1
|
Sapula SA, Hart BJ, Siderius NL, Amsalu A, Blaikie JM, Venter H. Multidrug-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in residential aged care facilities: An emerging threat. Microbiologyopen 2024; 13:e1409. [PMID: 38682784 PMCID: PMC11057060 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant (MDR), Gram-negative bacterium intrinsically resistant to beta-lactams, including last-resort carbapenems. As an opportunistic pathogen, it can cause serious healthcare-related infections. This study assesses the prevalence, resistance profiles, and genetic diversity of S. maltophilia isolated from residential aged care facilities (RACFs). RACFs are known for their overuse and often inappropriate use of antibiotics, creating a strong selective environment that favors the development of bacterial resistance. The study was conducted on 73 S. maltophilia isolates recovered from wastewater and facility swab samples obtained from three RACFs and a retirement village. Phenotypic and genotypic assessments of the isolates revealed high carbapenem resistance, exemplifying their intrinsic beta-lactam resistance. Alarmingly, 49.3% (36/73) of the isolates were non-wild type for colistin, with minimum inhibitory concentration values of > 4 mg/L, and 11.0% (8/73) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. No resistance mechanisms were detected for either antimicrobial. Genotypic assessment of known lineages revealed isolates clustering with Sm17 and Sm18, lineages not previously reported in Australia, suggesting the potential ongoing spread of MDR S. maltophilia. Lastly, although only a few isolates were biocide tolerant (2.7%, 2/73), their ability to grow in high concentrations (64 mg/L) of triclosan is concerning, as it may be selecting for their survival and continued dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia A. Sapula
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Bradley J. Hart
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Naomi L. Siderius
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Anteneh Amsalu
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia
| | - Jack M. Blaikie
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Henrietta Venter
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vashishtha S, Thakur S, Singh J, Adhana S, Kundu B. Evolutionarily conserved heat shock protein, HtpX, as an adjunct target against antibiotic-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1516-1529. [PMID: 37566682 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multiple drug resistance and extreme drug resistance pathogens necessitates the continuous evaluation of the pathogenic genome to identify conserved molecular targets and their respective inhibitors. In this study, we mapped the global mutational landscape of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (an intracellular pathogen notoriously known to cause the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhoea). We identified highly variable amino acid positions in the antibiotic target genes like the penA, ponA, 23s rRNA, rpoB, gyrA, parC, mtrR and porB. Some variations are directly reported to confer resistance to the currently used front-line drugs like ceftriaxone, cefixime, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin. Further, by whole genome comparison and Shannon entropy analysis, we identified a completely conserved protein HtpX in the drug-resistant as well as susceptible isolates of N. gonorrhoeae (NgHtpX). Comparison with the only available information of Escherichia coli HtpX suggested it to be a transmembrane metalloprotease having a role in stress response. The critical zinc-binding residue of NgHtpX was mapped to E141. By applying composite high throughput screening followed by MD simulations, we identified pemirolast and thalidomide as high-energy binding ligands of NgHtpX. Following cloning and expression of the purified metal-binding domain of NgHtpX (NgHtpXd), its Zn2+ -binding (Kd = 0.4 µM) and drug-binding (pemirolast, Kd = 3.47 µM; and thalidomide, Kd = 1.04 µM) potentials were determined using in-vitro fluorescence quenching experiment. When tested on N. gonorrhoeae cultures, both the ligands imposed a dose-dependent reduction in viability. Overall, our results provide high entropy positions in the targets of presently used antibiotics, which can be further explored to understand the AMR mechanism. Additionally, HtpX and its specific inhibitors identified can be utilised effectively in managing gonococcal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Vashishtha
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheetal Thakur
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Jasdeep Singh
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Adhana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Bishwajit Kundu
