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Takada S, Yamagishi Y, Tanaka YK, Anan Y, Nagasawa S, Iwase H, Ogra Y. Identification of Tellurium Metabolite in Broccoli Using Complementary Analyses of Inorganic and Organic Mass Spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:1210-1217. [PMID: 38855932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Tellurium (Te) is a chalcogen element like sulfur and selenium. Although it is unclear whether Te is an essential nutrient in organisms, unique Te metabolic pathways have been uncovered. We have previously reported that an unknown Te metabolite (UKTe) was observed in plants exposed to tellurate, a highly toxic Te oxyanion, by liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LC-ICP-MS). In the present study, we detected UKTe in tellurate-exposed broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) by LC-ICP-MS and identified it as gluconic acid-3-tellurate (GA-3Te) using electrospray ionization mass spectrometer with quadrupole-Orbitrap detector and tandem MS analysis, the high-sensitivity and high-resolution mass spectrometry for organic compounds. We also found that GA-3Te was produced from one gluconic acid and one tellurate molecule by direct complexation in an aqueous solution. GA-3Te was significantly less toxic than tellurate on plant growth. This study is the first to identify the Te metabolite GA-3Te in plants and will contribute to the investigation of tellurate detoxification pathways. Moreover, gluconic acid, a natural and biodegradable organic compound, is expected to be applicable to eco-friendly remediation strategies for tellurate contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Takada
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yu-Ki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yasumi Anan
- Faculty of Environmental & Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nagasawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hirotaro Iwase
- Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Ogra
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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Grimm D, Guy N, Lengyel G, Franks J, Maltman C. Gordonia metallireducens sp. nov., a tellurite- and selenite-resistant bacterium isolated from the sediment of an acid mine drainage stream. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37990983 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A polyphasic taxonomic study was carried out on strain TSed Te1T, isolated from sediment of a stream contaminated with acid drainage from a coal mine. The bacterium forms pink-pigmented colonies and has a rod-coccus growth cycle, which also includes some coryneform arrangements. This bacterium is capable of growing in the presence of up to 750 μg ml-1 tellurite and 5000 μg ml-1 selenite, reducing each to elemental form. Nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis associated the strain with Gordonia, with 99.5 and 99.3 % similarity to Gordonia namibiensis and Gordonia rubripertincta, respectively. Computation of the average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization comparisons with the closest phylogenetic neighbour of TSed Te1T revealed genetic differences at the species level, which were further substantiated by differences in several physiological characteristics. The dominant fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1, C16 : 1 and tuberculostearic acid. The DNA G+C content was 67.6 mol%. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside, while MK-9(H2) was the only menaquinone found. Mycolic acids of C56-C60 were present. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid along with arabinose and galactose as the major cell-wall sugars. On the basis of the results obtained in this study, the bacterium was assigned to the genus Gordonia and represents a new species with the name Gordonia metallireducens sp. nov. The type strain is TSed Te1T (=NRRL B-65678T=DSM 114093T).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Grimm
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University College of Arts and Science, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA
| | - Nathan Guy
- Department of Chemistry, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - George Lengyel
- Department of Chemistry, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan Franks
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Chris Maltman
- Department of Biology, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania 16057, USA
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Kuzyk SB, Messner K, Plouffe J, Ma X, Wiens K, Yurkov V. Diverse aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs synthesize bacteriochlorophyll in oligotrophic rather than copiotrophic conditions, suggesting ecological niche. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:2653-2665. [PMID: 37604501 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
While investigating aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs (AAP) from Lake Winnipeg's bacterial community, over 500 isolates were obtained. Relatives of 20 different species were examined simultaneously, identifying conditions for optimal growth or pigment production to determine features that may unify this group of phototrophs. All were distributed among assorted α-Proteobacterial families including Erythrobacteraceae, Sphingomonadaceae, Sphingosinicellaceae, Acetobacteraceae, Methylobacteriaceae, and Rhodobacteraceae. Major phenotypic characteristics matched phylogenetic association, including pigmentation, morphology, metal transformations, tolerances, lipid configurations, and enzyme activities, which distinctly separated each taxonomic family. While varying pH and temperature had a limited independent impact on pigment production, bacteriochlorophyll synthesis was distinctly promoted under low nutrient conditions, whereas copiotrophy repressed its production but enhanced carotenoid yield. New AAP diversity was also reported by revealing strains related to non-phototrophic Rubellimicrobium and Sphingorhabdus, as well as spread throughout Roseomonas, Sphingomonas, and Methylobacterium/Methylorubrum, which previously only had a few known photosynthetic members. This study exemplified the overwhelming diversity of AAP in a single aquatic environment, confirming cultivation continues to be of importance in microbial ecology to discover functionality in both new and previously reported cohorts of bacteria as specific laboratory conditions were required to promote aerobic bacteriochlorophyll production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Kuzyk
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Katia Messner
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Plouffe
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn Wiens
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Vladimir Yurkov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Skeba S, Snyder M, Maltman C. Metallophore Activity toward the Rare Earth Elements by Bacteria Isolated from Acid Mine Drainage Due to Coal Mining. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2672. [PMID: 38004684 PMCID: PMC10673398 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of microbe-metal interactions has been gaining significant attention. While the direct impact of metal oxyanions on bacteria has been investigated, significantly less attention has been placed on the ability of certain microbes to 'collect' such metal ions via secreted proteins. Many bacteria possess low-weight molecules called siderophores, which collect Fe from the environment to be brought back to the cell. However, some appear to have additional roles, including binding other metals, termed 'metallophores'. Microbes can remove/sequester these from their surroundings, but the breadth of those that can be removed is still unknown. Using the Chromeazurol S assay, we identified eight isolates, most belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, possessing siderophore activity, mainly from sites impacted by coal mine drainage, also possessing a metallophore activity toward the rare earth elements that does not appear to be related to ionic radii or previously reported EC50 concentrations for E. coli. We found the strength of metallophore activity towards these elements was as follows: Pr > Sc > Eu > Tm > Tb > Er > Yb > Ce > Lu > Sm > Ho > La > Nd > Dy > Gd > Y. This is the first study to investigate such activity and indicates bacteria may provide a means of removal/recovery of these critical elements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chris Maltman
- Department of Biology, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA 16057, USA
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Pormohammad A, Firrincieli A, Salazar-Alemán DA, Mohammadi M, Hansen D, Cappelletti M, Zannoni D, Zarei M, Turner RJ. Insights into the Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nitrate with Potassium Tellurite against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0062823. [PMID: 37409940 PMCID: PMC10433965 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00628-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The constant, ever-increasing antibiotic resistance crisis leads to the announcement of "urgent, novel antibiotics needed" by the World Health Organization. Our previous works showed a promising synergistic antibacterial activity of silver nitrate with potassium tellurite out of thousands of other metal/metalloid-based antibacterial combinations. The silver-tellurite combined treatment not only is more effective than common antibiotics but also prevents bacterial recovery, decreases the risk of future resistance chance, and decreases the effective concentrations. We demonstrate that the silver-tellurite combination is effective against clinical isolates. Further, this study was conducted to address knowledge gaps in the available data on the antibacterial mechanism of both silver and tellurite, as well as to give insight into how the mixture provides synergism as a combination. Here, we defined the differentially expressed gene profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa under silver, tellurite, and silver-tellurite combination stress using an RNA sequencing approach to examine the global transcriptional changes in the challenged cultures grown in simulated wound fluid. The study was complemented with metabolomics and biochemistry assays. Both metal ions mainly affected four cellular processes, including sulfur homeostasis, reactive oxygen species response, energy pathways, and the bacterial cell membrane (for silver). Using a Caenorhabditis elegans animal model we showed silver-tellurite has reduced toxicity over individual metal/metalloid salts and provides increased antioxidant properties to the host. This work demonstrates that the addition of tellurite would improve the efficacy of silver in biomedical applications. IMPORTANCE Metals and/or metalloids could represent antimicrobial alternatives for industrial and clinical applications (e.g., surface coatings, livestock, and topical infection control) because of their great properties, such as good stability and long half-life. Silver is the most common antimicrobial metal, but resistance prevalence is high, and it can be toxic to the host above a certain concentration. We found that a silver-tellurite composition has antibacterial synergistic effect and that the combination is beneficial to the host. So, the efficacy and application of silver could increase by adding tellurite in the recommended concentration(s). We used different methods to evaluate the mechanism for how this combination can be so incredibly synergistic, leading to efficacy against antibiotic- and silver-resistant isolates. Our two main findings are that (i) both silver and tellurite mostly target the same pathways and (ii) the coapplication of silver with tellurite tends not to target new pathways but targets the same pathways with an amplified change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pormohammad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- CCrest Laboratories, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Firrincieli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Daniel A. Salazar-Alemán
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dave Hansen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Zannoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Renal Division, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raymond J. Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Maltman C, Kuzyk SB, Kyndt JA, Lengyel G, Yurkov V. Shewanella metallivivens sp. nov., a deep-sea hydrothermal vent tube worm endobiont capable of dissimilatory anaerobic metalloid oxyanion reduction. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37477965 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A polyphasic taxonomic study was carried out on a Gram-stain-negative and rod-shaped strain, ER-Te-42B-LightT, isolated from the tissue of a tube worm, Riftia pachyptila, collected near a deep-sea hydrothermal vent of the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the Pacific Ocean. This bacterium was capable of performing anaerobic respiration using tellurite, tellurate, selenite and orthovanadate as terminal electron acceptors. While facultatively anaerobic, it could aerobically resist tellurite, selenite and orthovanadate up to 2000, 7000 and 10000 µg ml-1, respectively, reducing each oxide to elemental forms. Nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity related the strain to Shewanella, with 98.8 and 98.7 % similarity to Shewanella basaltis and Shewanella algicola, respectively. The dominant fatty acids were C16 : 0 and C16 : 1. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol and MK-7 was the predominant quinone. DNA G+C content was 42.5 mol%. Computation of average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values with the closest phylogenetic neighbours of ER-Te-42B-LightT revealed genetic divergence at the species level, which was further substantiated by differences in several physiological characteristics. Based on the obtained results, this bacterium was assigned to the genus Shewanella as a new species with the name Shewanella metallivivens sp. nov., type strain ER-Te-42B-LightT (=VKM B-3580T=DSM 113370T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Maltman
- Department of Biology, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven B Kuzyk
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - John A Kyndt
- College of Science and Technology, Bellevue University, Bellevue, NE, USA
| | - George Lengyel
- Department of Chemistry, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vladimir Yurkov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Kuzyk SB, Ma X, Yurkov V. Seasonal Dynamics of Lake Winnipeg’s Microbial Communities Reveal Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophic Populations Coincide with Sunlight Availability. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091690. [PMID: 36144291 PMCID: PMC9501198 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this first comprehensive study of Lake Winnipeg’s microbial communities, limnetic and littoral euphotic zones were examined during each season from 2016 through 2020. Classical cultivation and modern high-throughput sequencing techniques provided quantification and identification of key phototrophic populations, including aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs (AAP). Annual dynamics found total heterotrophs reached 4.23 × 106 CFU/g in littoral sands, and 7.69 × 104 CFU/mL in summer littoral waters on oligotrophic media, higher counts than for copiotrophic compositions. Limnetic numbers inversely dipped to 4.34 × 103 CFU/mL midsummer. Cultured AAP did not follow heterotrophic trends, instead peaking during the spring in both littoral and limnetic waters as 19.1 and 4.7% of total copiotrophs, or 3.9 and 4.9% of oligotrophs, decreasing till autumn each year. Complementary observations came from environmental 16S V4 rRNA gene analysis, as AAP made up 1.49 and 1.02% of the littoral and limnetic sequenced communities in the spring, declining with seasonal progression. Spatial and temporal fluctuations of microbes compared to environmental factors exposed photosynthetic populations to independently and regularly fluctuate in the ecosystem. Oxygenic phototrophic numbers expectantly matched the midsummer peak of Chl a and b, oxygenic photosynthesis related carbon fixation, and water temperature. Independently, AAP particularly colonized spring littoral areas more than limnetic, and directly corresponded to habitat conditions that specifically promoted growth: the requirement of light and organic material.
