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Yang Y, Xie S, He F, Xu Y, Wang Z, Ihsan A, Wang X. Recent development and fighting strategies for lincosamide antibiotic resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0016123. [PMID: 38634634 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00161-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYLincosamides constitute an important class of antibiotics used against a wide range of pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. However, due to the misuse of lincosamide and co-selection pressure, the resistance to lincosamide has become a serious concern. It is urgently needed to carefully understand the phenomenon and mechanism of lincosamide resistance to effectively prevent and control lincosamide resistance. To date, six mobile lincosamide resistance classes, including lnu, cfr, erm, vga, lsa, and sal, have been identified. These lincosamide resistance genes are frequently found on mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as plasmids, transposons, integrative and conjugative elements, genomic islands, and prophages. Additionally, MGEs harbor the genes that confer resistance not only to antimicrobial agents of other classes but also to metals and biocides. The ultimate purpose of discovering and summarizing bacterial resistance is to prevent, control, and combat resistance effectively. This review highlights four promising strategies, including chemical modification of antibiotics, the development of antimicrobial peptides, the initiation of bacterial self-destruct program, and antimicrobial stewardship, to fight against resistance and safeguard global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiyu Xie
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fangjing He
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yindi Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Awais Ihsan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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2
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Lin C, Feng Y, Xie X, Zhang H, Wu J, Zhu Y, Yu J, Feng J, Su W, Lai S, Zhang A. Antimicrobial resistance characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus isolates from different environmental samples along a laying hen production chain. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:195-205. [PMID: 37980008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance in the laying hen production industry has become a serious public health problem. The antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic relationships of the common conditional pathogen Enterococcus along the laying hen production chain have not been systematically clarified. 105 Enterococcus isolates were obtained from 115 environmental samples (air, dust, feces, flies, sewage, and soil) collected along the laying hen production chain (breeding chicken, chick, young chicken, and commercial laying hen). These Enterococcus isolates exhibited resistance to some clinically relevant antibiotics, such as tetracycline (92.4%), streptomycin (92.4%), and erythromycin (91.4%), and all strains had multidrug resistance phenotypes. Whole genome sequencing characterized 29 acquired antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that conferred resistance to 11 classes of antibiotics in 51 pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus isolates, and lsa(E), which mediates resistance to pleuromutilins, always co-occurred with lnu(B). Alignments with the Mobile Genetic Elements database identified four transposons (Tn554, Tn558, Tn6261, and Tn6674) with several ARGs (erm(A), ant(9)-la, fex(A), and optrA) that mediated resistance to many clinically important antibiotics. Moreover, we identified two new transposons that carried ARGs in the Tn554 family designated as Tn7508 and Tn7492. A complementary approach based on conventional multi-locus sequence typing and whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism analysis showed that phylogenetically related pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus isolates were widely distributed in various environments on different production farms. Our results indicate that environmental contamination by antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus requires greater attention, and they highlight the risk of pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus and ARGs disseminating along the laying hen production chain, thereby warranting effective disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lin
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuxuan Feng
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xianjun Xie
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yixiao Zhu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jingyi Feng
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wen Su
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shanming Lai
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Anyun Zhang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Deshamukhya C, Bhowmik D, (Chanda) DD, Bhattacharjee A. Optimization of loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based method for detection of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Indian J Med Res 2023; 157:477-481. [PMID: 37955222 PMCID: PMC10443712 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_3304_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
