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Drake MJ, Daniel SG, Baker LD, Indugu N, Bittinger K, Dickens C, Zackular JP, Pitta D, Redding LE. Effects of dietary zinc on the gut microbiome and resistome of the gestating cow and neonatal calf. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:39. [PMID: 39030654 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element required in the diet of all species. While the effects of zinc have been studied in growing calves, little is known about the effect of zinc on the microbiota of the gestating cow or her neonatal calf. Understanding factors that shape the gut health of neonatal animals and evaluating the effect of dietary supplements in adult gestating animals is important in promoting animal health and informing feeding practices. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of dietary zinc on the microbiota and resistome of the gestating cow and calf. Gestating cows received standard (40 ppm) or high (205 ppm) dietary zinc levels from dry off to calving. Fecal samples were collected from cows upon enrollment and at calving and from neonatal calves. Fecal samples underwent 16S rRNA sequencing and a subset also underwent shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The effect of zinc supplementation on the diversity and composition of the cow and calf microbiome and resistome was assessed. Alpha and beta diversity and composition of the microbiota were significantly altered over time but not by treatment in the cows, with alpha diversity decreasing and 14 genera found at significantly higher relative abundances at calving compared to enrollment. Levels of 27 antimicrobial resistance genes significantly increased over time. Only a small number of taxa were differentially expressed at calving in treatment and control groups, including Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Turicibacter, and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum. No effect of the dam's treatment group was observed on the diversity or composition of the neonatal calf microbiota. The calf resistome, which was relatively rich and diverse compared to the cow, was also unaffected by the dam's treatment group. The impact of high levels of dietary zinc thus appeared to be minimal, with no observed changes in alpha or beta diversity, and few changes in the relative abundance of a small number of taxa and antimicrobial resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jane Drake
- Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA.
| | - Scott G Daniel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Linda D Baker
- Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Nagaraju Indugu
- Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Charlene Dickens
- Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Joseph P Zackular
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dipti Pitta
- Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Laurel E Redding
- Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
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Uyama T, Kelton DF, Morrison EI, de Jong E, McCubbin KD, Barkema HW, Dufour S, Fonseca M, McClure JT, Sanchez J, Heider LC, Renaud DL. Associations among antimicrobial use, calf management practices, and antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli from a pooled fecal sample in calves on Canadian dairy farms: A cross-sectional study. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4961-4972. [PMID: 38331174 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine associations between calf management practices, the number of antimicrobial treatments, and antimicrobial resistance in preweaning heifers on Canadian dairy farms. A composite of 5 fecal samples from preweaning calves was collected from 142 dairy farms in 5 provinces and analyzed for phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility with the microbroth dilution method. Questionnaires were used to capture herd characteristics and calf management practices used on the farm. Calf treatment records were collected during the farm visits. Escherichia coli was isolated from all 142 fecal samples with the highest resistance to tetracycline (41%), followed by sulfisoxazole (36%), streptomycin (32%), chloramphenicol (28%), ampicillin (16%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (15%), ceftriaxone (4.2%), cefoxitin (2.8%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (2.1%), ciprofloxacin (2.1%), nalidixic acid (2.1%), azithromycin (1.4%), and gentamicin (1.4%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 37% of E. coli isolates. Three-quarters of farms used fresh colostrum as the most common type of colostrum fed to calves. Colostrum quality was checked on 49% of farms, but the transfer of passive immunity was only checked on 32% of farms in the last 12 mo. Almost 70% of farms used straw or hay or a combination as the bedding material for calves. Among the 142 farms, a complete set of calf records were collected from 71 farms. In a multivariable logistic regression model, farms with ≥1.99 to 32.57 antimicrobial treatments/calf-year were 3.2 times more likely to have multidrug resistant E. coli in calf feces compared farms with <1.99 antimicrobial treatments/calf-year. Farms using hay or straw beddings were 5.1 times less likely to have multidrug resistant E. coli compared with those with other bedding materials including shavings or sawdust. Bedding management practices on farms may need to be investigated to reduce the potential effect on disseminating multidrug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Uyama
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - D F Kelton
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - E I Morrison
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - E de Jong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - K D McCubbin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - H W Barkema
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - S Dufour
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - M Fonseca
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - J T McClure
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - J Sanchez
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - L C Heider
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - D L Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Chen T, Liu S, Zhang S, Song H, Zhuang Y, Ma J, Xiao J, Wang J, Ma Y, Wang Y, Wang W, Li S, Cao Z. Initial diet shapes resistance-gene composition and fecal microbiome dynamics in young ruminants during nursing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172103. [PMID: 38556024 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine how colostrum pasteurization affects resistance genes and microbial communities in calf feces. Forty female Holstein calves were randomly assigned to either the control (CON) group, which received unheated colostrum, or the pasteurized colostrum (PAT) group. The calves body weight was measured weekly before morning feeding. Calf starter intake were measured and recorded daily before morning feeding. Samples of colostrum were collected before feeding. Blood was collected on d 1 and 70 before morning feeding. Ten calves were randomly selected from each group (n = 20 calves total) for fecal sampling on d 3, 28, 56 and 70 for subsequent DNA extraction and metagenomic sequencing. Total bacterial counts in the colostrum were markedly higher in the CON group than in the PAT group. Pasteurized colostrum administration substantially reduced the ARO diversity and diminishes the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, thereby decreasing their contribution to resistance genes. Pasteurization also reduced glucoside hydrolase-66 activity in 3-day-old calves which led to an increase in the activity of aminoglycoside antibiotics, resulting in 52.63 % of PAT-enriched bacteria acquiring aminoglycoside resistance genes. However, from the perspective of overall microbial community, the proportion of aminoglycoside, beta-lactam and tetracycline resistance genes carried by microbial community in PAT group was lower than CON group (P < 0.05). Fecal samples from the PAT group contained greater abundances of Subdoligranulum (P < 0.05) and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group (P < 0.05) on days 28 and 70 compared to CON. Network analysis and abundance variations of the different bacteria obtained by linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis showed that pasteurized colostrum feeding reduced the interactions among related bacteria and maintained stability of the hind-gut microbiome. In conclusion, these findings underscore the intricate interactions between early diet, calf resistance-gene transmission and microbial dynamics, which should be carefully considered in calf-rearing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haotong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yimin Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianxin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Bortolami L, Barberio A, Schiavon E, Martignago F, Littamè E, Sturaro A, Gagliazzo L, De Lucia A, Ostanello F. Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolates from Intestinal Contents of Dairy and Veal Calves in the Veneto Region, Northeaster Italy. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1429. [PMID: 38791647 PMCID: PMC11117218 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This surveillance study aimed to estimate the proportion of antimicrobial resistant strains and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of E. coli isolates detected from the intestinal contents of veal and dairy calves in the Veneto Region, Northeaster Italy. Additionally, we investigated the differences in AMR profiles between dairy and veal calves over the period 2017-2022. Overall 1150 E. coli isolates were tested from calves exhibiting enteric disease, with 868 from dairy and 282 from veal calves. The percentage of resistant isolates to nine antimicrobials was notably higher in veal calves compared to dairy calves, except for ampicillin. Throughout the study period, we observed a significant increase in the proportion of resistant isolates to florfenicol, gentamycin, paromomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in dairy calves, while we did not detect any significant increase in the proportion of resistant isolates among veal calves. A substantial proportion (75.9%) of the isolated E. coli exhibited multi-drug resistance (MDR). The proportion of multi-drug resistant isolates was significantly higher in veal calves (91.7%) compared to dairy calves (74.3%) all through the surveillance period (2017-2022), with no significant variation in MDR proportion among veal calves between 2017 and 2022 but a significant increase among dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bortolami
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, 10, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (A.B.); (E.S.); (F.M.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Antonio Barberio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, 10, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (A.B.); (E.S.); (F.M.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Eliana Schiavon
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, 10, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (A.B.); (E.S.); (F.M.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Federico Martignago
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, 10, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (A.B.); (E.S.); (F.M.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Erica Littamè
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, 10, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (A.B.); (E.S.); (F.M.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Anna Sturaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, 10, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (A.B.); (E.S.); (F.M.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Laura Gagliazzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, 10, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (A.B.); (E.S.); (F.M.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (L.G.)
| | | | - Fabio Ostanello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
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Lee KY, Atwill ER, Li X, Feldmann HR, Williams DR, Weimer BC, Aly SS. Impact of zinc supplementation on phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of fecal commensal bacteria from pre-weaned dairy calves. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4448. [PMID: 38396015 PMCID: PMC10891156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of dietary zinc supplementation in pre-weaned dairy calves on the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of fecal commensal bacteria. A repository of fecal specimens from a random sample of calves block-randomized into placebo (n = 39) and zinc sulfate (n = 28) groups collected over a zinc supplementation clinical trial at the onset of calf diarrhea, calf diarrheal cure, and the last day of 14 cumulative days of zinc or placebo treatment were analyzed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted for Enterococcus spp. (n = 167) and E. coli (n = 44), with one representative isolate of each commensal bacteria tested per sample. Parametric survival interval regression models were constructed to evaluate the association between zinc treatment and phenotypic AMR, with exponentiated accelerated failure time (AFT) coefficients adapted for MIC instead of time representing the degree of change in AMR (MIC Ratio, MR). Findings from our study indicated that zinc supplementation did not significantly alter the MIC in Enterococcus spp. for 13 drugs: gentamicin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, penicillin, nitrofurantoin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, tylosin tartrate, streptomycin, daptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tigecycline (MR = 0.96-2.94, p > 0.05). In E. coli, zinc supplementation was not associated with resistance to azithromycin (MR = 0.80, p > 0.05) and ceftriaxone (MR = 0.95, p > 0.05). However, a significant reduction in E. coli MIC values was observed for ciprofloxacin (MR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.03-0.97) and nalidixic acid (MR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.15-0.53) for zinc-treated compared to placebo-treated calves. Alongside predictions of MIC values generated from these 17 AFT models, findings from this study corroborate the influence of age and antimicrobial exposure on phenotypic AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Y Lee
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Edward R Atwill
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xunde Li
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hillary R Feldmann
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA, USA
| | - Deniece R Williams
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA, USA
| | - Bart C Weimer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sharif S Aly
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA, USA.