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Kessi J, Turner RJ, Zannoni D. Tellurite and Selenite: how can these two oxyanions be chemically different yet so similar in the way they are transformed to their metal forms by bacteria? Biol Res 2022; 55:17. [PMID: 35382884 PMCID: PMC8981825 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This opinion review explores the microbiology of tellurite, TeO32- and selenite, SeO32- oxyanions, two similar Group 16 chalcogen elements, but with slightly different physicochemical properties that lead to intriguing biological differences. Selenium, Se, is a required trace element compared to tellurium, Te, which is not. Here, the challenges around understanding the uptake transport mechanisms of these anions, as reflected in the model organisms used by different groups, are described. This leads to a discussion around how these oxyanions are subsequently reduced to nanomaterials, which mechanistically, has controversies between ideas around the molecule chemistry, chemical reactions involving reduced glutathione and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production along with the bioenergetics at the membrane versus the cytoplasm. Of particular interest is the linkage of glutathione and thioredoxin chemistry from the cytoplasm through the membrane electron transport chain (ETC) system/quinones to the periplasm. Throughout the opinion review we identify open and unanswered questions about the microbial physiology under selenite and tellurite exposure. Thus, demonstrating how far we have come, yet the exciting research directions that are still possible. The review is written in a conversational manner from three long-term researchers in the field, through which to play homage to the late Professor Claudio Vásquez.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Kessi
- Until 2018 - Dept of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raymond J. Turner
- Dept of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Davide Zannoni
- Dept of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Muñoz-Diaz P, Jiménez K, Luraschi R, Cornejo F, Figueroa M, Vera C, Rivas-Pardo A, Sandoval JM, Vásquez C, Arenas F. Anaerobic RSH-dependent tellurite reduction contributes to Escherichia coli tolerance against tellurite. Biol Res 2022; 55:13. [PMID: 35313991 PMCID: PMC8935827 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tellurium is a rare metalloid that exerts high toxicity on cells, especially on bacteria, partly due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Moreover, it has also been observed that tellurite can target free cell thiols groups (RSH) (i.e. reduced glutathione (GSH)), enhancing the cellular redox imbalance. Additionally, in vitro experiments have suggested that several enzymes can reduce tellurite (IV) to its elemental form (0); where RSH present on their active sites may be responsible for the process. Nevertheless, the mechanisms implemented by bacteria for tellurite reduction and its role in resistance have not been evaluated in vivo. RESULTS This work shows that tellurite reduction to elemental tellurium is increased under anaerobic conditions in E. coli cells. The in vivo tellurite reduction is related to the intracellular concentration of total RSH, in the presence and absence of oxygen. This metabolization of tellurite directly contributes to the resistance of the bacteria to the oxyanion. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that in vivo tellurite reduction is related to the intracellular thiol concentration, i.e. large availability of cellular RSH groups, results in a more significant reduction of tellurite. Furthermore, we observed that, when the bacterium exhibits less resistance to the oxyanion, a decreased tellurite reduction was seen, affecting the growth fitness. Together, these results let us propose that tellurite reduction and the intracellular RSH content are related to the oxyanion bacterial resistance, this tripartite mechanism in an oxygen-independent anaerobic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Muñoz-Diaz
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - K Jiménez
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Luraschi
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Cornejo
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Figueroa
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Vera
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Rivas-Pardo
- Laboratorio de Genómica Microbiana, Centro de Genómica Y Bioinformática, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - J M Sandoval
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - C Vásquez
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Arenas
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Alvares JJ, Furtado IJ. Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm activity of tellurium nanorods biosynthesized by cell lysate of Haloferax alexandrinus GUSF-1(KF796625). Biometals 2021; 34:1007-1016. [PMID: 34173930 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic human pathogen, is a major health concern as it grows as a biofilm and evades the host's immune defenses. Formation of biofilms on catheter and endotracheal tubes demands the development of biofilm-preventive (anti-biofilm) approaches and evaluation of nanomaterials as alternatives to antibiotics. The present study reports the successful biosynthesis of tellurium nanorods using cell lysate of Haloferax alexandrinus GUSF-1 (KF796625). The black particulate matter had absorption bands at 0.5 and 3.6 keV suggestive of elemental tellurium; showed x-ray diffraction peaks at 2θ values 24.50°, 28.74°, 38.99°, 43.13°, 50.23° and displayed a crystallite size of 36.99 nm. The black nanorods of tellurium were an average size of 40 nm × 7 nm, as observed in transmission electron microscopy. To our knowledge, the use of cell lysate of Haloferax alexandrinus GUSF-1 (KF796625) as a green route for the biosynthesis of tellurium nanorods with a Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm inhibiting capacity is novel to haloarchaea. At 50 µg mL-1, these tellurium nanorods exhibited 75.03% in-vitro reduction of biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, comparable to that of ciprofloxacin, which is used in treatment of Pseudomonas infections. Further, the observed ability of these nanoparticles to inhibit the formation of Pseudomonas biofilms is worthy of future research perusal.
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Tellurium: A Rare Element with Influence on Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Biological Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115924. [PMID: 34072929 PMCID: PMC8199023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metalloid tellurium is characterized as a chemical element belonging to the chalcogen group without known biological function. However, its compounds, especially the oxyanions, exert numerous negative effects on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Recent evidence suggests that increasing environmental pollution with tellurium has a causal link to autoimmune, neurodegenerative and oncological diseases. In this review, we provide an overview about the current knowledge on the mechanisms of tellurium compounds' toxicity in bacteria and humans and we summarise the various ways organisms cope and detoxify these compounds. Over the last decades, several gene clusters conferring resistance to tellurium compounds have been identified in a variety of bacterial species and strains. These genetic determinants exhibit great genetic and functional diversity. Besides the existence of specific resistance mechanisms, tellurium and its toxic compounds interact with molecular systems, mediating general detoxification and mitigation of oxidative stress. We also discuss the similarity of tellurium and selenium biochemistry and the impact of their compounds on humans.
