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Kakooza S, Eneku W, Nabatta E, Wampande EM, Ssajjakambwe P, Wanyana M, Munyiirwa DFN, Ndoboli D, Namuyinda D, Athieno G, Kayaga E, Okwasiimire R, Tsuchida S, Ushida K, Sakurai K, Mutebi F. Integrating multi-wet laboratory diagnostics to study staphylococci in animals in Uganda. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:298. [PMID: 39127665 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several diagnostic environments in Uganda lack real-time, robust and high-throughput technologies for comprehensive typing of microbes, which is a setback to infectious disease surveillance. This study combined various wet laboratory diagnostics to understand the epidemiology of pathogenic staphylococci isolated from animals in Uganda and the implications for global health security priorities. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted employing records and pathogenic staphylococci (from animals) archived at the Central Diagnostic Laboratory (CDL), Makerere University, Uganda, between January 2012 and December 2019. The bacteria were speciated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and tested for virulence factors [beta lactamases, lecithinase, deoxyribonuclease (DNase), haemolysins] and resistance to ten antimicrobials of clinical and veterinary relevance. Tetracycline and methicillin resistance genes were also tested. RESULTS The prevalent diseases were mastitis in cattle and skin infections in dogs. Of the 111 staphylococci tested by MALDI-TOF MS, 79 (71.2%) were Staphylococcus aureus, 27 (24.3%) were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and 5 (4.5%) were Staphylococcus schleiferi. All these strains expressed haemolysins. The prevalence of strains with lecithinase, penicillinase, cephalosporinase and DNase was 35.9% (14/39), 89.7% (35/39), 0.0% (0/39) and 87.2% (34/39), respectively. Staphylococci were primarily resistant to early penicillins (over 80%), tetracycline (57.7%), and chloramphenicol (46.2%). Minimal resistance was noted with cloxacillin (0.0%), ciprofloxacin (9.6%), and cefoxitin (3.8%). The prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) was 78.8% for general staphylococci, 82.2% for S. aureus, 73.1% for S. pseudintermedius, and 60.0% for S. schleiferi. Multidrug resistant staphylococci were significantly more prevalent in the cattle isolates than in the dog isolates (P < 0.05). The prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) tested by resistance to cefoxitin and mecA carriage was 3.8%. These four strains were all isolated from dog skin infections. The tetK gene was the most predominant (35.4%), followed by tetM (25.0%). CONCLUSION In resource-constrained settings, the approach of integrated diagnostics promises sustainable disease surveillance and the addressing of current capacity gaps. The emergence of MRS (zoonotic bacteria) in companion animals creates a likelihood of reduced treatment options for related human infections, a threat to global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Kakooza
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary medicine, Animal resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Wilfred Eneku
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinics and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Bio-Security Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Esther Nabatta
- National Animal Disease Diagnostic and Epidemiology Centre, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Eddie M Wampande
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinics and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Bio-Security Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Paul Ssajjakambwe
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinics and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Bio-Security Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mariam Wanyana
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary medicine, Animal resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Damien F N Munyiirwa
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary medicine, Animal resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dickson Ndoboli
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary medicine, Animal resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dorcus Namuyinda
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary medicine, Animal resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Grace Athieno
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary medicine, Animal resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edrine Kayaga
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary medicine, Animal resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rodney Okwasiimire
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary medicine, Animal resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sayaka Tsuchida
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Biotechnolorere University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ushida
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Biotechnolorere University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ken'ichi Sakurai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Teikyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Francis Mutebi
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary medicine, Animal resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Hutu I, Lungu BC, Spataru II, Torda I, Iancu T, Barrow PA, Mircu C. Microbiological and Molecular Investigation of Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Western Romanian Dairy Farms: An Epidemiological Approach. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2266. [PMID: 39123792 PMCID: PMC11311086 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial therapy is the most frequently used medical intervention for bovine mastitis in the dairy industry. This study aims to monitor the extent of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) problem in Staphylococcus aureus in the dairy industry in Western Romania. Twenty farms were selected by random sampling in a transverse epidemiological study conducted across four counties in Western Romania and divided into livestock units. This study assessed the association between the resistance genes to phenotypic expression of resistance and susceptibility. Isolates of S. aureus were identified and q-PCR reactions were used to detect antibiotic resistance genes. One hundred and fifty bovine and 20 human samples were positive for S. aureus. Twenty five percent of bovine isolates (30/120) and none(0/30) of the human isolates were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). All isolates were susceptible to fosfomycin, ciprofloxacin, netilmicin, and resistant to ampicillin and penicillin. S. aureus isolates regarded as phenotypically resistant (R) were influenced by the origin of the samples (human versus bovine, χ2 = 36.510, p = 0.013), whether they were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (χ2 = 108.891, p < 0.000), the county (χ2 = 103.282, p < 0.000) and farm of isolation (χ2 = 740.841, p < 0.000), but not by the size of the farm (χ2 = 65.036, p = 0.306). The multiple antibiotic resistance index was calculated for each sample as the number regarded as phenotypically resistant (R)/total antibiotics tested (MARI = 0.590 ± 0.023) was significantly higher (p < 0.000) inmethicillin-resistant S. aureus (0.898 ± 0.019) than non-methicillin-resistant S. aureus (0.524 ± 0.024) isolates. For the antibiotics tested, the total penetrance (P%) of the resistance genes was 59%, 83% for blaZ, 56% for cfr, 50% for erm(B), 53% for erm(C), 57% for mecA and 32% for tet(K). Penetrance can be used as a parameter for guidance towards a more accurate targeting of chemotherapy. P% in S. aureus was strongly positively correlated with the multiple antibiotic resistance index (r = +0.878, p < 0.000) with the potential to use the same limit value as an antibiotic management decision criterion. Considering cow mastitis, the penetrance value combined with the multiple antibiotic resistance index suggests that penetrance could serve as a useful parameter for more precise targeting of chemotherapy for S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Hutu
- “Horia Cernescu” Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “Regele Mihai I”, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.H.); (B.C.L.); (I.I.S.); (I.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Bianca Cornelia Lungu
- “Horia Cernescu” Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “Regele Mihai I”, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.H.); (B.C.L.); (I.I.S.); (I.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Ioana Irina Spataru
- “Horia Cernescu” Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “Regele Mihai I”, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.H.); (B.C.L.); (I.I.S.); (I.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Iuliu Torda
- “Horia Cernescu” Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “Regele Mihai I”, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.H.); (B.C.L.); (I.I.S.); (I.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Tiberiu Iancu
- Faculty of Agricultural Management, University of Life Sciences “Regele Mihai I”, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Paul Andrew Barrow
- “Horia Cernescu” Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “Regele Mihai I”, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.H.); (B.C.L.); (I.I.S.); (I.T.); (C.M.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Rd., Guildford GU2 7AL, UK
| | - Calin Mircu
- “Horia Cernescu” Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “Regele Mihai I”, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.H.); (B.C.L.); (I.I.S.); (I.T.); (C.M.)
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Hasegawa Y, Akita T, Kuchibiro T, Miyoshi-Akiyama T, Tomida J, Kutsuna R, Mori R, Okuno M, Ogura Y, Kawamura Y. Streptococcus suis subsp. hashimotonensis subsp. nov.: Lancefield group A antigen-positive organisms isolated from human clinical specimens and wild boar oral cavity samples. Syst Appl Microbiol 2024; 47:126538. [PMID: 39053043 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2024.126538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Three Streptococcus suis-like strains positive for Lancefield antigen group A were isolated from human boar bite wounds and the oral cavities of boars in Hashimoto City, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated. Application of the VITEK2 system identified all three isolates as S. suis with > 94 % probability. The isolates were assigned to S. suis based on the results of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis (Biotyper score of 2.382) but were differentiated according to the characteristic signal peaks (4709 m/z and 9420 m/z) that were not present for S. suis. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA and sodA genes determined that the isolates were similar to S. suis; however, these genes appeared on a phylogenetic sub-branch. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole chromosomal DNA showed that the isolate formed a cluster with S. suis but with clear divergence. The average nucleotide index using BLAST between the clinical isolate (PAGU 2482) and a closely related reference strain of S. suis was 94.75 %, which was not clearly conclusive; however, digital DNA-DNA hybridization showed a value of 61.2 %. Biochemical reactions, including those with acid phosphatase, α-chymotrypsin, and tagatose (acidification), distinguished our isolates from S. suis. Thus, based on phylogenetic, genomic, and phenotypic characteristics and MALDI-TOF-MS signal patterns, we propose that the isolate with Lancefield group A positive characteristics be designated as a novel subspecies, Streptococcus suis subsp. hashimotonensis subsp. nov., with the type strain PAGU 2482T (GTC 18290T = CCUG 77434T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hasegawa
- LSI Medience Laboratory, Hashimoto Municipal Hospital, 2-8-1 Ominedai, Hashimoto, Wakayama 648-0005, Japan
| | - Toyokazu Akita
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hashimoto Municipal Hospital, 2-8-1 Ominedai, Hashimoto, Wakayama 648-0005, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kuchibiro
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Naga Municipal Hospital, 1282 Uchita, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6414, Japan
| | - Tohru Miyoshi-Akiyama
- Pathogenic Microbe Laboratory, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Junko Tomida
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Ryo Kutsuna
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Ryota Mori
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Miki Okuno
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Ogura
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kawamura
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan.
