1
|
Mamun TI, Younus S, Rahman MH. Gastric cancer-Epidemiology, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, challenges and opportunities: An updated review. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2024; 41:100845. [PMID: 39357127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer represents a significant global health challenge due to its high mortality and incidence rates, particularly in Eastern Asia, Eastern Europe, and South America. This comprehensive review synthesizes the latest epidemiological data and explores both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with gastric cancer, aiming to delineate the multifactorial etiology of this disease. Modifiable risk factors include Helicobacter pylori infection, obesity, dietary habits, smoking and alcohol consumption, whereas nonmodifiable factors comprise genetic predispositions, age, family history and male gender. The interplay of these factors significantly impacts the risk and progression of gastric cancer, suggesting potential preventive strategies. The challenges in treating gastric cancer are considerable, largely because of the late-stage diagnosis and the heterogeneity of the disease, which complicate effective treatment regimens. Current treatment strategies involve a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies. The FLOT regimen (5-FU, Leucovorin, Oxaliplatin and Docetaxel) is now a standard for resectable cases in Europe and the US, showing superior survival and response rates over ECF and ECX regimens. For HER2-positive gastric cancer, trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy improves overall survival, as demonstrated by the ToGA trial. Additionally, immune checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab and nivolumab offer promising results. However, the five-year survival rate remains low, underscoring the urgency for improved therapeutic approaches. Recent advancements in molecular biology and cancer genomics have begun to pave the way for personalized medicine in gastric cancer care, focusing on molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapy. This review also highlights the critical need for better screening methods that could facilitate early detection and treatment, potentially improving the prognosis. By integrating epidemiological insights with new therapeutic strategies, this article aims to thoroughly understand of gastric cancer's dynamics and outline a framework for future research and clinical management, advocating for a multidisciplinary approach to tackle this formidable disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tajul Islam Mamun
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Sabrina Younus
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hashibur Rahman
- Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pogue BW. Perspective on the optics of medical imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:121208. [PMID: 37780842 PMCID: PMC10541334 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.12.121208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance Medical imaging is very commonly described as synonymous with radiological imaging, yet optical imaging devices are widely distributed throughout many medical specialties. This delocalized nature of the technology reduces visibility and dominance as a cohesive medical technology sector. Aim Indicators of impact of medical optical systems were examined and compared to the radiology technology sector. Approach This study included a summary of (i) physician users, (ii) global technology valuations, and (iii) NIH funding levels. Analysis focused on comparing optical and radiological technology, comparing costs, funding, and finding differences, while tabulating strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the field of optical imaging. Results The 2023 global technology revenue valuation of biomedical optical tools is $128 billion USD/year while that of radiological tools is $48 billion USD/year. A direct comparison of US NIH funding in radiology shows $8.5 billion/year, whereas optical devices are nearer to $3.6 billion USD/year. R&D investment in applications, such as endoscopy, laparoscopy, and pulse oximetry, is far below those of radiological tools when normalized by valuation. Conclusions The medical optical device industry is highly fragmented but has become the largest single technology sector in medicine today. When contrasted to radiology, it appears underfunded for research, where point-of-care tools such as surgery, endoscopy, laparoscopy, ophthalmology, pulse oximetry, and monitoring have more potential for development through research investment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian W. Pogue
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Raj R, Firoz Khan M, Shariq M, Ahsan N, Singh R, Kumar Basoya P. Point-of-care optical devices in clinical imaging and screening: A review on the state of the art. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200386. [PMID: 36906735 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Integration of optical technologies in biomedical sciences permitted light manipulation at smaller time-length scales for specific detection and imaging of biological entities. Similarly, advances in consumer electronics and wireless telecommunications strengthened the development of affordable and portable point-of-care (POC) optical devices, circumventing the necessity of conventional clinical analyses by trained personnel. However, many of the POC optical technologies translated from bench to bedside require industrial support for their commercialization and dissemination to the population. This review aims to demonstrate the intriguing progress and challenges of emerging POC devices utilizing optics for clinical imaging (depth-resolved and perfusion imaging) and screening (infections, cancer, cardiac health, and haematologic disorders) with a focus on research studies over the previous 3 years. Special attention is given to POC optical devices that can be utilized in resource-constrained environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Raj
- Division of Quantum Biophotonics, QuantLase Laboratory, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Firoz Khan
- Division of Quantum Biophotonics, QuantLase Laboratory, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohd Shariq
- Division of Quantum Biophotonics, QuantLase Laboratory, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nuzhat Ahsan
- Division of Quantum Biophotonics, QuantLase Laboratory, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rinky Singh
- Division of Quantum Biophotonics, QuantLase Laboratory, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pramod Kumar Basoya
- Division of Quantum Biophotonics, QuantLase Laboratory, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bacon A, Wang W, Lee H, Umrao S, Sinawang PD, Akin D, Khemtonglang K, Tan A, Hirshfield S, Demirci U, Wang X, Cunningham BT. Review of HIV Self Testing Technologies and Promising Approaches for the Next Generation. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:298. [PMID: 36832064 PMCID: PMC9954708 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ability to self-test for HIV is vital to preventing transmission, particularly when used in concert with HIV biomedical prevention modalities, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In this paper, we review recent developments in HIV self-testing and self-sampling methods, and the potential future impact of novel materials and methods that emerged through efforts to develop more effective point-of-care (POC) SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. We address the gaps in existing HIV self-testing technologies, where improvements in test sensitivity, sample-to-answer time, simplicity, and cost are needed to enhance diagnostic accuracy and widespread accessibility. We discuss potential paths toward the next generation of HIV self-testing through sample collection materials, biosensing assay techniques, and miniaturized instrumentation. We discuss the implications for other applications, such as self-monitoring of HIV viral load and other infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bacon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hankeun Lee
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Saurabh Umrao
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Genomic Diagnostics, Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Prima Dewi Sinawang
- Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Demir Akin
- Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence for Translational Diagnostics (CCNE-TD), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kodchakorn Khemtonglang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Anqi Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sabina Hirshfield
- Special Treatment and Research (STAR) Program, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11203, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Genomic Diagnostics, Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brian T. Cunningham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Genomic Diagnostics, Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Keshavamurthy KN, Dylov DV, Yazdanfar S, Patel D, Silk T, Silk M, Jacques F, Petre EN, Gonen M, Rekhtman N, Ostroverkhov V, Scher HI, Solomon SB, Durack JC. Evaluation of an Integrated Spectroscopy and Classification Platform for Point-of-Care Core Needle Biopsy Assessment: Performance Characteristics from Ex Vivo Renal Mass Biopsies. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022; 33:1408-1415.e3. [PMID: 35940363 PMCID: PMC10204606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate a transmission optical spectroscopy instrument for rapid ex vivo assessment of core needle cancer biopsies (CNBs) at the point of care. MATERIALS AND METHODS CNBs from surgically resected renal tumors and nontumor regions were scanned on their sampling trays with a custom spectroscopy instrument. After extracting principal spectral components, machine learning was used to train logistic regression, support vector machines, and random decision forest (RF) classifiers on 80% of randomized and stratified data. The algorithms were evaluated on the remaining 20% of the data set held out during training. Binary classification (tumor/nontumor) was performed based on a decision threshold. Multinomial classification was also performed to differentiate between the subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and account for potential confounding effects from fat, blood, and necrotic tissue. Classifiers were compared based on sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) relative to a histopathologic standard. RESULTS A total of 545 CNBs from 102 patients were analyzed, yielding 5,583 spectra after outlier exclusion. At the individual spectra level, the best performing algorithm was RF with sensitivities of 96% and 92% and specificities of 90% and 89%, for the binary and multiclass analyses, respectively. At the full CNB level, RF algorithm also showed the highest sensitivity and specificity (93% and 91%, respectively). For RCC subtypes, the highest sensitivity and PPV were attained for clear cell (93.5%) and chromophobe (98.2%) subtypes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Ex vivo spectroscopy imaging paired with machine learning can accurately characterize renal mass CNB at the time of tissue acquisition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitry V Dylov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Dharam Patel
- Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | - Tarik Silk
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Mikhail Silk
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Elena N Petre
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mithat Gonen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Natasha Rekhtman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Howard I Scher
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Stephen B Solomon
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jeremy C Durack
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Assessment of Specific Tumoral Markers, Inflammatory Status, and Vitamin D Metabolism before and after the First Chemotherapy Cycle in Patients with Lung Cancer. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071033. [PMID: 36101414 PMCID: PMC9312139 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: We aimed to investigate the changes of inflammatory status reflected by serum levels of chitotriosidase (CHT) and neopterin, and how specific tumor markers such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), as well as vitamin D metabolism assessed by vitamin D receptor (VDR) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25OHD3), were modified after the first cycle of chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Methods: We performed this first pilot study on twenty patients diagnosed with lung cancer by investigating the serum concentrations of CHT, neopterin, NSE, SCCA, VDR and 25OHD3 before and after the first cycle of chemotherapy. Results: The post-treatment values of NSE were significantly lower compared to the pre-treatment levels (14.37 vs. 17.10 ng/mL, p = 0.031). We noticed a similar trend in neopterin levels, but the difference was only marginally significant (1.44 vs. 1.17 ng/mL, p = 0.069). On the contrary, the variations of circulating SCCA, CHT, neopterin, VDR and 25OHD3, before and after treatment, did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Only circulating NSE was treatment responsive to the first chemotherapy cycle in patients with lung cancer, while inflammatory markers and vitamin D status were not significantly modified.
