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Wang Z, Mo C, Awad K, Bonewald L, Brotto M. Mass Spectrometry Approaches for Detection and Determination of Prostaglandins from Biological Samples. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2625:299-311. [PMID: 36653652 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2966-6_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Accurate determination of prostaglandins (PGs) from biological samples is critical for understanding their biological functions and interactions during physiological and pathological processes. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a highly sensitive, accurate, and high-throughput approach for simultaneous detection of ultra-trace PGs from a single biological sample. Here we describe LC-MS/MS techniques and related sample pretreatment methods including both off-line and on-line SPE for the determination of PGs in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Wang
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Chenglin Mo
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Kamal Awad
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Lynda Bonewald
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University Medical School, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
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2
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Kountz TS, Jairaman A, Kountz CD, Stauderman KA, Schleimer RP, Prakriya M. Differential Regulation of ATP- and UTP-Evoked Prostaglandin E 2 and IL-6 Production from Human Airway Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:1275-1287. [PMID: 34389624 PMCID: PMC8816324 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The airway epithelial cells (AECs) lining the conducting passageways of the lung secrete a variety of immunomodulatory factors. Among these, PGE2 limits lung inflammation and promotes bronchodilation. By contrast, IL-6 drives intense airway inflammation, remodeling, and fibrosis. The signaling that differentiates the production of these opposing mediators is not understood. In this study, we find that the production of PGE2 and IL-6 following stimulation of human AECs by the damage-associated molecular pattern extracellular ATP shares a common requirement for Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. ATP-mediated synthesis of PGE2 required activation of metabotropic P2Y2 receptors and CRAC channel-mediated cytosolic phospholipase A2 signaling. By contrast, ATP-evoked synthesis of IL-6 occurred via activation of ionotropic P2X receptors and CRAC channel-mediated calcineurin/NFAT signaling. In contrast to ATP, which elicited the production of both PGE2 and IL-6, the uridine nucleotide, UTP, stimulated PGE2 but not IL-6 production. These results reveal that human AECs employ unique receptor-specific signaling mechanisms with CRAC channels as a signaling nexus to regulate release of opposing immunomodulatory mediators. Collectively, our results identify P2Y2 receptors, CRAC channels, and P2X receptors as potential intervention targets for airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Kountz
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Amit Jairaman
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Candace D Kountz
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL;
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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3
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Plaza J, Torres R, Urbano A, Picado C, de Mora F. In Vitro and In Vivo Validation of EP2-Receptor Agonism to Selectively Achieve Inhibition of Mast Cell Activity. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020; 12:712-728. [PMID: 32400135 PMCID: PMC7225001 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.4.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Agonism of the prostaglandin E2 receptor, E-prostanoid receptor 2 (EP2), may represent an alternative protective mechanism in mast cell (MC)-mediated diseases. Previous studies have suggested that activation of the MC EP2 receptor prevents pathological changes in the murine models of allergic asthma. This work aimed to analytically validate the EP2 receptor on MCs as a therapeutic target. Methods Murine MC lines and primary cultures, and MCs bearing the human immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor were subjected to IgE-mediated activation subsequent to incubation with selective EP2 agonists. Two molecularly unrelated agonists, butaprost and CP-533536, were tested either in vitro or in 2 in vivo models of allergy. Results The diverse range of MC populations was consistently inhibited through selective EP2 agonism in spite of exhibiting a heterogeneous phenotype. Such inhibition occurred in both mouse and human IgE (hIgE)-mediated activation. The use of molecularly unrelated selective EP2 agonists allowed for the confirmation of the specificity of this protective mechanism. This effect was further demonstrated in 2 in vivo murine models of allergy where MCs are a key to pathological changes: cutaneous anaphylaxis in a transgenic mouse model expressing the hIgE receptor and aeroallergen-induced murine model of asthma. Conclusions Selective EP2 agonism is a powerful pharmacological strategy to prevent MCs from being activated through IgE-mediated mechanisms and from causing deleterious effects. The MC EP2 receptor may be an effective pharmacological target in allergic and other MC-mediated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Plaza
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Torres
