1
|
Jang Y, Lee YJ, Gong G, Lee SM, Um Y, Kim KH, Ko JK. Carbon dioxide valorization into resveratrol via lithoautotrophic fermentation using engineered Cupriavidus necator H16. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:122. [PMID: 38678199 PMCID: PMC11055273 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Industrial biomanufacturing of value-added products using CO2 as a carbon source is considered more sustainable, cost-effective and resource-efficient than using common carbohydrate feedstocks. Cupriavidus necator H16 is a representative H2-oxidizing lithoautotrophic bacterium that can be utilized to valorize CO2 into valuable chemicals and has recently gained much attention as a promising platform host for versatile C1-based biomanufacturing. Since this microbial platform is genetically tractable and has a high-flux carbon storage pathway, it has been engineered to produce a variety of valuable compounds from renewable carbon sources. In this study, the bacterium was engineered to produce resveratrol autotrophically using an artificial phenylpropanoid pathway. RESULTS The heterologous genes involved in the resveratrol biosynthetic pathway-tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), 4-coumaroyl CoA ligase (4CL), and stilbene synthase (STS) -were implemented in C. necator H16. The overexpression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), disruption of the PHB synthetic pathway, and an increase in the copy number of STS genes enhanced resveratrol production. In particular, the increased copies of VvSTS derived from Vitis vinifera resulted a 2-fold improvement in resveratrol synthesis from fructose. The final engineered CR-5 strain produced 1.9 mg/L of resveratrol from CO2 and tyrosine via lithoautotrophic fermentation. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the valorization of CO2 into polyphenolic compounds by engineering a phenylpropanoid pathway using the lithoautotrophic bacterium C. necator H16, demonstrating the potential of this strain a platform for sustainable chemical production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjae Jang
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ji Lee
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongtaek Gong
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Lee
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoon Um
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Kyong Ko
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yue M, Liu M, Gao S, Ren X, Zhou S, Rao Y, Zhou J. High-Level De Novo Production of (2 S)-Eriodictyol in Yarrowia Lipolytica by Metabolic Pathway and NADPH Regeneration Engineering. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4292-4300. [PMID: 38364826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
(2S)-Eriodictyol, a polyphenolic flavonoid, has found widespread applications in health supplements and food additives. However, the limited availability of plant-derived (2S)-eriodictyol cannot meet the market demand. Microbial production of (2S)-eriodictyol faces challenges, including the low catalytic efficiency of flavone 3'-hydroxylase/cytochrome P450 reductase (F3'H/CPR), insufficient precursor supplementation, and inadequate NADPH regeneration. This study systematically engineered Yarrowia lipolytica for high-level (2S)-eriodictyol production. In doing this, the expression of F3'H/CPR was balanced, and the supply of precursors was enhanced by relieving feedback inhibition of the shikimate pathway, promoting fatty acid β-oxidation, and increasing the copy number of synthetic pathway genes. These strategies, combined with NADPH regeneration, achieved an (2S)-eriodictyol titer of 423.6 mg/L. Finally, in fed-batch fermentation, a remarkable 6.8 g/L (2S)-eriodictyol was obtained, representing the highest de novo microbial titer reported to date and paving the way for industrial production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Yue
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Mengsu Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Song Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shenghu Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yiakoumetti A, Hanko EKR, Zou Y, Chua J, Chromy J, Stoney RA, Valdehuesa KNG, Connolly JA, Yan C, Hollywood KA, Takano E, Breitling R. Expanding flavone and flavonol production capabilities in Escherichia coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1275651. [PMID: 37920246 PMCID: PMC10619664 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1275651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavones and flavonols are important classes of flavonoids with nutraceutical and pharmacological value, and their production by fermentation with recombinant microorganisms promises to be a scalable and economically favorable alternative to extraction from plant sources. Flavones and flavonols have been produced recombinantly in a number of microorganisms, with Saccharomyces cerevisiae typically being a preferred production host for these compounds due to higher yields and titers of precursor compounds, as well as generally improved ability to functionally express cytochrome P450 enzymes without requiring modification to improve their solubility. Recently, a rapid prototyping platform has been developed for high-value compounds in E. coli, and a number of gatekeeper (2S)-flavanones, from which flavones and flavonols can be derived, have been produced to high titers in E. coli using this platform. In this study, we extended these metabolic pathways using the previously reported platform to produce apigenin, chrysin, luteolin and kaempferol from the gatekeeper flavonoids naringenin, pinocembrin and eriodictyol by the expression of either type-I flavone synthases (FNS-I) or type-II flavone synthases (FNS-II) for flavone biosynthesis, and by the expression of flavanone 3-dioxygenases (F3H) and flavonol synthases (FLS) for the production of the flavonol kaempferol. In our best-performing strains, titers of apigenin and kaempferol reached 128 mg L-1 and 151 mg L-1 in 96-DeepWell plates in cultures supplemented with an additional 3 mM tyrosine, though titers for chrysin (6.8 mg L-1) from phenylalanine, and luteolin (5.0 mg L-1) from caffeic acid were considerably lower. In strains with upregulated tyrosine production, apigenin and kaempferol titers reached 80.2 mg L-1 and 42.4 mg L-1 respectively, without the further supplementation of tyrosine beyond the amount present in the rich medium. Notably, the highest apigenin, chrysin and luteolin titers were achieved with FNS-II enzymes, suggesting that cytochrome P450s can show competitive performance compared with non-cytochrome P450 enzymes in prokaryotes for the production of flavones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rainer Breitling
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moteallehi-Ardakani MH, Asad S, Marashi SA, Moghaddasi A, Zarparvar P. Engineering a Novel Metabolic Pathway for Improving Cellular Malonyl-CoA Levels in Escherichia coli. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1508-1517. [PMID: 36658293 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellular pool of malonyl-CoA in Escherichia coli is small, which impedes its utility for overproduction of natural products such as phenylpropanoids, polyketides, and flavonoids. In this study, we report the use of a new metabolic pathway to increase the malonyl-CoA concentration as a limiting metabolite in E. coli. For this purpose, the malonate/sodium symporter from Malonomonas rubra, and malonyl-CoA synthetase (MCS) from Bradyrhizobium japonicum were co-expressed in E. coli. This new pathway allows the cell to actively import malonate from the culture medium and to convert malonate and CoA to malonyl-CoA via an ATP-dependent ligation reaction. HPLC analysis confirmed elevated levels of malonyl-CoA and (2S)-naringenin as a malonyl-CoA-dependent metabolite, in E. coli. A 6.8-fold and more than 3.5-fold increase in (2S)-naringenin production were achieved in the engineered host in comparison with non-engineered E. coli and previously reported passive transport MatBMatC pathway, respectively. This observation suggests that using active transporters of malonate not only improves malonyl-CoA-dependent production but also makes it possible to harness low concentrations of malonate in culture media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sedigheh Asad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sayed-Amir Marashi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afrooz Moghaddasi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Zarparvar
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Konzock O, Tous-Mohedano M, Cibin I, Chen Y, Norbeck J. Cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid are metabolized to 4-hydroxybenzoic acid by Yarrowia lipolytica. AMB Express 2023; 13:84. [PMID: 37561285 PMCID: PMC10415236 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica has been explored as a potential production host for flavonoid synthesis due to its high tolerance to aromatic acids and ability to supply malonyl-CoA. However, little is known about its ability to consume the precursors cinnamic and p-coumaric acid. In this study, we demonstrate that Y. lipolytica can consume these precursors through multiple pathways that are partially dependent on the cultivation medium. By monitoring the aromatic acid concentrations over time, we found that cinnamic acid is converted to p-coumaric acid. We identified potential proteins with a trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase activity in Y. lipolytica and constructed a collection of 15 knock-out strains to identify the genes responsible for the reaction. We identified YALI1_B28430g as the gene encoding for a protein that converts cinnamic acid to p-coumaric acid (designated as TCM1). By comparing different media compositions we found that complex media components (casamino acids and yeast extract) induce this pathway. Additionally, we discover the conversion of p-coumaric acid to 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Our findings provide new insight into the metabolic capabilities of Y. lipolytica and hold great potential for the future development of improved strains for flavonoid production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Konzock
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Marta Tous-Mohedano
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Irene Cibin
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Yun Chen
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Norbeck
