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Li Z, Liu T, Wang S, Chen T, Wang X, Xu X, Liu Q. Yinhuang buccal tablet alters airway microbiota composition and metabolite profile in healthy humans. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118043. [PMID: 38490289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Perturbations in airway microbiota composition and disruption of microbe-metabolite interactions have been observed in respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs). The Yinhuang (YH) buccal tablet, as an ancient Chinese medicinal formula, has been traditionally employed for the management of upper RIDs. However, there is a lack of evidence for the effects of YH buccal tablets on upper respiratory tract microbiota and circulating metabolites. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in respiratory microbiota composition and circulating metabolite profile after YH buccal tablets administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Throat swab samples and serum samples were collected from 60 healthy subjects for high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rRNA) sequencing and non-targeted Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis. RESULTS Airway microbial composition changed significantly after YH administration. The abundance of Actinomyces and Prevotella_7 increased, while the abundance of potentially pathogenic Pseudomonas and Corynebacterium decreased. A total of 168 significant HMDB taxonomic metabolites were identified in serum samples, of which lipid metabolites accounted for the largest proportion. Correlation analysis showed that circulatory metabolites were significantly correlated with changes in airway microbiota composition. CONCLUSIONS YH buccal tablets can inhibit opportunistic pathogens, increase beneficial microorganisms in the upper respiratory tract, and regulate the body's metabolic pathways. These findings provide insights into the mechanism of action of YH buccal tablets in the treatment and prevention of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxuan Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China; Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Tengwen Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Basic Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610075, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Tengfei Chen
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Xuerui Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China; Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China; Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China; Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100010, China.
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Chen D, Cheng K, Wan L, Cui C, Li G, Zhao D, Yu Y, Liao X, Liu Y, D'Souza AW, Lian X, Sun J. Daily occupational exposure in swine farm alters human skin microbiota and antibiotic resistome. IMETA 2024; 3:e158. [PMID: 38868515 PMCID: PMC10989081 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global public health, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widely distributed across humans, animals, and environment. Farming environments are emerging as a key research area for ARGs and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). While the skin is an important reservoir of ARGs and ARB, transmission mechanisms between farming environments and human skin remain unclear. Previous studies confirmed that swine farm environmental exposures alter skin microbiome, but the timeline of these changes is ill defined. To improve understanding of these changes and to determine the specific time, we designed a cohort study of swine farm workers and students through collected skin and environmental samples to explore the impact of daily occupational exposure in swine farm on human skin microbiome. Results indicated that exposure to livestock-associated environments where microorganisms are richer than school environment can reshape the human skin microbiome and antibiotic resistome. Exposure of 5 h was sufficient to modify the microbiome and ARG structure in workers' skin by enriching microorganisms and ARGs. These changes were preserved once formed. Further analysis indicated that ARGs carried by host microorganisms may transfer between the environment with workers' skin and have the potential to expand to the general population using farm workers as an ARG vector. These results raised concerns about potential transmission of ARGs to the broader community. Therefore, it is necessary to take corresponding intervention measures in the production process to reduce the possibility of ARGs and ARB transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary MedicineSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Veterinary CenterGuangxi State Farms Yongxin Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd.NanningChina
| | - Ke Cheng
- Veterinary CenterGuangxi State Farms Yongxin Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd.NanningChina
| | - Lei Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary MedicineSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Chao‐Yue Cui
- Laboratory Animal CentreWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Gong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary MedicineSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Dong‐Hao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary MedicineSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary MedicineSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Ping Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary MedicineSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Ya‐Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary MedicineSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Alaric W. D'Souza
- Department of PediatricsBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Xin‐Lei Lian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary MedicineSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary MedicineSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
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Gad El-Karim DR, El-Amrawi G, Salama AR. Clinicopathological studies on ulcerative lymphangitis in cattle: Alterations in serum inflammatory cytokines, anti-microbial, organs functions, and oxidative stress-related biomarkers. Open Vet J 2024; 14:25-31. [PMID: 38633174 PMCID: PMC11018400 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Affection with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (C. pseudotuberculosis) and development of cellulitis and/or abscess formation with cutaneous lymphangitis in cattle is rare to some extent, so literature about the biochemical changes that would accompany this infection is rare. Aim In this context, the present study was designed to screen the effect of the infection with C. pseudotuberculosis cutaneous lymphangitis on the release of some immune molecules, organ functions, and redox state in Baladi cows. Methods Fourteen Baladi cows from a small dairy farm in El-Behira, Egypt, were selected to complete this study. After bacteriological culture confirmation, seven of them were found suffering from cutaneous lesions due to infection with C. pseudotuberculosis (Diseased group), while the others were healthy (Healthy group). Serum samples were obtained to evaluate the presumptive changes in some clinicopathological parameters. Results Serum analysis revealed a significant decrease in the levels of interferon-gamma and interleukin-17 as well as a significant decrement in the concentration of beta-defensin (β-defensin) and lipocalin-2. While serum level of interleukin-10 recorded a significant increase in these animals when compared to healthy control animals. Concurrently, the affected animals recorded a significant elevation in serum levels of hepato-cardiac enzymes, urea, and creatinine in addition to disturbance in the serum redox state. Conclusion In conclusion, infection with C. pseudotuberculosis cattle may disturb the defensive immune state, body organ function, and redox state of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina R.S. Gad El-Karim
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Gamal El-Amrawi
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Alyaa R. Salama
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Wang J, Feng J, Jia W, Yuan T, He X, Wu Q, Peng F, Gao W, Yang Z, Tao Y, Li Q. Genomic and phenotypic analysis of a novel clinical isolate of Corynebacterium pyruviciproducens. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:385. [PMID: 38053056 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corynebacterium pyruviciproducens is a recently described species of Corynebacterium. There are few reports on the microbiological characteristics of the new species, and there is a lack of reports on the genomic analysis of the species. RESULTS This study involved a clinical isolate from the pus of a hospital patient with sebaceous gland abscesses. The clinically isolated strain was identified as C. pyruviciproducens strain WYJY-01. In this study, referring to Koch's postulates, we observed the pathological changes of animal models infected by intraperitoneal injection and subcutaneous injection of pure culture of the strain WYJY-01. Furthermore, the strain WYJY-01 was isolated and cultured again from animal models' subcutaneous abscess drainage fluid. Subsequently, the genomics of the strain WYJY-01 was analyzed. By comparing various gene databases, this study predicted the core secondary metabolite gene cluster of the strain WYJY-01, virulence factor genes carried by prophage, pathogenicity islands, and resistance islands. In addition, the genomes of C. pyruviciproducens strain WYJY-01, ATCC BAA-1742 T, and UMB0763 were analyzed by comparative genomics, and the differential genes of strain WYJY-01 were compared, and their functions were analyzed. CONCLUSION The findings showed that the strain WYJY-01 had pathogenicity, supplementing the phenotype characteristics of C. pyruviciproducens. Meanwhile, this research revealed the possible molecular mechanism of the pathogenicity of the strain WYJY-01 at the gene level through whole genome sequence analysis, providing a molecular basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, PR China
- Engineering Research Institute of Precision Medicine Innovation and Transformation of Infections Diseases, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, PR China
| | - Jiajia Feng
- Clinical Laboratory, Weifang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261011, PR China
| | - Wei Jia
- Clinical Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, PR China
| | - Tingxun Yuan
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, PR China
- Engineering Research Institute of Precision Medicine Innovation and Transformation of Infections Diseases, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, PR China
| | - Xinyu He
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, PR China
- Engineering Research Institute of Precision Medicine Innovation and Transformation of Infections Diseases, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, PR China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, PR China
| | - Fujun Peng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, PR China
| | - Zhongfa Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yuanyong Tao
- Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, PR China.
| | - Qian Li
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, PR China.
- Engineering Research Institute of Precision Medicine Innovation and Transformation of Infections Diseases, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, PR China.
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Wang P, Wang J, Wang L, Lv J, Shao Y, He D. High throughput sequencing technology reveals alteration of lower respiratory tract microbiome in severe aspiration pneumonia and its association with inflammation. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 116:105533. [PMID: 37995886 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspiration pneumonia is a common and severe clinical condition. The microbiome present in the lower respiratory tract plays a crucial role in regulating human inflammatory response. However, the relationship between the altered lower respiratory tract microbiome and inflammation in aspiration pneumonia remains inadequately explored. PURPOSE To investigate the alteration of the lower respiratory tract microbiome in severe aspiration pneumonia patients and explore the potential correlation between microbiome components and inflammatory response. METHOD Patients in the severe aspiration pneumonia group and control group were enrolled from the intensive care unit of Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University between December 31, 2020 and August 19, 2021. Sputum specimens were collected from all participants and subsequently subjected to 16S rDNA high throughput sequencing technology. The concentration of inflammatory cytokines in serum was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, and collected data including patients' demographic information, clinical data, and laboratory examination results were recorded for further analysis. RESULTS Alteration in the lower respiratory tract microbiome was observed in severe aspiration pneumonia. Compared to the control group, a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Firmicutes was found at the phylum level (P < 0.01). At the family level, the relative abundance of Corynebacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae increased significantly (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in community diversity of the lower respiratory tract between the two groups. Patients in the severe aspiration pneumonia group exhibited significantly higher levels of inflammation compared to those in the control group. Correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of Corynebacteriaceae was positively correlated with the expression level of IL-1β and IL-18 (P = 0.002, P = 0.02); the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae was negatively correlated with IL-4 (P = 0.011); no other significant correlations have been identified between microbiome and inflammatory indicators thus far (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Alteration of the lower respiratory tract microbiome is critically involved in inflammation and disease progression in severe cases of aspiration pneumonia. The potential inflammation regulation properties of the microbiome hold promising value for developing novel therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Center of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Junming Wang
- Center of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of General Practice, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Jiang Lv
- Department of General Practice, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yiru Shao
- Center of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Daikun He
- Department of General Practice, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China.