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián Urbano
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - César Picado
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Allergy, Hospital Clínic i Universitari de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando de Mora
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Durchschein F, Eherer A, Grill M, Sturm EM, Pommer V, Langner C, Högenauer C, Schicho R. Involvement of EP2 and EP4 Receptors in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Pilot Study. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:2806-2814. [PMID: 30989466 PMCID: PMC6744386 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prostaglandin D2 receptor DP2 has been implicated in eosinophil infiltration and the development of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). AIMS AND METHODS In this study, we investigated an involvement of PGE2 (EP1-EP4) and PGD2 (DP1) receptors in EoE by measuring their expression in peripheral blood eosinophils and esophageal mucosal biopsies of EoE patients and by performing migration and adhesion assays with eosinophils from healthy donors. RESULTS Expression of EP2 and EP4, but not EP1 and EP3, was decreased in blood eosinophils of patients with EoE vs. control subjects. Adhesion of eosinophils to esophageal epithelial cells was decreased by EP2 receptor agonist butaprost and EP4 agonist ONO-AE1-329, whereas DP1 agonist BW245C increased adhesion. In chemotaxis assays with supernatant from human esophageal epithelial cells, only ONO-AE1-329 but not butaprost or BW245C inhibited the migration of eosinophils. Expression of EP and DP receptors in epithelial cells and eosinophils was detected in sections of esophageal biopsies from EoE patients by immunohistochemistry. qPCR of biopsies from EoE patients revealed that gene expression of EP4 and DP1 was the highest among PGE2 and PGD2 receptors. Esophageal epithelial cells in culture showed high gene expression for EP2 and EP4. Activation of EP2 and EP4 receptors decreased barrier integrity of esophageal epithelial cells in impedance assays. CONCLUSIONS Activation of EP2 and EP4 receptors may inhibit eosinophil recruitment to the esophageal mucosa. However, their activation could negatively affect esophageal barrier integrity suggesting that eosinophilic rather than epithelial EP2 and EP4 have a protective role in EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Durchschein
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Eherer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Magdalena Grill
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Divison of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva M. Sturm
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Divison of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Veronika Pommer
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Divison of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Cord Langner
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Högenauer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria ,BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Schicho
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Divison of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria ,BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
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5
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Koshak AE, Yousif NM, Fiebich BL, Koshak EA, Heinrich M. Comparative Immunomodulatory Activity of Nigella sativa L. Preparations on Proinflammatory Mediators: A Focus on Asthma. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1075. [PMID: 30333747 PMCID: PMC6176110 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: A range of traditional and commercial preparations of NS is frequently used in the treatment of several inflammatory diseases. Often, these preparations have poor preclinical characterization that may lead to variable pharmacological effects. Objective: To assess the in vitro effects of different chemically defined preparations of NS on some asthma-related mediators of inflammation. Methods: Different NS preparations were obtained by either seed extraction with a spectrum of solvents ranging from lipophilic to hydrophilic, or commercial products were collected. The TQ concentration of NS was analyzed by HPLC. Immunomodulatory activity was assessed by the release of mediators (IL-2, IL-6, PGE2) in primary human T-lymphocytes, monocytes, and A549 human lung epithelial cells. Results: Ten distinct NS preparations showed variability in TQ concentration, being highest in the oily preparations extract-7 (2.4% w/w), followed by extract-10 (0.7%w/w). Similarly, the release of mediators was varied, being greatest in extract-7 and 10 via significantly (<0.05) suppressing IL-2, IL-6, and PGE2 in T-lymphocytes as well as IL-6 and PGE2 in monocytes. Also, PGE2 release in A549 cells was significantly enhanced by both extracts. Conclusion: The TQ concentration and in vitro activity were variable among the different NS preparations. TQ-rich oily NS preparations produced potent favorable immunomodulation in asthma inflammation and can be used in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman E. Koshak
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Research Group Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nizar M. Yousif
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Emad A. Koshak
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Research Group Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
