1
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Alkashef NM, Seleem MN. Novel combinatorial approach: Harnessing HIV protease inhibitors to enhance amphotericin B's antifungal efficacy in cryptococcosis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308216. [PMID: 39088434 PMCID: PMC11293717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection that is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, particularly among individuals with compromised immune systems, such as HIV patients. Amphotericin B (AmB) is the first-line treatment mainly combined with flucytosine. The scarcity and the prohibitive cost of this regimen urge the use of fluconazole as an alternative, leading to increased rates of treatment failure and relapses. Therefore, there is a critical need for efficient and cost-effective therapy to enhance the efficacy of AmB. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) to synergize the activity of AmB in the treatment of cryptococcosis. Five PIs (ritonavir, atazanavir, saquinavir, lopinavir, and nelfinavir) were found to synergistically potentiate the killing activity of AmB against Cryptococcus strains with ƩFICI ranging between 0.09 and 0.5 against 20 clinical isolates. This synergistic activity was further confirmed in a time-kill assay, where different AmB/PIs combinations exhibited fungicidal activity within 24 hrs. Additionally, PIs in combination with AmB exhibited an extended post-antifungal effect on treated cryptococcal cells for approximately 10 hrs compared to 4 hours with AmB alone. This promising activity against cryptococcal cells did not exhibit increased cytotoxicity towards treated kidney cells, ruling out the risk of drug combination-induced nephrotoxicity. Finally, we evaluated the efficacy of AmB/PIs combinations in the Caenorhabditis elegans model of cryptococcosis, where these combinations significantly reduced the fungal burden of the treated nematodes by approximately 2.44 Log10 CFU (92.4%) compared to the untreated worms and 1.40 Log10 ((39.4%) compared to AmB alone. The cost-effectiveness and accessibility of PIs in resource-limited geographical areas compared to other antifungal agents, such as flucytosine, make them an appealing choice for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour M. Alkashef
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Alsharkia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed N. Seleem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
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2
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Gonçalves G, da Silva MS, dos Santos LA, Guimarães TZ, Taveira GB, Almeida FA, Ferreira SR, Amancio Oliveira AE, Nagano CS, Chaves RP, Silveira V, de Oliveira Carvalho A, Rodrigues R, Gomes VM. Structural and Functional Characterization of New Lipid Transfer Proteins with Chitin-Binding Properties: Insights from Protein Structure Prediction, Molecular Docking, and Antifungal Activity. Biochemistry 2024; 63:1824-1836. [PMID: 38968244 PMCID: PMC11256766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Faced with the emergence of multiresistant microorganisms that affect human health, microbial agents have become a serious global threat, affecting human health and plant crops. Antimicrobial peptides have attracted significant attention in research for the development of new microbial control agents. This work's goal was the structural characterization and analysis of antifungal activity of chitin-binding peptides from Capsicum baccatum and Capsicum frutescens seeds on the growth of Candida and Fusarium species. Proteins were initially submitted to extraction in phosphate buffer pH 5.4 and subjected to chitin column chromatography. Posteriorly, two fractions were obtained for each species, Cb-F1 and Cf-F1 and Cb-F2 and Cf-F2, respectively. The Cb-F1 (C. baccatum) and Cf-F1 (C. frutescens) fractions did not bind to the chitin column. The electrophoresis results obtained after chromatography showed two major protein bands between 3.4 and 14.2 kDa for Cb-F2. For Cf-F2, three major bands were identified between 6.5 and 14.2 kDa. One band from each species was subjected to mass spectrometry, and both bands showed similarity to nonspecific lipid transfer protein. Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis had their growth inhibited by Cb-F2. Cf-F2 inhibited the development of C. albicans but did not inhibit the growth of C. tropicalis. Both fractions were unable to inhibit the growth of Fusarium species. The toxicity of the fractions was tested in vivo on Galleria mellonella larvae, and both showed a low toxicity rate at high concentrations. As a result, the fractions have enormous promise for the creation of novel antifungal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella
Rodrigues Gonçalves
- Laboratório
de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências
e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do
Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marciele Souza da Silva
- Laboratório
de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências
e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do
Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Layrana Azevedo dos Santos
- Laboratório
de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências
e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do
Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thomas Zacarone
Afonso Guimarães
- Laboratório
de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências
e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do
Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Bonan Taveira
- Laboratório
de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências
e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do
Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe Astolpho Almeida
- Laboratório
de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos,
Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602 Campos
dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sarah Rodrigues Ferreira
- Laboratório
de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos,
Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602 Campos
dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonia Elenir Amancio Oliveira
- Laboratório
de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos,
Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602 Campos
dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Celso Shiniti Nagano
- Laboratório
de Bioquímica Marinha (BioMar-Lab), Departamento de Engenharia
de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará
(UFC), 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Renata Pinheiro Chaves
- Laboratório
de Bioquímica Marinha (BioMar-Lab), Departamento de Engenharia
de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará
(UFC), 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vanildo Silveira
- Laboratório
de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602 RJ, Brazil
| | - André de Oliveira Carvalho
- Laboratório
de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências
e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do
Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosana Rodrigues
- Laboratório
de Melhoramento e Genética Vegetal, Centro de Ciências
e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade
Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Valdirene Moreira Gomes
- Laboratório
de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências
e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do
Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
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3
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Zhen C, Wang L, Feng Y, Whiteway M, Hang S, Yu J, Lu H, Jiang Y. Otilonium Bromide Exhibits Potent Antifungal Effects by Blocking Ergosterol Plasma Membrane Localization and Triggering Cytotoxic Autophagy in Candida Albicans. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2406473. [PMID: 38995235 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202406473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Candidiasis, which presents a substantial risk to human well-being, is frequently treated with azoles. However, drug-drug interactions caused by azoles inhibiting the human CYP3A4 enzyme, together with increasing resistance of Candida species to azoles, represent serious issues with this class of drug, making it imperative to develop innovative antifungal drugs to tackle this growing clinical challenge. A drug repurposing approach is used to examine a library of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs, ultimately identifying otilonium bromide (OTB) as an exceptionally encouraging antifungal agent. Mechanistically, OTB impairs vesicle-mediated trafficking by targeting Sec31, thereby impeding the plasma membrane (PM) localization of the ergosterol transporters, such as Sip3. Consequently, OTB obstructs the movement of ergosterol across membranes and triggers cytotoxic autophagy. It is noteworthy that C. albicans encounters challenges in developing resistance to OTB because it is not a substrate for drug transporters. This study opens a new door for antifungal therapy, wherein OTB disrupts ergosterol subcellular distribution and induces cytotoxic autophagy. Additionally, it circumvents the hepatotoxicity associated with azole-mediated liver enzyme inhibition and avoids export-mediated drug resistance in C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanru Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Malcolm Whiteway
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sijin Hang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuanying Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
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4
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Esfahani MB, Khodavandi A, Alizadeh F, Bahador N. Possible Molecular Targeting of Biofilm-Associated Genes by Nano-Ag in Candida albicans. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:4205-4233. [PMID: 37922031 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of candidiasis infections is hindered by the presence of biofilms. Here, we report the biofilm-associated genes as potential molecular targets by silver nanoparticles (nano-Ag) in Candida albicans. Nano-Ag was biosynthesized using Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, and Fusarium oxysporum. The physicochemical properties of the microbial-synthesized of nano-Ag are widely characterized by visual observation, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Characterization results revealed the formation of nano-Ag. Antiplanktonic cells and antibiofilm activities of nano-Ag were also demonstrated by minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), MFC/MIC ratio, crystal violet staining, 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5 sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT), and microscopic image analysis. We have analyzed the expressions of biofilm-associated genes in C. albicans treated with different concentrations of nano-Ag based on MIC. The expression profile of BCR1, ALS1, ALS3, HWP1, and ECE1 showed downregulated genes involved in these pathways by the treatment with nanoparticles. Negative regulators, TUP1, NRG1, and TOR1, were upregulated by the treatment of nano-Ag. Our study suggests that nano-Ag affects gene expression and may subsequently decrease the pathogenesis of C. albicans by inhibiting biofilm formation. Molecular targeting of biofilm-associated genes involved in biofilm formation by nano-Ag may be an effective treatment strategy for candidiasis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Khodavandi
- Department of Biology, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran.
| | - Fahimeh Alizadeh
- Department of Biology, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran
| | - Nima Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
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5
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Wang X, Zhou WT, Dong HH, Li CY, Jiang YY, Xie P, Xu ZY, Xie SH, Yang SX, Huang L, Chen H, Wang LY, Wei X, Huang YQ. Isobavachalcone: A redox antifungal agent impairs the mitochondria protein of Cryptococcus neoformans. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 64:107253. [PMID: 38925229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Isobavachalcone (IBC) is a natural small molecule with various biological activities; however, its inhibitory effects on Cryptococcus neoformans remain unclear. In our study, IBC showed a good antifungal effect. Through in vitro experiments, its minimum inhibitory concentration was 0.5-1 µg/mL. It exhibited the same antifungal effect as Amphotericin B in brain and lung infections in in vivo experiments. IBC also showed a synergistic antifungal effect with emodin with lower toxicity, and C. neoformans did not develop drug resistance to IBC. In the mechanistic study, significantly damaged mitochondria of C. neoformans, a significant reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate production, and an increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) caused by IBC were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Through drug affinity-responsive target stability combined with phenotype detection, riboflavin synthases of aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase were screened. Molecular docking, quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments, target inhibitor and agonist intervention, molecular interaction measurements, and minimum inhibitory concentration detection of the constructed expression strains revealed that IBC targeted the activity of these two enzymes, interfered by the tricarboxylic acid cycle, inhibited the production of adenosine triphosphate, blocked electron transport, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced antioxidation imbalance and reactive oxygen species accumulation, thus producing an antifungal effect. Therefore, IBC is a promising lead drug and redox antifungal agent for C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Wen-Ting Zhou
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Hui-Hua Dong
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Chen-Yan Li
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yu-Ying Jiang
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zhen-Yi Xu
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Shuo-Hua Xie
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Shi-Xian Yang
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Lu-Yao Wang
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
| | - Xian Wei
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
| | - Yan-Qiang Huang
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
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6
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Nosheen S, Mukhtar H, Haider S, Khan R, Sharif F. Tissue engineered multifunctional chitosan-modified polypropylene hernia mesh loaded with bioactive phyto-extracts. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132282. [PMID: 38750855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Surface modified tissue engineered polypropylene / PP hernia meshes were fabricated by incorporating Bacterial cellulose / BC and chitosan / CS and phytochemical extracts. Under current practice, hernia and other traumatic injuries to the abdominal organs are clinically treated with surgical meshes. Often the foreign body reaction and infections result in relapse in patients which dictates additional reparative surgical procedures and pain. To improve the outcome of clinical restorative procedures new biomaterials with improved characteristics are required. The functionalized meshes were physically and chemically characterized using SEM, mechanical testing, FTIR and XRD. The antimicrobial activity was qualitatively and quantitatively tested using E. coli and S. aureus strains of bacteria. In vitro biocompatibility and wound healing effect of the modified meshes were performed using NIH3T3 fibroblast cell lines. Furthermore, tissue engineering potential of the meshes was evaluated using confocal fluorescent microscopy. In vivo implantation of the meshes was performed in male wistar rats for 21 days. Therefore, PP meshes with sustained drug delivery system augmented with anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial characteristics were developed. The coatings hereby not only increased the tensile strength of meshes but also prevented the modified meshes from causing infection. Current study resulted in CS-BC bioactive PP meshes loaded with phytochemicals which showed anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and wound healing potential. These meshes can be valuable to lessen the post-surgical complications of implanted PP mesh and thus reduce rejection and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Nosheen
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan, 54000; Dr. Ikram-Ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology (IIB), GC University, Katchery Road, Lahore, Pakistan, 54000
| | - Hamid Mukhtar
- Dr. Ikram-Ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology (IIB), GC University, Katchery Road, Lahore, Pakistan, 54000
| | - Sajjad Haider
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O.Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawaiz Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiza Sharif
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan, 54000; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield, UK.