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Kuttner H, Pfister S, Moriarty TF, Meier C, Wahl P. Periprosthetic Joint Infection With Actinomyces radingae May Lead to the Identification of a Neglected Source of Intraoperative Contamination. Arthroplast Today 2022; 18:181-184. [PMID: 36405864 PMCID: PMC9672404 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2022.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infection remains a major complication in arthroplasty. We present the first description of a case of periprosthetic joint infection with Actinomyces radingae, microorganism that is mostly found on the skin of the upper body and might cause particular challenges as it is difficult to culture and specify. Furthermore, a thorough microbiologic workup may indicate the source of infection. In this case, it is possible that perspiration from the surgeon was the source of intraoperative contamination. Intraoperative contamination through perspiration may be important and should be avoided by all means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Kuttner
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland.
| | - Stefan Pfister
- Laboratory of Microbiology, HFR Fribourg – Cantonal Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Meier
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wahl
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
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Ray D, Anand U, Jha NK, Korzeniewska E, Bontempi E, Proćków J, Dey A. The soil bacterium, Corynebacterium glutamicum, from biosynthesis of value-added products to bioremediation: A master of many trades. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113622. [PMID: 35710026 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ever since its discovery in 1957, Corynebacterium glutamicum has become a well-established industrial strain and is known for its massive capability of producing various amino acids (like L-lysine and L-glutamate) and other value-added chemicals. With the rising demand for these bio-based products, the revelation of the whole genome sequences of the wild type strains, and the astounding advancements made in the fields of metabolic engineering and systems biology, our perspective of C. glutamicum has been revolutionized and has expanded our understanding of its strain development. With these advancements, a new era for C. glutamicum supremacy in the field of industrial biotechnology began. This led to remarkable progress in the enhancement of tailor-made over-producing strains and further development of the substrate spectrum of the bacterium, to easily accessible, economical, and renewable resources. C. glutamicum has also been metabolically engineered and used in the degradation/assimilation of highly toxic and ubiquitous environmental contaminant, arsenic, present in water or soil. Here, we review the history, current knowledge, progress, achievements, and future trends relating to the versatile metabolic factory, C. glutamicum. This review paper is devoted to C. glutamicum which is one of the leading industrial microbes, and one of the most promising and versatile candidates to be developed. It can be used not only as a platform microorganism to produce different value-added chemicals and recombinant proteins, but also as a tool for bioremediation, allowing to enhance specific properties, for example in situ bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Ray
- Department of Microbiology, St. Aloysius' College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482001, India.
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, The Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India.
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Luo Q, Chen Q, Feng J, Zhang T, Luo L, Chen C, Liu X, Xu N, Qu P. Classification of 27 Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii-Like Isolates Associated with Mastitis in China and Descriptions of C. parakroppenstedtii sp. nov. and C. pseudokroppenstedtii sp. nov. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0137221. [PMID: 35289670 PMCID: PMC9045094 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01372-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium, particularly Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii, has been increasingly recognized as an important pathogen causing mastitis. However, no clear taxonomic, microbiological, or clinical identification for C. kroppenstedtii-related Corynebacterium species is recognized. During the investigation of isolates cultured from female patients with mastitis, 27 lipophilic C. kroppenstedtii-like isolates were obtained from clinical breast specimens from 2017 to 2019 in Guangzhou, China. These isolates were identified by phenotypic characterization, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA, rpoB, and fusA genes, and whole-genome sequencing methods. By phylogenetic analyses, two major clusters were identified that were closely related to C. kroppenstedtii DSM 44385T. Comparative genome analyses suggested that these isolates formed two distinct genospecies within the genus Corynebacterium. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values for the two genospecies were 45.5 to 47.8% between them and 47.4 to 47.7% and 49.9% to C. kroppenstedtii DSM 44385T, respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that these isolates need to be recognized as two new species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which we proposed the names Corynebacterium parakroppenstedtii sp. nov. and Corynebacterium pseudokroppenstedtii sp. nov. The type strain for the novel species Corynebacterium parakroppenstedtii is MC-26T (NBRC 115146T; CCTCC AB 2020210T), and that for Corynebacterium pseudokroppenstedtii is MC-17XT (NBRC 115143T; CCTCC AB 2020199T). IMPORTANCE In this study, we characterized two novel species that were closely related to but hard to distinguish from C. kroppenstedtii by routine identification methods used in clinical laboratories. Since all 27 C. kroppenstedtii-like isolates were obtained from breast specimens of female patients with mastitis, they may be potential pathogens causing mastitis. We hope to perform further epidemiological investigation of these strains and explore their role in mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhui Feng
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Luo
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cha Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Breast Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pinghua Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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9
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Sahu V, Mallika Pathak M, Das P, Ravi A. Corynebacterium jeikeium as an Unusual Cause of Keratitis: A Case Report From a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chhattisgarh, India. Cureus 2021; 13:e20164. [PMID: 35003993 PMCID: PMC8722740 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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10
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Ladaycia A, Passirani C, Lepeltier E. Microbiota and nanoparticles: Description and interactions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 169:220-240. [PMID: 34736984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The healthy human body is inhabited with a large number of bacteria, forming natural flora. It is even estimated that for a human body, its amount of DNA is less important that its bacterial genetic material. This flora plays major roles in the sickness and health of the human body and any change in its composition may lead to different diseases. Nanoparticles are widely used in numerous fields: cosmetics, food, industry, and as drug delivery carrier in the medical field. Being included in these various applications, nanoparticles may interact with the human body at various levels and with different mechanisms. These interactions differ depending on the nanoparticle nature, its structure, its concentration and manifest in different ways on the microbiota, leading to its destabilization, its restoring or showing no toxic effect. Nanoparticles may also be used as a vehicle to regulate the microbiota or to treat some of its diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Ladaycia
- Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles, MINT, UNIV Angers, UMR INSERM 1066, UMR CNRS 6021, Angers, France
| | - Catherine Passirani
- Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles, MINT, UNIV Angers, UMR INSERM 1066, UMR CNRS 6021, Angers, France
| | - Elise Lepeltier
- Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles, MINT, UNIV Angers, UMR INSERM 1066, UMR CNRS 6021, Angers, France.
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11
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Abe M, Kimura M, Maruyama H, Watari T, Ogura S, Takagi S, Uchida N, Otsuka Y, Taniguchi S, Araoka H. Clinical characteristics and drug susceptibility patterns of Corynebacterium species in bacteremic patients with hematological disorders. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 40:2095-2104. [PMID: 33895886 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-021-04257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical and microbiological characteristics of Corynebacterium bacteremia in hematological patients. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with Corynebacterium bacteremia from April 2013 to June 2018. The causative Corynebacterium species were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Drug susceptibility tests were performed using the broth microdilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. In total, 147 cases of Corynebacterium bacteremia were identified during the study period. Corynebacterium striatum was the most frequent pathogen. Catheter-related bloodstream infection was diagnosed in 19.7% of all patients, and moderate/severe oral or severe gastrointestinal mucosal impairment was detected in 19.7%. Polymicrobial infection was found in about 20% of cases, with Enterococcus faecium being the most frequent isolate. The overall 30-day mortality was 34.7% (51/147). Multivariate analysis showed that E. faecium co-infection (odds ratio (OR) 9.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1-40), systemic corticosteroids (OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.4-8.9), other immunosuppressive drugs (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.13-0.76), and a Pitt bacteremia score ≥4 (OR 12; 95% CI 3.9-40) were significant risk factors for overall 30-day mortality. The drug susceptibility rates for beta-lactam antimicrobial agents were quite low. All isolates were susceptible to glycopeptides and linezolid. However, some C. striatum isolates were resistant to daptomycin. Corynebacterium bacteremia can occur in the presence of several types of mucosal impairment. Our drug susceptibility data indicate that Corynebacterium bacteremia in hematological patients could be treated by glycopeptides or linezolid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Abe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan.