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Dec M, Łagowski D, Nowak T, Pietras-Ożga D, Herman K. Serotypes, Antibiotic Susceptibility, Genotypic Virulence Profiles and SpaA Variants of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Strains Isolated from Pigs in Poland. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030409. [PMID: 36986331 PMCID: PMC10058941 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains isolated from diseased pigs in Poland and comparison of the SpaA (Surface protective antigen A) sequence of wild-type strains with the sequence of the R32E11 vaccine strain. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was assessed using the broth microdilution method. Resistance genes, virulence genes, and serotype determinants were detected using PCR. The gyrA and spaA amplicons were sequenced to determine nonsynonymous mutations. The E. rhusiopathiae isolates (n = 14) represented serotypes 1b (42.8%), 2 (21.4%), 5 (14.3%), 6 (7.1%), 8 (7.1%), and N (7.1%). All strains were susceptible to β-lactams, macrolides and florfenicol. One isolate showed resistance to lincosamides and tiamulin, and most strains were resistant to tetracycline and enrofloxacin. High MIC values of gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, trimethoprim, trimethoprim/sulfadiazine, and rifampicin were recorded for all isolates. Phenotypic resistance was correlated with the presence of the tetM, int-Tn, lasE, and lnuB genes. Resistance to enrofloxacin was due to a mutation in the gyrA gene. All strains contained the spaA gene and several other genes putatively involved in pathogenesis (nanH.1, nanH.2, intl, sub, hlyA, fbpA, ERH_1356, cpsA, algI, rspA and rspB) Seven variants of the SpaA protein were found in the tested strains, and a relationship between the structure of SpaA and the serotype was noted. E. rhusiopathiae strains occurring in pigs in Poland are diverse in terms of serotype and SpaA variant and differ antigenically from the R32E11 vaccine strain. Beta-lactam antibiotics, macrolides, or phenicols should be the first choice for treatment of swine erysipelas in Poland. However, due to the small number of tested strains, this conclusion should be approached with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dec
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-445-60-32
| | - Dominik Łagowski
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nowak
- Diagnostic Veterinary Laboratory Vet-Lab Brudzew Dr. Piotr Kwieciński, Department of Molecular Biology, 62-720 Brudzew, Poland
| | - Dorota Pietras-Ożga
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Herman
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Deshamukhya C, Bhowmik D, Dhar (Chanda) D, Bhattacharjee A. Tn5406, a staphylococcal transposon associated with macrolide-lincosamide-streptograminb resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 42:30-33. [PMID: 36967212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to investigate the occurrence of MLSb resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with respect to their association with transposons. METHODS The present study was performed with clinical isolates of S. aureus. The MLSb resistant phenotypes in the obtained isolates were determined by D zone test or double disc diffusion test as per CLSI 2020 guidelines. MLSb resistance encoding genes were detected by PCR. The genes tested were ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, mphC, vga, vgb and lnuB. The MLSb resistant Staphylococcal isolates were selected to analyze the association of the genes with mobile genetic elements Tn554, Tn5406, Tn917, Tn6133, Tn551 by PCR based method. Primer pairs were designed using sequences from transposons and the resistance genes, respectively. RESULTS During this study, 268 isolates of S. aureus were obtained of which 233 (86.94%) isolates exhibited different MLSb resistant phenotypes. The predominant gene among the MLSb resistant isolates was msrA followed by vgaA and mphC genes. PCR assay was employed to determine whether the genes msrA, mphC and vgaA were carried by Tn554, Tn5406, Tn917, Tn6133, Tn551 transposons. PCR amplification with the designed primer pairs revealed vgaA gene being part of Tn5406. CONCLUSION The presence of Tn5406 in all the vgaA harboring isolates highlights its potential of spread across isolates. Moreover, the co-existence of different MLSb resistance encoding genes observed in the study shows that the combination of genes involved in different mechanism mediated the nature of MLSb resistance.
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Azpiroz MF, Burger N, Mazza M, Rodríguez G, Camou T, García Gabarrot G. Characterization of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolates containing lnuB gene responsible for the L phenotype. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284869. [PMID: 37115801 PMCID: PMC10146458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the framework of the β-hemolytic streptococci surveillance carried out by the National Reference Laboratory from Uruguay, three putative Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) were received from different health centers. Being these the first reports associated with human infections in Uruguay, the objective of this work was to confirm their identification, to determine their genetic relationship and to study their antibiotic susceptibility. Using four different methods, they were identified as SEZ, a subspecies which has been described as the etiologic agent of rare and severe zoonosis in a few cases in other countries. The three isolates presented different pulsotypes by PFGE; however, two of them appeared to be related and were confirmed as ST431 by MLST, while the remaining isolate displayed ST72. Their resistance profile exhibited an unexpected feature: despite all of them were susceptible to macrolides, they showed different levels of resistance to clindamycin, i.e. they had the so-called "L phenotype". This rare trait is known to be due to a nucleotidyl-transferase, encoded by genes of the lnu family. Although this phenotype was previously described in a few SEZ isolates, its genetic basis has not been studied yet. This was now analyzed by PCR in the three isolates and they were found to contain a lnuB gene. The lnuB sequence was identical among the three isolates and with many lnuB sequences deposited in data banks. In conclusion, for the first time in Uruguay, three SEZ isolates recovered from non-epidemiologically related cases of human invasive infection were identified. Moreover, this is the first report about the presence of a lnu gene in the S. equi species, revealing the active lateral spread of the lnuB in a new streptococcal host.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Azpiroz