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Zhuang Y, Guo W, Cui K, Tu Y, Diao Q, Zhang N, Bi Y, Ma T. Altered microbiota, antimicrobial resistance genes, and functional enzyme profiles in the rumen of yak calves fed with milk replacer. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0131423. [PMID: 38014976 PMCID: PMC10871699 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01314-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Yaks, as ruminants inhabiting high-altitude environments, possess a distinct rumen microbiome and are resistant to extreme living conditions. This study investigated the microbiota, resistome, and functional gene profiles in the rumen of yaks fed milk or milk replacer (MR), providing insights into the regulation of the rumen microbiome and the intervention of antimicrobial resistance in yaks through dietary methods. The abundance of Prevotella members increased significantly in response to MR. Tetracycline resistance was the most predominant. The rumen of yaks contained multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) originating from different bacteria, which could be driven by MR, and these ARGs displayed intricate and complex interactions. MR also induced changes in functional genes. The enzymes associated with fiber degradation and butyrate metabolism were activated and showed close correlations with Prevotella members and butyrate concentration. This study allows us to deeply understand the ruminal microbiome and ARGs of yaks and their relationship with rumen bacteria in response to different milk sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Naifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanliang Bi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gelalcha BD, Gelgie AE, Kerro Dego O. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in East Tennessee dairy farms. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1260433. [PMID: 38239744 PMCID: PMC10795760 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1260433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, such as Escherichia coli, are emerging as a serious threat to global health due to their rapid spread and their multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. However, limited information is available regarding the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of ESBL-E. coli in the United States dairy farms. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and AMR pattern of ESBL-E. coli in East Tennessee dairy cattle farms. Methods Rectal fecal samples from dairy cattle (n = 508) and manure (n = 30), water (n = 19), and feed samples (n = 15) were collected from 14 farms. The presumptive E. coli was isolated on CHROMagar™ ESBL and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on the ESBL-E. coli isolates. Results and discussion From 572 fecal and farm environmental samples, a total of 233 (41%, n = 572) ESBL-E. coli were identified. The prevalence of fecal ESBL-E. coli was 47.5% (95% CI: 46.2-49.2). The within-farm prevalence of ESBL-E. coli ranged from 8 to 100%. Recent treatment history with third-generation cephalosporins (3GC), cow parity ≥3, and calves were the independent risk factors associated (P < 0.05) with fecal carriage of ESBL-E. coli. Overall, 99.6% (n = 231) ESBL-E. coli tested were phenotypically resistant to at least one of the 14 antimicrobial agents tested. The most common AMR phenotypes were against beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin (99.1%; n = 231 isolates), and ceftriaxone (98.7%, n = 231). Most ESBL-E. coli isolates (94.4%) were MDR (resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes), of which 42.6% showed co-resistance to at least six classes of antimicrobials. ESBL-E. coli isolates with concurrent resistance to ceftriaxone, ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfisoxazole, and chloramphenicol are widespread and detected in all the farms. The detection of MDR ESBL-E. coli suggests that dairy cattle can be a reservoir for these bacteria, highlighting the associated public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Wang Z, Gu D, Hong Y, Hu Y, Gu J, Tang Y, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Jiao X, Li Q. Microevolution of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- derived from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium through complicated transpositions. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113227. [PMID: 37837619 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- (Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-), derived from S. Typhimurium, has become the dominant serotype causing human salmonellosis. In this study, we define the genetic mechanism of the generation of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- from S. Typhimurium through complicated transpositions and demonstrate that Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- displays more efficient colonization and survival abilities in mice than its parent S. Typhimurium strain. We identified intermediate strains carrying both resistance regions (RRs) and the fljAB operon for the generation of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-. The insertion of RR3 into the chromosomal hin-iroB site of S. Typhimurium produced RR3-S. Typhimurium as a primary intermediate. Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- was then produced by replacing the fljAB operon and/or its flanking sequences through intramolecular transpositions mediated by IS26 and/or IS1R elements in RR3-S. Typhimurium, which was further confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, we demonstrate the molecular mechanism underlying the origin, generation, and advantage of RRs-Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- from S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaming Hong
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yachen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaojie Gu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyue Tang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunzeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiuchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China.
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9
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Mwenifumbo M, Cookson AL, Zhao S, Fayaz A, Browne AS, Benschop J, Burgess SA. The characterisation of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli from dairy calves. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 37578342 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Dairy calves, particularly pre-weaned calves have been identified as a common source of multidrug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli.Gap statement. E. coli strains isolated from dairy calves and the location of their resistance genes (plasmid or chromosomal) have not been well characterised.Aim. To characterise the phenotypic and genotypic features as well as the population structure of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolated from calves located on dairy farms that feed waste-milk to their replacement calves.Methodology. Recto-anal swab enrichments from 40 dairy calves (≤ 14 days old) located on four dairy farms were examined for tetracycline, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, and third-generation cephalosporin resistant E. coli. Whole genome sequencing was performed using both short- and long-read technologies on selected antimicrobial resistant E. coli.Results. Fifty-eight percent (23/40) of calves harboured antimicrobial resistant E. coli: 43 % (17/40) harboured tetracycline resistant, and 23 % (9/40) harboured chromosomal mediated AmpC producing E. coli. Whole genome sequencing of 27 isolates revealed five sequence types, with ST88 being the dominant ST (17/27, 63 % of the sequenced isolates) followed by ST1308 (3/27, 11 %), along with the extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli lineages ST69 (3/27, 11 %), ST10 (2/27, 7 %), and ST58 (2/27, 7 %). Additionally, 16 isolates were MDR, harbouring additional resistance genes that were not tested phenotypically. Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing technologies enabled the location of multiple resistant gene cassettes in IncF plasmids to be determined.Conclusion. Our study identified a high incidence of tetracycline and streptomycin-resistant E. coli in dairy calves, and highlighted the presence of multidrug-resistant strains, emphasising the need for further investigation into potential associations with farm management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merning Mwenifumbo
- School of Veterinary Science, Hopkirk Research Institute, cnr University & Library Rds Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Present address: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lilongwe University of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Adrian L Cookson
- School of Veterinary Science, Hopkirk Research Institute, cnr University & Library Rds Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Food Systems Integrity, Hopkirk Research Institute, cnr University & Library Rds, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ahmed Fayaz
- School of Veterinary Science, Hopkirk Research Institute, cnr University & Library Rds Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - A Springer Browne
- School of Veterinary Science, Hopkirk Research Institute, cnr University & Library Rds Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jackie Benschop
- School of Veterinary Science, Hopkirk Research Institute, cnr University & Library Rds Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Sara A Burgess
- School of Veterinary Science, Hopkirk Research Institute, cnr University & Library Rds Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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10
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Rai S, Kumar M, Jas R, Mandal GP, Samanta I, Rajendar M, Tripura S, Das SK, Mondal M, Mandal DK. Antibacterial effect of kitchen herbs against pathogenic multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from calf diarrhoea. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:211. [PMID: 37204503 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Calf diarrhoea remains the biggest challenge both in the small and large farms. Infectious diarrhoea is associated with many pathogens, Escherichia coli being one, but majority are systematically treated with antibiotics. Since antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing menace, the need to find alternative prophylactic solutions using popular kitchen herbs such as Trachyspermum ammi (carom seeds), Curcuma longa (turmeric) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp.) extracts is been investigated against virulent form of E. coli isolated from calf diarrhoea. The virulence factors identified in these isolates were ST (32.5%), LT (20%), eaeA (15%), stx1 (2.5%) and stx2 (5%) with the occurrence of the most common serogroups as O18 (15%) followed by O111 (12.5%). Highest resistance was seen with beta lactam + beta lactamase inhibitor (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) followed by beta lactams (ampicillin, cefuroxime and cefepime). The zone of inhibition due to cinnamon (methanol) and carom seed (ethanol) extracts (500 to 250 μg/mL concentration) on E. coli bacteria was >19 mm, respectively. Turmeric, cinnamon and carom had the potency of inhibiting the pathogenic E. coli which maybe suggestive of its use in calf diets as prophylaxis against diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Rai
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, WB, 741235, India.
| | - M Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, WB, 741235, India
| | - R Jas
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, WB, India
| | - G P Mandal
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, WB, India
| | - I Samanta
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, WB, India
| | - M Rajendar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, WB, 741235, India
| | - S Tripura
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, WB, 741235, India
| | - S K Das
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, WB, 741235, India
| | - M Mondal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, WB, 741235, India
| | - D K Mandal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, WB, 741235, India
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11
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Kohnen AB, Wiedenheft AM, Traub-Dargatz JL, Short DM, Cook KL, Lantz K, Morningstar-Shaw B, Lawrence JP, House S, Marshall KL, Rao S. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella and Escherichia coli from equids sampled in the NAHMS 2015-16 equine study and association of management factors with resistance. Prev Vet Med 2023; 213:105857. [PMID: 36773374 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have investigated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli isolated from hospitalized horses, but studies conducted on community-based populations of equids are limited. The factors associated with AMR in these bacteria in the general horse population are not well understood. The primary objective of our study was to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella and describe antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella and E. coli from equids across the United States. The second objective was to identify associations between health management and biosecurity practices and AMR. Fecal samples submitted from 1357 equids on 199 operations were tested for Salmonella, identifying 27 positive samples with 29 isolates belonging to 18 serotypes. Fecal sample and operation-level prevalence of Salmonella was 2.0% (27/1357) and 7.0% (14/199), respectively. Most (25/29) isolates were pan-susceptible while four isolates exhibited resistance, three of which were multidrug resistant. Of the 721 samples cultured for E. coli, 85% (613/721) were positive. Eighty-six percent of the E. coli isolates recovered were pan-susceptible (529/612). Ten isolates were intermediate to one antimicrobial drug and susceptible to all others. Seventy-three E. coli isolates (11.9%, SE=1.3) were resistant to one or more antimicrobials, corresponding to a 33.0% (64/194) operation-level prevalence. Resistance to sulfonamide drugs was most common with 63 isolates (10.3%) resistant to sulfisoxazole, 57 of which (9.3%) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. MDR in E. coli was rare (1.8%, SE=0.5). Univariate and multivariable regression were used to evaluate associations between health management and biosecurity questionnaire items and AMR in E. coli. The outcome modeled was resistance to any of the 14 tested antimicrobials. Depending on the operation type, operations with greater than 20 resident equids were significantly associated with resistance. In addition, performance operations were significantly associated with resistance when compared to farm/ranch operations. Operations with feed containers that prevent fecal contamination and those that had treated any equids for illness or injury were associated with a lower AMR. The study results suggest that equids in the general population appear to pose low risk of shedding antimicrobial resistant strains of Salmonella and E. coli, and therefore low transmission potential to other equids, animals, humans, or the environment. However, it is prudent to practice good hand hygiene to prevent spread of Salmonella as well as AMR, and to protect both animal and human health. Despite study limitations, potential management factors that may influence prevalence and prevent spread of AMR shed by equids were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B Kohnen
- National Animal Health Monitoring System, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Alyson M Wiedenheft
- National Animal Health Monitoring System, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Josie L Traub-Dargatz
- National Animal Health Monitoring System, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Diana M Short
- National Animal Health Monitoring System, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kim L Cook
- United States Department of Agriculture, Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Services, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kristina Lantz
- United States Department of Agriculture, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Brenda Morningstar-Shaw
- United States Department of Agriculture, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jodie Plumblee Lawrence
- United States Department of Agriculture, Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Services, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sandra House
- United States Department of Agriculture, Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Services, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Katherine L Marshall
- National Animal Health Monitoring System, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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12
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Gaire TN, Scott HM, Noyes NR, Ericsson AC, Tokach MD, Menegat MB, Vinasco J, Roenne B, Ray T, Nagaraja TG, Volkova VV. Age influences the temporal dynamics of microbiome and antimicrobial resistance genes among fecal bacteria in a cohort of production pigs. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:2. [PMID: 36624546 PMCID: PMC9830919 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-022-00222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pig gastrointestinal tract hosts a diverse microbiome, which can serve to select and maintain a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG). Studies suggest that the types and quantities of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in fecal bacteria change as the animal host ages, yet the temporal dynamics of AMR within communities of bacteria in pigs during a full production cycle remains largely unstudied. RESULTS A longitudinal study was performed to evaluate the dynamics of fecal microbiome and AMR in a cohort of pigs during a production cycle; from birth to market age. Our data showed that piglet fecal microbial communities assemble rapidly after birth and become more diverse with age. Individual piglet fecal microbiomes progressed along similar trajectories with age-specific community types/enterotypes and showed a clear shift from E. coli/Shigella-, Fusobacteria-, Bacteroides-dominant enterotypes to Prevotella-, Megaspheara-, and Lactobacillus-dominated enterotypes with aging. Even when the fecal microbiome was the least diverse, the richness of ARGs, quantities of AMR gene copies, and counts of AMR fecal bacteria were highest in piglets at 2 days of age; subsequently, these declined over time, likely due to age-related competitive changes in the underlying microbiome. ARGs conferring resistance to metals and multi-compound/biocides were detected predominately at the earliest sampled ages. CONCLUSIONS The fecal microbiome and resistome-along with evaluated descriptors of phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility of fecal bacteria-among a cohort of pigs, demonstrated opposing trajectories in diversity primarily driven by the aging of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara N. Gaire