Collapse
|
7
|
Miglione A, Spinelli M, Amoresano A, Cinti S. Sustainable Copper Electrochemical Stripping onto a Paper-Based Substrate for Clinical Application. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:177-184. [PMID: 36785726 PMCID: PMC9838819 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The electroanalytical field has exploited great advantages in using paper-based substrates, even if the word "paper" might be general. In fact, the mainly adopted paper-based substrates are often chromatographic and office ones. They are characterized by the following main features (and drawbacks): chromatographic paper is well-established for storing reagents/treating samples, but the sensitivity compared to traditional screen-printed ones is lower (due to porosity), while office paper represents a sustainable alternative to plastic (with similar sensitivity), but its porosity is not enough to load reagents. To overcome the limitations that might arise due to the adoption of a type of individual paper-based substrate, herein, we describe for the first time the development of a two-dimensional merged paper-based device for electrochemical copper ion detection in serum. In this work, we report a novel configuration to produce an integrated all-in-one electrochemical device, in which no additional working medium has to be added by the end user and the sensitivity can be tuned by rapid preconcentration on porous paper, with the advantage of making the platform adaptable to real matrix scenarios. The novel architecture has been obtained by combining office paper to screen-print a sustainable and robust electrochemical strip and a chromatographic disk to (1) store the reagents, (2) collect real samples, and (3) preconcentrate the analyte of interest. The novel sensing platform has allowed us to obtain a detection limit for copper ions down to 4 ppb in all the solutions that have been investigated, namely, standard solutions and serum, and a repeatability of ca. 10% has been obtained. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry measurements confirmed the satisfactory correlation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Miglione
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, Via D. Montesano
49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Michele Spinelli
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, Via D. Montesano
49, Naples 80131, Italy
- BAT
Center - Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental
Technology, University of Naples Federico
II, Naples 80055, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guo W, Tao Y, Liu W, Song C, Zhou J, Jiang H, Ren Y. A visual portable microfluidic experimental device with multiple electric field regulation functions. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1556-1564. [PMID: 35352749 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00152g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High portability and miniaturization are two of the most important objectives pursued by microfluidic methods. However, there remain many challenges for the design of portable and visual microfluidic devices (e.g., electrokinetic experiments) due to the use of a microscope and power supply. To this end, we report a visual portable microfluidic experimental device (PMED) with multiple electric field regulation functions, which can realize the electric field regulation functions of various basic microfluidic experiments through modular design. The internal reaction process of the microfluidic chip is displayed by a smartphone, and the experimental results are analyzed using a mobile phone application (APP). Taking the induced-charge electroosmosis (ICEO) particle focusing phenomenon as an example, we carried out detailed experiments on PMED and obtained conclusions consistent with numerical simulations. In addition to ICEO experiments, other functions such as alternating electroosmosis (ACEO), thermal buoyancy convection, and dielectrophoresis (DEP) can be realized by replacing module-specific covers. The device expands the application of microfluidic experiments and provides a certain reference for the further integration and portability of subsequent microfluidic experiment devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenshang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China.
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Physics Harvard University, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Weiyu Liu
- Chang'an University, Middle-Section of Nan'er Huan Road, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Chunlei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nguyen M, Stamenova V, Onabajo N, Merritt R, Sutakovic O, Mossman K, Wong I, Ives-Baine L, Bhatia RS, Brent MH, Bhattacharyya O. Perceptions of a Teleophthalmology Screening Program for Diabetic Retinopathy in Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Urban Primary Care Settings. Can J Diabetes 2022; 46:S1499-2671(22)00043-0. [PMID: 35985924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Teleophthalmology has improved diabetic retinopathy screening, and should be expanded in urban areas, where most unscreened individuals reside. In this study we explored facilitators and barriers of teleophthalmology in primary care settings in Toronto, Canada. METHODS Semistructured interviews were conducted with 7 health-care providers and 7 individuals with diabetes to explore their perspectives of teleophthalmology in urban primary care settings. Interview data were analyzed using interpretive thematic analysis to generate themes. RESULTS Six themes were identified. Facilitators included patient-centred implementation, access to teleophthalmology at primary care sites and patients' trust in their providers' recommendations. Barriers included patients' lack of understanding of diabetic retinopathy and the health-care system, providers' lack of interest and the need to streamline administrative processes. CONCLUSIONS Although teleophthalmology was well-received by patients, there was limited interest from primary care providers. Strategies for increasing uptake include increasing primary care providers' awareness of teleophthalmology's value in urban centres, improving administrative processes and centralizing patient recruitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Nguyen
- Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Vess Stamenova
- Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nike Onabajo
- Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca Merritt
- South Riverdale Community Health Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivera Sutakovic
- Donald K Johnson Eye Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathryn Mossman
- Research and Strategy, Throughline Strategy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ivy Wong
- Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lori Ives-Baine
- Patient Partner, Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Sacha Bhatia
- Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael H Brent
- Donald K Johnson Eye Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Onil Bhattacharyya
- Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mu J, Xiao M, Shi Y, Geng X, Li H, Yin Y, Chen X. The Chemistry of Organic Contrast Agents in the NIR‐II Window. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Mu
- Institute of Precision Medicine Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen 518036 China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Institute of Precision Medicine Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen 518036 China
| | - Yu Shi
- Institute of Precision Medicine Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen 518036 China
| | - Xuewen Geng
- Department of Biology University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen 518036 China
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 119074 Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program NUS Center for Nanomedicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 117597 Singapore
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Precision Medicine Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen 518036 China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 119074 Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre Centre for Translational Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 117599 Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program NUS Center for Nanomedicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 117597 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Saadé MC, Gh Haddad F, Sukkarieh G, Mechleb N, Waked N. The Role of Funduscopy in Severe Thrombocytopenia: A Prospective Study. Transfus Clin Biol 2021; 29:138-140. [PMID: 34923149 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Platelet transfusions for patients suffering from severe thrombocytopenia are regulated by clinical bleedings and platelet counts. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of retinal hemorrhage in patients with hematologic and oncologic malignancies and severe thrombocytopenia, and to determine the benefit of systematic funduscopic examination in this setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hospitalized patients with hematologic and oncologic malignancies having a platelet count less than 25,000 per µL underwent indirect ophthalmoscopy. The prevalence of retinal hemorrhage and its correlation with different patients' characteristics were determined. The decision to transfuse platelets or not following bedside indirect ophthalmoscopy was left at the discretion of the treating physician. RESULTS A total of 34 severe thrombocytopenic patients were included in the study. The prevalence of retinal hemorrhage was detected in 10 patients (29.4%). No significant correlation was found between the occurrence of retinal hemorrhage and age, platelet count or thrombocytopenia etiology (P >0.05). No significant difference was found concerning the rate of transfusion between those with and without retinal hemorrhage. CONCLUSION According to our statistical results, retinal hemorrhage is a frequent finding in severely thrombocytopenic patients. Early detection may lead to an increase in the platelet transfusion threshold from to 30,000 per µL offering additional protection against spontaneous bleedings. Funduscopy is a safe and easy exam to perform systematically in patients with severe thrombocytopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Christelle Saadé
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Division of Nephrology, Dallas, Texas, USA.
