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San-Emeterio LM, Hidalgo-Galvez MD, de la Rosa JM, Pérez-Ramos I, González-Pérez JA. Impact of future scenarios of climate change on lignin dynamics in soil: A case study in a Mediterranean savannah. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174317. [PMID: 38960189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Lignin is an abundant and recalcitrant biopolymer of major relevance as soil organic matter (SOM) component playing a significant role in its stabilization. In this work, a factorial field experiment was established, where three climatic treatments (W, warming; D, drought; W + D, warming + drought), mimicking future climate change scenarios were installed over five years in a Mediterranean savannah "dehesa", accounting for its landscape diversity (under the tree canopy and in open grassland). A combination of analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS) and the study of biogeochemical proxies based on lignin monomers is used for the direct detection of lignin-derived phenols and to infer possible shifts in lignin dynamics in soil. A total of 27 main lignin-derived methoxyphenols were identified, exhibiting different patterns and proportions, mainly driven by the effect of habitat, hence biomass inputs to SOM. An accelerated decomposition of lignin moieties -(exhibited by higher LG/LS and Al/K + Ac ratios)- is particularly exacerbated by the effect of all climatic treatments. There is also an overall effect on increasing lignin oxidation of side chain in syringyl units, especially under the tree canopy due to the alteration in biomass degradation and potential stimulation of enzyme activities. Conversely, in open grassland these effects are slower since the microbial community is expected to be already adapted to harsher conditions. Our findings suggests that climate change-related temperature and soil moisture deviations impact soil lignin decomposition in dehesas threatening this productive Mediterranean agroecosystem and affecting the mechanism of soil carbon storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M San-Emeterio
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Lenmart Hjelms Väg 9, P. O. Box 7014, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - M D Hidalgo-Galvez
- University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences II, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - J M de la Rosa
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - I Pérez-Ramos
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - J A González-Pérez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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2
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Solano JH, Moitinho MA, Chiaramonte JB, Bononi L, Packer AP, Melo IS, Dini-Andreote F, Tsai SM, Taketani RG. Organic matter decay and bacterial community succession in mangroves under simulated climate change scenarios. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01455-2. [PMID: 39028532 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Mangroves are coastal environments that provide resources for adjacent ecosystems due to their high productivity, organic matter decomposition, and carbon cycling by microbial communities in sediments. Since the industrial revolution, the increase of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) released due to fossil fuel burning led to many environmental abnormalities such as an increase in average temperature and ocean acidification. Based on the hypothesis that climate change modifies the microbial diversity associated with decaying organic matter in mangrove sediments, this study aimed to evaluate the microbial diversity under simulated climate change conditions during the litter decomposition process and the emission of GHG. Thus, microcosms containing organic matter from the three main plant species found in mangroves throughout the State of São Paulo, Brazil (Rhizophora mangle, Laguncularia racemosa, and Avicennia schaueriana) were incubated simulating climate changes (increase in temperature and pH). The decay rate was higher in the first seven days of incubation, but the differences between the simulated treatments were minor. GHG fluxes were higher in the first ten days and higher in samples under increased temperature. The variation in time resulted in substantial impacts on α-diversity and community composition, initially with a greater abundance of Gammaproteobacteria for all plant species despite the climate conditions variations. The PCoA analysis reveals the chronological sequence in β-diversity, indicating the increase of Deltaproteobacteria at the end of the process. The GHG emission varied in function of the organic matter source with an increase due to the elevated temperature, concurrent with the rise in the Deltaproteobacteria population. Thus, these results indicate that under the expected climate change scenario for the end of the century, the decomposition rate and GHG emissions will be potentially higher, leading to a harmful feedback loop of GHG production. This process can happen independently of an impact on the bacterial community structure due to these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanita H Solano
- Brazilian Agricultural. Research Corporation, Embrapa Environment, SP 340. Highway-Km 127.5, Jaguariúna, SP, 13820-000, Brazil
- College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Marta A Moitinho
- Brazilian Agricultural. Research Corporation, Embrapa Environment, SP 340. Highway-Km 127.5, Jaguariúna, SP, 13820-000, Brazil
- College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Josiane B Chiaramonte
- Brazilian Agricultural. Research Corporation, Embrapa Environment, SP 340. Highway-Km 127.5, Jaguariúna, SP, 13820-000, Brazil
- College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Laura Bononi
- Brazilian Agricultural. Research Corporation, Embrapa Environment, SP 340. Highway-Km 127.5, Jaguariúna, SP, 13820-000, Brazil
- College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Packer
- Brazilian Agricultural. Research Corporation, Embrapa Environment, SP 340. Highway-Km 127.5, Jaguariúna, SP, 13820-000, Brazil
| | - Itamar S Melo
- Brazilian Agricultural. Research Corporation, Embrapa Environment, SP 340. Highway-Km 127.5, Jaguariúna, SP, 13820-000, Brazil
| | - Francisco Dini-Andreote
- Department of Plant Science and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Siu Mui Tsai
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G Taketani
- College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
- Centre for Mineral Technology, CETEM, MCTIC Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, Av. Pedro Calmon, 900, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-908, Brazil.
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK.