- Facultad de Ciencias, Fisiología y Genética Bacterianas, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | - Teresa Camou
- Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Montevideo, Uruguay
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de Souza Rodrigues D, Lannes‐Costa PS, da Silva Santos G, Ribeiro RL, Langoni H, Teixeira LM, Nagao PE. Antimicrobial resistance, biofilm production and invasion of mammary epithelial cells by
Enterococcus faecalis
and
Enterococcus mundtii
strains isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis in Brazil. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:184-194. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dayane de Souza Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Fisiologia de Estreptococos Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Pamella Silva Lannes‐Costa
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Fisiologia de Estreptococos Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Gabriela da Silva Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Fisiologia de Estreptococos Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Rachel Leite Ribeiro
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Helio Langoni
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade do Estado de São Paulo Botucatu, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Lúcia Martins Teixeira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Prescilla Emy Nagao
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Fisiologia de Estreptococos Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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Tn 560, a Novel Tn 554 Family Transposon from Porcine Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398, Carries a Multiresistance Gene Cluster Comprising a Novel spc Gene Variant and the Genes lsa(E) and lnu(B). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0194721. [PMID: 35315688 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01947-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Stępień-Pyśniak D, Bertelloni F, Dec M, Cagnoli G, Pietras-Ożga D, Urban-Chmiel R, Ebani VV. Characterization and Comparison of Enterococcus spp. Isolates from Feces of Healthy Dogs and Urine of Dogs with UTIs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102845. [PMID: 34679866 PMCID: PMC8532874 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Infections caused by Enterococcus spp. represent a serious threat to human and animal health due to difficulties in treatment. Indeed, these bacteria are a very able “trafficker” of antimicrobial resistance genes and for this reason they are often resistant to many antimicrobials. In this study we explored the role of pet dogs as possible carriers and targets of antimicrobial resistant and virulent enterococci. Isolates collected from feces of healthy animals and urine of dogs suffering with UTIs were characterized and compared. Strains resulted as resistant to many of the antimicrobials tested and almost of them were multidrug-resistant. Diffuse resistance was recorded for compounds routinely employed in human and pet therapy. Genes responsible for antimicrobial resistance were widely detected. E. faecalis and E. faecium resulted as equally distributed in stool samples, while E. faecalis prevailed among UTI isolates; virulence genes were more often detected in bacteria belonging to this species. Our data confirm that enterococci inhabitant of the gut flora probably represent the main source of UTI in dogs. Furthermore, healthy and sick pet dogs could be spreaders of antimicrobial and virulent enterococci, representing a possible hazard for other animals and owners. Abstract Enterococcus spp. are opportunistic pathogens of both humans and animals characterized by high resistance to antimicrobials. Dogs could be intestinal carriers or suffer from Enterococcus infections, mainly urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to analyze and compare Enterococcus spp. isolated from healthy dog stools and sick dog urine. Overall, 51 isolates (29 from stools and 22 from UTI) were characterized at species level and tested for antimicrobial resistance, biofilm production and presence of resistance and virulence genes. E. faecium and E. faecalis resulted as equally distributed in stools samples, while E. faecalis predominated among UTI isolates. HLAR phenotype was detected in 47.1% isolates; 64.7% isolates were resistant to ampicillin (47.1% with a MIC ≥ 64 µg/mL). High levels of resistance were recorded for fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin 74.5%, ciprofloxacin 66.7%), clindamycin (84.3%), tetracycline (78.4%) and quinupristin–dalfopristin (78.4%). No vancomycin resistant strains were detected. All but one isolate were multidrug-resistant. Most detected resistance genes were tetM (70.5%), pbp4 (52.9%) and aph(3′)-IIIa (39.2%). All isolates were able to produce biofilm, but isolates from UTIs and belonging to E. faecalis more frequently resulted in strong biofilm producers. Most detected virulence genes were asa1 (52.9%), gelE (41.2%), cylA (37.3%) and esp (35.3%); all of them resulted as more frequently associated to E. faecalis. No particular differences emerged between isolates from feces and UTI, considering all evaluated aspects. Our results confirm pet dogs as carriers of multidrug-resistant enterococci; stool microflora could be considered as the most probable source of enterococcal UTI and E. faecalis carried by dogs seems to be more virulent than E. faecium, justifying its more frequent involvement in urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.-P.); (M.D.); (R.U.-C.)
| | - Fabrizio Bertelloni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (V.V.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Dec
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.-P.); (M.D.); (R.U.-C.)
| | - Giulia Cagnoli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (V.V.E.)
| | - Dorota Pietras-Ożga
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Renata Urban-Chmiel
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.-P.); (M.D.); (R.U.-C.)