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tu S, Xiao F, Mei C, Li S, Qiao P, Huang Z, He Y, Gong Z, Zhong W. De novo biosynthesis of sakuranetin from glucose by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12564-7. [PMID: 37148336 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12564-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Sakuranetin is a plant-natural product, which has increasingly been utilized in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries for its extensive anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory effects. Sakuranetin was mostly produced by extraction technology from plants, which is limited to natural conditions and biomass supply. In this study, a de novo biosynthesis pathway of sakuranetin by engineered S. cerevisiae was constructed. After a series of heterogenous gene integration, a biosynthetic pathway of sakuranetin from glucose was successfully constructed in S. cerevisiae whose sakuranetin yield reached only 4.28 mg/L. Then, a multi-module metabolic engineering strategy was applied for improving sakuranetin yield in S. cerevisiae: (1) adjusting the copy number of sakuranetin synthesis genes, (2) removing the rate-limiting factor of aromatic amino acid pathway and optimizing the synthetic pathway of aromatic amino acids to enhance the supply of carbon flux for sakuranetin, and (3) introducing acetyl-CoA carboxylase mutants ACC1S659A,S1157A and knocking out YPL062W to strengthen the supply of malonyl-CoA which is another synthetic precursor of sakuranetin. The resultant mutant S. cerevisiae exhibited a more than tenfold increase of sakuranetin titer (50.62 mg/L) in shaking flasks. Furthermore, the sakuranetin titer increased to 158.65 mg/L in a 1-L bioreactor. To our knowledge, it is the first report on the sakuranetin de novo synthesis from glucose in S. cerevisiae. KEY POINTS: • De novo biosynthesis of sakuranetin was constructed by engineered S. cerevisiae. • Sakuranetin production was enhanced by multi-module metabolic engineering strategy. • It is the first report on the sakuranetin de novo synthesis in S. cerevisiae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Tu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chengyu Mei
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Pei Qiao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ziyan Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yan He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhixing Gong
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Weihong Zhong
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schwanemann T, Otto M, Wynands B, Marienhagen J, Wierckx N. A Pseudomonas taiwanensis malonyl-CoA platform strain for polyketide synthesis. Metab Eng 2023; 77:219-230. [PMID: 37031949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Malonyl-CoA is a central precursor for biosynthesis of a wide range of complex secondary metabolites. The development of platform strains with increased malonyl-CoA supply can contribute to the efficient production of secondary metabolites, especially if such strains exhibit high tolerance towards these chemicals. In this study, Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120 was engineered for increased malonyl-CoA availability to produce bacterial and plant-derived polyketides. A multi-target metabolic engineering strategy focusing on decreasing the malonyl-CoA drain and increasing malonyl-CoA precursor availability, led to an increased production of various malonyl-CoA-derived products, including pinosylvin, resveratrol and flaviolin. The production of flaviolin, a molecule deriving from five malonyl-CoA molecules, was doubled compared to the parental strain by this malonyl-CoA increasing strategy. Additionally, the engineered platform strain enabled production of up to 84 mg L-1 resveratrol from supplemented p-coumarate. One key finding of this study was that acetyl-CoA carboxylase overexpression majorly contributed to an increased malonyl-CoA availability for polyketide production in dependence on the used strain-background and whether downstream fatty acid synthesis was impaired, reflecting its complexity in metabolism. Hence, malonyl-CoA availability is primarily determined by competition of the production pathway with downstream fatty acid synthesis, while supply reactions are of secondary importance for compounds that derive directly from malonyl-CoA in Pseudomonas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schwanemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Maike Otto
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Wynands
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jan Marienhagen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lan HN, Liu RY, Liu ZH, Li X, Li BZ, Yuan YJ. Biological valorization of lignin to flavonoids. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108107. [PMID: 36758651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the most affluent natural aromatic biopolymer on the earth, which is the promising renewable source for valuable products to promote the sustainability of biorefinery. Flavonoids are a class of plant polyphenolic secondary metabolites containing the benzene ring structure with various biological activities, which are largely applied in health food, pharmaceutical, and medical fields. Due to the aromatic similarity, microbial conversion of lignin derived aromatics to flavonoids could facilitate flavonoid biosynthesis and promote the lignin valorization. This review thereby prospects a novel valorization route of lignin to high-value natural products and demonstrates the potential advantages of microbial bioconversion of lignin to flavonoids. The biodegradation of lignin polymers is summarized to identify aromatic monomers as momentous precursors for flavonoid synthesis. The biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids in both plants and strains are introduced and compared. After that, the key branch points and important intermediates are clearly discussed in the biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids. Moreover, the most significant enzyme reactions including Claisen condensation, cyclization and hydroxylation are demonstrated in the biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids. Finally, current challenges and potential future strategies are also discussed for transforming lignin into various flavonoids. The holistic microbial conversion routes of lignin to flavonoids could make a sustainable production of flavonoids and improve the feasibility of lignin valorization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Na Lan
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ruo-Ying Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hua Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Bing-Zhi Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jeung K, Kim S, Yeon Lee J, Yeol Jung G. Optimization of mevalonate production using acetate by precursor balancing and flux redistribution in Escherichia coli. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
10
|
Chen AY, Ku JT, Tsai TP, Hung JJ, Hung BC, Lan EI. Metabolic Engineering Design Strategies for Increasing Carbon Fluxes Relevant for Biosynthesis in Cyanobacteria. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 183:105-144. [PMID: 37093259 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are promising microbial cell factories for the direct production of biochemicals and biofuels from CO2. Through genetic and metabolic engineering, they can be modified to produce a variety of both natural and non-natural compounds. To enhance the yield of these products, various design strategies have been developed. In this chapter, strategies used to enhance metabolic fluxes towards common precursors used in biosynthesis, including pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, TCA cycle intermediates, and aromatics, are discussed. Additionally, strategies related to cofactor availability and mixotrophic conditions for bioproduction are also summarize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Y Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Jason T Ku
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Teresa P Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Jenny J Hung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Billy C Hung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Ethan I Lan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hwang HG, Milito A, Yang JS, Jang S, Jung GY. Riboswitch-guided chalcone synthase engineering and metabolic flux optimization for enhanced production of flavonoids. Metab Eng 2023; 75:143-152. [PMID: 36549411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a group of secondary metabolites from plants that have received attention as high value-added pharmacological substances. Recently, a robust and efficient bioprocess using recombinant microbes has emerged as a promising approach to supply flavonoids. In the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, the rate of chalcone synthesis, the first committed step, is a major bottleneck. However, chalcone synthase (CHS) engineering was difficult because of high-level conservation and the absence of effective screening tools, which are limited to overexpression or homolog-based combinatorial strategies. Furthermore, it is necessary to precisely regulate the metabolic flux for the optimum availability of malonyl-CoA, a substrate of chalcone synthesis. In this study, we engineered CHS and optimized malonyl-CoA availability to establish a platform strain for naringenin production, a key molecular scaffold for various flavonoids. First, we engineered CHS through synthetic riboswitch-based high-throughput screening of rationally designed mutant libraries. Consequently, the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of the optimized CHS enzyme was 62% higher than that of the wild-type enzyme. In addition to CHS engineering, we designed genetic circuits using transcriptional repressors to fine-tune the malonyl-CoA availability. The best mutant with synergistic effects of the engineered CHS and the optimized genetic circuit produced 98.71 mg/L naringenin (12.57 mg naringenin/g glycerol), which is the highest naringenin concentration and yield from glycerol in similar culture conditions reported to date, a 2.5-fold increase compared to the parental strain. Overall, this study provides an effective strategy for efficient production of flavonoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Gyu Hwang
- Institute of Environmental and Energy Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Alfonsina Milito
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jae-Seong Yang
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sungho Jang
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, South Korea; Division of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, South Korea; Research Center for Bio Materials & Process Development, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, South Korea.