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TSUYUKI Y, MAEDA T, TORII K, YOSHIDA H, IKEDA N, YOSHIDA S, ITO M, GOTO M, TAKAHASHI T. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Streptococcus uberis isolates from bovine milk in Chiba prefecture, Japan: association between multidrug resistance and clonal complex 996. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:468-473. [PMID: 38569837 PMCID: PMC11144525 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is one of major pathogens causing bovine mastitis. However, there is poor information on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among the Japanese isolates. To provide treatment information for the mastitis caused by S. uberis in Japan, we aimed to clarify AMR patterns of the isolates from bovine milk mainly in Chiba. AMR phenotyping/genotyping [blaZ-erm(A)-erm(B)-mef(A)-linB-lnuD-tet(M)-tet(O)-tet(K)-tet(L)-tet(S)] and multilocus sequence typing were performed to analyze relationships between AMR patterns and clonal complexes (CCs). Resistance to tetracycline-, macrolide-, and lincosamide-classes was mainly associated with possession of tet(O), tet(S), erm(B), linB, and lnuD genes. CC996 was significantly associated with multidrug resistance (P<0.0001). These findings will aid Chiba farm animal clinics in treating bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo TSUYUKI
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Sanritsu Zelkova Veterinary Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
- Matsuoka Research Institute for Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro MAEDA
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kae TORII
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Sanritsu Zelkova Veterinary Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruno YOSHIDA
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriaki IKEDA
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Obihiro Clinical Laboratory, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Saki YOSHIDA
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Obihiro Clinical Laboratory, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahiko ITO
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mieko GOTO
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi TAKAHASHI
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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Cagnoli G, Di Paolo A, Bertelloni F, Salvucci S, Buccioni A, Marzoni Fecia di Cossato M, Ebani VV. Occurrence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Enterococcus spp. in Healthy Chickens Never Exposed to Antimicrobial Agents in Central Italy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:417. [PMID: 38786145 PMCID: PMC11117291 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are part of the natural flora of the gastrointestinal tract of mammals, including humans, birds and invertebrates. They can cause infection, mainly among hospitalized patients, as well as acquire and transfer antimicrobial resistance genes. The present study allowed the isolation of 98 Enterococcus (73.47% E. faecium, 23.47% E. faecalis, 3.06% E. avium) strains from 120-day-old healthy chickens that had never been treated with antimicrobials. Their antimicrobial resistance was evaluated by the agar disk diffusion method; high-level aminoglycoside (streptomycin and gentamicin) and vancomycin resistance were established using the microbroth dilution method. The highest percentages of resistant isolates were detected with quinupristin-dalfopristin (88.78%), rifampicin (64.29%), tetracyclines (45.92%), and enrofloxacin (41.84%). High percentages of susceptible strains were found with teicoplanin (100%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (97.96%), nitrofurantoin (94.90%), ampicillin (92.86%), chloramphenicol (90.82%), and linezolid (88.78%). About 60% of the strains were classified as MDR (multidrug-resistant). Moreover, PCR was carried out to investigate genes encoding for tetracyclines resistance determinants: tet(M), tet(L), tet(O), tet(K), and Int-Tn. Genes were detected in 68 (69.38%) strains: 36 were shown to be resistant with the agar disk diffusion method, while 28 were intermediate, and 2 were susceptible. The present study showed that chickens never treated with antimicrobials potentially harbor enterococci having phenotypic and genotypic characters of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cagnoli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (A.D.P.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
| | - Alessia Di Paolo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (A.D.P.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Bertelloni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (A.D.P.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sonia Salvucci
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (A.D.P.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Piazzale Delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy;
| | - Margherita Marzoni Fecia di Cossato
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (A.D.P.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (A.D.P.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Delettre N, Billion E, Guyonnet C, Jarreau PH, Patkaï J, Tazi A. Outbreak of group B Streptococcus in a neonatal care unit confirmed by whole-genome sequencing. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:947-954. [PMID: 38183311 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
AIM Clusters of group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) are poorly documented. We aimed to assess GBS cross-transmission during an outbreak of GBS sepsis. METHODS The study was carried out between October and November 2021 in a French University Hospital. Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients with GBS sepsis were included. Clinical data were retrieved from electronic patient records. Group B Streptococcus isolates were characterized at the molecular level using capsular genotyping and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). RESULTS The outbreak of GBS sepsis affected three very preterm neonates with a gestational age of less than 26 weeks, including one recurrent male index case aged 26 days, and two female secondary cases aged 5 and 17 days. The microbiological investigation identified a GBS isolate of capsular type III and Sequence Type 17 as responsible for the four infectious episodes. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed the identity between the isolates. The outbreak and the results of the microbiological investigations led to an immediate reinforcement of hygiene measures. CONCLUSION Clustered cases of GBS infections in NICU and horizontal transmission of the hypervirulent GBS Sequence Type 17 are likely underestimated. Prospective investigation of all nosocomial cases using WGS should contribute to improving vigilance regarding GBS cross-transmission and infection prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Delettre
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Billion
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Centre Université Paris Cité, Service de Médecine et Réanimation néonatales de Port-Royal, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Guyonnet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Centre Université Paris Cité, Service de Bactériologie, Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, Paris, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universtaire Préma (Fighting Prematurity), Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Jarreau
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Centre Université Paris Cité, Service de Médecine et Réanimation néonatales de Port-Royal, Paris, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universtaire Préma (Fighting Prematurity), Paris, France
| | - Juliana Patkaï
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Centre Université Paris Cité, Service de Médecine et Réanimation néonatales de Port-Royal, Paris, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universtaire Préma (Fighting Prematurity), Paris, France
| | - Asmaa Tazi
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Centre Université Paris Cité, Service de Bactériologie, Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, Paris, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universtaire Préma (Fighting Prematurity), Paris, France
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Yoshida H, Takayama Y, Goto M, Maeda T, Tsuyuki Y, Takahashi T. Human Keratinocyte Entry of Noninvasive Streptococcus dysgalactiae Subsp. equisimilis from Humans and Companion Animals: Relatedness with Lancefield Group, Source, Virulence-Associated Genes, and Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotype. Jpn J Infect Dis 2024; 77:25-33. [PMID: 37779027 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the cell invasion ability (CIA) of non-invasive Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis using human keratinocytes and determined the association of CIA populations with their hosts and microbiological traits. Forty-two isolates from humans and companion animals were selected with host information. In addition to CIA, virulence-associated gene (VAG, spegg-ska-scpA-inlA-sicG-brpA-prtF1-prtF2-lmb-cbp-srtp1-srtp2) profiling, emm genotyping, multilocus sequence typing, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotyping/genotyping were performed. We designated CIA values higher than the mean of all isolates as high-frequency and those lower than the mean as low-frequency. Differences in the CIA between the different sources and Lancefield groups were assessed. We analyzed the association between high- and low-frequency CIA and VAG, emm genotype, sequence type/clonal complex, and AMR phenotype/genotype. Based on the mean (19.368 colony-forming units/100 cells) of 42 isolates, eight isolates had high-frequency CIA, whereas 34 had low-frequency CIA. We found an association between low-frequency CIA population and group G isolates, as well as a link between high-frequency CIA population and group C isolates. We also observed associations between low-frequency CIA population and oral/respiratory tract origin, ska, scpA, and lmb detection, and the AMR phenotype. Our observations suggest potential associations between high-/low-frequency CIA and the group, source, VAG, and AMR phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruno Yoshida
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Takayama
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Byotai-Seiri Laboratory, Japan
| | - Mieko Goto
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Yuzo Tsuyuki
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Sanritsu Zelkova Veterinary Laboratory, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
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Petrocchi Rilo M, Gutiérrez Martín CB, Acebes Fernández V, Aguarón Turrientes Á, González Fernández A, Miguélez Pérez R, Martínez Martínez S. Streptococcus suis Research Update: Serotype Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Distribution in Swine Isolates Recovered in Spain from 2020 to 2022. Vet Sci 2024; 11:40. [PMID: 38250946 PMCID: PMC10819597 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to update the Streptococcus suis serotype distribution in Spain by analysing 302 clinical isolates recovered from diseased pigs between 2020 and 2022. The main objectives were to identify prevalent serotypes, differentiate specific serotypes 1, 14, 2, and 1/2, investigate specific genotypic and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance features, and explore associations between resistance genes and phenotypic resistances. Serotypes 9 (21.2%), 1 (16.2%), 2 (15.6%), 3 (6%), and 7 (5.6%) were the most prevalent, whereas serotypes 14 and 1/2 corresponded with 4.3% and 0.7% of all isolates. Antimicrobial resistance genes, including tet(O), erm(B), lnu(B), lsa(E), tet(M), and mef(A/E), were analysed, which were present in 85.8%, 65.2%, 7%, 7%, 6.3%, and 1% of the samples, respectively. Susceptibility testing for 18 antimicrobials revealed high resistance levels, particularly for clindamycin (88.4%), chlortetracycline (89.4%), and sulfadimethoxine (94.4%). Notably, seven significant associations (p < 0.0001) were detected, correlating specific antimicrobial resistance genes to the observed phenotypic resistance. These findings contribute to understanding the S. suis serotype distribution and its antibiotic resistance profiles in Spain, offering valuable insights for veterinary and public health efforts in managing S. suis-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máximo Petrocchi Rilo
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.R.); (C.B.G.M.); (V.A.F.); (A.G.F.); (R.M.P.)
| | - César Bernardo Gutiérrez Martín
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.R.); (C.B.G.M.); (V.A.F.); (A.G.F.); (R.M.P.)
| | - Vanessa Acebes Fernández
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.R.); (C.B.G.M.); (V.A.F.); (A.G.F.); (R.M.P.)
| | | | - Alba González Fernández
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.R.); (C.B.G.M.); (V.A.F.); (A.G.F.); (R.M.P.)
| | - Rubén Miguélez Pérez
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.R.); (C.B.G.M.); (V.A.F.); (A.G.F.); (R.M.P.)
| | - Sonia Martínez Martínez
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.R.); (C.B.G.M.); (V.A.F.); (A.G.F.); (R.M.P.)
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9
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Gutiérrez-Martín CB. Detection of Macrolide and/or Tetracycline Genetic Resistance Determinants by PCR. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2815:73-78. [PMID: 38884911 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3898-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Globally, the main molecular trials being developed to study the genetic determinants responsible for conferring resistance to bacterial organisms are amplification-based methods, hybridization-based methods, and sequence-based methods. In the specific case of Streptococcus suis, polymerase chain reaction is the only test tuned up until now for detecting resistant clinical isolates to macrolides and/or tetracyclines, the two main groups of antibiotics being ineffective against this human and animal pathogen.
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10
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Bobrek K, Gaweł A. Antimicrobial Resistance of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Strains Isolated from Geese to Antimicrobials Widely Used in Veterinary Medicine. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1339. [PMID: 37627759 PMCID: PMC10451561 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance of E. rhusiopathiae when isolated from clinical outbreaks of erysipelas in geese to antimicrobials commonly used in poultry production. All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin alone or with clavulanic acid, with MIC values ranging from 0.016 to 0.125 μg/mL. Ninety-six percent of isolates were fully sensitive to penicillin G (MIC 0.125-0.5 μg/mL). All isolates were fully or moderately sensitive to erythromycin (MIC 0.125-0.5 μg/mL). Most E. rhusiopathiae isolates proved resistant to fluoroquinolones (76.6% of isolates were resistant to enrofloxacin, with MIC values ranging from 0.064 to 32 μg/mL, and 68% were resistant to norfloxacin, with MIC values ranging from 0.094 to 96 μg/mL), and tetracyclines (61.7% of isolates were resistant to doxycycline, with MIC values ranging from 0.25 to 64 μg/mL, and 63.8% were resistant to tetracycline, with MIC values ranging from 0.38 to 256 μg/mL). Point mutations in the gyrA gene (responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance) and the presence of the tetM gene (responsible for tetracycline resistance) were noted in most of the resistant isolates. Multidrug resistance, defined as resistance to at least one substance in three or more antimicrobial classes, was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrzej Gaweł
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland;