- grid.36567.310000 0001 0737 1259Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - H. Morgan Scott
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Noelle R. Noyes
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- grid.134936.a0000 0001 2162 3504Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Michael D. Tokach
- grid.36567.310000 0001 0737 1259Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Mariana B. Menegat
- grid.36567.310000 0001 0737 1259Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Javier Vinasco
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Boyd Roenne
- grid.36567.310000 0001 0737 1259Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Tui Ray
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - T. G. Nagaraja
- grid.36567.310000 0001 0737 1259Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Victoriya V. Volkova
- grid.36567.310000 0001 0737 1259Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
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13
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Jia Y, Mao W, Liu B, Zhang S, Cao J, Xu X. Study on the drug resistance and pathogenicity of Escherichia coli isolated from calf diarrhea and the distribution of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:992111. [PMID: 36620061 PMCID: PMC9815963 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.992111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The unscientific and irrational use of antimicrobial drugs in dairy farms has led to the emergence of more serious drug resistance in Escherichia coli. Methods In this study, cases of calf diarrhea in cattle farms around the Hohhot area were studied, and Escherichia coli were identified by PCR and biochemical methods, while the distribution of virulence and drug resistance genes of the isolates was analyzed. Results The results showed that 21 strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from the diseased materials, and the isolation rate was 60%. The isolated strains belong to 15 ST types. The drug resistance levels of the isolated strains to 20 kinds of antimicrobial agent viz., penicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, cefepime, cefoxitin, and ceftriaxone were more than 50%. The resistance rate to meropenem was 10%. The resistance rates to tetracycline and doxycycline were 33% and 29%, to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and enrofloxacin were 48%, 33%, and 33%, to amikacin, kanamycin and gentamicin were 19%, 24% and 38%, to cotrimoxazole and erythromycin were 48% and 15%, to florfenicol, chloramphenicol and polymyxin B were 29%, 33%, and 5%. Nine strains of pathogenic calf diarrhea Escherichia coli were isolated by mouse pathogenicity test. The detection rates of virulence genes for the adhesion class were fimC (95%), IuxS (95%), eaeA (76%), fimA (62%), ompA (52%), and flu (24%). The detection rates for iron transporter protein like virulence genes were iroN (33%), iutA (19%), fyuA (14%), irp5 (9.5%), Iss (9.5%), and iucD (9.5%). The detection rates for toxin-like virulence genes were phoA (90%), Ecs3703 (57%), ropS (33%), hlyF (14%), and F17 (9.5%). The detection rates of tetracycline resistance genes in isolated strains were tetB (29%), tetA (19%) and tetD (14%). The detection rates for fluoroquinolone resistance genes were parC (Y305H, P333S, R355G) (9.5%), gyrA (S83L, D87N) (28%), qnrD (43%), and qnrS (9.5%). The detection rates for β-lactam resistance genes were bla CTX-M (29%), bla TEM (29%), and bla SHV (9.5%). The detection rates for aminoglycoside resistance genes were strA-B (57%), aacC (33%), aac(3')-IIa (29%), and aadAI (24%). The detection rates of chloramphenicol resistance genes floR and sulfa resistance genes sul2 were 24 and 33%. Conclusion Pathogenic Escherichia coli causing diarrhea in calves contain abundant virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Clinical Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China,Xuzhou Vocational College of Bioengineering, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Clinical Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Clinical Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuangyi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Clinical Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Clinical Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China,Jinshan Cao,
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,*Correspondence: Xiaojing Xu,
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14
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Uyama T, Renaud DL, Morrison EI, McClure JT, LeBlanc SJ, Winder CB, de Jong E, McCubbin KD, Barkema HW, Dufour S, Sanchez J, Heider LC, Kelton DF. Associations of calf management practices with antimicrobial use in Canadian dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9084-9097. [PMID: 36175237 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between management practices and antimicrobial use in heifer calves on Canadian dairy farms. Questionnaires on calf management practices, herd characteristics, and calf treatment records were administered on 147 dairy farms in 5 provinces during annual farm visits in a multiyear, nationwide research project (Canadian Dairy Network for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Resistance: CaDNetASR). Questions focused on the calf caregiver, calving pen, colostrum management, milk feeding, grouping, bedding management, and age when male calves were sold. Antimicrobial treatment records were collected on each farm from either an electronic herd management system or paper-based records. Newborn heifers born in the last 12 mo were identified retrospectively and followed to 60 d of age, with antimicrobial treatments and dates of sale or death extracted for further analysis. A multivariable linear regression model was developed with the natural log of the number of antimicrobial treatments per calf-year as the dependent variable, and categorized calf management practices and farm characteristics as the independent variables. A complete data set of records on 7,817 calves was retrieved from 74 farms based on completeness of calf records. A total of 2,310 calves were treated at least once with an antimicrobial, and 7,307 individual antimicrobial treatments were recorded. Among the reasons for antimicrobial use, respiratory disease (54%) was most common, followed by diarrhea (20%), presence of a fever (3%), and umbilical disease (2%). Florfenicol (33% of recorded treatments), penicillin (23%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (18%) were commonly used, whereas fluoroquinolones (4%), and ceftiofur (1%) were used less commonly. Farms (31%) commonly had 0-1.0 antimicrobial treatments/calf-year (median: 2.2 treatments/calf-year; interquartile range: 0.64-6.43 treatments/calf-year). Defined daily dose (DDD) per calf-year was calculated based on the Canadian bovine standards. Among the 74 farms, florfenicol (1.35 DDD/calf-year) and macrolides (0.73 DDD/calf-year) were used most, whereas ceftiofur (0.008 DDD/calf-year) was the lowest. The final multivariable linear regression model indicated that farms that fed transition milk had fewer than half the number of antimicrobial treatments per calf-year than those who did not feed transition milk. The number of antimicrobial treatments per calf-year in preweaning calves was low on many farms, and there was low use of highly important drugs for human medicine. The effect of feeding transition milk should be investigated regarding potential effects on antimicrobial use and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Uyama
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - D L Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - E I Morrison
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J T McClure
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - S J LeBlanc
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - C B Winder
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - E de Jong
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - K D McCubbin
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - H W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - S Dufour
- Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - J Sanchez
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - L C Heider
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - D F Kelton
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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15
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Zhang X, Yi X, Zhuang H, Deng Z, Ma C. Invited Review: Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Pathogens Associated with Diarrhea and Pneumonia in Dairy Calves. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060771. [PMID: 35327168 PMCID: PMC8944629 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial use (AMU) is the major driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacteria in dairy herds. There have been numerous studies on AMU and AMR in dairy cows; however, studies on AMU and AMR in dairy calves are limited. A comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge of AMU and AMR among pathogens in dairy calves is important for the development of scientifically supported and applicable measures to curb antimicrobial use and the increasing risk of AMR. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of research on AMU and AMR in dairy calves. A total of 75 publications were included, of which 19 studies reported AMU data for dairy calves and 68 described AMR profiles of the four most prevalent bacteria that are associated with calf diarrhea and calf pneumonia. Large variation in AMU was found among herds across different regions. There seems to be a positive association between exposure to antimicrobials and occurrence of resistance. Most AMU was accounted for by treatment of diseases, while a small proportion of AMU was prophylactic. AMU was more common in treating calf diarrhea than in treating pneumonia, and the resistance rates in bacteria associated with diarrhea were higher than those in pathogens related to pneumonia. Organic farms used significantly fewer antimicrobials to treat calf disease; however, the antimicrobial resistance rates of bacteria associated with calf diarrhea and pneumonia on both types of farms were comparable. Feeding waste or pasteurized milk was associated with a higher risk of AMR in pathogens. Altogether, this review summarizes AMU and AMR data for dairy calves and suggests areas for future research, providing evidence for the design of antimicrobial use stewardship programs in dairy calf farming.
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Nüesch‐Inderbinen M, Hänni C, Zurfluh K, Hartnack S, Stephan R. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of
Escherichia coli
and prevalence of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae in calves from organic and conventional dairy farms in Switzerland. Microbiologyopen 2022; 11:e1269. [PMID: 35478290 PMCID: PMC8924695 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among commensal Escherichia coli in the fecal microbiota of young calves raised on organic and on conventional dairy farms in Switzerland. Further, fecal carriage of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae was assessed for calves from both farming systems. Where possible, data on antimicrobial usage (AMU) were obtained. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on a total of 71 isolates using the disk diffusion method. ESBL producers were characterized by polymerase chain reaction‐based multilocus sequence typing and sequencing of the blaESBL genes. Organically raised calves were significantly more likely to harbor E. coli that showed AMR to ampicillin (odds ratio [OR]: 2.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–7.61, p = 0.046), streptomycin (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.17–8.92, p = 0.046), kanamycin (OR: 11.3, 95% CI: 2.94–43.50, p < 0.001), and tetracycline (OR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.13–9.31, p = 0.028). Calves with reported AMU were significantly more likely to harbor E. coli with resistance to ampicillin (OR: 3.91, 95% CI: 1.03–14.85, p = 0.045), streptomycin (OR: 4.35, 95% CI: 1.13–16.7, p = 0.045), and kanamycin (OR: 8.69, 95% CI: 2.01–37.7, p = 0.004). ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae (18 E. coli and 3 Citrobacter braakii) were detected exclusively among samples from conventionally farmed calves (OR: infinity [∞], 95% CI: 2.3–∞, p < 0.0013). The observations from this study suggest that AMR is highly prevalent among commensal E. coli in young dairy calves, irrespective of the farm management system, with proportions of certain resistance phenotypes higher among organic calves. By contrast, the occurrence of ESBL producers among young dairy calves may be linked to factors associated with conventional farming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Hänni
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Katrin Zurfluh
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sonja Hartnack
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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Uyama T, Renaud D, LeBlanc S, McClure J, Slavic D, Winder C, Kelton D. Observational study on antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from Ontario calf samples submitted to a diagnostic laboratory from 2007 to 2020. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2022; 63:260-268. [PMID: 35237012 PMCID: PMC8842237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to i) describe Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates; ii) investigate the temporal trends in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles; and iii) evaluate the impact of season and age on these AMR profiles from diagnostic and post-mortem samples in Ontario calves ≤ 2-months-old submitted from 2007 to 2020 to the Animal Health Laboratory in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results were measured by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. A total of 1291 isolates with AMR profiles were obtained from calves, with E. coli (n = 434) and Salmonella (n = 378) being the most common bacteria characterized for AMR. For E. coli, 79% of isolates tested showed a positive result in F5/K99, whereas for Salmonella isolates, S. Typhimurium (33%) and S. Dublin (22%) were the 2 most common serotypes identified. Multivariable logistic regression models were built to evaluate AMR profiles for E. coli (n = 414) and Salmonella (n = 357) to each antimicrobial tested. Most E. coli isolates (91%) and Salmonella isolates (97%) were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobials tested. In general, E. coli and Salmonella had higher odds of resistance in calves aged ≥ 2 wk compared to 1-week-old calves, and little difference was seen in the level of resistance over the years observed or between seasons in most of the antimicrobials tested. Prospective research should investigate potential risk factors for the development of AMR in calves examples being antimicrobial use and farm management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Uyama
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario (Uyama, Renaud, LeBlanc, Slavic, Winder, Kelton); Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island (McClure)
| | - David Renaud
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario (Uyama, Renaud, LeBlanc, Slavic, Winder, Kelton); Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island (McClure)
| | - Stephen LeBlanc
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario (Uyama, Renaud, LeBlanc, Slavic, Winder, Kelton); Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island (McClure)
| | - J McClure
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario (Uyama, Renaud, LeBlanc, Slavic, Winder, Kelton); Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island (McClure)
| | - Durda Slavic
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario (Uyama, Renaud, LeBlanc, Slavic, Winder, Kelton); Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island (McClure)
| | - Charlotte Winder
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario (Uyama, Renaud, LeBlanc, Slavic, Winder, Kelton); Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island (McClure)
| | - David Kelton
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario (Uyama, Renaud, LeBlanc, Slavic, Winder, Kelton); Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island (McClure)
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18