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3
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Li J, Dong L, Fan M, Shangguan Z. Long-term vegetation restoration promotes lignin phenol preservation and microbial anabolism in forest plantations: Implications for soil organic carbon dynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172635. [PMID: 38643876 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Vegetation restoration contributes to soil organic carbon (C; SOC) sequestration through the accumulation of plant and microbial residues, but the mechanisms underlying this microbially mediated process are not well resolved. To depict the dynamics of plant- and microbial-derived C in restored forest ecosystems, soil samples were collected from Robinia pseudoacacia plantations of different stand ages (15, 25, 35, 45 years old) established on degraded wheat fields. The results showed that the degree of lignin phenol oxidation decreased with increasing stand age (P < 0.05), and hemicellulose-degrading genes were detected at higher relative abundances than other functional gene categories, indicating selective preservation of recalcitrant lignin phenols. Despite both glucosamine (R2 = 0.61, P < 0.001) and muramic acid (R2 = 0.37, P < 0.001) contents trending upward over time, fungal residual C accounted for a greater proportion of SOC compared with bacterial residual C. Accordingly, fungal residual C, which exhibited a similar response pattern as total microbial residual C to vegetation restoration, was considered a major contributor to the SOC pool. These results provided evidence that long-term vegetation restoration enhanced SOC sequestration in R. pseudoacacia forest by promoting the preservation of plant-derived lignin phenols and concomitant microbial anabolism. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis identified two important ecological clusters (i.e., modules) in the fungal network that profoundly influenced lignin phenol oxidation (P < 0.05) and microbial residual C accumulation (P < 0.01). Among the dominant taxa in microbial networks, the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota had potential to degrade recalcitrant C compounds (e.g., cellulose, lignin), whereas the fungal phylum Ascomycota could outcompete for labile C fractions (e.g., dissolved organic C). Findings of this study can enable a mechanistic understanding of SOC stability driven by microbial turnover in restored forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Lingbo Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Miaochun Fan
- Department of Grassland Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Zhouping Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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Zhang S, Zhou X, Chen Y, Du F, Zhu B. Soil organic carbon fractions in China: Spatial distribution, drivers, and future changes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170890. [PMID: 38346657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Soil is the world's largest terrestrial carbon pool and plays an important role in the global carbon cycle, which may be greatly affected by global change. Recently, research frameworks have indicated that division of soil organic carbon (SOC) into two forms particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) can help us better understand SOC cycle. However, there is a lack of the use of meta-analysis combined with machine learning models to explore the spatial distribution of SOC fractions at large scales. Based on 356 studies conducted in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems, we performed a meta-analysis of extracted data and measured data combined with machine learning models to reveal the spatial distribution of soil POC density (POCD) and MAOC density (MAOCD) and the main drivers of variations in POCD and MAOCD. Our study demonstrated that POCD and MAOCD in China's soil were 3.24 and 2.61 kg m-2, with stocks of 31.10 and 25.06 Pg, respectively. Climate, soil, and vegetation properties together explained 44.9 % and 27.2 % of the variation in POCD and MAOCD, respectively. Climate was more important than other variables in controlling the changes in POCD, with mean annual temperature being specifically the main driver. Soil, however, was more important than other variables in controlling changes in MAOCD, with soil clay content being the main driver. Compared to the other climate scenarios, the rate of change in POCD and MAOCD was higher with a 1.5 °C increase in temperature. In the future, we should pay more attention to the impact of climate change on POCD, which provides a theoretical basis for achieving the "dual-carbon" target. Our study contributes to the understanding of the potential mechanisms of the changes in SOC fractions under global change and provides useful information for future prediction models to simulate the impacts of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yusen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Fan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, China.
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Stegenta-Dąbrowska S, Syguła E, Bednik M, Rosik J. Effective Carbon Dioxide Mitigation and Improvement of Compost Nutrients with the Use of Composts' Biochar. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:563. [PMID: 38591413 PMCID: PMC10856095 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Composting is a process that emits environmentally harmful gases: CO2, CO, H2S, and NH3, negatively affecting the quality of mature compost. The addition of biochar to the compost can significantly reduce emissions. For effective CO2 removal, high doses of biochar (up to 20%) are often recommended. Nevertheless, as the production efficiency of biochar is low-up to 90% mass loss-there is a need for research into the effectiveness of lower doses. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to observe the gaseous emissions during the first 10 days of composting with biochars obtained from mature composts. Biochars were produced at 550, 600, and 650 °C, and tested with different doses of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15% per dry matter (d.m.) in composting mixtures, at three incubation temperatures (50, 60, and 70 °C). CO2, CO, H2S, and NH3 emissions were measured daily. The results showed that the biochars effectively mitigate CO2 emissions during the intensive phase of composting. Even 3-6% d.m. of compost biochars can reduce up to 50% of the total measured gas emissions (the best treatment was B650 at 60 °C) and significantly increase the content of macronutrients. This study confirmed that even low doses of compost biochars have the potential for enhancing the composting process and improving the quality of the material quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Street 37a, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (S.S.-D.); (E.S.)
| | - Ewa Syguła
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Street 37a, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (S.S.-D.); (E.S.)
| | - Magdalena Bednik
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka Street 53, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Joanna Rosik
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Street 37a, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (S.S.-D.); (E.S.)