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12
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Zambonino MC, Quizhpe EM, Jaramillo FE, Rahman A, Santiago Vispo N, Jeffryes C, Dahoumane SA. Green Synthesis of Selenium and Tellurium Nanoparticles: Current Trends, Biological Properties and Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:989. [PMID: 33498184 PMCID: PMC7863925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22030989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and assembly of nanoparticles using green technology has been an excellent option in nanotechnology because they are easy to implement, cost-efficient, eco-friendly, risk-free, and amenable to scaling up. They also do not require sophisticated equipment nor well-trained professionals. Bionanotechnology involves various biological systems as suitable nanofactories, including biomolecules, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and plants. Biologically inspired nanomaterial fabrication approaches have shown great potential to interconnect microbial or plant extract biotechnology and nanotechnology. The present article extensively reviews the eco-friendly production of metalloid nanoparticles, namely made of selenium (SeNPs) and tellurium (TeNPs), using various microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, and plants' extracts. It also discusses the methodologies followed by materials scientists and highlights the impact of the experimental sets on the outcomes and shed light on the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, it features the unique properties displayed by these biogenic nanoparticles for a large range of emerging applications in medicine, agriculture, bioengineering, and bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie C. Zambonino
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador; (M.C.Z.); (E.M.Q.); (F.E.J.); (N.S.V.)
| | - Ernesto Mateo Quizhpe
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador; (M.C.Z.); (E.M.Q.); (F.E.J.); (N.S.V.)
| | - Francisco E. Jaramillo
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador; (M.C.Z.); (E.M.Q.); (F.E.J.); (N.S.V.)
| | - Ashiqur Rahman
- Center for Midstream Management and Science, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA;
- Center for Advances in Water and Air Quality & The Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA;
| | - Nelson Santiago Vispo
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador; (M.C.Z.); (E.M.Q.); (F.E.J.); (N.S.V.)
| | - Clayton Jeffryes
- Center for Advances in Water and Air Quality & The Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA;
| | - Si Amar Dahoumane
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador; (M.C.Z.); (E.M.Q.); (F.E.J.); (N.S.V.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
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Tanaka YK, Takada S, Kumagai K, Kobayashi K, Hokura A, Ogra Y. Elucidation of tellurium biogenic nanoparticles in garlic, Allium sativum, by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126628. [PMID: 32739829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biosynthesis of Te nanoparticles may occur in higher plants exposed to Te, as reported on microorganisms. However, unambiguous observations of the biogenic nanoparticles (BgNPs) of Te in plants are lacking. Hence, in this study, we investigated the formation of insoluble BgNPs of Te in garlic (Allium sativum) as a model plant. METHOD We performed elemental analysis based on inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique, and obtained Te concentration and distribution in various parts of garlic. In addition, insoluble Te particles were detected by fast time-resolved ICP-MS. Direct observation of the insoluble Te particle was also conducted by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). RESULTS A part of the roots and clove from Te-exposed garlic showed black coloration. Te concentrations in the black-colored parts were significantly increased compared with the non-colored parts. Transient signals of Te unique to nanoparticles were detected from the insoluble fractions of the black-colored parts. Finally, rod-shaped biogenic Te nanoparticles consisting of highly crystalline elemental Te was observed by SEM and TEM. CONCLUSION Our data provide new insights to the metabolic pathway of Te in higher plants for the formation of insoluble biogenic nanoparticles, which is extremely important for the detoxification of Te.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shohei Takada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kumagai
- Surface and Nano Analysis Research Group, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Keita Kobayashi
- Surface and Nano Analysis Research Group, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Akiko Hokura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, 5 Senju-Asahi-cho, Adachi, Tokyo 120-8551, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Ogra
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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14
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Martin EK, Kemal S, Henrik NR, Alexander E, Natalia C, Henrik JC, Thomas B, Hans B, Erik K. Triclosan changes community composition and selects for specific bacterial taxa in marine periphyton biofilms in low nanomolar concentrations. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:1083-1094. [PMID: 32661899 PMCID: PMC7427700 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The antibacterial agent Triclosan (TCS) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant due to its widespread use. Sensitivity to TCS varies substantially among eu- and pro-karyotic species and its risk for the marine environment remains to be better elucidated. In particular, the effects that TCS causes on marine microbial communities are largely unknown. In this study we therefore used 16S amplicon rDNA sequencing to investigate TCS effects on the bacterial composition in marine periphyton communities that developed under long-term exposure to different TCS concentrations. Exposure to TCS resulted in clear changes in bacterial composition already at concentrations of 1 to 3.16 nM. We conclude that TCS affects the structure of the bacterial part of periphyton communities at concentrations that actually occur in the marine environment. Sensitive taxa, whose abundance decreased significantly with increasing TCS concentrations, include the Rhodobiaceae and Rhodobacteraceae families of Alphaproteobacteria, and unidentified members of the Candidate division Parcubacteria. Tolerant taxa, whose abundance increased significantly with higher TCS concentrations, include the families Erythrobacteraceae (Alphaproteobacteria), Flavobacteriaceae (Bacteroidetes), Bdellovibrionaceae (Deltaproteobacteria), several families of Gammaproteobacteria, and members of the Candidate phylum Gracilibacteria. Our results demonstrate the variability of TCS sensitivity among bacteria, and that TCS can change marine bacterial composition at concentrations that have been detected in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriksson Karl Martin
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Sanli Kemal
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nilsson Rickard Henrik
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eiler Alexander
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Corcoll Natalia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johansson Carl Henrik
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Backhaus Thomas
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Blanck Hans
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristiansson Erik
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Borghese R, Malferrari M, Brucale M, Ortolani L, Franchini M, Rapino S, Borsetti F, Zannoni D. Structural and electrochemical characterization of lawsone-dependent production of tellurium-metal nanoprecipitates by photosynthetic cells of Rhodobacter capsulatus. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 133:107456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Extreme Environments and High-Level Bacterial Tellurite Resistance. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120601. [PMID: 31766694 PMCID: PMC6955997 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have long been known to possess resistance to the highly toxic oxyanion tellurite, most commonly though reduction to elemental tellurium. However, the majority of research has focused on the impact of this compound on microbes, namely E. coli, which have a very low level of resistance. Very little has been done regarding bacteria on the other end of the spectrum, with three to four orders of magnitude greater resistance than E. coli. With more focus on ecologically-friendly methods of pollutant removal, the use of bacteria for tellurite remediation, and possibly recovery, further highlights the importance of better understanding the effect on microbes, and approaches for resistance/reduction. The goal of this review is to compile current research on bacterial tellurite resistance, with a focus on high-level resistance by bacteria inhabiting extreme environments.
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17
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Beleneva IA, Efimova KV, Eliseikina MG, Svetashev VI, Orlova TY. The tellurite-reducing bacterium Alteromonas macleodii from a culture of the toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum foraminosum. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02435. [PMID: 31687549 PMCID: PMC6819836 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Alteromonas macleodii strain 2328 was isolated from a clonal culture of the toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum foraminosum. The strain exhibits a resistance to high K2TeO3 concentrations (2500 μg/mL). A study of the growth dynamics of the strain exposed to K2TeO3 has shown a longer lag phase and a reduced stationary phase compared to those during cultivation with no toxicant. The fatty acids profile is dominated by 16:1 (n-7), 16:0, 17:1, 15:0, 18:1 (n-7), and 17:0. The 2328 strain belongs to the Gammaproteobacteria and is related to the genus Alteromonas with 99-100% sequence similarity to some intra-genome allele variants (paralogues) of 16S rRNA from A. macleodii. A phylogenetic reconstruction (ML and NJ), based on HyHK amino acid sequences, has revealed that the analyzed 2328 strain forms a common cluster with A. macleodii strains. In the presented work, the ability of A. macleodii to reduce potassium tellurite to elemental tellurium has been recorded for the first time. Bacteria reduce potassium tellurite to Te (0), nanoparticles of which become distributed diffusely and in the form of electron-dense globules in cytoplasm. Large polymorphous metalloid crystals are formed in the extracellular space. Such feature of the A. macleodii strain 2328 makes it quite attractive for biotechnological application as an organism concentrating the rare metalloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Beleneva
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Palchevskogo 17, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Kseniya V Efimova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Palchevskogo 17, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Marina G Eliseikina
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Palchevskogo 17, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia.,Far Eastern Federal University, ul. Sukhanova 8, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia
| | - Vasilii I Svetashev
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Palchevskogo 17, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Tatiana Yu Orlova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Palchevskogo 17, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
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18