| | - Gyoo Yeol Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea; School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hu Y, Zhang C, Zou L, Zheng Z, Ouyang J. Efficient biosynthesis of pinosylvin from lignin-derived cinnamic acid by metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:136. [PMID: 36503554 PMCID: PMC9743564 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conversion of lignin-derived aromatic monomers into valuable chemicals has promising potential to improve the economic competitiveness of biomass biorefineries. Pinosylvin is an attractive pharmaceutical with multiple promising biological activities. RESULTS Herein, Escherichia coli was engineered to convert the lignin-derived standard model monomer cinnamic acid into pinosylvin by introducing two novel enzymes from the wood plant: stilbene synthase from Pinus pinea (PpSTS) and 4-Coumarate-CoA ligase from Populus trichocarpa (Ptr4CL4). The expression of Ptr4CL4 drastically improved the production of pinosylvin (42.5 ± 1.1 mg/L), achieving values 15.7-fold higher than that of Ptr4CL5 (another 4-Coumarate-CoA ligase from Populus trichocarpa) in the absence of cerulenin. By adjusting the expression strategy, the optimized engineered strain produced pinosylvin at 153.7 ± 2.2 mg/L with an extremely high yield of 1.20 ± 0.02 mg/mg cinnamic acid in the presence of cerulenin, which is 83.9% ± 1.17 of the theoretical yield. This is the highest reported pinosylvin yield directly from cinnamic acid to date. CONCLUSION Our work highlights the feasibility of microbial production of pinosylvin from cinnamic acid and paves the way for converting lignin-related aromatics to valuable chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueli Hu
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Zou
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaojuan Zheng
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Ouyang
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma T, Zong H, Lu X, Zhuge B. Synthesis of pinene in the industrial strain Candida glycerinogenes by modification of its mevalonate pathway. J Microbiol 2022; 60:1191-1200. [PMID: 36279103 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-2344-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes have many applications and are widely found in nature, but recent progress in synthetic biology has enabled the use of microorganisms as chassis cells for the synthesis of these compounds. Candida glycerinogenes (C. glycerinogenes) is an industrial strain that may be developed as a chassis for the synthesis of terpenes since it has a tolerance to hyperosmolality and high sugar, and has a complete mevalonate (MVA) pathway. However, monoterpenes such as pinene are highly toxic, and the tolerance of C. glycerinogenes to pinene was investigated. We also measured the content of mevalonate and squalene to evaluate the strength of the MVA pathway. To determine terpene synthesis capacity, a pathway for the synthesis of pinene was constructed in C. glycerinogenes. Pinene production was improved by overexpression, gene knockdown and antisense RNA inhibition. Pinene production was mainly enhanced by strengthening the upstream MVA pathway and inhibiting the production of by-products from the downstream pathway. With these strategies, yield could be increased by almost 16 times, to 6.0 mg/L. Overall, we successfully constructed a pinene synthesis pathway in C. glycerinogenes and enhanced pinene production through metabolic modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Lab of Industrial Microorganism & Research and Design Center for Polyols, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zong
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Lab of Industrial Microorganism & Research and Design Center for Polyols, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xinyao Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Lab of Industrial Microorganism & Research and Design Center for Polyols, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhuge
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
- Lab of Industrial Microorganism & Research and Design Center for Polyols, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Z, Li X, Dai Y, Yin L, Azi F, Zhou J, Dong M, Xia X. Sustainable production of genistin from glycerol by constructing and optimizing Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2022; 74:206-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
15
|
A fungal NRPS-PKS enzyme catalyses the formation of the flavonoid naringenin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6361. [PMID: 36289208 PMCID: PMC9606254 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of the flavonoid naringenin in plants and bacteria is commonly catalysed by a type III polyketide synthase (PKS) using one p-coumaroyl-CoA and three malonyl-CoA molecules as substrates. Here, we report a fungal non-ribosomal peptide synthetase -polyketide synthase (NRPS-PKS) hybrid FnsA for the naringenin formation. Feeding experiments with isotope-labelled precursors demonstrate that FnsA accepts not only p-coumaric acid (p-CA), but also p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA) as starter units, with three or four malonyl-CoA molecules for elongation, respectively. In vitro assays and MS/MS analysis prove that both p-CA and p-HBA are firstly activated by the adenylation domain of FnsA. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the PKS portion of FnsA shares high sequence homology with type I PKSs. Refactoring the biosynthetic pathway in yeast with the involvement of fnsA provides an alternative approach for the production of flavonoids such as isorhamnetin and acacetin.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kaku M, Ishidaira M, Satoh S, Ozaki M, Kohari D, Chohnan S. Fatty Acid Production by Enhanced Malonyl-CoA Supply in Escherichia coli. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:269. [PMID: 35881256 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The expression of exogenous genes encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acc) and pantothenate kinase (CoaA) in Escherichia coli enable highly effective fatty acid production. Acc-only strains grown at 37 °C or 23 °C produced an approximately twofold increase in fatty acid content, and additional expression of CoaA achieved a further twofold accumulation. In the presence of pantothenate, which is the starting material for the CoA biosynthetic pathway, the size of the intracellular CoA pool at 23 °C was comparable to that at 30 °C during cultivation, and more than 500 mg/L of culture containing cellular fatty acids was produced, even at 23 °C. However, the highest yield of cellular fatty acids (1100 mg/L of culture) was produced in cells possessing the gene encoding type I bacterial fatty acid synthase (FasA) along with the acc and coaA, when the transformant was cultivated at 30 °C in M9 minimal salt medium without pantothenate or IPTG. This E. coli transformant contained 141 mg/L of oleic acid attributed to FasA under noninducible conditions. The increased fatty acid content was brought about by a greatly improved specific productivity of 289 mg/g of dry cell weight. Thus, the effectiveness of the foreign acc and coaA in fatty acid production was unambiguously confirmed at culture temperatures of 23 °C to 37 °C. Cofactor engineering in E. coli using the exogenous coaA and acc genes resulted in fatty acid production over 1 g/L of culture and could effectively function at 23 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moena Kaku
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Ibaraki University College of Agriculture, 3-21-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0393, Japan
| | - Mei Ishidaira
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Ibaraki University College of Agriculture, 3-21-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0393, Japan
| | - Shusaku Satoh
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Ibaraki University College of Agriculture, 3-21-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0393, Japan
| | - Miho Ozaki
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Ibaraki University College of Agriculture, 3-21-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0393, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kohari
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Ibaraki University College of Agriculture, 3-21-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0393, Japan
| | - Shigeru Chohnan