| | - Fady Gh Haddad
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Sukkarieh
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nicole Mechleb
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Naji Waked
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mu J, Xiao M, Shi Y, Geng X, Li H, Yin Y, Chen X. The Chemistry of Organic Contrast Agents in the NIR-II Window. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114722. [PMID: 34873810 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Optical imaging, especially fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging, possesses non-invasiveness, high spatial and temporal resolution, and high sensitivity, etc., compared to positron emission tomography (PET) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Due to the merits from the second near infrared (NIR-II) window imaging, like deeper penetration depth, high signal-to-noise ratio, high resolution, and low tissue damage, researchers devote great efforts to develop contrast agents with NIR-II absorption or emission. In this review, we summarized recently developed organic luminescent and photoacoustic materials, ranging from small molecules to conjugated polymers. Then, we systematically introduced engineering strategies and their imaging performance, classified by the skeleton cores. Finally, we elucidated the challenges and prospective of these NIR-II organic dyes for potential clinical applications. We hope our summary can inspire further development of NIR-II contrast agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Mu
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Precision Medicine, CHINA
| | - Ming Xiao
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Precision Medicine, CHINA
| | - Yu Shi
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Precision Medicine, CHINA
| | - Xuewen Geng
- University of Rochester, Department of Biology, UNITED STATES
| | - Hui Li
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Precision Medicine, CHINA
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Precision Medicine, CHINA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- National University of Singapore, School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, 10 Medical Dr, 117597, Singapore, SINGAPORE
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Luo Y, Joung HA, Esparza S, Rao J, Garner O, Ozcan A. Quantitative particle agglutination assay for point-of-care testing using mobile holographic imaging and deep learning. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3550-3558. [PMID: 34292287 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00467k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Particle agglutination assays are widely adopted immunological tests that are based on antigen-antibody interactions. Antibody-coated microscopic particles are mixed with a test sample that potentially contains the target antigen, as a result of which the particles form clusters, with a size that is a function of the antigen concentration and the reaction time. Here, we present a quantitative particle agglutination assay that combines mobile lens-free microscopy and deep learning for rapidly measuring the concentration of a target analyte; as its proof-of-concept, we demonstrate high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) testing using human serum samples. A dual-channel capillary lateral flow device is designed to host the agglutination reaction using 4 μL of serum sample with a material cost of 1.79 cents per test. A mobile lens-free microscope records time-lapsed inline holograms of the lateral flow device, monitoring the agglutination process over 3 min. These captured holograms are processed, and at each frame the number and area of the particle clusters are automatically extracted and fed into shallow neural networks to predict the CRP concentration. 189 measurements using 88 unique patient serum samples were utilized to train, validate and blindly test our platform, which matched the corresponding ground truth concentrations in the hs-CRP range (0-10 μg mL-1) with an R2 value of 0.912. This computational sensing platform was also able to successfully differentiate very high CRP concentrations (e.g., >10-500 μg mL-1) from the hs-CRP range. This mobile, cost-effective and quantitative particle agglutination assay can be useful for various point-of-care sensing needs and global health related applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Hyou-Arm Joung
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Sarah Esparza
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jingyou Rao
- Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Omai Garner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gupta S, Mathews BJ, Ghantaa SN, Amerneni KC, Karuna T, Pakhare A, Joshi D, Khadanga S. Foldscope: Diagnostic Accuracy and Feasibility of its Use in National Malaria Control Program. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2021; 10:114-117. [PMID: 36504592 PMCID: PMC9728086 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_103_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria has been an important public health all over the globe. Although conventional light microscopy is the gold standard of diagnosis, light microscopes are heavy, fragile, costly, and electricity dependent. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have become more popular but perform badly in temperate climate. This is because the RDT kits require maintenance of cold chain for its optimal use. In this regard, there is a recent interest in handheld malaria microscopy at the point of care in the field setting. Foldscopes are cheap, handy, nonfragile, and use mobile camera for illumination. The purpose of the study was to find whether foldscope can be used in the national vector borne disease control program (NVBDCP) in India. Methods Ten laboratory technicians were trained in identifying malaria parasites using foldscope and their mobiles. Later, they were provided with unassembled foldscope to document their test results for the preidentified malaria slides. The blood smears were stained as per the protocol of NVBDCP. The report of the index test (foldscope microscopy) was compared with the reference test (conventional microscopy). Results The sensitivity and specificity of the index test was found to be 13.3% (6.257-26.18), specificity of 97.78% (88.43-99.61), positive predictive value 85.71% (48.69-97.43), and negative predictive value 53.01% (42.38-63.38). The devise failure rate and test failure rate were 20% and 11.7%. The kappa agreement between the index and reference microscopy was only 11% and the McNemar P < 0.01. Conclusion The ×400 foldscope at its present magnification and illumination cannot be utilized in the field under NVBDCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | | | | | - T. Karuna
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Deepti Joshi
- Department of Pathology, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sagar Khadanga
- Department of Medicine, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Sagar Khadanga, Department of Medicine, AIIMS, Saket Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schwaminger S, Rottmueller ME, Fischl R, Kalali B, Berensmeier S. Detection of targeted bacteria species on filtration membranes. Analyst 2021; 146:3549-3556. [PMID: 33899848 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00117e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The detection of pathogens in aquatic environments issues a time-consuming challenge, but it is an essential task to prevent the spread of diseases. We have developed a new point-of-care (POC) method for the fast and efficient detection of Legionella pneumophila in water. The method consists first of the generation of immunocomplexes of bacteria species with its corresponding targeted fluorescence-labelled serogroup-specific antibodies, and second a concentration step of pathogens with a membrane filter. Third, on the filtration membrane, our method can detect the fluorescence intensity corresponding to the pathogen concentration. Thus selective and efficient evidence for the presence of bacteria can be evaluated. We tested our system on fluorescent Escherichia coli bacteria and were able to reach an accurate determination of 1000 cells. The technique was furthermore tested on Legionella pneumophila cells, which were labelled with fluorescence-labelled antibodies as a proof of principle. Furthermore, we were able to verify this method in the presence of other bacteria species. We were able to detect bacteria cells within half an hour, a substantial advancement compared to the prevailling state of the art detection method based on the cultivation of Legionella pneumophila. Hence, this system represents the basis for future developments in analysis of pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schwaminger
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Marina E Rottmueller
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Ramona Fischl
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Behnam Kalali
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bagheri N, Mazzaracchio V, Cinti S, Colozza N, Di Natale C, Netti PA, Saraji M, Roggero S, Moscone D, Arduini F. Electroanalytical Sensor Based on Gold-Nanoparticle-Decorated Paper for Sensitive Detection of Copper Ions in Sweat and Serum. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5225-5233. [PMID: 33739824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The growth of (bio)sensors in analytical chemistry is mainly attributable to the development of affordable, effective, portable, and user-friendly analytical tools. In the field of sensors, paper-based devices are gaining a relevant position for their outstanding features including foldability, ease of use, and instrument-free microfluidics. Herein, a multifarious use of filter paper to detect copper ions in bodily fluids is reported by exploiting this eco-friendly material to (i) synthesize AuNPs without the use of reductants and/or external stimuli, (ii) print the electrodes, (iii) load the reagents for the assay, (iv) filter the gross impurities, and (v) preconcentrate the target analyte. Copper ions were detected down to 3 ppb with a linearity up to 400 ppb in standard solutions. The applicability in biological matrices, namely, sweat and serum, was demonstrated by recovery studies and by analyzing these biofluids with the paper-based platform and the reference method (atomic absorption spectroscopy), demonstrating satisfactory accuracy of the novel eco-designed analytical tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Bagheri