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Louge Uriarte EL, González Pasayo RA, Massó M, Carrera Paez L, Domínguez Moncla M, Donis N, Malena R, Méndez A, Morrell E, Giannitti F, Armendano JI, Faverin C, Centrón D, Parreño V, Odeón AC, Quiroga MP, Moreira AR. Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli of the phylogroups A and C in dairy calves with meningitis and septicemia. Microb Pathog 2022; 163:105378. [PMID: 34982979 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is an important cause of septicemia (SEPEC) and neonatal meningitis (NMEC) in dairy calves. However, the diversity of virulence profiles, phylogroups, antimicrobial resistance patterns, carriage of integron structures, and fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance mechanisms have not been fully investigated. Also, there is a paucity of knowledge about the virulence profiles and frequency of potential SEPEC in feces from calves with or without diarrhea. This study aimed to characterize the virulence potential, phylogroups, antimicrobial susceptibility, integron content, and FQ-resistance mechanisms in Escherichia coli isolated from calves with meningitis and septicemia. Additionally, the virulence genes (VGs) and profiles of E. coli isolated from diarrheic and non-diarrheic calves were compared between them and together with NMEC and SEPEC in order to identify shared profiles. Tissue and fluid samples from eight dairy calves with septicemia, four of which had concurrent meningitis, were processed for bacteriology and histopathology. Typing of VGs was assessed in 166 isolates from diverse samples of each calf. Selected isolates were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility by the disk diffusion test. Phylogroups, integron gene cassettes cartography, and FQ-resistance determinants were analyzed by PCR, sequencing, and bioinformatic tools. Furthermore, 109 fecal samples and 700 fecal isolates from dairy calves with or without diarrhea were evaluated to detect 19 VGs by uniplex PCR. Highly diverse VG profiles were characterized among NMEC and SEPEC isolates, but iucD was the predominant virulence marker. Histologic lesions in all calves supported their pathogenicity. Selected isolates mainly belonged to phylogroups A and C and showed multidrug resistance. Classic (dfrA17 and arr3-dfrA27) and complex (dfrA17-aadA5::ISCR1::blaCTX-M-2) class 1 integrons were identified. Target-site mutations in GyrA (S83L and D87N) and ParC (S80I) encoding genes were associated with FQ resistance. The VGs detected more frequently in fecal samples included f17G (50%), papC (30%), iucD (20%), clpG (19%), eae (16%), and afaE-8 (13%). Fecal isolates displaying the profiles of f17 or potential SEPEC were found in 25% of calves with and without diarrhea. The frequency of E. coli VGs and profiles did not differ between both groups (p > 0.05) and were identical or similar to those found in NMEC and SEPEC. Overall, multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates with diverse VG profiles and belonging to phylogroups A and C can be implicated in natural cases of meningitis and septicemia. Their resistance phenotypes can be partially explained by class 1 integron gene cassettes and target-site mutations in gyrA and parC. These results highlight the value of antimicrobial resistance surveillance in pathogenic bacteria isolated from food-producing animals. Besides, calves frequently shed potential SEPEC in their feces as commensals ("Trojan horse"). Thus, these bacteria may be disseminated in the farm environment, causing septicemia and meningitis under predisposing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique L Louge Uriarte
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible, INTA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IPADS, INTA-CONICET), Ruta 226 km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ramón A González Pasayo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible, INTA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IPADS, INTA-CONICET), Ruta 226 km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Massó
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Laura Carrera Paez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Manuel Domínguez Moncla
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Donis
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Rosana Malena
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible, INTA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IPADS, INTA-CONICET), Ruta 226 km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Méndez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible, INTA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IPADS, INTA-CONICET), Ruta 226 km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eleonora Morrell
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible, INTA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IPADS, INTA-CONICET), Ruta 226 km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Giannitti
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Ruta 50 km 11, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Semillero, 70006, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Joaquín I Armendano
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil, 7000, Argentina
| | - Claudia Faverin
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible, INTA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IPADS, INTA-CONICET), Ruta 226 km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Centrón
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Incuinta, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, INTA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IVIT, INTA-CONICET), Castelar, 1712, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anselmo C Odeón
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible, INTA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IPADS, INTA-CONICET), Ruta 226 km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Paula Quiroga
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina.
| | - Ana Rita Moreira
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible, INTA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IPADS, INTA-CONICET), Ruta 226 km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Antimicrobial Resistance, Serologic and Molecular Characterization of E. coli Isolated from Calves with Severe or Fatal Enteritis in Bavaria, Germany. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 11:antibiotics11010023. [PMID: 35052900 PMCID: PMC8772957 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cause neonatal diarrhea and high mortality rates in newborn calves, leading to great economic losses. In Bavaria, Germany, no recent facts are available regarding the prevalence of virulence factors or antimicrobial resistance of ETEC in calves. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 8713 E. coli isolates obtained from 7358 samples of diseased or deceased diarrheic calves were investigated between 2015 to 2019. Considerably high rates of 84.2% multidrug-resistant and 15.8% extensively drug-resistant isolates were detected. The resistance situation of the first, second and third line antimicrobials for the treatment, here amoxicillin-clavulanate, enrofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, is currently acceptable with mean non-susceptibility rates of 28.1%, 37.9% and 50.0% over the investigated 5-year period. Furthermore, the ETEC serotypes O101:K28, O9:K35, O101:K30, O101:K32, O78:K80, O139:K82, O8:K87, O141:K85 and O147:K89, as well as the virulence factors F17, F41, F5, ST-I and stx1 were identified in a subset of samples collected in 2019 and 2020. The substantially high rates of multi- and extensively drug-resistant isolates underline the necessity of continuous monitoring regarding antimicrobial resistance to provide reliable prognoses and adjust recommendations for the treatment of bacterial infections in animals.
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20
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Cella E, Okello E, Rossitto PV, Cenci-Goga BT, Grispoldi L, Williams DR, Sheedy DB, Pereira R, Karle BM, Lehenbauer TW, Aly SS. Estimating the Rates of Acquisition and loss of Resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to Antimicrobial Drugs in Pre-Weaned Dairy Calves. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102103. [PMID: 34683424 PMCID: PMC8539406 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the antimicrobial drugs (AMD) on the shedding of resistant Enterobacteriaceae in feces of pre-weaned dairy calves. The AMD considered were ceftiofur, administered parenterally, and neomycin sulfate added in milk replacer and fed to calves during the first 20 days of life. Fifty-five calves, aged one to three days, were enrolled and followed to 64 days. Fecal samples were collected three times/week and treatments recorded daily. Enterobacteriaceae were quantified for a subset of 33 calves using spiral plating on plain, ceftiofur supplemented, and neomycin supplemented MacConkey agar. Negative binomial models were used to predict the association between treatment with AMD and the gain and loss of Enterobacteriaceae resistance over time. Acquisition of resistance by the Enterobacteriaceae occurred during treatment and peaked between days three to four post-treatment before decreasing to below treatment levels at days seven to eight post-treatment. Acquisition of neomycin resistance was observed on the first sampling day (day four from the start of feeding medicated milk replacer) to day eight, followed by cyclical peaks until day 29, when the Enterobacteriaceae counts decreased below pre-treatment. Enterobacteriaceae resistance against both AMD increased after AMD administration and didn’t return to pre-therapeutic status until seven or more days after therapy had been discontinued. The study findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of Enterobacteriaceae under routine AMD use in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cella
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (E.C.); (E.O.); (P.V.R.); (D.R.W.); (D.B.S.); (T.W.L.)
| | - Emmanuel Okello
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (E.C.); (E.O.); (P.V.R.); (D.R.W.); (D.B.S.); (T.W.L.)
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Paul V. Rossitto
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (E.C.); (E.O.); (P.V.R.); (D.R.W.); (D.B.S.); (T.W.L.)
| | - Beniamino T. Cenci-Goga
- Laboratorio di Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (B.T.C.-G.); (L.G.)
| | - Luca Grispoldi
- Laboratorio di Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (B.T.C.-G.); (L.G.)
| | - Deniece R. Williams
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (E.C.); (E.O.); (P.V.R.); (D.R.W.); (D.B.S.); (T.W.L.)
| | - David B. Sheedy
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (E.C.); (E.O.); (P.V.R.); (D.R.W.); (D.B.S.); (T.W.L.)
| | - Richard Pereira
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Betsy M. Karle
- Cooperative Extension, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Orland, CA 95963, USA;
| | - Terry W. Lehenbauer
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (E.C.); (E.O.); (P.V.R.); (D.R.W.); (D.B.S.); (T.W.L.)
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Sharif S. Aly
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (E.C.); (E.O.); (P.V.R.); (D.R.W.); (D.B.S.); (T.W.L.)
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Correspondence:
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21
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Tate H, Li C, Nyirabahizi E, Tyson GH, Zhao S, Rice-Trujillo C, Jones SB, Ayers S, M'ikanatha NM, Hanna S, Ruesch L, Cavanaugh ME, Laksanalamai P, Mingle L, Matzinger SR, McDermott PF. A National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System Survey of Antimicrobial-Resistant Foodborne Bacteria Isolated from Retail Veal in the United States. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1749-1759. [PMID: 34015113 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Little is known about the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in veal meat in the United States. We estimated the prevalence of bacterial contamination and AMR in various veal meats collected during the 2018 U.S. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) survey of retail outlets in nine states and compared the prevalence with the frequency of AMR bacteria from other cattle sources sampled for NARMS. In addition, we identified genes associated with resistance to medically important antimicrobials and gleaned other genetic details about the resistant organisms. The prevalence of Campylobacter, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus in veal meats collected from grocery stores in nine states was 0% (0 of 358), 0.6% (2 of 358), 21.1% (49 of 232), and 53.5% (121 of 226), respectively, with ground veal posing the highest risk for contamination. Both Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent as were 65.3% (32 of 49) of E. coli and 73.6% (89 of 121) of Enterococcus isolates. Individual drug and multiple drug resistance levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in E. coli and Enterococcus from retail veal than in dairy cattle ceca and retail ground beef samples from 2018 NARMS data. Whole genome sequencing was conducted on select E. coli and Salmonella from veal. Cephalosporin resistance (blaCMY and blaCTX-M), macrolide resistance (mph), and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (qnr) genes and gyrA mutations were found. We also identified heavy metal resistance genes ter, ars, mer, fieF, and gol and disinfectant resistance genes qac and emrE. An stx1a-containing E. coli was also found. Sequence types were highly varied among the nine E. coli isolates that were sequenced. Several plasmid types were identified in E. coli and Salmonella, with the majority (9 of 11) of isolates containing IncF. This study illustrates that veal meat is a carrier of AMR bacteria. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Tate
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708
| | - Cong Li
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708
| | - Epiphanie Nyirabahizi
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708
| | - Gregory H Tyson
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708
| | - Shaohua Zhao
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708
| | - Crystal Rice-Trujillo
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708
| | - Sonya Bodeis Jones
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708
| | - Sherry Ayers
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708
| | - Nkuchia M M'ikanatha
- Division of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Pennsylvania Department of Health, 7th and Forster Streets, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17120
| | - Samir Hanna
- Tennessee Department of Health, 710 James Robertson Parkway, Nashville, Tennessee 37243
| | - Laura Ruesch
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Lab, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007
| | | | - Pongpan Laksanalamai
- Laboratories Administration, Maryland Department of Health, 1770 Ashland Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Lisa Mingle
- Wadsworth Center Division of Infectious Diseases, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208
| | - Shannon R Matzinger
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, 8100 Lowry Boulevard, Denver, Colorado 80230, USA
| | - Patrick F McDermott
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708
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22
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Haley BJ, Van Kessel JAS. The resistome of the bovine gastrointestinal tract. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 73:213-219. [PMID: 34492620 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tracts of beef and dairy cattle are reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, and our knowledge of the ecology of resistance in these animals has changed with the advent of novel molecular technologies. Application of metagenomics and qPCR to the study of bovine gut ecology has demonstrated that there is overlap, with some differences, between beef and dairy cattle fecal resistomes, that treatment with antimicrobials often transiently influences the resistome, and young calves carry a high abundance of ARGs. Future work should harness emerging metagenome sequencing technologies to better describe the taxa harboring ARGs and collocated non-resistance genes and use these data along with identifying the multiplicity of factors driving resistance to develop strategies to reduce AMR carriage in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradd J Haley
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA.
| | - Jo Ann S Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
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Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Associated Phenotypes in Escherichia coli and Enterococcus from Cattle at Different Production Stages on a Dairy Farm in Central California. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091042. [PMID: 34572624 PMCID: PMC8471271 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to characterize overall genomic antibiotic resistance profiles of fecal Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. from dairy cattle at different production stages using whole-genome sequencing and to determine the association between antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes and their corresponding genotypes. The Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) and ResFinder, two publicly available databases of antimicrobial resistance genes, were used to annotate isolates. Based on the ResFinder database, 27.5% and 20.0% of tested E. coli isolates (n = 40) harbored single and ≥3 antimicrobial resistance genes, respectively; for Enterococcus spp., we observed 87.8% and 8.2%, respectively. The highest prevalence of AMR genes in E. coli was for resistance to tetracycline (27.5%), followed by sulphonamide (22.5%) and aminoglycoside (20.0%); the predominant antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterococcus spp. targeted macrolide drugs (77.6%). Based on the CARD database, resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes was observed in all E. coli and 77.6% in Enterococcus spp. isolates. A high degree of agreement existed between the resistance phenotype and the presence of resistance genes for various antimicrobial classes for E. coli but much less so for isolates of Enterococcus. Consistent with prior work, fecal E. coli and Enterococcus spp. isolates from calves harbored a wide spectrum of resistance genes, compared to those from cattle at other production stages, based on the cross-sectional samples from the studied farm.