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Yan H, Yu R, Li D, Shi L, Schwarz S, Yao H, Li XS, Du XD. A novel multiresistance gene cluster located on a plasmid-borne transposon in Listeria monocytogenes. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:868-872. [PMID: 31971232 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the genetic context and the transferability of the multiresistance gene lsa(E) in Listeria monocytogenes. METHODS MICs were determined by broth microdilution. Transferability of lsa(E) was investigated by conjugation, electrotransformation and natural transformation. The lsa(E)-carrying plasmid was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq and PacBio RSII platforms. The presence of translocatable units (TUs) was examined by PCR. RESULTS The 85 555 bp non-conjugative multiresistance plasmid pNH1 from L. monocytogenes harboured nine antimicrobial resistance genes including a multiresistance gene cluster, consisting of the genes aphA3, erm(B), aadE, spw, lsa(E) and lnu(B), and in addition the genes dfrG, tet(S) and catA8 were also located on plasmid pNH1 The multiresistance gene cluster, and each of the genes tet(S), catA8 and cadA were flanked by IS1216 elements. PCR identified four types of TUs, consisting of either the multiresistance gene cluster and one copy of IS1216, the catA8 gene and one copy of IS1216, or both, but also the tet(S) gene and one copy of IS1216, respectively. Natural transformation into Streptococcus mutans UA159 yielded transformants that harboured a novel 13 208 bp transposon, designated Tn6659. This transposon consisted of the multiresistance gene cluster bounded by IS1216 copies. All transformants displayed elevated MICs of the respective antimicrobial agents. At the integration site in the transformants, 8 bp direct target duplications (5'-ATTCAAAC-3') were found immediately up- and downstream of Tn6659. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this novel multiresistance gene cluster and the gene catA8, flanked by IS1216 elements located on a plasmid of L. monocytogenes. Moreover, a novel functionally active multiresistance transposon was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Runhao Yu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Dexi Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hong Yao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Sheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Dang Du
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
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Yan XM, Wang J, Tao XX, Jia HB, Meng FL, Yang H, You YH, Zheng B, Hu Y, Bu XX, Zhang JZ. A Conjugative MDR pMG1-Like Plasmid Carrying the lsa(E) Gene of Enterococcus faecium With Potential Transmission to Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:667415. [PMID: 34149653 PMCID: PMC8212935 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.667415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
lsa(E) is a pleuromutilin, lincosamide, and streptogramin A (PLSA phenotype) resistance gene that was first described in S. aureus and was thought to have been transferred from Enterococcus sp. This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence of the lsa(E) gene among E. faecium isolates at a tertiary teaching hospital and to evaluate the transferability of the lsa(E) gene from E. faecium to S. aureus in vitro. A total of 96 E. faecium strains isolated from one hospital in Beijing in 2013 were analysed for quinupristin-dalfopristin (QDA) resistance genes, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed. The transferability of QDA resistance between ten E. faecium strains and four S. aureus strains was determined by filter mating. Genome sequencing of the transconjugant was performed. A total of 46 E. faecium isolates (46/96, 47.92%) tested positive for lsa(E), while two isolates (2/96, 2.08%) tested positive for lsa(A). Thirty-six lsa(E)-positive strains (36/46, 78.3%) belonged to ST78. Among 40 mating tests, lsa(E) was successfully transferred through one conjugation at a frequency of 1.125 × 10-7 transconjugants per donor. The QDA resistance of the transconjugant N7435-R3645 was expressed at a higher level (MIC = 16 mg/L) than that of the parent S. aureus strain (MIC = 0.38 mg/L). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of the transconjugant N7435-R3645 showed that the complete sequence of the lsa(E)-carrying plasmid pN7435-R3645 had a size of 92,396 bp and a G + C content of 33% (accession no. MT022086). The genetic map of pN7435-R3645 had high nucleotide similarity and shared the main open reading frame (ORF) features with two plasmids: E. faecium pMG1 (AB206333.1) and E. faecium LS170308 (CP025078.1). The rep gene of pN7435-R3645 showed 100% identity with that of pMG1, although it did not belong to the rep1-19 family but instead a unique rep family. Multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including lsa(E), aadE and lnu(B), erm(B), ant6-Ia, and lnu(B), were present on the plasmid. In conclusion, an lsa(E)-carrying plasmid that can be transferred by conjugation from E. faecium to S. aureus in vitro was identified. This multidrug resistance (MDR) pMG1-like plasmid may act as a vector in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Bing Jia
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan-Liang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Hai You
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Bu
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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12