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7
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Ramos MLM, Almeida-Silva F, de Souza Rabello VB, Nahal J, Figueiredo-Carvalho MHG, Bernardes-Engemann AR, Poester VR, Xavier MO, Meyer W, Zancopé-Oliveira RM, Frases S, Almeida-Paes R. In vitro activity of the anthelmintic drug niclosamide against Sporothrix spp. strains with distinct genetic and antifungal susceptibility backgrounds. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1359-1368. [PMID: 38466550 PMCID: PMC11153390 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The drugs available to treat sporotrichosis, an important yet neglected fungal infection, are limited. Some Sporothrix spp. strains present reduced susceptibility to these antifungals. Furthermore, some patients may not be indicated to use these drugs, while others may not respond to the therapy. The anthelmintic drug niclosamide is fungicidal against the Sporothrix brasiliensis type strain. This study aimed to evaluate whether niclosamide also has antifungal activity against Sporothrix globosa, Sporothrix schenckii and other S. brasiliensis strains with distinct genotypes and antifungal susceptibility status. Minimal inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations (MIC and MFC, respectively) were determined using the microdilution method according to the CLSI protocol. The checkerboard method was employed to evaluate niclosamide synergism with drugs used in sporotrichosis treatment. Metabolic activity of the strains under niclosamide treatment was evaluated using the resazurin dye. Niclosamide was active against all S. brasiliensis strains (n = 17), but it was ineffective (MIC > 20 µM) for some strains (n = 4) of other pathogenic Sporothrix species. Niclosamide MIC values for Sporothrix spp. were similar for mycelial and yeast-like forms of the strains (P = 0.6604). Niclosamide was fungicidal (MFC/MIC ratio ≤ 2) for most strains studied (89%). Niclosamide activity against S. brasiliensis is independent of the fungal genotype or non-wild-type phenotypes for amphotericin B, itraconazole, or terbinafine. These antifungal drugs presented indifferent interactions with niclosamide. Niclosamide has demonstrated potential for repurposing as a treatment for sporotrichosis, particularly in S. brasiliensis cases, instigating in vivo studies to validate the in vitro findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lucy Mesquita Ramos
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando Almeida-Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Brito de Souza Rabello
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Nahal
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Reis Bernardes-Engemann
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanice Rodrigues Poester
- Laboratório de Micologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Laboratório de Micologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute of the KNAW, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Susana Frases
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Rede Micologia - FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Rede Micologia - FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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8
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Li W, Feng Y, Feng Z, Wang L, Whiteway M, Lu H, Jiang Y. Pitavastatin Calcium Confers Fungicidal Properties to Fluconazole by Inhibiting Ubiquinone Biosynthesis and Generating Reactive Oxygen Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:667. [PMID: 38929106 PMCID: PMC11200976 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluconazole (FLC) is extensively employed for the prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infections (IFIs). However, the fungistatic nature of FLC renders pathogenic fungi capable of developing tolerance towards it. Consequently, converting FLC into a fungicidal agent using adjuvants assumes significance to circumvent FLC resistance and the perpetuation of fungal infections. This drug repurposing study has successfully identified pitavastatin calcium (PIT) as a promising adjuvant for enhancing the fungicidal activity of FLC from a comprehensive library of 2372 FDA-approved drugs. PIT could render FLC fungicidal even at concentrations as low as 1 μM. The median lethal dose (LD50) of PIT was determined to be 103.6 mg/kg. We have discovered that PIT achieves its synergistic effect by inhibiting the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, thereby impeding ubiquinone biosynthesis, inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, triggering apoptosis, and disrupting Golgi function. We employed a Candida albicans strain that demonstrated a notable tolerance to FLC to infect mice and found that PIT effectively augmented the antifungal efficacy of FLC against IFIs. This study is an illustrative example of how FDA-approved drugs can effectively eliminate fungal tolerance to FLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yanru Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhe Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Malcolm Whiteway
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yuanying Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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9
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Thakkar N, Gajera G, Mehta D, Kothari V. Silversol ® (a Colloidal Nanosilver Formulation) Inhibits Growth of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Disrupting Its Physiology in Multiple Ways. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:726. [PMID: 38931848 PMCID: PMC11206351 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus are being viewed as a serious threat by various public health agencies. Identifying novel targets in this important pathogen is crucial to the development of new effective antibacterial formulations. We investigated the antibacterial effect of a colloidal nanosilver formulation, Silversol®, against an antibiotic-resistant strain of S. aureus using appropriate in vitro assays. Moreover, we deciphered the molecular mechanisms underlying this formulation's anti-S. aureus activity using whole transcriptome analysis. Lower concentrations of the test formulation exerted a bacteriostatic effect against this pathogen, and higher concentrations exerted a bactericidal effect. Silversol® at sub-lethal concentration was found to disturb multiple physiological traits of S. aureus such as growth, antibiotic susceptibility, membrane permeability, efflux, protein synthesis and export, biofilm and exopolysaccharide production, etc. Transcriptome data revealed that the genes coding for transcriptional regulators, efflux machinery, transferases, β-lactam resistance, oxidoreductases, metal homeostasis, virulence factors, and arginine biosynthesis are expressed differently under the influence of the test formulation. Genes (argG and argH) involved in arginine biosynthesis emerged among the major targets of Silversol®'s antibacterial activity against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Thakkar
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India; (N.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Gemini Gajera
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India; (N.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Dilip Mehta
- Viridis BioPharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India;
| | - Vijay Kothari
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India; (N.T.); (G.G.)
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10
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Silva MSD, Taveira GB, Silva Gebara RD, Azevedo Dos Santos LD, Cherene MB, Souza TAM, Moreira FF, Rodrigues PS, Motta OV, Seabra SH, Oliveira Carvalho AD, Rodrigues R, Gomes VM. Understanding the mechanism of action of protease inhibitors in controlling the growth of the Candida Genus: potential candidates for development of new antifungal molecules. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:257. [PMID: 38734773 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03993-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing imperative for research into alternative compounds for the treatment of the fungal infections. Thus, many studies have focused on the analysis of antifungal proteins and peptides from different plant sources. Among these molecules are protease inhibitors (PIs). Previously, PIs present in the peptide-rich fractions called PEF1, PEF2 and PEF3 were identified from Capsicum chinense seeds, which have strong activity against phytopathogenic fungi. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of action and antimicrobial activity of PIs from PEF2 and PEF3 on the growth of yeasts of the genus Candida. In this work, analyses of their antimicrobial activity and cell viability were carried out. Subsequently, the mechanism of action by which the PIs cause the death of the yeasts was evaluated. Cytotoxicity was assessed in vitro by erythrocytes lysis and in vivo in Galleria mellonella larvae. PEF2 and PEF3 caused 100% of the growth inhibition of C. tropicalis and C. buinensis. For C. albicans inhibition was approximately 60% for both fractions. The PEF2 and PEF3 caused a reduction in mitochondrial functionality of 54% and 46% for C. albicans, 26% and 30% for C. tropicalis, and 71% and 68% for C. buinensis, respectively. These fractions induced morphological alterations, led to membrane permeabilization, elevated ROS levels, and resulted in necrotic cell death in C. tropicalis, whilst demonstrating low toxicity toward host cells. From the results obtained here, we intend to contribute to the understanding of the action of PIs in the control of fungal diseases of medical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marciele Souza da Silva
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Bonan Taveira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo da Silva Gebara
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Layrana de Azevedo Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Milena Bellei Cherene
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thaynã Amanda Melo Souza
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe Figueirôa Moreira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro Souto Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Olney Vieira Motta
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sergio Henrique Seabra
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - André de Oliveira Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosana Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Melhoramento e Genética Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Valdirene Moreira Gomes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
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11
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Czarnowski M, Słowińska M, Sawieljew M, Wnorowska U, Daniluk T, Król G, Karasiński M, Okła S, Savage PB, Piktel E, Bucki R. Efficacy of Ceragenins in Controlling the Growth of Oral Microorganisms: Implications for Oral Hygiene Management. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:204. [PMID: 38399419 PMCID: PMC10893225 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ensuring proper dental hygiene is of paramount importance for individuals' general well-being, particularly for patients receiving medical care. There is a prevailing utilization of conventional oral hygiene items, including toothbrushes and mouthwashes, which have gained widespread acceptance; nevertheless, their limitations encourage investigating novel options in this domain. Our study indicates that ceragenins (CSAs) being lipid analogs of host defense peptides, well-recognized for their wide-ranging antimicrobial properties, may be a potentially efficacious means to augment oral hygiene in hospitalized individuals. We demonstrate that ceragenins CSA-13, CSA-44, and CSA-131 as well as undescribed to date CSA-255 display potent antimicrobial activities against isolates of fungi, aerobic, and anaerobic bacteria from Candida, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides species, which are well-recognized representatives of microbes found in the oral cavity. These effects were further confirmed against mono- and dual-species fungal and bacterial biofilms. While the ceragenins showed similar or slightly diminished efficacy compared to commercially available mouthwashes, they demonstrated a highly favorable toxicity profile toward host cells, that may translate into better maintenance of host mucosal membrane stability. This suggests that incorporating ceragenins into oral hygiene products could be a valuable strategy for reducing the risk of both oral cavity-localized and secondary systemic infections and for improving the overall health outcomes of individuals receiving medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Czarnowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (M.C.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (U.W.); (T.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Monika Słowińska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (M.C.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (U.W.); (T.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Mariusz Sawieljew
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (M.C.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (U.W.); (T.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Urszula Wnorowska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (M.C.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (U.W.); (T.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Tamara Daniluk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (M.C.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (U.W.); (T.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Grzegorz Król
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (G.K.); (S.O.)
| | - Maciej Karasiński
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (M.C.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (U.W.); (T.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Sławomir Okła
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (G.K.); (S.O.)
- Holy Cross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Paul B. Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Ewelina Piktel
- Independent Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (M.C.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (U.W.); (T.D.); (M.K.)