| | - Muneyoshi Kimura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Maruyama
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Watari
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sho Ogura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan
| | | | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Otsuka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Araoka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan.,Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Lefèvre CR, Pelletier R, Le Monnier A, Corvec S, Bille E, Potron A, Fihman V, Farfour E, Amara M, Degand N, Barraud O, Cattoir V, For The Gmc Study Group. Clinical relevance and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the unknown human pathogen Corynebacterium aurimucosum. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 33734955 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Even though Corynebacterium aurimucosum has been described in 2002, this species has long been underestimated due to the unreliability of conventional identification methods and only a few cases of infections have been reported.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Little is known about clinical significance and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of this uncommon species.Aim. To evaluate the clinical relevance of C. aurimucosum and its antimicrobial susceptibility profile.Methodology. All C. aurimucosum isolates, collected from 2010 to 2019 in 10 French university hospitals, were retrospectively included. Demographic, clinical and microbiological data were collected for all cases. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the 2019 EUCAST guidelines.Results. Fifty-seven clinical isolates of C. aurimucosum were collected in 57 patients (median age, 65.8 years; male/female sex ratio, 1.1), mostly from urine (28 %), blood culture (28 %) and bone/synovial fluid (19 %) samples. Of them, 14 cases of infection were confirmed, mainly bone and joint infections (50 %) followed by urinary tract infections (UTIs) (21 %), bacteremia (14 %), skin and soft-tissue infections (14 %). C. aurimucosum was recovered in pure culture in 36 % of cases (UTIs and bacteremia) while mixed cultures were observed for other infections. By testing 52 clinical isolates in vitro, this species appeared to be fully susceptible to linezolid and vancomycin while most isolates (>80 %) were susceptible to amoxicillin (MIC90, 2 µg ml-1), gentamicin, tetracycline and rifampicin. Both cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin seemed to have a limited activity (ca. 50 % of susceptible strains). The MIC distribution for ciprofloxacin showed a bimodal profile with a population of highly-resistant strains with MICs >2 µg ml-1. Most isolates (>90 %) were categorized as resistant to penicillin G and clindamycin.Conclusion. C. aurimucosum should be considered as an actual opportunistic pathogen, and treatment with amoxicillin, vancomycin or linezolid should be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Lefèvre
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène hospitalière, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Romain Pelletier
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène hospitalière, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Alban Le Monnier
- Service de Microbiologie Clinique, GH Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Corvec
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène hospitalière, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Bille
- Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Potron
- Service de Bactériologie, CHRU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Vincent Fihman
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Eric Farfour
- Service de Bactériologie, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - Marlène Amara
- Service de Biologie, Unité de Microbiologie, CH de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | | | - Olivier Barraud
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Vincent Cattoir
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène hospitalière, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
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13
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Mouton Y, Dubreuil L. In Vitro Antibiotic Testing and Its Relationship to Clinical Activity. J Chemother 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.1997.12113194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Mouton
- Service Regional Universitaire des Maladies Infectieuses et du Voyageur, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, 135 rue du Président Coty, B.P. 619 - 59208 Tourcoing, France. Tel. ; fax.
| | - L. Dubreuil
- Service Regional Universitaire des Maladies Infectieuses et du Voyageur, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, 135 rue du Président Coty, B.P. 619 - 59208 Tourcoing, France. Tel. ; fax.
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14
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Van de Perre E, Reichman G, De Geyter D, Geers C, Wissing KM, Letavernier E. Encrusted Uropathy: A Comprehensive Overview-To the Bottom of the Crust. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:609024. [PMID: 33553205 PMCID: PMC7858656 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.609024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Encrusted uropathy is a rare subacute to chronic inflammatory disorder caused by infection with urease-producing bacteria, mainly Corynebacterium urealyticum. The disorder is characterized by urothelial deposition of struvite and carbonated apatite, resulting in encrustations and ulceronecrotic inflammation of the urothelium and surrounding tissues. Most commonly, encrusted uropathy is encountered in patients with predisposing conditions. The disease remains underdiagnosed. High urinary pH and negative conventional urine cultures should raise suspicion of the diagnosis. Prognosis is dependent on timely diagnosis and treatment installment, which consists of urological removal of encrustations in combination with urinary acidification and long-term antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Van de Perre
- Nephrology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gina Reichman
- Urology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Deborah De Geyter
- Microbiology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Geers
- Pathology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karl M Wissing
- Nephrology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1155, Paris, France
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15
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Ekman L, Bagge E, Nyman A, Persson Waller K, Pringle M, Segerman B. A shotgun metagenomic investigation of the microbiota of udder cleft dermatitis in comparison to healthy skin in dairy cows. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242880. [PMID: 33264351 PMCID: PMC7710049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Udder cleft dermatitis (UCD) is a skin condition affecting the fore udder attachment of dairy cows. UCD may be defined as mild (eczematous skin changes) or severe (open wounds, large skin changes). Our aims were to compare the microbiota of mild and severe UCD lesions with the microbiota of healthy skin from the fore udder attachment of control cows, and to investigate whether mastitis-causing pathogens are present in UCD lesions. Samples were obtained from cows in six dairy herds. In total, 36 UCD samples categorized as mild (n = 17) or severe (n = 19) and 13 control samples were sequenced using a shotgun metagenomic approach and the reads were taxonomically classified based on their k-mer content. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the abundance of different taxa between different sample types, as well as to compare the bacterial diversity between samples. A high proportion of bacteria was seen in all samples. Control samples had a higher proportion of archaeal reads, whereas most samples had low proportions of fungi, protozoa and viruses. The bacterial microbiota differed between controls and mild and severe UCD samples in both composition and diversity. Subgroups of UCD samples were visible, characterized by increased proportion of one or a few bacterial genera or species, e.g. Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Brevibacterium luteolum, Trueperella pyogenes and Fusobacterium necrophorum. Bifidobacterium spp. were more common in controls compared to UCD samples. The bacterial diversity was higher in controls compared to UCD samples. Bacteria commonly associated with mastitis were uncommon. In conclusion, a dysbiosis of the microbiota of mild and severe UCD samples was seen, characterized by decreased diversity and an increased proportion of certain bacteria. There was no evidence of a specific pathogen causing UCD or that UCD lesions are important reservoirs for mastitis-causing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ekman
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Bagge
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann Nyman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Växa Sverige, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Persson Waller
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Märit Pringle
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Segerman
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Rivera AJ, Tyx RE, Keong LM, Stanfill SB, Watson CH. Microbial communities and gene contributions in smokeless tobacco products. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10613-10629. [PMID: 33180172 PMCID: PMC7849185 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco products (STP) contain bacteria, mold, and fungi due to exposure from surrounding environments and tobacco processing. This has been a cause for concern since the presence of microorganisms has been linked to the formation of highly carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines. These communities have also been reported to produce toxins and other pro-inflammatory molecules that can cause mouth lesions and elicit inflammatory responses in STP users. Moreover, microbial species in these products could transfer to the mouth and gastrointestinal tract, potentially altering the established respective microbiotas of the consumer. Here, we present the first metagenomic analysis of select smokeless tobacco products, specifically US domestic moist and dry snuff. Bacterial, eukaryotic, and viral species were found in all tobacco products where 68% of the total species was comprised of Bacteria with 3 dominant phyla but also included 32% Eukarya and 1% share abundance for Archaea and Viruses. Furthermore, 693,318 genes were found to be present and included nitrate and nitrite reduction and transport enzymes, antibiotic resistance genes associated with resistance to vancomycin, β-lactamases, their derivatives, and other antibiotics, as well as genes encoding multi-drug transporters and efflux pumps. Additional analyses showed the presence of endo- and exotoxin genes in addition to other molecules associated with inflammatory responses. Our results present a novel aspect of the smokeless tobacco microbiome and provide a better understanding of these products' microbiology. KEY POINTS: • The findings presented will help understand microbial contributions to overall STP chemistries. • Gene function categorization reveals harmful constituents outside canonical forms. • Pathway genes for TSNA precursor activity may occur at early stages of production. • Bacteria in STPs carry antibiotic resistance genes and gene transfer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Rivera
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE MS 110-03, Atlanta, GA, 30341-3717, USA.
| | - R E Tyx
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE MS 110-03, Atlanta, GA, 30341-3717, USA
| | - L M Keong
- Battelle Analytical Services, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S B Stanfill
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE MS 110-03, Atlanta, GA, 30341-3717, USA
| | - C H Watson
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE MS 110-03, Atlanta, GA, 30341-3717, USA
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17
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Frog Skin-Derived Peptides Against Corynebacterium jeikeium: Correlation between Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080448. [PMID: 32722535 PMCID: PMC7459541 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium jeikeium is a commensal bacterium that colonizes human skin, and it is part of the normal bacterial flora. In non-risk subjects, it can be the cause of bad body smell due to the generation of volatile odorous metabolites, especially in the wet parts of the body that this bacterium often colonizes (i.e., groin and axillary regions). Importantly, in the last few decades, there have been increasing cases of serious infections provoked by this bacterium, especially in immunocompromised or hospitalized patients who have undergone installation of prostheses or catheters. The ease in developing resistance to commonly-used antibiotics (i.e., glycopeptides) has made the search for new antimicrobial compounds of clinical importance. Here, for the first time, we characterize the antimicrobial activity of some selected frog skin-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) against C. jeikeium by determining their minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) by a microdilution method. The results highlight esculentin-1b(1-18) [Esc(1-18)] and esculentin-1a(1-21) [Esc(1-21)] as the most active AMPs with MIC and MBC of 4-8 and 0.125-0.25 µM, respectively, along with a non-toxic profile after a short- and long-term (40 min and 24 h) treatment of mammalian cells. Overall, these findings indicate the high potentiality of Esc(1-18) and Esc(1-21) as (i) alternative antimicrobials against C. jeikeium infections and/or as (ii) additives in cosmetic products (creams, deodorants) to reduce the production of bad body odor.