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Plainvert C, Matuschek E, Dmytruk N, Gaillard M, Frigo A, Ballaa Y, Biesaga E, Kahlmeter G, Poyart C, Tazi A. Microbiological Epidemiology of Invasive Infections Due to Non-Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci, France, 2021. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0016023. [PMID: 37199642 PMCID: PMC10269528 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00160-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-beta-hemolytic streptococci (NBHS), also referred to as viridans streptococci, represent an underestimated cause of human invasive diseases. Their resistance to antibiotics, including beta-lactam agents, often complicate their therapeutic management. A prospective multicenter study was conducted by the French National Reference Center for Streptococci between March and April 2021 to describe the clinical and microbiological epidemiology of invasive infections due to NBHS, excluding pneumococcus. A total of 522 NBHS invasive cases were collected. Distribution among streptococcal groups was: Streptococcus anginosus (33%), Streptococcus mitis (28%), Streptococcus sanguinis (16%), Streptococcus bovis/equinus (15%), Streptococcus salivarius (8%), and Streptococcus mutans (<1%). Median age of infection was 68 years old (range <1 day to 100 years). Cases were more frequent in male patients (gender ratio M/F 2.1:1) and manifested mainly as bacteremia without focus (46%), intra-abdominal infections (18%) and endocarditis (11%). All isolates were susceptible to glycopeptides and displayed low-level inherent gentamicin resistance. All isolates of the S. bovis/equinus, S. anginosus, and S. mutans groups were susceptible to beta-lactams. Conversely, nonsusceptibility to beta-lactams was found in 31%, 28%, and 52% of S. mitis, S. salivarius, and S. sanguinis isolates, respectively. The screening for beta-lactam resistance using the recommended one unit benzylpenicillin disk screening failed to detect 21% of resistant isolates (21/99). Last, overall resistance rates to the alternative anti-streptococcal molecules clindamycin and moxifloxacin were 29% (149/522) and 1.6% (8/505), respectively. IMPORTANCE NBHS are recognized as opportunistic pathogens particularly involved in infections of the elderly and immunocompromised patients. This study underlines their importance as common causes of severe and difficult-to-treat infections such as endocarditis. Although species of the S. anginosus and S. bovis/equinus groups remain constantly susceptible to beta-lams, resistance in oral streptococci exceeds 30% and screening techniques are not fully reliable. Therefore, accurate species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by MICs determination appears essential for the treatment of NBHS invasive infections, together with continued epidemiological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Plainvert
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre Site Cochin, Service de Bactériologie, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Dmytruk
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre Site Cochin, Service de Bactériologie, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, Paris, France
| | - Marine Gaillard
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre Site Cochin, Service de Bactériologie, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Frigo
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre Site Cochin, Service de Bactériologie, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, Paris, France
| | - Yassine Ballaa
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre Site Cochin, Service de Bactériologie, Paris, France
| | - Eddy Biesaga
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre Site Cochin, Service de Bactériologie, Paris, France
| | - Gunnar Kahlmeter
- EUCAST Development Laboratory, Växjö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Claire Poyart
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre Site Cochin, Service de Bactériologie, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Asmaa Tazi
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre Site Cochin, Service de Bactériologie, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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12
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Fadeyi TE, Oyedemi OT, Awe OO, Ayeni F. Antibiotic use in infants within the first year of life is associated with the appearance of antibiotic-resistant genes in their feces. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15015. [PMID: 37214087 PMCID: PMC10194068 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic resistance, an increasing challenge, is not only a national threat but also a global threat. Carriage of resistance genes is not limited to adults alone, various microbiota niches present in the body system of children have been found to harbor bacteria carrying resistant genes, especially, their gut microbiota. This study aims to identify selected antibiotic-resistant genes from the fecal samples of infants and the association of antibiotics use with the occurrence of resistant genes in the infant's gut. Methods A total number of 172 metagenomic DNA samples previously extracted from stool samples of 28 Nigerian babies longitudinally within their first year of life were screened for the presence of ESBL genes (blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M), PMQR genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qepA), ribosomal protection protein tetracycline resistance gene, (RPP) β-lactamase (blaZ), macrolide (ermA, ermB, mefA/E), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes gentR (aac(6')/aph(2″)) and dfrA genes by PCR. Nineteen (19) of the 28 babies used antibiotics during the study. The association between antibiotic use by the babies within the first year of life and occurrence of resistant genes were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation. Results One hundred and twenty-two (122) samples (71%) out of the 172 isolates had antibiotic-resistance genes. PMQR genes were absent in all the samples. Three isolates had blaTEM gene, nine isolates had blaSHV gene, six isolates had blaCTX-M gene and 19 isolates had dfrA gene, 31 samples had tet gene, 29 samples had mef gene, 27 samples had ermB gene, four samples had ermA gene, 13 samples had blaZ gene and 16 samples had aac gene. The babies whose samples had resistant genes used antibiotics in the same months the samples were collected. Interestingly, the 11 babies whose samples had the dfrA gene all used antibiotics in the same months their samples were collected but none of them used trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole antibiotic. The overall correlation matrix of the babies showed a strong association between antibiotic use (AU) and antibiotic use presence of resistance genes (AUPRG) with a coefficient of 0.89. Antibiotic-resistant genes are present in the gut of infants and their occurrence is strongly connected with antibiotic use by infants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olushina Olawale Awe
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific Computing (IMECC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Sherif AH, Kassab AS. Multidrug-resistant Aeromonas bacteria prevalence in Nile tilapia broodstock. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:80. [PMID: 36959570 PMCID: PMC10037768 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogen. Thus, it has received significant attention mainly in the fish sectors with high production scales. Nile tilapia broodstock confined in the environment of fish hatcheries can be stressed. Hence, they are vulnerable to A. hydrophila. RESULTS Sequencing of the gyr B gene revealed the presence of 18 different A. hydrophila strains (kdy 10,620-10,637), which were deposited in the NCBI under accession numbers ON745861-ON745878. The median lethal doses of the isolates ranged from 2.62 × 104 to 3.02 × 106 CFU/mL. Antibiotic resistant genes, sulfonamide (sul1) and tetracycline (tetA) were found in the eighteen isolates. Approximately 83.3% of A. hydrophila strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and florfenicol. Further, eight A. hydrophila strains had high MDR indices at 0.27-0.45. All isolates presented with hemolysin activity. However, only 72.22% of them had proteolytic activity, and only 61.11% could form biofilms. Bacterial isolates harbored different pattern virulence genes, the heat-stable cytotonic enterotoxin (ast), cytotoxic enterotoxin (act), and hemolysin (hly) genes were the most prevalent. Also, a trial to inhibit bacterial growth was conducted using titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) with three sizes (13, 32, and 123 nm). If A. hydrophila strains with a high MDR index were tested against TiO2 NPs (20 µg/mL) for 1, 12, and 24 h, those with a small size had a greater bactericidal action than large ones. Bacterial strains were inhibited at different percentages in response to TiO2 NP treatment. CONCLUSIONS Nile tilapia broodstock, mortality is associated with different A. hydrophila strains, which harbored virulent and MDR genes. Furthermore, TiO2 NPs had bactericidal activity, thereby resulting in a considerable reduction in bacterial load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Sherif
- Fish Disease Department, Animal Health Research Institute AHRI, Agriculture Research Center ARC, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Amina S Kassab
- Fish Disease Department, Animal Health Research Institute AHRI, Agriculture Research Center ARC, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Dec M, Łagowski D, Nowak T, Pietras-Ożga D, Herman K. Serotypes, Antibiotic Susceptibility, Genotypic Virulence Profiles and SpaA Variants of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Strains Isolated from Pigs in Poland. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030409. [PMID: 36986331 PMCID: PMC10058941 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains isolated from diseased pigs in Poland and comparison of the SpaA (Surface protective antigen A) sequence of wild-type strains with the sequence of the R32E11 vaccine strain. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was assessed using the broth microdilution method. Resistance genes, virulence genes, and serotype determinants were detected using PCR. The gyrA and spaA amplicons were sequenced to determine nonsynonymous mutations. The E. rhusiopathiae isolates (n = 14) represented serotypes 1b (42.8%), 2 (21.4%), 5 (14.3%), 6 (7.1%), 8 (7.1%), and N (7.1%). All strains were susceptible to β-lactams, macrolides and florfenicol. One isolate showed resistance to lincosamides and tiamulin, and most strains were resistant to tetracycline and enrofloxacin. High MIC values of gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, trimethoprim, trimethoprim/sulfadiazine, and rifampicin were recorded for all isolates. Phenotypic resistance was correlated with the presence of the tetM, int-Tn, lasE, and lnuB genes. Resistance to enrofloxacin was due to a mutation in the gyrA gene. All strains contained the spaA gene and several other genes putatively involved in pathogenesis (nanH.1, nanH.2, intl, sub, hlyA, fbpA, ERH_1356, cpsA, algI, rspA and rspB) Seven variants of the SpaA protein were found in the tested strains, and a relationship between the structure of SpaA and the serotype was noted. E. rhusiopathiae strains occurring in pigs in Poland are diverse in terms of serotype and SpaA variant and differ antigenically from the R32E11 vaccine strain. Beta-lactam antibiotics, macrolides, or phenicols should be the first choice for treatment of swine erysipelas in Poland. However, due to the small number of tested strains, this conclusion should be approached with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dec
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-445-60-32
| | - Dominik Łagowski
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nowak
- Diagnostic Veterinary Laboratory Vet-Lab Brudzew Dr. Piotr Kwieciński, Department of Molecular Biology, 62-720 Brudzew, Poland
| | - Dorota Pietras-Ożga
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Herman
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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National Surveillance of Tetracycline, Erythromycin, and Clindamycin Resistance in Invasive Streptococcus pyogenes: A Retrospective Study of the Situation in Spain, 2007-2020. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010099. [PMID: 36671301 PMCID: PMC9854882 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This work reports on antimicrobial resistance data for invasive Streptococcus pyogenes in Spain, collected by the 'Surveillance Program for Invasive Group A Streptococcus', in 2007-2020. METHODS emm typing was determined by sequencing. Susceptibility to penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin was determined via the E-test. tetM, tetO, msrD, mefA, ermB, ermTR, and ermT were sought by PCR. Macrolide-resistant phenotypes (M, cMLSB, and iMLSB) were detected using the erythromycin-clindamycin double-disk test. Resistant clones were identified via their emm type, multilocus sequence type (ST), resistance genotype, and macrolide resistance phenotype. RESULTS Penicillin susceptibility was universal. Tetracycline resistance was recorded for 237/1983 isolates (12.0%) (152 carried only tetM, 48 carried only tetO, and 33 carried both). Erythromycin resistance was detected in 172/1983 isolates (8.7%); ermB was present in 83, mefA in 58, msrD in 51, ermTR in 46, and ermT in 36. Clindamycin resistance (methylase-mediated) was present in 78/1983 isolates (3.9%). Eight main resistant clones were identified: two that were tetracycline-resistant only (emm22/ST46/tetM and emm77/ST63/tetO), three that were erythromycin-resistant only (emm4/ST39/mefA-msrD/M, emm12/ST36/mefA-msrD/M, and emm28/ST52/ermB/cMLSB), and three that were tetracycline-erythromycin co-resistant (emm11/ST403/tetM-ermB/cMLSB, emm77/ST63/tetO-ermTR/iMLSB, and emm77/ST63/tetM-tetO-ermTR/iMLSB). CONCLUSIONS Tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin resistance rates declined between 2007 and 2020. Temporal variations in the proportion of resistant clones determined the change in resistance rates.
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Maeda T, Takayama Y, Goto M, Yoshida H, Fujita T, Tsuyuki Y, Takahashi T. Biofilm production ability of <i>Streptococcus dysgalactiae</i> subsp. <i>equisimilis</i>: relatedness with host, Lancefield group, source, clonal complex, and virulence-associated gene. Jpn J Infect Dis 2022; 76:135-144. [PMID: 36450577 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2022.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the biofilm production ability (BPA) of noninvasive Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) in humans and companion animals and determined the relationship between bacterial populations with BPA and other host and microbiological features. Sixty-four isolates from companion animals and humans were collected along with host information. We measured BPA using crystal violet staining, in addition to emm typing, multilocus sequence typing, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotyping/genotyping, and virulence-associated gene (VAG) detecting (prtF1-prtF2-lmb-cbp-sicG-srtp1-srtp2-brpA). Differences in the BPA of SDSE from different hosts and sources and different Lancefield groups were assessed. We analyzed the associations between populations with and without BPA (strong, moderate, weak, and no biofilm producers) and emm types, sequence types/clonal complexes (CCs), AMR phenotypes/genotypes, and VAG types. Seventeen, twenty-four, and twelve isolates were strong, moderate, and weak biofilm producers, respectively; eleven showed no BPA. There was a difference in the distribution of populations with BPA between human and animal origins and between isolates of groups G and C. We found an association between populations with BPA and the eye and ear source (vs. the pus and skin source). A relationship was observed between the populations with BPA and CC127 (vs. CC17). We observed no association between the populations with BPA and AMR phenotype/genotype. There was an association between the distribution of populations with BPA and srtp1 expression. Our observations suggest potential associations between populations with BPA and the host species, Lancefield group, source, CC, and VAG type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Maeda
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Takayama
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Mieko Goto
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Haruno Yoshida
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fujita
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Yuzo Tsuyuki
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
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Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes in Staphylococci Isolated from Aviary Capercaillies and Free-living Birds in South-eastern Poland. J Vet Res 2022; 66:361-372. [PMID: 36349137 PMCID: PMC9597931 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current study characterises Staphylococcus bacteria recovered from dead free-living birds and captive capercaillies kept in south-eastern Poland. The results provide novel information about the antimicrobial resistance phenotype/genotype and the virulence profile of these bacteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS Samples of internal organs were taken from dead birds. Staphylococcus strains were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Susceptibility to 13 antibiotics was tested using a standard disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. All isolates were screened for the presence of antibiotic resistance genes and staphylococcal enterotoxins (A to E), toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, exfoliative toxins A and B and Panton-Valentine leukocidin. RESULTS A total of 129 bacterial strains belonging to 19 species of the Staphylococcus genus were isolated. A relatively high percentage of them resisted fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides and β-lactams to a significant degree and harboured the tetK, tetM, ermC, mphC and mecA genes. Strains of the coagulase-negative S. sciuri, S. xylosus and S. cohnii were isolated with genes encoding enterotoxin A and toxic shock syndrome toxin. CONCLUSION Both coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from aviary capercaillies and free-living birds have significant pathogenic potential, and greater attention must be paid to the coagulase-negative species, which are still often considered mere contaminants. Virulence factors associated with resistance to antimicrobials, this being multiple in some strains, seem most important because they can be easily transferred between animals, especially those living in a given area.