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Aun E, Kisand V, Laht M, Telling K, Kalmus P, Väli Ü, Brauer A, Remm M, Tenson T. Molecular Characterization of Enterococcus Isolates From Different Sources in Estonia Reveals Potential Transmission of Resistance Genes Among Different Reservoirs. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:601490. [PMID: 33841342 PMCID: PMC8032980 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.601490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to characterize the population structure, drug resistance mechanisms, and virulence genes of Enterococcus isolates in Estonia. Sixty-one Enterococcus faecalis and 34 Enterococcus faecium isolates were collected between 2012 and 2014 across the country from various sites and sources, including farm animals and poultry (n = 53), humans (n = 12), environment (n = 24), and wild birds (n = 44). Clonal relationships of the strains were determined by whole-genome sequencing and analyzed by multi-locus sequence typing. We determined the presence of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes and 23S rRNA mutations, virulence genes, and also the plasmid or chromosomal origin of the genes using dedicated DNA sequence analysis tools available and/or homology search against an ad hoc compiled database of relevant sequences. Two E. faecalis isolates from human with vanB genes were highly resistant to vancomycin. Closely related E. faecalis strains were isolated from different host species. This indicates interspecies spread of strains and potential transfer of antibiotic resistance. Genomic context analysis of the resistance genes indicated frequent association with plasmids and mobile genetic elements. Resistance genes are often present in the identical genetic context in strains with diverse origins, suggesting the occurrence of transfer events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erki Aun
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Veljo Kisand
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mailis Laht
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaidi Telling
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Piret Kalmus
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Väli
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Age Brauer
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maido Remm
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Fodor A, Abate BA, Deák P, Fodor L, Gyenge E, Klein MG, Koncz Z, Muvevi J, Ötvös L, Székely G, Vozik D, Makrai L. Multidrug Resistance (MDR) and Collateral Sensitivity in Bacteria, with Special Attention to Genetic and Evolutionary Aspects and to the Perspectives of Antimicrobial Peptides-A Review. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9070522. [PMID: 32610480 PMCID: PMC7399985 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic poly-resistance (multidrug-, extreme-, and pan-drug resistance) is controlled by adaptive evolution. Darwinian and Lamarckian interpretations of resistance evolution are discussed. Arguments for, and against, pessimistic forecasts on a fatal “post-antibiotic era” are evaluated. In commensal niches, the appearance of a new antibiotic resistance often reduces fitness, but compensatory mutations may counteract this tendency. The appearance of new antibiotic resistance is frequently accompanied by a collateral sensitivity to other resistances. Organisms with an expanding open pan-genome, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, can withstand an increased number of resistances by exploiting their evolutionary plasticity and disseminating clonally or poly-clonally. Multidrug-resistant pathogen clones can become predominant under antibiotic stress conditions but, under the influence of negative frequency-dependent selection, are prevented from rising to dominance in a population in a commensal niche. Antimicrobial peptides have a great potential to combat multidrug resistance, since antibiotic-resistant bacteria have shown a high frequency of collateral sensitivity to antimicrobial peptides. In addition, the mobility patterns of antibiotic resistance, and antimicrobial peptide resistance, genes are completely different. The integron trade in commensal niches is fortunately limited by the species-specificity of resistance genes. Hence, we theorize that the suggested post-antibiotic era has not yet come, and indeed might never come.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Fodor
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- Correspondence: or (A.F.); (L.M.); Tel.: +36-(30)-490-9294 (A.F.); +36-(30)-271-2513 (L.M.)
| | - Birhan Addisie Abate
- Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology Directorate, Addis Ababa 5954, Ethiopia;
| | - Péter Deák
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Fodor
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 22, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ervin Gyenge
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.G.); (G.S.)
- Institute for Research-Development-Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele St., 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Michael G. Klein
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691, USA;
| | - Zsuzsanna Koncz
- Max-Planck Institut für Pflanzenzüchtungsforschung, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Köln, Germany;
| | | | - László Ötvös
- OLPE, LLC, Audubon, PA 19403-1965, USA;
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Arrevus, Inc., Raleigh, NC 27612, USA
| | - Gyöngyi Székely
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.G.); (G.S.)
- Institute for Research-Development-Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele St., 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Centre for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Babeș-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dávid Vozik
- Research Institute on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Veszprem, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary; or or
| | - László Makrai
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 22, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary;
- Correspondence: or (A.F.); (L.M.); Tel.: +36-(30)-490-9294 (A.F.); +36-(30)-271-2513 (L.M.)