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18
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Infection and colonization by Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum: a 9-year observational study in a university central hospital. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:1745-1752. [PMID: 32367215 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite constituting part of the human commensal flora, Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum has been recognized as a potentially infectious agent, most frequently in immunocompromised patients or individuals with other morbidity factors, but significant association to comorbid states remains unproven. This study's purpose was to assess clinical significance, risk factors for infection and antimicrobial susceptibility of C. pseudodiphtheriticum isolates. A retrospective observational study was conducted. Relevance of isolation was determined by clinical, laboratory, and imaging criteria. Forty-nine isolates occurred in 47 episodes. Colonization was assumed in 12% and infection in 78%, of which 51% were nosocomial. Patients with infection were older, with male predominance; both age and gender were statistically significant (p < 0.05) between infection and colonization groups. Although dyslipidemia (58%), arterial hypertension (58%), invasive procedures (56%), and chronic lung disease (50%) were prevalent in the infection group, no comorbidity was a significant risk factor for infection compared with colonization. Charlson comorbidity index showed no statistically difference between groups. Mortality rate was 14% in infection. Respiratory samples were the main isolation product; all tested strains were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate and vancomycin. Resistant strains were observed for clindamycin (77%) and erythromycin (48%). C. pseudodiphtheriticum isolation was associated with infection in most cases. Despite the high prevalence of comorbidities and invasive procedures, no factors other than age and gender were significantly associated with infection. Although C. pseudodiphtheriticum may constitute a contaminant or colonizer in clinical samples, positive cultures in patients with signs and symptoms consistent with infection should not be neglected.
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19
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Ellis JC, Ross RP, Hill C. Nisin Z and lacticin 3147 improve efficacy of antibiotics against clinically significant bacteria. Future Microbiol 2020; 14:1573-1587. [PMID: 32019322 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine if bacteriocins improve antibiotic efficacy. Materials & methods: Deferred antagonism assays identified bacteriocins with activity. Growth curves and time kill assays demonstrated bactericidal activity of antimicrobial combinations, and checkerboard assays confirmed synergy. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected porcine skin model determined ex vivo efficacy. Results: Subinhibitory concentrations of lacticin with penicillin or vancomycin resulted in complete growth inhibition of strains and the improved inhibitory effect was apparent after 1 h. Nisin with methicillin proved more effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus than either antimicrobial alone, revealing partial synergy and significantly reduced pathogen numbers on porcine skin after 3 h compared with minimal inhibition for either antimicrobial alone. Conclusion: Nisin Z and lacticin 3147 may support the use of certain antibiotics and revive ineffective antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reynolds P Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
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20
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Benabdelkader S, Boxberger M, Lo CI, Aboudharam G, La Scola B, Fenollar F. Corynebacterium dentalis sp. nov., a new bacterium isolated from dental plaque of a woman with periodontitis. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 33:100625. [PMID: 31908782 PMCID: PMC6939014 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain Marseille-P4122T is a new species from the order Corynebacteriales that was isolated from the dental plaque of a woman with periodontitis. It is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium. Strain Marseille-P4122T exhibited a 98.19% sequence identity with Corynebacterium suicordis strain P81/02, the phylogenetically closely related species with standing in nomenclature. The draft genome size of strain Marseille-P4122T is 2.49 Mb with 60.1% G + C content. We propose that strain Marseille-P4122T (=CSURP4122) is the type strain of the new species Corynebacterium dentalis sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Benabdelkader
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEФI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - M Boxberger
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEФI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - C I Lo
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - G Aboudharam
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEФI, Marseille, France.,UFR Odontologie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - B La Scola
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEФI, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - F Fenollar
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
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21
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Whole-Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium xerosis Strain GS1, Isolated from Yak in Gansu Province, China. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/37/e00556-19. [PMID: 31515333 PMCID: PMC6742784 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00556-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the isolation, sequencing of the complete closed genome, and annotation of Corynebacterium xerosis strain GS1. This strain was isolated from the liver lesion of a yak in Gansu Province, China. The genome consists of one chromosome with 2,738,835 bp and comprises 2,304 protein-coding genes. We report here the isolation, sequencing of the complete closed genome, and annotation of Corynebacterium xerosis strain GS1. This strain was isolated from the liver lesion of a yak in Gansu Province, China. The genome consists of one chromosome with 2,738,835 bp and comprises 2,304 protein-coding genes.
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Monomicrobial bone and joint infection due to Corynebacterium striatum: literature review and amoxicillin-rifampin combination as treatment perspective. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1269-1278. [PMID: 30903537 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium striatum is a ubiquitous colonizer of human skin and mucous membranes. It is increasingly involved in infections, especially with prosthetic devices or in immunocompromised individuals. Microbiological diagnosis is challenging and bacterial resistance is a major concern. We performed a retrospective study of monomicrobial bone and joint infections (BJI) due to C. striatum in two referral centers from April 2012 to July 2017. We collected the patients' clinical and microbiological characteristics and outcomes. We also performed a literature review of BJI due to C. striatum. We identified 12 cases (nine prosthetic joint infections, one osteosynthetic device infection, one non-union, and one arthritis) in 11 patients, five of which were immunocompromised. Microbiological diagnosis was performed with prolonged culture media. Ten out of 12 strains were susceptible to aminopenicillin, a drug class not recommended for testing by the EUCAST/CASFM guidelines, and 8/12 patients were treated with amoxicillin-rifampicin. The cure rate was 8/12, after a median follow-up period of 487.5 days (IQR 140.3-1348.5). Twelve cases of BJI due to C. striatum were previously reported. Among them, 5/12 patients were immunocompromised, 3/12 cases were acute BJI, and 2/12 were device-related infections. The diagnosis was performed by PCR in one case, and 10/12 patients were treated with glycolipopeptides, with a cure rate of 11/12. We report the largest cohort of monomicrobial BJI with C. striatum. Determination of aminopenicillin susceptibility is essential since it is frequently active in our experience, even in BJI. The cure rate of this infection seems high.