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Guo L, Yu Z, Li Y, Xie Z, Wang G, Liu J, Hu X, Wu J, Liu X, Jin J. Stimulation of primed carbon under climate change corresponds with phosphorus mineralization in the rhizosphere of soybean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165580. [PMID: 37467990 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Elevated CO2 and temperature likely alter photosynthetic carbon inputs to soils, which may stimulate soil microbial activity to accelerate the decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC), liberating more phosphorus (P) into the soil solution. However, this hypothesis on the association of SOC decomposition and P transformation in the plant rhizosphere requires robust soil biochemical evidence, which is critical to nutrient management for the mitigation of soil quality against climate change. This study investigated the microbial functional genes relevant to P mineralization together with priming processes of SOC in the rhizosphere of soybean grown under climate change. Soybean plants were grown under elevated CO2 (eCO2, 700 ppm) combined with warming (+ 2 °C above ambient temperature) in open-top chambers. Photosynthetic carbon flow in the plant-soil continuum was traced with 13CO2 labeling. The eCO2 plus warming treatment increased the primed carbon (C) by 43 % but decreased the NaHCO3-extratable organic P by 33 %. Furthermore, NaHCO3-Po was negatively correlated with phosphatase activity and microbial biomass C. Elevated CO2 increased the abundances of C degradation genes, such as abfA and ManB, and P mineralization genes, such as gcd, phoC and phnK. The results suggested that increased photosynthetic carbon inputs to the rhizosphere of plants under eCO2 plus warming stimulated the microbial population and metabolic functions of both SOC and organic P mineralization. There is a positive relationship between the rhizosphere priming effect and P mineralization. The response of microorganisms to plant-C flow is decisive for coupled C and P cycles, which are likely accelerated under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guo
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; Institute of Geographical, Henan Academy of Sciences, 64 Longhai Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhenhua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhihuang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Guanghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaojing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Junjiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Soybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Soybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China; Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia.
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Chen X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Shen Y, He X, Xiao C. A Natural Moisture Gradient Affects Soil Fungal Communities on the South Shore of Hulun Lake, Inner Mongolia, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050549. [PMID: 37233260 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil moisture content (SWC) can change the diversity and composition of soil fungal communities by affecting soil texture and soil nutrients. To explore the response of soil fungal communities to moisture in the grassland ecosystem on the south shore of Hulun Lake, we set up a natural moisture gradient that was subdivided into high (HW), medium (MW), and low (LW) water contents. Vegetation was investigated by quadrat method, and aboveground biomass was collected by the mowing method. Soil physicochemical properties were obtained by internal experiments. The composition of the soil fungal community was determined using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed significant differences in soil texture, nutrients, and fungal species diversity under the moisture gradients. Although there was significant clustering of fungal communities in different treatments, the fungal community composition was not significantly different. According to the phylogenetic tree, the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most important branches. The fungal species diversity was smaller when SWC was higher, and in this environment (HW), the fungal-dominant species were significantly related to SWC and soil nutrients. At this time, soil clay formed a protective barrier for the survival of the dominant classes Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes and increased their relative abundance. In summary, the fungal community responded significantly to SWC on the southern shore of the Hulun Lake ecosystem in Inner Mongolia, China, and the fungal community composition of the HW group was stable and easier to survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yushu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ecological Function Assessment and Regulation Technology of Green Space, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yuting Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaojia He
- The Administrative Center for China's Agenda 21, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Chunwang Xiao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
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Effects of Close-to-Nature Transformation on Soil Enzyme Activities and Organic Carbon Fractions in Cuninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana Plantations. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Soil enzymes are involved in the process of mineralization of soil organic matters. The close-to-nature transformation (CNT) of plantations changes the soil enzyme activities by changing the composition of stand vegetation, which in turn affects the change process of soil organic carbon. We therefore selected two typical coniferous plantations in southwest China, Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolate, to explore the effects of CNT on soil enzyme activities and soil organic carbon, and the relationship between them is explored through comparative study. Compared with control stands (CCK and PCK), CNT enhanced soil organic carbon; the content of water-soluble organic carbon in the 0–10 cm soil layer of the transformed C. lanceolata plantations (CCN) is 81.29% higher than those in the control stands (p < 0.05); the contents of particulate organic carbon and water-soluble organic carbon in the 10–30 cm soil layer are 95.42% and 48.68% higher than those in the control stands (p < 0.05), respectively; after the CNT, the protease, urease, and acid phosphatase in C. lanceolata plantations were higher than control stands, while protease and catalase in P. massoniana plantations were higher than control stands. Correlation analysis showed that catalase and protease were more closely related to organic carbon components than other organic enzymes; redundancy analysis (RDA) results show that pH and total nitrogen are key factors that cause changes in carbon fractions after the CNT. In general, CNT enhanced soil organic carbon in coniferous plantations, which was more conducive to soil organic carbon accumulation but had a negative effect on soil organic carbon stability to a certain extent. Therefore, the effect of tree species configuration on soil carbon stability components should be considered in the forest management practice.