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24
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Yang C, Rehman MA, Yin X, Carrillo CD, Wang QI, Yang C, Gong J, Diarra MS. Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes and Genotypes of Escherichia coli Isolates from Broiler Chickens Fed Encapsulated Cinnamaldehyde and Citral. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1385-1399. [PMID: 33770170 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in-feed encapsulated cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and citral (CIT) alone or in combination on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes and genotypes of Escherichia coli isolates recovered from feces of 6-, 16-, 23-, and 27-day-old broiler chickens. The five dietary treatments including the basal diet (negative control [NC]) and the basal diet supplemented with 55 ppm of bacitracin (BAC), 100 ppm of encapsulated CIN, 100 ppm of encapsulated CIT, or 100 ppm each of encapsulated CIN and encapsulated CIT (CIN+CIT). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 240 E. coli isolates revealed that the most common resistance was to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and tetracycline; however, the prevalence of AMR decreased (P < 0.05) as birds aged. The prevalence of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, gentamicin, and sulfonamide was lower (P < 0.05) in isolates from the CIN or CIN+CIT groups than in isolates from the NC or BAC groups. Whole genome sequencing of 227 of the 240 isolates revealed 26 AMR genes and 19 plasmids, but the prevalence of some AMR genes and the number of plasmids were lower (P < 0.05) in E. coli isolated from CIN or CIN+CIT birds than in isolates from NC or BAC birds. The most prevalent resistance genes were tet(A) (108 isolates), aac(3)-VIa (91 isolates), aadA1 (86 isolates), blaCMY-2 (78 isolates), sul1 (77 isolates), aph(3)-Ib (58 isolates), aph(6)-Id (58 isolates), and sul2 (24 isolates). The numbers of most virulence genes carried by isolates increased (P < 0.05) in chickens from 6 to 27 days of age. The prevalence of E. coli O21:H16 isolates was lower (P < 0.05) in CIN and CIN+CIT, and the colibacillosis-associated multilocus sequence type (ST117) was most prevalent in isolates from 23-day-old chickens. A phylogenetic tree of whole genome sequences revealed a close relationship between 25 of the 227 isolates and human or broiler extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strains. These findings indicate that AMR and virulence genotypes of E. coli could be modulated by providing encapsulated CIN or CIN+CIT feed supplements, but further investigation is needed to determine the mechanisms of the effects of these supplements. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongwu Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2.,Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
| | - Muhammad Attiq Rehman
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
| | - Xianhua Yin
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
| | - Catherine D Carrillo
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa Laboratory (Carling), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0Z2
| | - Q I Wang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
| | - Moussa S Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
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Ohene Larbi R, Ofori LA, Sylverken AA, Ayim-Akonor M, Obiri-Danso K. Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli from Broilers, Pigs, and Cattle in the Greater Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:5158185. [PMID: 34194507 PMCID: PMC8203396 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5158185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, resistance to antimicrobial drugs in food animals is on the rise. Escherichia coli of livestock, though commensal in nature, serves as reservoir for antimicrobial resistance genes with the potential of disseminating them. This study sought to examine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli in broilers, pigs, and cattle in the Kumasi Metropolis and undertake molecular characterisation of the resistances. Faecal E. coli isolates (n = 48) were obtained from 10 broiler farms, (n = 43) from 15 pig farms, and (n = 42) from cattle from the Kumasi Abattoir using standard bacteriological techniques. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was employed in testing the sensitivities of 133 E. coli isolates to 15 antimicrobials. All 48 isolates from broilers presented no resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ceftiofur. A 100% resistance to meropenem was observed in pig and cattle isolates. Multidrug resistance (MDR) across animal groups was 95.8% (n = 46), 95.3% (n = 41), and 64.3% (n = 27) for broilers, pigs, and cattle, respectively. Twenty-eight isolates presenting phenotypic resistance to aminopenicillins and cephalosporins were screened for the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes by PCR. One isolate from poultry and another from cattle tested positive for the blaCTX-M ESBL gene. There were no positives for the blaTEM and blaSHV ESBL genes. Commensal E. coli of food animal origin represents an important reservoir of antimicrobial resistance that transfers resistance to pathogenic and nonpathogenic microbes affecting humans and animals. There is an urgent need to institute routine surveillance for the establishment of the mechanisms and molecular orientation of resistance in these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ohene Larbi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Animal Health Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Animal Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
| | - Linda Aurelia Ofori
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Augustina Angelina Sylverken
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, PMB, UPO, Kumasi 00233, Ghana
| | - Matilda Ayim-Akonor
- Animal Health Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Animal Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwasi Obiri-Danso
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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26
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Massé J, Lardé H, Fairbrother JM, Roy JP, Francoz D, Dufour S, Archambault M. Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Characteristics of Escherichia coli Isolates From Fecal and Manure Pit Samples on Dairy Farms in the Province of Québec, Canada. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:654125. [PMID: 34095273 PMCID: PMC8175654 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.654125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important burden for public health and veterinary medicine. For Québec (Canada) dairy farms, the prevalence of AMR is mostly described using passive surveillance, which may be misleading. In addition, the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC producing Escherichia coli is unknown. This observational cross-sectional study used random dairy farms (n = 101) to investigate AMR and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC producing Escherichia coli. Twenty antimicrobials were tested on E. coli isolates (n = 593) recovered from fecal samples (n = 599) from calves, cows, and the manure pit. Isolates were mostly susceptible (3% AMR or less) to the highest priority critically important antimicrobials in humans. The highest levels of AMR were to tetracycline (26%), sulfisozaxole (23%) and streptomycin (19%). The resistance genes responsible for these resistances were, respectively: tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, sul3, aph(3")-Ib (strA), aph(6)-Id (strB), aadA1, aadA2, and aadA5. ESBL analysis revealed two predominant phenotypes: AmpC (51%) and ESBL (46%) where bla CMY-2 and bla CTX-M ( bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, and bla CTX-M-55) were the genes responsible for these phenotypes, respectively. During this study, 85% of farms had at least one ESBL/AmpC producing E. coli. Isolates from calves were more frequently resistant than those from cows or manure pits. Although prevalence of AMR was low for critically important antimicrobials, there was a high prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli on Quebec dairy farms, particularly in calves. Those data will help determine a baseline for AMR to evaluate impact of initiatives aimed at reducing AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Massé
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Hélène Lardé
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - John M Fairbrother
- Groupe de Recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Roy
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - David Francoz
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Dufour
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Archambault
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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27
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Salaheen S, Kim SW, Hovingh E, Van Kessel JAS, Haley BJ. Metagenomic Analysis of the Microbial Communities and Resistomes of Veal Calf Feces. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:609950. [PMID: 33633694 PMCID: PMC7899987 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.609950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health concern, and dairy calves, including veal calves, are known reservoirs of resistant bacteria. To investigate AMR in the fecal microbial communities of veal calves, we conducted metagenomic sequencing of feces collected from individual animals on four commercial veal operations in Pennsylvania. Fecal samples from three randomly selected calves on each farm were collected soon after the calves were brought onto the farms (n = 12), and again, just before the calves from the same cohorts were ready for slaughter (n = 12). Results indicated that the most frequently identified phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Fecal microbial communities in samples collected from the calves at the early and late stages of production were significantly different at the genus level (analysis of similarities [ANOSIM] on Bray-Curtis distances, R = 0.37, p < 0.05), but not at the phylum level. Variances among microbial communities in the feces of the younger calves were significantly higher than those from the feces of calves at the late stage of production (betadisper F = 8.25, p < 0.05). Additionally, our analyses identified a diverse set of mobile antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the veal calf feces. The fecal resistomes mostly consisted of ARGs that confer resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS), and these ARGs represented more than 70% of the fecal resistomes. Factors that are responsible for selection and persistence of resistant bacteria in the veal calf gut need to be identified to implement novel control points and interrupt detrimental AMR occurrence and shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serajus Salaheen
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Seon Woo Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Ernest Hovingh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jo Ann S Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Bradd J Haley
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
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28
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Gaire TN, Scott HM, Sellers L, Nagaraja TG, Volkova VV. Age Dependence of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Fecal Bacteria in Animals: A Scoping Review. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:622495. [PMID: 33575279 PMCID: PMC7870994 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.622495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: A phenomenon of decreasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among fecal bacteria as food animals age has been noted in multiple field studies. We conducted a scoping review to summarize the extent, range, and nature of research activity and the data for the following question: "does AMR among enteric/fecal bacteria predictably shift as animals get older?". Methods: This review followed a scoping review methodology framework. Pertinent literature published up until November 2018 for all animals (except humans) was retrieved using keyword searches in two online databases, namely, PubMed® and the Web of Science™ Core Collection, without filtering publication date, geographic location, or language. Data were extracted from the included studies, summarized, and plotted. Study quality was also assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines for all included papers. Results: The publications with detailed relevant data (n = 62) in food animals, poultry, and dogs were identified. These included longitudinal studies (n = 32), cross-sectional studies of different age groups within one food animal production system or small-animal catchment area (n = 16), and experimental or diet trials (n = 14). A decline in host-level prevalence and/or within-host abundance of AMR among fecal bacteria in production beef, dairy cattle, and swine was reported in nearly two-thirds (65%) of the identified studies in different geographic locations from the 1970's to 2018. Mixed results, with AMR abundance among fecal bacteria either increasing or decreasing with age, have been reported in poultry (broiler chicken, layer, and grow-out turkey) and dogs. Conclusions: Quantitative synthesis of the data suggests that the age-dependent AMR phenomenon in cattle and swine is observed irrespective of geographic location and specific production practices. It is unclear whether the phenomenon predates or is related to antimicrobial drug use. However, almost 50% of the identified studies predate recent changes in antimicrobial drug use policy and regulations in food animals in the United States and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara N Gaire
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Harvey Morgan Scott
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Laura Sellers
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - T G Nagaraja
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Victoriya V Volkova
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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29
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Amin N, Seifert J. Dynamic progression of the calf's microbiome and its influence on host health. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:989-1001. [PMID: 33613865 PMCID: PMC7868804 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The first year of a calf's life is a critical phase as its digestive system and immunity are underdeveloped. A high level of stress caused by separation from mothers, transportation, antibiotic treatments, dietary shifts, and weaning can have long-lasting health effects, which can reduce future production parameters, such as milk yield and reproduction, or even increase the mortality of calves. The early succession of microbes throughout the gastrointestinal tract of neonatal calves follows a sequential pattern of colonisation and is greatly influenced by their physiological state, age, diet, and environmental factors; this leads to the establishment of region- and site-specific microbial communities. This review summarises the current information on the various potential factors that may affect the early life microbial colonisation pattern in the gastrointestinal tract of calves. The possible role of host-microbe interactions in the development and maturation of host gut, immune system, and health are described. Additionally, the possibility of improving the health of calves through gut microbiome modulation and using antimicrobial alternatives is discussed. Finally, the trends, challenges, and limitations of the current research are summarised and prospective directions for future studies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Amin
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jana Seifert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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30
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Singh A, Kumar S, Vinay V, Tyagi B, Choudhury PK, Rashmi H, Banakar P, Tyagi N, Tyagi AK. Autochthonous Lactobacillus spp. isolated from Murrah buffalo calves show potential application as probiotic. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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31
