and clinical application of genomic profiling was carried out. Results The most commonly mutated genes were epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (53%) and tumor protein p53 (TP53) (32%). The less frequently mutated genes were erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2) (25%), ATR serine/threonine kinase (ATR) (20%), CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPA) (16%), RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) (16%), transcription factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2) (14%), ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1) (12%) and spectrin alpha, erythrocytic 1 (SPTA1) (12%). Among them, the frequency of ERBB2, ATR, CEBPA, RB1 and TCF7L2 mutations was much higher than that in the databases. Seventy percent of the patients harbored at least one actionable alteration according to the OncoKB evidence. CEBPA mutations affected the efficacy of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. ERBB2, CEBPA and TCF7L2 mutated tumors tend to have higher tumor mutation burden (TMB). Conclusions LUAD patients from eastern China have a unique profile of mutations. The targeted DNA panel is helpful for personalized treatment decision of LUAD patients, and specific mutations may affect the efficacy of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang-Yang Xu
- Department of Medicine, Singlera Genomics (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Maosong Ye
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Garcia-Robledo JE, Rosell R, Ruíz-Patiño A, Sotelo C, Arrieta O, Zatarain-Barrón L, Ordoñez C, Jaller E, Rojas L, Russo A, de Miguel-Pérez D, Rolfo C, Cardona AF. KRAS and MET in non-small-cell lung cancer: two of the new kids on the 'drivers' block. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2022; 16:17534666211066064. [PMID: 35098800 PMCID: PMC8808025 DOI: 10.1177/17534666211066064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease, and therapeutic management has advanced to identify various critical oncogenic mutations that promote lung cancer tumorigenesis. Subsequent studies have developed targeted therapies against these oncogenes in the hope of personalized treatment based on the tumor's molecular genomics. This review presents a comprehensive review of the biology, new therapeutic interventions, and resistance patterns of two well-defined subgroups, tumors with KRAS and MET alterations. We also discuss the status of molecular testing practices for these two key oncogenic drivers, considering the progressive introduction of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and RNA sequencing in regular clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP)/Dr. Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR), Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ruíz-Patiño
- Direction of Research and Education, Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo Cancer Treatment and Research Center (CTIC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Sotelo
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Personalized Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCan), México City, México
| | - Lucia Zatarain-Barrón
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Personalized Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCan), México City, México
| | - Camila Ordoñez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Elvira Jaller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Leonardo Rojas
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Department of Clinical Oncology, Clínica Colsanitas, Bogotá, Colombia Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Medical Oncology Unit, A.O. Papardo, Messina, Italy Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diego de Miguel-Pérez
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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24
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Hsu J, Annunziata JF, Burns E, Bernicker EH, Olsen RJ, Thomas JS. Molecular Signatures of KRAS-Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma: Analysis of Concomitant EGFR, ALK, STK11, and PD-L1 Status. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2022; 15:2632010X221102054. [PMID: 35634237 PMCID: PMC9134433 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x221102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background KRAS mutations are the most common oncogenic driver mutations of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the Western world. Mutations of the KRAS gene are most prevalent in the patient population of current and former cigarette smokers. With the recent pivotal approval of a targeted inhibitor therapy for patients with KRAS p.G12C mutated and pretreated NSCLC, analysis of the heterogeneity of KRAS mutations and concomitant molecular alterations in patients with these tumors at all clinical stages is indicated. Methods In this retrospective analysis, patient pathology records were reviewed for all cases receiving a pathologic diagnosis of NSCLC within our hospital system. All data were collected with IRB approval. Cases of indeterminate tumor type favoring a non-lung primary, as well as non-adenocarcinoma NSCLC (eg, squamous) were excluded from the cohort. In this hospital system, molecular testing for KRAS mutations is part of a molecular biomarker panel that is reflex ordered at initial diagnosis by the pathologist and may be performed as a single gene test or as a solid organ cancer hotspot panel by next generation sequencing. For each patient, KRAS mutational status and specific KRAS mutations, if present, were collated. Additional information assessed for this study included patient demographics (age, gender, and smoking history), tumor staging if available, PD-L1 expression levels by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and the presence of other genetic alterations (EGFR, ALK, and STK11). Results Between January 1, 2017 and January 1, 2019, there were 276 patients diagnosed with NSCLC of all stages who had KRAS mutational analysis performed in our hospital system and who met the criteria for inclusion into the study cohort. A KRAS driver mutation was detected in 29% of these patients. The most frequently identified KRAS mutation was p.G12C (38%), followed by p.G12D (21%) and p.G12V (13%). KRAS-mutated lung adenocarcinoma was significantly associated with current or former patient smoking status in this cohort (29/202 (14%) smokers and 1/74 (1%) non-smokers; P = .0006). PD-L1 expression of at least 1% by IHC was present in 43% of KRAS-mutated lung adenocarcinomas and 45% of non-KRAS-mutated adenocarcinomas. In this study, KRAS mutations were not found to co-occur with gene alterations in EGFR, ALK, or STK11. In 48% of cases, at least one genetic alteration (KRAS, ALK, EGFR, or STK11) was identified. Conclusions In this study cohort, KRAS-mutated lung adenocarcinoma demonstrated significant mutational heterogeneity, which is consistent with previously published studies. KRAS mutational status was also significantly associated with a current or former smoking history. Notably, p.G12C was the most frequently identified KRAS mutation in this cohort, with a frequency of 38%. This finding is particularly relevant given the recent approval of a KRAS p.G12C-specific targeted inhibitor therapy and the continued development of additional KRAS targeted therapies that may prove effective in treating NSCLC. These findings also highlight the necessity of considering molecular testing for KRAS mutations in patients with NSCLC and a smoking history, as this population most frequently harbors KRAS mutations and may benefit from these emerging targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Hsu
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Ethan Burns
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric H Bernicker
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Randall J Olsen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica S Thomas
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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25
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Bean GR, Najjar S, Shin SJ, Hosfield EM, Caswell-Jin JL, Urisman A, Jones KD, Chen YY, Krings G. Genetic and immunohistochemical profiling of small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the breast. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1349-1361. [PMID: 35590107 PMCID: PMC9514991 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) of the breast are exceedingly rare tumors, which are classified in the WHO system as small cell (SCNEC) and large cell (LCNEC) carcinoma based on indistinguishable features from their lung counterparts. In contrast to lung and enteropancreatic NEC, the genomics of breast NEC have not been well-characterized. In this study, we examined the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic features of 13 breast NEC (7 SCNEC, 4 LCNEC, 2 NEC with ambiguous small versus large cell morphology [ANEC]). Co-alterations of TP53 and RB1 were identified in 86% (6/7) SCNEC, 100% (2/2) ANEC, and 50% (2/4) LCNEC. The one SCNEC without TP53/RB1 alteration had other p53 pathway aberrations (MDM2 and MDM4 amplification) and was immunohistochemically RB negative. PIK3CA/PTEN pathway alterations and ZNF703 amplifications were each identified in 46% (6/13) NEC. Two tumors (1 SCNEC, 1 LCNEC) were CDH1 mutated. By immunohistochemistry, 100% SCNEC (6/6) and ANEC (2/2) and 50% (2/4) LCNEC (83% NEC) showed RB loss, compared to 0% (0/8) grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors (NET) (p < 0.001) and 38% (36/95) grade 3 invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type (IDC-NST) (p = 0.004). NEC were also more often p53 aberrant (60% vs 0%, p = 0.013), ER negative (69% vs 0%, p = 0.005), and GATA3 negative (67% vs 0%, p = 0.013) than grade 3 NET. Two mixed NEC had IDC-NST components, and 69% (9/13) of tumors were associated with carcinoma in situ (6 neuroendocrine DCIS, 2 non-neuroendocrine DCIS, 1 non-neuroendocrine LCIS). NEC and IDC-NST components of mixed tumors were clonally related and immunophenotypically distinct, lacking ER and GATA3 expression in NEC relative to IDC-NST, with RB loss only in NEC of one ANEC. The findings provide insight into the pathogenesis of breast NEC, underscore their classification as a distinct tumor type, and highlight genetic similarities to extramammary NEC, including highly prevalent p53/RB pathway aberrations in SCNEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R. Bean