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14
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Nowakiewicz A, Zięba P, Gnat S, Trościańczyk A, Osińska M, Łagowski D, Kosior-Korzecka U, Puzio I. A significant number of multi-drug resistant Enterococcus faecalis in wildlife animals; long-term consequences and new or known reservoirs of resistance? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135830. [PMID: 31818604 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As the last link in the food chain in a complex ecosystem covering at least three different environmental spheres, species of wildlife carnivorous mammals constitute a group accumulating potential pathogens and factors resulting from human activity, including the emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the level and range of resistance in commensal E. faecalis isolated from wildlife carnivorous mammals and genetic relationships in terms of the source of these strains as well as resistance and virulence genes. Differentiation between strains was performed based on ADSRRS-fingerprinting method. The results showed that almost half of the tested animals (48%) were carriers of at least one multidrug resistant E. faecalis strain. Moreover, 44% of MDR-positive animals showed two or three strains differing in both the genotype and the resistance phenotype. A significant percentage of strains were resistant to high-level aminoglycosides (from 20% to even 57.5%). The resistance and virulence gene profiles showed a rich panel of genes closely related to isolates from nosocomial infection and from livestock animals. The presence of the same genotypes in different hosts reflects not only a possible transfer of genes between E. faecalis strains but also exchange of strains between animals. The obtained results reflect a very high level of contamination of animals that are not subjected to targeted antibiotic therapy, which may suggest the degree of pollution of the environment. Wildlife animals and their environment can be a link closing the circulation cycle of genes and even epidemiologically important strains; therefore, there is a high risk that this pool will never run out and will be maintained at a high level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Nowakiewicz
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Zięba
- State Veterinary Laboratory, Droga Męczenników Majdanka 50, 20-325 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Trościańczyk
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcelina Osińska
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominik Łagowski
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Kosior-Korzecka
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Puzio
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Physiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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15
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Dec M, Stępień-Pyśniak D, Gnat S, Fratini F, Urban-Chmiel R, Cerri D, Winiarczyk S, Turchi B. Antibiotic Susceptibility and Virulence Genes in Enterococcus Isolates from Wild Mammals Living in Tuscany, Italy. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 26:505-519. [PMID: 31663834 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is of great importance to human and animal health, but wild environments are still poorly understood in terms of their function as reservoirs of dangerous microbes and resistance determinants. The aim of the study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors of Enterococcus bacteria from wildlife in Tuscany, Italy. Of the 36 mammalian fecal samples, 52 isolates were derived and classified as Enterococcus faecium (46% of isolates), Enterococcus hirae (19%), Enterococcus faecalis (13%), Enterococcus gallinarum (8%), Enterococcus casseliflavus (6%), Enterococcus durans (4%), Enterococcus mundtii (2%), and Enterococcus canintestini (2%) using both matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and methods based on analysis of genetic material. The isolates tested showed the most frequent resistance to tetracycline (36.5% isolates), ciprofloxacin (36.5%), and erythromycin (25%). Three isolates showed high level of resistance (minimal inhibitory concentration ≥1,024 μg/mL) to vancomycin and teicoplanin, and 15% of the isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance. No isolate resistant to ampicillin, linezolid, or streptomycin was found. Among resistance genes, aac(6)-Ii (50% isolates), msrA/B (48%), msrC (42%), and tetM (31%) were identified most frequently. All E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates were positive for the efaAfm and efaAfs genes, respectively. Other virulence-associated genes, that is, gelE, cylA, asa1, esp, ace, orf1481, ptsD, and sgrA, were found in the majority of E. faecalis and several E. faecium isolates. Multilocus sequence typing analysis performed for selected isolates revealed three new sequence types. The results obtained indicate that wild mammals might act as reservoirs of resistance and virulence determinants that could be transferred between different ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dec
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Filippo Fratini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Renata Urban-Chmiel
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Domenico Cerri
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stanisław Winiarczyk
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Turchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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16
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Abstract
Enterococci are natural inhabitants of the intestinal tract in humans and many animals, including food-producing and companion animals. They can easily contaminate the food and the environment, entering the food chain. Moreover, Enterococcus is an important opportunistic pathogen, especially the species E. faecalis and E. faecium, causing a wide variety of infections. This microorganism not only contains intrinsic resistance mechanisms to several antimicrobial agents, but also has the capacity to acquire new mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. In this review we analyze the diversity of enterococcal species and their distribution in the intestinal tract of animals. Moreover, resistance mechanisms for different classes of antimicrobials of clinical relevance are reviewed, as well as the epidemiology of multidrug-resistant enterococci of animal origin, with special attention given to beta-lactams, glycopeptides, and linezolid. The emergence of new antimicrobial resistance genes in enterococci of animal origin, such as optrA and cfr, is highlighted. The molecular epidemiology and the population structure of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates in farm and companion animals is presented. Moreover, the types of plasmids that carry the antimicrobial resistance genes in enterococci of animal origin are reviewed.