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Maltman C, Yurkov V. Bioremediation potential of bacteria able to reduce high levels of selenium and tellurium oxyanions. Arch Microbiol 2018; 200:1411-1417. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zonaro E, Piacenza E, Presentato A, Monti F, Dell'Anna R, Lampis S, Vallini G. Ochrobactrum sp. MPV1 from a dump of roasted pyrites can be exploited as bacterial catalyst for the biogenesis of selenium and tellurium nanoparticles. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:215. [PMID: 29183326 PMCID: PMC5704588 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteria have developed different mechanisms for the transformation of metalloid oxyanions to non-toxic chemical forms. A number of bacterial isolates so far obtained in axenic culture has shown the ability to bioreduce selenite and tellurite to the elemental state in different conditions along with the formation of nanoparticles—both inside and outside the cells—characterized by a variety of morphological features. This reductive process can be considered of major importance for two reasons: firstly, toxic and soluble (i.e. bioavailable) compounds such as selenite and tellurite are converted to a less toxic chemical forms (i.e. zero valent state); secondly, chalcogen nanoparticles have attracted great interest due to their photoelectric and semiconducting properties. In addition, their exploitation as antimicrobial agents is currently becoming an area of intensive research in medical sciences. Results In the present study, the bacterial strain Ochrobactrum sp. MPV1, isolated from a dump of roasted arsenopyrites as residues of a formerly sulfuric acid production near Scarlino (Tuscany, Italy) was analyzed for its capability of efficaciously bioreducing the chalcogen oxyanions selenite (SeO32−) and tellurite (TeO32−) to their respective elemental forms (Se0 and Te0) in aerobic conditions, with generation of Se- and Te-nanoparticles (Se- and TeNPs). The isolate could bioconvert 2 mM SeO32− and 0.5 mM TeO32− to the corresponding Se0 and Te0 in 48 and 120 h, respectively. The intracellular accumulation of nanomaterials was demonstrated through electron microscopy. Moreover, several analyses were performed to shed light on the mechanisms involved in SeO32− and TeO32− bioreduction to their elemental states. Results obtained suggested that these oxyanions are bioconverted through two different mechanisms in Ochrobactrum sp. MPV1. Glutathione (GSH) seemed to play a key role in SeO32− bioreduction, while TeO32− bioconversion could be ascribed to the catalytic activity of intracellular NADH-dependent oxidoreductases. The organic coating surrounding biogenic Se- and TeNPs was also characterized through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. This analysis revealed interesting differences among the NPs produced by Ochrobactrum sp. MPV1 and suggested a possible different role of phospholipids and proteins in both biosynthesis and stabilization of such chalcogen-NPs. Conclusions In conclusion, Ochrobactrum sp. MPV1 has demonstrated to be an ideal candidate for the bioconversion of toxic oxyanions such as selenite and tellurite to their respective elemental forms, producing intracellular Se- and TeNPs possibly exploitable in biomedical and industrial applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Zonaro
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Piacenza
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.,Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Alessandro Presentato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Monti
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Rossana Dell'Anna
- Micro Nano Facility, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, 38123, Povo (TN), Italy
| | - Silvia Lampis
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Vallini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
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20
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Isolation and characterization of the first phage infecting ecologically important marine bacteria Erythrobacter. Virol J 2017; 14:104. [PMID: 28592325 PMCID: PMC5463345 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Erythrobacter comprises a widespread and ecologically significant genus of marine bacteria. However, no phage infecting Erythrobacter spp. has been reported to date. This study describes the isolation and characterization of phage vB_EliS-R6L from Erythrobacter. Methods Standard virus enrichment and double-layer agar methods were used to isolate and characterize the phage. Morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and a one-step growth curve assay was performed. The phage genome was sequenced using the Illumina Miseq platform and annotated using standard bioinformatics tools. Phylogenetic analyses were performed based on the deduced amino acid sequences of terminase, endolysin, portal protein, and major capsid protein, and genome recruitment analysis was conducted using Jiulong River Estuary Virome, Pacific Ocean Virome and Global Ocean Survey databases. Results A novel phage, vB_EliS-R6L, from coastal waters of Xiamen, China, was isolated and found to infect the marine bacterium Erythrobacter litoralis DSM 8509. Morphological observation and genome analysis revealed that phage vB_EliS-R6L is a siphovirus with a 65.7-kb genome that encodes 108 putative gene products. The phage exhibits growth at a wide range of temperature and pH conditions. Genes encoding five methylase-related proteins were found in the genome, and recognition site predictions suggested its resistance to restriction-modification host systems. Genomic comparisons and phylogenetic analyses indicate that phage vB_EliS-R6L is distinct from other known phages. Metagenomic recruitment analysis revealed that vB_EliS-R6L-like phages are widespread in marine environments, with likely distribution in coastal waters. Conclusions Isolation of the first Erythrobacter phage (vB_EliS-R6L) will contribute to our understanding of host-phage interactions, the ecology of marine Erythrobacter and viral metagenome annotation efforts.
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21
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Maltman C, Donald LJ, Yurkov V. Two distinct periplasmic enzymes are responsible for tellurite/tellurate and selenite reduction by strain ER-Te-48 associated with the deep sea hydrothermal vent tube worms at the Juan de Fuca Ridge black smokers. Arch Microbiol 2017; 199:1113-1120. [PMID: 28432382 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Strain ER-Te-48 isolated from a deep-ocean hydrothermal vent tube worm is capable of resisting and reducing extremely high levels of tellurite, tellurate, and selenite, which are used for respiration anaerobically. Tellurite and tellurate reduction is accomplished by a periplasmic enzyme of 215 kDa comprised of 3 subunits (74, 42, and 25 kDa) in a 2:1:1 ratio. The optimum pH and temperature for activity is 8.0 and 35 °C, respectively. Tellurite reduction has a V max of 5.6 µmol/min/mg protein and a K m of 3.9 mM. In the case of the tellurate reaction, V max and K m were 2.6 µmol/min/mg protein and 2.6 mM, respectively. Selenite reduction is carried out by another periplasmic enzyme with a V max of 2.8 µmol/min/mg protein, K m of 12.1 mM, and maximal activity at pH 6.0 and 38 °C. This protein is 165 kDa and comprised of 3 subunits of 98, 44, and 23 kDa in a 1:1:1 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Maltman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Lynda J Donald
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Vladimir Yurkov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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22
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Tellurite and Tellurate Reduction by the Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototroph Erythromonas ursincola, Strain KR99 Is Carried out by a Novel Membrane Associated Enzyme. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5020020. [PMID: 28422063 PMCID: PMC5488091 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythromonas ursincola, strain KR99 isolated from a freshwater thermal spring of Kamchatka Island in Russia, resists and reduces very high levels of toxic tellurite under aerobic conditions. Reduction is carried out by a constitutively expressed membrane associated enzyme, which was purified and characterized. The tellurite reductase has a molecular weight of 117 kDa, and is comprised of two subunits (62 and 55 kDa) in a 1:1 ratio. Optimal activity occurs at pH 7.0 and 28 °C. Tellurite reduction has a Vmax of 5.15 µmol/min/mg protein and a Km of 3.36 mM. The enzyme can also reduce tellurate with a Vmax and Km of 1.08 µmol/min/mg protein and 1.44 mM, respectively. This is the first purified membrane associated Te oxyanion reductase.
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Presentato A, Piacenza E, Anikovskiy M, Cappelletti M, Zannoni D, Turner RJ. Rhodococcus aetherivorans BCP1 as cell factory for the production of intracellular tellurium nanorods under aerobic conditions. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:204. [PMID: 27978836 PMCID: PMC5157098 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tellurite (TeO32−) is recognized as a toxic oxyanion to living organisms. However, mainly anaerobic or facultative-anaerobic microorganisms are able to tolerate and convert TeO32− into the less toxic and available form of elemental Tellurium (Te0), producing Te-deposits or Te-nanostructures. The use of TeO32−-reducing bacteria can lead to the decontamination of polluted environments and the development of “green-synthesis” methods for the production of nanomaterials. In this study, the tolerance and the consumption of TeO32− have been investigated, along with the production and characterization of Te-nanorods by Rhodococcus aetherivorans BCP1 grown under aerobic conditions. Results Aerobically grown BCP1 cells showed high tolerance towards TeO32− with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2800 μg/mL (11.2 mM). TeO32− consumption has been evaluated exposing the BCP1 strain to either 100 or 500 μg/mL of K2TeO3 (unconditioned growth) or after re-inoculation in fresh medium with new addition of K2TeO3 (conditioned growth). A complete consumption of TeO32− at 100 μg/mL was observed under both growth conditions, although conditioned cells showed higher consumption rate. Unconditioned and conditioned BCP1 cells partially consumed TeO32− at 500 μg/mL. However, a greater TeO32− consumption was observed with conditioned cells. The production of intracellular, not aggregated and rod-shaped Te-nanostructures (TeNRs) was observed as a consequence of TeO32− reduction. Extracted TeNRs appear to be embedded in an organic surrounding material, as suggested by the chemical–physical characterization. Moreover, we observed longer TeNRs depending on either the concentration of precursor (100 or 500 μg/mL of K2TeO3) or the growth conditions (unconditioned or conditioned grown cells). Conclusions Rhodococcus aetherivorans BCP1 is able to tolerate high concentrations of TeO32− during its growth under aerobic conditions. Moreover, compared to unconditioned BCP1 cells, TeO32−conditioned cells showed a higher oxyanion consumption rate (for 100 μg/mL of K2TeO3) or to consume greater amount of TeO32− (for 500 μg/mL of K2TeO3). TeO32− consumption by BCP1 cells led to the production of intracellular and not aggregated TeNRs embedded in an organic surrounding material. The high resistance of BCP1 to TeO32− along with its ability to produce Te-nanostructures supports the application of this microorganism as a possible eco-friendly nanofactory. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0602-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Presentato
- Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Elena Piacenza
- Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Max Anikovskiy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Unit of General and Applied Microbiology, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Davide Zannoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Unit of General and Applied Microbiology, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Raymond J Turner
- Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Naz I, Hodgson D, Smith A, Marchesi J, Ahmed S, Avignone-Rossa C, Saroj DP. Effect of the chemical composition of filter media on the microbial community in wastewater biofilms at different temperatures. RSC Adv 2016; 6:104345-104353. [PMID: 28018581 PMCID: PMC5154295 DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21040f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the microbial community composition in the biofilms grown on two different support media in fixed biofilm reactors for aerobic wastewater treatment, using next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The chemical composition of the new type of support medium (TDR) was found to be quite different from the conventionally used support medium (stone). The analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments recovered from the laboratory scale biofilm system show that biofilm support media and temperature conditions influence bacterial community structure and composition. Greater bacterial diversity was observed under each condition, primarily due to the large number of sequences available and sustenance of rare species. There were 6 phyla found, with the highest relative abundance shown by the phylum Proteobacteria (52.71%) followed by Bacteroidetes (33.33%), Actinobacteria (4.65%), Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia (3.1%) and Chloroflex (>1%). The dataset showed 17 genera of bacterial populations to be commonly shared under all conditions, suggesting the presence of a core microbial community in the biofilms for wastewater treatment. However, some genera in the biofilms on TDR were observed in high proportions, which may be attributed to its chemical composition, explaining the improved level of wastewater treatment. The findings show that the structure of microbial communities in biofilm systems for wastewater treatment is affected by the properties of support matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iffat Naz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK. ; Department of Biology, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; Department of Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Douglas Hodgson
- Department of Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Ann Smith
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, UK
| | - Julian Marchesi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, UK; Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Safia Ahmed
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Devendra P Saroj
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