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Kurita G, Tsuyuki Y, Shibata S, Goto M, Maeda T, Yoshida H, Takahashi T. Genotypic and phenotypic features of eye-origin Streptococcus canis isolates from dogs in 2021: relatedness with clonal complex 46 and antimicrobial resistance. Jpn J Infect Dis 2022; 75:583-591. [PMID: 35908873 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2022.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Eye (including cornea) and ear canal are major sources of Streptococcus canis in companion animal practice. We aimed to clarify genotypic and phenotypic features of the eye-origin isolates in 2021 compared to ear-origin isolates in 2021 and eye-origin isolates in 2017. Of the 102 isolates in 2021, nine eye-origin isolates were enrolled, whereas twenty-one ear-origin isolates in 2021 and thirteen eye-origin isolates in 2017 were included as controls. Genotypic analyses included virulence-associated gene (VAG; inl, sagA, slo, scp, lbp, fbp, gbp, ap1, fp1, and brp) profiling, S. canis M-like protein (SCM) allele typing, multilocus sequence typing, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genotyping: phenotypic analyses contained hemolytic activity (HA) measurement and AMR phenotyping. There was only one 2017-eye-origin isolate with high-level HA, while the others showed low-level HA. We observed no association of the 2021-eye-origin population with detection rate of each VAG. There was no association of the 2021-eye-origin population with main SCM allele 2. We found significant association of the 2021-eye-origin population with main clonal complex (CC) 46 containing sequence type (ST) 46/ST2. There was significant association of the 2021-eye-origin population with AMR phenotypes/genotypes. Our observations suggest the unique microbiological features (CC46 having AMR phenotypes/genotypes) among the 2021-eye-origin population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Kurita
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Omura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Yuzo Tsuyuki
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Omura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan.,Division of Clinical Laboratory, Sanritsu Zelkova Veterinary Laboratory, Japan
| | | | - Mieko Goto
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Omura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Omura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Haruno Yoshida
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Omura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Omura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
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Antimicrobial-Resistant Enterococcus spp. in Wild Avifauna from Central Italy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070852. [PMID: 35884106 PMCID: PMC9311988 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Enterococcus are opportunistic pathogens, part of the normal intestinal microflora of animals, able to acquire and transfer antimicrobial resistance genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible role of wild avifauna as a source of antimicrobial-resistant enterococci. To assess this purpose, 103 Enterococcus spp. strains were isolated from the feces of wild birds of different species; they were tested for antimicrobial resistance against 21 molecules, vancomycin resistance, and high-level aminoglycosides resistance (HLAR). Furthermore, genes responsible for vancomycin, tetracycline, and HLAR were searched. E. faecium was the most frequently detected species (60.20% of isolates), followed by E. faecalis (34.95% of isolates). Overall, 99.02% of the isolated enterococci were classified as multidrug-resistant, with 19.41% extensively drug-resistant, and 2.91% possible pan drug-resistant strains. Most of the isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (77.67%) and ampicillin (75.73%), with only 5.83% of isolates showing an ampicillin MIC ≥ 64 mg/L. HLAR was detected in 35.92% of isolates, mainly associated with the genes ant(6)-Ia and aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia. Few strains (4.85%) were resistant to vancomycin, and the genes vanA and vanB were not detected. A percentage of 54.37% of isolates showed resistance to tetracycline; tet(M) was the most frequently detected gene in these strains. Wild birds may contribute to the spreading of antimicrobial-resistant enterococci, which can affect other animals and humans. Constant monitoring is essential to face up to the evolving antimicrobial resistance issue, and monitoring programs should include wild avifauna, too.
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Phenotypic Adaptation to Antiseptics and Effects on Biofilm Formation Capacity and Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Early Colonizers in Dental Plaque. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050688. [PMID: 35625332 PMCID: PMC9137571 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the wide-spread use of antiseptics in dental practice and oral care products, there is little public awareness of potential risks associated with antiseptic resistance and potentially concomitant cross-resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate potential phenotypic adaptation in 177 clinical isolates of early colonizers of dental plaque (Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Rothia and Veillonella spp.) upon repeated exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) or cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) over 10 passages using a modified microdilution method. Stability of phenotypic adaptation was re-evaluated after culture in antiseptic-free nutrient broth for 24 or 72 h. Strains showing 8-fold minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)-increase were further examined regarding their biofilm formation capacity, phenotypic antibiotic resistance and presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Eight-fold MIC-increases to CHX were detected in four Streptococcus isolates. These strains mostly exhibited significantly increased biofilm formation capacity compared to their respective wild-type strains. Phenotypic antibiotic resistance was detected to tetracycline and erythromycin, consistent with the detected ARGs. In conclusion, this study shows that clinical isolates of early colonizers of dental plaque can phenotypically adapt toward antiseptics such as CHX upon repeated exposure. The underlying mechanisms at genomic and transcriptomic levels need to be investigated in future studies.
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Plainvert C, de Saint Salvy-Tabet Y, Dmytruk N, Frigo A, Poyart C, Tazi A. Group B Streptococcus invasive infections in women of childbearing age, France, 2012 - 2020 : GBS CC-17 hypervirulence in intrapartum infections. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:541-545. [PMID: 35235664 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of neonatal infections and an important pathogen in pregnancy. However, the features of pregnancy-associated infections are poorly reported. We analyzed 336 cases of GBS invasive infections in women aged 18 to 50 years old, including 242 (72.0%) pregnancy-associated infections. In pregnancy, most cases were intra-amniotic infections (55.8%), occurred preterm (61.3%) and were associated to obstetrical and neonatal complications (81.7%). The GBS clone CC-17 (18.8% of the cases) was overrepresented intrapartum (35.2%; OR = 5.1, 95% CI 1.6-19.3). This work highlights the burden of GBS and of the CC-17 clone infections during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Plainvert
- Department of Bacteriology, University Hospitals Paris Centre-Cochin, French National Reference Center for Streptococci, FHU Prematurity, Paris, 75014, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Cochin Hospital, Paris, 75014, France.,Cochin Institute, INSERM U1016, UMR CNRS 8104, Team Bacteria and Perinatality, Paris, 74014, France
| | - Yasmina de Saint Salvy-Tabet
- Department of Bacteriology, University Hospitals Paris Centre-Cochin, French National Reference Center for Streptococci, FHU Prematurity, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Nicolas Dmytruk
- Department of Bacteriology, University Hospitals Paris Centre-Cochin, French National Reference Center for Streptococci, FHU Prematurity, Paris, 75014, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Cochin Hospital, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Amandine Frigo
- Department of Bacteriology, University Hospitals Paris Centre-Cochin, French National Reference Center for Streptococci, FHU Prematurity, Paris, 75014, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Cochin Hospital, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Claire Poyart
- Department of Bacteriology, University Hospitals Paris Centre-Cochin, French National Reference Center for Streptococci, FHU Prematurity, Paris, 75014, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Cochin Hospital, Paris, 75014, France.,Cochin Institute, INSERM U1016, UMR CNRS 8104, Team Bacteria and Perinatality, Paris, 74014, France.,University of Paris, France
| | - Asmaa Tazi
- Department of Bacteriology, University Hospitals Paris Centre-Cochin, French National Reference Center for Streptococci, FHU Prematurity, Paris, 75014, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Cochin Hospital, Paris, 75014, France.,Cochin Institute, INSERM U1016, UMR CNRS 8104, Team Bacteria and Perinatality, Paris, 74014, France.,University of Paris, France
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Molecular Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Pneumococci among Ghanaian Children under Five Years Post PCV13 Using MLST. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020469. [PMID: 35208923 PMCID: PMC8879552 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in pneumococci contributes to the high pneumococcal deaths in children. We assessed the molecular characteristics of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pneumococci isolated from healthy vaccinated children under five years of age in Cape Coast, Ghana. A total of 43 MDR isolates were selected from 151 pneumococcal strains obtained from nasopharyngeal carriage. All isolates were previously serotyped by multiplex PCR and Quellung reaction. Susceptibility testing was performed using either the E-test or disk diffusion method. Virulence and antibiotic resistance genes were identified by PCR. Molecular epidemiology was analyzed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Vaccine-serotypes 23F and 19F were predominant. The lytA and pavB virulence genes were present in all isolates, whiles 14–86% of the isolates carried pilus-islets 1 and 2, pcpA, and psrP genes. Penicillin, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole resistance were evident in >90% of the isolates. The ermB, mefA, and tetM genes were detected in (n = 7, 16.3%), (n = 4, 9.3%) and (n = 43, 100%) of the isolates, respectively. However, >60% showed alteration in the pbp2b gene. MLST revealed five novel and six known sequence types (STs). ST156 (Spain9V-3) and ST802 were identified as international antibiotic-resistant clones. The emergence of international-MDR clones in Ghana requires continuous monitoring of the pneumococcus through a robust surveillance system.
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Ghamari M, Jabalameli F, Emaneini M, Beigverdi R. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis for genotyping of erythromycin-resistant group B streptococci in Iran. New Microbes New Infect 2022; 45:100957. [PMID: 35198219 PMCID: PMC8851280 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2022.100957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Group B Streptococcus (GBS or S. agalactiae) is an important pathogen causing severe invasive diseases in neonates, pregnant women, and adults with underlying medical conditions. Methods To investigate the incidence of resistance to macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin type B (MLSB) antibiotics, macrolide and tetracycline resistance determinants and genetic relationships, a total of 146 clinical isolates of GBS were collected from Tehran, Iran. The genetic relationships between erythromycin-resistant strains were determined by multilocus variable tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). Results All isolates were susceptible to penicillin, vancomycin, linezolid, and quinupristin–dalfopristin, but were resistant to tetracycline (96.6%, 141/146), erythromycin (28.1%, 41/146) and clindamycin (16.4%, 24/146). Among the 41 erythromycin-resistant GBS (ERGBS), the most common antimicrobial resistance gene was tetM detected in 92.7% (38/41) of the isolates followed by ermTR and ermB found in 65.8% (27/41) and 29.3% (12/41) of isolates, respectively. Of the 41 ERGBS, 95% (39/41) exhibited the constitutive MLSB phenotype, 2.4% (1/41) displayed inducible MLSB and 2.4% (1/41) had M phenotype. The erm methylase genes were widely related to MLSB phenotype isolates, while the mefA gene was associated with M phenotype. MLVA analysis performed on the 41 ERGBS revealed that 34 MLVA types (MTs). MLVA analysis showed that infections due to ERGBS have been caused by a variety of genotypes, suggesting that ERGBS were clonally unrelated and dissemination of these isolates was not due to a clonal outbreak. Conclusion Careful usage of macrolide antibiotics in therapy, continued surveillance of resistance rate and appropriate infection control measures can help to reduce spreading of resistance isolates.
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Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and Antimicrobial Residues in Wastewater and Surface Water. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121403. [PMID: 34947934 PMCID: PMC8706104 DOI: 10.3390/life11121403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the extensive use of antimicrobial agents in human and veterinary medicine, residues of various antimicrobials get into wastewater and, subsequently, surface water. On the one hand, a combination of processes in wastewater treatment plants aims to eliminate chemical and biological pollutants; on the other hand, this environment may create conditions suitable for the horizontal transfer of resistance genes and potential selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Wastewater and surface water samples (Morava River) were analyzed to determine the concentrations of 10 antibiotics and identify those exceeding so-called predicted no-effect environmental concentrations (PNECs). This study revealed that residues of five of the tested antimicrobials, namely ampicillin, clindamycin, tetracycline, tigecycline and vancomycin, in wastewater samples exceeded the PNEC. Vancomycin concentrations were analyzed with respect to the detected strains of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), in which the presence of resistance genes, virulence factors and potential relationship were analyzed. VRE were detected in 16 wastewater samples (11%) and two surface water samples (6%). The PNEC of vancomycin was exceed in 16% of the samples. Since the detected VRE did not correlate with the vancomycin concentrations, no direct relationship was confirmed between the residues of this antimicrobials and the presence of the resistant strains.