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12
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Lima LFG, de Paula Castro V, Álvarez CMO, Ambrósio SR, Rodrigues MA, Pires RH. Assessing the efficacy of gutiferone E in photodynamic therapy for oral candidiasis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 250:112834. [PMID: 38157703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The rise in antifungal resistance and side effects of conventional treatments drive the search for innovative therapies like Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). This study explored the efficacy of PDT mediated by gutiferone, an isolated compound from red propolis, for candidiasis treatment. Multiple evaluation methods were employed, including determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) via broth microdilution, quantifying biomass using crystal violet detachment, and cell counting through total plate count. PDT mediated by gutiferone was also assessed in five groups of mice, followed by histopathological examination and agar plating of lingual tissue samples. Among the seven Candida species tested, gutiferone displayed efficacy against C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis, with MIC values of 1000 μg/mL. In C. tropicalis biofilms, exposure to gutiferone led to a reduction of 1.61 Log10 CFU/mL. PDT mediated by gutiferone achieved an average reduction of 3.68 Log10 CFU/mL in C. tropicalis biofilm cells, underscoring its potent fungicidal activity. Histopathological analysis revealed fungal structures, such as pseudohyphae and hyphae, in infected groups (G2) and irradiated mice. In contrast, groups treated with gutiferone or subjected to gutiferone-assisted PDT (G5) exhibited only few blastoconidia. Furthermore, CFU/mL assessments in lingual tissue post-treatment demonstrated a significantly lower count (0.30 Log10 CFU/mL) in the G5 group compared to G2 (2.43 Log10 CFU/mL). These findings highlight the potential of PDT mediated by gutiferone as a promising alternative for managing denture stomatitis. Future research and clinical investigations offer the promise of validating its clinical applicability and improving outcomes in the treatment of oral candidiasis.
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13
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Franconi I, Lupetti A. In Vitro Susceptibility Tests in the Context of Antifungal Resistance: Beyond Minimum Inhibitory Concentration in Candida spp. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1188. [PMID: 38132789 PMCID: PMC10744879 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a matter of rising concern, especially in fungal diseases. Multiple reports all over the world are highlighting a worrisome increase in azole- and echinocandin-resistance among fungal pathogens, especially in Candida species, as reported in the recently published fungal pathogens priority list made by WHO. Despite continuous efforts and advances in infection control, development of new antifungal molecules, and research on molecular mechanisms of antifungal resistance made by the scientific community, trends in invasive fungal diseases and associated antifungal resistance are on the rise, hindering therapeutic options and clinical cures. In this context, in vitro susceptibility testing aimed at evaluating minimum inhibitory concentrations, is still a milestone in the management of fungal diseases. However, such testing is not the only type at a microbiologist's disposal. There are other adjunctive in vitro tests aimed at evaluating fungicidal activity of antifungal molecules and also exploring tolerance to antifungals. This plethora of in vitro tests are still left behind and performed only for research purposes, but their role in the context of invasive fungal diseases associated with antifungal resistance might add resourceful information to the clinical management of patients. The aim of this review was therefore to revise and explore all other in vitro tests that could be potentially implemented in current clinical practice in resistant and difficult-to-treat cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Franconi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Mycology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Lupetti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Mycology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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14
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Feng Y, Lu H, Whiteway M, Jiang Y. Understanding fluconazole tolerance in Candida albicans: implications for effective treatment of candidiasis and combating invasive fungal infections. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 35:314-321. [PMID: 37918789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fluconazole (FLC) tolerant phenotypes in Candida species contribute to persistent candidemia and the emergence of FLC resistance. Therefore, making FLC fungicidal and eliminating FLC tolerance are important for treating invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) caused by Candida species. However, the mechanisms of FLC tolerance in Candida species remain to be fully explored. METHODS This review discusses the high incidence of FLC tolerance in Candida species and the importance of successfully clearing FLC tolerance in treating candidiasis. We further define and characterize FLC tolerance in C. albicans. RESULTS This review identifies global factors affecting FLC tolerance and suggest that FLC tolerance is a strategy of C. albicans response to FLC damage whose mechanism differs from FLC resistance. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the significance of the cell membrane and cell wall integrity in FLC tolerance, guiding approaches to combat IFDs caused by Candida species..
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yuanying Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Bravo-Chaucanés CP, Chitiva LC, Vargas-Casanova Y, Diaz-Santoyo V, Hernández AX, Costa GM, Parra-Giraldo CM. Exploring the Potential Mechanism of Action of Piperine against Candida albicans and Targeting Its Virulence Factors. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1729. [PMID: 38136600 PMCID: PMC10742119 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived compounds have proven to be a source of inspiration for new drugs. In this study, piperine isolated from the fruits of Piper nigrum showed anti-Candida activity. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action of piperine and its impact on virulence factors in Candida albicans, which have not been comprehensively understood, were also assessed. Initially, piperine suppressed the hyphal transition in both liquid and solid media, hindered biofilm formation, and resulted in observable cell distortions in scanning electron microscope (SEM) samples, for both fluconazole-sensitive and fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains. Additionally, the morphogenetic switches triggered by piperine were found to rely on the activity of mutant C. albicans strains. Secondly, piperine treatment increased cell membrane permeability and disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential, as evidenced by propidium iodine and Rhodamine 123 staining, respectively. Moreover, it induced the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in C. albicans. Synergy was obtained between the piperine and the fluconazole against the fluconazole-sensitive strain. Interestingly, there were no hemolytic effects of piperine, and it resulted in reduced cytotoxicity on fibroblast cells at low concentrations. The results suggest that piperine could have a dual mode of action inhibiting virulence factors and modulating cellular processes, leading to cell death in C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Patricia Bravo-Chaucanés
- Unidad de Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, DC, Colombia; (C.P.B.-C.); (Y.V.-C.); (V.D.-S.)
| | - Luis Carlos Chitiva
- Grupo de Investigación Fitoquímica Universidad Javeriana (GIFUJ), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, DC, Colombia; (L.C.C.); (A.X.H.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Yerly Vargas-Casanova
- Unidad de Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, DC, Colombia; (C.P.B.-C.); (Y.V.-C.); (V.D.-S.)
| | - Valentina Diaz-Santoyo
- Unidad de Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, DC, Colombia; (C.P.B.-C.); (Y.V.-C.); (V.D.-S.)
| | - Andrea Ximena Hernández
- Grupo de Investigación Fitoquímica Universidad Javeriana (GIFUJ), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, DC, Colombia; (L.C.C.); (A.X.H.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Geison M. Costa
- Grupo de Investigación Fitoquímica Universidad Javeriana (GIFUJ), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, DC, Colombia; (L.C.C.); (A.X.H.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Claudia Marcela Parra-Giraldo
- Unidad de Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, DC, Colombia; (C.P.B.-C.); (Y.V.-C.); (V.D.-S.)
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Wee JL, Chan YS, Law MC. Dual Functions of a Hybrid Magnetic Magnesium Oxide Nanocomposite as a Fungicide and Plant Growth Promoter in Agriculture Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4972-4987. [PMID: 37910790 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanometal oxides in nanoagronomy has garnered considerable attention due to their excellent antifungal and plant growth promotion properties. Hybrid nanometal oxides, which combine the strengths of individual nanomaterials, have emerged as a promising class of materials. In this study, nanomagnesium oxide (n-MgO) and hybrid magnetic nanomagnesium oxide (m/n-MgO) were successfully synthesized via the ultrasound-mediated sol-gel method. Characterization results, including TGA, XRD, VSM, and FTIR, confirmed the successful synthesis of m/n-MgO. Both n-MgO and m/n-MgO underwent antifungal assays and plant growth promotion ability studies, benchmarked against the conventional fungicide-copper oxychloride. This study bridges a significant gap by simultaneously reporting the antifungal properties of both n-MgO and m/n-MgO and their impact on plant growth. The disc diffusion assay suggested that the antifungal activity of n-MgO and m/n-MgO against F. oxysporum was inversely related to the particle size. Notably, n-MgO exhibited superior antifungal performance (lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)) and sustained efficacy compared with m/n-MgO, owing to distinct antifungal mechanisms. Nanorod-shaped MgO, with a smaller size (8.24 ± 5.61 nm) and higher aspect ratio, allowed them to penetrate the fungal cell wall and cause intercellular damage. In contrast, cubical m/n-MgO, with a larger size (20.95 ± 9.99 nm) and lower aspect ratio, accumulate on the fungal cell wall surface, disrupting the wall integrity, albeit less effectively against F. oxysporum. Moreover, in plant growth promotion studies, m/n-MgO-treated samples exhibited a 15.7% stronger promotion effect compared to n-MgO at their respective MICs. In addition, both n-MgO and m/n-MgO outperformed copper oxychloride in terms of antifungal and plant growth promoting activities. Thus, m/n-MgO presents a promising alternative to conventional copper-based fungicides, offering dual functionality as a fungicide and plant growth promoter, while the study also delves into the antifungal mechanisms at the intracellular level, enhancing its novelty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Le Wee
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Yen San Chan
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Ming Chiat Law
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
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Gajera G, Thakkar N, Godse C, DeSouza A, Mehta D, Kothari V. Sub-lethal concentration of a colloidal nanosilver formulation (Silversol®) triggers dysregulation of iron homeostasis and nitrogen metabolism in multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:303. [PMID: 37872532 PMCID: PMC10591374 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a notorious pathogen. Its multidrug resistant strains are listed among priority pathogens against whom discovery of novel antibacterial agents and, elucidation of new anti-pathogenicity mechanisms are urgently warranted. This study describes multiple antibacterial effects of a colloidal nano-silver formulation- Silversol® against a multi-drug resistant strain of P. aeruginosa. RESULTS Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Silversol® against P. aeruginosa was found to be 1.5 ppm; and at sub-MIC of 1 ppm, it was able to alter quorum-sensing regulated pigmentation (pyocanin 82%↓; pyoverdine 48%↑), exopolysaccharide synthesis (76%↑) and biofilm formation, susceptibility to antibiotics (streptomycin and augmentin), protein synthesis and export (65%↑), nitrogen metabolism (37%↑ nitrite accumulation), and siderophore production in this pathogen. Network analysis of the differentially expressed genes in the transcriptome of the silversol-treated bacterium identified ten genes as the potential molecular targets: norB, norD, nirS, nirF, nirM, nirQ, nosZ, nosY, narK1, and norE (all associated with nitrogen metabolism or denitrification). Three of them (norB, narK1, and norE) were also validated through RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Generation of nitrosative stress and disturbance of iron homeostasis were found to be the major mechanisms associated with anti-Pseudomonas activity of Silversol®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemini Gajera
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, India
| | - Nidhi Thakkar
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, India
| | | | | | | | - Vijay Kothari
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, India.