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Liu J, Yu F, Call DR, Mills DA, Zhang A, Zhao Z. On-farm soil resistome is modified after treating dairy calves with the antibiotic florfenicol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141694. [PMID: 32871373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We determined the immediate impact of exposure to antibiotic-treated animals on housing soil microbiome and resistome. Fecal (n = 36) and soil (n = 108) samples from dairy calves (n = 6) treated with and without florfenicol over 30 days were collected. There were temporary changes in the gut microbiome of antibiotic-treated calves as measured by Shannon diversity (16S rRNA gene sequencing; P = 0.03), but not in the housing soil microbiome (P > 0.05). Droplet-digital PCR demonstrated that floR gene increased by 1-log in soil exposed to treated animals (P < 0.001), but it remained relatively stable in the control soil whereby calves were not treated with antibiotic. Resistome in exposed soil was largely modified (P = 0.004) with the overall prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) significantly elevated (3.8-fold increase by day 10; P = 0.01). In addition to florfenicol, enriched ARGs collectively conferring resistance to tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, elfamycins, macrolides-lincosamides-streptrogramin A/B, and beta-lactams. Quantitative PCR validated that ARGs including str and tetG in soil exposed to florfenicol-treated calves had gradually increased fold-change difference relative to the control soil over time. Moreover, a greater diversity of transferrable ARGs was observed in exposed soil and these were associated with a greater diversity of bacterial species. Evaluation of on-farm effects to soil in situ after exposure to antibiotic-treated animals can help design effective managements to mitigate antibiotic resistance in food-animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Foods for Health Institute, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - David A Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Foods for Health Institute, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Viticulture and Enology, Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Anyun Zhang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
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32
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Merging Metagenomics and Spatial Epidemiology To Understand the Distribution of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes from Enterobacteriaceae in Wild Owls. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00571-20. [PMID: 32769191 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00571-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a well-documented phenomenon in bacteria from many natural ecosystems, including wild animals. However, the specific determinants and spatial distribution of resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment remain incompletely understood. In particular, information regarding the importance of anthropogenic sources of AMR relative to that of other biological and ecological influences is lacking. We conducted a cross-sectional study of AMR in great horned owls (Bubo virginianus) and barred owls (Strix varia) admitted to a rehabilitation center in the midwestern United States. A combination of selective culture enrichment and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to identify ARGs from Enterobacteriaceae Overall, the prevalence of AMR was comparable to that in past studies of resistant Enterobacteriaceae in raptors, with acquired ARGs being identified in 23% of samples. Multimodel regression analyses identified seasonality and owl age to be important predictors of the likelihood of the presence of ARGs, with birds sampled during warmer months being more likely to harbor ARGs than those sampled during cooler months and with birds in their hatch year being more likely to harbor β-lactam ARGs than adults. Beyond host-specific determinants, ARG-positive owls were also more likely to be recovered from areas of high agricultural land cover. Spatial clustering analyses identified a significant high-risk cluster of tetracycline resistance gene-positive owls in the southern sampling range, but this could not be explained by any predictor variables. Taken together, these results highlight the complex distribution of AMR in natural environments and suggest that both biological and anthropogenic factors play important roles in determining the emergence and persistence of AMR in wildlife.IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a multifaceted problem that poses a worldwide threat to human and animal health. Recent reports suggest that wildlife may play an important role in the emergence, dissemination, and persistence of AMR. As such, there have been calls for better integration of wildlife into current research on AMR, including the use of wild animals as biosentinels of AMR contamination in the environment. A One Health approach can be used to gain a better understanding of all AMR sources and pathways, particularly those at the human-animal-environment interface. Our study focuses on this interface in order to assess the effect of human-impacted landscapes on AMR in a wild animal. This work highlights the value of wildlife rehabilitation centers for environmental AMR surveillance and demonstrates how metagenomic sequencing within a spatial epidemiology framework can be used to address questions surrounding AMR complexity in natural ecosystems.
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Oh SI, Ha S, Roh JH, Hur TY, Yoo JG. Dynamic Changes in Antimicrobial Resistance in Fecal Escherichia coli from Neonatal Dairy Calves: An Individual Follow-Up Study. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101776. [PMID: 33019522 PMCID: PMC7600855 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Antimicrobial resistance in food animals is a global public health concern. In dairy farms, young calves typically carry high levels of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Escherichia coli, and may act as a potential reservoir. Fecal E. coli were isolated and tested for susceptibilities to eight common antimicrobials from 19 newborn dairy calves using individual follow-up at daily and weekly intervals. Shedding of AMR E. coli first appeared at 2–3 days after birth. The majority of fecal E. coli from neonatal calves (≤28 days old) were resistant to streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline. A tetracyclines-associated resistance gene (tetB) was predominant in the fecal E. coli from neonatal calves, and was also detected in maternal colostrum samples from the mothers of the tested calves. These results suggest the potential of antimicrobial resistance genes being shared between neonatal calves and their mothers’ colostrum. Neonatal calves with a history of treatment with ceftiofur also shed AMR E. coli resistant against beta-lactams. Moreover, these results provide new insights for controlling the spread of antimicrobial resistance on dairy farms. Abstract The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Escherichia coli is typically higher in the feces of young dairy calves than in the feces of older cattle; however, the underlying factors contributing to this difference are poorly understood. In this study, AMR fecal E. coli from neonatal calves were characterized both at phenotypic and genotypic levels by individual follow-up sampling. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of E. coli isolates from the maternal colostrum were also determined. Most of the fecal AMR E. coli emerged in the calves at 2–3 days of age. The tetB was the most prevalent resistance gene detected among AMR fecal E. coli from <7-day-old calves, and was also detected in two isolates from the maternal colostrum. Weekly sampling revealed changes in the phenotype of AMR fecal E. coli as the calves aged. More than half of the fecal E. coli isolates acquired additional resistance to beta-lactams by 21–28 days of age, and minimum inhibitory concentrations were higher in ceftiofur-exposed calves than in unexposed calves. Our findings reveal the dynamic changes in AMR fecal E. coli from neonatal calves, and suggest that the feeding of colostrum and ceftiofur administration contribute to the higher prevalence of AMR E. coli in young dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jae Gyu Yoo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-238-7220; Fax: +82-63-238-7235
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Silva N, Phythian CJ, Currie C, Tassi R, Ballingall KT, Magro G, McNeilly TN, Zadoks RN. Antimicrobial resistance in ovine bacteria: A sheep in wolf's clothing? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238708. [PMID: 32881949 PMCID: PMC7470381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To monitor the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), methods for interpretation of susceptibility phenotypes of bacteria are needed. Reference limits to declare resistance are generally based on or dominated by data from human bacterial isolates and may not reflect clinical relevance or wild type (WT) populations in livestock or other hosts. METHODS We compared the observed prevalence of AMR using standard and bespoke interpretations based on clinical breakpoints or epidemiological cut-offs (ECOFF) using gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria from sheep as exemplars. Isolates were obtained from a cross-sectional study in three lowland sheep flocks in Scotland, and from a longitudinal study in one flock in Norway. S. aureus (n = 101) was predominantly isolated from milk or mammary glands whilst E. coli (n = 103) was mostly isolated from faecal samples. Disc diffusion testing was used to determine inhibition zone diameters, which were interpreted using either clinical breakpoints or ECOFF, which distinguish the bacterial wild type population from bacteria with acquired or mutational resistance to the compound of interest (non-wild type). Standard ECOFF values were considered as well as sheep-specific values calculated from the data using Normalized Resistance Interpretation (NRI) methodology. RESULTS The prevalence of AMR as measured based on clinical breakpoints was low, e.g. 4.0% for penicillin resistance in S. aureus. Estimation of AMR prevalence based on standard ECOFFs was hampered by lack of relevant reference values. In addition, standard ECOFFS, which are predominantly based on human data, bisected the normal distribution of inhibition zone diameters for several compounds in our analysis of sheep isolates. This contravenes recommendations for ECOFF setting based on NRI methodology and may lead to high apparent AMR prevalence. Using bespoke ECOFF values based on NRI, S. aureus showed non-wild type for less than 4% of isolates across 13 compounds, and ca. 13% non-wild type for amoxicillin and ampicillin, while E. coli showed non-wild type for less than 3% of isolates across 12 compounds, and ca. 13% non-wild type for tetracyclines and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. CONCLUSION The apparent prevalence of AMR in bacteria isolated from sheep is highly dependent on interpretation criteria. The sheep industry may want to establish bespoke cut-off values for AMR monitoring to avoid the use of cut-offs developed for other host species. The latter could lead to high apparent prevalence of resistance, including to critically important antimicrobial classes such as 4th generation cephalosporins and carbapenems, suggesting an AMR problem that may not actually exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Silva
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Clare J. Phythian
- Institute for Production Animal Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Carol Currie
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Tassi
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Keith T. Ballingall
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Giada Magro
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Tom N. McNeilly
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth N. Zadoks
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Haley BJ, Kim SW, Salaheen S, Hovingh E, Van Kessel JAS. Differences in the Microbial Community and Resistome Structures of Feces from Preweaned Calves and Lactating Dairy Cows in Commercial Dairy Herds. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 17:494-503. [PMID: 32176535 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preweaned dairy calves and lactating dairy cows are known reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To further understand the differences in the resistomes and microbial communities between the two, we sequenced the metagenomes of fecal composite samples from preweaned dairy calves and lactating dairy cows on 17 commercial dairy farms (n = 34 samples). Results indicated significant differences in the structures of the microbial communities (analysis of similarities [ANOSIM] R = 0.81, p = 0.001) and resistomes (ANOSIM R = 0.93 to 0.96, p = 0.001) between the two age groups. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the predominant members of the communities, but when the groups were compared, Bacteroidetes and Verrumicrobia were significantly more abundant in calf fecal composite samples, whereas Firmicutes, Spirochaetes, Deinococcus-Thermus, Lentisphaerae, Planctomycetes, Chlorofexi, and Saccharibacteria-(TM7) were more abundant in lactating cow samples. Diverse suites of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were identified in all samples, with the most frequently detected being assigned to tetracycline and aminoglycoside resistance. When the two groups were compared, ARGs were significantly more abundant in composite fecal samples from calves than those from lactating cows (calf median ARG abundance = 1.8 × 100 ARG/16S ribosomal RNA [rRNA], cow median ARG abundance = 1.7 × 10-1 ARG/16S rRNA) and at the antibiotic resistance class level, the relative abundance of tetracycline, trimethoprim, aminoglycoside, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, β-lactam, and phenicol resistance genes was significantly higher in calf samples than in cow samples. Results of this study indicate that composite feces from preweaned calves harbor different bacterial communities and resistomes than composite feces from lactating cows, with a greater abundance of resistance genes detected in preweaned calf feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradd J Haley
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Seon-Woo Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Serajus Salaheen
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Ernest Hovingh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Jo Ann S Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
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Naberhaus SA, Krull AC, Arruda BL, Arruda P, Sahin O, Schwartz KJ, Burrough ER, Magstadt DR, Matias Ferreyra F, Gatto IRH, Meiroz de Souza Almeida H, Wang C, Kreuder AJ. Pathogenicity and Competitive Fitness of Salmonella enterica Serovar 4,[5],12:i:- Compared to Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Derby in Swine. Front Vet Sci 2020; 6:502. [PMID: 32083096 PMCID: PMC7002397 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2014, Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- has emerged as the most common serovar of Salmonella enterica identified from swine samples submitted to veterinary diagnostic laboratories in the United States. To compare the pathogenicity of S. 4,[5],12:i:- in swine to the known pathogenic Salmonella Typhimurium and lesser pathogenic Salmonella Derby, 72 pigs (20 per Salmonella serovar treatment and 12 controls) were inoculated with either S. Typhimurium, S. 4,[5],12:i:-, S. Derby, or sham-inoculated and followed for up to 28 days thereafter via rectal temperature, fecal scoring, and fecal culture. Animals were euthanized on days 2, 4, or 28 to determine the gross and histopathologic signs of disease and tissue colonization. The results clearly demonstrate that for the isolates selected, serovar 4,[5],12:i:- possesses similar ability as serovar Typhimurium to cause clinical disease, colonize the tonsils and ileocecal lymph nodes, and be shed in the feces of infected swine past resolution of clinical disease. To compare the competitive fitness of S. 4,[5],12:i:- to S. Typhimurium in swine when co-infected, 12 pigs were co-inoculated with equal concentrations of both S. Typhimurium and S. 4,[5],12:i and followed for up to 10 days thereafter. When co-inoculated, serovar 4,[5],12:i:- was consistently detected in the feces of a higher percentage of pigs and at higher concentrations than serovar Typhimurium, suggesting an increased competitive fitness of 4,[5],12:i:- relative to serovar Typhimurium when inoculated simultaneously into naïve pigs. Whole genome sequencing analysis of the isolates used in these studies revealed similar virulence factor presence in all S. 4,[5],12:i:- and S. Typhimurium isolates, but not S. Derby, providing additional evidence for similar pathogenicity potential between serovars 4,[5],12:i:- and Typhimurium. Altogether, this data strongly supports the hypothesis that S. 4,[5],12:i:- is a pathogen of swine and suggests a mechanism through increased competitive fitness for the increasing identification of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- in swine diagnostic samples over the past several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Naberhaus