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Maeda T, Tsuyuki Y, Goto M, Yoshida H, Fujita T, Takahashi T. Dog/cat-origin quinolone-resistant Streptococcus agalactiae isolates with point mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions: Relatedness with clonal complex 10. J Infect Chemother 2021; 28:389-395. [PMID: 34848122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate dog/cat-origin quinolone-resistant Streptococcus agalactiae isolates with point mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) and to define the relatedness between quinolone-resistant isolates and their microbiological features of capsular genotype, sequence type (ST)/clonal complex (CC), and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene. METHODS With dog/cat-origin 22 isolates, type strain, and human-origin 6 isolates, we performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing by agar plate dilution method using levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. We also determined amino acid sequences in QRDRs of gyrA/gyrB/parC/parE genes and their point mutations. We conducted capsular genotyping, multilocus sequence typing, and AMR genotyping in our previous investigations. Correlations between quinolone-resistant population and their microbiological features were examined. RESULTS We found dog/cat-origin seven (31.8%) quinolone-resistant isolates harboring minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of levofloxacin 16-32 μg/mL, ciprofloxacin 32 μg/mL, and moxifloxacin 2-4 μg/mL: human three isolates indicated MICs of levofloxacin 16-64 μg/mL, ciprofloxacin 32 μg/mL, and moxifloxacin 2-16 μg/mL. Point mutations Ser81Leu in gyrA and Ser79Phe/Ser79Tyr/Asp83Asn/Gly128Asp in parC were observed among these resistant isolates: mutations Leu495Ile/Val503Ile in parE was found among quinolone-nonresistant isolates. There was a significant correlation between dog/cat-origin quinolone-resistant population and ST10 (p = 0.023)/CC10 (p = 0.021). CONCLUSION To our best knowledge, this is the first report assessing dog/cat-origin quinolone-resistant S. agalactiae. Our observations could be applied in future, by veterinarians while treating dogs and cats with clinical symptoms/signs suggestive of streptococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Maeda
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yuzo Tsuyuki
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan; Division of Clinical Laboratory, Sanritsu Zelkova Veterinary Laboratory, 3-5-5 Ogibashi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0011, Japan
| | - Mieko Goto
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Haruno Yoshida
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fujita
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama, 364-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
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Stępień-Pyśniak D, Hauschild T, Dec M, Marek A, Brzeski M, Kosikowska U. Antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecalis from yolk sac infections in broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101491. [PMID: 34695638 PMCID: PMC8554262 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite restrictions on the use of antibiotics in poultry, the percentage of multidrug resistant bacteria, isolated from both adult birds and chicks, remains high. These bacteria can spread between countries via hatching eggs or chicks. Antibiotic resistant bacteria can also pose a threat to hatchery and farm workers or to consumers of poultry. The aim of the study was to perform a phenotypic and genotypic analysis of the drug resistance of E. faecalis isolates from yolk sac infections in broiler chicks from Poland and the Netherlands and to determine their genetic diversity. The tests revealed resistance to antibiotics from category D, that is, tetracycline (69.7%); category C – lincomycin (98.7%), erythromycin (51.3%), aminoglycosides (high-level streptomycin and kanamycin resistance – 10.5% and 3.95%, respectively), and chloramphenicol (7.9%); and category B – ciprofloxacin (25% with resistance or intermediate resistance). No resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, high-level gentamicin, tigecycline, or linezolid was noted. Various combinations of the erm(B), tet(M), tet(L), tet(O), ant(6)-Ia, aph(3′)-IIIa, ant(4′)-Ia, cat, and msr(A/B) genes were detected in all isolates (irrespective of the drug-resistance phenotype). Among isolates that carried the tet(M) and/or the tet(L) gene, 28% also had the Int-Tn gene, in contrast with isolates possessing tet(O). There were 28 sequence types and 43 PFGE restriction patterns. About 60% of isolates were of sequences types ST59, ST16, ST116, ST282, ST36, and ST82. Nine new sequence types were shown (ST836-ST844). In conclusion, broiler chicks can be a source of drug-resistant sequence types of E. faecalis that are potentially hazardous for people and animals. Restrictive programs for antibiotic use in broiler breeding flocks should be developed to decrease drug resistance in day-old chicks and reduce economic losses during rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, 20-612 Poland.
| | - Tomasz Hauschild
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Białystok, 15-245 Poland
| | - Marta Dec
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, 20-612 Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marek
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, 20-612 Poland
| | - Michał Brzeski
- Veterinary Cabinet - Brzeski and partners, Giżycko, 11-500 Poland
| | - Urszula Kosikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University in Lublin, Lublin, 20-093 Poland
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Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance properties of Streptococcus species isolated from hospital cockroaches. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:321. [PMID: 34194905 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hospital cockroaches are probable sources of pathogenic bacteria. The present investigation was performed to assess the antibiotic resistance properties and distribution of virulence factors in the Streptococcus spp. isolated from hospital cockroaches. Six hundred and sixty cockroach samples were collected. Cockroaches were washed with normal saline, and the achieved saline was used for bacterial culture. Isolated Streptococcus spp. were subjected to disk diffusion. The distribution of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes were assessed using a polymerase chain reaction. The prevalence of S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, and S. pneumonia amongst examined samples was 4.82%, 1.66%, and 6.96%, respectively. Cfb (53.93%), cyl (52.8%), scaa (51.68%) and glna (50.56%) were the most commonly detected virulence factors. Pbp2b (71.91%), pbp2x (58.42%), mefA (46.06%), ermB (46.06%) and tetM (46.06%) were the most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes. Streptococcal spp. harbored the highest prevalence of resistance against tetracycline (80.89%), trimethoprim (65.16%), and penicillin (56.17%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first prevalence report of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in the Streptococcal spp. isolated from American, German, and oriental hospital cockroaches in Iran. Our findings indicated a certain role for cockroaches in nosocomial pathogens transmission in the hospital environment.
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Maeda T, Fukushima Y, Yoshida H, Goto M, Fujita T, Tsuyuki Y, Takahashi T. Biofilm production ability and associated characteristics of Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from companion animals and humans. J Infect Chemother 2021; 27:1571-1577. [PMID: 34217606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated biofilm production ability (BPA) of Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from companion animals/humans and clarified the relationship between BPA populations and other microbiological features. METHODS Companion animal-/human-origin isolates were collected with host information. We measured BPA using crystal violet staining, via virulence-associated gene profiling (hylB-pavA-pilB-spb1-srtC1-brpA), capsular genotyping, multilocus sequence typing, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotyping/genotyping. Significant difference in BPA of isolates from different hosts was assessed. We analyzed the association between BPA populations and the virulence genotypes, capsular genotypes, sequence types/clonal complexes, and AMR phenotypes/genotypes. Inhibitory effect of berberine on BPA was evaluated. RESULTS Five, twenty-six, and twenty-six isolates belonged to strong, moderate, and weak biofilm producers, whereas seventeen showed no biofilm production. We defined strong, moderate, or weak biofilm producers as the producer group (n = 57) to conduct a comparative analysis between the producer and non-producer populations. There was a significant correlation between the producer population and vaginal specimen. We found significant associations between the producer group and presence (57.9%) of pilB and between the non-producer population and presence (70.6%) of spb1. There was no association between the producer group and capsular genotypes, sequence types/clonal complexes, and AMR phenotypes/genotypes (except for a significant correlation between the producer group and AMR to minocycline). We confirmed inhibitory effect of berberine at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against the type strain on BPA. CONCLUSION Our observations suggest that S. agalactiae harboring pilB is more capable of producing biofilms, with berberine inhibitory effect at sub-MICs on BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Maeda
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yasuto Fukushima
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Haruno Yoshida
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Mieko Goto
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fujita
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama, 364-8501, Japan
| | - Yuzo Tsuyuki
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan; Division of Clinical Laboratory, Sanritsu Zelkova Veterinary Laboratory, 3-5-5 Ogibashi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
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Abdou Mohamed MA, Kozlowski HN, Kim J, Zagorovsky K, Kantor M, Feld JJ, Mubareka S, Mazzulli T, Chan WCW. Diagnosing Antibiotic Resistance Using Nucleic Acid Enzymes and Gold Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2021; 15:9379-9390. [PMID: 33970612 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and accurate detection of antimicrobial resistance is critical to limiting the spread of infections and delivering effective treatments. Here, we developed a rapid, sensitive, and simple colorimetric nanodiagnostic platform to identify disease-causing pathogens and their associated antibiotic resistance genes within 2 h. The platform can detect bacteria from different biological samples (i.e., blood, wound swabs) with or without culturing. We validated the multicomponent nucleic acid enzyme-gold nanoparticle (MNAzyme-GNP) platform by screening patients with central line associated bloodstream infections and achieved a clinical sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 100%, respectively. We detected antibiotic resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in patient swabs with 90% clinical sensitivity and 95% clinical specificity. Finally, we identified mecA resistance genes in uncultured nasal, groin, axilla, and wound swabs from patients with 90% clinical sensitivity and 95% clinical specificity. The simplicity and versatility for detecting bacteria and antibiotic resistance markers make our platform attractive for the broad screening of microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdou Mohamed
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Bimolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Hannah N Kozlowski
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Bimolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Centre for Global Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Jisung Kim
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Bimolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Centre for Global Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Kyryl Zagorovsky
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Bimolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Melinda Kantor
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jordan J Feld
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Divisions of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Tony Mazzulli
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Warren C W Chan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Bimolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Centre for Global Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering. University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
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Abd El-Aziz NK, Ammar AM, El Damaty HM, Abd Elkader RA, Saad HA, El-Kazzaz W, Khalifa E. Environmental Streptococcus uberis Associated with Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows: Virulence Traits, Antimicrobial and Biocide Resistance, and Epidemiological Typing. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1849. [PMID: 34206268 PMCID: PMC8300258 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis remains a serious problem for dairy animals. The misappropriation of antimicrobial agents helps accelerate resistance, which poses a serious challenge in controlling environmental S. uberis infection. Here, we study the virulence attributes, antimicrobial and biocide resistance, and epidemiological typing of S. uberis recovered from bovine clinical mastitis in dairy farms of diverse hygienic interventions in Egypt. The overall S. uberis infection rate was 20.59%; all were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The sua gene was the most frequent virulence gene (42.02%), followed by pauA (40.57%), cfu (21.73%), skc (20.28%), and opp (11.59%). The erm(B) gene served as the predominant antimicrobial-resistant gene (75.36%), followed by fexA (52.63%) and tet(M), blaZ, and aac(6')aph(2″) genes (46.38% each). Of note, 79.71%, 78.26%, and 18.84% of S. uberis isolates harbored qacED1, qacC/D, and qacA/B genes, respectively. All analyzed isolates were S. uberis type I by their unique RFLP-PCR pattern. In conclusion, the sustained presence of pauA and sua genes throughout the investigated farms contributes to a better understanding of the bacterium's pathogenicity. Furthermore, MDR coupled with the existence of biocide resistance genes indicates the importance of S. uberis surveillance and the prudent use of antimicrobials in veterinary clinical medicine to avoid the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhan K Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Ammar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Hend M El Damaty
- Department of Animal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Abd Elkader
- Belbies Veterinary Organization, Ministry of Agriculture, Belbies 44974, Egypt
| | - Hosam A Saad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed El-Kazzaz
- Molecular Microbiology Lab., Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Eman Khalifa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh 51511, Egypt
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31
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Petrocchi-Rilo M, Martínez-Martínez S, Aguarón-Turrientes Á, Roca-Martínez E, García-Iglesias MJ, Pérez-Fernández E, González-Fernández A, Herencia-Lagunar E, Gutiérrez-Martín CB. Anatomical Site, Typing, Virulence Gene Profiling, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Resistance Genes of Streptococcus suis Isolates Recovered from Pigs in Spain. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060707. [PMID: 34208248 PMCID: PMC8230935 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of 207 Streptococcus suis isolates were collected from ten autonomous communities from Spain in 2019 to 2020 from pigs with meningitis, pneumonic lungs, arthritic joints or other swollen viscera, to a lesser extent. Thirteen capsular types were detected being the most prevalent serotype 2 (21.7%), followed by serotypes 1 (21.3%), 9 (19.3%) and 3 (6.3%). Serotypes 2 and 9 were recovered mainly from the central nervous system (CNS), while serotype 1 was isolated mostly from swollen joints and serotype 3 from the lungs. Twenty-five isolates (12.1%) could not be typed. The most prevalent pathotype was epf + mrp + sly + luxS (49 isolates, 23.8%), and it was related mainly to serotypes 1 and 2. Serotypes 1–3 and 9 were significantly associated with anatomical sites of isolation and virulence factors, serotype 9 (CNS) and serotypes 3 and 9 (lungs) being associated with virulence profiles without the epf gene. S. suis isolates showed globally high antimicrobial resistances, but ampicillin followed by spectinomycin and tiamulin resulted in the highest activities, while the greatest resistances were detected for sulphadimethoxine, tetracyclines, neomycin, clindamycin and macrolides. A total of 87.4% isolates were positive to the tetO gene, 62.4% to the ermB gene and 25.2% to the fexA gene, while 14.6% were positive to all three genes simultaneously. A significative association between isolate resistances to tetracyclines and macrolides and the resistance genes tested was established, except for phenicol resistance and the fexA gene. A set of 14 multiresistance patterns were obtained according to the number of antimicrobials to which the isolates were resistant, the resistances to 12 or more agents being the most prevalent ones. A remarkable amount of multiresistance profiles could be seen among the S. suis serotype 9 isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máximo Petrocchi-Rilo
- Departmento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.-R.); (S.M.-M.); (M.-J.G.-I.); (E.P.-F.); (A.G.-F.); (E.H.-L.)