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Borghese R, Canducci L, Musiani F, Cappelletti M, Ciurli S, Turner RJ, Zannoni D. On the role of a specific insert in acetate permeases (ActP) for tellurite uptake in bacteria: Functional and structural studies. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 163:103-109. [PMID: 27421695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The oxyanion tellurite (TeO32-) is extremely toxic to bacterial cells. In Rhodobacter capsulatus, tellurite enters the cytosol by means of the high uptake-rate acetate permease RcActP2, encoded by one of the three actP genes present in this species (actP1, actP2 and actP3). Conversely, in Escherichia coli a low rate influx of the oxyanion is measured, which depends mainly on the phosphate transporter EcPitA, even though E. coli contains its own EcActP acetate permease. Here we report that when the actP2 gene from R. capsulatus is expressed in wild-type E. coli HB101 and in E. coli JW3460 ΔpitA mutant, the cellular intake of tellurite increases up to four times, suggesting intrinsic structural differences between EcActP and RcActP2. Indeed, a sequence analysis indicated the presence in RcActP2 of an insert of 15-16 residues, located between trans-membrane (TM) helices 6 and 7, which is absent in both EcActP and RcActP1. Based on this observation, the molecular models of homodimeric RcActP1 and RcActP2 were calculated and analyzed. In the RcActP2 model, the insert induces a perturbation in the conformation of the loop between TM helices 6 and 7, located at the RcActP2 dimerization interface. This perturbation opens a cavity on the periplasmic side that is closed, instead, in the RcActP1 model. This cavity also features an increase of the positive electric potential on the protein surface, an effect ascribed to specific residues Lys261, Lys281 and Arg560. We propose that this positively charged patch in RcActP2 is involved in recognition and translocation of the TeO32- anion, attributing to RcActP2 a greater ability as compared to RcActP1 to transport this inorganic poison inside the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Borghese
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Laura Canducci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Musiani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ciurli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Raymond J Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Davide Zannoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Maltman C, Yurkov V. The Effect of Tellurite on Highly Resistant Freshwater Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophs and Their Strategies for Reduction. Microorganisms 2015; 3:826-38. [PMID: 27682119 PMCID: PMC5023272 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms3040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Six fresh water aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs (Erythromicrobium ezovicum, strain E1; Erythromicrobium hydrolyticum, E4(1); Erythromicrobium ramosum, E5; Erythromonas ursincola, KR99; Sandaracinobacter sibiricus, RB 16-17; and Roseococcus thiosulfatophilus, RB3) possessing high level resistance to TeO32− and the ability to reduce it to elemental Te were studied to understand their interaction with this highly toxic oxyanion. Tested organic carbon sources, pH, and level of aeration all had an impact on reduction. Physiological and metabolic responses of cells to tellurite varied among strains. In its presence, versus absence, cellular biomass either increased (KR99, 66.6% and E5, 21.2%) or decreased (RB3, 66.1%, E1, 57.8%, RB 16-17, 41.5%, and E4(1), 21.3%). The increase suggests a possible benefit from tellurite. Cellular ATP production was similarly affected, resulting in an increase (KR99, 15.2% and E5, 38.9%) or decrease (E4(1), 31.9%; RB 16-17, 48.8%; RB3, 55.9%; E1, 35.9%). Two distinct strategies to tellurite reduction were identified. The first, found in E4(1), requires de novo protein preparations as well as an undisturbed whole cell. The second strategy, in which reduction depended on a membrane associated constitutive reductase, was used by the remaining strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Maltman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Vladimir Yurkov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Maltman C, Piercey-Normore MD, Yurkov V. Tellurite-, tellurate-, and selenite-based anaerobic respiration by strain CM-3 isolated from gold mine tailings. Extremophiles 2015; 19:1013-9. [PMID: 26254805 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-015-0776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The newly discovered strain CM-3, a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium from gold mine tailings of the Central Mine in Nopiming Provincial Park, Canada, is capable of dissimilatory anaerobic reduction of tellurite, tellurate, and selenite. CM-3 possesses very high level resistance to these oxides, both aerobically and anaerobically. During aerobic growth, tellurite and tellurate resistance was up to 1500 and 1000 µg/ml, respectively. In the presence of selenite, growth occurred at the highest concentration tested, 7000 µg/ml. Under anaerobic conditions, resistance was decreased to 800 µg/ml for the Te oxides; however, much like under aerobic conditions, growth with selenite still took place at 7000 µg/ml. In the absence of oxygen, CM-3 couples oxide reduction to an increase in biomass. Following an initial drop in viable cells, due to switching from aerobic to anaerobic conditions, there was an increase in CFU/ml greater than one order of magnitude in the presence of tellurite (6.6 × 10(3)-8.6 × 10(4) CFU/ml), tellurate (4.6 × 10(3)-1.4 × 10(5) CFU/ml), and selenite (2.7 × 10(5)-5.6 × 10(6) CFU/ml). A control culture without metalloid oxides showed a steady decrease in CFU/ml with no recovery. ATP production was also increased in the presence of each oxide, further indicating anaerobic respiration. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a 99.0 % similarity of CM-3 to Pseudomonas reactans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Maltman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Srivastava P, Nikhil EVR, Bragança JM, Kowshik M. Anti-bacterial TeNPs biosynthesized by haloarcheaon Halococcus salifodinae BK3. Extremophiles 2015; 19:875-84. [PMID: 26085473 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-015-0767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Microbial synthesis of highly structured metal sulfide and metallic nanoparticles is a benign approach of nanomaterial synthesis. Various microbes have been exploited for nanoparticle synthesis, but nanofabrication using haloarchaea is still in nascent stages. Here, we report the intracellular synthesis of hexagonal needle-shaped tellurium nanoparticles with an aspect ratio of 1:4.4, by the haloarcheon Halococcus salifodinae BK3. The isolate was able to tolerate up to 5.5 mM K2TeO3. The yield of tellurium nanoparticles was highest when the culture was exposed to 3 mM K2TeO3, even though the isolate exhibited slightly decreased growth rate as compared to the culture growing in the absence of K2TeO3. The enzyme tellurite reductase was responsible for tellurite resistance and nanoparticle synthesis in H. salifodinae BK3. These tellurium nanoparticles exhibited anti-bacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with higher antibacterial activity towards Gram-negative bacteria. This is the first report on the synthesis of tellurium nanoparticles by Halophilic archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavee Srivastava
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus, NH-17B, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403 726, India
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Chua SL, Sivakumar K, Rybtke M, Yuan M, Andersen JB, Nielsen TE, Givskov M, Tolker-Nielsen T, Cao B, Kjelleberg S, Yang L. C-di-GMP regulates Pseudomonas aeruginosa stress response to tellurite during both planktonic and biofilm modes of growth. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10052. [PMID: 25992876 PMCID: PMC4438720 DOI: 10.1038/srep10052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress response plays an important role on microbial adaptation under hostile environmental conditions. It is generally unclear how the signaling transduction pathway mediates a stress response in planktonic and biofilm modes of microbial communities simultaneously. Here, we showed that metalloid tellurite (TeO3(2-)) exposure induced the intracellular content of the secondary messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Two diguanylate cyclases (DGCs), SadC and SiaD, were responsible for the increased intracellular content of c-di-GMP. Enhanced c-di-GMP levels by TeO3(2-) further increased P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and resistance to TeO3(2-). P. aeruginosa ΔsadCΔsiaD and PAO1/p(lac)-yhjH mutants with low intracellular c-di-GMP content were more sensitive to TeO3(2-) exposure and had low relative fitness compared to the wild-type PAO1 planktonic and biofilm cultures exposed to TeO3(2-). Our study provided evidence that c-di-GMP level can play an important role in mediating stress response in microbial communities during both planktonic and biofilm modes of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Lin Chua
- 1] Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551 [2] NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Krishnakumar Sivakumar
- 1] Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551 [2] Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Morten Rybtke
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 København N, Denmark
| | - Mingjun Yuan
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Jens Bo Andersen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 København N, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Nielsen
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Michael Givskov
- 1] Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551 [2] Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 København N, Denmark
| | - Tim Tolker-Nielsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 København N, Denmark
| | - Bin Cao
- 1] Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551 [2] School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- 1] Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551 [2] Center for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Liang Yang
- 1] Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551 [2] School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
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Bajaj M, Winter J. Se (IV) triggers faster Te (IV) reduction by soil isolates of heterotrophic aerobic bacteria: formation of extracellular SeTe nanospheres. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:168. [PMID: 25425453 PMCID: PMC4254260 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-014-0168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selenium and Tellurium have many common chemical properties as both belong to group 16 of the periodic table. High toxicities of Se and Te oxyanions cause environmental problems in contaminated soils and waters. Three strains (C4, C6 and C7) of selenite reducing and nanoparticle forming aerobic bacteria which were isolated from agricultural soils of India containing high concentrations of Se were investigated after 3.5 months of freeze-storage for their resistance against the toxic oxyanion tellurite and its reduction to non toxic elemental form Te0 as well as nanoparticles formation. Results Strains C4, C6 and C7 reduced tellurite at maximum reduction rates of 2.3, 1.5 and 2.1 mg Te (IV)/L/d, respectively and produced extracellular Te0 nanospheres as revealed from SEM-EDX analysis. Production of extracellular Te nanospheres has been described seldom. Further, concurrent reduction of both selenite and tellurite by bacteria was examined as these toxic oxyanions are often present together in natural environments, mine tailings or wastewater from copper refining. Interestingly, bioreduction of 100 mg/L selenite in shake flasks was not much affected by the presence of 10 mg/L tellurite but tellurite reduction rate increased 13 fold with selenite in the medium. The concurrent reduction of these oxyanions resulted in rarely described bioformation of extracellular nanoparticles composed of both Se and Te, reported first time for aerobically growing heterotrophic non-halophilic bacterial cultures. Duganella violacienigra, the closely related strain to C4 was also found to be resistant to oxyanions of Se and Te. Conclusions Selenite reducing heterotrophic non-halophilic aerobic bacteria revived from 3.5 months freeze storage could successfully reduce toxic tellurite to non toxic elemental form and produced extracellular nanospheres during detoxification. Presence of relatively less toxic selenite in the medium triggers bioreduction of more toxic tellurite leading to formation of extracellular SeTe nanospheres which are sought by solar and optical recording media industry because of their excellent photovoltaic and optical properties. The bacterial cultures investigated in this study could be exploited commercially to remediate not only selenite and tellurite-contaminated soil and water but also for green synthesis of extracellular Se, Te and Se + Te nanospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mini Bajaj
- Institute of Biology for Engineers and Biotechnology of Wastewater, Am Fasanengarten, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, 76133, Germany.
| | - Josef Winter
- Institute of Biology for Engineers and Biotechnology of Wastewater, Am Fasanengarten, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, 76133, Germany.