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Saleh Najjar
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Sandra J. Shin
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Hosfield
- grid.414890.00000 0004 0461 9476Department of Pathology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Jennifer L. Caswell-Jin
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Anatoly Urisman
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Kirk D. Jones
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Yunn-Yi Chen
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Gregor Krings
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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26
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Bilski M, Mertowska P, Mertowski S, Sawicki M, Hymos A, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P, Grywalska E. The Role of Conventionally Fractionated Radiotherapy and Stereotactic Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Carcinoid Tumors and Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Cancer of the Lung. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:177. [PMID: 35008341 PMCID: PMC8750397 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of neuroendocrine tumors among the diagnosed neoplasms is extremely rare and is associated with difficulties in undertaking effective therapy due to the histopathological differentiation of individual subtypes and the scarce clinical data and recommendations found in the literature. The choice of treatment largely depends not only on its type, but also on the location and production of excess hormones by the tumor itself. Common therapeutic approaches include surgical removal of the tumor, the use of chemotherapy, targeted drug therapy, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, and the use of radiation therapy. This article reviews the current knowledge on the classification and application of radiotherapy in the treatment of lung NETs. Case reports were presented in which treatment with conventional radiotherapy, radical and palliative radiochemotherapy, as well as stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy in the treatment of typical (TC) and atypical (AT) lung carcinoids and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNC) were used. We hope that the solutions presented in the literature will allow many radiation oncologists to make the best, often personalized decisions about the therapeutic qualifications of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Bilski
- Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 7 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Department of Brachytherapy, St. John’s Cancer Center, Jaczewskiego 7 St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Radiotherapy, St. John’s Cancer Center, Jaczewskiego 7 St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Mertowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (S.M.); (A.H.); (E.G.)
| | - Sebastian Mertowski
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (S.M.); (A.H.); (E.G.)
| | - Marcin Sawicki
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, mjr. W. Kopisto 2a St., 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Anna Hymos
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (S.M.); (A.H.); (E.G.)
| | | | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (S.M.); (A.H.); (E.G.)
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27
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Parente P, Rossi A, Sparaneo A, Fabrizio FP, Centonza A, Taurchini M, Mazza T, Cassano M, Miscio G, Centra F, Ferretti GM, Di Micco CM, Graziano P, Muscarella LA. Mixed Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma and Atypical Carcinoid: A Report of Two Cases of a Non-codified Entity With Biological Profile. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:784876. [PMID: 34926584 PMCID: PMC8678082 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.784876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary carcinoids combined with a non-neuroendocrine component have rarely been described, and this histological subtype is not included as a specific entity in the current World Health Organization classification of pulmonary neoplasms. Here, we described the molecular and histological features of two rare cases of mixed lung neoplasms, composed of atypical carcinoid and adenocarcinoma. The targeted next-generation sequencing analysis covering single nucleotide variations, copy number variations, and transcript fusions in a total of 161 cancer genes of the two different tumor components shows a similar molecular profile of shared and private gene mutations. These findings suggest their monoclonal origin from a transformed stem/progenitor tumor cell, which acquires a divergent differentiation during its development and progression and accumulates novel, specific mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Parente
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Unit of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Angelo Sparaneo
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Federico Pio Fabrizio
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Antonella Centonza
- Unit of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Marco Taurchini
- Surgical Thoracic Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cassano
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Miscio
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Flavia Centra
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Ferretti
- Surgical Thoracic Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Concetta Martina Di Micco
- Unit of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Paolo Graziano
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Lucia Anna Muscarella
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lucia Anna Muscarella,
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28
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Pathak N, Chitikela S, Malik PS. Recent advances in lung cancer genomics: Application in targeted therapy. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2021; 108:201-275. [PMID: 34844713 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genomic characterization of lung cancer has not only improved our understanding of disease biology and carcinogenesis but also revealed several therapeutic opportunities. Targeting tumor dependencies on specific genomic alterations (oncogene addiction) has accelerated the therapeutic developments and significantly improved the outcomes even in advanced stage of disease. Identification of genomic alterations predicting response to specific targeted treatment is the key to success for this "personalized treatment" approach. Availability of multiple choices of therapeutic options for specific genomic alterations highlight the importance of optimum sequencing of drugs. Multiplex gene testing has become mandatory in view of constantly increasing number of therapeutic targets and effective treatment options. Influence of genomic characteristics on response to immunotherapy further makes comprehensive genomic profiling necessary before therapeutic decision making. A comprehensive elucidation of resistance mechanisms and directed treatments have made the continuum of care possible and transformed this deadly disease into a chronic condition. Liquid biopsy-based approach has made the dynamic monitoring of disease possible and enabled treatment optimizations accordingly. Current lung cancer management is the perfect example of "precision-medicine" in clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Pathak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A.I.R.C.H., All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sindhura Chitikela
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A.I.R.C.H., All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhat Singh Malik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A.I.R.C.H., All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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29
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Merk M. [63/f-Increasing cough and mild hemoptysis : Preparation for the medical specialist examination: part 107]. Internist (Berl) 2021; 63:35-40. [PMID: 34762154 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-021-01201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Merk
- Abteilung für thorakale Onkologie, Lungenfachklinik Gauting, Robert-Koch-Allee 2, 82131, Gauting, Deutschland.