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Adam C Krull
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Bailey L Arruda
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Paulo Arruda
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kent J Schwartz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Eric R Burrough
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Drew R Magstadt
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Franco Matias Ferreyra
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Igor R H Gatto
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Henrique Meiroz de Souza Almeida
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Amanda J Kreuder
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Subbiah M, Caudell MA, Mair C, Davis MA, Matthews L, Quinlan RJ, Quinlan MB, Lyimo B, Buza J, Keyyu J, Call DR. Antimicrobial resistant enteric bacteria are widely distributed amongst people, animals and the environment in Tanzania. Nat Commun 2020; 11:228. [PMID: 31932601 PMCID: PMC6957491 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic use and bacterial transmission are responsible for the emergence, spread and persistence of antimicrobial-resistant (AR) bacteria, but their relative contribution likely differs across varying socio-economic, cultural, and ecological contexts. To better understand this interaction in a multi-cultural and resource-limited context, we examine the distribution of antimicrobial-resistant enteric bacteria from three ethnic groups in Tanzania. Household-level data (n = 425) was collected and bacteria isolated from people, livestock, dogs, wildlife and water sources (n = 62,376 isolates). The relative prevalence of different resistance phenotypes is similar across all sources. Multi-locus tandem repeat analysis (n = 719) and whole-genome sequencing (n = 816) of Escherichia coli demonstrate no evidence for host-population subdivision. Multivariate models show no evidence that veterinary antibiotic use increased the odds of detecting AR bacteria, whereas there is a strong association with livelihood factors related to bacterial transmission, demonstrating that to be effective, interventions need to accommodate different cultural practices and resource limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Subbiah
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Mark A Caudell
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Colette Mair
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Margaret A Davis
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Louise Matthews
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert J Quinlan
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Marsha B Quinlan
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Beatus Lyimo
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Joram Buza
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Julius Keyyu
- Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
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Liu J, Zhao Z, Avillan JJ, Call DR, Davis M, Sischo WM, Zhang A. Dairy farm soil presents distinct microbiota and varied prevalence of antibiotic resistance across housing areas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113058. [PMID: 31454571 PMCID: PMC7646532 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dairy cattle of different ages experience different living conditions and varied frequency of antibiotic administration that likely influence the distribution of microbiome and resistome in ways that reflect different risks of microbial transmission. To assess the degree of variance in these distributions, fecal and soil samples were collected from six distinct housing areas on commercial dairy farms (n = 7) in Washington State. 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the microbiota differed between different on-farm locations in feces and soil, and in both cases, the microbiota of dairy calves was often distinct from others (P < 0.05). Thirty-two specific antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were widely distributed on dairies, of which several clinically relevant ARGs (including cfr, cfrB, and optrA) were identified for the first time at U.S. dairies. Overall, ARGs were observed more frequently in feces and soil from dairy calves and heifers than from hospital, fresh, lactation and dry pens. Droplet-digital PCR demonstrated that the absolute abundance of floR varied greatly across housing areas and this gene was enriched the most in calves and heifers. Furthermore, in an extended analysis with 14 dairies, environmental soils in calf pens had the most antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli followed by heifer and hospital pens. All soil E. coli isolates (n = 1,905) are resistant to at least 4 different antibiotics, and the PFGE analysis indicated that florfenicol-resistant E. coli is probably shared across geographically-separated farms. This study identified a discrete but predictable distribution of antibiotic resistance genes and organisms, which is important for designing mitigation for higher risk areas on dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Food Science and Technology, Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Johannetsy J Avillan
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Margaret Davis
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - William M Sischo
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Anyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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Liu J, Taft DH, Maldonado-Gomez MX, Johnson D, Treiber ML, Lemay DG, DePeters EJ, Mills DA. The fecal resistome of dairy cattle is associated with diet during nursing. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4406. [PMID: 31562300 PMCID: PMC6765000 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health concern, and livestock play a significant role in selecting for resistance and maintaining such reservoirs. Here we study the succession of dairy cattle resistome during early life using metagenomic sequencing, as well as the relationship between resistome, gut microbiota, and diet. In our dataset, the gut of dairy calves serves as a reservoir of 329 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) presumably conferring resistance to 17 classes of antibiotics, and the abundance of ARGs declines gradually during nursing. ARGs appear to co-occur with antibacterial biocide or metal resistance genes. Colostrum is a potential source of ARGs observed in calves at day 2. The dynamic changes in the resistome are likely a result of gut microbiota assembly, which is closely associated with diet transition in dairy calves. Modifications in the resistome may be possible via early-life dietary interventions to reduce overall antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Diana H Taft
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Maria X Maldonado-Gomez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Daisy Johnson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Michelle L Treiber
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Danielle G Lemay
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Genome Center, University of California, 451 Health Science Dr., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Edward J DePeters
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - David A Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, University of California, Davis, California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Bitrus AA, Mshelia PA, Kwoji ID, Goni MD, Jajere SM. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and ampicillin Class C beta lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from food animals: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2019.65-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has gained global notoriety due to its public health concern, the emergence of multiple drug-resistant bacteria, and lack of new antimicrobials. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)/ampicillin Class C (AmpC)- producing Escherichia coli and other zoonotic pathogens can be transmitted to humans from animals either through the food chain, direct contact or contamination of shared environments. There is a surge in the rate of resistance to medically important antibiotics such as carbapenem, ESBL, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones among bacteria of zoonotic importance. Factors that may facilitate the occurrence, persistence and dissemination of ESBL/AmpC-Producing E. coli in humans and animal includes; 1). o ral administration of antimicrobials to humans primarily (by physician and health care providers) and secondarily to animals, 2). importation of parent stock and day-old chickens, 3). farm management practice and lack of water acidification in poultry, 4). contamination of feed, water and environment, 5). contamination of plants with feces of animals. Understanding these key factors will help reduce the level of resistance, thereby boosting the therapeutic effectiveness of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of animal and human infections. This review highlights the occurrence, risk factors, and public health importance of ESBL/AmpC-beta-lactamase producing E. coli isolated from livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, P.M. B 2084 Jos, Plateau, Nigeria
| | - Peter Anjili Mshelia
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069 Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria
| | - Iliya Dauda Kwoji
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069 Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Dauda Goni
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Saleh Mohammed Jajere
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Salazar LFL, Nero LA, Campos-Galvão MEM, Cortinhas CS, Acedo TS, Tamassia LFM, Busato KC, Morais VC, Rotta PP, Silva AL, Marcondes MI. Effect of selected feed additives to improve growth and health of dairy calves. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216066. [PMID: 31050665 PMCID: PMC6499422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the effect of different feed additives on intake, performance, and fecal consistency index (FCI) of dairy calves from 6-60 d of age and its residual effect 15 d after weaning. Fifty Holstein calves (38 ± 1.0 kg BW) were fed 5 L/d of milk plus starter feed until weaning, and corn silage and concentrate after weaning. The treatments were: control (CON), monensin (MON; 30 mg/kg of starter), probiotic E. faecium (PROB; 70 mg/kg of starter), essential oils (EO; 300 mg/kg of starter), or PROB + EO (EOPROB). Fecal score and dry matter intake (DMI) were measured daily, and animals were weighed every 15 d. A DNA extraction from feces was performed to identify the presence of microorganisms (E. coli, Hafnia, Shiguella, Lactobacillus spp, Enterococcus spp, and Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415) by PCR. Two 72-h digestibility trials were performed at days 20-28 and 50-56, by total fecal collection. The DMI before weaning was greater for EO (903.0 g/d) compared with MON (794.3 g/d) and EOPROB (783.1 g/d). The FCI decreased during pre-weaning for EO and MON. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) did not differ among treatments before weaning. After weaning, DMI and FCI did not differ among treatments. The EO had greater ADG (917.5 g/d) compared with CON (615.8 g/d) and PROB (592.6 g/d). The FE improved with EO (0.72 g/g) over CON (0.36 g/g), MON (0.49 g/g), and PROB (0.36 g/g). The PCR results showed absence of E. faecium NCIMB 10415 in animals fed PROB and CON. Animals fed PROB had greater intake of CP and NDF than animals fed EOPROB. The EO can be added to the dairy calf ration to improve fecal score and increase DMI. The pre-weaning FCI decrease with MON and increase with PROB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa F. L. Salazar
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luis A. Nero
- Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina S. Cortinhas
- Department of Innovation and Applied Science, DSM Produtos Nutricionais Brasil S.A., São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago S. Acedo
- Department of Innovation and Applied Science, DSM Produtos Nutricionais Brasil S.A., São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis F. M. Tamassia
- Department of Innovation and Applied Science, DSM Produtos Nutricionais Brasil S.A., São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina C. Busato
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Válber C. Morais
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Polyana P. Rotta
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alex L. Silva
- Department of Animal Production, Institute of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos I. Marcondes
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Heuvelink AE, Gonggrijp MA, Buter RGJ, Ter Bogt-Kappert CC, van Schaik G, Velthuis AGJ, Lam TJGM. Prevalence of extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Dutch dairy herds. Vet Microbiol 2019; 232:58-64. [PMID: 31030845 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess: (1) a change in between-herd prevalence of extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL/AmpC-EC) between 2011 and 2013, the period during which the antimicrobial policy in animal husbandry in the Netherlands changed significantly, and (2) the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-EC in individual calves, young stock, and dairy cows in the Netherlands. In 196 randomly selected conventional dairy herds, faecal samples were collected from calves (maximum n = 15), and randomly selected young stock (n = 5) and dairy cows (n = 15). Additionally, fresh faecal samples were collected from five different places on the floors where the dairy cows were housed. Samples were screened for E. coli with non-wild type susceptibility for cefotaxime and isolates were phenotypically confirmed as ESBL/AmpC-producing by disc diffusion, using cefotaxime and ceftazidime with and without clavulanic acid, and cefoxitin. Samples containing ESBL/AmpC-EC were examined semi-quantitatively. In 59.6% of the dairy herds one or more samples tested positive for ESBL/AmpC-EC. The between-herd prevalence based on floor samples in 2013 (18.0%) was significantly lower than the prevalence in 2011 based on comparable samples (32.7%). The individual animal prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-EC, with a minimum shedding level of 103 cfu/g of faeces, was 19.3% in calves, 0.9% in young stock, and 0.8% in dairy cows. Although ESBL/AmpC-EC was found in the majority of dairy herds, the herd prevalence declined significantly between 2011 and 2013. Calves were found to have both, a much higher individual animal prevalence and a higher level of shedding than young stock and cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annet E Heuvelink
- GD Animal Health, Arnsbergstraat 7, 7418 EZ, Deventer, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Rianne G J Buter
- GD Animal Health, Arnsbergstraat 7, 7418 EZ, Deventer, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gerdien van Schaik