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18
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Nakada N, Miyazaki T, Mizuta S, Hirayama T, Nakamichi S, Takeda K, Mukae H, Kohno S, Tanaka Y. Screening and Synthesis of Tetrazole Derivatives that Inhibit the Growth of Cryptococcus Species. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300157. [PMID: 37427766 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Cryptococcosis has become a major health problem worldwide and caused morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, especially those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Despite the global distribution of cryptococcosis, the number and types of the available antifungals are limited, and the treatment outcomes in HIV patients are generally poor. In this study, we screened a compound library and identified one tetrazole derivative as an efficient inhibitor of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. We further designed and synthesized a series of tetrazole derivatives and determined their structure-activity relationship, demonstrating that tetrazole backbone-containing compounds could be developed as novel antifungal drugs with distinct mechanisms against Cryptococcus spp. Our findings provide a starting point for novel target identification and structural optimization to develop a distinct class of therapeutics for patients with cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Nakada
- Health Center, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Taiga Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mizuta
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Hirayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Seiko Nakamichi
- Health Center, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Takeda
- Department of Cell Regulation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kohno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
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19
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Sasarom M, Wanachantararak P, Chaijareenont P, Okonogi S. Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Caesalpinia sappan extract: In vitro evaluation of antifungal and antibiofilm activities against Candida albicans. Drug Discov Ther 2023; 17:238-247. [PMID: 37612046 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2023.01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of nanoparticles using natural organic substances has attracted more attention due to avoiding inorganic toxicity. This work aimed to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using Caesalpinia sappan heartwood extract as a reducing agent. The effects of pH of synthesis reaction were investigated. The obtained CuONPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Their particle size, size distribution, and zeta potential were determined using photon correlation spectrophotometry. Candida albicans is a major cause of chronic fungal infections due to its biofilms leading to severe drug resistance problems. In this study, in vitro antifungal and antibiofilm activities as well as killing kinetics of the synthesized CuONPs against C. albicans were investigated. Additionally, fungal biofilm was observed by using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results showed that the pH of the synthesis reaction played an important role in the physicochemical properties and antifungal activities of the obtained CuONPs. CuONPs synthesized at pH 10 and 12 showed the relatively small and narrow size distribution with high negative zeta potential and time-dependent killing kinetics. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirms obvious fungal biofilm reduction and increased fungal cell death after exposure to CuONPs. These findings suggest the optimal pH of CuONPs synthesis using C. sappan extract as a reducing agent. The results on antifungal and antibiofilm activities indicate that the obtained CuONPs can be a promising agent for treating fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pisaisit Chaijareenont
- Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellent inPharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellent inPharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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20
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Vargas-Casanova Y, Bravo-Chaucanés CP, Martínez AXH, Costa GM, Contreras-Herrera JL, Medina RF, Rivera-Monroy ZJ, García-Castañeda JE, Parra-Giraldo CM. Combining the Peptide RWQWRWQWR and an Ethanolic Extract of Bidens pilosa Enhances the Activity against Sensitive and Resistant Candida albicans and C. auris Strains. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:817. [PMID: 37623588 PMCID: PMC10455339 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The antifungal activity of palindromic peptide RWQWRWQWR and its derivatives was evaluated against clinical isolates of Candida albicans and C. auris. Also, Bidens pilosa ethanolic extracts of leaves and stem were evaluated. Furthermore, combinations of peptide, extract, and/or fluconazole (FLC) were evaluated. The cytotoxicity of peptides and extracts in erythrocytes and fibroblasts was determined. The original palindromic peptide, some derivative peptides, and the ethanolic extract of leaves of B. pilosa exhibited the highest activity in some of the strains evaluated. Synergy was obtained between the peptide and the FLC against C. auris 435. The combination of the extract and the original palindromic peptide against C. albicans SC5314, C. auris 435, and C. auris 537 decreased the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) by a factor of between 4 and 16. These mixtures induced changes in cell morphology, such as deformations on the cell surface. The results suggest that the combination of RWQWRWQWR and B. pilosa extract is an alternative for enhancing antifungal activity and decreasing cytotoxicity and costs and should be considered to be a promising strategy for treating diseases caused by Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerly Vargas-Casanova
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (Y.V.-C.); (C.P.B.-C.)
| | | | | | - Geison Modesti Costa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.X.H.M.); (G.M.C.)
| | | | - Ricardo Fierro Medina
- Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional of Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (R.F.M.); (Z.J.R.-M.); (J.E.G.-C.)
| | - Zuly Jenny Rivera-Monroy
- Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional of Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (R.F.M.); (Z.J.R.-M.); (J.E.G.-C.)
| | | | - Claudia Marcela Parra-Giraldo
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (Y.V.-C.); (C.P.B.-C.)
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21
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Gan X, Chen Z, Wang L, Liu W, Ma Q, Li R, Wang J, Mu J. Evaluation of Ultra-High-Pressure Sterilization in Terms of Bactericidal Effect, Qualities, and Shelf Life of 'Xinli No. 7' ( Pyrus sinkiangensis) Pear Juice. Foods 2023; 12:2729. [PMID: 37509821 PMCID: PMC10379016 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, ultra-high-pressure sterilization (UHPS) of Xinli No. 7 juice (XL7) was explored and optimized. A challenge to implement UHPS in juice as a full alternative to thermal treatment could be represented by the adoption of a pressure level of up to 500 MPa for 20 min at one cycle followed by the packaging in aseptic conditions. It was found that UHPS and HS treatments could effectively kill the microorganisms in XL7 juice but HS treatment would inevitably lose the nutritional quality in the juice, while UHPS treatment could better maintain the glyconic acid content, functional components, and antioxidant activity and reduce Browning degree and improve the stability of XL7 juice. The deterioration rate of UHPS and HS-treated XL7 juice increased with the increased storage temperature. The predicted shelf life of UHPS and HS-treated XL7 juice was 68 and 41 days at 4 °C, respectively. Collectively, UHPS treatment combined with low-temperature storage might be an effective way to prolong the shelf life of XL7 juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Gan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Zhizhou Chen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Liwen Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Beijing Huiyuan Food and Beverage Co., Ltd., Beijing 101314, China
| | - Qianyun Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Rongbin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jianlou Mu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
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22
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Anuar MSK, Hashim AM, Ho CL, Wong MY, Sundram S, Saidi NB, Yusof MT. Synergism: biocontrol agents and biostimulants in reducing abiotic and biotic stresses in crop. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:123. [PMID: 36934342 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
In today's fast-shifting climate change scenario, crops are exposed to environmental pressures, abiotic and biotic stress. Hence, these will affect the production of agricultural products and give rise to a worldwide economic crisis. The increase in world population has exacerbated the situation with increasing food demand. The use of chemical agents is no longer recommended due to adverse effects towards the environment and health. Biocontrol agents (BCAs) and biostimulants, are feasible options for dealing with yield losses induced by plant stresses, which are becoming more intense due to climate change. BCAs and biostimulants have been recommended due to their dual action in reducing both stresses simultaneously. Although protection against biotic stresses falls outside the generally accepted definition of biostimulant, some microbial and non-microbial biostimulants possess the biocontrol function, which helps reduce biotic pressure on crops. The application of synergisms using BCAs and biostimulants to control crop stresses is rarely explored. Currently, a combined application using both agents offer a great alternative to increase the yield and growth of crops while managing stresses. This article provides an overview of crop stresses and plant stress responses, a general knowledge on synergism, mathematical modelling used for synergy evaluation and type of in vitro and in vivo synergy testing, as well as the application of synergism using BCAs and biostimulants in reducing crop stresses. This review will facilitate an understanding of the combined effect of both agents on improving crop yield and growth and reducing stress while also providing an eco-friendly alternative to agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salahudin Kheirel Anuar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Amalia Mohd Hashim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chai Ling Ho
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mui-Yun Wong
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Shamala Sundram
- Biology Research Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Noor Baity Saidi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Termizi Yusof
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia.
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23
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Toh SC, Lihan S, Bunya SR, Leong SS. In vitro antimicrobial efficacy of Cassia alata (Linn.) leaves, stem, and root extracts against cellulitis causative agent Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:85. [PMID: 36934252 PMCID: PMC10024395 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03914-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulitis is a common skin disease encountered in medical emergencies in hospitals. It can be treated using a combination of antibiotics therapy; however, the causative agent Staphylococcus aureus has been reported to develop resistance towards the currently used antibiotics. Therefore, the search for more alternative herbal origin antimicrobial agents is critical. AIM In this study, maceration and Soxhlet extraction of the whole plant of Cassia alata Linn. (leaves, roots, and stem) were performed using four solvents with different polarities, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and distilled water. The crude extracts were screened using agar well diffusion, colorimetric broth microdilution, grid culture and bacterial growth curve analysis against Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemicals in the crude extracts were identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS Agar-well diffusion analysis revealed that extraction using ethyl acetate showed the largest inhibition zone with an average diameter of 15.30 mm (root Soxhlet extract) followed by 14.70 mm (leaf Soxhlet extract) and 13.70 mm (root maceration extract). The lowest minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration in root Soxhlet extract using ethyl acetate was 0.313 and 0.625 µg µL-1, respectively. Our study proved that crude extract of the plant suppressed the growth of S. aureus as evidenced from a significant regression extension (p < 0.06, p = 0.00003) of lag phase for 6 h after the treatment with increased concentration. Based on the GC-MS analysis, 88 phytochemicals consist of fatty acids, esters, alkanes, phenols, fatty alcohols, sesquiterpenoids and macrocycle that possibly contributed to the antimicrobial properties were identified, 32 of which were previously characterized for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. CONCLUSION Ethyl acetate crude extract was better than the other investigated solvents. The root and stem of C. alata showed significant antimicrobial efficacy against S. aureus in this study. The remaining 56 out of 88 phytochemicals of the plant should be intensively studied for more medicinal uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seng Chiew Toh
- Department of Animal Science and Fishery, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Nyabau Road, 97008, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Samuel Lihan
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Scholastica Ramih Bunya
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Sui Sien Leong
- Department of Animal Science and Fishery, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Nyabau Road, 97008, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia.
- Institute of Ecosystem Science Borneo, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Nyabau Road, 97008, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia.