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Maurey C, Boulouis HJ, Canonne-Guibert M, Benchekroun G. Clinical description of Corynebacterium urealyticum urinary tract infections in 11 dogs and 10 cats. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:239-246. [PMID: 30653665 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the clinical signs, laboratory findings, possible predisposing factors, antimicrobial sensitivity and outcomes of dogs and cats diagnosed with urinary tract infection caused by Corynebacterium urealyticum. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective, observational study of dogs and cats that were diagnosed with urinary tract infection caused by C. urealyticum. RESULTS This report concerns a total of 11 dogs and 10 cats. All cats had a history of urethral catheterisation, and six cats had undergone urological surgery before diagnosis of this specific infection. Dogs had history of neurogenic urinary incontinence (n=5), urethral catheterisation (n=4), urological surgery (n=4), lower urinary tract disease (n=2) or prostatic disease (n=1). In seven animals, previous urine culture was negative. Median urine pH was 8.6 (interquartile range 7.5 to 9), and 19 animals had pyuria and struvite crystalluria. Encrusted cystitis was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound in nine animals. All but one isolate were resistant to at least three antimicrobial classes. Thirteen isolates were sensitive to tetracyclines. There was bacterial and clinical resolution of the infection in nine dogs and seven cats. Two animals died from sepsis and two cats were euthanased because of clinical deterioration. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Urinary tract infection caused by C. urealyticum should be suspected in animals with pre-existing urinary disorders, especially if urine is alkaline and there is struvite crystalluria, negative routine urine culture and encrusted cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Maurey
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité de Médecine Interne, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France
| | - H-J Boulouis
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BioPôle Alfort, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France
| | - M Canonne-Guibert
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité de Médecine Interne, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France
| | - G Benchekroun
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité de Médecine Interne, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France
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Yang K, Kruse RL, Lin WV, Musher DM. Corynebacteria as a cause of pulmonary infection: a case series and literature review. Pneumonia (Nathan) 2018; 10:10. [PMID: 30324081 PMCID: PMC6173903 DOI: 10.1186/s41479-018-0054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In most cases of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), an etiologic agent is not determined; the most common report from the microbiological evaluation of sputum cites “normal respiratory flora.” Non-diphtheria Corynebacterium spp., a component of this flora, is commonly viewed as a contaminant, but it may be the cause of pneumonia and the frequency with which it causes CAP may be underestimated. Case presentations This report present 3 cases of CAP in which Corynebacterium spp. was clearly the predominant isolate; identification was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Two cases were caused by C. propinquum and one by C. striatum. Two patients had a tracheostomy and one was on hemodialysis. Patients who received an appropriate antibiotic responded well. Conclusion When identified as the predominant isolate in sputum from a patient with CAP, Corynebacterium spp. should be considered as a potential cause of the infection. In cases with patients who have compromised airway clearance or who are immunocompromised, microaspiration may be responsible. While some Corynebacterium spp. are suspectible to antibiotics usually prescribed for CAP, others are susceptible only to vancomycin or aminoglycosides. Vancomycin is thus the appropriate empiric antibiotic, pending speciation and susceptibility test results. The number of reported cases with result of antibiotic susceptibility testing, however, remains limited, and further investigation is needed. Non-diphtheria Corynebacterium spp. represent a noteworthy clinical cause of pneumonia. Identification by Gram stain and as a predominant organism on culture demands careful consideration for management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Weijie V Lin
- 1Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Daniel M Musher
- 1Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA.,2Infectious Disease Section, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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Comparison between disk diffusion and agar dilution methods to determine in vitro susceptibility of Corynebacterium spp. clinical isolates and update of their susceptibility. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 14:246-252. [PMID: 29782954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although Corynebacterium spp. are part of the microbiota of the skin and mucous membranes, human infections caused by Corynebacterium spp. have been reported and the multidrug resistance pattern of the recovered isolates was emphasised. Due to the usefulness of disk diffusion in daily practice, the purpose of this study was to compare disk diffusion with agar dilution to determine disk diffusion breakpoints and to review the antimicrobial susceptibility of the most frequent Corynebacterium spp. isolated in clinical samples. METHODS Susceptibility to 20 antimicrobial agents of 143 Corynebacterium spp. isolates recovered from relevant clinical samples was determined. Comparison between the disk diffusion and agar dilution methods for eight antimicrobial agents was performed to establish new breakpoints using simple linear regression analysis. RESULTS All of the isolates tested were susceptible to vancomycin, minocycline and linezolid. A typical susceptibility profile to β-lactam antibiotics among the different species included was not observed. Almost all isolates showed resistance to macrolides and lincosamides. Using a simple linear regression method, it was possible to establish breakpoints for penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. However, the low correlation coefficient obtained for vancomycin, minocycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole did not allow establishment of breakpoints for the disk diffusion method. CONCLUSION The disk diffusion method could only be used to evaluate susceptibility to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. These data show that the presence of a Corynebacterium spp. isolate in a clinical sample demands the performance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing since the susceptibility profile is not predictable.
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Identification and characterization of smallest pore-forming protein in the cell wall of pathogenic Corynebacterium urealyticum DSM 7109. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 19:3. [PMID: 29743008 PMCID: PMC5944148 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-018-0093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Corynebacterium urealyticum, a pathogenic, multidrug resistant member of the mycolata, is known as causative agent of urinary tract infections although it is a bacterium of the skin flora. This pathogenic bacterium shares with the mycolata the property of having an unusual cell envelope composition and architecture, typical for the genus Corynebacterium. The cell wall of members of the mycolata contains channel-forming proteins for the uptake of solutes. Results In this study, we provide novel information on the identification and characterization of a pore-forming protein in the cell wall of C. urealyticum DSM 7109. Detergent extracts of whole C. urealyticum cultures formed in lipid bilayer membranes slightly cation-selective pores with a single-channel conductance of 1.75 nS in 1 M KCl. Experiments with different salts and non-electrolytes suggested that the cell wall pore of C. urealyticum is wide and water-filled and has a diameter of about 1.8 nm. Molecular modelling and dynamics has been performed to obtain a model of the pore. For the search of the gene coding for the cell wall pore of C. urealyticum we looked in the known genome of C. urealyticum for a similar chromosomal localization of the porin gene to known porH and porA genes of other Corynebacterium strains. Three genes are located between the genes coding for GroEL2 and polyphosphate kinase (PKK2). Two of the genes (cur_1714 and cur_1715) were expressed in different constructs in C. glutamicum ΔporAΔporH and in porin-deficient BL21 DE3 Omp8 E. coli strains. The results suggested that the gene cur_1714 codes alone for the cell wall channel. The cell wall porin of C. urealyticum termed PorACur was purified to homogeneity using different biochemical methods and had an apparent molecular mass of about 4 kDa on tricine-containing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Conclusions Biophysical characterization of the purified protein (PorACur) suggested indeed that cur_1714 is the gene coding for the pore-forming protein in C. urealyticum because the protein formed in lipid bilayer experiments the same pores as the detergent extract of whole cells. The study is the first report of a cell wall channel in the pathogenic C. urealyticum.
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Hahne J, Kloster T, Rathmann S, Weber M, Lipski A. Isolation and characterization of Corynebacterium spp. from bulk tank raw cow's milk of different dairy farms in Germany. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194365. [PMID: 29617406 PMCID: PMC5884509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We detected Corynebacterium spp. in raw milk samples of three farms by means of a selective, tellurite-containing medium. The isolated strains were identified based on full 16S rRNA gene sequences and partial rpoB gene sequences as C. xerosis, C. variabile, C. lactis, C. callunae, C. confusum, C. glutamicum and C. crudilactis. The identification based on 16S rRNA and rpoB sequences was not reliable for isolates of C. xerosis. Chemotaxonomic markers of the isolates, fatty acids, acyl type of peptidoglycan, presence and length of mycolic acids, quinone patterns, and polar lipids, were in accord with the known characteristics of these species. Biochemical profiles, analyzed with the API Coryne system, were able to differentiate all groups, but were unable to identify the strains due to an inappropriate database for raw-milk associated corynebacteria. Most of the tested isolates showed a single-substance resistance against oxacillin, but three single isolates were classified as multidrug resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hahne
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Institution of Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Tabea Kloster
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Institution of Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Sandra Rathmann
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Institution of Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Mareike Weber
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Institution of Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - André Lipski
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Institution of Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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Almeida S, Dorneles EMS, Diniz C, Abreu V, Sousa C, Alves J, Carneiro A, Bagano P, Spier S, Barh D, Lage AP, Figueiredo H, Azevedo V. Quadruplex PCR assay for identification of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis differentiating biovar Ovis and Equi. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:290. [PMID: 28946887 PMCID: PMC5613524 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is classified into two biovars, nitrate-negative biovar Ovis which is the etiologic agent of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants and nitrate-positive biovar Equi, which causes abscesses and ulcerative lymphangitis in equines. The aim of this study was to develop a quadruplex PCR assay that would allow simultaneous detection and biovar-typing of C. pseudotuberculosis. METHODS In the present study, genomes of C. pseudotuberculosis strains were used to identify the genes involved in the nitrate reduction pathway to improve a species identification three-primer multiplex PCR assay. The nitrate reductase gene (narG) was included in the PCR assay along with the 16S, rpoB and pld genes to enhance the diagnosis of the multiplex PCR at biovar level. RESULTS A novel quadruplex PCR assay for C. pseudotuberculosis species and biovar identification was developed. The results of the quadruplex PCR of 348 strains, 346 previously well-characterized clinical isolates of C. pseudotuberculosis from different hosts (goats, sheep, horse, cattle, buffalo, llamas and humans), the vaccine strain 1002 and the type strain ATCC 19410T, were compared to the results of nitrate reductase identification by biochemical test. The McNemar's Chi-squared test used to compare the two methods used for C. pseudotuberculosis biovar identification showed no significant difference (P = 0.75) [95% CI for odds ratio (0.16-6.14)] between the quadruplex PCR and the nitrate biochemical test. Concordant results were observed for 97.13% (338 / 348) of the tested strains and the kappa value was 0.94 [95% CI (0.90-0.98)]. CONCLUSIONS The ability of the quadruplex assay to discriminate between C. pseudotuberculosis biovar Ovis and Equi strains enhances its usefulness in the clinical microbiology laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sintia Almeida