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17
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Dec M, Nowaczek A, Stępień-Pyśniak D, Wawrzykowski J, Urban-Chmiel R. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility of lactobacilli isolated from turkeys. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:168. [PMID: 30373569 PMCID: PMC6206647 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to identify Lactobacillus isolates derived from turkeys from six Polish farms and to characterize their phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles. Results Among 62 isolates identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and restriction analysis of 16S rDNA, the dominant species was L. salivarius (35%), followed by L. crispatus (21%), L. ingluviei (14.5%) and L. johnsonii (10%). A high prevalence of resistance to tetracycline (68% resistant isolates), lincomycin (64.5%) and enrofloxacin (60%) among the lactobacilli tested was observed. Fewer than 50% isolates were resistant to ampicillin (47%), erythromycin (45%), streptomycin (31%), chloramphenicol (29%) and gentamicin (10%). As many as 64,5% of the isolates showed multidrug resistance. High MIC values for ampicillin (≥64 μg/ml) were usually accompanied by elevated MICs for cephalosporins (≥16 μg/ml) and high MICs for tiamulin, i.e. ≥32 μg/ml, were noted in most of the turkey lactobacilli (61%). The occurrence of resistance genes was associated with phenotypic resistance, with the exception of five phenotypically susceptible isolates that contained the tetM, tetL, ermC, ermB or cat genes. The most frequently identified were ermB (45% isolates), tetL (40%), tetW (37%) and tetM (29%), and the occurrence of lnuA (18%), cat (10%), ermC (6%), ant(6)-Ia (5%) and aadE (5%) was less frequent. The mechanism of ampicillin resistance has not been elucidated, but the results of nitrocefin test confirmed that it is not involved in the production of beta-lactamases. Conclusions The high rate of antibiotic resistance observed in this study indicates the need to implement the principles of rational use of antibiotics in poultry. The presence of transmissible resistant genes in lactobacilli may contribute to the development of antibiotic resistant pathogenic strains that pose a threat to both poultry and consumers. The results of these studies may be useful for committees providing guidance on antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms in order to revise and supplement current microbiological cut-offs values within the genus Lactobacillus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1269-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dec
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Nowaczek
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Wawrzykowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Urban-Chmiel
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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18
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Di Sante L, Morroni G, Brenciani A, Vignaroli C, Antonelli A, D'Andrea MM, Di Cesare A, Giovanetti E, Varaldo PE, Rossolini GM, Biavasco F. pHTβ-promoted mobilization of non-conjugative resistance plasmids from Enterococcus faecium to Enterococcus faecalis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018. [PMID: 28645197 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To analyse the recombination events associated with conjugal mobilization of two multiresistance plasmids, pRUM17i48 and pLAG (formerly named pDO1-like), from Enterococcus faecium 17i48 to Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2. Methods The plasmids from two E. faecalis transconjugants (JH-4T, tetracycline resistant, and JH-8E, erythromycin resistant) and from the E. faecium donor (also carrying a pHTβ-like conjugative plasmid, named pHTβ17i48) were investigated by several methods, including PCR mapping and sequencing, S1-PFGE followed by Southern blotting and hybridization, and WGS. Results Two locations of repApHTβ were detected in both transconjugants, one on a ∼50 kb plasmid (as in the donor) and the other on plasmids of larger sizes. In JH-4T, WGS disclosed an 88.6 kb plasmid resulting from the recombination of pHTβ17i48 (∼50 kb) and a new plasmid, named pLAG (35.3 kb), carrying the tet(M), tet(L), lsa(E), lnu(B), spw and aadE resistance genes. In JH-8E, a 75 kb plasmid resulting from the recombination of pHTβ17i48 and pRUM17i48 was observed. In both cases, the cointegrates were apparently derived from replicative transposition of an IS1216 present in each of the multiresistance plasmids into pHTβ17i48. The cointegrates could resolve to yield the multiresistance plasmids and a pHTβ17i48 derivative carrying an IS1216 (unlike the pHTβ17i48 of the donor). Conclusions Our results completed the characterization of the multiresistance plasmids carried by the E. faecium 17i48, confirming the role of pHT plasmids in the mobilization of non-conjugative antibiotic resistance elements among enterococci. Results also revealed that mobilization to E. faecalis was associated with the generation of cointegrate plasmids promoted by IS1216-mediated transposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Sante
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Morroni
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Brenciani
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carla Vignaroli
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alberto Antonelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Maria D'Andrea
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Cesare
- Microbial Ecology Group, CNR - Institute of Ecosystem Study, Verbania, Italy
| | - Eleonora Giovanetti
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pietro E Varaldo
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Biavasco
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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19