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kunz Coyne AJ, Herbin S, Caniff K, Rybak MJ. Steno-sphere: Navigating the enigmatic world of emerging multidrug-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Pharmacotherapy 2023; 43:833-846. [PMID: 37199104 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen and frequent cause of serious nosocomial infections. Patient populations at greatest risk for these infections include the immunocompromised and those with chronic respiratory illnesses and prior antibiotic exposure, notably to carbapenems. Its complex virulence and resistance profile drastically limit available antibiotics, and incomplete breakpoint and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) data to inform dose optimization further complicates therapeutic approaches. Clinical comparison data of first-line agents, including trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), quinolones, and minocycline, are limited to conflicting observational data with no clear benefit of a single agent or combination therapy. Newer antibiotic approaches, including cefiderocol and aztreonam- avibactam, are promising alternatives for extensively drug-resistant isolates; however, clinical outcomes data are needed. The potential clinical utility of bacteriophage for compassionate use in treating S. maltophilia infections remains to be determined since data is limited to in-vitro and sparse in-vivo work. This article provides a review of available literature for S. maltophilia infection management focused on related epidemiology, resistance mechanisms, identification, susceptibility testing, antimicrobial PK/PD, and emerging therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashlan J Kunz Coyne
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Kaylee Caniff
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael J Rybak
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Detroit Receiving Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chauviat A, Meyer T, Favre-Bonté S. Versatility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Ecological roles of RND efflux pumps. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14639. [PMID: 37089375 PMCID: PMC10113797 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
S. maltophilia is a widely distributed bacterium found in natural, anthropized and clinical environments. The genome of this opportunistic pathogen of environmental origin includes a large number of genes encoding RND efflux pumps independently of the clinical or environmental origin of the strains. These pumps have been historically associated with the uptake of antibiotics and clinically relevant molecules because they confer resistance to many antibiotics. However, considering the environmental origin of S. maltophilia, the ecological role of these pumps needs to be clarified. RND efflux systems are highly conserved within bacteria and encountered both in pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. Moreover, their evolutionary origin, conservation and multiple copies in bacterial genomes suggest a primordial role in cellular functions and environmental adaptation. This review is aimed at elucidating the ecological role of S. maltophilia RND efflux pumps in the environmental context and providing an exhaustive description of the environmental niches of S. maltophilia. By looking at the substrates and functions of the pumps, we propose different involvements and roles according to the adaptation of the bacterium to various niches. We highlight that i°) regulatory mechanisms and inducer molecules help to understand the conditions leading to their expression, and ii°) association and functional redundancy of RND pumps and other efflux systems demonstrate their complex role within S. maltophilia cells. These observations emphasize that RND efflux pumps play a role in the versatility of S. maltophilia.
Collapse
|
5
|
McCarlie SJ, Boucher CE, Bragg RR. Genomic Islands Identified in Highly Resistant Serratia sp. HRI: A Pathway to Discover New Disinfectant Resistance Elements. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020515. [PMID: 36838480 PMCID: PMC9964261 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular insights into the mechanisms of resistance to disinfectants are severely limited, together with the roles of various mobile genetic elements. Genomic islands are a well-characterised molecular resistance element in antibiotic resistance, but it is unknown whether genomic islands play a role in disinfectant resistance. Through whole-genome sequencing and the bioinformatic analysis of Serratia sp. HRI, an isolate with high disinfectant resistance capabilities, nine resistance islands were predicted and annotated within the genome. Resistance genes active against several antimicrobials were annotated in these islands, most of which are multidrug efflux pumps belonging to the MFS, ABC and DMT efflux families. Antibiotic resistance islands containing genes encoding for multidrug resistance proteins ErmB (macrolide and erythromycin resistance) and biclomycin were also found. A metal fitness island harbouring 13 resistance and response genes to copper, silver, lead, cadmium, zinc, and mercury was identified. In the search for disinfectant resistance islands, two genomic islands were identified to harbour smr genes, notorious for conferring disinfectant resistance. This suggests that genomic islands are capable of conferring disinfectant resistance, a phenomenon that has not yet been observed in the study of biocide resistance and tolerance.