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Ibaraki University College of Agriculture, 3-21-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0393, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Isogai S, Tominaga M, Kondo A, Ishii J. Plant Flavonoid Production in Bacteria and Yeasts. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.880694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, a major group of secondary metabolites in plants, are promising for use as pharmaceuticals and food supplements due to their health-promoting biological activities. Industrial flavonoid production primarily depends on isolation from plants or organic synthesis, but neither is a cost-effective or sustainable process. In contrast, recombinant microorganisms have significant potential for the cost-effective, sustainable, environmentally friendly, and selective industrial production of flavonoids, making this an attractive alternative to plant-based production or chemical synthesis. Structurally and functionally diverse flavonoids are derived from flavanones such as naringenin, pinocembrin and eriodictyol, the major basic skeletons for flavonoids, by various modifications. The establishment of flavanone-producing microorganisms can therefore be used as a platform for producing various flavonoids. This review summarizes metabolic engineering and synthetic biology strategies for the microbial production of flavanones. In addition, we describe directed evolution strategies based on recently-developed high-throughput screening technologies for the further improvement of flavanone production. We also describe recent progress in the microbial production of structurally and functionally complicated flavonoids via the flavanone modifications. Strategies based on synthetic biology will aid more sophisticated and controlled microbial production of various flavonoids.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang S, Jin X, Jiang W, Wang Q, Qi Q, Liang Q. The Expression Modulation of the Key Enzyme Acc for Highly Efficient 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid Production. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:902848. [PMID: 35633674 PMCID: PMC9130761 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.902848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is a promising high value-added chemical. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acc) is a vital rate-limiting step in 3-HP biosynthesis through the malonyl-CoA pathway. However, Acc toxicity in cells during growth blocks its ability to catalyze acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA. The balancing of Acc and malonyl-CoA reductase (MCR) expression is another an unexplored but key process in 3-HP production. To solve these problems, in the present study, we developed a method to mitigate Acc toxicity cell growth through Acc subunits (AccBC and DtsR1) expression adjustment. The results revealed that cell growth and 3-HP production can be accelerated through the adjustment of DtsR1 and AccBC expression. Subsequently, the balancing Acc and MCR expression was also employed for 3-HP production, the engineered strain achieved the highest titer of 6.8 g/L, with a high yield of 0.566 g/g glucose and productivity of 0.13 g/L/h, in shake-flask fermentation through the malonyl-CoA pathway. Likewise, the engineered strain also had the highest productivity (1.03 g/L/h) as well as a high yield (0.246 g/g glucose) and titer (up to 38.13 g/L) in fed-batch fermentation, constituting the most efficient strain for 3-HP production through the malonyl-CoA pathway using a cheap carbon source. This strategy might facilitate the production of other malonyl-CoA-derived chemical compounds in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Quanfeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Thuan NH, Tatipamula VB, Viet TT, Tien NQD, Loc NH. Bioproduction of eriodictyol by Escherichia coli engineered co-culture. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:112. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
20
|
Wu X, Liu J, Liu D, Yuwen M, Koffas MAG, Zha J. Biosynthesis of eriodictyol from tyrosine by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:86. [PMID: 35568867 PMCID: PMC9107716 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01815-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Eriodictyol is a bioactive flavonoid compound that shows potential applications in medicine development and food processing. Microbial synthesis of eriodictyol has been attracting increasing attention due to several benefits. In this study, we employed a GRAS strain Corynebacterium glutamicum as the host to produce eriodictyol directly from tyrosine. Results We firstly optimized the biosynthetic module of naringenin, the upstream intermediate for eriodictyol production, through screening of different gene orthologues. Next, to improve the level of the precursor malonyl-CoA necessary for naringenin production, we introduced matB and matC from Rhizobium trifolii into C. glutamicum to convert extracellular malonate to intracellular malonyl-CoA. This combinatorial engineering resulted in around 35-fold increase in naringenin production from tyrosine compared to the initial recombinant C. glutamicum. Subsequently, the hpaBC genes from E. coli encoding 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase were expressed in C. glutamicum to synthesize eriodictyol from naringenin. Further optimization of the biotransformation process parameters led to the production of 14.10 mg/L eriodictyol. Conclusions The biosynthesis of the ortho-hydroxylated flavonoid eriodictyol in C. glutamicum was achieved for the first time via functional expression of E. coli hpaBC, providing a baseline strain for biosynthesis of other complex flavonoids. Our study demonstrates the potential application of C. glutamicum as a host microbe for the biosynthesis of value-added natural compounds from tyrosine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Miaomiao Yuwen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
| | - Jian Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu J, Tian M, Wang Z, Xiao F, Huang X, Shan Y. Production of hesperetin from naringenin in an engineered Escherichia coli consortium. J Biotechnol 2022; 347:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
22
|
Fidan O, Zhan J, Ren J. Engineered production of bioactive natural products from medicinal plants. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_66_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
23
|
Fidan O, Zhan J, Ren J. Engineered production of bioactive natural products from medicinal plants. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2311-8571.336839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
24
|
Li J, Xu F, Ji D, Tian C, Sun Y, Mutanda I, Ren Y, Wang Y. Diversion of metabolic flux towards 5-deoxy(iso)flavonoid production via enzyme self-assembly in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng Commun 2021; 13:e00185. [PMID: 34631421 PMCID: PMC8488244 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2021.e00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Deoxy(iso)flavonoids are structural representatives of phenylpropanoid-derived compounds and play critical roles in plant ecophysiology. Recently, 5-deoxy(iso)flavonoids gained significant interest due to their potential applications as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and food additives. Given the difficulties in their isolation from native plant sources, engineered biosynthesis of 5-deoxy(iso)flavonoids in a microbial host is a highly promising alternative approach. However, the production of 5-deoxy(iso)flavonoids is hindered by metabolic flux imbalances that result in a product profile predominated by non-reduced analogues. In this study, GmCHS7 (chalcone synthase from Glycine max) and GuCHR (chalcone reductase from Glycyrrhizza uralensis) were preliminarily utilized to improve the CHR ratio (CHR product to total CHS product). The use of this enzyme combination improved the final CHR ratio from 39.7% to 50.3%. For further optimization, a protein-protein interaction strategy was employed, basing on the spatial adhesion of GmCHS7:PDZ and GuCHR:PDZlig. This strategy further increased the ratio towards the CHR-derived product (54.7%), suggesting partial success of redirecting metabolic flux towards the reduced branch. To further increase the total carbon metabolic flux, 15 protein scaffolds were programmed with stoichiometric arrangement of the three sequential catalysts GmCHS7, GuCHR and MsCHI (chalcone isomerase from Medicago sativa), resulting in a 1.4-fold increase in total flavanone production, from 69.4 mg/L to 97.0 mg/L in shake flasks. The protein self-assembly strategy also improved the production and direction of the lineage-specific compounds 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone and daidzein in Escherichia coli. This study presents a significant advancement of 5-deoxy(iso)flavonoid production and provides the foundation for production of value-added 5-deoxy(iso)flavonoids in microbial hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fanglin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- He'nan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, He'nan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Dongni Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chenfei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yuwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ishmael Mutanda
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuhong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Multi-level rebalancing of the naringenin pathway using riboswitch-guided high-throughput screening. Metab Eng 2021; 67:417-427. [PMID: 34416365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant microbes have emerged as promising alternatives to natural sources of naringenin-a key molecular scaffold for flavonoids. In recombinant strains, expression levels of the pathway genes should be optimized at both transcription and the translation stages to precisely allocate cellular resources and maximize metabolite production. However, the optimization of the expression levels of naringenin generally relies on evaluating a small number of variants from libraries constructed by varying transcription efficiency only. In this study, we introduce a systematic strategy for the multi-level optimization of biosynthetic pathways. We constructed a multi-level combinatorial library covering both transcription and translation stages using synthetic T7 promoter variants and computationally designed 5'-untranslated regions. Furthermore, we identified improved strains through high-throughput screening based on a synthetic naringenin riboswitch. The most-optimized strain obtained using this approach exhibited a 3-fold increase in naringenin production, compared with the parental strain in which only the transcription efficiency was modulated. Furthermore, in a fed-batch bioreactor, the optimized strain produced 260.2 mg/L naringenin, which is the highest concentration reported to date using glycerol and p-coumaric acid as substrates. Collectively, this work provides an efficient strategy for the expression optimization of the biosynthetic pathways.