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Serra-Pages M, Torres R, Plaza J, Herrerias A, Costa-Farré C, Marco A, Jiménez M, Maurer M, Picado C, de Mora F. Activation of the Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 prevents house dust mite-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation by restraining mast cells' activity. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1590-600. [PMID: 25823713 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) has been proposed to exert antiasthmatic effects in patients, to prevent antigen-induced airway pathology in murine models, and to inhibit mast cells (MC) activity in vitro. OBJECTIVE To assess in a murine model whether the protective effect of PGE2 may be a consequence of its ability to activate the E-prostanoid (EP)2 receptor on airway MC. METHODS Either BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice were exposed intranasally (i.n.) to house dust mite (HDM) aeroallergens. Both strains were given PGE2 locally (0.3 mg/kg), but only BALB/c mice were administered butaprost (EP2 agonist: 0.3 mg/kg), or AH6809 (EP2 antagonist; 2.5 mg/kg) combined with the MC stabilizer sodium cromoglycate (SCG: 25 mg/kg). Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation, along with lung MC activity, were evaluated. In addition, butaprost's effect was assessed in MC-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in mice challenged with 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). RESULTS Selective EP2 agonism attenuated aeroallergen-caused AHR and inflammation in HDM-exposed BALB/c mice, and this correlated with a reduced lung MC activity. Accordingly, the blockade of endogenous PGE2 by means of AH6809 worsened airway responsiveness in sensitive BALB/c mice, and such worsening was reversed by SCG. The relevance of MC to PGE2 -EP2 driven protection was further highlighted in MC-dependent PCA, where butaprost fully prevented MC-induced ear swelling. Unlike in BALB/c mice, PGE2 did not protect the airways of HDM-sensitized C57BL/6 animals, a strain in which we showed MC to be irrelevant to aeroallergen-driven AHR and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE The beneficial effect of both exogenous and endogenous PGE2 in aeroallergen-sensitized mice may be attributable to the activation of the EP2 receptor, which in turn acts as a restrainer of airway MC activity. This opens a path towards the identification of therapeutic targets against asthma along the 'EP2 -MC-airway' axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Serra-Pages
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Torres
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Plaza
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Herrerias
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Costa-Farré
- Department of Surgery and Animals Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Marco
- Department of Surgery and Animals Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Jiménez
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas
| | - M Maurer
- Department of Dermatology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Picado
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Allergy, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F de Mora
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Draijer C, Boorsma CE, Reker-Smit C, Post E, Poelstra K, Melgert BN. PGE2-treated macrophages inhibit development of allergic lung inflammation in mice. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:95-102. [PMID: 26931576 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3mab1115-505r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In healthy lungs, many macrophages are characterized by IL-10 production, and few are characterized by expression of IFN regulatory factor 5 (formerly M1) or YM1 and/or CD206 (formerly M2), whereas in asthma, this balance shifts toward few producing IL-10 and many expressing IFN regulatory factor 5 or YM1/CD206. In this study, we tested whether redressing the balance by reinstating IL-10 production could prevent house dust mite-induced allergic lung inflammation. PGE2 was found to be the best inducer of IL-10 in macrophages in vitro. Mice were then sensitized and challenged to house dust mites during a 2 wk protocol while treated with PGE2 in different ways. Lung inflammation was assessed 3 d after the last house dust mite challenge. House dust mite-exposed mice treated with free PGE2 had fewer infiltrating eosinophils in lungs and lower YM1 serum levels than vehicle-treated mice. Macrophage-specific delivery of PGE2 did not affect lung inflammation. Adoptive transfer of PGE2-treated macrophages led to fewer infiltrating eosinophils, macrophages, (activated) CD4(+), and regulatory T lymphocytes in lungs. Our study shows that the redirection of macrophage polarization by using PGE2 inhibits development of allergic lung inflammation. This beneficial effect of macrophage repolarization is a novel avenue to explore for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Draijer
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carian E Boorsma
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina Reker-Smit
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands and
| | - Eduard Post
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands and
| | - Klaas Poelstra
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands and
| | - Barbro N Melgert