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Ahmed MO, Baptiste KE. Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: A Review of Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms and Perspectives of Human and Animal Health. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 24:590-606. [PMID: 29058560 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are both of medical and public health importance associated with serious multidrug-resistant infections and persistent colonization. Enterococci are opportunistic environmental inhabitants with a remarkable adaptive capacity to evolve and transmit antimicrobial-resistant determinants. The VRE gene operons show distinct genetic variability and apparently continued evolution leading to a variety of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and various environmental and livestock reservoirs for the most common van genes. Such complex diversity renders a number of important therapeutic options including "last resort antibiotics" ineffective and poses a particular challenge for clinical management. Enterococci resistance to glycopeptides and multidrug resistance warrants attention and continuous monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed O Ahmed
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli , Tripoli, Libya
| | - Keith E Baptiste
- 2 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Danish Medicines Agency , Copenhagen South, Denmark
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20
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Dec M, Urban-Chmiel R, Stępień-Pyśniak D, Wernicki A. Assessment of antibiotic susceptibility in Lactobacillus isolates from chickens. Gut Pathog 2017; 9:54. [PMID: 28932278 PMCID: PMC5605976 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-017-0203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility of 88 Lactobacillus isolates derived from chickens to antibiotic substances and to detect drug-resistance genes. RESULTS The minimal inhibitory concentration of 13 antimicrobial substances was determined by the broth microdilution method, and resistance genes were detected by PCR. We recorded a high prevalence of resistance to tiamulin (90% resistant isolates), tetracyclines (74%) and lincomycin (70%), and a moderately high frequency of resistance to enrofloxacin (48%), macrolides (42%), aminoglycosides (12.5-31%), ampicillin (26%) and chloramphenicol (23%). Multi-drug resistance was observed in 79.5% of isolates. The presence of resistance genes was generally correlated with phenotypic resistance, but some molecular determinants were also recorded in susceptible isolates. Among tetracycline resistance genes, the most frequently identified was tetW (45% isolates), followed by tetM (26%) and tetL (24%). The ermB, ermC and lnuA genes, associated with resistance to macrolides and lincosamides, were observed in 39, 12 and 39% of isolates, respectively. Among genes determining resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, we identified ant(6)-Ia (10% of isolates), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2')-Ia (8%), aph(2″)-Ic (6%) and aadE (4.5%). The cat gene was present in 32 isolates, including 8 of 20 found to be resistant to chloramphenicol. Two genes encoding efflux pumps were identified-the acrA gene was present in all isolates tested, and 10 of 79 lactobacilli determined to be phenotypically resistant to tiamulin contained the lsaE gene. We were unable to explain the resistance mechanism of Lactobacillus isolates to ampicillin, but showed that it did not involve the production of β-lactamases. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that intestinal lactobacilli should be considered a reservoir of resistance genes and that antibiotics must be used prudently in poultry production. The data derived from this study can be used as a basis for reviewing current microbiological breakpoints for categorization of susceptible and resistant strains within the genus Lactobacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dec
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Urban-Chmiel
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wernicki
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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21
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Schwarz S, Shen J, Kadlec K, Wang Y, Brenner Michael G, Feßler AT, Vester B. Lincosamides, Streptogramins, Phenicols, and Pleuromutilins: Mode of Action and Mechanisms of Resistance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:a027037. [PMID: 27549310 PMCID: PMC5088508 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lincosamides, streptogramins, phenicols, and pleuromutilins (LSPPs) represent four structurally different classes of antimicrobial agents that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to particular sites on the 50S ribosomal subunit of the ribosomes. Members of all four classes are used for different purposes in human and veterinary medicine in various countries worldwide. Bacteria have developed ways and means to escape the inhibitory effects of LSPP antimicrobial agents by enzymatic inactivation, active export, or modification of the target sites of the agents. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mode of action of LSPP antimicrobial agents as well as of the mutations and resistance genes known to confer resistance to these agents in various bacteria of human and animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), 31535 Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Kristina Kadlec
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), 31535 Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Geovana Brenner Michael
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), 31535 Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), 31535 Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | - Birte Vester
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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22
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Characterization of Spectinomycin Resistance in Streptococcus suis Leads to Two Novel Insights into Drug Resistance Formation and Dissemination Mechanism. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:6390-2. [PMID: 27458226 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01157-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic used clinically to treat a variety of infections in animals. Here, we characterized drug resistance prevalence in clinical Streptococcus suis isolates and discovered a novel resistance mechanism in which the s5 mutation (Gly26Asp) results in high spectinomycin resistance. Additionally, a novel integrative and conjugative element encompassing a multidrug resistance spw_like-aadE-lnu(B)-lsa(E) cluster and a cadmium resistance operon were identified, suggesting a possible cause for the wide dissemination of spectinomycin resistance in S. suis.
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