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Mohanty A, Liu Y, Yang L, Cao B. Extracellular biogenic nanomaterials inhibit pyoverdine production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a novel insight into impacts of metal(loid)s on environmental bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:1957-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Csotonyi JT, Maltman C, Swiderski J, Stackebrandt E, Yurkov V. Extremely 'vanadiphilic' multiply metal-resistant and halophilic aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs, strains EG13 and EG8, from hypersaline springs in Canada. Extremophiles 2014; 19:127-34. [PMID: 25209747 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-014-0693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Two pinkish peach-colored strains of obligately aerobic phototrophic bacteria, EG13 and EG8, were isolated from a saline spring effluent stream in west central Manitoba, Canada. The strains possessed bacteriochlorophyll a incorporated into a typical purple bacterial light-harvesting complex 1 (870 nm) and reaction center (801 nm). Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated 100% identity among the isolates and 99% similarity to Roseovarius tolerans EL-172(T). The strains were physiologically well adapted to high salinity (0-22%), fluctuating pH (7-12) and temperature (7-40 °C) of the exposed hypersaline stream of East German Creek. EG8 and EG13 were also highly resistant to the toxic metal(loid) oxyanions tellurite, selenite and metavanadate (≥1000 μg/ml each). Most intriguingly, growth and pigment production of EG13 on glutamate minimal medium was stimulated by 1000-10000 μg/ml of sodium metavanadate compared to metal-free conditions. Phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic properties such as pigment composition and morphology indicate close relatedness to Roseovarius genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Csotonyi
- Department of Microbiology, 418 Buller Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Schwenk D, Nohynek L, Rischer H. Algae-bacteria association inferred by 16S rDNA similarity in established microalgae cultures. Microbiologyopen 2014; 3:356-68. [PMID: 24799387 PMCID: PMC4082709 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Forty cultivable, visually distinct bacterial cultures were isolated from four Baltic microalgal cultures Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus obliquus, Isochrysis sp., and Nitzschia microcephala, which have been maintained for several years in the laboratory. Bacterial isolates were characterized with respect to morphology, antibiotic susceptibility, and 16S ribosomal DNA sequence. A total of 17 unique bacterial strains, almost all belonging to one of three families, Rhodobacteraceae, Rhizobiaceae, and Erythrobacteraceae, were subsequently isolated. The majority of isolated bacteria belong to Rhodobacteraceae. Literature review revealed that close relatives of the bacteria isolated in this study are not only often found in marine environments associated with algae, but also in lakes, sediments, and soil. Some of them had been shown to interact with organisms in their surroundings. A Basic Local Alignment Search Tool study indicated that especially bacteria isolated from the Isochrysis sp. culture were highly similar to microalgae-associated bacteria. Two of those isolates, I1 and I6, belong to the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides phylum, members of which are known to occur in close communities with microalgae. An UniFrac analysis revealed that the bacterial community of Isochrysis sp. significantly differs from the other three communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Schwenk
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
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Kim DH, Kim MG, Jiang S, Lee JH, Hur HG. Promoted reduction of tellurite and formation of extracellular tellurium nanorods by concerted reaction between iron and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:8709-8715. [PMID: 23802169 DOI: 10.1021/es401302w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of tellurite (Te(IV)) by dissimilatory metal reducing bacterium, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, was promoted in the presence of Fe(III) in comparison with Te(IV) bioreduction in the absence of Fe(III). Electron microscopic analyses revealed that iron promoted Te(IV) reduction led to form exclusively extracellular crystalline Te(0) nanorods, as compared to the mostly intracellular formation of Te(0) nanorods in the absence of Fe(III). The Te K-edge X-ray absorption spectrometric analyses demonstrated that S. oneidensis MR-1 in the presence of Fe(III) reduced Te(IV) to less harmful metallic Te(0) nanorods through the precipitation of tellurite (Te(IV)Ox) complex by the bacterial respiration of Fe(III) to Fe(II) under anaerobic conditions. However, Fe(II) ion itself was only able to precipitate the solid tellurite (Te(IV)Ox) complex from the Te(IV) solution, which was not further reduced to Te(0). The results clearly indicated that bacterial S. oneidensis MR-1 plays important roles in the reduction and crystallization of Te(0) nanorods by as yet undetermined biochemical mechanisms. As compared to the slow bacterial Te(IV) reduction in the absence of Fe(III), the rapid reduction of Te(IV) to Te(0) by the concerted biogeochemical reaction between Fe(II) and S. oneidensis MR-1 could be applied for the sequestration and detoxification of Te(IV) in the environments as well as for the preparation of extracellular Te(0) nanorod structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Kim
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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Tien CJ, Lin MC, Chiu WH, Chen CS. Biodegradation of carbamate pesticides by natural river biofilms in different seasons and their effects on biofilm community structure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 179:95-104. [PMID: 23665845 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of natural river biofilms from different seasons to degrade the carbamate pesticides methomyl, carbaryl and carbofuran in single and multiple pesticide systems, and the effects of these pesticides on algal and bacterial communities within biofilms. Spring biofilms had the lowest biomass of algae and bacteria but showed the highest methomyl degradation (>99%) and dissipation rates, suggesting that they might contain microorganisms with high methomyl degradation abilities. Degradation of carbofuran (54.1-59.5%) by biofilms in four seasons was similar, but low degradation of carbaryl (0-27.5%) was observed. The coexistence of other pesticides was found to cause certain effects on pesticide degradation and primarily resulted in lower diversity of diatoms and bacteria than when using a single pesticide. The tolerant diatoms and bacteria potentially having the ability to degrade test pesticides were identified. River biofilms could be suitable biomaterials or used to isolate degraders for bioremediating pesticide-contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Jung Tien
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, 62, Shen-Chung Road, Yanchao, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
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Kim DH, Kanaly RA, Hur HG. Biological accumulation of tellurium nanorod structures via reduction of tellurite by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 125:127-131. [PMID: 23026324 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, reduced tellurite (Te(IV), TeO(3)(2-)) to elemental tellurium under anaerobic conditions resulting in the intracellular accumulation of needle shaped crystalline Te(0) nanorods. Fatty acid analyses showed that toxic Te(IV) increased the unsaturated fatty acid composition of the lipid components of the cell membrane, implying a deconstruction of the integrity of the cellular membrane structure. The current results suggest that dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria such as S. oneidensis MR-1 may play an important role in recycling toxic tellurium elements, and may be applied as a novel selective biological filter via the accumulation of industry-applicable rare materials, Te(0) nanorods, in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Kim
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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Chien CC, Jiang MH, Tsai MR, Chien CC. Isolation and characterization of an environmental cadmium- and tellurite-resistant Pseudomonas strain. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2011; 30:2202-2207. [PMID: 21766319 DOI: 10.1002/etc.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A Pseudomonas strain (TeU), resistant to tellurite (TeO(2)(3)(-) and cadmium (Cd(2+)) ions, was isolated from heavy-metal-contaminated sediments by enrichment. Black precipitates, presumably the product of the reduction of tellurite, such as tellurium, occurred in cultures of the isolate after growth in medium containing tellurite. Quantitative determination of the TeO(2)(3)(-) concentration in the liquid culture demonstrated a decreased concentration of tellurite (to less than 100 µM) from initial concentrations of approximately 1,000 µM within 24 h of growth. Strain TeU was resistant to TeO(2)(3)(-) and Cd(2+) concentrations as high as 2,000 µM and 500 µM, respectively. Transposon mutagenesis of strain TeU resulted in mutants exhibiting Cd(2+) sensitivity (Strain BU21) and one with decreased ability to reduce tellurite (strain AU08). Strain BU21 was less tolerant to Cd(2+) (100 µM) compared with the wild-type strain TeU (500 µM) but was still able to reduce tellurite to 80% of that of strain TeU. Although strain AU08 possesses the ability for Cd(2+) resistance, it reduced less than 20% of the initial concentrations of tellurite compared with strain TeU. Genes encoding an HflKC complex and a putative metallopeptidase were associated with the bacterium's capacity for tellurite reduction and Cd resistance, respectively. The ability to reduce tellurite therefore may not be necessary for this bacterium's heavy metal and metalloid tellurite resisting ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ching Chien
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan.