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Yin X, Wang W, Wang A, He M, Lin C, Ouyang W, Liu X. Microbial community structure and metabolic potential in the coastal sediments around the Yellow River Estuary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151582. [PMID: 34785215 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Yellow River Estuary and Laizhou Bay are located on the northern Shandong Peninsula in the Bohai Sea in China and have been polluted by intensive anthropogenic activity. However, few studies have focused on the effect of these activities on the microbial communities and their ecological functions in this area. In this study, the combination of 16S rDNA gene sequencing and GeoChip technology was used to analyzed the microbial community component and their functional genes. Thaumarchaeot and Bacteroidetes are the most abundant phyla. The results of correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) showed water depth (r2 = 0.76, P = 0.005), total Na content (r2 = 0.63, P = 0.021) and total Ca content (r2 = 0.53, P = 0.05) in the sediments were the most significant environmental factors affecting the microbial community. The diversity of the microbial community and signal intensity of functional genes at nearshore sites (N sites) were higher than that at the offshore sites (O sites), but the component of microbial community and functional genes was similar in general. Functional genes for C, N, P and S cycle were detected at both nearshore and offshore sites, which illustrated that microbial communities were active in nutrient cycle. Proteobacteria contributes significantly to material cycle in microbial community. In addition, functional genes related to organic remediation and metal detoxification are also abundant. It indicated that the environmental pollution caused by anthropogenic activities has greatly affected the microbial community components and their biochemical functions in the Yellow River Estuary and surrounding areas. This study reveals the effect of anthropogenic activities on microbial communities and provides the basis for environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mengchang He
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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10
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Lang X, Xu A, Wang Y, Song Z. Seasonal variation of aerosol fungal community structure in reed constructed wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:19420-19431. [PMID: 34718950 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the impact of biological aerosols produced by sewage treatment plants on air quality and human health has become a hot spot of concern. Airborne fungi were characterized via KC-1000 large-flow air sampler and Anderson-type six-stage sampler, at free surface flowing reed constructed wetland located in Qingdao City, Shandong Province. The high-throughput sequencing technology and fungal culture-dependent method were selected to analyze the composition and dynamic changes of the fungal community attached to the atmospheric particulate matter in the free surface flow constructed wetland. The results showed that the aerosol concentration of fungi in the constructed wetlands varied from 587 to approximately 3382 CFU m-3, with a peak at the range of 1.10 to 2.10 μm particle size, and the particles (< 4.70 μm) that easily entered the lungs accounted for 57.03 ~ 96.03%. Significant seasonal differences in fungal richness and community diversity were found. The particle size distribution of fungi in atmospheric particles was not obvious. Fungal genera in the atmospheric particulate matter were mainly driven by humidity. However, other factors, i.e., temperature, NO2, SO2, and PM10 contents, also contributed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulu Lang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ailing Xu
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhiwen Song
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China.
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11
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Oh S, Choi IG, Choi JW. Pretreatment of bio-oil with ion exchange resin to improve fuel quality and reduce char during hydrodeoxygenation upgrading with Pt/C. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:1132-1144. [PMID: 31429387 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1658810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To obtain high-quality biofuel, bio-oil obtained from fast pyrolysis of woody biomass was pretreated with ion exchange resin (amberlyst 36) at 50°C, 100°C, and 150°C, and then the recovered liquid product was upgraded using hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) with Pt/C at 300°C. After the two-stage upgrading, 4 types of products (gas, light oil, heavy oil, and char) were obtained. Two-immiscible liquid products were consisted of organic heavy oil, derived from bio-oil, and aqueous light oil, based on the ethanol. The mass balances of the HDO products were influenced by the pretreatment temperature. Ion exchange pretreatment of bio-oil was effective in reducing the char formation during the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process. The pretreatment also improved the following heavy oil properties: the water content, heating value, viscosity, acidity, and oxygen level. As a parameter used to indicate the biofuel acidity, the total acid number (TAN) value, was clearly reduced from 114.5 (bio-oil) to 34.1-78.2 (heavy oils). Furthermore, the water and oxygen contents of bio-oil (21.1 and 52.6 wt%, respectively) declined after the pretreatment followed by HDO (ranged 5.1-6.9 and 19.0-25.5 wt%, respectively), thereby improving its higher heating value (HHV) from 17.2 MJ/kg (bio-oil) to 26.2-28.1 MJ/kg (heavy oils). The degree of deoxygenation (DOD) increased as the pretreatment temperature decreased, and the highest energy efficiency (79.8%) was observed after pretreatment at 100°C. In terms of catalyst deactivation during the reaction, both carbon deposition and surface cracking intensified with increasing pretreatment temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinyoung Oh
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Gyu Choi
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Weon Choi
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Cheng J, Yang Y, Yuan MM, Gao Q, Wu L, Qin Z, Shi ZJ, Schuur EAG, Cole JR, Tiedje JM, Zhou J. Winter warming rapidly increases carbon degradation capacities of fungal communities in tundra soil: Potential consequences on carbon stability. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:926-937. [PMID: 33305411 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High-latitude tundra ecosystems are increasingly affected by climate warming. As an important fraction of soil microorganisms, fungi play essential roles in carbon degradation, especially the old, chemically recalcitrant carbon. However, it remains obscure how fungi respond to climate warming and whether fungi, in turn, affect carbon stability of tundra. In a 2-year winter soil warming experiment of 2°C by snow fences, we investigated responses of fungal communities to warming in the active layer of an Alaskan tundra. Although fungal community composition, revealed by the 28S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, remained unchanged (p > .05), fungal functional gene composition, revealed by a microarray named GeoChip, was altered (p < .05). Changes in functional gene composition were linked to winter soil temperature, thaw depth, soil moisture, and gross primary productivity (canonical correlation analysis, p < .05). Specifically, relative abundances of fungal genes encoding invertase, xylose reductase and vanillin dehydrogenase significantly increased (p < .05), indicating higher carbon degradation capacities of fungal communities under warming. Accordingly, we detected changes in fungal gene networks under warming, including higher average path distance, lower average clustering coefficient and lower percentage of negative links, indicating that warming potentially changed fungal interactions. Together, our study reveals higher carbon degradation capacities of fungal communities under short-term warming and highlights the potential impacts of fungal communities on tundra ecosystem respiration, and consequently future carbon stability of high-latitude tundra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Cheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengting M Yuan