Collapse
|
6
|
Pyrogallol downregulates the expression of virulence-associated proteins in Acinetobacter baumannii and showing anti-infection activity by improving non-specific immune response in zebrafish model. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:853-869. [PMID: 36526063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii, a virulent uropathogen with widespread antibiotic resistance, has arisen as a critical scientific challenge, necessitating the development of innovative therapeutic agents. This is the first study reveal the proteomic changes in A. baumannii upon pyrogallol treatment for understanding the mechanisms using nano-LC-MS/MS-based quantitative proteomics and qPCR analysis. The obtained results found that pyrogallol treatment dramatically downregulated the expression level of several key proteins such as GroEL, DnaK, ClpB, SodB, KatE, Bap, CsuA/B, PgaA, PgaC, BfmR, OmpA, and SecA in A. baumannii, which are involved in chaperone-mediated oxidative stress responses, antioxidant defence system, biofilm formation, virulence enzyme production, bacterial adhesion, capsule formation, and antibiotic resistance. Accordingly, the pyrogallol dramatically enhanced the lifespan of A. baumannii-infected zebrafish by inhibiting bacterial colonization, demonstrating the anti-infective potential of pyrogallol against A. baumannii. Further, the histopathological results also demonstrated the disease protection efficacy of pyrogallol against the pathognomonic sign of A. baumannii infection. In addition, the pyrogallol treatment effectively improved the immune parameters such as serum myeloperoxidase activity, leukocyte respiratory burst activity, and serum lysozyme activity in zebrafish against A. baumannii infection. Based on the results, the present study strongly proposes pyrogallol as a promising therapeutic agent for treating A. baumannii infection.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ho MMC, Sun MH, Wu WC, Lai CC, Yeh LK, Hwang YS, Hsiao CH, Chen KJ. Antibiotic Susceptibility and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Ocular Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111457. [PMID: 36358112 PMCID: PMC9686969 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen that can lead to ocular infections, such as keratitis and endophthalmitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of S. maltophilia isolates from ocular infections and to evaluate the differences in antibiotic MICs between keratitis and endophthalmitis isolates. The disc diffusion method revealed that S. maltophilia isolates exhibited 91% susceptibility to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin and 61% susceptibility to trimethoprim−sulfamethoxazole (TMP−SMX). The E-test indicated that S. maltophilia isolates exhibited 40%, 100%, 72%, 91%, 91%, and 93% susceptibility to ceftazidime, tigecycline, TMP−SMX, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin, respectively. The MIC90 values of amikacin, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, tigecycline, TMP−SMX, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin were >256, >256, >256, 3, >32, 1, 2, and 0.75 µg/mL, respectively. The geometric mean MICs of ceftazidime, TMP−SMX, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin were significantly lower for the keratitis isolates than for the endophthalmitis isolates (p = 0.0047, 0.003, 0.0029, 0.0003, and 0.0004, respectively). Fluoroquinolones showed higher susceptibility and lower MICs for the S. maltophilia isolates when compared with other antibiotics. Fluoroquinolones can be recommended for treating S. maltophilia ocular infections. Tigecycline and TMP−SMX could be alternative antibiotics for S. maltophilia ocular infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming-Hui Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chun Lai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Kun Yeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shiou Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsi Hsiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.H.); (K.-J.C.)