| | - Sonia Martínez-Martínez
- Departmento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.-R.); (S.M.-M.); (M.-J.G.-I.); (E.P.-F.); (A.G.-F.); (E.H.-L.)
| | | | | | - María-José García-Iglesias
- Departmento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.-R.); (S.M.-M.); (M.-J.G.-I.); (E.P.-F.); (A.G.-F.); (E.H.-L.)
| | - Esther Pérez-Fernández
- Departmento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.-R.); (S.M.-M.); (M.-J.G.-I.); (E.P.-F.); (A.G.-F.); (E.H.-L.)
| | - Alba González-Fernández
- Departmento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.-R.); (S.M.-M.); (M.-J.G.-I.); (E.P.-F.); (A.G.-F.); (E.H.-L.)
| | - Elena Herencia-Lagunar
- Departmento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.-R.); (S.M.-M.); (M.-J.G.-I.); (E.P.-F.); (A.G.-F.); (E.H.-L.)
| | - César-Bernardo Gutiérrez-Martín
- Departmento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.-R.); (S.M.-M.); (M.-J.G.-I.); (E.P.-F.); (A.G.-F.); (E.H.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-98729-1203
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Cisneros L, Cattelan N, Villalba MI, Rodriguez C, Serra DO, Yantorno O, Fadda S. Lactic acid bacteria biofilms and their ability to mitigate Escherichia coli O157:H7 surface colonization. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:247-256. [PMID: 34008189 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exert antagonistic activities against diverse microorganisms, including pathogens. In this work, we aimed to investigate the ability of LAB strains isolated from food to produce biofilms and to inhibit growth and surface colonization of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 at 10°C. The ability of 100 isolated LAB to inhibit EHEC O157:H7 NCTC12900 growth was evaluated in agar diffusion assays. Thirty-seven LAB strains showed strong growth inhibitory effect on EHEC. The highest inhibitory activities corresponded to LAB strains belonging to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici and Pediococcus pentosaceus species. Eighteen out of the 37 strains that showed growth inhibitory effects on EHEC also had the ability to form biofilms on polystyrene surfaces at 10°C and 30°C. Pre-established biofilms on polystyrene of four of these LAB strains were able to reduce significantly surface colonization by EHEC at low temperature (10°C). Among these four strains, Lact. plantarum CRL 1075 not only inhibited EHEC but also was able to grow in the presence of the enteric pathogen. Therefore, this strain proved to be a good candidate for further technological studies oriented to its application in food-processing environments to mitigate undesirable surface contaminations of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cisneros
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - N Cattelan
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - M I Villalba
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Rodriguez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - D O Serra
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET, UNR), Predio CONICET Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda (2000), Rosario, Argentina
| | - O Yantorno
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Fadda
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina
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Yoshida H, Goto M, Takahiro M, Fukushima Y, Fujita T, Tsuyuki Y, Takahashi T. Intracellular invasion ability of Streptococcus agalactiae among non-invasive isolates from human adults and companion animals in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2021; 27:999-1004. [PMID: 33663930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the cell invasion ability (CIA) of Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from humans and companion animals and clarified the relationship between CIA populations and their microbiological features. METHODS Human-origin and companion animal-origin isolates were collected along with host information. We measured CIA using human-lineage colon cancer epithelium (Caco-2) and keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell lines, via virulence-associated gene profiling (bca-rib-bac-lmb-cylE-hylB-pavA-pilB-spb1-srtC1-brpA), capsular genotyping, multilocus sequence typing, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotyping/genotyping. Significant differences in data regarding CIA into epithelium and keratinocytes and those of isolates from different hosts were assessed. We analyzed the association of CIA populations with the virulence genotypes, capsular genotypes, sequence types/clonal complexes, and AMR phenotypes/genotypes. RESULTS A comparative analysis was performed between human (n = 15) and canine (n = 17) non-invasive isolates. There was a difference in CIA data between Caco-2 and HaCaT cells using human and animal isolates. For percent invasion ability into Caco-2 cells, we designated values ≥ 0.1 as high-frequency CIA and values < 0.1 as low-frequency CIA. Fourteen isolates harbored high-frequency and 18 isolates harbored low-frequency strains. There was no association between the high-frequency population and the virulence genotypes, capsular genotypes, sequence types/clonal complexes, and AMR phenotypes/genotypes. CONCLUSION This is the first report assessing the invasion ability of S. agalactiae into HaCaT and Caco-2 cells. Our observations suggest that S. agalactiae is more capable of entering Caco-2 rather than HaCaT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruno Yoshida
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Mieko Goto
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Maeda Takahiro
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yasuto Fukushima
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fujita
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama, 364-8501, Japan
| | - Yuzo Tsuyuki
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan; Division of Clinical Laboratory, Sanritsu Zelkova Veterinary Laboratory, 3-5-5 Ogibashi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
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Liang Z, Fu J, Li L, Yi R, Xu S, Chen J, Ye X, McGrath E. Molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from pediatric community-acquired pneumonia in pre-conjugate vaccine era in Western China. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2021; 20:4. [PMID: 33407509 PMCID: PMC7788854 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-020-00410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is one of the most common pathogens which can cause morbidity and mortality in pediatric infections worldwide. This study aimed to describe the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)-causing S. pneumoniae recovered from children in Western China. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled pediatric patients younger than 5 years diagnosed with CAP. All 419 S. pneumoniae isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility, serotypes, virulence genes, resistance genes, and sequence types. The potential relationships between molecular characteristics were tested by correspondence analysis. RESULTS Most of S. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline, clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, with 93.8% isolates classified as multidrug resistant. The dominant STs were ST271 (30.8%) and ST320 (12.2%), while the prevailing serotypes were 19F (46.8%), 6B (11.5%), 23F (9.5%) and 19A (9.3%). The coverage rates of PCV-7 and PCV-13 were 73.03% and 86.16%, while the coverage rates of PCV13 among children aged < 1 year and 1-2 years were high in 93.18% and 93.62%. We also observed that CC271 expressed more of mef (A/E), lytA, rlrA and sipA than non-CC271 isolates. Moreover, there were strong corresponding relationships between molecular characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The high coverage rate of PCV13 suggests the necessity of introducing the PCV13 vaccine in Western China. Our findings underscore the value of monitoring multiple molecular characteristics to provide new guidance for developing future pneumococcal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxin Liang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Prevention and Health Care, Department of Pediatric, Department of Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Jinjian Fu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Prevention and Health Care, Department of Pediatric, Department of Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rongsong Yi
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Prevention and Health Care, Department of Pediatric, Department of Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Shaolin Xu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Prevention and Health Care, Department of Pediatric, Department of Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Jichang Chen
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Prevention and Health Care, Department of Pediatric, Department of Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 283# Jianghai Dadao, Haizhu District, 510310, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Eric McGrath
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA.,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Maeda T, Takayama Y, Fujita T, Taniyama D, Tsuyuki Y, Shibayama A, Goto M, Yoshida H, Takahashi T. Comparison between Invasive and Non-Invasive Streptococcus agalactiae Isolates from Human Adults, Based on Virulence Gene Profiles, Capsular Genotypes, Sequence Types, and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns. Jpn J Infect Dis 2020; 74:316-324. [PMID: 33390429 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed whether invasive group B Streptococcus (GBS) isolates were similar to non-invasive isolates from adult patients. Invasive and non-invasive GBS isolates were collected from three hospitals and two laboratory centers between January 2015 and October 2019. The isolates were identified by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and amplification of the GBS-specific dltS gene. The virulence gene profiles, capsular genotypes, sequence types (STs)/clonal complexes (CCs), and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes/genotypes were determined for the 72 invasive and 50 non-invasive isolates that were comparatively analyzed. We observed a significantly decreased rate of rib detection in the invasive isolates compared to that in the non-invasive isolates (77.8% vs. 92.0%, P < 0.05). Additionally, we found significant differences in the prevalence of CC1 (23.6% vs. 46.0%, P < 0.05) and CC26 (12.5% vs. 2.0%, P < 0.05) between invasive and non-invasive populations. However, there were no significant differences in the comparative data of the virulence gene profiles, capsular genotypes, other STs/CCs, and AMR phenotypes/genotypes between the two populations. These findings suggest that both invasive and non-invasive isolates share similar features in terms of virulence gene profile, capsular genotype, ST/CC, and AMR genotype/phenotype (except for the rates of rib detection and CC1/CC26 prevalence).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Maeda
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Takayama
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan.,Division of Clinical Laboratory, Byotai-Seiri Laboratory, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fujita
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kitasato University Medical Center, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taniyama
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuzo Tsuyuki
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan.,Division of Clinical Laboratory, Sanritsu Laboratory, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Shibayama
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mishuku Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Japan
| | - Mieko Goto
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Haruno Yoshida
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Japan
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Oh SI, Kim JW, Kim J, So B, Kim B, Kim HY. Molecular subtyping and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis isolates from clinically diseased pigs. J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e57. [PMID: 32735095 PMCID: PMC7402932 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) acts as an etiological agent for lameness, neurological signs, and high mortality in pigs. Despite its importance in pig industries and zoonotic potential, little is known about the effects of this pathogen. Objectives This study aimed to determine the molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of SDSE strains isolated from diseased pigs. Methods A total 11 SDSE isolates were obtained from diseased pigs. Bacterial identification, PCR for virulence genes, emm typing, and antimicrobial resistance genes, multilocus sequence typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility test were performed. Results Nine isolates were from piglets, and 8 showed lameness, sudden death, or neurological signs. The isolates were PCR-positive for sla (100%), sagA (100%), and scpA (45.5%), and only 1 isolate amplified the emm gene (stL2764). Eight different sequence types were detected, categorized into 2 clonal complexes and 4 singletons. All the isolates in this study were included in a small cluster, which also contained other strains derived from humans and horses. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for the tested beta-lactams were low, while those for macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones were relatively high. PCR analysis of the macrolide and tetracycline resistance genes demonstrated that the isolates carried erm(B) (18.2%, n = 2), mef(A/E) (9.1%, n = 1), tet(M) (18.2%, n = 2), and tet(O) (90.2%, n = 10). Two isolates presented a mutation in parC, which is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. Conclusion This study provided insight into swine-derived SDSE, as it is related to veterinary medicine, and elucidated its zoonotic potential, in the context of molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ik Oh
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Jong Wan Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Jongho Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Byungjae So
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Ha Young Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea.