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30
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Large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma: consensus statement from The British Thoracic Oncology Group and the Association of Pulmonary Pathologists. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1210-1216. [PMID: 34489586 PMCID: PMC8548341 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 10 years, lung cancer clinical and translational research has been characterised by exponential progress, exemplified by the introduction of molecularly targeted therapies, immunotherapy and chemo-immunotherapy combinations to stage III and IV non-small cell lung cancer. Along with squamous and small cell lung cancers, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) now represents an area of unmet need, particularly hampered by the lack of an encompassing pathological definition that can facilitate real-world and clinical trial progress. The steps we have proposed in this article represent an iterative and rational path forward towards clinical breakthroughs that can be modelled on success in other lung cancer pathologies.
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Bollig-Fischer A, Bao B, Manning M, Dyson G, Michelhaugh SK, Mittal S, Bepler G, Mamdani H. Role of novel cancer gene SLITRK3 to activate NTRK3 in squamous cell lung cancer. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:26. [PMID: 35006496 PMCID: PMC8607376 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of targeted therapies that inhibit cancer-driving oncogenes has improved outcomes of patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In contrast, patients diagnosed with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) suffer worse survival outcomes and lack effective targeted treatment options. Identification of molecular drivers of LUSC to support development of targeted treatments is urgently needed. Addressing this need, the current report introduces the novel cancer gene SLIT- and NTRK-like family member 3 (SLITRK3) and its role in activating the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (NTRK3) in LUSC cells. Multiple genome-wide data sets from patient samples were produced by us or downloaded from public databases to analyze tumor gene copy number aberrations, mRNA expression and associated survival outcomes. An accompanying mechanistic study employed LUSC cell lines and multiple methods, including in situ immunofluorescence, sphere-formation assay, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of the CD133-positive cell fraction. Altogether, the results indicate that gene amplification and consequent high expression of SLITRK3 in LUSC is associated with worse outcomes and induces SLITRK3-dependent activation of NTRK3 to promote a cancer stem cell phenotype that is inhibited by existing NTRK-targeted inhibitors. Based on a recent literature search, this is the first report of a mechanistic role for SLITRK3 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliccia Bollig-Fischer
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Bin Bao
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Morenci Manning
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Greg Dyson
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Sharon K Michelhaugh
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Present Address: Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, 24104, USA
- Virginia Tech Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, 24016, USA
| | - Sandeep Mittal
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Present Address: Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, 24104, USA
- Virginia Tech Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, 24016, USA
| | - Gerold Bepler
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Hirva Mamdani
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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Ramirez RA, Thomas K, Jacob A, Lin K, Bren-Mattison Y, Chauhan A. Adjuvant therapy for lung neuroendocrine neoplasms. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:664-674. [PMID: 34513600 PMCID: PMC8394158 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i8.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) represent a minority of lung cancers and vary from slower growing pulmonary carcinoid (PC) tumors to aggressive small cell lung cancer (SCLC). While SCLC can account for up to 15% of lung cancer, PCs are uncommon and represent about 2% of lung cancers. Surgical resection is the standard of care for early-stage PCs and should also be considered in early stage large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and SCLC. Adjuvant treatment is generally accepted for aggressive LCNEC and SCLC, however, less well established for PCs. Guidelines admit a lack of trials to support a high-level recommendation for adjuvant therapy. This manuscript will discuss the role for adjuvant therapy in NENs and review the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Ramirez
- Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Katharine Thomas
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Aasems Jacob
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Karen Lin
- Department of Oncology, Brookwood Baptist Health, Birmingham, AL 35209, United States
| | - Yvette Bren-Mattison
- Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
- New Orleans Louisiana Neuroendocrine Tumor Specialists (NOLANETS), Ochsner Medical Center, Kenner, LA 70065, United States
| | - Aman Chauhan
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
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Cirenajwis H, Lauss M, Planck M, Vallon-Christersson J, Staaf J. Performance of gene expression-based single sample predictors for assessment of clinicopathological subgroups and molecular subtypes in cancers: a case comparison study in non-small cell lung cancer. Brief Bioinform 2021; 21:729-740. [PMID: 30721923 PMCID: PMC7299291 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of multigene classifiers for cancer prognosis, treatment prediction, molecular subtypes or clinicopathological groups has been a cornerstone in transcriptomic analyses of human malignancies for nearly two decades. However, many reported classifiers are critically limited by different preprocessing needs like normalization and data centering. In response, a new breed of classifiers, single sample predictors (SSPs), has emerged. SSPs classify samples in an N-of-1 fashion, relying on, e.g. gene rules comparing expression values within a sample. To date, several methods have been reported, but there is a lack of head-to-head performance comparison for typical cancer classification problems, representing an unmet methodological need in cancer bioinformatics. To resolve this need, we performed an evaluation of two SSPs [k-top-scoring pair classifier (kTSP) and absolute intrinsic molecular subtyping (AIMS)] for two case examples of different magnitude of difficulty in non-small cell lung cancer: gene expression–based classification of (i) tumor histology and (ii) molecular subtype. Through the analysis of ~2000 lung cancer samples for each case example (n = 1918 and n = 2106, respectively), we compared the performance of the methods for different sample compositions, training data set sizes, gene expression platforms and gene rule selections. Three main conclusions are drawn from the comparisons: both methods are platform independent, they select largely overlapping gene rules associated with actual underlying tumor biology and, for large training data sets, they behave interchangeably performance-wise. While SSPs like AIMS and kTSP offer new possibilities to move gene expression signatures/predictors closer to a clinical context, they are still importantly limited by the difficultness of the classification problem at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Cirenajwis