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Qun Gao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyou Wu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Ziyan Qin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou J Shi
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Gladstone Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Edward A G Schuur
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - James R Cole
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - James M Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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13
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He J, Xie J, Su D, Zheng Z, Diao Z, Lyu S. Organic carbon storage and its influencing factors under climate warming of sediments in steppe wetland, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19703-19713. [PMID: 32221831 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of climate warming on soil organic carbon (SOC) of sediment in wetlands is important for accurately projecting SOC content. Thus, understanding the mechanism influencing SOC content under climate warming is necessary. Field investigation and a laboratory incubation experiment were conducted in Hulunbeier steppe wetland during 2016 and 2017. Four types of wetland were selected to incubate with ambient temperature and temperature increased by 2.5 °C. The results showed that SOC content was negatively affected by temperature warming. The SOC content reduction in sediment caused by increasing temperature was ranged from - 2.34 to 39.52%. In addition, the content of sand, silt, total phosphorus (TP), calcium phosphate tribasic (Ca-P), total nitrogen (TN), and sediment moisture (MC) should be considered in models of SOC content in steppe wetland. However, it requires further validation, in particular how SOC content varies with warming temperatures, the duration of incubation, and other abiotic and biotic factors. These findings provide evidence that both climate warming and original characteristics of sediment can control the SOC storage dynamics in the steppe wetland. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jingjie Xie
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Derong Su
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhirong Zheng
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhaoyan Diao
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Shihai Lyu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China.
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14
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Kim JY, Oh S, Park YK. Overview of biochar production from preservative-treated wood with detailed analysis of biochar characteristics, heavy metals behaviors, and their ecotoxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121356. [PMID: 31628056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Concerns over the disposal of preservative-treated wood waste and its related environmental problems are the main driving forces of research into the recycling of preservative-treated wood. Preservative-treated wood waste composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin with several types of heavy metals can be recycled in various ways, such as wood-based composites, heavy metal extraction, energy recovery, etc. In particular, thermochemical conversion has attracted considerable attention recently because energy can be recovered from biomass as liquid fuel and bio-oil, as well as produce bio-char with a high carbon content, which can be applied to valuable products, such as soil amendment, adsorbents, solid fuels, and catalyst supports. On the other hand, environmental issues, such as heavy metal volatilization and heavy metal leaching, are still a challenge. This review reports the state-of-the-art knowledge of biochar production from preservative-treated wood with the main focus on the feedstock, process technology, biochar characteristics, application, and environmental issues. This review provides important information for future studies into the recycling of preservative-treated woods into biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Kim
- Division of Wood Chemistry, Forest Products Department, National Institute of Forest Science, 57 Hoegiro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinyoung Oh
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Li X, Gao D, Hou L, Liu M. Salinity stress changed the biogeochemical controls on CH 4 and N 2O emissions of estuarine and intertidal sediments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:593-601. [PMID: 30368188 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Elevated salinity is expected to drive changes in biogeochemical cycling and microbial communities in estuarine and intertidal wetlands. However, limited information regarding the role of salinity in shaping biogeochemical controls and mediating greenhouse gas emissions is currently available. In this study, we used incubation experiment across salinity gradients of the estuarine and intertidal sediments to reveal the underlying interconnections of CH4 and N2O emissions, biogeochemical controls and salinity gradients. Our results indicated that sediment biogeochemical properties were significantly affected by the increasing salinity, which were attributed to the accelerated sediment enzyme activities. The increasing salinity promoted CH4 and N2O emission rates by stimulating organic carbon decomposition and nitrogen transformation rates. In addition, the copy number of mcrA, nirS and nirK genes increased along with the salinity gradients, which strongly mediated the CH4 and N2O emission rates. Stepwise regression analysis suggested that labile organic carbon and denitrification were the most crucial determinants of CH4 and N2O emission rates, respectively. Overall, salinity could enhance CH4 and N2O emission mainly by altering sediment geochemical variables, microbial activity and functional gene abundance in estuarine and intertidal environments. Furthermore, increasing salinity could enhance the carbon and nitrogen export, which may pose a threat to the ecological function of estuarine and intertidal ecosystems. This study may contribute to the knowledge about the importance of biogeochemical controls induced by salinity in mediating greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Dengzhou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lijun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Costal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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16
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Short-Term Response of the Soil Microbial Abundances and Enzyme Activities to Experimental Warming in a Boreal Peatland in Northeast China. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11030590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is likely to influence the soil microorganisms and enzyme activity and alter the carbon and nitrogen balance of peatland ecosystems. To investigate the difference in sensitivities of carbon and nitrogen cycling microorganisms and enzyme activity to warming, we conducted three-year warming experiments in a boreal peatland. Our findings demonstrated that both mcrA and nirS gene abundance in shallow soil and deep soil exhibited insensitivity to warming, while shallow soil archaea 16S rRNA gene and amoA gene abundance in both shallow soil and deep soil increased under warming. Soil pmoA gene abundance of both layers, bacterial 16S rRNA gene abundance in shallow soil, and nirK gene abundance in deep soil decreased due to warming. The decreases of these gene abundances would be a result of losing labile substrates because of the competitive interactions between aboveground plants and underground soil microorganisms. Experimental warming inhibited β-glucosidase activity in two soil layers and invertase activity in deep soil, while it stimulated acid phosphatase activity in shallow soil. Both temperature and labile substrates regulate the responses of soil microbial abundances and enzyme activities to warming and affect the coupling relationships of carbon and nitrogen. This study provides a potential microbial mechanism controlling carbon and nitrogen cycling in peatland under climate warming.