Collapse
|
26
|
Wu J, Zhou L, Duan X, Peng H, Liu S, Zhuang Q, Pablo CM, Fan X, Ding S, Dong M, Zhou J. Applied evolution: Dual dynamic regulations-based approaches in engineering intracellular malonyl-CoA availability. Metab Eng 2021; 67:403-416. [PMID: 34411702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Malonyl-CoA is an important building block for microbial synthesis of numerous pharmaceutically interesting or fatty acid-derived compounds including polyketides, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and fatty acids. However, the tightly regulated intracellular malonyl-CoA availability often impedes overall product formation. Here, in order to unleash this tightly cellular behavior, we present evolution: dual dynamic regulations-based approaches to write artificial robust and dynamic function into intricate cellular background. Firstly, a conserved core domain based evolutionary principles were incorporated into genome mining to explore the biosynthetic diversities of discrete acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) families, as malonyl-CoA is solely derived from carboxylation of acetyl-CoA by ACC in most organisms. A comprehensive phylogenomic and further experimental analysis, which included genomes of 50 strains throughout representative species, was performed to recapitulate the evolutionary history and reveal that previously unnoticed ACC families from Salmonella enterica exhibited the highest activities among all the candidates. A set of orthogonal and bi-functional quorum-sensing (QS)-based regulation tools were further designed and connected with T7 RNA polymerase as genetic amplifier to achieve dual dynamic control in a high dynamic range, which allowed us to efficiently activate and repress different sets of genes dynamically and independently. These genetic circuits were then combined with ACC of S. enterica and CRISPRi system to reprogram central metabolism that rewired the tightly regulated malonyl-CoA pathway to a robust and autonomous behavior, leading to a 29-fold increase of malony-CoA availability. We applied this dual regulation tool to successfully synthesizing malonyl-CoA-derived compound (2S)-naringenin, and achieved the highest production (1073.8 mg/L) reported to date associate with dramatic decreases of by-product formation. Notably, the whole fermentation presents as an autonomous behavior, totally eliminating human supervision and inducer supplementation. Hence, the constructed evolution: dual dynamic regulations-based approaches pave the way to develop an economically viable and scalable procedure for microbial production of malonyl-CoA derived compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Lin Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xuguo Duan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Hu Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Shike Liu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Qianqian Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Cruz-Morales Pablo
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Xia Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Shijie Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Mingsheng Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ji D, Li J, Xu F, Ren Y, Wang Y. Improve the Biosynthesis of Baicalein and Scutellarein via Manufacturing Self-Assembly Enzyme Reactor In Vivo. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1087-1094. [PMID: 33880917 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein and scutellarein are bioactive flavonoids isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi; however, there is a lack of effective strategies for producing baicalein and scutellarein. In this study, we developed a sequential self-assembly enzyme reactor involving two enzymes in the baicalein pathway with a pair of protein-peptide interactions in E. coli. These domains enabled us to optimize the stoichiometry of two baicalein biosynthetic enzymes recruited to be an enzymes complex. This strategy reduces the accumulation of intermediates and removes the pathway bottleneck. With this strategy, we successfully promoted the titer of baicalein by 6.6-fold (from 21.6 to 143.5 mg/L) and that of scutellarein by 1.4-fold (from 84.3 to 120.4 mg/L) in a flask fermentation, respectively. Furthermore, we first achieved the de novo biosynthesis of baicalein directly from glucose, and the strain was capable of producing 214.1 mg/L baicalein by fed-batch fermentation. This work provides novel insights for future optimization and large-scale fermentation of baicalein and scutellarein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fanglin Xu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, He’nan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yuhong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yong Wang
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hu’nan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Awad G, Garnier A. Maximization of saturated fatty acids through the production of P450BM3 monooxygenase in the engineered Escherichia coli. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
29
|
Gao S, Xu X, Zeng W, Xu S, Lyv Y, Feng Y, Kai G, Zhou J, Chen J. Efficient Biosynthesis of (2 S)-Eriodictyol from (2 S)-Naringenin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through a Combination of Promoter Adjustment and Directed Evolution. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:3288-3297. [PMID: 33226782 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The compound (2S)-eriodictyol is an important flavonoid that can be derived from (2S)-naringenin through flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) catalyzation. F3'H is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that requires a cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) to function. However, P450s have limited applications in industrial scale biosynthesis, owing to their low activity. Here, an efficient SmF3'H and a matched SmCPR were identified from Silybum marianum. To improve the efficiency of SmF3'H, we established a high-throughput detection method for (2S)-eriodictyol, in which the promoter combination of SmF3'H and SmCPR were optimized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results revealed that SmF3'H/SmCPR should be expressed by using promoters with similar and strong expression levels. Furthermore, directed evolution was applied to further improve the efficiency of SmF3'H/SmCPR. With the optimized promoter and mutated combinations SmF3'HD285N/SmCPRI453V, the (2S)-eriodictyol titer was improved to 3.3 g/L, the highest titer in currently available reports. These results indicated that S. cerevisiae is an ideal platform for functional expression of flavonoid related P450 enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Sha Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yunbin Lyv
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yue Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Motwalli O, Uludag M, Mijakovic I, Alazmi M, Bajic VB, Gojobori T, Gao X, Essack M. PATH cre8: A Tool That Facilitates the Searching for Heterologous Biosynthetic Routes. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:3217-3227. [PMID: 33198455 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Developing computational tools that can facilitate the rational design of cell factories producing desired products at increased yields is challenging, as the tool needs to take into account that the preferred host organism usually has compounds that are consumed by competing reactions that reduce the yield of the desired product. On the other hand, the preferred host organisms may not have the native metabolic reactions needed to produce the compound of interest; thus, the computational tool needs to identify the metabolic reactions that will most efficiently produce the desired product. In this regard, we developed the generic tool PATHcre8 to facilitate an optimized search for heterologous biosynthetic pathway routes. PATHcre8 finds and ranks biosynthesis routes in a large number of organisms, including Cyanobacteria. The tool ranks the pathways based on feature scores that reflect reaction thermodynamics, the potentially toxic products in the pathway (compound toxicity), intermediate products in the pathway consumed by competing reactions (product consumption), and host-specific information such as enzyme copy number. A comparison with several other similar tools shows that PATHcre8 is more efficient in ranking functional pathways. To illustrate the effectiveness of PATHcre8, we further provide case studies focused on isoprene production and the biodegradation of cocaine. PATHcre8 is free for academic and nonprofit users and can be accessed at https://www.cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/pathcre8/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olaa Motwalli
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Electronic University (SEU), College of Computing and Informatics, Madinah 41538-53307, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmut Uludag
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Chalmers University of Technology, Division of Systems & Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Meshari Alazmi
- Department of Information and Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81411, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir B. Bajic
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Damough S, Sabzalinezhad M, Talebkhan Y, Nematollahi L, Bayat E, Torkashvand F, Adeli A, Jahandar H, Barkhordari F, Mahboudi F. Optimization of culture conditions for high-level expression of soluble and active tumor necrosis factor-α in E. coli. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 179:105805. [PMID: 33290843 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anti-TNF inhibitors exert their therapeutic effect by inhibition of the excessive amounts of TNF-α within the body. Recombinant TNF-α should be produced in a soluble refolded form to investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of anti-TNF-α compounds. In this research, the designed cassette was subcloned in the pET28a expression vector and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The identity of the protein was confirmed through SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. After optimizing expression conditions, protein purification was performed using native Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The biological activity of the soluble recombinant TNF-α was investigated using MTT assay. Also, the affinity of an anti-TNF-α agent, Altebrel, was investigated against the expressed protein through ELISA. Optimization of TNF-α expression conditions represented that the highest expression could be achieved at 37 °C using 0.5 mM IPTG 6 h post-induction. The recombinant protein represented an inhibitory effect on the L929 murine fibroblast cell line and was successfully detected by Altebrel in ELISA. Binding kinetics were also studied using Cimzia as an anti-TNF-α molecule and 7.2 E-13M was calculated as the equilibrium dissociation constant value (KD). The significant expression level of the recombinant protein in the soluble form, its high purity, and assessment of its biological activity showed that the expressed protein could be used in tests of ELISA and MTT to assess the activity of anti-TNF-α agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Damough
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yeganeh Talebkhan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Leila Nematollahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Bayat
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Adeli
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Jahandar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sheng H, Sun X, Yan Y, Yuan Q, Wang J, Shen X. Metabolic Engineering of Microorganisms for the Production of Flavonoids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:589069. [PMID: 33117787 PMCID: PMC7576676 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.589069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of secondary metabolites found in plant and fungus. They have been widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries owing to their significant biological activities, such as antiaging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. However, the traditional approaches for the production of flavonoids including chemical synthesis and plant extraction involved hazardous materials and complicated processes and also suffered from low product titer and yield. Microbial synthesis of flavonoids from renewable biomass such as glucose and xylose has been considered as a sustainable and environmentally friendly method for large-scale production of flavonoids. Recently, construction of microbial cell factories for efficient biosynthesis of flavonoids has gained much attention. In this article, we summarize the recent advances in microbial synthesis of flavonoids including flavanones, flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, flavanols, and anthocyanins. We put emphasis on developing pathway construction and optimization strategies to biosynthesize flavonoids and to improve their titer and yield. Then, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives on successful strain development for large-scale production of flavonoids in an industrial level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huakang Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Raesource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Raesource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Yan