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Elaine M. S. Dorneles
- Escola de Veterinária, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Carlos Diniz
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG Brazil
| | - Vinícius Abreu
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP Brazil
| | - Cassiana Sousa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Jorianne Alves
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA Brazil
| | - Adriana Carneiro
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA Brazil
| | - Priscilla Bagano
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Sharon Spier
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA USA
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, WB India
| | - Andrey P. Lage
- Escola de Veterinária, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Henrique Figueiredo
- Aquacen - National Reference Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Diseases, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
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Bazzi AM, Al-Tawfiq JA, Rabaan AA. Misinterpretation of Gram Stain from the Stationary Growth Phase of Positive Blood Cultures for Brucella and Acinetobacter Species. Open Microbiol J 2017; 11:126-131. [PMID: 28839492 PMCID: PMC5543624 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801711010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii and Brucella species are Gram-negative organisms that are vulnerable to misinterpretation as Gram-positive or Gram-variable in blood cultures. Objective: We assess the random errors in gram stain interpretation to reduce the likelihood of such errors and therefore patient harm. Methodology: Aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures from two patients in an acute care facility in Saudi Arabia were subjected to preliminary Gram-staining. In case 1, VITEK-2 Anaerobe Identification, repeat Gram staining from a blood agar plate, Remel BactiDrop™ Oxidase test, Urea Agar urease test and real-time PCR were used to confirm presence of Brucella and absence of Coryneform species. In case 2, repeat Gram- staining from the plate and the vials, VITEK-2 Gram-Negative Identification, real-time PCR and subculture on to Columbia agar, blood agar, and MacConkey agar were carried out to identify A. baumannii. Results: In case 1, initially pleomorphic Gram-positive bacteria were identified. Coryneform species were suspected. Tiny growth was observed after 24 h on blood agar plates, and good growth by 48 h. Presence of Brucella species was ultimately confirmed. In case 2, preliminary Gram-stain results suggested giant Gram-positive oval cocci. Further testing over 18-24 h identified A. baumannii. Conclusions: Oxidase test from the plate and urease test from the culture vial is recommended after apparent identification of pleomorphic Gram-positive bacilli from blood culture, once tiny growth is observed, to distinguish Brucella from Corynebacterium species. If giant Gram-positive oval cocci are indicated by preliminary Gram-staining, it is recommended that the Gram stain be repeated from the plate after 4-6 h, or culture should be tested in Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) medium and the Gram stain repeated after 2-4 h incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Bazzi
- Microbiology Lab, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Lab, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Tanrıverdi Y, Korkmaz F, Birinci A. Hastanemizde 2014-2017 yıllarında üreyen Corynebacterium izolatlarının değerlendirilmesi. KOCAELI ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2017. [DOI: 10.30934/kusbed.319802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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D'Arezzo S, Mazzarelli A, Venditti C, Nisii C, Petrosillo N, De Giuli C, Vulcano A, Paglia MG, Bordi E, Di Caro A, Taglietti F. Ceftaroline Plus Ampicillin Against Gram-Positive Organisms: Results from E-Test Synergy Assays. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 23:507-515. [PMID: 27526275 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In an era of increasing drug resistance and limited numbers of antimicrobials in the drug production pipeline, healthcare-associated infections represent a growing public health threat. When therapeutic options are limited, clinicians often resort to using antimicrobial combinations that produce a synergistic effect on the target pathogen. Novel antibiotics are therefore welcome in the daily practice of medicine. For example, ceftaroline is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin active against a variety of bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, but with limited activity against enterococci, particularly Enterococcus faecium. In this study, we tested the efficacy of ceftaroline against clinical isolates of gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and E. faecium) by the broth microdilution and E-test assays, and then evaluated the synergistic effect of ceftaroline and ampicillin using the E-test method. The time-kill assay was used to confirm the data on selected strains. This drug combination has been recently shown to be effective against E. faecalis and could offer the advantage of cost-effectiveness (compared to other synergistic associations) as well as good tolerability. The E-test was chosen because of its relative simplicity of use that makes it suitable for routine clinical laboratories as a quick tool to guide clinicians when confronted with difficult-to-treat infections that may require an empirical approach. Our results indicate the presence of a synergistic effect of ceftaroline and ampicillin on most of the strains used, especially E. faecium and E. faecalis. The fact that two of those Enterococcus strains were vancomycin resistant suggests that the possible use of this combination for combating the spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia D'Arezzo
- "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS , Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Mazzarelli
- "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS , Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Venditti
- "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS , Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Nisii
- "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS , Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Petrosillo
- "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS , Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara De Giuli
- "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS , Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Vulcano
- "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS , Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Paglia
- "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS , Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Bordi
- "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS , Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Caro
- "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS , Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Taglietti
- "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS , Rome, Italy
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Larrondo J, Porte L, Gosch M, Cabrera R, Weitzel T. Trichobacteriosis axillaris caused byDermabacter hominis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:e267-e268. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Larrondo
- Department of Dermatology; Clínica Alemana de Santiago; Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana; Universidad del Desarrollo; Santiago Chile
| | - L. Porte
- Clinical Laboratory; Clínica Alemana de Santiago; Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana; Universidad del Desarrollo; Santiago Chile
| | - M. Gosch
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital del Salvador; Santiago Chile
| | - R. Cabrera
- Department of Dermatology; Clínica Alemana de Santiago; Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana; Universidad del Desarrollo; Santiago Chile
| | - T. Weitzel
- Clinical Laboratory; Clínica Alemana de Santiago; Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana; Universidad del Desarrollo; Santiago Chile
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Wesener DA, Levengood MR, Kiessling LL. Comparing Galactan Biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Corynebacterium diphtheriae. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:2944-2955. [PMID: 28039359 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.759340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The suborder Corynebacterineae encompasses species like Corynebacterium glutamicum, which has been harnessed for industrial production of amino acids, as well as Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which cause devastating human diseases. A distinctive component of the Corynebacterineae cell envelope is the mycolyl-arabinogalactan (mAG) complex. The mAG is composed of lipid mycolic acids, and arabinofuranose (Araf) and galactofuranose (Galf) carbohydrate residues. Elucidating microbe-specific differences in mAG composition could advance biotechnological applications and lead to new antimicrobial targets. To this end, we compare and contrast galactan biosynthesis in C. diphtheriae and M. tuberculosis In each species, the galactan is constructed from uridine 5'-diphosphate-α-d-galactofuranose (UDP-Galf), which is generated by the enzyme UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM or Glf). UGM and the galactan are essential in M. tuberculosis, but their importance in Corynebacterium species was not known. We show that small molecule inhibitors of UGM impede C. glutamicum growth, suggesting that the galactan is critical in corynebacteria. Previous cell wall analysis data suggest the galactan polymer is longer in mycobacterial species than corynebacterial species. To explore the source of galactan length variation, a C. diphtheriae ortholog of the M. tuberculosis carbohydrate polymerase responsible for the bulk of galactan polymerization, GlfT2, was produced, and its catalytic activity was evaluated. The C. diphtheriae GlfT2 gave rise to shorter polysaccharides than those obtained with the M. tuberculosis GlfT2. These data suggest that GlfT2 alone can influence galactan length. Our results provide tools, both small molecule and genetic, for probing and perturbing the assembly of the Corynebacterineae cell envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew R Levengood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Laura L Kiessling
- From the Department of Biochemistry and .,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Cresci M, Ibrahima Lo C, Khelaifia S, Mouelhi D, Delerce J, Di Pinto F, Michelle C, Fournier PE, Raoult D, Lagier JC, Moal V. Corynebacterium phoceense sp. nov., strain MC1 T a new bacterial species isolated from human urine. New Microbes New Infect 2016; 14:73-82. [PMID: 27766158 PMCID: PMC5065646 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium phoceense strain MC1 (= CSUR P1905 = DSM 100570) is a novel Corynebacterium species isolated from the urine of a kidney transplant recipient as a part of a culturomics study. Corynebacterium phoceense is a Gram-positive, sporogenous, strictly aerobic, and nonmotile coccobacillus. Here we describe strain MC1 and provide its complete annotated genome sequence according to the taxonogenomics concept. Its genome is 2 793 568 bp long and contains 2575 protein-coding genes and 67 RNA genes, including eight rRNA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Cresci
- URMITE, UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198, Aix-Marseille Université, France
| | | | - S. Khelaifia
- URMITE, UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198, Aix-Marseille Université, France
| | - D. Mouelhi
- URMITE, UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198, Aix-Marseille Université, France
| | - J. Delerce
- URMITE, UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198, Aix-Marseille Université, France
| | - F. Di Pinto
- URMITE, UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198, Aix-Marseille Université, France
| | - C. Michelle
- URMITE, UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198, Aix-Marseille Université, France
| | - P.-E. Fournier
- URMITE, UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198, Aix-Marseille Université, France
| | - D. Raoult
- URMITE, UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198, Aix-Marseille Université, France
| | - J.-C. Lagier