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Vincenzo Mazzaracchio
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.,BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Noemi Colozza
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Di Natale
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Research Center of Biomaterials, CRIB, University Federico II, P.leTecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Research Center of Biomaterials, CRIB, University Federico II, P.leTecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Mohammad Saraji
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Simona Roggero
- Cardiovascular Lab, Via Locatelli, 2, 20124 Milan, Italy
| | - Danila Moscone
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.,SENSE4MED, via Renato Rascel 30, 00128 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Holmström O, Stenman S, Suutala A, Moilanen H, Kücükel H, Ngasala B, Mårtensson A, Mhamilawa L, Aydin-Schmidt B, Lundin M, Diwan V, Linder N, Lundin J. A novel deep learning-based point-of-care diagnostic method for detecting Plasmodium falciparum with fluorescence digital microscopy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242355. [PMID: 33201905 PMCID: PMC7671488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria remains a major global health problem with a need for improved field-usable diagnostic tests. We have developed a portable, low-cost digital microscope scanner, capable of both brightfield and fluorescence imaging. Here, we used the instrument to digitize blood smears, and applied deep learning (DL) algorithms to detect Plasmodium falciparum parasites. METHODS Thin blood smears (n = 125) were collected from patients with microscopy-confirmed P. falciparum infections in rural Tanzania, prior to and after initiation of artemisinin-based combination therapy. The samples were stained using the 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole fluorogen and digitized using the prototype microscope scanner. Two DL algorithms were trained to detect malaria parasites in the samples, and results compared to the visual assessment of both the digitized samples, and the Giemsa-stained thick smears. RESULTS Detection of P. falciparum parasites in the digitized thin blood smears was possible both by visual assessment and by DL-based analysis with a strong correlation in results (r = 0.99, p < 0.01). A moderately strong correlation was observed between the DL-based thin smear analysis and the visual thick smear-analysis (r = 0.74, p < 0.01). Low levels of parasites were detected by DL-based analysis on day three following treatment initiation, but a small number of fluorescent signals were detected also in microscopy-negative samples. CONCLUSION Quantification of P. falciparum parasites in DAPI-stained thin smears is feasible using DL-supported, point-of-care digital microscopy, with a high correlation to visual assessment of samples. Fluorescent signals from artefacts in samples with low infection levels represented the main challenge for the digital analysis, thus highlighting the importance of minimizing sample contaminations. The proposed method could support malaria diagnostics and monitoring of treatment response through automated quantification of parasitaemia and is likely to be applicable also for diagnostics of other Plasmodium species and other infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Holmström
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Sebastian Stenman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Suutala
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Moilanen
- Center of Microscopy and Nanotechnology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hakan Kücükel
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Billy Ngasala
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Entomology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Andreas Mårtensson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lwidiko Mhamilawa
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Entomology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Berit Aydin-Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Lundin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vinod Diwan
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Linder
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Prasad A, Hasan SMA, Gartia MR. Optical Identification of Middle Ear Infection. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092239. [PMID: 32397569 PMCID: PMC7248855 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ear infection is one of the most commonly occurring inflammation diseases in the world, especially for children. Almost every child encounters at least one episode of ear infection before he/she reaches the age of seven. The typical treatment currently followed by physicians is visual inspection and antibiotic prescription. In most cases, a lack of improper treatment results in severe bacterial infection. Therefore, it is necessary to design and explore advanced practices for effective diagnosis. In this review paper, we present the various types of ear infection and the related pathogens responsible for middle ear infection. We outline the conventional techniques along with clinical trials using those techniques to detect ear infections. Further, we highlight the need for emerging techniques to reduce ear infection complications. Finally, we emphasize the utility of Raman spectroscopy as a prospective non-invasive technique for the identification of middle ear infection.
Collapse
|
19
|
Walgama C, Nguyen MP, Boatner LM, Richards I, Crooks RM. Hybrid paper and 3D-printed microfluidic device for electrochemical detection of Ag nanoparticle labels. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1648-1657. [PMID: 32255136 PMCID: PMC7204514 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00276c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present article we report a new hybrid microfluidic device (hyFlow) comprising a disposable paper electrode and a three-dimensional (3D) printed plastic chip for the electrochemical detection of a magnetic bead-silver nanoparticle (MB-AgNP) bioconjugate. This hybrid device evolved due to the difficulty of incorporating micron-scale MBs into paper-only fluidic devices. Specifically, paper fluidic devices can entrap MB-containing conjugates within their cellulose or nitrocellulose fiber matrix. The hyFlow system was designed to minimize such issues and transport MB conjugates more efficiently to the electrochemical detection zone of the device. The hyFlow system retains the benefit of fluid transport by pressure-driven flow, however, no pump is required for its operation. The hyFlow device is capable of detecting either pre-formed MB-AgNP conjugates or conjugates formed in situ. The detection limit of AgNPs using this device is 12 pM, which represents just 22 AgNPs per MB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charuksha Walgama
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th Street, Stop A1590, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Michael P Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th Street, Stop A1590, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Lisa M Boatner
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th Street, Stop A1590, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Ian Richards
- Interactives Executive Excellence LLC, Austin, Texas 78733, USA
| | - Richard M Crooks
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th Street, Stop A1590, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Diagnostic Adjuncts for Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32316-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
21
|
An internet of things-based intensity and time-resolved fluorescence reader for point-of-care testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 154:112074. [PMID: 32056969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A miniature internet of things (IoT)-based point-of-care testing (PoCT) fluorescence reader, able to perform both intensity and time-resolved measurements of different fluorescent tags, is presented. This low cost platform has been conceived for performing tests in low-resource and remote settings, displaying versatile performance and yet simple operation. It consists on an external case of 43 × 30 × 42 mm3 (built in a 3D-printer) where all the elements are fixed, including some basic optics (3 lenses and 2 filters), a laser diode and a custom designed Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) camera. Both, the laser and the camera are controlled by a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) with IoT capabilities. The PoCT was validated by detecting Plasmodium antigen in a fluorescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a fluorescence substrate. The results were compared to those provided in parallel by two commercial fluorescent plate readers. As it will be shown, the PoCT fluorescent readout was more sensitive than its colorimetric counterpart. Furthermore, the PoCT displayed similar signal trends and levels of detection than the bulkier and more expensive commercial fluorescence plate readers. These results demonstrate that the PoCT platform developed could bring the performance of central laboratory assay techniques closer to the end-user level.