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17
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Chen J, Luo Y, García-Palacios P, Cao J, Dacal M, Zhou X, Li J, Xia J, Niu S, Yang H, Shelton S, Guo W, van Groenigen KJ. Differential responses of carbon-degrading enzyme activities to warming: Implications for soil respiration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:4816-4826. [PMID: 29999577 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular enzymes catalyze rate-limiting steps in soil organic matter decomposition, and their activities (EEAs) play a key role in determining soil respiration (SR). Both EEAs and SR are highly sensitive to temperature, but their responses to climate warming remain poorly understood. Here, we present a meta-analysis on the response of soil cellulase and ligninase activities and SR to warming, synthesizing data from 56 studies. We found that warming significantly enhanced ligninase activity by 21.4% but had no effect on cellulase activity. Increases in ligninase activity were positively correlated with changes in SR, while no such relationship was found for cellulase. The warming response of ligninase activity was more closely related to the responses of SR than a wide range of environmental and experimental methodological factors. Furthermore, warming effects on ligninase activity increased with experiment duration. These results suggest that soil microorganisms sustain long-term increases in SR with warming by gradually increasing the degradation of the recalcitrant carbon pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chen
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
- Department for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Pablo García-Palacios
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Junji Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Marina Dacal
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, Tiantong National Field Observation Station for Forest Ecosystem, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jianyang Xia
- Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, Tiantong National Field Observation Station for Forest Ecosystem, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyi Yang
- College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Shelby Shelton
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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18
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Sun Q, Wang R, Hu Y, Yao L, Guo S. Spatial variations of soil respiration and temperature sensitivity along a steep slope of the semiarid Loess Plateau. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195400. [PMID: 29624600 PMCID: PMC5889173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial heterogeneity of soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity pose a great challenge to accurately estimate the carbon flux in global carbon cycling, which has primarily been researched in flatlands versus hillslope ecosystems. On an eroded slope (35°) of the semiarid Loess Plateau, soil respiration, soil moisture and soil temperature were measured in situ at upper and lower slope positions in triplicate from 2014 until 2016, and the soil biochemical and microbial properties were determined. The results showed that soil respiration was significantly greater (by 44.2%) at the lower slope position (2.6 μmol m–2 s–1) than at the upper slope position, as were soil moisture, carbon, nitrogen fractions and root biomass. However, the temperature sensitivity was 13.2% greater at the upper slope position than at the lower slope position (P < 0.05). The soil fungal community changed from being Basidiomycota-dominant at the upper slope position to being Zygomycota-dominant at the lower slope position, corresponding with increased β-D-glucosidase activity at the upper slope position than at the lower slope position. We concluded that soil respiration was enhanced by the greater soil moisture, root biomass, carbon and nitrogen contents at the lower slope position than at the upper slope position. Moreover, the increased soil respiration and decreased temperature sensitivity at the lower slope position were partially due to copiotrophs replacing oligotrophs. Such spatial variations along slopes must be properly accounted for when estimating the carbon budget and feedback of future climate change on hillslope ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
| | - Yaxian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Shengli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
- * E-mail:
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19
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Bailey VL, Bond-Lamberty B, DeAngelis K, Grandy AS, Hawkes CV, Heckman K, Lajtha K, Phillips RP, Sulman BN, Todd-Brown KEO, Wallenstein MD. Soil carbon cycling proxies: Understanding their critical role in predicting climate change feedbacks. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:895-905. [PMID: 28991399 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of processes and interactions that drive soil C dynamics necessitate the use of proxy variables to represent soil characteristics that cannot be directly measured (correlative proxies), or that aggregate information about multiple soil characteristics into one variable (integrative proxies). These proxies have proven useful for understanding the soil C cycle, which is highly variable in both space and time, and are now being used to make predictions of the fate and persistence of C under future climate scenarios. However, the C pools and processes that proxies represent must be thoughtfully considered in order to minimize uncertainties in empirical understanding. This is necessary to capture the full value of a proxy in model parameters and in model outcomes. Here, we provide specific examples of proxy variables that could improve decision-making, and modeling skill, while also encouraging continued work on their mechanistic underpinnings. We explore the use of three common soil proxies used to study soil C cycling: metabolic quotient, clay content, and physical fractionation. We also consider how emerging data types, such as genome-sequence data, can serve as proxies for microbial community activities. By examining some broad assumptions in soil C cycling with the proxies already in use, we can develop new hypotheses and specify criteria for new and needed proxies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Bond-Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kristen DeAngelis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - A Stuart Grandy
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Christine V Hawkes
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kate Heckman
- Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Kate Lajtha
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Richard P Phillips
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Benjamin N Sulman
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Matthew D Wallenstein
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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20