| | - Kuan-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.H.); (K.-J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mojica MF, Humphries R, Lipuma JJ, Mathers AJ, Rao GG, Shelburne SA, Fouts DE, Van Duin D, Bonomo RA. Clinical challenges treating Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections: an update. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2022; 4:dlac040. [PMID: 35529051 PMCID: PMC9071536 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a non-fermenting, Gram-negative bacillus that has emerged as an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen. Its intrinsic multidrug resistance makes treating infections caused by S. maltophilia a great clinical challenge. Clinical management is further complicated by its molecular heterogeneity that is reflected in the uneven distribution of antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants among different strains, the shortcomings of available antimicrobial susceptibility tests and the lack of standardized breakpoints for the handful of antibiotics with in vitro activity against this microorganism. Herein, we provide an update on the most recent literature concerning these issues, emphasizing the impact they have on clinical management of S. maltophilia infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria F. Mojica
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Western Reserve University-Cleveland VA Medical Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, OH, USA
- Research Service, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Grupo de Resistencia Antimicrobiana y Epidemiología Hospitalaria, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Romney Humphries
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John J. Lipuma
- University of Michigan Medical School, Pediatric Infectious Disease, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy J. Mathers
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gauri G. Rao
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samuel A. Shelburne
- Department of Infectious Diseases Infection Control and Employee Health, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Derrick E. Fouts
- Genomic Medicine, The J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David Van Duin
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert A. Bonomo
- Case Western Reserve University-Cleveland VA Medical Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, OH, USA
- Research Service, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Senior Clinician Scientist Investigator, Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Medical Service and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, and Proteomics and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Majumdar R, Hariharan K, Vaishnavi S, Sugumar S. Review on Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an emerging multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2022; 16:329-354. [PMID: 35549857 DOI: 10.2174/1872208316666220512121205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen that results in nosocomial infections in immunocompromised individuals. These bacteria colonize on the surface of medical devices and therapeutic equipment like urinary catheters, endoscopes, and ventilators, causing respiratory and urinary tract infections. The low outer membrane permeability of multidrug-resistance efflux systems and the two chromosomally encoded β-lactamases present in S.maltophilia are challenging for arsenal control. The cell-associated and extracellular virulence factors in S.maltophilia are involved in colonization and biofilm formation on the host surfaces. The spread of antibiotic-resistant genes in the pathogenic S.maltophilia attributes to bacterial resistance against a wide range of antibiotics, including penicillin, quinolones, and carbapenems. So far, tetracycline derivatives, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) are considered promising antibiotics against S.maltophilia. Due to the adaptive nature of the intrinsically resistant mechanism towards the number of antibiotics and its ability to acquire new resistance via mutation and horizontal gene transfer, it is quite tricky for medicinal contribution against S.maltophilia. The current review summarizes the literary data of pathogenicity, quorum sensing, biofilm formation, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance of S.maltophilia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikhia Majumdar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Hariharan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Vaishnavi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shobana Sugumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Q, Wang H, Jiang Y, Lv M, Wang X, Chen L. Biotransformation mechanism of Vibrio diabolicus to sulfamethoxazole at transcriptional level. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:125023. [PMID: 33429311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.125023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) has attracted much attention due to its high probability of detection in the environment. Marine bacteria Vibrio diabolicus strain L2-2 has been proven to be able to transform SMX. In this study, the potential resistance and biotransformation mechanism of strain L2-2 to SMX, and key genes responses to SMX at environmental concentrations were researched. KEGG pathways were enriched by down-regulated genes including degradation of L-Leucine, L-Isoleucine, and fatty acid metabolism. Resistance mechanism could be concluded as the enhancement of membrane transport, antioxidation, response regulator, repair proteins, and ribosome protection. Biotransformation genes might involve in arylamine N-acetyltransferases (nat), cytochrome c553 (cyc-553) and acyl-CoA synthetase (acs). At the environmental concentration of SMX (0.1-10 μg/L), nat was not be activated, which meant the acetylation of SMX might not occur in the environment; however, cyc-553 was up-regulated under SMX stress of 1 μg/L, which indicated the hydroxylation of SMX could occur in the environment. Besides, the membrane transport and antioxidation of strain L2-2 could be activated under SMX stress of 10 μg/L. The results provided a better understanding of resistance and biotransformation of bacteria to SMX and would support related researches about the impacts of environmental antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoning Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Centre for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongdan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Centre for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yaru Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Centre for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Min Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Centre for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Centre for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Saleh RO, Hussen BM, Mubarak SM, Mostafavi SKS. High diversity of virulent and multidrug-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Iraq. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