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Brant KA, Fabisiak JP. Role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1, α subunit and cAMP-response element binding protein 1 in synergistic release of interleukin 8 by prostaglandin E2 and nickel in lung fibroblasts. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:105-13. [PMID: 23526216 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0297oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have linked exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution with acute respiratory infection and chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. We have previously shown that soluble nickel (Ni), a common component of PM, alters the release of CXC chemokines from cultured human lung fibroblasts (HLF) in response to microbial stimuli via a pathway dependent on disrupted prostaglandin (PG)E2 signaling. The current study sought to identify the molecular events underlying Ni-induced alterations in PGE2 signaling and its effects on IL-8 production. PGE2 synergistically enhances Ni-induced IL-8 release from HLF in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects of PGE2 were mimicked by butaprost and PGE1-alcohol and inhibited with antagonists AH6809 and L-161,982, indicating PGE2 signals via PGE2 receptors 2 and 4. PGE2 and forskolin stimulated cAMP, but it was only in the presence of Ni-induced hypoxia-inducible factor 1, α subunit (HIF1A) that these agents stimulated IL-8 release. The Ni-induced HIF1A DNA binding was enhanced by PGE2 and mediated, in part, by activation of p38 MAPK. Negation of cAMP-response element binding protein 1 or HIF1A using short interfering RNA blocked the synergistic interactions between Ni and PGE2. The results of the current study provide novel information on the ability of atmospheric hypoxia-mimetic metals to disrupt the release of immune-modulating chemokines by HLF in response to PGE2. Moreover, in the presence of HIF1A, cAMP-mediated signaling pathways may be altered to exacerbate inflammatory-like processes in lung tissue, imparting a susceptibility of PM-exposed populations to adverse respiratory health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Brant
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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Pniewska E, Pawliczak R. The involvement of phospholipases A2 in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:793505. [PMID: 24089590 PMCID: PMC3780701 DOI: 10.1155/2013/793505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased morbidity, mortality, and ineffective treatment associated with the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have generated much research interest. The key role is played by phospholipases from the A2 superfamily: enzymes which are involved in inflammation through participation in pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators production and have an impact on many immunocompetent cells. The 30 members of the A2 superfamily are divided into 7 groups. Their role in asthma and COPD has been studied in vitro and in vivo (animal models, cell cultures, and patients). This paper contains complete and updated information about the involvement of particular enzymes in the etiology and course of asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pniewska
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego Street, Building 2, Room 122, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafal Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego Street, Building 2, Room 122, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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Zhou J, Alvarez-Elizondo MB, Botvinick E, George SC. Adenosine A(1) and prostaglandin E receptor 3 receptors mediate global airway contraction after local epithelial injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 48:299-305. [PMID: 23221044 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0174oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial injury and airway hyperresponsiveness are prominent features of asthma. We have previously demonstrated that laser ablation of single epithelial cells immediately induces global airway constriction through Ca(2+)-dependent smooth muscle shortening. The response is mediated by soluble mediators released from wounded single epithelial cells; however, the soluble mediators and signaling mechanisms have not been identified. In this study, we investigated the nature of the epithelial-derived soluble mediators and the associated signaling pathways that lead to the L-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel (VGCC)-mediated Ca(2+) influx. We found that inhibition of adenosine A1 receptors (or removal of adenosine with adenosine deaminase), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 or prostaglandin E receptor 3 (EP3) receptors, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), or platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) all significantly blocked Ca(2+) oscillations in smooth muscle cells and airway contraction induced by local epithelial injury. Using selective agonists to activate the receptors in the presence and absence of selective receptor antagonists, we found that adenosine activated the signaling pathway A1R→EGFR/PDGFR→COX-2→EP3→VGCCs→calcium-induced calcium release, leading to intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations in airway smooth muscle cells and airway constriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2420 Engineering Hall, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA
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11