- GD Animal Health, Arnsbergstraat 7, 7418 EZ, Deventer, the Netherlands; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80151, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Theo J G M Lam
- GD Animal Health, Arnsbergstraat 7, 7418 EZ, Deventer, the Netherlands; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80151, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Cao H, Pradhan AK, Karns JS, Hovingh E, Wolfgang DR, Vinyard BT, Kim SW, Salaheen S, Haley BJ, Van Kessel JAS. Age-Associated Distribution of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli Isolated from Dairy Herds in Pennsylvania, 2013–2015. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:60-67. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Abani K. Pradhan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Center of Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey S. Karns
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Ernest Hovingh
- Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
| | - David R. Wolfgang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Bryan T. Vinyard
- Statistic Group, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Seon Woo Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Serajus Salaheen
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Bradd J. Haley
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Jo Ann S. Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
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Salaheen S, Kim SW, Cao H, Wolfgang DR, Hovingh E, Karns JS, Haley BJ, Van Kessel JAS. Antimicrobial Resistance Among Escherichia coli Isolated from Veal Calf Operations in Pennsylvania. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:74-80. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Serajus Salaheen
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Seon Woo Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Huilin Cao
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - David R. Wolfgang
- Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Ernest Hovingh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey S. Karns
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Bradd J. Haley
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Jo Ann S. Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
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45
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Assessing Transmission of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli in Wild Giraffe Contact Networks. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 85:AEM.02136-18. [PMID: 30413480 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02136-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that anthropogenic sources of antibiotics and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria can spill over into natural ecosystems, raising questions about the role wild animals play in the emergence, maintenance, and dispersal of antibiotic resistance genes. In particular, we lack an understanding of how resistance genes circulate within wild animal populations, including whether specific host characteristics, such as social associations, promote interhost transmission of these genes. In this study, we used social network analysis to explore the forces shaping population-level patterns of resistant Escherichia coli in wild giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) and assess the relative importance of social contact for the dissemination of resistant E. coli between giraffe. Of 195 giraffe sampled, only 5.1% harbored E. coli isolates resistant to one or more tested antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing on a subset of resistant isolates revealed a number of acquired resistance genes with linkages to mobile genetic elements. However, we found no evidence that the spread of resistance genes among giraffe was facilitated by interhost associations. Giraffe with lower social degree were more likely to harbor resistant E. coli, but this relationship was likely driven by a correlation between an individual's social connectedness and age. Indeed, resistant E. coli was most frequently detected in socially isolated neonates, indicating that resistant E. coli may have a selective advantage in the gastrointestinal tracts of neonates compared to other age classes. Taken together, these results suggest that the maintenance of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in wild populations may, in part, be determined by host traits and microbial competition dynamics within the host.IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance represents a significant threat to human health, food security, and the global economy. To fully understand the evolution and dissemination of resistance genes, a complete picture of antimicrobial resistance in all biological compartments, including natural ecosystems, is required. The environment and wild animals may act as reservoirs for anthropogenically derived resistance genes that could be transferrable to clinically relevant bacteria of humans and domestic animals. Our study investigated the possible transmission mechanisms for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria within a wild animal population and, more broadly, contributes to our understanding of how resistance genes are spread and maintained in natural ecosystems.
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Springer HR, Denagamage TN, Fenton GD, Haley BJ, Van Kessel JAS, Hovingh EP. Antimicrobial Resistance in Fecal Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica from Dairy Calves: A Systematic Review. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 16:23-34. [PMID: 30481058 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics brought with it many advances in the health and well-being of humans and animals; however, in recent years development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has increasingly become a concern. Much of the antibiotic use on dairy farms is for disease management in mature cattle, and AMR in fecal organisms is relatively rare in this group. However, young dairy calves often carry high levels of AMR in their fecal Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica, which could provide a potential reservoir of AMR genes on dairy farms. To develop practical and effective antibiotic stewardship policies for dairy calf rearing, it is vital to have a solid understanding of the current state of knowledge regarding AMR in these animals. A systematic review process was used to summarize the current scientific literature regarding AMR in fecal S. enterica and E. coli and associations between management practices and AMR prevalence in dairy calves in the United States and Canada. Seven online databases were searched for literature published from 1997 to 2018. Multiple studies indicated an association between preweaned calves and increased risk of fecal shedding of resistant bacteria, compared to other animal groups on dairy farms. There also was evidence, although less consistent, of an impact of antibiotic treatment, antibiotic-containing milk replacer feeding, and feeding nonsalable or waste milk (WM) on the presence of AMR bacteria. Overall, the research summarized in this systematic review highlights the need for continued research on the impact of management practices, including antibiotic use, WM feeding, and disease prevention practices in reducing AMR in E. coli and S. enterica in dairy calves. In addition, few data were available on physiological and microbiological factors that may contribute to the high relative populations of resistant bacteria in young calves, suggesting another valuable area of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley R Springer
- 1 Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas N Denagamage
- 1 Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Ginger D Fenton
- 2 Penn State Extension, The Pennsylvania State University, Mercer, Pennsylvania
| | - Bradd J Haley
- 3 Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Jo Ann S Van Kessel
- 3 Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Ernest P Hovingh
- 1 Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Awosile B, McClure J, Sanchez J, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Keefe G, Heider LC. Salmonella enterica and extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli recovered from Holstein dairy calves from 8 farms in New Brunswick, Canada. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:3271-3284. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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The effect of Enterococcus faecium M74 feed additive on the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases/AmpC-positive Escherichia coli faecal counts in pre-weaned dairy calves. ACTA VET BRNO 2018. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201786040333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and/or AmpC-positive Escherichia coli among different species of food producing animals poses a threat to public health. The animal gut plays a key role in the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria, allowing the selection, multiplication and subsequent contamination of the farm environment. However, applicable procedures for reducing such bacteria on farms are currently unavailable. The present study was aimed to determine whether a probiotic administration to new-born dairy calves would reduce faecal shedding of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and/or AmpC-positive Escherichia coli during the pre-weaning period. Ten randomly assigned new-born Holstein calves on a dairy farm with recent evidence of high occurrence of AmpC-positive Escherichia coli among calves were treated by a probiotic mix within 12 h after birth. Nine control calves were not treated. Faecal samples were collected from each calf daily on days 2 through 5, and then on days 7, 10, and 14. The faecal samples were cultured, and the mean numbers of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli and confirmed enteroaggregative Escherichia coli were compared between the two groups. Results suggested that the Enterococcus faecium probiotic treatment (Enterococcus faecium M74, NCIMB 11181) of new-born calves did not reduce the enteroaggregative Escherichia coli counts in their faeces. There was no significant difference in the shedding of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli between the probiotic-treated and control calves throughout the two-week study period.
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Hutchinson H, Finney S, Muñoz-Vargas L, Feicht S, Masterson M, Habing G. Prevalence and Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistance in a Vertically Integrated Veal Calf Production System. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:711-718. [PMID: 28915068 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from animal production systems to humans through the food supply is a public health concern. Currently, little is known about the prevalence of AMR among veal calves in the United States. Therefore, the objective of this prospective cohort study was to estimate the prevalence of AMR and multidrug resistance (MDR) among Escherichia coli within a vertically integrated production system. In addition, this study aimed to identify genes associated with phenotypic resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins (3GC and 4GC). Calves from four veal cohorts were randomly sampled resulting in a total of 166 farm fecal samples, 159 harvest fecal swabs, 164 preevisceration swabs, and 122 final carcass swabs. The prevalence of MDR among random-pick E. coli isolates recovered from the respective samples was 97% (161/166), 35% (55/159), 61% (51/84), and 24% (5/21). A selective isolation protocol found cefotaxime (a 3GC)-resistant isolates in 91% (127/140) of farm fecal samples, 34% (55/164) of preevisceration swabs, and 19% (23/122) of final carcass swabs tested. Isolates resistant to cefepime, a 4GC, were found among 24% (33/140), 6.7% (11/164), and 0.8% (1/122) of the same, respective samples. Isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, were recovered from 75% (73/98) of farm fecal samples, 23% (38/164) of preevisceration swabs, and 6.6% (8/122) of final carcass swabs. The blaCMY-2 and blaCTX-M resistance genes were found in 89% (93/105) and 100% (42/42) of tested subsets of 3GC- and 4GC-resistant isolates, respectively. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis conducted on 3GC- and fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates showed three indistinguishable PFGE patterns from cefotaxime-resistant isolates recovered at farm and from two preevisceration carcass swabs. Although the prevalence of resistance declined between initial farm fecal samples and final carcass swabs, resistant bacteria recovered from carcasses illustrate the potential transmission of AMR to the human food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holden Hutchinson
- 1 Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sarah Finney
- 2 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lohendy Muñoz-Vargas
- 2 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sydnee Feicht
- 2 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Margaret Masterson
- 2 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gregory Habing
- 2 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
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50
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Chirila F, Tabaran A, Fit N, Nadas G, Mihaiu M, Tabaran F, Cătoi C, Reget OL, Dan SD. Concerning Increase in Antimicrobial Resistance in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Young Animals during 1980-2016. Microbes Environ 2017; 32:252-259. [PMID: 28904263 PMCID: PMC5606695 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me17023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to assess the antimicrobial resistance patterns of E. coli isolated from young animals affected between 1980 and 2016. The selected isolates for this study (n=175) carried stx1/stx2 genes and the most prevalent type of pathogenic E. coli found belonged to serogroup O101, antigen (K99)–F41 positive. All STEC-positive isolates were tested for susceptibility to 11 antimicrobials. Multidrug resistance (MDR) increased from 11% during the 1980s to 40% between 2000 and 2016. Resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin was the most frequent co-resistance phenotype (37%). Co-resistance to tetracycline and sulfonamide was found in 21% of E. coli isolates, while the MDR pattern to tetracycline, sulfonamide, and streptomycin was observed in 12% of the strains tested. Only 8% of isolates were co-resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin, streptomycin, and sulfonamide. The most common resistance genes found were those encoding for tetracycline, sulphonamides, and streptomycin, with 54% (n=95) of the tested isolates containing at least one of the genes encoding tetracycline resistance. A total of 87% of E. coli that tested positive for tetracycline (tetA, tetB, and tetC) and sulphonamide (sul1) resistance genes were isolated between 2000 and 2016. A large number of isolates (n=21) carried int1 and a nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that all class 1 integron gene cassettes carried sul1, tet, and dfrA1 resistance genes. An increase was observed in the level of resistance to antimicrobials in Romania, highlighting the urgent need for a surveillance and prevention system for antimicrobial resistance in livestock in Eastern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Chirila
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Alexandra Tabaran
- Animal Breeding and Food Safety Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Nicodim Fit
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
| | - George Nadas
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Marian Mihaiu
- Animal Breeding and Food Safety Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Flaviu Tabaran
- Pathologic Anatomy Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Cornel Cătoi
- Pathologic Anatomy Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Oana Lucia Reget
- Animal Breeding and Food Safety Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Sorin Daniel Dan
- Animal Breeding and Food Safety Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
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