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Lauss
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Planck
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Vallon-Christersson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Staaf
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
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Hanke B, Jünger ST, Kirches E, Waldt N, Schreiber J, Lücke E, Franke S, Sandalcioglu IE, Warnke JP, Meisel HJ, Prell J, Scheller C, Braunsdorf WEK, Preusser M, Schildhaus HU, Mawrin C. Frequency of actionable molecular drivers in lung cancer patients with precocious brain metastases. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 208:106841. [PMID: 34343913 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastases frequently occur during the course of disease in patients suffering from lung cancer. Occasionally, neurological symptoms caused by brain metastases (BM) might represent the first sign of systemic tumor disease (so called precocious metastases), leading to the detection of the primary lung tumor. The biological basis of precocious BM is largely unknown, and treatment options are not well established for this subgroup of patients. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed 33 patients (24 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)), 9 small cell lung cancer (SCLC)) presenting with precocious BM focusing on molecular alterations potentially relevant for the tumor's biology and treatment. We found five FGFR1 amplifications (4 adenocarcinoma, 1 SCLC) among 31 analyzed patients (16.1%), eight MET amplifications among 30 analyzed tumors (7 NSCLC, 1 SCLC; 26.7%), three EGFR mutations within 33 patients (all adenocarcinomas, 9.1%), and five KRAS mutations among 32 patients (all adenocarcinomas; 15.6%). No ALK, ROS1 or RET gene rearrangements were detected. Our findings suggest that patients with precocious BM of lung cancer harbor EGFR mutations, MET amplifications or FGFR1 amplifications as potential targeted treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hanke
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie T Jünger
- Centre for Neurosurgery, Department of General Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elmar Kirches
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Waldt
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens Schreiber
- Department of Pneumonology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eva Lücke
- Department of Pneumonology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Franke
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Peter Warnke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus Hospital Zwickau, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Meisel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bergmannstrost Hospital Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Julian Prell
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthias Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christian Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany.
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Saghaeiannejad Esfahani H, Vela CM, Chauhan A. Prevalence of TP-53/Rb-1 Co-Mutation in Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:653153. [PMID: 34141612 PMCID: PMC8203494 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.653153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare and highly aggressive high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasm, which can arise from anywhere in the body. Due to its rarity there is a lacuna in our understanding of LCNEC's molecular biology. In 2016, Rekhtman and colleagues presented one of the largest molecular sequencing series of pulmonary LCNEC. They differentiated genomic profiles of LCNEC into two major subsets: small cell lung cancer (SCLC)-like, characterized by TP53 + RB1 co-mutation/loss, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-like, characterized by the lack of co-altered TP53 + RB1. This finding is of significance because at present LCNEC patients are often treated like SCLC. However, the universal genomic SCLC biomarker of TP53 and RB1 co-mutation was only found in 40% of their cohort. Since then various other scientists have looked into molecular profiling of LCNEC with markedly discordant results. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of publicly available next generation sequencing (NGS) data to evaluate the prevalence of TP53 + RB1 co-mutation in LCNEC. Method We conducted a literature search using PubMed. Seven studies including 302 patients with pulmonary LCNEC and four studies including 20 patients with extra-pulmonary LCNEC underwent final analysis. Results The prevalence of TP53 + RB1 co-mutation was 36% (109/302) among pulmonary LCNEC patients and 35% (7/20) among the extra-thoracic LCNEC cohort. This finding is in stark contrast to >90% TP53 + RB1 co-mutation in SCLC. Conclusion It is now well established that LCNEC is molecularly distinct from SCLC. LCNEC seems to have two molecularly defined sub-cohort based on TP53 + RB1 co-mutation status. Future studies should look into prognostic and predictive implication of TP53 + RB1 co-mutation status in LCNEC. Prospective studies should be designed to characterize molecular subtypes and direct treatment accordingly. We are currently conducting a prospective pilot clinical trial wherein LCNEC patients are treated based on TP53 + RB1 co-mutation status. The study is currently enrolling. "Next Generation Sequencing-Based Stratification of Front Line Treatment of Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (PRECISION-NEC). Systematic Review ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04452292.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cory M Vela
- Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Aman Chauhan
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Identification of molecular signatures associated with early relapse after complete resection of lung adenocarcinomas. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9532. [PMID: 33953302 PMCID: PMC8099905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The only potentially curative treatment for lung adenocarcinoma patients remains complete resection of early-stage tumors. However, many patients develop recurrence and die of their disease despite curative surgery. Underlying mechanisms leading to establishment of systemic disease after complete resection are mostly unknown. We therefore aimed at identifying molecular signatures of resected lung adenocarcinomas associated with the risk of an early relapse. The study comprised 89 patients with totally resected stage IA–IIIA lung adenocarcinomas. Patients suffering from an early relapse within two years after surgery were compared to patients without a relapse in two years. Patients were clinically and molecular pathologically characterized. Tumor tissues were immunohistochemically analyzed for the expression of Ki67, CD45, CD4, CD8, PD1, PD-L1, PD-L2 and CD34, by Nanostring nCounter PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel as well as a comprehensive methylome profiling using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. We detected differential DNA methylation patterns as well as significantly differentially expressed genes associated with an early relapse after complete resection. Especially, CD1A was identified as a potential biomarker, whose reduced expression is associated with an early relapse. These findings might help to develop biomarkers improving risk assessment and patient selection for adjuvant therapy as well as establish novel targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Sherekar S, Viswanathan GA. Boolean dynamic modeling of cancer signaling networks: Prognosis, progression, and therapeutics. COMPUTATIONAL AND SYSTEMS ONCOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cso2.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhank Sherekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai Mumbai India