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Raesource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Raesource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Raesource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chrzanowski G. Saccharomyces Cerevisiae-An Interesting Producer of Bioactive Plant Polyphenolic Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197343. [PMID: 33027901 PMCID: PMC7582661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary phenolic metabolites are defined as valuable natural products synthesized by different organisms that are not essential for growth and development. These compounds play an essential role in plant defense mechanisms and an important role in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food, and agricultural industries. Despite the vast chemical diversity of natural compounds, their content in plants is very low, and, as a consequence, this eliminates the possibility of the production of these interesting secondary metabolites from plants. Therefore, microorganisms are widely used as cell factories by industrial biotechnology, in the production of different non-native compounds. Among microorganisms commonly used in biotechnological applications, yeast are a prominent host for the diverse secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is often regarded as a better host organism for the heterologous production of phenolic compounds, particularly if the expression of different plant genes is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Chrzanowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Enhancement of fatty acid biosynthesis by exogenous acetyl-CoA carboxylase and pantothenate kinase in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2595-2605. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02996-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
35
|
Yang H, Qin J, Wang X, EI-Shora HM, Yu B. Production of plant-derived anticancer precursor glucoraphanin in chromosomally engineered Escherichia coli. Microbiol Res 2020; 238:126484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
36
|
Dunstan MS, Robinson CJ, Jervis AJ, Yan C, Carbonell P, Hollywood KA, Currin A, Swainston N, Feuvre RL, Micklefield J, Faulon JL, Breitling R, Turner N, Takano E, Scrutton NS. Engineering Escherichia coli towards de novo production of gatekeeper (2 S)-flavanones: naringenin, pinocembrin, eriodictyol and homoeriodictyol. Synth Biol (Oxf) 2020; 5:ysaa012. [PMID: 33195815 PMCID: PMC7644443 DOI: 10.1093/synbio/ysaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural plant-based flavonoids have drawn significant attention as dietary supplements due to their potential health benefits, including anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and anti-asthmatic activities. Naringenin, pinocembrin, eriodictyol and homoeriodictyol are classified as (2S)-flavanones, an important sub-group of naturally occurring flavonoids, with wide-reaching applications in human health and nutrition. These four compounds occupy a central position as branch point intermediates towards a broad spectrum of naturally occurring flavonoids. Here, we report the development of Escherichia coli production chassis for each of these key gatekeeper flavonoids. Selection of key enzymes, genetic construct design and the optimization of process conditions resulted in the highest reported titers for naringenin (484 mg/l), improved production of pinocembrin (198 mg/l) and eriodictyol (55 mg/l from caffeic acid), and provided the first example of in vivo production of homoeriodictyol directly from glycerol (17 mg/l). This work provides a springboard for future production of diverse downstream natural and non-natural flavonoid targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Dunstan
- Manchester aaSynthetic Biology Research Centre for Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Christopher J Robinson
- Manchester aaSynthetic Biology Research Centre for Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Adrian J Jervis
- Manchester aaSynthetic Biology Research Centre for Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Cunyu Yan
- Manchester aaSynthetic Biology Research Centre for Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Pablo Carbonell
- Manchester aaSynthetic Biology Research Centre for Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Katherine A Hollywood
- Manchester aaSynthetic Biology Research Centre for Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Andrew Currin
- Manchester aaSynthetic Biology Research Centre for Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Neil Swainston
- Manchester aaSynthetic Biology Research Centre for Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Rosalind Le Feuvre
- Manchester aaSynthetic Biology Research Centre for Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Jason Micklefield
- Manchester aaSynthetic Biology Research Centre for Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Jean-Loup Faulon
- Manchester aaSynthetic Biology Research Centre for Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
- MICALIS, INRA-AgroParisTech, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy en Josas Cedex, France
| | - Rainer Breitling
- Manchester aaSynthetic Biology Research Centre for Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Nicholas Turner
- Manchester aaSynthetic Biology Research Centre for Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Eriko Takano
- Manchester aaSynthetic Biology Research Centre for Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Nigel S Scrutton
- Manchester aaSynthetic Biology Research Centre for Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gai Z, Wang Y, Ding Y, Qian W, Qiu C, Xie H, Sun L, Jiang Z, Ma Q, Wang L, Ding Z. Exogenous abscisic acid induces the lipid and flavonoid metabolism of tea plants under drought stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12275. [PMID: 32704005 PMCID: PMC7378251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important phytohormone responsible for activating drought resistance, but the regulation mechanism of exogenous ABA on tea plants under drought stress was rarely reported. Here, we analyzed the effects of exogenous ABA on genes and metabolites of tea leaves under drought stress using transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. The results showed that the exogenous ABA significantly induced the metabolic pathways of tea leaves under drought stress, including energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and flavonoids biosynthesis. In which, the exogenous ABA could clearly affect the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis. Meanwhile, it also increased the contents of flavone, anthocyanins, flavonol, isoflavone of tea leaves under drought stress, including, kaempferitrin, sakuranetin, kaempferol, and decreased the contents of glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids and fatty acids of tea leaves under drought stress. The results suggested that the exogenous ABA could alleviate the damages of tea leaves under drought stress through inducing the expression of the genes and altering the contents of metabolites in response to drought stress. This study will be helpful to understand the mechanism of resilience to abiotic stress in tea plant and provide novel insights into enhancing drought tolerance in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshuai Gai
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yiqian Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Wenjun Qian
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Litao Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhongwu Jiang
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Qingping Ma
- College of Agriculture, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, Shandong, China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Fruit Tea Station of Weihai Agricultural and Rural Affairs Service Center, Weihai, 264200, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhou S, Lama S, Jiang J, Sankaranarayanan M, Park S. Use of acetate for the production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid by metabolically-engineered Pseudomonas denitrificans. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123194. [PMID: 32234590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of acetate as carbon feedstock can enhance sustainability and economics of the current bio-productions. This study explored the potential of acetate for the production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid by engineered Pseudomonas denitrificans. Heterologous mcr (encoding malonyl-CoA reductase) from Chloroflexus aurantiacus and endogenous accABCD (encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase) were overexpressed in P. denitrificans. Carbon flux to 3-HP synthesis at the malonyl-CoA node was promoted by suppressing fatty acid synthesis through addition of cerulenin or deletion of fabF gene. In addition, stimulation of glyoxylate shunt and/or TCA cycle were attempted. Recombinant P. denitrificans overexpressing mcr and accABCD produced 19.3 mM 3-HP with cerulenin addition, and 14.2 mM with fabF deletion, respectively. Furthermore, the non-growing cells devoid of fabF could continuously produce 3-HP up to 40.4 mM without losing its production activity for 22 h. This study demonstrates that acetate is a good substrate for 3-HP production by recombinant P. denitrificans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengfang Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Suman Lama
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mugesh Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai 600062, India
| | - Sunghoon Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang X, Shao A, Li Z, Policarpio L, Zhang H. Constructing E. coli Co-Cultures for De Novo Biosynthesis of Natural Product Acacetin. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e2000131. [PMID: 32573941 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Modular co-culture engineering is an emerging approach for biosynthesis of complex natural products. In this study, microbial co-cultures composed of two and three Escherichia coli strains, respectively, are constructed for de novo biosynthesis of flavonoid acacetin, a value-added natural compound possessing numerous demonstrated biological activities, from simple carbon substrate glucose. To this end, the heterologous biosynthetic pathway is divided into different modules, each of which is accommodated in a dedicated E. coli strain for functional expression. After the optimization of the inoculation ratio between the constituent strains, the engineered co-cultures show a 4.83-fold improvement in production comparing to the mono-culture controls. Importantly, cultivation of the three-strain co-culture in shake flasks result in the production of 20.3 mg L-1 acacetin after 48 h. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on acacetin de novo biosynthesis in a heterologous microbial host. The results of this work confirm the effectiveness of modular co-culture engineering for complex flavonoid biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Alan Shao
- School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 77 Hamilton Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Zhenghong Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Lizelle Policarpio
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Engineered citrate synthase alters Acetate Accumulation in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2020; 61:171-180. [PMID: 32569710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic engineering is used to improve titers, yields and generation rates for biochemical products in host microbes such as Escherichia coli. A wide range of biochemicals are derived from the central carbon metabolite acetyl-CoA, and the largest native drain of acetyl-CoA in most microbes including E. coli is entry into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle via citrate synthase (coded by the gltA gene). Since the pathway to any biochemical derived from acetyl-CoA must ultimately compete with citrate synthase, a reduction in citrate synthase activity should facilitate the increased formation of products derived from acetyl-CoA. To test this hypothesis, we integrated into E. coli C ΔpoxB twenty-eight citrate synthase variants having specific point mutations that were anticipated to reduce citrate synthase activity. These variants were assessed in shake flasks for growth and the production of acetate, a model product derived from acetyl-CoA. Mutations in citrate synthase at residues W260, A267 and V361 resulted in the greatest acetate yields (approximately 0.24 g/g glucose) compared to the native citrate synthase (0.05 g/g). These variants were further examined in controlled batch and continuous processes. The results provide important insights on improving the production of compounds derived from acetyl-CoA.