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Turner RJ, Borghese R, Zannoni D. Microbial processing of tellurium as a tool in biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 30:954-63. [PMID: 21907273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Here, we overview the most recent advances in understanding the bacterial mechanisms that stay behind the reduction of tellurium oxyanions in both planktonic cells and biofilms. This is a topic of interest for basic and applied research because microorganisms are deeply involved in the transformation of metals and metalloids in the environment. In particular, the recent observation that toxic tellurite can be precipitated either inside or outside the cells being used as electron sink to support bacterial growth, opens new perspectives for both microbial physiologists and biotechnologists. As promising nanomaterials, tellurium based nanoparticles show unique electronic and optical properties due to quantum confinement effects to be used in the area of chemistry, electronics, medicine and environmental biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Turner
- Dept of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Tang KH, Tang YJ, Blankenship RE. Carbon metabolic pathways in phototrophic bacteria and their broader evolutionary implications. Front Microbiol 2011; 2:165. [PMID: 21866228 PMCID: PMC3149686 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the biological process that converts solar energy to biomass, bio-products, and biofuel. It is the only major natural solar energy storage mechanism on Earth. To satisfy the increased demand for sustainable energy sources and identify the mechanism of photosynthetic carbon assimilation, which is one of the bottlenecks in photosynthesis, it is essential to understand the process of solar energy storage and associated carbon metabolism in photosynthetic organisms. Researchers have employed physiological studies, microbiological chemistry, enzyme assays, genome sequencing, transcriptomics, and (13)C-based metabolomics/fluxomics to investigate central carbon metabolism and enzymes that operate in phototrophs. In this report, we review diverse CO(2) assimilation pathways, acetate assimilation, carbohydrate catabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and some key, and/or unconventional enzymes in central carbon metabolism of phototrophic microorganisms. We also discuss the reducing equivalent flow during photoautotrophic and photoheterotrophic growth, evolutionary links in the central carbon metabolic network, and correlations between photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms. Considering the metabolic versatility in these fascinating and diverse photosynthetic bacteria, many essential questions in their central carbon metabolism still remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsiang Tang
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yinjie J. Tang
- Department of Energy, Environment, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert Eugene Blankenship
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO, USA
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Csotonyi JT, Swiderski J, Stackebrandt E, Yurkov V. A new extreme environment for aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs: biological soil crusts. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 675:3-14. [PMID: 20532732 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1528-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological soil crusts improve the health of arid or semiarid soils by enhancing water content, nutrient relations and mechanical stability, facilitated largely by phototrophic microorganisms. Until recently, only oxygenic phototrophs were known from soil crusts. A recent study has demonstrated the presence of aerobic representatives of Earth's second major photosynthetic clade, the evolutionarily basal anoxygenic phototrophs. Three Canadian soil crust communities yielded pink and orange aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic strains possessing the light-harvesting pigment bacteriochlorophyll a. At relative abundances of 0.1-5.9% of the cultivable bacterial community, they were comparable in density to aerobic phototrophs in other documented habitats. 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed the isolates to be related to Methylobacterium, Belnapia, Muricoccus and Sphingomonas. This result adds a new type of harsh habitat, dry soil environments, to the environments known to support aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius T Csotonyi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Gupta AK, Rangrez AY, Verma P, Chatterji A, Shouche YS. Phylogenetic profiling of bacterial community from two intimately located sites in Balramgari, North-East coast of India. Indian J Microbiol 2009; 49:169-87. [PMID: 23100766 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-009-0034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities in coastal subsurface sediments play an important role in biogeochemical cycles. In this study microbial communities in tidal subsurface sediments of Balramgari in the state of Orissa, India were investigated using a culture independent approach. Two 16S rDNA cloned libraries were prepared from the closely located (100 m along the coast) subsurface sediment samples. Library I sediment samples had higher organic carbon content but lower sand percentage in comparison to Library II. A total of 310 clone sequences were used for DOTUR analysis which revealed 51 unique phylotypes or operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for both libraries. The OTUs were affiliated with 13 major lineages of domain bacteria including Proteobacteria (α, β, δ and λ), Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes and TM7. We encountered few pathogenic bacteria such as Aeromonas hydrophila and Ochrobactrum intermedium, in sediment from Library I. ∫-LIBSHUFF comparison depicts that the two libraries were significantly different communities. Most of the OTUs from both libraries possessed ≥85% to <97% similarity to RDP database sequences depicting the putative presence of new species, genera and phylum. This work revealed the complex and unique bacterial diversity from coastal habitat of Balramgari and shows that, in coastal habitat a variability of physical and chemical parameter has a prominent impact on the microbial community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Molecular Biology Unit, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411 007 Maharashtra India
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42
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Volatilization and precipitation of tellurium by aerobic, tellurite-resistant marine microbes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:7163-73. [PMID: 18849455 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00733-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial resistance to tellurite, an oxyanion of tellurium, is widespread in the biosphere, but the geochemical significance of this trait is poorly understood. As some tellurite resistance markers appear to mediate the formation of volatile tellurides, the potential contribution of tellurite-resistant microbial strains to trace element volatilization in salt marsh sediments was evaluated. Microbial strains were isolated aerobically on the basis of tellurite resistance and subsequently examined for their capacity to volatilize tellurium in pure cultures. The tellurite-resistant strains recovered were either yeasts related to marine isolates of Rhodotorula spp. or gram-positive bacteria related to marine strains within the family Bacillaceae based on rRNA gene sequence comparisons. Most strains produced volatile tellurides, primarily dimethyltelluride, though there was a wide range of the types and amounts of species produced. For example, the Rhodotorula spp. produced the greatest quantities and highest diversity of volatile tellurium compounds. All strains also produced methylated sulfur compounds, primarily dimethyldisulfide. Intracellular tellurium precipitates were a major product of tellurite metabolism in all strains tested, with nearly complete recovery of the tellurite initially provided to cultures as a precipitate. Different strains appeared to produce different shapes and sizes of tellurium containing nanostructures. These studies suggest that aerobic marine yeast and Bacillus spp. may play a greater role in trace element biogeochemistry than has been previously assumed, though additional work is needed to further define and quantify their specific contributions.
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Castro ME, Molina R, Díaz W, Pichuantes SE, Vásquez CC. The dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase of Aeromonas caviae ST exhibits NADH-dependent tellurite reductase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 375:91-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.07.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 upon biofilm formation on a polystyrene surface acquire a strong antibiotic resistance with minor changes in their tolerance to metal cations and metalloid oxyanions. Arch Microbiol 2008; 190:29-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-008-0360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Revised: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zannoni D, Borsetti F, Harrison JJ, Turner RJ. The bacterial response to the chalcogen metalloids Se and Te. Adv Microb Physiol 2007; 53:1-72. [PMID: 17707143 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2911(07)53001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Microbial metabolism of inorganics has been the subject of interest since the 1970s when it was recognized that bacteria are involved in the transformation of metal compounds in the environment. This area of research is generally referred to as bioinorganic chemistry or microbial biogeochemistry. Here, we overview the way the chalcogen metalloids Se and Te interact with bacteria. As a topic of considerable interest for basic and applied research, bacterial processing of tellurium and selenium oxyanions has been reviewed a few times over the past 15 years. Oddly, this is the first time these compounds have been considered together and their similarities and differences highlighted. Another aspect touched on for the first time by this review is the bacterial response in cell-cell or cell-surface aggregates (biofilms) against the metalloid oxyanions. Finally, in this review we have attempted to rationalize the considerable amount of literature available on bacterial resistance to the toxic metalloids tellurite and selenite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Zannoni
- Department of Biology, Unit of General Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Borghese R, Marchetti D, Zannoni D. The highly toxic oxyanion tellurite (TeO (3) (2-) ) enters the phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus via an as yet uncharacterized monocarboxylate transport system. Arch Microbiol 2007; 189:93-100. [PMID: 17713758 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-007-0297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Revised: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The facultative phototroph Rhodobacter capsulatus takes up the highly toxic oxyanion tellurite when grown under both photosynthetic and respiratory growth conditions. Previous works on Escherichia coli and R. capsulatus suggested that tellurite uptake occurred through a phosphate transporter. Here we present evidences indicating that tellurite enters R. capsulatus cells via a monocarboxylate transport system. Indeed, intracellular accumulation of tellurite was inhibited by the addition of monocarboxylates such as pyruvate, lactate and acetate, but not by dicarboxylates like malate or succinate. Acetate was the strongest tellurite uptake antagonist and this effect was concentration dependent, being already evident at 1 microM acetate. Conversely, tellurite at 100 microM was able to restrict the acetate entry into the cells. Both tellurite and acetate uptakes were energy dependent processes, since they were abolished by the protonophore FCCP and by the respiratory electron transport inhibitor KCN. Interestingly, cells grown on acetate, lactate or pyruvate showed a high level resistance to tellurite, whereas cells grown on malate or succinate proved to be very sensitive to the oxyanion. Taking these data together, we propose that: (a) tellurite enters R. capsulatus cells via an as yet uncharacterized monocarboxylate(s) transporter, (b) competition between acetate and tellurite results in a much higher level of tolerance against the oxyanion and (c) the toxic action of tellurite at the cytosolic level is significantly restricted by preventing tellurite uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Borghese