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang CH, Park YI, Lin HY, Pathania D, Park KS, Avila-Wallace M, Castro CM, Weissleder R, Lee H. Compact and Filter-Free Luminescence Biosensor for Mobile in Vitro Diagnoses. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11698-11706. [PMID: 31461265 PMCID: PMC7307311 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report a sensitive and versatile biosensing approach, LUCID (luminescence compact in vitro diagnostics), for quantitative molecular and cellular analyses. LUCID uses upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as luminescent reporters in mutually exclusive photoexcitation and read-out sequences implemented on a smartphone. The strategy improves imaging signal-to-noise ratios, eliminating interference from excitation sources and minimizing autofluorescence, and thus enables filterless imaging. Here we developed a miniaturized detection system and optimized UCNPs for the system and biological applications. Nanoparticle luminescence lifetime was extended by controlling particle structure and composition. When tested with a range of biological targets, LUCID achieved high detection sensitivity (0.5 pM for protein and 0.1 pM for nucleic acids), differentiated bacterial samples, and allowed profiling of cells. In proof-of-concept clinical use, LUCID demonstrated effective screening of cancer cells in cervical brushing specimens, identifying patients at high risk for malignancy. These results suggest that LUCID could serve as a broadly applicable and inexpensive diagnostic platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Han Huang
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Rd., Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yong Il Park
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hsing-Ying Lin
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Divya Pathania
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Ki Soo Park
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Maria Avila-Wallace
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Cesar M. Castro
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tyrosine-based asymmetric urea ligand for prostate carcinoma: Tuning biological efficacy through in silico studies. Bioorg Chem 2019; 91:103154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
24
|
Akram AR, Avlonitis N, Scholefield E, Vendrell M, McDonald N, Aslam T, Craven TH, Gray C, Collie DS, Fisher AJ, Corris PA, Walsh T, Haslett C, Bradley M, Dhaliwal K. Enhanced avidity from a multivalent fluorescent antimicrobial peptide enables pathogen detection in a human lung model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8422. [PMID: 31182770 PMCID: PMC6557859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid in situ detection of pathogens coupled with high resolution imaging in the distal human lung has the potential to provide new insights and diagnostic utility in patients in whom pneumonia is suspected. We have previously described an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) Ubiquicidin (fragment UBI29-41) labelled with an environmentally sensitive fluorophore that optically detected bacteria in vitro but not ex vivo. Here, we describe further chemical development of this compound and demonstrate that altering the secondary structure of the AMP to generate a tri-branched dendrimeric scaffold provides enhanced signal in vitro and ex vivo and consequently allows the rapid detection of pathogens in situ in an explanted human lung. This compound (NBD-UBIdend) demonstrates bacterial labelling specificity for a broad panel of pathogenic bacteria and Aspergillus fumigatus. NBD-UBIdend demonstrated high signal-to-noise fluorescence amplification upon target engagement, did not label host mammalian cells and was non-toxic and chemically robust within the inflamed biological environment. Intrapulmonary delivery of NBD-UBIdend, coupled with optical endomicroscopy demonstrated real-time, in situ detection of bacteria in explanted whole human Cystic Fibrosis lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan R Akram
- EPSRC IRC PROTEUS Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicolaos Avlonitis
- EaStCHEM, The University of Edinburgh School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Scholefield
- EPSRC IRC PROTEUS Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Vendrell
- EPSRC IRC PROTEUS Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Neil McDonald
- EPSRC IRC PROTEUS Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Tashfeen Aslam
- EaStCHEM, The University of Edinburgh School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas H Craven
- EPSRC IRC PROTEUS Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Calum Gray
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - David S Collie
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Fisher
- Institute of Transplantation, Newcastle University, Freeman Hospital, High Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Corris
- Institute of Transplantation, Newcastle University, Freeman Hospital, High Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Walsh
- EPSRC IRC PROTEUS Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Haslett
- EPSRC IRC PROTEUS Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bradley
- EPSRC IRC PROTEUS Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
- EaStCHEM, The University of Edinburgh School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Kevin Dhaliwal
- EPSRC IRC PROTEUS Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
A smart preparation strategy for point-of-care cellular counting of trace volumes of human blood. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2767-2780. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01738-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
26
|
Kong D, Jin R, Zhao X, Li H, Yan X, Liu F, Sun P, Gao Y, Liang X, Lin Y, Lu G. Protein-Inorganic Hybrid Nanoflower-Rooted Agarose Hydrogel Platform for Point-of-Care Detection of Acetylcholine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:11857-11864. [PMID: 30830739 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and precise profiling of acetylcholine (ACh) has become important for diagnosing diseases and safeguarding health care because of its pivotal role in the central nervous system. Herein, we developed a new colorimetric sensor based on protein-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers as artificial peroxidase, comprising a test kit and a smartphone reader, which sensitively quantifies ACh in human serum. In this sensor, ACh indirectly triggered the substrate reaction with the help of a multienzyme system including acetylcholinesterase, choline oxidase, and mimic peroxidase (nanoflowers), accompanying the enhancement of absorbance intensity at 652 nm. Therefore, the multienzyme platform can be used to detect ACh via monitoring the change of the absorbance in a range from 0.0005 to 6.0 mmol L-1. It is worth mentioning that the platform was used to prepare a portable agarose gel-based kit for rapid qualitative monitoring of ACh. Coupling with ImageJ program, the image information of test kits can be transduced into the hue parameter, which provides a directly quantitative tool to identify ACh. Based on the advantages of simple operation, good selectivity, and low cost, the availability of a portable kit for point-of-care testing will achieve the needs of frequent screening and diagnostic tracking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deshuai Kong
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Jin
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Li
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fangmeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xishuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehe Lin
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164 , United States
| | - Geyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Morin TJ, McKenna WL, Shropshire TD, Wride DA, Deschamps JD, Liu X, Stamm R, Wang H, Dunbar WB. A handheld platform for target protein detection and quantification using disposable nanopore strips. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14834. [PMID: 30287843 PMCID: PMC6172217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accessible point-of-care technologies that can provide immunoassay and molecular modalities could dramatically enhance diagnostics, particularly for infectious disease control in low-resource settings. Solid-state nanopores are simple and durable sensors with low-energy instrumentation requirements. While nanopore sensors have demonstrated efficacy for nucleic acid targets, selective detection and quantification of target proteins from sample background has not been demonstrated. We present a simple approach for electronic detection and quantification of target proteins that combines novel biomolecular engineering methods, a portable reader device and disposable nanopore test strips. The target of interest can be varied by swapping the binding domain on our engineered detection reagent, which eficiently binds in the bulk-phase to the target and subsequently generates a unique signature when passing through the pore. We show modularity of the detection reagent for two HIV antibodies, TNFα and tetanus toxin as targets. A saliva swab-to-result is demonstrated for clinically relevant HIV antibody levels (0.4–20 mg/liter) in under 60 seconds. While other strip-like assays are qualitative, the presented method is quantitative and sets the stage for simultaneous immunoassay and molecular diagnostic functionality within a single portable platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xu Liu
- Two Pore Guys Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - Hongyun Wang
- Two Pore Guys Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA.,Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Holmström O, Linder N, Ngasala B, Mårtensson A, Linder E, Lundin M, Moilanen H, Suutala A, Diwan V, Lundin J. Point-of-care mobile digital microscopy and deep learning for the detection of soil-transmitted helminths and Schistosoma haematobium. Glob Health Action 2018; 10:1337325. [PMID: 28838305 PMCID: PMC5645671 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2017.1337325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Microscopy remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of neglected tropical diseases. As resource limited, rural areas often lack laboratory equipment and trained personnel, new diagnostic techniques are needed. Low-cost, point-of-care imaging devices show potential in the diagnosis of these diseases. Novel, digital image analysis algorithms can be utilized to automate sample analysis. Objective: Evaluation of the imaging performance of a miniature digital microscopy scanner for the diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths and Schistosoma haematobium, and training of a deep learning-based image analysis algorithm for automated detection of soil-transmitted helminths in the captured images. Methods: A total of 13 iodine-stained stool samples containing Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm eggs and 4 urine samples containing Schistosoma haematobium were digitized using a reference whole slide-scanner and the mobile microscopy scanner. Parasites in the images were identified by visual examination and by analysis with a deep learning-based image analysis algorithm in the stool samples. Results were compared between the digital and visual analysis of the images showing helminth eggs. Results: Parasite identification by visual analysis of digital slides captured with the mobile microscope was feasible for all analyzed parasites. Although the spatial resolution of the reference slide-scanner is higher, the resolution of the mobile microscope is sufficient for reliable identification and classification of all parasites studied. Digital image analysis of stool sample images captured with the mobile microscope showed high sensitivity for detection of all helminths studied (range of sensitivity = 83.3–100%) in the test set (n = 217) of manually labeled helminth eggs. Conclusions: In this proof-of-concept study, the imaging performance of a mobile, digital microscope was sufficient for visual detection of soil-transmitted helminths and Schistosoma haematobium. Furthermore, we show that deep learning-based image analysis can be utilized for the automated detection and classification of helminths in the captured images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Holmström
- a Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Nina Linder
- a Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,b Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH) , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Billy Ngasala
- c Department of Medical Entomology and Parasitology, School of Public Health , Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania
| | - Andreas Mårtensson
- b Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH) , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Ewert Linder
- d Center of Microscopy and Nanotechnology , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Mikael Lundin
- a Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Hannu Moilanen
- d Center of Microscopy and Nanotechnology , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Antti Suutala
- a Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Vinod Diwan
- e Department of Public Health Sciences , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Johan Lundin