Collapse
|
41
|
Milke L, Marienhagen J. Engineering intracellular malonyl-CoA availability in microbial hosts and its impact on polyketide and fatty acid synthesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6057-6065. [PMID: 32385515 PMCID: PMC7316851 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Malonyl-CoA is an important central metabolite serving as the basic building block for the microbial synthesis of many pharmaceutically interesting polyketides, but also fatty acid-derived compounds including biofuels. Especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, and Corynebacterium glutamicum have been engineered towards microbial synthesis of such compounds in recent years. However, developed strains and processes often suffer from insufficient productivity. Usually, tightly regulated intracellular malonyl-CoA availability is regarded as the decisive bottleneck limiting overall product formation. Therefore, metabolic engineering towards improved malonyl-CoA availability is essential to design efficient microbial cell factories for the production of polyketides and fatty acid derivatives. This review article summarizes metabolic engineering strategies to improve intracellular malonyl-CoA formation in industrially relevant microorganisms and its impact on productivity and product range, with a focus on polyketides and other malonyl-CoA-dependent products.Key Points• Malonyl-CoA is the central building block of polyketide synthesis.• Increasing acetyl-CoA supply is pivotal to improve malonyl-CoA availability.• Improved acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity increases availability of malonyl-CoA.• Fatty acid synthesis as an ambivalent target to improve malonyl-CoA supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Milke
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jan Marienhagen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany. .,Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany. .,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang X, Li Z, Policarpio L, Koffas MAG, Zhang H. De novo biosynthesis of complex natural product sakuranetin using modular co-culture engineering. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4849-4861. [PMID: 32285175 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a large family of plant and fungal natural products, among which many have been found to possess outstanding biological activities. Utilization of engineered microbes as surrogate hosts for heterologous biosynthesis of flavonoids has been investigated extensively. However, current microbial biosynthesis strategies mostly rely on using one microbial strain to accommodate the long and complicated flavonoid pathways, which presents a major challenge for production optimization. Here, we adapt the emerging modular co-culture engineering approach to rationally design, establish and optimize an Escherichia coli co-culture for de novo biosynthesis of flavonoid sakuranetin from simple carbon substrate glucose. Specifically, two E. coli strains were employed to accommodate the sakuranetin biosynthesis pathway. The upstream strain was engineered for pathway intermediate p-coumaric acid production, whereas the downstream strain converted p-coumaric acid to sakuranetin. Through step-wise optimization of the co-culture system, we were able to produce 29.7 mg/L sakuranetin from 5 g/L glucose within 48 h, which is significantly higher than the production by the conventional monoculture-based approach. The co-culture biosynthesis was successfully scaled up in a fed-batch bioreactor, resulting in the production of 79.0 mg/L sakuranetin. To our knowledge, this is the highest bioproduction concentration reported so far for de novo sakuranetin biosynthesis using the heterologous host E. coli. The findings of this work expand the applicability of modular co-culture engineering for addressing the challenges associated with heterologous biosynthesis of complex natural products. KEY POINTS: • De novo biosynthesis of sakuranetin was achieved using E. coli-E. coli co-cultures. • Sakuranetin production by co-cultures was significantly higher than the mono-culture controls. • The co-culture system was optimized by multiple metabolic engineering strategies. • The co-culture biosynthesis was scaled up in fed-batch bioreactor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Zhenghong Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Lizelle Policarpio
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Choi GS, Choo HJ, Kim BG, Ahn JH. Synthesis of acridone derivatives via heterologous expression of a plant type III polyketide synthase in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:73. [PMID: 32197639 PMCID: PMC7085191 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acridone alkaloids are heterocyclic compounds that exhibit a broad-range of pharmaceutical and chemotherapeutic activities, including anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, and antimicrobial effects. Certain plant species such as Citrus microcarpa, Ruta graveolens, and Toddaliopsis bremekampii synthesize acridone alkaloids from anthranilate and malonyl-CoA. RESULTS We synthesized two acridones in Escherichia coli. Acridone synthase (ACS) and anthraniloyl-CoA ligase genes were transformed into E. coli, and the synthesis of acridone was examined. To increase the levels of endogenous anthranilate, we tested several constructs expressing proteins involved in the shikimate pathway and selected the best construct. To boost the supply of malonyl-CoA, genes coding for acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) from Photorhabdus luminescens were overexpressed in E. coli. For the synthesis of 1,3-dihydroxy-10-methylacridone, we utilized an N-methyltransferase gene (NMT) to supply N-methylanthranilate and a new N-methylanthraniloyl-CoA ligase. After selecting the best combination of genes, approximately 17.3 mg/L of 1,3-dihydroxy-9(10H)-acridone (DHA) and 26.0 mg/L of 1,3-dihydroxy-10-methylacridone (NMA) were synthesized. CONCLUSIONS Two bioactive acridone derivatives were synthesized by expressing type III plant polyketide synthases and other genes in E. coli, which increased the supplement of substrates. This study showed that is possible to synthesize diverse polyketides in E. coli using plant polyketide synthases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Sik Choi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Choo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Gyu Kim
- Department of Forest Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangman-do, 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hoon Ahn
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dinh CV, Chen X, Prather KLJ. Development of a Quorum-Sensing Based Circuit for Control of Coculture Population Composition in a Naringenin Production System. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:590-597. [PMID: 32040906 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As synthetic biology and metabolic engineering tools improve, it is feasible to construct more complex microbial synthesis systems that may be limited by the machinery and resources available in an individual cell. Coculture fermentation is a promising strategy for overcoming these constraints by distributing objectives between subpopulations, but the primary method for controlling the composition of the coculture of production systems has been limited to control of the inoculum composition. We have developed a quorum sensing (QS)-based growth-regulation circuit that provides an additional parameter for regulating the composition of a coculture over the course of the fermentation. Implementation of this tool in a naringenin-producing coculture resulted in a 60% titer increase over a system that was optimized by varying inoculation ratios only. We additionally demonstrated that the growth control circuit can be implemented in combination with a communication module that couples transcription in one subpopulation to the cell-density of the other population for coordination of behavior, resulting in an additional 60% improvement in naringenin titer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina V Dinh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kristala L J Prather
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shih ML, Morgan JA. Metabolic flux analysis of secondary metabolism in plants. Metab Eng Commun 2020; 10:e00123. [PMID: 32099803 PMCID: PMC7031320 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2020.e00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous secondary metabolites from plants are important for their medicinal, nutraceutical or sensory properties. Recently, significant progress has been made in the identification of the genes and enzymes of plant secondary metabolic pathways. Hence, there is interest in using synthetic biology to enhance the production of targeted valuable metabolites in plants. In this article, we examine the contribution that metabolic flux analysis will have on informing the rational selection of metabolic engineering targets as well as analysis of carbon and energy efficiency. Compared to microbes, plants have more complex tissue, cellular and subcellular organization, making precise metabolite concentration measurements more challenging. We review different techniques involved in quantifying flux and provide examples illustrating the application of the techniques. For linear and branched pathways that lead to end products with low turnover, flux quantification is straightforward and doesn’t require isotopic labeling. However, for metabolites synthesized via parallel pathways, there is a requirement for isotopic labeling experiments. If the fed isotopically labeled carbons don’t scramble, one needs to apply transient label balancing methods. In the transient case, it is also necessary to measure metabolite concentrations. While flux analysis is not able to directly identify mechanisms of regulation, it is a powerful tool to examine flux distribution at key metabolic nodes in intermediary metabolism, detect flux to wasteful side pathways, and show how parallel pathways handle flux in wild-type and engineered plants under a variety of physiological conditions. Plant secondary metabolites have high economic value to human health and pleasure. Plant secondary metabolites are synthesized by pathways in subcellular compartments. Metabolic flux analysis can guide the selection of metabolic engineering targets.