| | - Ganesh A. Viswanathan
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai Mumbai India
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Wenzel C, Herold S, Wermke M, E. Aust D, B. Baretton G. Routine Molecular Pathology Diagnostics in Precision Oncology. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 118:arztebl.m2021.0025. [PMID: 33536117 PMCID: PMC8287073 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technical advances in the field of molecular genetics permit precise genomic characterization of malignant tumors. This has not only improved our understanding of tumor biology but also paved the way for molecularly stratified treatment strategies in routine clinical practice. METHODS A selective search of PubMed to identify literature on molecular pathology methods, their indications, the challenges associated with molecular findings, and future developments. RESULTS Tumors can be characterized with the aid of immunohistochemistry, in-situ hybridization, and sequencing of DNA or RNA. The benefits of molecularly stratified tumor treatment have been demonstrated by randomized clinical trials on numerous tumor entities, e.g., non-small-cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer. Therefore, initiation of specific treatment for these entities should be preceded by molecular pathology biomarker analyses, generally carried out on tumor tissue. Randomized controlled trials and non-controlled studies show that enhanced progression-free survival ensues if the pharmacological treatment is oriented on the findings of molecular pathology diagnostics. In next-generation sequencing, numerous relevant gene sequences or even whole genes can be sequenced in parallel, dispensing with complex staged diagnostics and reducing the use of biomaterials. These new methods also complement the currently relevant predictive biomarkers by permitting the investigation of genetic alterations presently of interest in the context of clinical studies. Prior to widespread routine clinical application, however, sequencing of large gene panels or whole genomes or exomes need to be even more stringently validated. CONCLUSION Quality-assured molecular pathology assays are universally available for the determination of currently relevant predictive biomarkers. However, the integration of extensive genomic analyses into routine molecular pathology diagnostics represents a future challenge in precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Wenzel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden
| | - Sylvia Herold
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden
| | - Martin Wermke
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden: Dr. med. Martin Wermke
| | - Daniela E. Aust
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden
| | - Gustavo B. Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden
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Coll-SanMartin L, Davalos V, Piñeyro D, Rosselló-Tortella M, Bueno-Costa A, Setien F, Villanueva A, Granada I, Ruiz-Xiviller N, Kotter A, Helm M, Yokota J, Kawabata-Iwakawa R, Kohno T, Esteller M. Gene Amplification-Associated Overexpression of the Selenoprotein tRNA Enzyme TRIT1 Confers Sensitivity to Arsenic Trioxide in Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1869. [PMID: 33919717 PMCID: PMC8070726 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The alteration of RNA modification patterns is emerging as a common feature of human malignancies. If these changes affect key RNA molecules for mRNA translation, such as transfer RNA, they can have important consequences for cell transformation. TRIT1 is the enzyme responsible for the hypermodification of adenosine 37 in the anticodon region of human tRNAs containing serine and selenocysteine. Herein, we show that TRIT1 undergoes gene amplification-associated overexpression in cancer cell lines and primary samples of small-cell lung cancer. From growth and functional standpoints, the induced depletion of TRIT1 expression in amplified cells reduces their tumorigenic potential and downregulates the selenoprotein transcripts. We observed that TRIT1-amplified cells are sensitive to arsenic trioxide, a compound that regulates selenoproteins, whereas reduction of TRIT1 levels confers loss of sensitivity to the drug. Overall, our results indicate a role for TRIT1 as a small-cell lung cancer-relevant gene that, when undergoing gene amplification-associated activation, can be targeted with the differentiation agent arsenic trioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Coll-SanMartin
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-S.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (M.R.-T.); (A.B.-C.); (F.S.); (I.G.); (N.R.-X.)
| | - Veronica Davalos
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-S.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (M.R.-T.); (A.B.-C.); (F.S.); (I.G.); (N.R.-X.)
| | - David Piñeyro
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-S.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (M.R.-T.); (A.B.-C.); (F.S.); (I.G.); (N.R.-X.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margalida Rosselló-Tortella
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-S.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (M.R.-T.); (A.B.-C.); (F.S.); (I.G.); (N.R.-X.)
- Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Bueno-Costa
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-S.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (M.R.-T.); (A.B.-C.); (F.S.); (I.G.); (N.R.-X.)
| | - Fernando Setien
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-S.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (M.R.-T.); (A.B.-C.); (F.S.); (I.G.); (N.R.-X.)
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Group of Chemoresistance and Predictive Factors, Subprogram Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Oncobell Program, IDIBELL, Institut Català d’Oncologia (ICO), L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Isabel Granada
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-S.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (M.R.-T.); (A.B.-C.); (F.S.); (I.G.); (N.R.-X.)
- Cytogenetics Platform, Hematology Laboratory Service, Institut Català d’Oncologia (ICO)-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Ruiz-Xiviller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-S.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (M.R.-T.); (A.B.-C.); (F.S.); (I.G.); (N.R.-X.)
- Cytogenetics Platform, Hematology Laboratory Service, Institut Català d’Oncologia (ICO)-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annika Kotter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (A.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Mark Helm
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (A.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Jun Yokota
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (J.Y.); (R.K.-I.); (T.K.)
| | - Reika Kawabata-Iwakawa
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (J.Y.); (R.K.-I.); (T.K.)
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (J.Y.); (R.K.-I.); (T.K.)