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Serra-Pages M, Olivera A, Torres R, Picado C, de Mora F, Rivera J. E-prostanoid 2 receptors dampen mast cell degranulation via cAMP/PKA-mediated suppression of IgE-dependent signaling. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 92:1155-65. [PMID: 22859831 PMCID: PMC3501892 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0212109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The experimental administration of PGE(2) for the treatment of asthma dampens clinical symptoms, and similar efficacy has been found in dust mite-induced hypersensitivity reactions in animal models. Here, we investigate the mechanism by which PGE(2) mediates suppression of MC degranulation. We find that the effect of PGE(2) on FcεRI-dependent MC degranulation varies from activating to suppressing, depending on the relative ratio of EP(2) to EP(3) expression on these cells with suppression evident only in cells having increased EP(2) to EP(3) expression. Consistent with a role for EP(2) in suppressing MC responses in vitro, we found that a selective EP(2) agonist, Butaprost, inhibited MC-mediated FcεRI-induced immediate hypersensitivity in a model of PCA. EP(2) engagement on MCs increased cAMP production and inhibited FcεRI-mediated calcium influx. In addition, it also decreased the extent of FcεRI-induced Fyn kinase activity, leading to decreased phosphorylation of key signaling molecules such as Gab2 and Akt. Treatment with an antagonist of cAMP or shRNA down-regulation of PKA (the principal intracellular target of cAMP) reversed the EP(2)-mediated inhibitory effect on MC degranulation and restored calcium influx and phosphorylation of Akt. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that EP(2) suppresses the Fyn-mediated signals that are central to FcεRI-dependent MC degranulation, suggesting that engagement of the EP(2) on MCs may be beneficial in dampening allergic responses.
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MESH Headings
- Alprostadil/analogs & derivatives
- Alprostadil/pharmacology
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Degranulation/drug effects
- Cell Degranulation/genetics
- Cell Degranulation/immunology
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Silencing
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Immunoglobulin E/metabolism
- Mast Cells/drug effects
- Mast Cells/immunology
- Mast Cells/metabolism
- Mice
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fyn/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Serra-Pages
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenetics, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Ana Olivera
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenetics, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rosa Torres
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Allergy, Hospital Clínic i Universitari de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - César Picado
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Allergy, Hospital Clínic i Universitari de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando de Mora
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Juan Rivera
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenetics, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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12
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Abstract
The airway epithelial cell is the initial cell type impacted both by inhaled environmental factors, such as pathogens, allergens, and pollutants, and inhaled medications for airway diseases. As such, epithelial cells are now recognized to play a central role in the regulation of airway inflammatory status, structure, and function in normal and diseased airways. This article reviews our current knowledge regarding the roles of the epithelial cell in airway inflammation and host defense. The interactions of inhaled environmental factors and pathogens with epithelial cells are also discussed, with an emphasis on epithelial innate immune responses and contributions of epithelial cells to immune regulation. Recent evidence suggesting that epithelial cells play an active role in inducing several of the structural changes, collectively referred to airway remodeling, seen in the airways of asthmatic subjects is reviewed. Finally, the concept that the epithelium is a major target for the actions of a number of classes of inhaled medications is discussed, as are the potential mechanisms by which selected drugs may alter epithelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Proud
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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13
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Lundström SL, Levänen B, Nording M, Klepczynska-Nyström A, Sköld M, Haeggström JZ, Grunewald J, Svartengren M, Hammock BD, Larsson BM, Eklund A, Wheelock ÅM, Wheelock CE. Asthmatics exhibit altered oxylipin profiles compared to healthy individuals after subway air exposure. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23864. [PMID: 21897859 PMCID: PMC3163588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and oxidants are important factors in causing exacerbations in asthmatics, and the source and composition of pollutants greatly affects pathological implications. OBJECTIVES This randomized crossover study investigated responses of the respiratory system to Stockholm subway air in asthmatics and healthy individuals. Eicosanoids and other oxylipins were quantified in the distal lung to provide a measure of shifts in lipid mediators in association with exposure to subway air relative to ambient air. METHODS Sixty-four oxylipins representing the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolic pathways were screened using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)-fluid. Validations through immunocytochemistry staining of BAL-cells were performed for 15-LOX-1, COX-1, COX-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Multivariate statistics were employed to interrogate acquired oxylipin and immunocytochemistry data in combination with patient clinical information. RESULTS Asthmatics and healthy individuals exhibited divergent oxylipin profiles following exposure to ambient and subway air. Significant changes were observed in 8 metabolites of linoleic- and α-linolenic acid synthesized via the 15-LOX pathway, and of the COX product prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). Oxylipin levels were increased in healthy individuals following exposure to subway air, whereas asthmatics evidenced decreases or no change. CONCLUSIONS Several of the altered oxylipins have known or suspected bronchoprotective or anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting a possible reduced anti-inflammatory response in asthmatics following exposure to subway air. These observations may have ramifications for sensitive subpopulations in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna L. Lundström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bettina Levänen
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Nording
- Department of Entomology and Cancer Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Klepczynska-Nyström
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Sköld
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Z. Haeggström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Svartengren
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Cancer Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Britt-Marie Larsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Eklund
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa M. Wheelock
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (CEW); (AMW)
| | - Craig E. Wheelock
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (CEW); (AMW)
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14
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Kuehn HS, Jung MY, Beaven MA, Metcalfe DD, Gilfillan AM. Distinct PGE2-responder and non-responder phenotypes in human mast cell populations: "all or nothing" enhancement of antigen-dependent mediator release. Immunol Lett 2011; 141:45-54. [PMID: 21798286 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Reports indicate that prostaglandin (PG)E(2) markedly enhances antigen-mediated degranulation in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) but not in human mast cells (HuMCs). We have examined the underlying mechanism(s) for this disparity in HuMCs derived from the peripheral blood of multiple donors in addition to mouse BMMCs. HuMCs from half of these donors failed to respond to PGE(2) and the PGE(2) EP3 receptor agonist, sulprostone. However, HuMCs from the remaining donors and the LAD2 human MC line responded to PGE(2) and sulprostone with marked enhancement of antigen-mediated degranulation and IL-8 production in a similar manner to that observed in mouse BMMCs. The EP2 agonist, butaprost, failed to modulate antigen-mediated responses in any type of MCs. These distinct phenotypes could not be explained by differences in EP2 or EP3 expression nor by differences in the ability of PGE(2) to elevate levels of cAMP, a signal recognized to down-regulate mast cell activation. Moreover, both responder and non-responder HuMC populations exhibited similar activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and MAP kinases. However, translocation of PLCγ(1) to the cell membrane and the associated calcium signal were enhanced only in the responder HuMC population indicating that the link between EP3 and PLCγ is impaired in the non-responder HuMCs. CONCLUSIONS These data provide a cautionary note for the translating of observations in the mouse to human mast cell-dependent disorders, but may also provide a basis for examining the effects of co-activating receptors in patients susceptible to allergic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Kuehn
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA
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15
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Kuehn HS, Jung MY, Beaven MA, Metcalfe DD, Gilfillan AM. Prostaglandin E2 activates and utilizes mTORC2 as a central signaling locus for the regulation of mast cell chemotaxis and mediator release. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:391-402. [PMID: 20980255 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.164772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) E(2), a potent mediator produced in inflamed tissues, can substantially influence mast cell responses including adhesion to basement membrane proteins, chemotaxis, and chemokine production. However, the signaling pathways by which PGE(2) induces mast cell chemotaxis and chemokine production remains undefined. In this study, we identified the downstream target of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), as a key regulator of these responses. In mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells, PGE(2) was found to induce activation of mTORC1 (mTOR complexed to raptor) as indicated by increased p70S6K and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation, and activation of mTORC2 (mTOR complexed to rictor), as indicated by increased phosphorylation of