- URMITE, UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198, Aix-Marseille Université, France
| | - V. Moal
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
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Boynosky NA, Stokking LB. Retrospective Evaluation of Canine Dermatitis Secondary to Corynebacterium spp. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2016; 51:372-9. [PMID: 26535455 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium species are considered nonpathogenic in canine dermatitis; however, potential clinical significance has been demonstrated in canine otitis externa and from a dog bite wound in a human. Objectives of this study were to identify the predominant Corynebacterium species present in lesions of canine dermatitis, assess pathogenic role, determine antimicrobial susceptibility, and evaluate clinical response. Of 37 isolates identified as Corynebacterium, 31 were Corynebacterium auriscanis . Most Corynebacterium isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol (97%), tetracyclines (92%), and amikacin (89%); isolate susceptibilities to β-lactams, trimethoprim-sulfonamides, and fluoroquinolones were <50%. Most cultures grew mixed populations of bacteria; C. auriscanis was the only organism isolated in three patients. At recheck, 2-8 wk after initial presentation, pleomorphic rods were absent or significantly decreased in all patients. Two of three C. auriscanis isolates were obtained in pure culture and were evaluable, meaning patient had an initial exam and recheck examination. Both patients were already on antimicrobials to which C. auriscanis was resistant in vitro. Both improved after doxycycline administration. C. auriscanis may act as an opportunistic pathogen in canine dermatitis and may not respond to antimicrobial therapy based on susceptibilities for other organisms in mixed infections. Occasionally, Corynebacterium isolated alone may be pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ann Boynosky
- From the Dermatology Department, Veterinary Specialty Hospital, San Diego, CA
| | - Laura B Stokking
- From the Dermatology Department, Veterinary Specialty Hospital, San Diego, CA
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[Corynebacterium striatum meningitis]. Med Mal Infect 2016; 46:454-456. [PMID: 27461372 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hernández-León F, Acosta-Dibarrat J, Vázquez-Chagoyán JC, Rosas PF, de Oca-Jiménez RM. Identification and molecular characterization of Corynebacterium xerosis isolated from a sheep cutaneous abscess: first case report in Mexico. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:358. [PMID: 27448802 PMCID: PMC4957927 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corynebacterium xerosis is a commensal organism found in skin and mucous membranes of humans. It is considered an unusual pathogen, and it is rarely found in human and animal clinical samples. Here we describe the isolation of C. xerosis from a 4-months-old Pelifolk lamb located in Tesistán, central western Mexico. This microorganism should be considered for differential diagnosis in cutaneous abscessed lesions in sheep, as it represents a zoonotic risk factor for human infection in sheep farms. Case presentation The animal exhibited a hard-consistency, 5 cm diameter abscess, without drainage, in the neck. The presumptive clinical diagnosis was caseous lymphadenitis, caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Samples were obtained by puncture and cultured in 8 % sheep blood agar under microaerophilic conditions. Colonies were non-haemolytic, brown-yellowish and showed microscopic and biochemical features similar to C. pseudotuberculosis, except for the urea test. A multiplex-PCR for the amplification of partial sequences of the pld, rpoB and intergenic fragment from 16S to 23S genes suggested that isolate could be C. xerosis, which was later confirmed by sequencing analysis of the rpoB gene. Conclusions This study shows for the first time isolation and molecular characterization of C. xerosis from a clinical sample of an ovine cutaneous abscess in Mexico. This finding highlights the need for differential diagnosis of this pathogen in ovine skin abscesses, as well as epidemiological and control studies of this pathogen in sheep farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Hernández-León
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de medicina veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera, 50200, Toluca-Atlacomulco, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Acosta-Dibarrat
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de medicina veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera, 50200, Toluca-Atlacomulco, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Vázquez-Chagoyán
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de medicina veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera, 50200, Toluca-Atlacomulco, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Pomposo Fernandez Rosas
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de medicina veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera, 50200, Toluca-Atlacomulco, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Roberto Montes de Oca-Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de medicina veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera, 50200, Toluca-Atlacomulco, Estado de México, Mexico.
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Spier SJ, Azevedo V. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
infection in horses: Increasing frequency and spread to new regions of North America. EQUINE VET EDUC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Spier
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis USA
| | - V. Azevedo
- Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
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Rudresh SM, Ravi GS, Alex AM, Mamatha KR, Sunitha L, Ramya KT. Non Diphtheritic Corynebacteria: An Emerging Nosocomial Pathogen in Skin and Soft Tissue Infection. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:DC19-21. [PMID: 26816891 PMCID: PMC4717780 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/15580.6977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-diphtheritic corynebacteria are normal inhabitants of skin and mucous membrane. When isolated from clinical specimens they are often considered as contaminants. Recent reports suggest their role as emerging nosocomial pathogens. AIM To speciate non-diphtheritic corynebacteria isolated from wound specimens, to correlate their clinical significance and to determine their invitro antimicrobial susceptibilities to 9 antimicrobial agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty five non-diphtheritic corynebacteria from skin and soft tissue infections were selected for study. Isolates were identified by battery of tests and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was detected by Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) described broth microdilution method. MIC was interpreted according CLSI and British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) guidelines. RESULTS C. amycolatum was the predominant species (20%) followed by C. striatum (16%). Penicillin was least effective invitro followed by clindamycin and ciprofloxacin. Excellent activities were shown by vancomycin, linezolid and imipenem. Multidrug resistance was found in all the species. CONCLUSION Non-diphtheritic corynebacteria are potential nosocomial pathogens among acute/chronic complicated skin and soft tissue infection. Vancomycin or linezolid can be used empirically to treat such infections until the invitro susceptibility results are available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - GS Ravi
- Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, ESIC MC & PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ann Mary Alex
- Post-Graduate Student, Department of Microbiology, ESIC MC & PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - KR Mamatha
- Post-Graduate Student, Department of Microbiology, ESIC MC & PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - L Sunitha
- Post-Graduate Student, Department of Microbiology, ESIC MC & PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - K Thangam Ramya
- Post-Graduate Student, Department of Microbiology, ESIC MC & PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Si J, Lee S, Park JM, Sung J, Ko G. Genetic associations and shared environmental effects on the skin microbiome of Korean twins. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:992. [PMID: 26596276 PMCID: PMC4657342 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The skin is the outermost layer of the human body and one of the key sites for host-microbe interactions. Both environmental and host genetic factors influence microbial communities in distinct anatomical niches, but little is known about their interplay in shaping the skin microbiome. Here, we investigate the heritable components of the skin microbiome and their association with host genetic factors. Results Based on our analysis of the microbiota from 45 individuals including monozygotic and dizygotic twins aged 26–55 years and their mothers, we found that skin microbial diversity was significantly influenced by age and skin pigmentation. Heritability analysis revealed genetic and shared environmental impacts on the skin microbiome. Furthermore, we observed a strong association between the abundance of Corynebacterium jeikeium and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the host FLG gene related to epidermal barrier function. Conclusion This study reveals an intimate association of the human skin microbiome and host genes, and increases our understanding of the role of human genetic factors in establishing a microbial ecosystem on the body surface. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2131-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Si
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Sunghee Lee
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Jin Mo Park
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Joohon Sung
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea.
| | - GwangPyo Ko
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea.
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Corynebacterium ulcerans cutaneous diphtheria. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015; 15:1100-1107. [PMID: 26189434 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the case of a patient with cutaneous diphtheria caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans who developed a right hand flexor sheath infection and symptoms of sepsis such as fever, tachycardia, and elevated C-reactive protein, after contact with domestic cats and dogs, and a fox. We summarise the epidemiology, clinical presentation, microbiology, diagnosis, therapy, and public health aspects of this disease, with emphasis on improving recognition. In many European countries, C ulcerans has become the organism commonly associated with cutaneous diphtheria, usually seen as an imported tropical disease or resulting from contact with domestic and agricultural animals. Diagnosis relies on bacterial culture and confirmation of toxin production, with management requiring appropriate antimicrobial therapy and prompt administration of antitoxin, if necessary. Early diagnosis is essential for implementation of control measures and clear guidelines are needed to assist clinicians in managing clinical diphtheria. This case was a catalyst to the redrafting of the 2014 national UK interim guidelines for the public health management of diphtheria, released as final guidelines in March, 2015.
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Sattar A, Yu S, Koirala J. Corynebacterium CDC Group G Native and Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis. Infect Dis Rep 2015; 7:5881. [PMID: 26500737 PMCID: PMC4593883 DOI: 10.4081/idr.2015.5881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first case of native and recurrent prosthetic valve endocarditis with Corynebacterium CDC group G, a rarely reported cause of infective endocarditis (IE). Previously, there have been only two cases reported for prosthetic valve IE caused by these organisms. A 69-year-old female with a known history of mitral valve regurgitation presented with a 3-day history of high-grade fever, pleuritic chest pain and cough. Echocardiography confirmed findings of mitral valve thickening consistent with endocarditis, which subsequently progressed to become large and mobile vegetations. Both sets of blood cultures taken on admission were positive for Corynebacterium CDC group G. Despite removal of a long-term venous access port, the patient’s presumed source of line associated bacteremia, mitral valve replacement, and aggressive antibiotic therapy, the patient had recurrence of vegetations on the prosthetic valve. She underwent replacement of her prosthetic mitral valve in the subsequent 2 weeks, before she progressed to disseminated intravascular coagulation and expired. Although they are typically considered contaminants, corynebacteria, in the appropriate clinical setting, should be recognized, identified, and treated as potentially life-threatening infections, particularly in the case of line-associated bacteremias, and native and prosthetic valve endocarditis.