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Tsai WC, Shen CF, Lin YL, Shen FC, Tsai PJ, Wang SY, Lin YS, Wu JJ, Chi CY, Liu CC. Emergence of macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes emm12 in southern Taiwan from 2000 to 2019. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 54:1086-1093. [PMID: 32994137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is an important pathogen causing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Surveillance of resistance and emm type has important implication to provide helpful information on the changing GAS epidemiology and empirical treatment. METHODS To study the emergence of resistant GAS in children with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), a retrospective study was conducted from 2000 to 2019 in southern Taiwan. Microbiological studies, including antibiotic susceptibility, were performed. GAS emm types and sequences were determined by molecular methods. The population was divided into two separate decades to analyze potential changes over time. The 1st decade was 2000-2009; the 2nd decade was 2010-2019. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors associated with macrolide resistance between these periods. RESULTS A total of 320 GAS from 339 children were enrolled. Most of the children (75%) were under 9 years of age. The most common diagnosis was scarlet fever (225, 66.4%), and the frequency increased from 54.8% in the 1st to 77.9% in the 2nd decade (p < 0.0001). There was a significant increase in resistance to erythromycin and azithromycin from 18.1%, 19.3% in the 1st to 58.4%, 61.0% in the 2nd decade (p < 0.0001). This was associated with clonal expansion of the GAS emm12-ST36 which carrying erm(B) and tet(M) from 3.0% in the 1st to 53.2% in the 2nd decade (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Significant emergence of macrolide-resistant GAS emm12-ST36 in children supports the need for continuing surveillance and investigation for the clonal virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fen Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lan Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Ching Shen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jane Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ying Wang
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Jong Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chi
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Chuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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Taher EM, Hemmatzadeh F, Aly SA, Elesswy HA, Petrovski KR. Molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance genes on farms and in commercial milk with emphasis on the effect of currently practiced heat treatments on viable but nonculturable formation. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:9936-9945. [PMID: 32861499 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the considerable advances that have been made to improve dairy food safety, there is rising concern that pasteurization is not sufficient for the destruction of plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes of resistant bacteria and could stimulate bacteria to enter into a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state. In the current study, we surveyed the prevalence of 1 genomic and 9 plasmid-mediated AMR genes in 100 samples (bulk tank milk and milk filter socks) at the farm level and 152 commercial milk samples (pasteurized and UHT milks) and assessed the VBNC state in dairy bacteria. Results revealed that sul2 was the most prevalent plasmid-mediated gene in milk filter socks (96%), bulk tank milk (48%), pasteurized milk (68%), and UHT (43%) milk; in contrast, mecA was not detected in any sample. Additionally, commercial pasteurization (as currently practiced) failed to decrease the prevalence of the blaTEM-B1 (43%), tetK (30%), and tetA (55%) plasmid-mediated AMR genes; thus, commercial pasteurization may be one of the factors creating the VBNC state in some dairy bacteria. Continued research is necessary to identify bacterial species entering the VBNC state after pasteurization, to assess their potential hazard level and shed more light on the expression and possibility of horizontal gene transfer of those plasmid-mediated AMR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Taher
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
| | - Farhid Hemmatzadeh
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia; Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Salwa A Aly
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A Elesswy
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Kiro R Petrovski
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia; Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, SA 5064, Australia; Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, SA 5005, Australia
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Beheshti M, Jabalameli F, Feizabadi MM, Hahsemi FB, Beigverdi R, Emaneini M. Molecular characterization, antibiotic resistance pattern and capsular types of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:167. [PMID: 32546124 PMCID: PMC7298763 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus pneumoniae causes serious infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular characteristic, antibiotic resistance pattern and capsular types of invasive S. pneumoniae in Tehran, Iran. Results Of the 44 pneumococcal invasive isolates, 39 (89%) were isolated from children and 5 (11%) from adults. The results show that all pneumococcal isolates were susceptible to linezolid but had varying resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (86%), erythromycin (73%), tetracycline (66%), clindamycin (43%), penicillin (16%), chloramphenicol (14%) and levofloxacin (2%). The range of erythromycin, tetracycline and penicillin MICs were 2 - ≥ 256 μg/mL, 4 - ≥ 48 μg/mL, and 0.047 - ≥ 256 respectively. All of the penicillin resistant isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) and in addition to penicillin were resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The most common capsular types detected in 64% of the pneumococcal isolates was 6A/B, 19A, 15A, 23F. The multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of 10 pneumococcal isolates revealed 9 different sequence types (STs), including ST 15139 (capsular type 19A) and ST 15140 (capsular type 23F), which have not previously been reported. Conclusions The study revealed that the S. pneumoniae isolates belonged to diverse capsular types and clones with high rate of resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, and penicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Beheshti
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Building No. 7, 100 Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Jabalameli
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Building No. 7, 100 Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Building No. 7, 100 Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Farhad Bonakdar Hahsemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Building No. 7, 100 Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Reza Beigverdi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Building No. 7, 100 Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Mohammad Emaneini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Building No. 7, 100 Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran.
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Kim SH, Kim DH, Lim HW, Seo KH. High prevalence of non-faecalis and non-faecium Enterococcus spp. in farmstead cheesehouse and their applicability as hygiene indicators. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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van den Honert MS, Gouws PA, Hoffman LC. A Preliminary Study: Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus Species from Wildlife Species Subjected to Supplementary Feeding on Various South African Farms. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030396. [PMID: 32121124 PMCID: PMC7142571 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Supplementary feeding of wildlife allows more opportunity for disease and antibiotic resistant genes to be transferred directly between species due to increased herd density, more frequent direct contact at feeding and water points and increased human contact. The feed itself can also be a direct source of antibiotic compounds and of antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study aimed to determine whether the practice of wildlife supplementary feeding could have an influence on the antibiotic resistance of the bacteria harboured by the supplementary fed wildlife, and thus play a potential role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance throughout nature. Overall, the E. coli and Enterococcus isolates from the supplementary fed wildlife were found to be more frequently resistant to the selection of antibiotics than from those which were not supplementary fed. Game farmers should be knowledgeable of the ingredients that are used in the game feed that is used to feed both their livestock and wildlife, as certain feed ingredients, such as antibiotics or bone meal, can have a detrimental effect on health and safety. Game farmers should also be aware that farm history can have an impact on the animals which graze on the pastures with regards to antibiotic resistance transfer. Abstract Studies have shown that antibiotic resistance among wild animals is becoming a public health concern, owing to increased contact and co-habitation with domestic animals that, in turn, results in increased human contact, indirectly and directly. This type of farming practice intensifies the likelihood of antibiotic resistant traits in microorganisms transferring between ecosystems which are linked via various transfer vectors, such as rivers and birds. This study aimed to determine whether the practice of wildlife supplementary feeding could have an influence on the antibiotic resistance of the bacteria harboured by the supplementary fed wildlife, and thus play a potential role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance throughout nature. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus were isolated from the faeces of various wildlife species from seven different farms across South Africa. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2018 guidelines. The E. coli (F: 57%; N = 75% susceptible) and Enterococcus (F: 67%; N = 78% susceptible) isolates from the supplementary fed (F) wildlife were in general, found to be more frequently resistant to the selection of antibiotics than from those which were not supplementary fed (N), particularly towards tetracycline (E. coli F: 56%; N: 71%/Enterococcus F: 53%; N: 89% susceptible), ampicillin (F: 82%; N = 95% susceptible) and sulphafurazole (F: 68%; N = 98% susceptible). Interestingly, high resistance towards streptomycin was observed in the bacteria from both the supplementary fed (7% susceptible) and non-supplementary fed (6% susceptible) wildlife isolates. No resistance was found towards chloramphenicol and ceftazidime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Sannettha van den Honert
- Centre for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
| | - Pieter Andries Gouws
- Centre for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Louwrens Christiaan Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
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Maeda T, Tsuyuki Y, Fujita T, Fukushima Y, Goto M, Yoshida H, Takahashi T. Comparison of Streptococcus agalactiae Isolates from Humans and Companion Animals Reveals Genotypic and Phenotypic Differences. Jpn J Infect Dis 2020; 73:308-315. [PMID: 32009057 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2019.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed whether Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from companion animals differed from those of human origin. Beta-hemolytic S. agalactiae was collected from a veterinary laboratory center and a university hospital. Strains were identified using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and amplification of the species-specific dltS gene. We conducted virulence gene profiling, capsular genotyping, determination of clonal complex (CC), and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotyping or genotyping. The 20 non-invasive isolates obtained from animals and 15 non-invasive isolates from adult humans were comparatively analyzed in this study. We found significant differences in the virulence gene profiles of bca-rib-lmb-cylE (40.0% vs. 93.3%) and the possession of bac (30.0% vs. 0%) between animal-origin and human-origin non-invasive strains. We observed a significant difference in the distribution of CC1 between the two non-invasive populations. There were significant differences in the prevalence of tetracycline resistance genotypes (60.0% vs. 20.0%) and absence of AMR genotypes (30.0% vs. 80.0%), and AMR rates of tetracycline (35.0% vs. 0%) and fluoroquinolone (20.0% vs. 66.7%) between the two non-invasive populations. These observations suggest that there were different features, in terms of virulence gene profile, CC, and AMR genotype/phenotype in the non-invasive isolates of animal origin compared to those of human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Maeda
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Yuzo Tsuyuki
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Japan.,Division of Clinical Laboratory, Sanritsu Zelkova Veterinary Laboratory, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fujita
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kitasato University Medical Center, Japan
| | - Yasuto Fukushima
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Mieko Goto
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Haruno Yoshida
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Japan
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Ichikawa T, Oshima M, Yamagishi J, Muramatsu C, Asai T. Changes in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes in Streptococcus suis strains isolated from pigs in the Tokai area of Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 82:9-13. [PMID: 31748445 PMCID: PMC6983656 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis strains isolated from porcine endocarditis and tonsils in the Tokai area of Japan during 2004-2007 and 2014-2016 (n=114) were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and distribution of selected resistance genes. No strains showed resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, meropenem, vancomycin, and levofloxacin. High resistance to tetracycline (80.7%), clindamycin (65.8%), erythromycin (56.1%), and clarithromycin (56.1%) was observed. In chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, there was a trend towards increased resistance between the first (2004-2007) and second (2014-2016) periods. tet(O) and erm(B) genes were the most frequently detected, and tet(M) and mef(A/E) genes were only detected in strains isolated during 2014-2016. These results indicate that chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistance, and tet(M) and mef(A/E) genes emerged in S. suis of this area after 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ichikawa
- Nagoya City Meat Hygiene Inspection Laboratory, 1-39 Funami-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 455-0027, Japan.,Present address: Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, 2266-132 Anagahora, Shimoshidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-0003, Japan
| | - Masaaki Oshima
- Nagoya City Meat Hygiene Inspection Laboratory, 1-39 Funami-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 455-0027, Japan
| | - Junjiro Yamagishi
- Nagoya City Meat Hygiene Inspection Laboratory, 1-39 Funami-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 455-0027, Japan
| | - Chieko Muramatsu