AKT at position Ser(473). Selective inhibition of the mTORC1 cascade by rapamycin or by the use of raptor-targeted shRNA failed to decrease PGE(2)-mediated chemotaxis or chemokine generation. However, inhibition of the mTORC2 cascade through the dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor Torin, or through rictor-targeted shRNA, resulted in a significant attenuation in PGE(2)-mediated chemotaxis, which was associated with a comparable decrease in actin polymerization. Furthermore, mTORC2 down-regulation decreased PGE(2)-induced production of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2), which was linked to a significant reduction in ROS production. These findings are consistent with the conclusion that activation of mTORC2, downstream of PI3K, represents a critical signaling locus for chemotaxis and chemokine release from PGE(2)-activated mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Kuehn
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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16
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Yin H, Liu W, Goleniewska K, Porter NA, Morrow JD, Peebles RS. Dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acid-containing fish oil suppresses F2-isoprostanes but enhances inflammatory cytokine response in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced allergic lung inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:622-8. [PMID: 19501157 PMCID: PMC2716436 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical evidence has suggested that increased dietary intake of fish oil containing omega-3 fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may be associated with a reduced risk of asthma. However, interventional studies on these effects have been equivocal and controversial. Free radical oxidation products of lipids and cyclooxygenases-derived prostaglandins are believed to play an important role in asthma, and fish oil supplementation may modulate the levels of these critical lipid mediators. We employed a murine model of allergic inflammation produced by sensitization to ovalbumin (OVA) to study the effects of fish oil supplementation on airway inflammation. Our studies demonstrated that omega-3 fatty acids were dose dependently incorporated into mouse lung tissue after dietary supplementation. We examined the oxidative stress status by measuring the levels of isoprostanes (IsoPs), the gold standard for oxidative stress in vivo. OVA challenge caused significant increase of F(2)-IsoPs in mouse lung, suggesting an elevated level of oxidative stress. Compared to the control group, fish oil supplementation led to a significant reduction of F(2)-IsoP (from arachidonic acid) with a concomitant increase of F(3)-IsoPs (from EPA) and F(4)-IsoPs (from DHA). Surprisingly, however, fish oil supplementation enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokine IL-5 and IL-13. Furthermore, fish oil supplementation suppressed the production of pulmonary protective PGE(2) in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) while the level of urinary metabolites of the PGE(2) was increased. Our data suggest that augmented lung inflammation after fish oil supplementation may be due to the reduction of PGE(2) production in the lung and these dichotomous results bring into question the role of fish oil supplementation in the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Yin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Tissue-engineered endothelial and epithelial implants differentially and synergistically regulate airway repair. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:7046-51. [PMID: 18458330 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0802463105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The trilaminate vascular architecture provides biochemical regulation and mechanical integrity. Yet regulatory control can be regained after injury without recapitulating tertiary structure. Tissue-engineered (TE) endothelium controls repair even when placed in the perivascular space of injured vessels. It remains unclear from vascular repair studies whether endothelial implants recapitulate the vascular epithelial lining or expose injured tissues to endothelial cells (ECs) with unique healing potential because ECs line the vascular epithelium and the vasa vasorum. We examined this issue in a nonvascular tubular system, asking whether airway repair is controlled by bronchial epithelial cells (EPs) or by ECs of the perfusing bronchial vasculature. Localized bronchial denuding injury damaged epithelium, narrowed bronchial lumen, and led to mesenchymal cell hyperplasia, hypervascularity, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Peribronchial TE constructs embedded with EPs or ECs limited airway injury, although optimum repair was obtained when both cells were present in TE matrices. EC and EP expression of PGE(2), TGFbeta1, TGFbeta2, GM-CSF, IL-8, MCP-1, and soluble VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 was altered by matrix embedding, but expression was altered most significantly when both cells were present simultaneously. EPs may provide for functional control of organ injury and fibrous response, and ECs may provide for preservation of tissue perfusion and the epithelium in particular. Together the two cells optimize functional restoration and healing, suggesting that multiple cells of a tissue contribute to the differentiated biochemical function and repair of a tissue, but need not assume a fixed, ordered architectural relationship, as in intact tissues, to achieve these effects.