- a Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,e Department of Public Health Sciences , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lundin J, Dumont G. Medical mobile technologies - what is needed for a sustainable and scalable implementation on a global scale? Glob Health Action 2018; 10:1344046. [PMID: 28838308 PMCID: PMC5786339 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2017.1344046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current advances within medical technology show great potential from a global health perspective. Inexpensive, effective solutions to common problems within diagnostics, medical procedures and access to medical information are emerging within almost all fields of medicine. The innovations can benefit health care both in resource-limited and in resource-rich settings. However, there is a big gap between the proof-of-concept stage and implementation. This article will give examples of promising solutions, with special focus on mobile image- and sensor-based diagnostics. We also discuss how technology and frugal innovations could be made sustainable and widely available. Finally, a list of critical factors for success is presented, based on both our own experiences and the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Lundin
- a Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland - FIMM , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,b Department of Public Health Sciences , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Guy Dumont
- c Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada.,d Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS) , Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xu H, Yin L, Liu C, Sheng X, Zhao N. Recent Advances in Biointegrated Optoelectronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800156. [PMID: 29806115 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
With recent progress in the design of materials and mechanics, opportunities have arisen to improve optoelectronic devices, circuits, and systems in curved, flexible, stretchable, and biocompatible formats, thereby enabling integration of customized optoelectronic devices and biological systems. Here, the core material technologies of biointegrated optoelectronic platforms are discussed. An overview of the design and fabrication methods to form semiconductor materials and devices in flexible and stretchable formats is presented, strategies incorporating various heterogeneous substrates, interfaces, and encapsulants are discussed, and their applications in biomimetic, wearable, and implantable systems are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ni Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cahill LC, Giacomelli MG, Yoshitake T, Vardeh H, Faulkner-Jones BE, Connolly JL, Sun CK, Fujimoto JG. Rapid virtual hematoxylin and eosin histology of breast tissue specimens using a compact fluorescence nonlinear microscope. J Transl Med 2018; 98:150-160. [PMID: 29131161 PMCID: PMC5752596 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 40% of patients undergoing breast conserving surgery for breast cancer require repeat surgeries due to close to or positive margins. The lengthy processing required for evaluating surgical margins by standard paraffin-embedded histology precludes its use during surgery and therefore, technologies for rapid evaluation of surgical pathology could improve the treatment of breast cancer by reducing the number of surgeries required. We demonstrate real-time histological evaluation of breast cancer surgical specimens by staining specimens with acridine orange (AO) and sulforhodamine 101 (SR101) analogously to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and then imaging the specimens with fluorescence nonlinear microscopy (NLM) using a compact femtosecond fiber laser. A video-rate computational light absorption model was used to produce realistic virtual H&E images of tissue in real time and in three dimensions. NLM imaging could be performed to depths of 100 μm below the tissue surface, which is important since many surgical specimens require subsurface evaluation due to contamination artifacts on the tissue surface from electrocautery, surgical ink, or debris from specimen handling. We validate this method by expert review of NLM images compared to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) H&E histology. Diagnostically important features such as normal terminal ductal lobular units, fibrous and adipose stromal parenchyma, inflammation, invasive carcinoma, and in situ lobular and ductal carcinoma were present in NLM images associated with pathologies identified on standard FFPE H&E histology. We demonstrate that AO and SR101 were extracted to undetectable levels after FFPE processing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) HER2 amplification status was unaffected by the NLM imaging protocol. This method potentially enables cost-effective, real-time histological guidance of surgical resections.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acridine Orange/chemistry
- Breast/cytology
- Breast/immunology
- Breast/pathology
- Breast/surgery
- Breast Carcinoma In Situ/diagnosis
- Breast Carcinoma In Situ/immunology
- Breast Carcinoma In Situ/pathology
- Breast Carcinoma In Situ/surgery
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Lobular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery
- Coloring Agents/chemistry
- Female
- Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
- Humans
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional
- Intraoperative Period
- Margins of Excision
- Mastectomy
- Mastectomy, Segmental
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Nonlinear Optical Microscopy
- Organ Sparing Treatments
- Rhodamines/chemistry
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C. Cahill
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael G. Giacomelli
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tadayuki Yoshitake
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hilde Vardeh
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beverly E. Faulkner-Jones
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James L. Connolly
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - James G. Fujimoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Srinivasan B, O’Dell D, Finkelstein JL, Lee S, Erickson D, Mehta S. ironPhone: Mobile device-coupled point-of-care diagnostics for assessment of iron status by quantification of serum ferritin. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 99:115-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
33
|
Monroy GL, Won J, Spillman DR, Dsouza R, Boppart SA. Clinical translation of handheld optical coherence tomography: practical considerations and recent advancements. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-30. [PMID: 29260539 PMCID: PMC5735247 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.12.121715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Since the inception of optical coherence tomography (OCT), advancements in imaging system design and handheld probes have allowed for numerous advancements in disease diagnostics and characterization of the structural and optical properties of tissue. OCT system developers continue to reduce form factor and cost, while improving imaging performance (speed, resolution, etc.) and flexibility for applicability in a broad range of fields, and nearly every clinical specialty. An extensive array of components to construct customized systems has also become available, with a range of commercial entities that produce high-quality products, from single components to full systems, for clinical and research use. Many advancements in the development of these miniaturized and portable systems can be linked back to a specific challenge in academic research, or a clinical need in medicine or surgery. Handheld OCT systems are discussed and explored for various applications. Handheld systems are discussed in terms of their relative level of portability and form factor, with mention of the supporting technologies and surrounding ecosystem that bolstered their development. Additional insight from our efforts to implement systems in several clinical environments is provided. The trend toward well-designed, efficient, and compact handheld systems paves the way for more widespread adoption of OCT into point-of-care or point-of-procedure applications in both clinical and commercial settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo L. Monroy
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Jungeun Won
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Darold R. Spillman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Roshan Dsouza
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Stephen A. Boppart, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Haney K, Tandon P, Divi R, Ossandon MR, Baker H, Pearlman PC. The Role of Affordable, Point-of-Care Technologies for Cancer Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Review and Commentary. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE-JTEHM 2017; 5:2800514. [PMID: 29204328 PMCID: PMC5706528 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2017.2761764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As the burden of non-communicable diseases such as cancer continues to rise in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), it is essential to identify and invest in promising solutions for cancer control and treatment. Point-of-care technologies (POCTs) have played critical roles in curbing infectious disease epidemics in both high- and low-income settings, and their successes can serve as a model for transforming cancer care in LMICs, where access to traditional clinical resources is often limited. The versatility, cost-effectiveness, and simplicity of POCTs warrant attention for their potential to revolutionize cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment. This paper reviews the landscape of affordable POCTs for cancer care in LMICs with a focus on imaging tools, in vitro diagnostics, and treatment technologies and aspires to encourage innovation and further investment in this space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Haney
- Dell Medical SchoolThe University of Texas at Austin
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Myers DR, Weiss A, Rollins MR, Lam WA. Towards remote assessment and screening of acute abdominal pain using only a smartphone with native accelerometers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12750. [PMID: 28986551 PMCID: PMC5630621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Smartphone-based telehealth holds the promise of shifting healthcare from the clinic to the home, but the inability for clinicians to conduct remote palpation, or touching, a key component of the physical exam, remains a major limitation. This is exemplified in the assessment of acute abdominal pain, in which a physician's palpation determines if a patient's pain is life-threatening requiring emergency intervention/surgery or due to some less-urgent cause. In a step towards virtual physical examinations, we developed and report for the first time a "touch-capable" mHealth technology that enables a patient's own hands to serve as remote surrogates for the physician's in the screening of acute abdominal pain. Leveraging only a smartphone with its native accelerometers, our system guides a patient through an exact probing motion that precisely matches the palpation motion set by the physician. An integrated feedback algorithm, with 95% sensitivity and specificity, enabled 81% of tested patients to match a physician abdominal palpation curve with <20% error after 6 attempts. Overall, this work addresses a key issue in telehealth that will vastly improve its capabilities and adoption worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Myers
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30423, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30423, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Alexander Weiss
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Margo R Rollins
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30423, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30423, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30423, USA. .,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30423, USA. .,Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Russell SM, Doménech-Sánchez A, de la Rica R. Augmented Reality for Real-Time Detection and Interpretation of Colorimetric Signals Generated by Paper-Based Biosensors. ACS Sens 2017; 2:848-853. [PMID: 28723111 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Colorimetric tests are becoming increasingly popular in point-of-need analyses due to the possibility of detecting the signal with the naked eye, which eliminates the utilization of bulky and costly instruments only available in laboratories. However, colorimetric tests may be interpreted incorrectly by nonspecialists due to disparities in color perception or a lack of training. Here we solve this issue with a method that not only detects colorimetric signals but also interprets them so that the test outcome is understandable for anyone. It consists of an augmented reality (AR) app that uses a camera to detect the colored signals generated by a nanoparticle-based immunoassay, and that yields a warning symbol or message when the concentration of analyte is higher than a certain threshold. The proposed method detected the model analyte mouse IgG with a limit of detection of 0.3 μg mL-1, which was comparable to the limit of detection afforded by classical densitometry performed with a nonportable device. When adapted to the detection of E. coli, the app always yielded a "hazard" warning symbol when the concentration of E. coli in the sample was above the infective dose (106 cfu mL-1 or higher). The proposed method could help nonspecialists make a decision about drinking from a potentially contaminated water source by yielding an unambiguous message that is easily understood by anyone. The widespread availability of smartphones along with the inexpensive paper test that requires no enzymes to generate the signal makes the proposed assay promising for analyses in remote locations and developing countries.