12
|
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen of significant concern to susceptible patient populations. This pathogen can cause nosocomial and community-acquired respiratory and bloodstream infections and various other infections in humans. Sources include water, plant rhizospheres, animals, and foods. Studies of the genetic heterogeneity of S. maltophilia strains have identified several new genogroups and suggested adaptation of this pathogen to its habitats. The mechanisms used by S. maltophilia during pathogenesis continue to be uncovered and explored. S. maltophilia virulence factors include use of motility, biofilm formation, iron acquisition mechanisms, outer membrane components, protein secretion systems, extracellular enzymes, and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. S. maltophilia is intrinsically drug resistant to an array of different antibiotics and uses a broad arsenal to protect itself against antimicrobials. Surveillance studies have recorded increases in drug resistance for S. maltophilia, prompting new strategies to be developed against this opportunist. The interactions of this environmental bacterium with other microorganisms are being elucidated. S. maltophilia and its products have applications in biotechnology, including agriculture, biocontrol, and bioremediation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gröschel MI, Meehan CJ, Barilar I, Diricks M, Gonzaga A, Steglich M, Conchillo-Solé O, Scherer IC, Mamat U, Luz CF, De Bruyne K, Utpatel C, Yero D, Gibert I, Daura X, Kampmeier S, Rahman NA, Kresken M, van der Werf TS, Alio I, Streit WR, Zhou K, Schwartz T, Rossen JWA, Farhat MR, Schaible UE, Nübel U, Rupp J, Steinmann J, Niemann S, Kohl TA. The phylogenetic landscape and nosocomial spread of the multidrug-resistant opportunist Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2044. [PMID: 32341346 PMCID: PMC7184733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies portend a rising global spread and adaptation of human- or healthcare-associated pathogens. Here, we analyse an international collection of the emerging, multidrug-resistant, opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from 22 countries to infer population structure and clonality at a global level. We show that the S. maltophilia complex is divided into 23 monophyletic lineages, most of which harbour strains of all degrees of human virulence. Lineage Sm6 comprises the highest rate of human-associated strains, linked to key virulence and resistance genes. Transmission analysis identifies potential outbreak events of genetically closely related strains isolated within days or weeks in the same hospitals. Multidrug resistance of the opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an increasing problem. Here, analyzing strains from 22 countries, the authors show that the S. maltophilia complex is divided into 23 monophyletic lineages and find evidence for intra-hospital transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias I Gröschel
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases & Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Conor J Meehan
- School of Chemistry and Bioscience, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Barilar
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Margo Diricks
- bioMérieux, Applied Maths NV, Keistraat 120, 9830, St-Martens-Latem, Belgium
| | - Aitor Gonzaga
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Steglich
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Oscar Conchillo-Solé
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabell-Christin Scherer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Uwe Mamat
- Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Christian F Luz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien De Bruyne
- bioMérieux, Applied Maths NV, Keistraat 120, 9830, St-Martens-Latem, Belgium
| | - Christian Utpatel
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Daniel Yero
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidre Gibert
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Daura
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Michael Kresken
- Antiinfectives Intelligence GmbH, Rheinbach, Germany.,Rheinische Fachhochschule Köln gGmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tjip S van der Werf
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases & Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ifey Alio
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang R Streit
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Thomas Schwartz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Eggenstein- Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - John W A Rossen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maha R Farhat
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ulrich E Schaible
- Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg - Lübeck - Borstel - Riems, Cologne, Germany.,Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS'21, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nübel
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany.,Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS'21, Cologne, Germany.,Germany Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover - Braunschweig, Cologne, Germany.,Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technical University, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg - Lübeck - Borstel - Riems, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joerg Steinmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Essen, Essen, Germany.,Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Institute of Clinical Hygiene, Paracelsus Medical Private University, Klinikum Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Niemann
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg - Lübeck - Borstel - Riems, Cologne, Germany. .,Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS'21, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Thomas A Kohl
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg - Lübeck - Borstel - Riems, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mutations in Ribosomal Protein RplA or Treatment with Ribosomal Acting Antibiotics Activates Production of Aminoglycoside Efflux Pump SmeYZ in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01524-19. [PMID: 31712205 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01524-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycoside resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is multifactorial, but the most significant mechanism is overproduction of the SmeYZ efflux system. By studying laboratory-selected mutants and clinical isolates, we show here that damage to the 50S ribosomal protein L1 (RplA) activates SmeYZ production. We also show that gentamicin and minocycline, which target the ribosome, induce expression of smeYZ These findings explain the role of SmeYZ in both intrinsic and mutationally acquired aminoglycoside resistance.