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24
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Baghiat Esfahani M, Khodavandi A, Alizadeh F, Bahador N. Biofilm-associated genes as potential molecular targets of nano-Fe 3O 4 in Candida albicans. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:682-694. [PMID: 36930446 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few effective treatments for Candida biofilm-associated infections. The present study demonstrated changes in the expression of biofilm-associated genes in Candida albicans treated with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (denoted as nano-Fe3O4). METHODS Nano-Fe3O4 was biologically synthesized using Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, and Fusarium oxysporum. Additionally, the biologically synthesized nano-Fe3O4 was characterized by visual observation; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The biologically synthesized nano-Fe3O4 was tested for growth and biofilm formation in C. albicans. Furthermore, quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to study the inhibition of biofilm-associated genes in C. albicans treated with nano-Fe3O4. RESULTS The production of biologically synthesized nano-Fe3O4 was confirmed using extensive characterization methods. The nano-Fe3O4 inhibited growth and biofilm formation. Nano-Fe3O4 exhibited growth inhibition with minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) of 50 to 200 μg mL-1. The anti-biofilm effects of nano-Fe3O4 were shown by 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5 sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) reduction assay, crystal violet staining, and light field microscopy. The gene expression results showed that the downregulation of BCR1, ALS1, ALS3, HWP1, and ECE1 genes inhibited the biofilm formation in C. albicans. ALS1 reduction was greater than others, with downregulation of 1375.83-, 1178.71-, and 768.47-fold at 2 × MIC, 1 × MIC, and ½ × MIC of nano-Fe3O4, respectively. CONCLUSION Biofilm-associated genes as potential molecular targets of nano-Fe3O4 in C. albicans may be an effective novel treatment strategy for biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Khodavandi
- Department of Biology, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran.
| | - Fahimeh Alizadeh
- Department of Biology, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran
| | - Nima Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
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25
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Silver(I) 1,10-Phenanthroline Complexes Are Active against Fonsecaea pedrosoi Viability and Negatively Modulate Its Potential Virulence Attributes. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030356. [PMID: 36983524 PMCID: PMC10057124 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Fonsecaea is one of the etiological agents of chromoblastomycosis (CBM), a chronic subcutaneous disease that is difficult to treat. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of copper(II), manganese(II) and silver(I) complexes coordinated with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen)/1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione) on Fonsecaea spp. Our results revealed that most of these complexes were able to inhibit F. pedrosoi, F. monophora and F. nubica conidial viability with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.6 to 100 µM. The most effective complexes against F. pedrosoi planktonic conidial cells, the main etiologic agent of CBM, were [Ag(phen)2]ClO4 and [Ag2(3,6,9-tdda)(phen)4].EtOH, (tdda: 3,6,9-trioxaundecanedioate), displaying MIC values equal to 1.2 and 0.6 µM, respectively. These complexes were effective in reducing the viability of F. pedrosoi biofilm formation and maturation. Silver(I)-tdda-phen, combined with itraconazole, reduced the viability and extracellular matrix during F. pedrosoi biofilm development. Moreover, both silver(I) complexes inhibited either metallo- or aspartic-type peptidase activities of F. pedrosoi as well as its conidia into mycelia transformation and melanin production. In addition, the complexes induced the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species in F. pedrosoi. Taken together, our data corroborate the antifungal action of metal-phen complexes, showing they represent a therapeutic option for fungal infections, including CBM.
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26
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Diedkova K, Pogrebnjak AD, Kyrylenko S, Smyrnova K, Buranich VV, Horodek P, Zukowski P, Koltunowicz TN, Galaszkiewicz P, Makashina K, Bondariev V, Sahul M, Čaplovičová M, Husak Y, Simka W, Korniienko V, Stolarczyk A, Blacha-Grzechnik A, Balitskyi V, Zahorodna V, Baginskiy I, Riekstina U, Gogotsi O, Gogotsi Y, Pogorielov M. Polycaprolactone-MXene Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36892008 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
New conductive materials for tissue engineering are needed for the development of regenerative strategies for nervous, muscular, and heart tissues. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is used to obtain biocompatible and biodegradable nanofiber scaffolds by electrospinning. MXenes, a large class of biocompatible 2D nanomaterials, can make polymer scaffolds conductive and hydrophilic. However, an understanding of how their physical properties affect potential biomedical applications is still lacking. We immobilized Ti3C2Tx MXene in several layers on the electrospun PCL membranes and used positron annihilation analysis combined with other techniques to elucidate the defect structure and porosity of nanofiber scaffolds. The polymer base was characterized by the presence of nanopores. The MXene surface layers had abundant vacancies at temperatures of 305-355 K, and a voltage resonance at 8 × 104 Hz with the relaxation time of 6.5 × 106 s was found in the 20-355 K temperature interval. The appearance of a long-lived component of the positron lifetime was observed, which was dependent on the annealing temperature. The study of conductivity of the composite scaffolds in a wide temperature range, including its inductive and capacity components, showed the possibility of the use of MXene-coated PCL membranes as conductive biomaterials. The electronic structure of MXene and the defects formed in its layers were correlated with the biological properties of the scaffolds in vitro and in bacterial adhesion tests. Double and triple MXene coatings formed an appropriate environment for cell attachment and proliferation with mild antibacterial effects. A combination of structural, chemical, electrical, and biological properties of the PCL-MXene composite demonstrated its advantage over the existing conductive scaffolds for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Diedkova
- Sumy State University, 2 Rymskogo-Korsakova Street, Sumy 40007, Ukraine
- University of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas Street, Riga LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Alexander D Pogrebnjak
- Sumy State University, 2 Rymskogo-Korsakova Street, Sumy 40007, Ukraine
- Department of Motor Vehicles, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38 A, Lublin 20-618, Poland
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Sergiy Kyrylenko
- Sumy State University, 2 Rymskogo-Korsakova Street, Sumy 40007, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Smyrnova
- Sumy State University, 2 Rymskogo-Korsakova Street, Sumy 40007, Ukraine
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Slovak University of Technology, J. Bottu 25, Trnava 917 24, Slovakia
| | | | - Pawel Horodek
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 152 Radzikowskiego Street, Krakow 31-342, Poland
| | - Pawel Zukowski
- Department of Electrical Devices and High Voltage Technology, Lublin University of Technology, 38 D Nadbystrzycka Street, Lublin 20-618, Poland
| | - Tomasz N Koltunowicz
- Department of Electrical Devices and High Voltage Technology, Lublin University of Technology, 38 D Nadbystrzycka Street, Lublin 20-618, Poland
| | - Piotr Galaszkiewicz
- Department of Electrical Devices and High Voltage Technology, Lublin University of Technology, 38 D Nadbystrzycka Street, Lublin 20-618, Poland
| | - Kristina Makashina
- East-Kazakhstan State Technical University, D. Serikbayev Street, 19, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan
| | - Vitaly Bondariev
- Department of Electrical Devices and High Voltage Technology, Lublin University of Technology, 38 D Nadbystrzycka Street, Lublin 20-618, Poland
| | - Martin Sahul
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Slovak University of Technology, J. Bottu 25, Trnava 917 24, Slovakia
| | - Maria Čaplovičová
- Centre for Nanodiagnostics of Materials, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 5 Vazovova Street, Bratislava 812 43, Slovakia
| | - Yevheniia Husak
- Sumy State University, 2 Rymskogo-Korsakova Street, Sumy 40007, Ukraine
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Strzody Street, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Wojciech Simka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Strzody Street, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Viktoriia Korniienko
- Sumy State University, 2 Rymskogo-Korsakova Street, Sumy 40007, Ukraine
- University of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas Street, Riga LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Agnieszka Stolarczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Strzody Street, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Agata Blacha-Grzechnik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Strzody Street, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Vitalii Balitskyi
- Materials Research Centre, 3 Krzhizhanovskogo Street, Kyiv 03142, Ukraine
| | - Veronika Zahorodna
- Materials Research Centre, 3 Krzhizhanovskogo Street, Kyiv 03142, Ukraine
| | - Ivan Baginskiy
- Materials Research Centre, 3 Krzhizhanovskogo Street, Kyiv 03142, Ukraine
| | - Una Riekstina
- University of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas Street, Riga LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Oleksiy Gogotsi
- Materials Research Centre, 3 Krzhizhanovskogo Street, Kyiv 03142, Ukraine
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- Sumy State University, 2 Rymskogo-Korsakova Street, Sumy 40007, Ukraine
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Maksym Pogorielov
- Sumy State University, 2 Rymskogo-Korsakova Street, Sumy 40007, Ukraine
- University of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas Street, Riga LV-1004, Latvia
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Sousa M, Afonso AC, Teixeira LS, Borges A, Saavedra MJ, Simões LC, Simões M. Hydrocinnamic Acid and Perillyl Alcohol Potentiate the Action of Antibiotics against Escherichia coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020360. [PMID: 36830271 PMCID: PMC9952493 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of bacterial infections has been troubled by the increased resistance to antibiotics, instigating the search for new antimicrobial therapies. Phytochemicals have demonstrated broad-spectrum and effective antibacterial effects as well as antibiotic resistance-modifying activity. In this study, perillyl alcohol and hydrocinnamic acid were characterized for their antimicrobial action against Escherichia coli. Furthermore, dual and triple combinations of these molecules with the antibiotics chloramphenicol and amoxicillin were investigated for the first time. Perillyl alcohol had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 256 µg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 512 µg/mL. Hydrocinnamic acid had a MIC of 2048 µg/mL and an MBC > 2048 µg/mL. Checkerboard and time-kill assays demonstrated synergism or additive effects for the dual combinations chloramphenicol/perillyl alcohol, chloramphenicol/hydrocinnamic acid, and amoxicillin/hydrocinnamic acid at low concentrations of both molecules. Combenefit analysis showed synergism for various concentrations of amoxicillin with each phytochemical. Combinations of chloramphenicol with perillyl alcohol and hydrocinnamic acid revealed synergism mainly at low concentrations of antibiotics (up to 2 μg/mL of chloramphenicol with perillyl alcohol; 0.5 μg/mL of chloramphenicol with hydrocinnamic acid). The results highlight the potential of combinatorial therapies for microbial growth control, where phytochemicals can play an important role as potentiators or resistance-modifying agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Sousa
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Afonso
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CEB, LABBELS—Centre of Biological Engineering, Associate Laboratory on Biotechnology and Bioengineering, and Electromechanical Systems, School of Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Lília Soares Teixeira
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Borges
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Saavedra
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Chaves Simões
- CEB, LABBELS—Centre of Biological Engineering, Associate Laboratory on Biotechnology and Bioengineering, and Electromechanical Systems, School of Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Abad AV, Manzanares P, Marcos JF, Martínez-Culebras PV. The Penicillium digitatum antifungal protein PdAfpB shows high activity against mycobiota involved in sliced bread spoilage. Food Microbiol 2023; 109:104142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Gonzalez-Pastor R, Carrera-Pacheco SE, Zúñiga-Miranda J, Rodríguez-Pólit C, Mayorga-Ramos A, Guamán LP, Barba-Ostria C. Current Landscape of Methods to Evaluate Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Extracts. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031068. [PMID: 36770734 PMCID: PMC9920787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural extracts have been and continue to be used to treat a wide range of medical conditions, from infectious diseases to cancer, based on their convenience and therapeutic potential. Natural products derived from microbes, plants, and animals offer a broad variety of molecules and chemical compounds. Natural products are not only one of the most important sources for innovative drug development for animal and human health, but they are also an inspiration for synthetic biology and chemistry scientists towards the discovery of new bioactive compounds and pharmaceuticals. This is particularly relevant in the current context, where antimicrobial resistance has risen as a global health problem. Thus, efforts are being directed toward studying natural compounds' chemical composition and bioactive potential to generate drugs with better efficacy and lower toxicity than existing molecules. Currently, a wide range of methodologies are used to analyze the in vitro activity of natural extracts to determine their suitability as antimicrobial agents. Despite traditional technologies being the most employed, technological advances have contributed to the implementation of methods able to circumvent issues related to analysis capacity, time, sensitivity, and reproducibility. This review produces an updated analysis of the conventional and current methods to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Gonzalez-Pastor
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Saskya E. Carrera-Pacheco
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Johana Zúñiga-Miranda
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Pólit
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Arianna Mayorga-Ramos
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Linda P. Guamán
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (L.P.G.); (C.B.-O.)
| | - Carlos Barba-Ostria
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito 170901, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (L.P.G.); (C.B.-O.)