Collapse
|
37
|
Fernandes LO, Mota CCBO, de Melo LSA, da Costa Soares MUS, da Silva Feitosa D, Gomes ASL. In vivo assessment of periodontal structures and measurement of gingival sulcus with Optical Coherence Tomography: a pilot study. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:862-869. [PMID: 27503608 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest on the development of clinically acceptable, more sensitive and specific methods for non-invasive diagnosis in Periodontics. In this pilot study, the performance of an Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) system in imaging periodontal structures in humans was evaluated. Gingival sulcus depth measurements were obtained and compared with traditional probes. In total, 445 sites of 23 periodontally healthy individuals were measured by 3 instruments: North Carolina manual probe, Florida automated probe and OCT at 1325 nm. To obtain quantitative measurements from OCT images, the gingival refractive index was also determined. Discomfort/pain perception and the duration of examinations were compared among the instruments. The analysis of OCT images allowed the identification of relevant anatomic dental and periodontal regions. The average sulcus depth measured by OCT, 0.85 ± 0.27 mm and 0.87 ± 0.28 mm, was lower than the values obtained by manual and automated probing. Discomfort/pain were prevalent for traditional probes, which are invasive methods, than for the non-invasive OCT technique. OCT has the potential to be a reliable tool for in vivo periodontal tissues evaluation and for reproducible sulcus depth measurements in healthy sites. Further technological advances are required to reduce the procedure time and promote evaluation of posterior oral regions. Photonic assessment of periodontal tissue with OCT (top) in a clinical environment, showing tooth/gingiva features (bottom).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Osório Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil, 50670-901
| | - Cláudia Cristina Brainer Oliveira Mota
- Faculty of Dentistry, Caruaruense Association of Technical and Higher Education, Caruaru, PE, Brazil, 55016-400
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil, 50670-901
| | | | | | - Daniela da Silva Feitosa
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil, 50670-901
| | - Anderson Stevens Leônidas Gomes
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil, 50670-901
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil, 50670-901
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Amidosulfonic acid-capped silver nanoparticles for the spectrophotometric determination of lamotrigine in exhaled breath condensate. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
39
|
Paterson AS, Raja B, Mandadi V, Townsend B, Lee M, Buell A, Vu B, Brgoch J, Willson RC. A low-cost smartphone-based platform for highly sensitive point-of-care testing with persistent luminescent phosphors. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1051-1059. [PMID: 28154873 PMCID: PMC5476460 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01167e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Through their computational power and connectivity, smartphones are poised to rapidly expand telemedicine and transform healthcare by enabling better personal health monitoring and rapid diagnostics. Recently, a variety of platforms have been developed to enable smartphone-based point-of-care testing using imaging-based readout with the smartphone camera as the detector. Fluorescent reporters have been shown to improve the sensitivity of assays over colorimetric labels, but fluorescence readout necessitates incorporating optical hardware into the detection system, adding to the cost and complexity of the device. Here we present a simple, low-cost smartphone-based detection platform for highly sensitive luminescence imaging readout of point-of-care tests run with persistent luminescent phosphors as reporters. The extremely bright and long-lived emission of persistent phosphors allows sensitive analyte detection with a smartphone by a facile time-gated imaging strategy. Phosphors are first briefly excited with the phone's camera flash, followed by switching off the flash, and subsequent imaging of phosphor luminescence with the camera. Using this approach, we demonstrate detection of human chorionic gonadotropin using a lateral flow assay and the smartphone platform with strontium aluminate nanoparticles as reporters, giving a detection limit of ≈45 pg mL-1 (1.2 pM) in buffer. Time-gated imaging on a smartphone can be readily adapted for sensitive and potentially quantitative testing using other point-of-care formats, and is workable with a variety of persistent luminescent materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Paterson
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, USA. and Luminostics, Inc., Houston, TX, USA
| | - Balakrishnan Raja
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, USA. and Luminostics, Inc., Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vinay Mandadi
- Luminostics, Inc., Houston, TX, USA and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, USA
| | | | | | - Alex Buell
- Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, USA
| | - Binh Vu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, USA.
| | | | - Richard C Willson
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, USA. and Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston, USA and Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Design and fabrication of a passive droplet dispenser for portable high resolution imaging system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41482. [PMID: 28128365 PMCID: PMC5269729 DOI: 10.1038/srep41482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Moldless lens manufacturing techniques using standard droplet dispensing technology often require precise control over pressure to initiate fluid flow and control droplet formation. We have determined a series of interfacial fluid parameters optimised using standard 3D printed tools to extract, dispense and capture a single silicone droplet that is then cured to obtain high quality lenses. The dispensing process relies on the recapitulation of liquid dripping action (Rayleigh-Plateau instability) and the capturing method uses the interplay of gravitational force, capillary forces and liquid pinning to control the droplet shape. The key advantage of the passive lens fabrication approach is rapid scale-up using 3D printing by avoiding complex dispensing tools. We characterise the quality of the lenses fabricated using the passive approach by measuring wavefront aberration and high resolution imaging. The fabricated lenses are then integrated into a portable imaging system; a wearable thimble imaging device with a detachable camera housing, that is constructed for field imaging. This paper provides the full exposition of steps, from lens fabrication to imaging platform, necessary to construct a standalone high resolution imaging system. The simplicity of our methodology can be implemented using a regular desktop 3D printer and commercially available digital imaging systems.
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Light and optical techniques have made profound impacts on modern
medicine, with numerous lasers and optical devices being currently used in
clinical practice to assess health and treat disease. Recent advances in
biomedical optics have enabled increasingly sophisticated technologies —
in particular those that integrate photonics with nanotechnology, biomaterials
and genetic engineering. In this Review, we revisit the fundamentals of
light–matter interactions, describe the applications of light in
imaging, diagnosis, therapy and surgery, overview their clinical use, and
discuss the promise of emerging light-based technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hyun Yun
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115.,Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sheldon J J Kwok
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nayak S, Blumenfeld NR, Laksanasopin T, Sia SK. Point-of-Care Diagnostics: Recent Developments in a Connected Age. Anal Chem 2017; 89:102-123. [PMID: 27958710 PMCID: PMC5793870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Nayak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nicole R. Blumenfeld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Tassaneewan Laksanasopin
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Rd., Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Samuel K. Sia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yi J, Stypula-Cyrus Y, Blaha CS, Roy HK, Backman V. Fractal Characterization of Chromatin Decompaction in Live Cells. Biophys J 2016; 109:2218-26. [PMID: 26636933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin organization has a fundamental impact on the whole spectrum of genomic functions. Quantitative characterization of the chromatin structure, particularly at submicron length scales where chromatin fractal globules are formed, is critical to understanding this structure-function relationship. Such analysis is currently challenging due to the diffraction-limited resolution of conventional light microscopy. We herein present an optical approach termed inverse spectroscopic optical coherence tomography to characterize the mass density fractality of chromatin, and we apply the technique to observe chromatin decompaction in live cells. The technique makes it possible for the first time, to our knowledge, to sense intracellular morphology with length-scale sensitivity from ∼30 to 450 nm, thus primarily probing the higher-order chromatin structure, without resolving the actual structures. We used chromatin decompaction due to inhibition of histone deacytelases and measured the subsequent changes in the fractal dimension of the intracellular structure. The results were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; Boston Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Catherine S Blaha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Hemant K Roy
- Boston Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kim J, Salvatore GA, Araki H, Chiarelli AM, Xie Z, Banks A, Sheng X, Liu Y, Lee JW, Jang KI, Heo SY, Cho K, Luo H, Zimmerman B, Kim J, Yan L, Feng X, Xu S, Fabiani M, Gratton G, Huang Y, Paik U, Rogers JA. Battery-free, stretchable optoelectronic systems for wireless optical characterization of the skin. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600418. [PMID: 27493994 PMCID: PMC4972468 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in materials, mechanics, and electronic device design are rapidly establishing the foundations for health monitoring technologies that have "skin-like" properties, with options in chronic (weeks) integration with the epidermis. The resulting capabilities in physiological sensing greatly exceed those possible with conventional hard electronic systems, such as those found in wrist-mounted wearables, because of the intimate skin interface. However, most examples of such emerging classes of devices require batteries and/or hard-wired connections to enable operation. The work reported here introduces active optoelectronic systems that function without batteries and in an entirely wireless mode, with examples in thin, stretchable platforms designed for multiwavelength optical characterization of the skin. Magnetic inductive coupling and near-field communication (NFC) schemes deliver power to multicolored light-emitting diodes and extract digital data from integrated photodetectors in ways that are compatible with standard NFC-enabled platforms, such as smartphones and tablet computers. Examples in the monitoring of heart rate and temporal dynamics of arterial blood flow, in quantifying tissue oxygenation and ultraviolet dosimetry, and in performing four-color spectroscopic evaluation of the skin demonstrate the versatility of these concepts. The results have potential relevance in both hospital care and at-home diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Giovanni A. Salvatore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Electronics Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. (G.A.S.); (U.P.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Hitoshi Araki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Antonio M. Chiarelli
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zhaoqian Xie
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Anthony Banks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jung Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-In Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Seung Yun Heo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kyoungyeon Cho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hongying Luo
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Benjamin Zimmerman
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joonhee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lingqing Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xue Feng
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Monica Fabiani
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Gabriele Gratton
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ungyu Paik
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (G.A.S.); (U.P.); (J.A.R.)