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Gherardi G, Di Bonaventura G, Pompilio A, Savini V. Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum causing genitourinary tract infection: Case report and review of the literature. IDCases 2015; 2:56-8. [PMID: 26793456 PMCID: PMC4672622 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium species are increasingly recognized as opportunistic pathogens. A growing number of taxonomic studies has yielded a description of numerous new Corynebacterium species, such as those related to the urogenital tract, with Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum found to be rarely involved in genitourinary tract infections, particularly in male individuals. In this report, we describe a urethritis case caused by C. glucuronolyticum in a 37-year-old, apparently healthy male, who complained mild pain in the lower abdomen, with several urinary symptoms. While urethral and semen specimens did not yield positive results for microbiological evaluation, cultures of urine samples revealed the monomicrobial growth on blood-containing media of tiny colonies after 24 h of incubation, clearly evident only after 48 h of incubation under CO2-enriched atmosphere. Colonies were identified as C. glucuronolyticum both by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Oral ciprofloxacin gradually led to clinical improvement and, finally, to a complete recovery, in accordance with microbiological findings. In spite of its infrequent detection, C. glucuronolyticum might be a potential urogenital pathogen in males more commonly that what believed, perhaps due to slow growth leading to underrecognition; we suggest therefore to consider the organism in the differential diagnostics of bacterial diseases of the urinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gherardi
- Integrated Research Centre (CIR), University Campus Biomedico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - G Di Bonaventura
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - A Pompilio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - V Savini
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Spirito Santo Hospital, Via Fonte Romana 8, 65124 Pescara, Italy
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Shin JY, Lee WK, Seo YH, Park YS. Postoperative Abdominal Infection Caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum. Infect Chemother 2014; 46:261-3. [PMID: 25566407 PMCID: PMC4285009 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2014.46.4.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium minutissimum is a non-spore forming, gram-positive, aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacillus. It is the causative organism of erythrasma, a common superficial infection of skin, which typically presents as reddish-brown macular patches. To date, it has rarely been found to cause invasive disease, although other non-diphtheria corynebacteria are becoming increasingly common as opportunistic pathogens. We report on a rare case of abdominal infection due to C. minutissimum in an immunocompetent adult who was successfully treated with intravenous amoxicillin/sulbactam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University School of Medicine, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Woon Kee Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gachon University School of Medicine, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yiel-Hea Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gachon University School of Medicine, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University School of Medicine, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
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Oliveira M, Barroco C, Mottola C, Santos R, Lemsaddek A, Tavares L, Semedo-Lemsaddek T. First report of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis from caseous lymphadenitis lesions in Black Alentejano pig (Sus scrofa domesticus). BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:218. [PMID: 25240511 PMCID: PMC4177237 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the etiologic agent of caseous lymphadenitis, a common disease in small ruminant populations throughout the world and responsible for a significant economic impact for producers. CASE PRESENTATION To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of C. pseudotuberculosis from caseous lymphadenitis lesions in Black Alentejano pig (Sus scrofa domesticus). In this study, phenotypic and genotypic identification methods allocated the swine isolates in C. pseudotuberculosis biovar ovis. The vast majority of the isolates were able to produce phospholipase D and were susceptible to most of the antimicrobial compounds tested. Macrorestriction patterns obtained by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) grouped the C. pseudotuberculosis in two clusters with a high similarity index, which reveals their clonal relatedness. Furthermore, swine isolates were compared with C. pseudotuberculosis from caprines and PFGE patterns also showed high similarity, suggesting the prevalence of dominant clones and a potential cross-dissemination between these two animal hosts. CONCLUSIONS This work represents the first report of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis from caseous lymphadenitis lesions in Black Alentejano pig and alerts for the importance of the establishment of suitable control and sanitary management practices to control the infection and avoid further dissemination of this important pathogen to other animal hosts.
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Gonçalves JL, Tomazi T, Barreiro JR, Braga PADC, Ferreira CR, Araújo Junior JP, Eberlin MN, dos Santos MV. Identification of Corynebacterium spp. isolated from bovine intramammary infections by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Vet Microbiol 2014; 173:147-51. [PMID: 25086477 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium species (spp.) are among the most frequently isolated pathogens associated with subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. However, simple, fast, and reliable methods for the identification of species of the genus Corynebacterium are not currently available. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for identifying Corynebacterium spp. isolated from the mammary glands of dairy cows. Corynebacterium spp. were isolated from milk samples via microbiological culture (n=180) and were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Using MALDI-TOF MS methodology, 161 Corynebacterium spp. isolates (89.4%) were correctly identified at the species level, whereas 12 isolates (6.7%) were identified at the genus level. Most isolates that were identified at the species level with 16 S rRNA gene sequencing were identified as Corynebacterium bovis (n=156; 86.7%) were also identified as C. bovis with MALDI-TOF MS. Five Corynebacterium spp. isolates (2.8%) were not correctly identified at the species level with MALDI-TOF MS and 2 isolates (1.1%) were considered unidentified because despite having MALDI-TOF MS scores >2, only the genus level was correctly identified. Therefore, MALDI-TOF MS could serve as an alternative method for species-level diagnoses of bovine intramammary infections caused by Corynebacterium spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Leonel Gonçalves
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Tomazi
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Regina Barreiro
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Pessoa Araújo Junior
- Institute of Biosciences, State University of São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita" (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
- ThoMSon MS Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Veiga dos Santos
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pitted keratolysis is a bacterial infection that affects the plantar epidermis. Despite the condition being reported in many countries affecting both shod and unshod populations, there is little guidance for clinicians providing evidence or best practice guidelines on the management of this often stubborn infection. METHODS Using a structured search of a range of databases, papers were identified that reported treatments tested on patients with the condition. RESULTS Most of the literature uncovered was generally of a low level, such as case-based reporting or small case series. Studies were focused mainly on the use of topical antibiotic agents, such as clindamycin, erythromycin, fusidic acid, and mupirocin, often in combination with other measures, such as hygiene advice and the use of antiperspirants. From the limited evidence available, the use of topical antibiotic agents shows some efficacy in the treatment of pitted keratolysis. However, there is currently no suggestion that oral antibiotic drug therapy alone is effective in managing the condition. CONCLUSIONS Currently, there is no consensus on the most effective approach to managing pitted keratolysis, but a combination of antimicrobial agents and adjunctive measures, such as antiperspirants, seems to demonstrate the most effective approach from the current literature available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan R Bristow
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, Hampshire, England
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48
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Nephrolithiasis by Corynebacterium urealyticum infection: literature review and case report. J Nephrol 2014; 27:117-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s40620-014-0064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rizvi M, Rizvi MW, Shaheen, Sultan A, Khan F, Shukla I, Malik A. Emergence of coryneform bacteria as pathogens in nosocomial surgical site infections in a tertiary care hospital of North India. J Infect Public Health 2013; 6:283-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Dole VS, Henderson KS, Fister RD, Pietrowski MT, Maldonado G, Clifford CB. Pathogenicity and genetic variation of 3 strains of Corynebacterium bovis in immunodeficient mice. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2013; 52:458-466. [PMID: 23849444 PMCID: PMC3725931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Corynebacterium bovis has been associated with hyperkeratotic dermatitis and acanthosis in mice. We studied 3 different strains of C. bovis: one previously described to cause hyperkeratotic dermatitis (HAC), one that infected athymic nude mice without leading to the classic clinical signs, and one of bovine origin (ATCC 7715). The 3 strains showed a few biochemical and genetic differences. Immunodeficient nude mice were housed in 3 independent isolators and inoculated with pure cultures of the 3 strains. We studied the transmission of these C. bovis studies to isolator-bedding and contact sentinels housed for 5 to 12 wk in filter-top or wire-top cages in the respective isolators. Using a 16S rRNA-based qPCR assay, we did not find consistent differences in growth and transmission among the 3 C. bovis strains, and neither the incidence nor severity of hyperkeratosis or acanthosis differed between strains. Housing in filter-top compared with wire-top cages did not alter the morbidity associated with any of the strains. Our findings confirmed the variability in the gross and histologic changes associated with C. bovis infection of mice. Although bacteriology was a sensitive method for the detection of Corynebacterium spp., standard algorithms occasionally misidentified C. bovis and several related species. Our study demonstrates that PCR of skin swabs or feces is a sensitive and specific method for the detection of C. bovis infection in mice. An rpoB-based screen of samples from North American vivaria revealed that HAC is the predominant C. bovis strain in laboratory mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana S Dole
- Research Animal Diagnostic Services, Charles River, Wilmington, MA, USA.
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