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18
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Kuehn HS, Beaven MA, Ma HT, Kim MS, Metcalfe DD, Gilfillan AM. Synergistic activation of phospholipases Cgamma and Cbeta: a novel mechanism for PI3K-independent enhancement of FcepsilonRI-induced mast cell mediator release. Cell Signal 2008; 20:625-36. [PMID: 18207701 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Antigen/IgE-mediated mast cell activation via FcvarepsilonRI can be markedly enhanced by the activation of other receptors expressed on mast cells and these receptors may thus contribute to the allergic response in vivo. One such receptor family is the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Although the signaling cascade linking FcvarepsilonRI aggregation to mast cell activation has been extensively investigated, the mechanisms by which GPCRs amplify this response are relatively unknown. To investigate this, we utilized prostaglandin (PG)E2 based on initial studies demonstrating its greater ability to augment antigen-mediated degranulation in mouse mast cells than other GPCR agonists examined. This enhancement, and the ability of PGE2 to amplify antigen-induced calcium mobilization, was independent of phosphoinositide 3-kinase but was linked to a pertussis toxin-sensitive synergistic translocation to the membrane of phospholipase (PL)Cgamma and PLCbeta and to an enhancement of PLCgamma phosphorylation. This "trans-synergistic" activation of PLCbeta and gamma, in turn, enhanced production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, store-operated calcium entry, and activation of protein kinase C (PKC) (alpha and beta). These responses were critical for the promotion of degranulation. This is the first report of synergistic activation between PLCgamma and PLCbeta that permits reinforcement of signals for degranulation in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Kuehn
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC 1881, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA
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19
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Park HW, Shin ES, Lee JE, Kim SH, Kim SS, Chang YS, Kim YK, Min KU, Kim YY, Cho SH. Association between genetic variations in prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype EP3 gene (Ptger3) and asthma in the Korean population. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:1609-15. [PMID: 17877755 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent investigations suggest that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is important in the pathogenesis of not only aspirin-intolerant asthma but also asthma unrelated to aspirin intolerance. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of variations in the gene coding PGE2 receptor subtype EP1-4 (Ptger1-4) on the risk of asthma in the Korean population. METHODS Nineteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected after re-sequencing Ptger1-4 and were genotyped in 480 asthmatics and 140 healthy controls, who were randomly recruited. RESULTS By logistic regression analyses controlling for age and sex, 1388T>C in Ptger3 was found to be significantly associated with asthma [P=0.002, odds ratio (95% confidence interval)=0.63 (0.46-0.85) in the allele model], and this remained significant after applying the Bonferroni correction. In terms of haplotype, the frequency of the C-C-A-A haplotype in Ptger3 was significantly lower in asthmatics than in healthy controls (P=0.004). Moreover, the prevalence of this haplotype was significantly lower in moderate-to-severe asthmatics than in mild asthmatics (P=0.045; mild vs. moderate and P=0.034; mild vs. severe). However, no association was found between any genetic variation in Ptger1, Ptger2, or Ptger4 and asthma. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that genetic variations in Ptger3 are significantly associated with the risk and severity of asthma in the Korean population.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Asthma/genetics
- Female
- Gene Frequency
- Genotype
- Haplotypes
- Humans
- Korea
- Linkage Disequilibrium
- Logistic Models
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Odds Ratio
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype
- Sex Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- H-W Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Hammad H, Kool M, Soullié T, Narumiya S, Trottein F, Hoogsteden HC, Lambrecht BN. Activation of the D prostanoid 1 receptor suppresses asthma by modulation of lung dendritic cell function and induction of regulatory T cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 204:357-67. [PMID: 17283205 PMCID: PMC2118726 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20061196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) can enhance or suppress inflammation by acting on different receptors expressed by hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. Prostaglandin D2 binds to the D prostanoid (DP)1 and DP2 receptor and is seen as a critical mediator of asthma causing vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, and inflammatory cell influx. Here we show that inhalation of a selective DP1 agonist suppresses the cardinal features of asthma by targeting the function of lung dendritic cells (DCs). In mice treated with DP1 agonist or receiving DP1 agonist-treated DCs, there was an increase in Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells that suppressed inflammation in an interleukin 10–dependent way. These effects of DP1 agonist on DCs were mediated by cyclic AMP–dependent protein kinase A. We furthermore show that activation of DP1 by an endogenous ligand inhibits airway inflammation as chimeric mice with selective hematopoietic loss of DP1 had strongly enhanced airway inflammation and antigen-pulsed DCs lacking DP1 were better at inducing airway T helper 2 responses in the lung. Triggering DP1 on DCs is an important mechanism to induce regulatory T cells and to control the extent of airway inflammation. This pathway could be exploited to design novel treatments for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamida Hammad
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
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