| | - John A. Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Corresponding author. (G.A.S.); (U.P.); (J.A.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Priye A, Wong S, Bi Y, Carpio M, Chang J, Coen M, Cope D, Harris J, Johnson J, Keller A, Lim R, Lu S, Millard A, Pangelinan A, Patel N, Smith L, Chan K, Ugaz VM. Lab-on-a-Drone: Toward Pinpoint Deployment of Smartphone-Enabled Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics for Mobile Health Care. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4651-60. [PMID: 26898247 PMCID: PMC4857158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a portable biochemical analysis platform for rapid field deployment of nucleic acid-based diagnostics using consumer-class quadcopter drones. This approach exploits the ability to isothermally perform the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a single heater, enabling the system to be operated using standard 5 V USB sources that power mobile devices (via battery, solar, or hand crank action). Time-resolved fluorescence detection and quantification is achieved using a smartphone camera and integrated image analysis app. Standard sample preparation is enabled by leveraging the drone's motors as centrifuges via 3D printed snap-on attachments. These advancements make it possible to build a complete DNA/RNA analysis system at a cost of ∼$50 ($US). Our instrument is rugged and versatile, enabling pinpoint deployment of sophisticated diagnostics to distributed field sites. This capability is demonstrated by successful in-flight replication of Staphylococcus aureus and λ-phage DNA targets in under 20 min. The ability to perform rapid in-flight assays with smartphone connectivity eliminates delays between sample collection and analysis so that test results can be delivered in minutes, suggesting new possibilities for drone-based systems to function in broader and more sophisticated roles beyond cargo transport and imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aashish Priye
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical
Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Season Wong
- AI
Biosciences, Inc., College Station, Texas 77845-5816, United States
| | - Yuanpeng Bi
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical
Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Miguel Carpio
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical
Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Jamison Chang
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical
Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Mauricio Coen
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical
Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Danielle Cope
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical
Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Jacob Harris
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical
Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - James Johnson
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical
Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Alexandra Keller
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical
Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Richard Lim
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical
Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Stanley Lu
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical
Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Alex Millard
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical
Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Adriano Pangelinan
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical
Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Neal Patel
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical
Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Luke Smith
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical
Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Kamfai Chan
- AI
Biosciences, Inc., College Station, Texas 77845-5816, United States
| | - Victor M. Ugaz
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical
Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Choi S. Powering point-of-care diagnostic devices. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:321-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
47
|
Yang F, Gao C, Wang P, Zhang GJ, Chen Z. Fish-on-a-chip: microfluidics for zebrafish research. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1106-25. [PMID: 26923141 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00044d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
High-efficiency zebrafish (embryo) handling platforms are crucially needed to facilitate the deciphering of the increasingly expanding vertebrate-organism model values. However, the manipulation platforms for zebrafish are scarce and rely mainly on the conventional "static" microtiter plates or glass slides with rigid gel, which limits the dynamic, three-dimensional (3D), tissue/organ-oriented information acquisition from the intact larva with normal developmental dynamics. In addition, these routine platforms are not amenable to high-throughput handling of such swimming multicellular biological entities at the single-organism level and incapable of precisely controlling the growth microenvironment by delivering stimuli in a well-defined spatiotemporal fashion. Recently, microfluidics has been developed to address these technical challenges via tailor-engineered microscale structures or structured arrays, which integrate with or interface to functional components (e.g. imaging systems), allowing quantitative readouts of small objects (zebrafish larvae and embryos) under normal physiological conditions. Here, we critically review the recent progress on zebrafish manipulation, imaging and phenotype readouts of external stimuli using these microfluidic tools and discuss the challenges that confront these promising "fish-on-a-chip" technologies. We also provide an outlook on future potential trends in this field by combining with bionanoprobes and biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Chuan Gao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Zuanguang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Holmen S, Galappaththi-Arachchige HN, Kleppa E, Pillay P, Naicker T, Taylor M, Onsrud M, Kjetland EF, Albregtsen F. Characteristics of Blood Vessels in Female Genital Schistosomiasis: Paving the Way for Objective Diagnostics at the Point of Care. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004628. [PMID: 27073857 PMCID: PMC4830560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mucosal changes associated with female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) encompass abnormal blood vessels. These have been described as circular, reticular, branched, convoluted and having uneven calibre. However, these characteristics are subjective descriptions and it has not been explored which of them are specific to FGS. METHODS In colposcopic images of young women from a schistosomiasis endemic area, we performed computerised morphologic analyses of the cervical vasculature appearing on the mucosal surface. Study participants where the cervix was classified as normal served as negative controls, women with clinically diagnosed FGS and presence of typical abnormal blood vessels visible on the cervical surface served as positive cases. We also included women with cervical inflammatory conditions for reasons other than schistosomiasis. By automating morphological analyses, we explored circular configurations, vascular density, fractal dimensions and fractal lacunarity as parameters of interest. RESULTS We found that the blood vessels typical of FGS are characterised by the presence of circular configurations (p < 0.001), increased vascular density (p = 0.015) and increased local connected fractal dimensions (p = 0.071). Using these features, we were able to correctly classify 78% of the FGS-positive cases with an accuracy of 80%. CONCLUSIONS The blood vessels typical of FGS have circular configurations, increased vascular density and increased local connected fractal dimensions. These specific morphological features could be used diagnostically. Combined with colourimetric analyses, this represents a step towards making a diagnostic tool for FGS based on computerised image analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigve Holmen
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases Ullevaal, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hashini Nilushika Galappaththi-Arachchige
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases Ullevaal, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Kleppa
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases Ullevaal, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pavitra Pillay
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Myra Taylor
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mathias Onsrud
- Department of Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eyrun Floerecke Kjetland
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases Ullevaal, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Fritz Albregtsen
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
A forum for global population health, technological advances and implementation science. Glob Health Epidemiol Genom 2016; 1:e1. [PMID: 29868196 PMCID: PMC5870244 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2015.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
50
|
Abstract
The surge in computing power and mobile connectivity have fashioned a foundation for mobile health (mHealth) technologies that can transform the mode and quality of clinical research and health care on a global scale. Unimpeded by geographical boundaries, smartphone-linked wearable sensors, point-of-need diagnostic devices, and medical-grade imaging, all built around real-time data streams and supported by automated clinical decision-support tools, will enable care and enhance our understanding of physiological variability. However, the path to mHealth incorporation into clinical care is fraught with challenges. We currently lack high-quality evidence that supports the adoption of many new technologies and have financial, regulatory, and security hurdles to overcome. Fortunately, sweeping efforts are under way to establish the true capabilities and value of the evolving mHealth field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Evan D Muse
- Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eric J Topol
- Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|