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Micko L, Salma I, Skadins I, Egle K, Salms G, Dubnika A. Can Our Blood Help Ensure Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1073. [PMID: 36674589 PMCID: PMC9863626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the potential of PRF has been extensively studied. The number of studies about PRF has increased three times since the year 2012, but the full spectrum of its fundamental properties, such as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, is not clearly described. In oral and maxillofacial surgery, PRF is described in alveolar ridge preservation, orthognathic surgery, cleft lip and palate surgery, maxillary sinus augmentation, and dental implant placement as demonstrating favorable results and its clinical advantages. The structural complexity, inhomogeneous nature, and clotting ability of PRF make its antimicrobial effect evaluation complicated. Nevertheless, most of the used antimicrobial testing methods are based on antibacterial agent diffusion ability in culture media. Because the oral and maxillofacial region is the most frequent area of PRF application, its antimicrobial activity evaluation also prevails in the oral microbiome. PRF's biological potential is highly dependent on the specific preparation protocol and methodology used; it should be carefully prepared and kept under proper conditions to keep cellular content alive. PRF's influence on living cells demonstrates a stimulating effect on bone regeneration, and an angiogenetic effect, and it provides anti-inflammatory activity. According to analyzed studies, PRF demonstrated success in oral and maxillofacial surgery in various methods of application. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties were proven by antibacterial activity against different bacterial species, sustained growth factor, sustained release, and cell activity on the material application. Accurately and correctly prepared PRF can ensure antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and it can be a beneficial clinical tool in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Micko
- Institute of Stomatology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1658 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Salma
- Institute of Stomatology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1658 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ingus Skadins
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1658 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Karina Egle
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1658 Riga, Latvia
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Riga Technical University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Girts Salms
- Institute of Stomatology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Arita Dubnika
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1658 Riga, Latvia
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Riga Technical University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
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Bhatti SA, Hussain MH, Mohsin MZ, Mohsin A, Zaman WQ, Guo M, Iqbal MW, Siddiqui SA, Ibrahim SA, Ur-Rehman S, Korma SA. Evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of Capsicum, Nigella sativa, Musa paradisiaca L., and Citrus limetta: A review. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1043823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of antibiotics and vaccines against microbial infections can result in long-term negative effects on humans and the environment. However, there are a number of plants that have antimicrobial effects against various disease-causing microbes such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi without negative side effects or harm to the environment. In this regard, four particular plants- Capsicum, Nigella sativa, Musa paradisiaca L., and Citrus limetta have been widely considered due to their excellent antimicrobial effect and ample availability. In this review, we discuss their antimicrobial effects due to the presence of thymoquinone, p-cymene, pinene, alkaloids, limonene, camphene, and melanin. These antimicrobial compounds disrupt the cell membrane of microbes, inhibit cellular division, and form biofilm in bacterial species, eventually reducing the number of microbes. Extraction of these compounds from the respective plants is carried out by different methods such as soxhlet, hydro-distillation, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), pulsed electric field (PEF), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and high-voltage electrical discharge. Suitable selection of the extraction technique highly depends upon the associated advantages and disadvantages. In order to aid future study in this field, this review paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each of these approaches. Additionally, the discussion covers how antimicrobial agents destroy harmful bacteria. Thus, this review offers in-depth knowledge to researchers on the antibacterial properties of Capsicum, Nigella sativa, Musa paradisiaca L. peels, and Citrus limetta.
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Cournoyer A, Thibodeau J, Ben Said L, Sanchez-Reinoso Z, Mikhaylin S, Fliss I, Bazinet L. How Discoloration of Porcine Cruor Hydrolysate Allowed the Identification of New Antifungal Peptides. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244035. [PMID: 36553781 PMCID: PMC9778238 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine blood is an important by-product from slaughterhouses and an abundant source of proteins. Indeed, cruor, the solid part of blood, is mainly composed of hemoglobin. Its enzymatic hydrolysis with pepsin generates a diversity of peptides, particularly antimicrobials. One of the downsides of using these hydrolysates as food bio-preservatives is the color brought by the heme, which can be removed by discoloration. Nonetheless, the effects of this procedure on the antimicrobial peptide population have not been completely investigated. In this study, its impacts were evaluated on the final antibacterial and antifungal activities of a cruor hydrolysate. The results demonstrated that 38 identified and characterized peptides showed a partial or total decrease in the hydrolysate, after discoloration. Antifungal activities were observed for the raw and discolored hydrolysates: MICs vary between 0.1 and 30.0 mg/mL of proteins, and significant differences were detected between both hydrolysates for the strains S. boulardii, C. guilliermondii, K. marxianus, M. racemosus and P. chrysogenum. The raw hydrolysate showed up to 12 times higher antifungal activities. Hence, peptides with the highest relative abundance decrease after discoloration were synthesized and tested individually. In total, eight new antifungal peptides were characterized as active and promising. To our knowledge, this is the first time that effective antifungal peptide sequences have been reported from porcine cruor hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Cournoyer
- Department of Food Science, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Laboratoire de Transformation Alimentaire et Procédés ÉlectroMembranaires (LTAPEM, Laboratory of Food Processing and Electromembrane Process), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jacinthe Thibodeau
- Department of Food Science, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Laboratoire de Transformation Alimentaire et Procédés ÉlectroMembranaires (LTAPEM, Laboratory of Food Processing and Electromembrane Process), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laila Ben Said
- Department of Food Science, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Zain Sanchez-Reinoso
- Department of Food Science, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Laboratoire de Transformation Alimentaire et Procédés ÉlectroMembranaires (LTAPEM, Laboratory of Food Processing and Electromembrane Process), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sergey Mikhaylin
- Department of Food Science, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Laboratoire de Transformation Alimentaire et Procédés ÉlectroMembranaires (LTAPEM, Laboratory of Food Processing and Electromembrane Process), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ismail Fliss
- Department of Food Science, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laurent Bazinet
- Department of Food Science, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Laboratoire de Transformation Alimentaire et Procédés ÉlectroMembranaires (LTAPEM, Laboratory of Food Processing and Electromembrane Process), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-656-2131 (ext. 407445)
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Romário-Silva D, Alencar SM, Bueno-Silva B, Sardi JDCO, Franchin M, de Carvalho RDP, Ferreira TEDSA, Rosalen PL. Antimicrobial Activity of Honey against Oral Microorganisms: Current Reality, Methodological Challenges and Solutions. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122325. [PMID: 36557578 PMCID: PMC9781356 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms, but its effects on oral biofilms are largely unknown. In this review, we analyzed the currently available literature on the antimicrobial activity of honey against oral biofilms in order to determine its potential as a functional food in the treatment and/or prevention of oral diseases. Here, we compare studies reporting on the antimicrobial activity of honey against systemic and oral bacteria, discuss methodological strategies, and point out current gaps in the literature. To date, there are no consistent studies supporting the use of honey as a therapy for oral diseases of bacterial origin, but current evidence in the field is promising. The lack of studies examining the antibiofilm activity of honey against oral microorganisms reveals a need for additional research to better define aspects such as chemical composition, the mechanism(s) of action, and antimicrobial action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Romário-Silva
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
- Research Program in Integrated Dental Sciences, University of Cuiabá, Cuiabá 78065-900, Brazil
| | - Severino Matias Alencar
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”—ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bueno-Silva
- Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Janaína de Cássia Orlandi Sardi
- Research Program in Integrated Dental Sciences, University of Cuiabá, Cuiabá 78065-900, Brazil
- Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Franchin
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (P.L.R.)
| | | | - Thayná Ellen de Sousa Alves Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
- Research Program in Integrated Dental Sciences, University of Cuiabá, Cuiabá 78065-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (P.L.R.)
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Masri A, Brown DM, Smith DGE, Stone V, Johnston HJ. Comparison of In Vitro Approaches to Assess the Antibacterial Effects of Nanomaterials. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:255. [PMID: 36412895 PMCID: PMC9703965 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial properties of nanomaterials (NMs) can be exploited in a range of consumer products (e.g., wound dressings, food packaging, textiles, medicines). There is also interest in the exploitation of NMs as treatments for infectious diseases to help combat antibiotic resistance. Whilst the antibacterial activity of NMs has been assessed in vitro and in vivo in numerous studies, the methodology used is very varied. Indeed, while numerous approaches are available to assess the antibacterial effect of NMs in vitro, they have not yet been systematically assessed for their suitability and sensitivity for testing NMs. It is therefore timely to consider what assays should be prioritised to screen the antibacterial properties of NMs. The majority of existing in vitro studies have focused on investigating the antibacterial effects exhibited by silver (Ag) NMs and have employed a limited range of assays. We therefore compared the antibacterial effects of copper oxide (CuO) NMs to Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis at various concentrations (12.5-200 µg/mL) using a battery of tests (well and disc diffusion, plate counts-time-kill method, optical density measurement-OD, Alamar Blue and live/dead viability assays, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction). CuO NMs were most toxic to B. subtilis and E. coli, while P. aeruginosa was the least sensitive strain. All assays employed detected the antibacterial activity of CuO NMs; however, they varied in their sensitivity, time, cost, technical difficulty and requirement for specialized equipment. In the future, we suggest that a combination of approaches is used to provide a robust assessment of the antibacterial activity of NMs. In particular, we recommend that the time-kill and OD assays are prioritised due to their greater sensitivity. We also suggest that standard operating protocols are developed so that the antibacterial activity of NMs can be assessed using a harmonised approach.
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Partha ADSL, Widodo ADW, Endraswari PD. Evaluation of fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole activity on Candida albicans: A case control study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 84:104882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Impact of Pulsed Electric Fields and pH on Enzyme Inactivation and Bioactivities of Peptic Hydrolysates Produced from Bovine and Porcine Hemoglobin. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213313. [DOI: 10.3390/foods11213313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of bioactive peptides from hemoglobin via peptic hydrolysis is a promising alternative to valorizing slaughterhouse blood proteins. Nevertheless, it has some limitations such as low yield, high cost of enzymes, and the use of chemical reagents. The latter is aggravated by the pH increase to inactivate the enzyme, which can affect the bioactivity of the peptides. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on the pepsin inactivation and biological activities (antimicrobial and antioxidant) of hemoglobin hydrolysates. Bovine (Hb-B) and porcine (Hb-P) hemoglobin were hydrolyzed with pepsin for 3 h and treated with PEFs to inactivate the enzyme. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) did not show significant changes after PEF inactivation, whereas peptide population analysis showed some changes in PEF-treated hydrolysates over time, suggesting residual pepsin activity. PEF treatments showed no significant positive or negative impact on antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Additionally, the impact of pH (3, 7, and 10) on bioactivity was studied. Higher pH fostered stronger anti-yeast activity and DPPH-scavenging capacity, whereas pH 7 fostered antifungal activity. Thus, the use of hemoglobin from the meat industry combined with PEF treatments could fit the circular economy concept since bioactive peptides can be produced more eco-efficiently and recycled to reduce the spoilage of meat products. Nevertheless, further studies on PEF conditions must be carried out to achieve complete inactivation of pepsin and the potential enhancement of peptides’ bioactivity.