Collapse
|
15
|
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Encodes a VirB/VirD4 Type IV Secretion System That Modulates Apoptosis in Human Cells and Promotes Competition against Heterologous Bacteria, Including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00457-19. [PMID: 31235638 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00457-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen. S. maltophilia is also a risk factor for lung exacerbations in cystic fibrosis patients. S. maltophilia attaches to various mammalian cells, and we recently documented that the bacterium encodes a type II secretion system which triggers detachment-induced apoptosis in lung epithelial cells. We have now confirmed that S. maltophilia also encodes a type IVA secretion system (VirB/VirD4 [VirB/D4] T4SS) that is highly conserved among S. maltophilia strains and, looking beyond the Stenotrophomonas genus, is most similar to the T4SS of Xanthomonas To define the role(s) of this T4SS, we constructed a mutant of strain K279a that is devoid of secretion activity due to loss of the VirB10 component. The mutant induced a higher level of apoptosis upon infection of human lung epithelial cells, indicating that a T4SS effector(s) has antiapoptotic activity. However, when we infected human macrophages, the mutant triggered a lower level of apoptosis, implying that the T4SS also elaborates a proapoptotic factor(s). Moreover, when we cocultured K279a with strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the T4SS promoted the growth of S. maltophilia and reduced the numbers of heterologous bacteria, signaling that another effector(s) has antibacterial activity. In all cases, the effect of the T4SS required S. maltophilia contact with its target. Thus, S. maltophilia VirB/D4 T4SS appears to secrete multiple effectors capable of modulating death pathways. That a T4SS can have anti- and prokilling effects on different targets, including both human and bacterial cells, has, to our knowledge, not been seen before.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yoshitani K, Hizukuri Y, Akiyama Y. An in vivo protease activity assay for investigating the functions of the Escherichia coli membrane protease HtpX. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:842-851. [PMID: 30903618 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli HtpX is an M48 family zinc metalloproteinase located in the cytoplasmic membrane. Previous studies suggested that it is involved in the quality control of membrane proteins. However, its in vivo proteolytic function has not been characterized in detail, mainly because the physiological substrates have not been identified and no model substrate that allows sensitive detection of the protease activity is available. We constructed a new model substrate of HtpX and established an in vivo semiquantitative and convenient protease activity assay system for HtpX. This system enables detection of differential protease activities of HtpX mutants carrying mutations in conserved regions. This system would also be useful for investigating the functions of HtpX and its homologs in other bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yoshitani
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yohei Hizukuri
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Akiyama
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Qin W, Zhao J, Yu X, Liu X, Chu X, Tian J, Wu N. Improving Cadmium Resistance in Escherichia coli Through Continuous Genome Evolution. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:278. [PMID: 30842762 PMCID: PMC6391850 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is extremely toxic to many organisms; however, microbes are highly adaptable to extreme conditions, including heavy metal contamination. Bacteria can evolve in the natural environment, generating resistant strains that can be studied to understand heavy-metal resistance mechanisms, but obtaining such adaptive strains usually takes a long time. In this study, the genome replication engineering assisted continuous evolution (GREACE) method was used to accelerate the evolutionary rate of the Escherichia coli genome to screen for E. coli mutants with high resistance to cadmium. As a result, a mutant (8mM-CRAA) with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 mM cadmium was generated; this MIC value was approximately eightfold higher than that of the E. coli BL21(DE3) wild-type strain. Sequencing revealed 329 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genome of the E. coli mutant 8mM-CRAA. These SNPs as well as RNA-Seq data on gene expression induced by cadmium were used to analyze the genes related to cadmium resistance. Overexpression, knockout and mutation of the htpX (which encodes an integral membrane heat shock protein) and gor (which encodes glutathione reductase) genes revealed that these two genes contribute positively to cadmium resistance in E. coli. Therefore, in addition to the previously identified cadmium resistance genes zntA and capB, many other genes are also involved in bacterial cadmium resistance. This study assists us in understanding the mechanism of microbial cadmium resistance and facilitating the application of heavy-metal remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weitong Qin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jintong Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Tian
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ningfeng Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|