- Nagoya City Meat Hygiene Inspection Laboratory, 1-39 Funami-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 455-0027, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Tatara K, Gotoh K, Okumiya K, Teramachi M, Ishimoto K, Tanaka Y, Iwahashi J, Shindou S, Yamashita Y, Watanabe H. Molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, and characterization of fluoroquinolone non-susceptible Streptococcus pyogenes in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2019; 26:280-284. [PMID: 31680034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococci: GAS) are known to cause a wide variety of human illnesses, some of which can be life-threatening. Usually, penicillin is the first-choice agent for the treatment of GAS infections. For patients with penicillin or beta-lactam antibiotics allergies, macrolide drugs are recommended as an alternative therapy. However, an increased prevalence of macrolide-resistant GAS (MRGAS) has been reported in many countries. Furthermore, fluoroquinolone non-susceptible GAS has been reported. The present study was focused on determining the features of fluoroquinolone non-susceptible strains collected from children with pharyngotonsillitis in the southwestern areas of Japan. To reveal the characteristics of fluoroquinolone non-susceptible GAS, we investigated the MIC, T-serotype, emm typing, and PFGE of 298 GAS strains isolated in the Fukuoka southwest area of Japan between 2011 and 2013. We determined that fluoroquinolone non-susceptibility shows a MIC to tosufloxacin of ≧1 μg/ml. We identified 33 (11.1%) fluoroquinolone non-susceptible GAS strains. In these strains, 6 T-serotypes and 9 emm/MLST patterns were detected. The predominant combinations were emm6/ST382 (14 strains, 42.4%) and emm89/ST101 (5 strains, 15.2%). PFGE classified 10 pulsotypes, and each was quite different. These results showed that fluoroquinolone non-susceptible GAS strains have a variety of origins. The usage of fluoroquinolone drugs could have a negative effect on the antimicrobial drug sensitivity of GAS in Japan. Considering such a situation, continuous monitoring of quinolone non-susceptible GAS is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Tatara
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kenji Gotoh
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
| | - Kiyohito Okumiya
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Mariko Teramachi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ishimoto
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yuhei Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Jun Iwahashi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | | | - Yushiro Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Coppens J, Xavier BB, Loens K, Lammens C, Ieven M, Matheeussen V, Goossens H, Malhotra-Kumar S. Remarkable Genome Stability among emm1 Group A Streptococcus in Belgium over 19 Years. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:1432-1439. [PMID: 31065672 PMCID: PMC6521816 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, there has been a public health concern of severe invasive infections caused by Group A Streptococcus (GAS) of the emm1 genotype. This study investigated the dynamics of emm1 GAS during 1994–2013 in Belgium. emm1 GAS isolated from blood, tissue, and wounds of patients with invasive infections (n = 23, S1–S23), and from patients with uncomplicated pharyngitis (n = 15, NS1–NS15) were subjected to whole-genome mapping (WGM; kpn) (Opgen). Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 25 strains (WGS; S1–S23 and NS6–NS7) (Illumina Inc.). Belgian GAS belonged to the M1T1 clone typified by the 36-kb chromosomal region encoding extracellular toxins, NAD+-glycohydrolase and streptolysin O. Strains from 1994–1999 clustered together with published strains (MGAS5005 and M1476). From 2001 onward, invasive GAS showed higher genomic divergence in the accessory genome and harbored on average 7% prophage content. Low evolutionary rate (2.49E-008; P > 0.05) was observed in this study, indicating a highly stable genome. The studied invasive and pharyngitis isolates were no genetically distinct populations based on the WGM and core genome phylogeny analyses. Two copies of the speJ superantigen were present in the 1999 and 2010 study strains (n = 3), one being chromosomal and one being truncated and associated with phage remnants. This study showed that emm1 GAS in Belgium, compared with Canada and UK M1 strains, were highly conserved by harboring a remarkable genome stability over a 19-year period with variations observed in the accessory genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Coppens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Basil Britto Xavier
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Katherine Loens
- Belgian Reference Centre for Group A Streptococcus, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Lammens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Margareta Ieven
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Belgian Reference Centre for Group A Streptococcus, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Veerle Matheeussen
- Belgian Reference Centre for Group A Streptococcus, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Herman Goossens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Belgian Reference Centre for Group A Streptococcus, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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Detection of Antibiotic Resistance and Classical Enterotoxin Genes in Coagulase -negative Staphylococci Isolated from Poultry in Poland. J Vet Res 2019; 63:183-190. [PMID: 31276057 PMCID: PMC6598191 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study sought to characterise antimicrobial resistance among coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) species recovered from broiler chickens and turkeys in Poland including the presence of 12 antimicrobial resistance genes and five classical genes of staphylococcal enterotoxins. Material and Methods A panel of 11 antimicrobial disks evaluated the phenotypic sensitivity of the tested strains to antibiotics. Five multiplex PCR assays were performed using primer pairs for specific detection of antibiotic resistance genes and staphylococcal enterotoxin A to E genes. Results Selected antimicrobial agent susceptibility testing revealed 100% of such in in vitro conditions to cefoxitin among strains of Staphylococcus sciuri and S. chromogenes. The blaZ (for ß-lactam) and mecA (for methicillin resistance) genes were in 58.3% and 27.5% of strains, respectively. Among genes resistant to tetracyclines, tetK was most frequent. Fewer (CNS) strains showed genes resistant to macrolides, lincosamides, and florfenicol/chloramphenicol. Multiplex PCR for classical enterotoxins (A-E) detected the see gene in two S. hominis strains, while the seb gene producing enterotoxin B was found in one strain of S. epidermidis. Conclusion CNS strains of Staphylococcus isolated from poultry were either phenotypically or genotypically multidrug resistant. Testing for the presence of the five classical enterotoxin genes showed that CNS strains, as in the case of S. aureus strains, can be a source of food intoxications.
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Fu J, Li L, Liang Z, Xu S, Lin N, Qin P, Ye X, McGrath E. Etiology of acute otitis media and phenotypic-molecular characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children in Liuzhou, China. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:168. [PMID: 30770718 PMCID: PMC6377742 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The etiology and epidemiology of acute otitis media (AOM) are poorly understood in China. This study aimed to describe the etiology of AOM and the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of AOM-causing Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pneumoniae) recovered from Chinese children. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to enrol patients younger than 18 years diagnosed as AOM. Middle ear fluid specimens were collected then cultured for bacterial pathogens. All S.pneumoniae isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility, serotypes, virulence genes, antibiotic resistant determinants and sequence types. Results The dominant otopathogen among AOM children was S.pneumoniae (54.4%). Among S.pneumoniae isolates, there were 97.3, 97.3 and 75.7% isolates resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, respectively. There was 72.8% S.pneumoniae with multidrug resistance. The dominant sequence types (STs) were ST271 and ST320, whereas the prevailing serotypes were 19F and 19A. The 7-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) coverage among AOM children were 73.0 and 94.6%, respectively. Additionally, we found that CC271 expressed more of mef(A/E) (P < 0.001), pspA (P = 0.022) and sipA (P < 0.001) than non-CC271 isolates. Conclusion The high prevalence of international multidrug-resistant clone (Taiwan19F-14) in China necessitates continued dedication to expand PCV13 immunization and better control of antibiotic use in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Fu
- Department of Laboratory, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 283# Jianghai Dadao, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Zhuoxin Liang
- Department of Pediatric, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Shaolin Xu
- Department of Laboratory, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Peixu Qin
- Department of Laboratory, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 283# Jianghai Dadao, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510310, China.
| | - Eric McGrath
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA.,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Molecular and phenotypic characterization of enterococci isolated from broiler flocks in Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1073-1082. [PMID: 30637613 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-01784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance, resistance mechanisms implicated, and virulence genes (asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, and hyl) of Enterococcus spp. isolated from broiler flocks in Turkey. In addition, clonality of ampicillin and vancomycin-resistant enterococci was also investigated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Out of 430 cloacal swab samples investigated, 336 (78.1%) Enterococcus spp. was isolated. The most frequently identified species were E. faecalis (87.8%), E. faecium (8.3%), E. durans (2.4%), E. casseliflavus (0.9%), and E. hirae (0.6%). The most common resistance was against tetracycline (81.3%), erythromycin (77.1%), ciprofloxacin (56.8%), and chloramphenicol (46.4%). Fifty (14.9%) isolates showed high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGL) phenotype. Ampicillin and vancomycin resistance were observed in 3.3% and 1.5% of the isolates, respectively. Two hundred eighty-three isolates were positive for the presence of virulence genes. Among the virulence genes tested, only gelE, asa1, esp, and cylA genes were detected. The most prevalent virulence gene was gelE (234, 69.6%), followed by asa1 (160, 47.6%), esp (37, 11%), and cylA (2, 0.6%). In conclusion, this study revealed that commensal enterococci from broiler flocks showed high rate of resistance to antimicrobials including clinically important antimicrobials for humans. The main underlying reason for high resistance could be attributed to the inappropriate and widespread use of antimicrobials. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop control strategies to prevent the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.
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Gao K, Guan X, Zeng L, Qian J, Zhu S, Deng Q, Zhong H, Pang S, Gao F, Wang J, Long Y, Chang CY, Liu H. An increasing trend of neonatal invasive multidrug-resistant group B streptococcus infections in southern China, 2011-2017. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:2561-2569. [PMID: 30573985 PMCID: PMC6292236 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s178717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A multidrug-resistant (MDR) RR2 gene cluster was identified by whole-genome sequencing in several highly virulent (ST-17) Group B streptococcus (GBS) isolates, which caused neonatal invasive infections in southern China in 2016. Tracing the transmission and distribution of MDR isolates in this area is important for the effective management of future infections. The aim of this study was to obtain longitudinal data of MDR isolates to monitor epidemiological trends of general common isolates in southern China, and provide evidence for future characterization of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Methods Clinical information and antimicrobial susceptibility of GBS isolates were acquired from electronic information management system databases of the hospital under study between January 2011 and December 2017. To confirm the presence of intact RR2, the tetO, ant6, lnuB, and ant9 genes located upstream, midstream, and downstream of RR2 were detected by PCR and DNA sequencing. Results A total of 149 cases of neonatal invasive GBS infection were identified during the period 2011–2017. Among them, 119 cases (79.9%) were caused by MDR isolates, with a general increasing trend over the past 7 years. Further characterization of 11 isolates showed that six isolates causing late-onset disease (LOD) carry the tetO, ant6, and lnuB genes, which are located on RR2. Moreover, lnuB and ant9 consistently co-occurred in GBS isolates, which suggests their close proximity to one another in the RR2 gene cluster. Conclusion The MDR GBS is responsible for a large number of neonatal invasive infections and occurs with increasing frequency over time. Particularly, the MDR GBS isolates that cause LOD are more likely to carry the RR2 gene cluster, compared with those that cause early-onset disease. The rise in number of MDR GBS isolates emphasizes the pressing need for continuous surveillance to monitor their antibiotic susceptibility and epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kankan Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Xiaoshan Guan
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Lanlan Zeng
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Jiabi Qian
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sufei Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Qiulian Deng
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Huamin Zhong
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Shuying Pang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Fei Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Jielin Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Yan Long
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Chien-Yi Chang
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK,
| | - Haiying Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,
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50
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Fukushima Y, Tsuyuki Y, Goto M, Yoshida H, Takahashi T. Species Identification of β-Hemolytic Streptococci from Diseased Companion Animals and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Data in Japan (2017). Jpn J Infect Dis 2018; 72:94-98. [PMID: 30381681 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2018.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the species and assess the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of β-hemolytic streptococci isolated from companion animals in Japan. Strains were isolated from clinical specimens of 131 companion animals that exhibited symptoms in April-May 2017. We identified strains by 16S rRNA sequencing and assessed their antimicrobial susceptibility using the broth microdilution method. AMR genes erm(A)-erm(B)-mef(A) and tet(M)-tet(O)-tet(K)-tet(L)-tet(S) in all isolates were amplified by PCR. 16S rRNA sequencing identified β-hemolytic streptococcal species as Streptococcus canis (n = 117, 89.3%), S. agalactiae (n = 7), S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (n = 5), S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (n = 1), and S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus (n = 1). Overall AMR rates were 39.7% for minocycline, 19.8% for erythromycin, and 17.6% for clindamycin, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of > 4, > 2, and > 1 μg/mL, respectively. AMR genotyping showed the presence of single or mixed types: erm(B)-mef(A) and tet(M)-tet(O)-tet(L)-tet(S). There was a significant relationship between tetracycline-resistance genotypes and open pus/skin-derived specimens. These observations identify some unique features of β-hemolytic streptococcal isolates from companion animals in Japan, such as the dominant isolation of S. canis and resistance to tetracycline, macrolide, and lincosamide antibiotics, in terms of species identification and AMR properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Fukushima
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Yuzo Tsuyuki
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University.,Division of Clinical Laboratory, Sanritsu Zelkova Veterinary Laboratory
| | - Mieko Goto
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Haruno Yoshida
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences & Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University
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