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Nicoletti G, White K. The Anti-Fungal Activity of Nitropropenyl Benzodioxole (NPBD), a Redox-Thiol Oxidant and Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitor. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091188. [PMID: 36139967 PMCID: PMC9495065 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetically diverse fungal species are an increasing cause of severe disease and mortality. Identification of new targets and development of new fungicidal drugs are required to augment the effectiveness of current chemotherapy and counter increasing resistance in pathogens. Nitroalkenyl benzene derivatives are thiol oxidants and inhibitors of cysteine-based molecules, which show broad biological activity against microorganisms. Nitropropenyl benzodioxole (NPBD), one of the most active antimicrobial derivatives, shows high activity in MIC assays for phylogenetically diverse saprophytic, commensal and parasitic fungi. NPBD was fungicidal to all species except the dermatophytic fungi, with an activity profile comparable to that of Amphotericin B and Miconazole. NPBD showed differing patterns of dynamic kill rates under different growth conditions for Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus and was rapidly fungicidal for non-replicating vegetative forms and microconidia. It did not induce resistant or drug tolerant strains in major pathogens on long term exposure. A literature review highlights the complexity and interactivity of fungal tyrosine phosphate and redox signaling pathways, their differing metabolic effects in fungal species and identifies some targets for inhibition. A comparison of the metabolic activities of Amphotericin B, Miconazole and NPBD highlights the multiple cellular functions of these agents and the complementarity of many mechanisms. The activity profile of NPBD illustrates the functional diversity of fungal tyrosine phosphatases and thiol-based redox active molecules and contributes to the validation of tyrosine phosphatases and redox thiol molecules as related and complementary selective targets for antimicrobial drug development. NPBD is a selective antifungal agent with low oral toxicity which would be suitable for local treatment of skin and mucosal infections.
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Konus M, Çetin D, Kızılkan ND, Yılmaz C, Fidan C, Algso M, Kavak E, Kivrak A, Kurt-Kızıldoğan A, Otur Ç, Mutlu D, Abdelsalam AH, Arslan S. Synthesis and biological activity of new indole based derivatives as potent anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Cherian T, Maity D, Rajendra Kumar RT, Balasubramani G, Ragavendran C, Yalla S, Mohanraju R, Peijnenburg WJGM. Green Chemistry Based Gold Nanoparticles Synthesis Using the Marine Bacterium Lysinibacillus odysseyi PBCW2 and Their Multitudinous Activities. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12172940. [PMID: 36079977 PMCID: PMC9458051 DOI: 10.3390/nano12172940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Green chemistry has paved an 'avant-garde avenue' in the production and fabrication of eco-friendly stable nanoparticles employing the utilization of biological agents. In the present study we present the first report on the potential of the marine bacterium Lysinibacillus odysseyi PBCW2 for the extracellular production of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Utilizing a variety of methods, AuNPs in the cell-free supernatant of L. odysseyi (CFS-LBOE) were identified and their antioxidant, antibacterial, and dye-degrading properties were examined. The visual coloring of the reaction mixture to a ruby red hue showed the production of LBOE-AuNPs; validated by means of XRD, TEM, SEM, XRD, DLS, TGA, and FT-IR analysis. Additionally, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl technique and the well diffusion assay were used to examine their dose-dependent antioxidant and antibacterial activity. These biogenic LBOE-AuNPs showed 91% dye degradation efficiency during catalytic reduction activity on BTB dye, demonstrating their versatility as options for heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijo Cherian
- Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology, Pondicherry University—Port Blair Campus, Port Blair 744 112, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
- Aquatic Animal Health and Environment Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai 600 028, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Debasis Maity
- ETH Zürich—Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering ETH (D-BSSE ETH Zürich), Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ramasamy T. Rajendra Kumar
- Advanced Materials and Research Laboratory (AMDL), Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindasamy Balasubramani
- Department of Biotechnology, Division of Research & Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveethanagar, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chinnasamy Ragavendran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suneelkumar Yalla
- Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology, Pondicherry University—Port Blair Campus, Port Blair 744 112, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Raju Mohanraju
- Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology, Pondicherry University—Port Blair Campus, Port Blair 744 112, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Abd Murad NB, Mustafa M, Shaari K, Mohd Zainudin NAI. Micrograph analysis of morphological alteration and cellular damage of fruit rot fungal pathogens treated with Averrhoa bilimbi fruit and Garcinia mangostana pericarp ethanolic extracts. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1319-1329. [PMID: 35934942 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the antifungal action of Averrhoa bilimbi fruit and Garcinia mangostana pericarp ethanolic extracts in altering the morphology and causing cellular damage of Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium proliferatum, Collectotrichum gloeosporioides and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The pathogens were cultured on media containing both extracts individually and carbendazim as positive control, while media alone as negative control. All samples were processed for microscopy observations by using scanning (SEM) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopes. Observation via SEM showed significant alterations in the hyphae of F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum and C. gloeosporioides compared to the control in which the hyphae were in normal form. However, no significant alteration in hyphae had been observed in the treated plate compared to the control for L. theobromae. Calcium carbonate crystals development were also observed abundantly in control compared to treated pathogens for F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum only. This indicated that the plant extracts can inhibit some metabolic processes in the pathogens too. Observations via TEM had been conducted for F. proliferatum and C. gloeosporioides respectively. The results showed disintegration of cytoplasmic organelles and cell wall, intense vacuolization and lyses part of fungal cells. The plant extracts have equivalent or even greater effects compared to commercial fungicide carbendazim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Baiti Abd Murad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muskhazli Mustafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Ain Izzati Mohd Zainudin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Sustainable Agronomy and Crop Protections, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Evaluation of Anti-Candida Potential of Piper nigrum Extract in Inhibiting Growth, Yeast-Hyphal Transition, Virulent Enzymes, and Biofilm Formation. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080784. [PMID: 36012773 PMCID: PMC9409899 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increased incidence of fungal infections and the emergence of antifungal resistance mainly by Candida species, the need for safe and effective novel therapies is imperative. Consequently, plants and herbs are a powerful source to combat infections. Here, we evaluated the anti-Candida potential of an ethanolic extract from Piper nigrum. The phytochemical analysis of P. nigrum revealed bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, terpenoids, and tannis. Our results showed that P. nigrum extract suppressed the virulence factors of C. albicans strains, including hyphae formation in both liquid and solid media, reduced secretion of phospholipases/proteinases, and affected biofilm formation. Furthermore, the P. nigrum extract showed no hemolytic effect in vitro and exhibited reduced cytotoxicity on Vero cells and G. mellonella larvae at concentrations that inhibited hyphae and biofilm in C. albicans. Moreover, the extract demonstrated antifungal activity against C. auris strains. In conclusion, the P. nigrum extract affected the growth and morphogenesis of Candida (even in resistant strains), demonstrating that this plant has an anti-candida activity and represents a promising resource for discovering novel antifungal compounds.
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Hossain ML, Lim LY, Hammer K, Hettiarachchi D, Locher C. A Review of Commonly Used Methodologies for Assessing the Antibacterial Activity of Honey and Honey Products. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070975. [PMID: 35884229 PMCID: PMC9312033 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey, a naturally sweet and viscous substance is mainly produced by honeybees (Apis mellifera) from flower nectar. Honey exerts a plethora of biological and pharmacological activities, namely, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, because of the presence of an extensive variety of bioactive compounds. The antibacterial activity is one of the most reported biological properties, with many studies demonstrating that honey is active against clinically important pathogens. As a result, beside honey’s widespread utilization as a common food and flavouring agent, honey is an attractive natural antimicrobial agent. However, the use of neat honey for therapeutic purposes poses some problems, for instance, its stickiness may hamper its appeal to consumers and health care professionals, and the maintenance of an adequate therapeutic concentration over a sufficient timeframe may be challenging due to honey liquidity and leakage. It has motivated researchers to integrate honey into diverse formulations, for example, hydrogels, dressings, ointments, pastes and lozenges. The antibacterial activity of these formulations should be scientifically determined to underscore claims of effectiveness. Some researchers have made efforts to adapt the disc carrier and suspension test to assess the antimicrobial activity of topical products (e.g., silver-based wound dressings). However, there is currently no established and validated method for determining the in vitro antimicrobial potential of natural product-based formulations, including those containing honey as the active principle. Against the backdrop of a brief discussion of the parameters that contribute to its antibacterial activity, this review provides an outline of the methods currently used for investigating the antibacterial activity of neat honey and discusses their limitations for application to honey-based formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Lokman Hossain
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia; (M.L.H.); (L.Y.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Lee Yong Lim
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia; (M.L.H.); (L.Y.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Katherine Hammer
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia;
- CRC for Honey Bee Products, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Dhanushka Hettiarachchi
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia; (M.L.H.); (L.Y.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Cornelia Locher
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia; (M.L.H.); (L.Y.L.); (D.H.)
- CRC for Honey Bee Products, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Evaluation of Biological Activity of Natural Compounds: Current Trends and Methods. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144490. [PMID: 35889361 PMCID: PMC9324072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds have diverse structures and are present in different forms of life. Metabolites such as tannins, anthocyanins, and alkaloids, among others, serve as a defense mechanism in live organisms and are undoubtedly compounds of interest for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Plants, bacteria, and insects represent sources of biomolecules with diverse activities, which are in many cases poorly studied. To use these molecules for different applications, it is essential to know their structure, concentrations, and biological activity potential. In vitro techniques that evaluate the biological activity of the molecules of interest have been developed since the 1950s. Currently, different methodologies have emerged to overcome some of the limitations of these traditional techniques, mainly via reductions in time and costs. These emerging technologies continue to appear due to the urgent need to expand the analysis capacity of a growing number of reported biomolecules. This review presents an updated summary of the conventional and relevant methods to evaluate the natural compounds’ biological activity in vitro.