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Biebl H, Pukall R, Lünsdorf H, Schulz S, Allgaier M, Tindall BJ, Wagner-Döbler I. Description of Labrenzia alexandrii gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel alphaproteobacterium containing bacteriochlorophyll a, and a proposal for reclassification of Stappia aggregata as Labrenzia aggregata comb. nov., of Stappia marina as Labrenzia marina comb. nov. and of Stappia alba as Labrenzia alba comb. nov., and emended descriptions of the genera Pannonibacter, Stappia and Roseibium, and of the species Roseibium denhamense and Roseibium hamelinense. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2007; 57:1095-1107. [PMID: 17473266 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.64821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A slightly pink-coloured strain, strain DFL-11T, was isolated from single cells of the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium lusitanicum and was found to contain the genes encoding two proteins of the photosynthetic reaction centre, pufL and pufM. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the novel strain belonged to the α-2 subgroup of the Proteobacteria and was most closely related to Stappia aggregata (97.7 % similarity), Stappia alba (98.0 %) and Stappia marina (98.0 %). Dark-grown cells of strain DFL-11T contained small amounts of bacteriochlorophyll a (bchl a) and a carotenoid. Cells of strain DFL-11T were rods, 0.5–0.7×0.9–3.0 μm in size and motile by means of a single, subpolarly inserted flagellum. The novel strain was strictly aerobic and utilized a wide range of organic carbon sources, including fatty acids, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and sugars. Biotin and thiamine were required as growth factors. Growth was obtained at sea salt concentrations of between 1 and 10 % (w/v), at a pH between 6 and 9.2 and at a temperature of up to 33 °C (optimum, 26 °C). Nitrate was not reduced and indole was not produced from tryptophan. Strain DFL11T was resistant to potassium tellurite and transformed it to elemental tellurium. The major respiratory lipoquinone was ubiquinone 10 (Q10). The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid and the glycolipid sulphoquinovosyldiacylglyceride. The fatty acids comprised 16 : 1ω7c, 16 : 0, 18 : 1ω7c, 18 : 0, 11-methyl 18 : 1ω6t, 11-methyl 20 : 1ω6t, 20 : 1ω7c, 22 : 0, 22 : 1 and the hydroxy fatty acids 3-OH 14 : 0, 3-OH 16 : 0 (ester-linked), 3-OH 18 : 0, 3-OH 20 : 1 and 3-OH 20 : 0, all of which are amide-linked. The DNA G+C value was 56 mol%. Comparative analysis of α-2 subgroup 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the type species of the genus Stappia, Stappia stellulata, is only distantly related to S. aggregata (95.3 % sequence similarity). Based on the combination of the 16S rRNA gene sequence data, a detailed chemotaxonomic study and the biochemical and physiological properties of members of the genera Stappia, Pannonibacter and Roseibium, it is proposed that S. aggregata, S. alba, S. marina are transferred to a new genus, Labrenzia gen. nov., as Labrenzia aggregata comb. nov., Labrenzia alba comb. nov. and Labrenzia marina comb. nov. The type species of the new genus is Labrenzia alexandrii sp. nov., with strain DFL-11T (=DSM 17067T=NCIMB 14079T) as the type strain. The pufLM genes of the photosynthesis reaction centre were shown to be present in some, but not all, species of the new genus Labrenzia and they were identified for the first time in S. stellulata. In accordance with the new data collected in this study, emended descriptions are provided for the genera Pannonibacter, Roseibium and Stappia.
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MESH Headings
- Aerobiosis
- Alphaproteobacteria/chemistry
- Alphaproteobacteria/classification
- Alphaproteobacteria/isolation & purification
- Alphaproteobacteria/metabolism
- Animals
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacteriochlorophyll A/isolation & purification
- Bacteriochlorophyll A/metabolism
- Base Composition
- Biotin/metabolism
- Carbon/metabolism
- Carotenoids/isolation & purification
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Dinoflagellida/microbiology
- Fatty Acids/analysis
- Genes, rRNA
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Movement
- Nitrogen/metabolism
- Phospholipids/analysis
- Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins/genetics
- Phylogeny
- Pigments, Biological/biosynthesis
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Tellurium/metabolism
- Temperature
- Thiamine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanno Biebl
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Pukall
- DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lünsdorf
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Allgaier
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Brian J Tindall
- DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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Baesman SM, Bullen TD, Dewald J, Zhang D, Curran S, Islam FS, Beveridge TJ, Oremland RS. Formation of tellurium nanocrystals during anaerobic growth of bacteria that use Te oxyanions as respiratory electron acceptors. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:2135-43. [PMID: 17277198 PMCID: PMC1855670 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02558-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain toxic elements support the metabolism of diverse prokaryotes by serving as respiratory electron acceptors for growth. Here, we demonstrate that two anaerobes previously shown to be capable of respiring oxyanions of selenium also achieve growth by reduction of either tellurate [Te(VI)] or tellurite [Te(IV)] to elemental tellurium [Te(0)]. This reduction achieves a sizeable stable-Te-isotopic fractionation (isotopic enrichment factor [epsilon] = -0.4 to -1.0 per ml per atomic mass unit) and results in the formation of unique crystalline Te(0) nanoarchitectures as end products. The Te(0) crystals occur internally within but mainly externally from the cells, and each microorganism forms a distinctly different structure. Those formed by Bacillus selenitireducens initially are nanorods ( approximately 10-nm diameter by 200-nm length), which cluster together, forming larger ( approximately 1,000-nm) rosettes composed of numerous individual shards ( approximately 100-nm width by 1,000-nm length). In contrast, Sulfurospirillum barnesii forms extremely small, irregularly shaped nanospheres (diameter < 50 nm) that coalesce into larger composite aggregates. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction indicate that both biominerals are composed entirely of Te and are crystalline, while Raman spectroscopy confirms that they are in the elemental state. These Te biominerals have specific spectral signatures (UV-visible light, Raman) that also provide clues to their internal structures. The use of microorganisms to generate Te nanomaterials may be an alternative for bench-scale syntheses. Additionally, they may also generate products with unique properties unattainable by conventional physical/chemical methods.
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Borsetti F, Francia F, Turner RJ, Zannoni D. The thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase DsbB mediates the oxidizing effects of the toxic metalloid tellurite (TeO32-) on the plasma membrane redox system of the facultative phototroph Rhodobacter capsulatus. J Bacteriol 2006; 189:851-9. [PMID: 17098900 PMCID: PMC1797329 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01080-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly toxic oxyanion tellurite (TeO3(2-)) is a well known pro-oxidant in mammalian and bacterial cells. This work examines the effects of tellurite on the redox state of the electron transport chain of the facultative phototroph Rhodobacter capsulatus, in relation to the role of the thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase DsbB. Under steady-state respiration, the addition of tellurite (2.5 mM) to membrane fragments generated an extrareduction of the cytochrome pool (c- and b-type hemes); further, in plasma membranes exposed to tellurite (0.25 to 2.5 mM) and subjected to a series of flashes of light, the rate of the QH2:cytochrome c (Cyt c) oxidoreductase activity was enhanced. The effect of tellurite was blocked by the antibiotics antimycin A and/or myxothiazol, specific inhibitors of the QH2:Cyt c oxidoreductase, and, most interestingly, the membrane-associated thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase DsbB was required to mediate the redox unbalance produced by the oxyanion. Indeed, this phenomenon was absent from R. capsulatus MD22, a DsbB-deficient mutant, whereas the tellurite effect was present in membranes from MD22/pDsbB(WT), in which the mutant gene was complemented to regain the wild-type DsbB phenotype. These findings were taken as evidence that the membrane-bound thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase DsbB acts as an "electron conduit" between the hydrophilic metalloid and the lipid-embedded Q pool, so that in habitats contaminated with subinhibitory amounts of Te(IV), the metalloid is likely to function as a disposal for the excess reducing power at the Q-pool level of facultative phototrophic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Borsetti
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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50
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Rathgeber C, Yurkova N, Stackebrandt E, Schumann P, Humphrey E, Beatty JT, Yurkov V. Metalloid reducing bacteria isolated from deep ocean hydrothermal vents of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Pseudoalteromonas telluritireducens sp. nov. and Pseudoalteromonas spiralis sp. nov. Curr Microbiol 2006; 53:449-56. [PMID: 17066332 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-006-0320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Five strains of Gram-negative, rod, curved rod and spiral-shaped bacteria were isolated from the vicinity of deep ocean hydrothermal vents along the Main Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the Pacific Ocean. All strains showed remarkable resistance to high levels of toxic metalloid oxyanions, and were capable of reducing the oxyanions tellurite and selenite to their less toxic elemental forms. Phylogenetic analysis of four strains identified these isolates as close relatives of the genus Pseudoalteromonas within the class Gammaproteobacteria. Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans was the closest relative of strains Te-1-1 and Se-1-2-redT, with, respectively, 99.5 and 99.8% 16S rDNA sequence similarity. Strain Te-2-2T was most closely related to Pseudoalteromonas paragorgicola, with 99.8% 16S rDNA sequence similarity. The DNA G+C base composition was 39.6 to 41.8 mol%, in agreement with other members of the genus Pseudoalteromonas. However, the isolates showed important morphological and physiological differences from previously described species of this genus, with one group forming rod-shaped bacteria typical of Pseudoalteromonas and the other forming vibrioid- to spiral-shaped cells. Based on these differences, and on phylogenetic data, we propose the creation of the new species Pseudoalteromonas telluritireducens sp. nov., with strain Se-1-2-redT (DSMZ = 16098T = VKM B-2382T) as the type strain, and Pseudoalteromonas spiralis sp. nov., with strain Te-2-2T (DSMZ = 16099T = VKM B-2383T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Rathgeber
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 2N2
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