Collapse
Key Words
- 13C MFA, Steady state isotopically labeled metabolic flux analysis
- BA, Benzoic acid
- DMAPP, Dimethylallyl diphosphate
- GC, Gas chromatography
- INST-MFA, Isotopically non-steady state metabolic flux analysis
- IP, Isopentenyl phosphate
- IPP, Isopentenyl diphosphate
- LC, Liquid chromatography
- MEP, Methylerythritol 4-phosphate
- MFA, Metabolic flux analysis
- MS, Mass spectrometry
- MVA, Mevalonic acid
- MVAP, Mevalonate 5-phosphate
- MVAPP, Mevalonate 5-diphosphate
- Metabolic channeling
- Metabolic flux analysis
- NMR, Nuclear magnetic resonance
- Phe, Phenylalanine
- Plant secondary metabolites
- Stable isotopic labeling
- Subcellular compartmentation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ling Shih
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - John A Morgan
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chu LL, Pandey RP, Dhakal D, Sohng JK. Increased Production of Dicinnamoylmethane Via Improving Cellular Malonyl-CoA Level by Using a CRISPRi in Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:325-340. [PMID: 31853874 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Curcuminoids are natural phenylpropanoids that are biosynthesized via an L-phenylalanine metabolism pathway in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Curcuminoids have various chemopreventive activities and pharmaceutical applications in human life. In this study, we synthesized dicinnamoylmethane, one principal component of curcuminoids, from cinnamic acid by means of co-expression of Oryza sativa curcuminoid synthase and Petroselinum crispum 4-coumarate-CoA ligase in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Moreover, we used CRISPRi systems to knock down the genes in a tricarboxylic acid cycle and fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. The repression of target genes led to an increase of up to 0.236 μmol g-1 DCW of malonyl-CoA in cytosol-engineered E. coli and subsequently increased the biosynthesis of dicinnamoylmethane. We found that the S10 strain containing a CRISPRi repression for three genes, fabF, fabD, and mdh, showed the highest amount of dicinnamoylmethane of 7.54 μM, which is 5.76-fold higher than that of the wild-type strain. Finally, 41.94 μM (~ 11.6 mg) of dicinnamoylmethane was obtained in a 3-L fermenter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luan Luong Chu
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Prasad Pandey
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Dipesh Dhakal
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam, 31460, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Biotechnology, SunMoon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam, 31460, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zang Y, Zha J, Wu X, Zheng Z, Ouyang J, Koffas MAG. In Vitro Naringenin Biosynthesis from p-Coumaric Acid Using Recombinant Enzymes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13430-13436. [PMID: 30919618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Naringenin is an important precursor for the production of a wide spectrum of flavonoids, and its production is of great interest in metabolic engineering. However, in cellular systems, identification of rate-limiting factors is often difficult because of complex regulatory networks. Cell-free catalytic systems emerge as a promising method to address this issue. Here, we explored the cell-free biosystem for naringenin production by combining different sources of 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and chalcone isomerase (CHI). After systematic analysis of enzyme levels, substrate concentrations, and cofactors, 4CL and CHS were found to be crucial to the reaction. The best loading ratio of 4CL/CHS/CHI was 10:10:1, and malonyl-CoA was the limiting factor, as identified previously in fermentation. For the first time, we successfully constructed the system for naringenin production in vitro. Our study will deepen our understanding of the key factors in naringenin production and guide further engineering.
Collapse
|
48
|
Wu Z, Zhao D, Li S, Wang J, Bi C, Zhang X. Combinatorial modulation of initial codons for improved zeaxanthin synthetic pathway efficiency in Escherichia coli. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e930. [PMID: 31532062 PMCID: PMC6925171 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A balanced and optimized metabolic pathway is the basis for efficient production of a target metabolite. Traditional strategies mostly involve the manipulation of promoters or ribosome-binding sites, which can encompass long sequences and can be complex to operate. In this work, we found that by changing only the three nucleotides of the initiation codons, expression libraries of reporter proteins RFP, GFP, and lacZ with a large dynamic range and evenly distributed expression levels could be established in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Thus, a novel strategy that uses combinatorial modulation of initial codons (CMIC) was developed for metabolic pathway optimization and applied to the three genes crtZ, crtY, and crtI of the zeaxanthin synthesis pathway in E. coli. The initial codons of these genes were changed to random nucleotides NNN, and the gene cassettes were assembled into vectors via an optimized strategy based on type II restriction enzymes. With minimal labor time, a combinatorial library was obtained containing strains with various zeaxanthin production levels, including a strain with a titer of 6.33 mg/L and specific production value of 1.24 mg/g DCW-a striking 10-fold improvement over the starting strain. The results demonstrated that CMIC was a feasible technique for conveniently optimizing metabolic pathways. To our best knowledge, this is the first metabolic engineering strategy that relies on manipulating the initiation codons for pathway optimization in E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaiqiang Wu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongdong Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Ave, Tianjin Airport Economic Park, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Siwei Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Ave, Tianjin Airport Economic Park, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Junsong Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Changhao Bi
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Ave, Tianjin Airport Economic Park, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Ave, Tianjin Airport Economic Park, Tianjin, 300308, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu H, Marsafari M, Wang F, Deng L, Xu P. Engineering acetyl-CoA metabolic shortcut for eco-friendly production of polyketides triacetic acid lactone in Yarrowia lipolytica. Metab Eng 2019; 56:60-68. [PMID: 31470116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA is the central metabolic node connecting glycolysis, Krebs cycle and fatty acids synthase. Plant-derived polyketides, are assembled from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, represent a large family of biological compounds with diversified bioactivity. Harnessing microbial bioconversion is considered as a feasible approach to large-scale production of polyketides from renewable feedstocks. Most of the current polyketide production platform relied on the lengthy glycolytic steps to provide acetyl-CoA, which inherently suffers from complex regulation with metabolically-costly cofactor/ATP requirements. Using the simplest polyketide triacetic acid lactone (TAL) as a testbed molecule, we demonstrate that acetate uptake pathway in oleaginous yeast (Yarrowia lipolytica) could function as an acetyl-CoA shortcut to achieve metabolic optimality in producing polyketides. We identified the metabolic bottlenecks to rewire acetate utilization for efficient TAL production in Y. lipolytica, including generation of the driving force for acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA and NADPH. The engineered strain, with the overexpression of endogenous acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1), malic enzyme (MAE1) and a bacteria-derived cytosolic pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), affords robust TAL production with titer up to 4.76 g/L from industrial glacier acetic acid in shake flasks, representing 8.5-times improvement over the parental strain. The acetate-to-TAL conversion ratio (0.149 g/g) reaches 31.9% of the theoretical maximum yield. The carbon flux through this acetyl-CoA metabolic shortcut exceeds the carbon flux afforded by the native glycolytic pathways. Potentially, acetic acid could be manufactured in large-quantity at low-cost from Syngas fermentation or heterogenous catalysis (methanol carbonylation). This alternative carbon sources present a metabolic advantage over glucose to unleash intrinsic pathway limitations and achieve high carbon conversion efficiency and cost-efficiency. This work also highlights that low-cost acetic acid could be sustainably upgraded to high-value polyketides by oleaginous yeast species in an eco-friendly and cost-efficient manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Monireh Marsafari
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA; Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Guilan, Rasht, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Li Deng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Choo HJ, Ahn JH. Synthesis of Three Bioactive Aromatic Compounds by Introducing Polyketide Synthase Genes into Engineered Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8581-8589. [PMID: 31321975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intermediates in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis can serve as substrates for the synthesis of bioactive compounds. In this study we used two intermediates in the shikimate pathway of Escherichia coli, chorismate and anthranilate, to synthesize three bioactive compounds: 4-hydroxycoumarin (4-HC), 2,4-dihydroxyquinoline (DHQ), and 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2(1H)-quinolone (NMQ). We introduced genes for the synthesis of salicylic acid from chorismate to supply the substrate for 4-HC and the gene encoding N-methyltransferase for the synthesis of N-methylanthranilate from anthranilate. Polyketide synthases and coenzyme (Co)A ligases were tested to determine the optimal combination of genes for the synthesis of each compound. We also tested several constructs and identified the best one for increasing levels of endogenous substrates for chorismate, anthranilate, and malonyl-CoA. With the use of these strategies, 255.4 mg/L 4-HC, 753.7 mg/L DHQ, and 17.5 mg/L NMQ were synthesized. This work provides a basis for the synthesis of diverse coumarin and quinoline derivatives with potential medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Choo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hoon Ahn
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|