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Yu S, Paderu P, Lee A, Eirekat S, Healey K, Chen L, Perlin DS, Zhao Y. Histone Acetylation Regulator Gcn5 Mediates Drug Resistance and Virulence of Candida glabrata. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0096322. [PMID: 35658596 PMCID: PMC9241792 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00963-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida glabrata is poised to adapt to drug pressure rapidly and acquire antifungal resistance leading to therapeutic failure. Given the limited antifungal armamentarium, there is an unmet need to explore new targets or therapeutic strategies for antifungal treatment. The lysine acetyltransferase Gcn5 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of C. albicans. Yet how Gcn5 functions and impacts antifungal resistance in C. glabrata is unknown. Disrupting GCN5 rendered C. glabrata cells more sensitive to various stressors, partially reverted resistance in drug-resistant mutants, and attenuated the emergence of resistance compared to wild-type cells. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed transcriptomic changes involving multiple biological processes and different transcriptional responses to antifungal drugs in gcn5Δ cells compared to wild-type cells. GCN5 deletion also resulted in reduced intracellular survival within THP-1 macrophages. In summary, Gcn5 plays a critical role in modulating the virulence of C. glabrata and regulating its response to antifungal pressure and host defense. IMPORTANCE As an important and successful human pathogen, Candida glabrata is known for its swift adaptation and rapid acquisition of resistance to the most commonly used antifungal agents, resulting in therapeutic failure in clinical settings. Here, we describe that the histone acetyltransferase Gcn5 is a key factor in adapting to antifungal pressure and developing resistance in C. glabrata. The results provide new insights into epigenetic control over the drug response in C. glabrata and may be useful for drug target discovery and the development of new therapeutic strategies to combat fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Yu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Padmaja Paderu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Annie Lee
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sami Eirekat
- Department of Biology, William Paterson University, Wayne, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kelley Healey
- Department of Biology, William Paterson University, Wayne, New Jersey, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - David S. Perlin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
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Cruz N, Abernathy GA, Dichosa AEK, Kumar A. The Age of Next-Generation Therapeutic-Microbe Discovery: Exploiting Microbe-Microbe and Host-Microbe Interactions for Disease Prevention. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0058921. [PMID: 35384688 PMCID: PMC9119102 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00589-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are considered "superorganisms," harboring a diverse microbial collective that outnumbers human cells 10 to 1. Complex and gravely understudied host- and microbe-microbe interactions-the product of millions of years of host-microbe coevolution-govern the superorganism in almost every aspect of life functions and overall well-being. Abruptly disrupting these interactions via extrinsic factors has undesirable consequences for the host. On the other hand, supplementing commensal or beneficial microbes may mitigate perturbed interactions or enhance the interactive relationships that ultimately benefit all parties. Hence, immense efforts have focused on dissecting the innumerable host- and microbe-microbe relationships to characterize if a "positive" or "negative" interaction is at play and to exploit such behavior for broader implications. For example, microbiome research has worked to identify and isolate naturally antipathogenic microbes that may offer therapeutic potential either in a direct, one-on-one application or by leveraging its unique metabolic properties. However, the discovery and isolation of such desired therapeutic microbes from complex microbiota have proven challenging. Currently, there is no conventional technique to universally and functionally screen for these microbes. With this said, we first describe in this review the historical (probiotics) and current (fecal microbiota or defined consortia) perspectives on therapeutic microbes, present the discoveries of therapeutic microbes through exploiting microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions, and detail our team's efforts in discovering therapeutic microbes via our novel microbiome screening platform. We conclude this minireview by briefly discussing challenges and possible solutions with therapeutic microbes' applications and paths ahead for discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Cruz
- B-10: Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - George A. Abernathy
- B-10: Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Armand E. K. Dichosa
- B-10: Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Anand Kumar
- B-10: Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
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Pereira PFS, de Paula E Silva ACA, da Silva Pimentel BNA, Pinatti IM, Simões AZ, Vergani CE, Barreto-Vieira DF, da Silva MAN, Miranda MD, Monteiro MES, Tucci A, Doñate-Buendía C, Mínguez-Vega G, Andrés J, Longo E. Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by a chitosan/α-Ag 2WO 4 composite generated by femtosecond laser irradiation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8118. [PMID: 35581241 PMCID: PMC9114143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current COVID-19 pandemic, the next generation of innovative materials with enhanced anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity is urgently needed to prevent the spread of this virus within the community. Herein, we report the synthesis of chitosan/α-Ag2WO4 composites synthetized by femtosecond laser irradiation. The antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Methicilin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), and Candida albicans was determined by estimating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC). To assess the biocompatibility of chitosan/α-Ag2WO4 composites in a range involving MIC and MBC/MFC on keratinocytes cells (NOK-si), an alamarBlue™ assay and an MTT assay were carried out. The SARS-CoV-2 virucidal effects was analyzed in Vero E6 cells through viral titer quantified in cell culture supernatant by PFU/mL assay. Our results showed a very similar antimicrobial activity of chitosan/α-Ag2WO4 3.3 and 6.6, with the last one demonstrating a slightly better action against MSSA. The chitosan/α-Ag2WO4 9.9 showed a wide range of antimicrobial activity (0.49-31.25 µg/mL). The cytotoxicity outcomes by alamarBlue™ revealed that the concentrations of interest (MIC and MBC/MFC) were considered non-cytotoxic to all composites after 72 h of exposure. The Chitosan/α-Ag2WO4 (CS6.6/α-Ag2WO4) composite reduced the SARS-CoV-2 viral titer quantification up to 80% of the controls. Then, our results suggest that these composites are highly efficient materials to kill bacteria (Escherichia coli, Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, and the yeast strain Candida albicans), in addition to inactivating SARS-CoV-2 by contact, through ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fabiana Santos Pereira
- CDMF, LIEC, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), P.O. Box 676, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.,Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University Jaume I (UJI), 12071, Castelló, Spain
| | - Ana Carolina Alves de Paula E Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 1680 Humaitá Street, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Bruna Natália Alves da Silva Pimentel
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 1680 Humaitá Street, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Ivo Mateus Pinatti
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University Jaume I (UJI), 12071, Castelló, Spain.,Faculty of Engineering of Guaratinguetá, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Guaratinguetá, SP, 12516-410, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Zirpoli Simões
- Faculty of Engineering of Guaratinguetá, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Guaratinguetá, SP, 12516-410, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Vergani
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 1680 Humaitá Street, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Débora Ferreira Barreto-Vieira
- Laboratory of Viral Morphology and Morphogenesis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Milene Dias Miranda
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Santos Monteiro
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda Tucci
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Doñate-Buendía
- GROC UJI, Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat sn, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.,Materials Science and Additive Manufacturing, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Gladys Mínguez-Vega
- GROC UJI, Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat sn, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Juan Andrés
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University Jaume I (UJI), 12071, Castelló, Spain
| | - Elson Longo
- CDMF, LIEC, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), P.O. Box 676, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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Production of Demineralized Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antioxidant Peptides from Bovine Hemoglobin Using an Optimized Multiple-Step System: Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membrane. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050512. [PMID: 35629838 PMCID: PMC9143934 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that bovine hemoglobin, a protein from slaughterhouse waste, has important biological potential after conventional enzymatic hydrolysis. However, the active peptides could not be considered pure since they contained mineral salts. Therefore, an optimized multi-step process of electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EDBM) was carried out to produce discolored and demineralized peptides without the addition of chemical agents. The aim of this study was to test the antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of discolored and demineralized bovine hemoglobin hydrolysates recovered by EDBM and to compare them with raw and discolored hydrolysates derived from conventional hydrolysis. The results demonstrate that discolored–demineralized hydrolysates recovered from EDBM had significant antimicrobial activity against many bacterial (gram-positive and gram-negative) and fungal (molds and yeast) strains. Concerning antibacterial activity, lower MIC values for hydrolysates were registered against Staphylococcus aureus, Kocuria rhizophila and Listeria monocytogenes. For antifungal activity, lower MIC values for hydrolysates were registered against Paecilomyces spp., Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Mucor racemosus. Hemoglobin hydrolysates showed fungicidal mechanisms towards these fungal strains since the MFC/MIC ratio was ≤4. The hydrolysates also showed a potent antioxidant effect in four different antioxidant tests. Consequently, they can be considered promising natural, low-salt food preservatives. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have identified the biological properties of discolored and demineralized bovine hemoglobin hydrolysates.
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Simm C, Weerasinghe H, Thomas DR, Harrison PF, Newton HJ, Beilharz TH, Traven A. Disruption of Iron Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Metabolism Are Promising Targets to Inhibit Candida auris. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0010022. [PMID: 35412372 PMCID: PMC9045333 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00100-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are a global threat, but treatments are limited due to a paucity in antifungal drug targets and the emergence of drug-resistant fungi such as Candida auris. Metabolic adaptations enable microbial growth in nutrient-scarce host niches, and they further control immune responses to pathogens, thereby offering opportunities for therapeutic targeting. Because it is a relatively new pathogen, little is known about the metabolic requirements for C. auris growth and its adaptations to counter host defenses. Here, we establish that triggering metabolic dysfunction is a promising strategy against C. auris. Treatment with pyrvinium pamoate (PP) induced metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial dysfunction evident in disrupted mitochondrial morphology and reduced tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme activity. PP also induced changes consistent with disrupted iron homeostasis. Nutrient supplementation experiments support the proposition that PP-induced metabolic dysfunction is driven by disrupted iron homeostasis, which compromises carbon and lipid metabolism and mitochondria. PP inhibited C. auris replication in macrophages, which is a relevant host niche for this yeast pathogen. We propose that PP causes a multipronged metabolic hit to C. auris: it restricts the micronutrient iron to potentiate nutritional immunity imposed by immune cells, and it further causes metabolic dysfunction that compromises the utilization of macronutrients, thereby curbing the metabolic plasticity needed for growth in host environments. Our study offers a new avenue for therapeutic development against drug-resistant C. auris, shows how complex metabolic dysfunction can be caused by a single compound triggering antifungal inhibition, and provides insights into the metabolic needs of C. auris in immune cell environments. IMPORTANCE Over the last decade, Candida auris has emerged as a human pathogen around the world causing life-threatening infections with wide-spread antifungal drug resistance, including pandrug resistance in some cases. In this study, we addressed the mechanism of action of the antiparasitic drug pyrvinium pamoate against C. auris and show how metabolism could be inhibited to curb C. auris proliferation. We show that pyrvinium pamoate triggers sweeping metabolic and mitochondrial changes and disrupts iron homeostasis. PP-induced metabolic dysfunction compromises the utilization of both micro- and macronutrients by C. auris and reduces its growth in vitro and in immune phagocytes. Our findings provide insights into the metabolic requirements for C. auris growth and define the mechanisms of action of pyrvinium pamoate against C. auris, demonstrating how this compound works by inhibiting the metabolic flexibility of the pathogen. As such, our study characterizes credible avenues for new antifungal approaches against C. auris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Simm
- Infection Program and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harshini Weerasinghe
- Infection Program and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - David R. Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Hayley J. Newton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Traude H. Beilharz
- Development and Stem Cells Program and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ana Traven
- Infection Program and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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Oliveira TAS, Santiago MB, Santos VHP, Silva EO, Martins CHG, Crotti AEM. Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils against Oral Pathogens. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200097. [PMID: 35213780 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This updated review article covers the literature between 2011 and 2021 on the antibacterial activity of EOs against the main bacteria that cause caries and periodontal diseases. The criteria to classify the in vitro antibacterial activity of EOs is updated and the most promising results are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís A S Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Química, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana B Santiago
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Valmore H P Santos
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Eliane O Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Carlos H G Martins
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio E M Crotti
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Química, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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50
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Fluoroquinolones' Biological Activities against Laboratory Microbes and Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051658. [PMID: 35268759 PMCID: PMC8911966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of novel derivatives to rein in and fight bacteria have never been more demanding, as microbial resistance strains are alarmingly increasing. A multitude of new fluoroquinolones derivatives with an improved spectrum of activity and/or enhanced pharmacokinetics parameters have been widely explored. Reporting novel antimicrobial agents entails comparing their potential activity to their parent drugs; hence, parent fluoroquinolones have been used in research as positive controls. Given that these fluoroquinolones possess variable activities according to their generation, it is necessary to include parent compounds and market available antibiotics of the same class when investigating antimicrobial activity. Herein, we provide a detailed guide on the in vitro biological activity of fluoroquinolones based on experimental results published in the last years. This work permits researchers to compare and analyze potential fluoroquinolones as positive control agents and to evaluate changes occurring in their activities. More importantly, the selection of fluoroquinolones as positive controls by medicinal chemists when investigating novel FQs analogs must be correlated to the laboratory pathogen inquest for reliable results.
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