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Korai PK, Xia X, Liu X, Bian R, Omondi MO, Nahayo A, Pan G. Extractable pool of biochar controls on crop productivity rather than greenhouse gas emission from a rice paddy under rice-wheat rotation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:802. [PMID: 29339780 PMCID: PMC5770379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of extractable pool of biochar in crop productivity and soil greenhouse gas (GHGs) emission is not yet clear. In this study, two biochars with and without extraction was added to a paddy before rice transplantation at 20 t·ha-1. Crop yield, plant traits and greenhouse gas emission monitored throughout a rice-wheat rotation. Between the biochar treatments, changes in bulk density and microbial biomass carbon were insignificant. However, the increase in organic carbon was similar between maize and wheat biochars while higher under bulk wheat biochar than extracted one. The increase in available P and K was higher under wheat than maize biochar regardless of extraction. Moreover, the increase in plant traits and grain yield, in rice season only, was higher under bulk than extracted biochars. Yet, there was no difference in changes in GHGs emission between bulk and extracted biochars regardless of feedstock. Nevertheless, increased methane emission for rice season was lower under extracted biochars than bulk ones. Overall, crop productivity rather than GHGs emission was affected by treatment of extraction of biochars. Thus, use of unextracted biochar is recommended for improving soil crop productivity in the paddy soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punhoon Khan Korai
- Center of Biomass and Biochar Green Technology, Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Xia
- Center of Biomass and Biochar Green Technology, Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Center of Biomass and Biochar Green Technology, Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Rongjun Bian
- Center of Biomass and Biochar Green Technology, Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Morris Oduor Omondi
- Center of Biomass and Biochar Green Technology, Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Alphonse Nahayo
- Center of Biomass and Biochar Green Technology, Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Genxing Pan
- Center of Biomass and Biochar Green Technology, Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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21
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Liang J, Yang Z, Tang L, Zeng G, Yu M, Li X, Wu H, Qian Y, Li X, Luo Y. Changes in heavy metal mobility and availability from contaminated wetland soil remediated with combined biochar-compost. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:281-288. [PMID: 28448909 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The combination of biochar and compost has been proven to be effective in heavy metals contaminated wetland soil restoration. However, the influence of different proportions between biochar and compost on immobilization of heavy metals in soil has been less studied up to date. Therefore, we investigated the effect of different ratios of biochar-compost mixtures on availability and speciation distribution of heavy metals (Cd, Zn and Cu) in wetland soil. The results showed that applying all amendment combinations into wetland soil increased gradually the total organic carbon (TOC) and water-extract organic carbon (WEOC) as the compost percentage rose in biochar-composts. The higher pH was obtained in a certain biochar addition (20% and 40%) in combinations due to efficient interaction of biochar with compost. All amendments could significantly decrease availability of Cd and Zn mainly from pH change, but increase available Cu concentration as the result of increased water-extract organic carbon and high total Cu content in compost. Moreover, amendments can decrease easily exchangeable fraction and increase reducible of Cd and Zn greatly with increase of compost content in combinations, while amendments containing compost promote transformation of Cu from Fe/Mn oxide and residual fractions to organic bindings. These results demonstrate that different ratios of biochar and compost have a significant effect on availability and speciation of heavy metals in multi-metal-contaminated wetland soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Zhaoxue Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Man Yu
- Environmental Resources and Soil Fertilizer Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Haipeng Wu
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, PR China
| | - Yingying Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Xuemei Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yuan Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
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22
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Wang C, Wang G, Wang Y, Zi H, Lerdau M, Liu W. Effects of long-term experimental warming on plant community properties and soil microbial community composition in an alpine meadow. Isr J Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15659801.2017.1281201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Gu XZ, Chen KN, Wang ZD. Response of N₂O emissions to elevated water depth regulation: comparison of rhizosphere versus non-rhizosphere of Phragmites australis in a field-scale study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:5268-5276. [PMID: 26561329 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) from wetland ecosystems are globally significant and have recently received increased attention. However, relatively few direct studies of these emissions in response to water depth-related changes in sediment ecosystems have been conducted, despite the likely role they play as hotspots of N2O production. We investigated depth-related differential responses of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen distribution in Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. rhizosphere versus non-rhizosphere sediments to determine if they accelerated N2O emissions and the release of inorganic nitrogen. Changes in static water depth and P. australis growth both had the potential to disrupt the distribution of porewater dissolved NH4 (+), NO3 (-), and NO2 (-) in profiles, and NO3 (-) had strong surface aggregation tendency and decreased significantly with depth. Conversely, the highest NO2 (-) contents were observed in deep water and the lowest in shallow water in the P. australis rhizosphere. When compared with NO3 (-), NH4 (+), and NO2 (-), fluxes from the rhizosphere were more sensitive to the effects of water depth, and both fluxes increased significantly at a depth of more than 1 m. Similarly, N2O emissions were obviously accelerated with increasing depth, although those from the rhizosphere were more readily controlled by P. australis. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that water depth was significantly related to N2O emission and NO2 (-) fluxes, and N2O emissions were also strongly dependent on NO2 (-) fluxes (r = 0.491, p < 0.05). The results presented herein provide new insights into inorganic nitrogen biogeochemical cycles in freshwater sediment ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, 73# East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai-Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, 73# East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-de Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, 73# East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210008, People's Republic of China
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24
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Zeng G, Wu H, Liang J, Guo S, Huang L, Xu P, Liu Y, Yuan Y, He X, He Y. Efficiency of biochar and compost (or composting) combined amendments for reducing Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb bioavailability, mobility and ecological risk in wetland soil. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04834f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar and compost (or composting) combined amendments had higher efficiency for remediation of heavy metals polluted soils.