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-S.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (M.R.-T.); (A.B.-C.); (F.S.); (I.G.); (N.R.-X.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Liu C, Zheng S, Wang S, Wang X, Feng X, Sun N, He J. Development and external validation of a composite immune-clinical prognostic model associated with EGFR mutation in East-Asian patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:17588359211006949. [PMID: 33889215 PMCID: PMC8040386 DOI: 10.1177/17588359211006949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND EGFR mutation is a common oncogene driver in East Asians with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), conferring a favorable prognosis with effective targeted therapy. However, the EGFR mutation is a weak predictor of long-term survival. Therefore, a powerful predictive tool is urgently needed to estimate disease prognosis and patient survival for East-Asian patients with LUAD. METHODS In this first systematic analysis of the relationships among EGFR mutation, immunophenotype, and prognosis in LUAD samples from East-Asian patients, we constructed a prognostic signature consisting of EGFR-associated immune-related gene pairs (EIGPs). The predictive performance for overall survival (OS) and the clinical significance of this signature were then comprehensively investigated. RESULTS Based on transcriptome data analysis of a training set, we proposed the EIGP index (EIGPI), represented by five EIGPs, which was significantly associated with the OS of East-Asian patients with LUAD. It was also well validated in a test set. Furthermore, the prognostic performance of the EIGPI was further verified using protein levels in an additional independent set. Stratification analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the EIGPI was an independent prognostic factor. When combined with stage, the composite immune-clinical prognostic model index (ICPMI) showed improved prognostic accuracy in all datasets. CONCLUSION This study was the first to systematically investigate the relationships among EGFR mutation, immunophenotype, and prognosis in East Asians with LUAD and develop a composite clinical and immune model associated with EGFR mutation. This model may be a reliable and promising prognostic tool and help further personalize patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sufei Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sihui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
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41
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Somade OT, Ajayi BO, Adeyi OE, Adeshina AA, Adekoya MO, Abdulhameed RO. Oxidative stress-mediated induction of pulmonary oncogenes, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers following time-course exposure to ethylene glycol monomethyl ether in rats. Metabol Open 2021; 9:100075. [PMID: 33409483 PMCID: PMC7773962 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2020.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) has been used in many products usually handled by humans including inks, paints, polishes, brake fluids and so on. This present study therefore, investigated its effect on lung, in a time-course study in male Wistar rats. Animals were orally administered 50 mg/kg body weight of EGME for a period of 7, 14, and 21 days. Following 7 days of oral exposure to EGME, activities of GPx and SOD were significantly increased, as well as levels of K-Ras, c-Myc, p53, caspase-3, TNF-α and, IL-6, while NO level and GST activity were significantly reduced compared with control. At the end of 14 days exposure, GSH level was significantly decreased, while levels of K-Ras, c-Myc, p53, caspase-3, TNF-α, IL-6, NO and the activities of SOD and GPx were significantly elevated with respect to control. After 21 days of EGME administration, levels of Bcl-2, IL-10, GSH and NO as well as GST activity were significantly decreased, while levels of K-Ras, c-Myc, p53, Bax, caspase-3, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, as well as GPx, CAT, and SOD activities were significantly elevated compared with control. Lung histopathology revealed chronic disseminated alveolar inflammation, bronchiolitis, severe alveolar and bronchi hyperplasia, severe disseminated inflammation, thrombosis, and thickened vessels as a result of EGME exposures. Exposures to EGME could trigger lung damage via the disorganization of the antioxidant system, eliciting the up-regulation of inflammatory, apoptotic, and oncogenic markers in rats.
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Key Words
- Apoptosis
- Bax, Bcl-2 associated X
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CAT, catalase
- Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- Histopathology
- IL-1β, interleukin-1 beta
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- Inflammation
- K-Ras, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene
- Lung
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NO, nitric oxide
- Oncogenes
- Oxidative stress
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- c-myc, myelocytomatosis
- p53, tumor suppressor protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatobi T. Somade
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Babajide O. Ajayi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Olubisi E. Adeyi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | - Mary O. Adekoya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Ridwan O. Abdulhameed
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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42
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Schenk EL, Patil T, Pacheco J, Bunn PA. 2020 Innovation-Based Optimism for Lung Cancer Outcomes. Oncologist 2021; 26:e454-e472. [PMID: 33179378 PMCID: PMC7930417 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both males and females in the U.S. and worldwide. Owing to advances in prevention, screening/early detection, and therapy, lung cancer mortality rates are decreasing and survival rates are increasing. These innovations are based on scientific discoveries in imaging, diagnostics, genomics, molecular therapy, and immunotherapy. Outcomes have improved in all histologies and stages. This review provides information on the clinical implications of these innovations that are practical for the practicing physicians, especially oncologists of all specialities who diagnose and treat patients with lung cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Lung cancer survival rates have improved because of new prevention, screening, and therapy methods. This work provides a review of current standards for each of these areas, including targeted and immunotherapies. Treatment recommendations are provided for all stages of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L. Schenk
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Tejas Patil
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Jose Pacheco
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Paul A. Bunn
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
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43
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Wenzel C, Herold S, Saalfeld FC, Aust DE, Wermke M. The clinical benefit of molecular re-assessments in management of progressive lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:1582-1587. [PMID: 33889532 PMCID: PMC8044475 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite the enormous success of molecularly targeted therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), long-term disease control remains challenging. Almost all patients on targeted therapy ultimately progress due to plethora of acquired resistance mechanisms. While acquired resistance mechanisms in BRAF-V600 mutant malignant melanomas treated with targeted therapy are well studied, little is known about resistance mechanisms in BRAF-V600 mutant lung cancer so far. Therefore, patients progressing on the standard BRAF and MEK inhibitor combination are uniformly switched to immune- and/or chemotherapy. We describe the case of a metastatic BRAF-V600E mutant pulmonary adenocarcinoma of the left lung with presumed progression of a single lung lesion at the right side during targeted therapy. Due to oligo-progression, resection was performed. Molecular re-assessment for analysis of acquired resistance mechanisms surprisingly revealed a genetically distinct second primary malignancy. Following curative resection of the right sided second primary NSCLC, primary tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy was continued and to date the patient is still responding with a cumulative treatment duration of now 34 months. This case report illustrates that a thorough molecular re-assessment upon progression on targeted therapies may have a decisive influence on subsequent treatment decisions and should therefore be considered on a routine basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Wenzel