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25
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Du Y, Guo P, Liu J, Wang C, Yang N, Jiao Z. Different types of nitrogen deposition show variable effects on the soil carbon cycle process of temperate forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2014; 20:3222-3228. [PMID: 24615991 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition significantly affects the soil carbon (C) cycle process of forests. However, the influence of different types of N on it still remained unclear. In this work, ammonium nitrate was selected as an inorganic N (IN) source, while urea and glycine were chosen as organic N (ON) sources. Different ratios of IN to ON (1 : 4, 2 : 3, 3 : 2, 4 : 1, and 5 : 0) were mixed with equal total amounts and then used to fertilize temperate forest soils for 2 years. Results showed that IN deposition inhibited soil C cycle processes, such as soil respiration, soil organic C decomposition, and enzymatic activities, and induced the accumulation of recalcitrant organic C. By contrast, ON deposition promoted these processes. Addition of ON also resulted in accelerated transformation of recalcitrant compounds into labile compounds and increased CO2 efflux. Meanwhile, greater ON deposition may convert C sequestration in forest soils into C source. These results indicated the importance of the IN to ON ratio in controlling the soil C cycle, which can consequently change the ecological effect of N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Du
- Hebei College of Industry and Technology, Hongqi Street 626, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
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26
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Linking stoichiometric homeostasis of microorganisms with soil phosphorus dynamics in wetlands subjected to microcosm warming. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85575. [PMID: 24475045 PMCID: PMC3903482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil biogeochemical processes and the ecological stability of wetland ecosystems under global warming scenarios have gained increasing attention worldwide. Changes in the capacity of microorganisms to maintain stoichiometric homeostasis, or relatively stable internal concentrations of elements, may serve as an indicator of alterations to soil biogeochemical processes and their associated ecological feedbacks. In this study, an outdoor computerized microcosm was set up to simulate a warmed (+5°C) climate scenario, using novel, minute-scale temperature manipulation technology. The principle of stoichiometric homeostasis was adopted to illustrate phosphorus (P) biogeochemical cycling coupled with carbon (C) dynamics within the soil-microorganism complex. We hypothesized that enhancing the flux of P from soil to water under warming scenarios is tightly coupled with a decrease in homeostatic regulation ability in wetland ecosystems. Results indicate that experimental warming impaired the ability of stoichiometric homeostasis (H) to regulate biogeochemical processes, enhancing the ecological role of wetland soil as an ecological source for both P and C. The potential P flux from soil to water ranged from 0.11 to 34.51 mg m−2 d−1 in the control and 0.07 to 61.26 mg m−2 d−1 in the warmed treatment. The synergistic function of C-P acquisition is an important mechanism underlying C∶P stoichiometric balance for soil microorganisms under warming. For both treatment groups, strongly significant (p<0.001) relationships fitting a negative allometric power model with a fractional exponent were found between n-HC∶P (the specialized homeostatic regulation ability as a ratio of soil highly labile organic carbon to dissolved reactive phosphorus in porewater) and potential P flux. Although many factors may affect soil P dynamics, the n-HC∶P term fundamentally reflects the stoichiometric balance or interactions between the energy landscape (i.e., C) and flow of resources (e.g., N and P), and can be a useful ecological tool for assessing potential P flux in ecosystems.
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27
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Liu M, Zhang Z, He Q, Wang H, Li X, Schoer J. Exogenous phosphorus inputs alter complexity of soil-dissolved organic carbon in agricultural riparian wetlands. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 95:572-580. [PMID: 24182404 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
High-strengthened farmland fertilization leads to mass inputs of nutrients and elements to agricultural riparian wetlands. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of such wetland sediments is an important intermediate in global carbon (C) cycling due to its role in connecting soil C pools with atmospheric CO2. But the impact of phosphorus (P) on sediment DOC is still largely unknown, despite increasing investigations to emphasize P interception by riparian wetlands. Here, we simulated the temporal influences of exogenous P on sediment DOC of riparian wetlands by integrating gradient P loading at rates of 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 60% relative to the initial total phosphorus content of the sediment with the purpose of illustrating the role of external P on the complexity of soil DOC in terms of its amount and composition. After incubating for nine months, a dramatic linear correlation between Olsen-P and fluorescent and ultraviolet spectral indices considered DOC skeleton was observed. Together with a more microbial-derived origin of DOC and a reduction of DOC aromaticity or humicity, the excitation-emission matrix had shown a blue shift reflecting a trend towards a simpler molecular structure of sediment DOC after P addition. Meanwhile, the content of soil DOC and its ratio with total organic carbon (TOC) were also increased by P loading, coupled with enhanced values of highly labile organic carbon and two C-related enzymes. While TOC and recalcitrant organic carbon decreased significantly. Such implications of DOC amounts and composition stimulated by external P loading may enhance its bioavailability, thereby inducing an accelerated effect on soil C cycling and a potential C loss in response to global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- College of Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences, China Academy of West Region Development, ZheJiang University, Yuhangtang Avenue 866, HangZhou, ZheJiang Province 310058, China
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