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany.,National Network Genomic Medicine Lung Cancer (nNGM), Germany
| | - Sylvia Herold
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany.,National Network Genomic Medicine Lung Cancer (nNGM), Germany
| | - Felix C Saalfeld
- National Network Genomic Medicine Lung Cancer (nNGM), Germany.,Department for Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela E Aust
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany.,National Network Genomic Medicine Lung Cancer (nNGM), Germany
| | - Martin Wermke
- National Network Genomic Medicine Lung Cancer (nNGM), Germany.,Department for Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
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44
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König D, Savic Prince S, Rothschild SI. Targeted Therapy in Advanced and Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. An Update on Treatment of the Most Important Actionable Oncogenic Driver Alterations. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:804. [PMID: 33671873 PMCID: PMC7918961 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to groundbreaking developments and continuous progress, the treatment of advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has become an exciting, but increasingly challenging task. This applies, in particular, to the subgroup of NSCLC with oncogenic driver alterations. While the treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged NSCLC with various tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is well-established, new targets have been identified in the last few years and new TKIs introduced in clinical practice. Even for KRAS mutations, considered for a long time as an "un-targetable" alteration, promising new drugs are emerging. The detection and in-depth molecular analysis of resistance mechanisms has further fueled the development of new therapeutic strategies. The objective of this review is to give a comprehensive overview on the current landscape of targetable oncogenic alterations in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David König
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Spasenija Savic Prince
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sacha I. Rothschild
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
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45
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He Y, Zhao F, Han Q, Zhou Y, Zhao S. Prognostic nomogram for predicting long-term cancer-specific survival in patients with lung carcinoid tumors. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:141. [PMID: 33557782 PMCID: PMC7871376 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung carcinoid is a rare malignant tumor with poor survival. The current study established a nomogram model for predicting cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with lung carcinoid tumors. METHODS A total of 1956 patients diagnosed with primary lung carcinoid tumors were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The specific predictors of CSS for lung carcinoid tumors were identified and integrated to build a nomogram. Validation of the nomogram was conducted using parameters concordance index (C-index), calibration plots, decision curve analyses (DCAs), and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS Age at diagnosis, grade, histological type, N stage, M stage, surgery of the primary site, radiation of the primary site, and tumor size were independent prognostic factors of CSS. High discriminative accuracy of the nomogram model was shown in the training cohort (C-index = 0.873), which was also testified in the internal validation cohort (C-index = 0.861). In both cohorts, the calibration plots showed good concordance between the predicted and observed CSS at 3, 5, and 10 years. The DCA showed great potential for clinical application. The ROC curve showed superior survival predictive ability of the nomogram model (area under the curve = 0.868). CONCLUSIONS We developed a practical nomogram that provided independent predictions of CSS for patients with lung carcinoid tumors. This nomogram may have the potential to assist clinicians in prognostic evaluations or developing individualized therapies for patients with this neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Cancer Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences&Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingbing Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiwu Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medical Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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46
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Luo X, Peng S, Ding S, Zeng Q, Wang R, Ma Y, Chen S, Wang Y, Wang W. Prognostic values, ceRNA network, and immune regulation function of SDPR in KRAS-mutant lung cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:49. [PMID: 33435990 PMCID: PMC7802324 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serum Deprivation Protein Response (SDPR) plays an important role in formation of pulmonary alveoli. However, the functions and values of SDPR in lung cancer remain unknown. We explored prognostic value, expression pattern, and biological function of SDPR in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and KRAS-mutant lung cancers. Methods SDPR expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blot on human NSCLC cells, lung adenocarcinoma tissue array, KRAS-mutant transgenic mice, TCGA and GEO datasets. Prognostic values of SDPR were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis. Bioinformatics implications of SDPR including SDPR-combined transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs were predicted. In addition, correlations between SDPR, immune checkpoint molecules, and tumor infiltration models were illustrated. Results SDPR expression was downregulated in tumor cells and tissues. Low SDPR expression was an independent factor that correlated with shorter overall survival of patients both in lung cancer and KRAS-mutant subgroups. Meanwhile, ceRNA network was constructed to clarify the regulatory and biological functions of SDPR. Negative correlations were found between SDPR and immune checkpoint molecules (PD-L1, TNFRSF18, TNFRSF9, and TDO2). Moreover, diversity immune infiltration models were observed in NSCLC with different SDPR expression and copy number variation (CNV) patterns. Conclusions This study elucidated regulation network of SDPR in KRAS-mutant NSCLC, and it illustrated correlations between low SDPR expression and suppressed immune system, unfolding a prognostic factor and potential target for the treatment of lung cancer, especially for KRAS-mutant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunli Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijie Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyun Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - ShiYu Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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47
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Cheng T, Gu Z, Song D, Liu S, Tong X, Wu X, Lin Z, Hong W. Genomic and clinical characteristics of MET exon14 alterations in a large cohort of Chinese cancer patients revealed distinct features and a novel resistance mechanism for crizotinib. J Cancer 2021; 12:644-651. [PMID: 33403024 PMCID: PMC7778531 DOI: 10.7150/jca.49391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alterations in MET exon 14 (METex14) and its flanking intronic regions have been identified in a variety of cancers. Patients with METex14 alterations often benefit from MET inhibitors such as crizotinib. Given the unique mutation profiles of Chinese lung cancer patients, it is necessary to investigate the prevalence of METex14 alterations in a large cohort of cancer patients. Patients and methods: Cases carrying METex14 alterations were screened from 26,391 Chinese cancer patients by next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics were reviewed. Results: Compared to Western population (~3%), the frequency of METex14 alterations is much lower in Chinese cancer patients (0.7%, n=184) and lung cancer patients (1.1%, n=175). Seventy-eight distinct METex14 alterations, including several novel alteration types were detected. Concurrent MET copy gain and non-exon14 MET mutations were also found. EGFR copy gain (11%) and mutations (8%), KRAS (5%) and PIK3CA (5%), appeared in a mutually exclusive pattern. Female patients contain much less TP53 mutations than male patients (65% vs. 24%, FDR = 0.01). Co-amplification of CDK4 and MDM2, CDK6 and EGFR were identified, which indicated cell cycle dysregulation and EGFR alteration are important co-occurring features in patients with METex 14 alteration. Of 9 tissue specimens having PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) results, 5 of them (55.5%) were found PD-L1 positive, which is comparable to other types of tumor. In 14 crizotinib-treated patients, the median progression free survival (mPFS) was 7 months. Upon resistance to crizotinib, two patients acquired secondary mutations in MET and one patient acquired BRAF p.K601E that can be a novel resistance mechanism. Conclusion: Chinese cancer patients have a relatively lower frequency of METex14 alterations compared to Western patients. Patients with METex14 alterations showed distinct molecular characteristics and the representative case study showed responses to MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Cheng
- Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongping Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Danni Song
- Department of Research and Development, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sisi Liu
- Department of Research and Development, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xue Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhifeng Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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48
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Burns TF, Borghaei H, Ramalingam SS, Mok TS, Peters S. Targeting KRAS-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: One Mutation at a Time, With a Focus on KRAS G12C Mutations. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:4208-4218. [PMID: 33104438 PMCID: PMC7723684 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F Burns
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Suresh S Ramalingam
- Division of Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Tony S Mok
- State Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Solange Peters
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne University, Switzerland
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49
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Ma Y, Li Q, Du Y, Chen W, Zhao G, Liu X, Li H, Liu J, Shen Z, Ma L, Zhou Y. Oncogenic Genetic Alterations in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in Southwestern China. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:10861-10874. [PMID: 33149691 PMCID: PMC7605593 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s266069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the impact of oncogenic genetic alterations (GAs) on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in southwestern China. PATIENTS AND METHODS We first collected 579 pathologically confirmed NSCLC specimens and then used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to evaluate the DNA samples for GAs. Both the tissue and plasma samples were provided by 28 patients. Furthermore, subgroup analyses based on sample type, concordance, and GA type were carried out. RESULTS GAs were detected by NGS in 61.8% (358/579) of patients. Two hundred and twenty-nine patients (39.6%) harbored EGFR mutations, 63 (10.9%) harbored KRAS mutations, 13 (2.2%) harbored BRAF mutations, 30 (5.18%) harbored ALK fusions, and 13 (2.2%) had ROS1 fusions. We found that females (p < 0.01), nonsmokers (p < 0.001), adenocarcinoma (p < 0.001), and tissue (p = 0.03) had a relatively high EGFR mutation rate. Notably, NSCLC patients from Xuanwei had a significantly different mutational pattern for EGFR in comparison with that of non-Xuanwei patients (higher G719X + S768I mutations and multiple gene alterations, but fewer exon 19 deletion mutations and single gene alterations). We found that adenocarcinoma (p = 0.02), family history of malignancy (p = 0.03), Xuanwei origin (p < 0.001), and tissue (p = 0.04) were associated with a higher number of KRAS mutations. Subgroup analysis showed that ALK (p < 0.001) and ROS1 (p < 0.05) fusions and rare EGFR mutations (p < 0.001) were associated with non-Han ethnic patients. CONCLUSION Yunnan NSCLC patients from Xuanwei and non-Han ethnic patients had an obviously unique prevalence of GAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming650118, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Li
- Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Research of Yunnan Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming650118, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaxi Du
- Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Research of Yunnan Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming650118, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanlin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming650118, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanqiang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming650118, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Research of Yunnan Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming650118, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- International Joint Laboratory on High Altitude Regional Cancer of Yunnan Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming650118, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxi Liu
- International Joint Laboratory on High Altitude Regional Cancer of Yunnan Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming650118, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghai Shen
- Yunnan Cancer Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming650118, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luyao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Research of Yunnan Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming650118, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongchun Zhou
- Yunnan Cancer Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming650118, People’s Republic of China
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50
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Hagmeyer L, Schäfer S, Engels M, Fassunke J, Pietzke-Calcagnile A, Treml M, Herkenrath SD, Matthes S, Wolf J, Büttner R, Randerath W. Combining biopsy tools improves mutation detection rate in central lung cancer. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00002-2020. [PMID: 32964002 PMCID: PMC7487356 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00002-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular genetic testing (such as next-generation sequencing (NGS)) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) staining have become essential for the evaluation of lung cancer tissue [1, 2]. Endobronchial forceps biopsy (FB) is considered the gold standard for tissue sampling in central lung cancer [3]. In central exophytic lung cancer, the detection rate of oncogenic mutations and PDL1 positivity may be increased by combined sampling by forceps and EBUS-TBNA. The additional sampling of mediastinal lymph node and ctDNA may not be of additional benefit.https://bit.ly/2Ve41EF
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hagmeyer
- Institute of Pneumology, University of Cologne, Solingen, Germany.,Hospital Bethanien Solingen, Clinic of Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Care, Solingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schäfer
- University of Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marianne Engels
- University of Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jana Fassunke
- University of Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Marcel Treml
- Institute of Pneumology, University of Cologne, Solingen, Germany
| | - Simon-Dominik Herkenrath
- Institute of Pneumology, University of Cologne, Solingen, Germany.,Hospital Bethanien Solingen, Clinic of Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Care, Solingen, Germany
| | - Sandhya Matthes
- Hospital Bethanien Solingen, Clinic of Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Care, Solingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wolf
- University Hospital of Cologne, Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Winfried Randerath
- Institute of Pneumology, University of Cologne, Solingen, Germany.,Hospital Bethanien Solingen, Clinic of Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Care, Solingen, Germany
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