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Teixeira IM, de Moraes Assumpção Y, Paletta ACC, Antunes M, da Silva IT, Jaeger LH, Ferreira RF, de Oliveira Ferreira E, de Araújo Penna B. Investigation on biofilm composition and virulence traits of S. pseudintermedius isolated from infected and colonized dogs. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:2923-2936. [PMID: 38955982 PMCID: PMC11405647 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, which is part of the skin microbiome of dogs, causes a variety of opportunistic infections. These infections may become more difficult to treat due to the formation of biofilm. The capacity of S. pseudintermedius to form biofilm, as well as the associated genes, has not been elucidated. This study evaluated the production and composition of S. pseudintermedius biofilm. Samples were collected from both infected dogs and asymptomatic dogs. Isolates were identified using mass spectrometry and Multiplex-PCR. Biofilm production and composition were assessed using a quantitative microtiter plate assay. The presence of ica operon genes and sps genes was investigated using conventional PCR. The investigation of Agr type and virulence genes was conducted in silico on 24 sequenced samples. All strains could produce strong biofilms, with most of the isolates presenting a polysaccharide biofilm. 63.6% of the isolates carried the complete ica operon (ADBC). All samples showed the presence of the genes spsK, spsA, and spsL, while the distribution of other genes varied. Agr type III was the most prevalent (52.2%). All sequenced samples carried the cytotoxins hlb, luk-S, luk-F, as well as the exfoliative toxins siet and se_int. No isolate displayed other exfoliative toxins. Only LB1733 presented a set of different enterotoxins (sea, seb, sec_canine, seh, sek, sel, and seq). Our findings suggest that S. pseudintermedius is a strong producer of biofilm and carries virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabel Mello Teixeira
- Laboratório de Biologia de Anaeróbios, Depto. Microbiologia Médica, IMPPG, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Depto. de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yasmim de Moraes Assumpção
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Depto. de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Cabral Paletta
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Depto. de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milena Antunes
- Laboratório de Biologia de Anaeróbios, Depto. Microbiologia Médica, IMPPG, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabella Thomaz da Silva
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Depto. de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lauren Hubert Jaeger
- Laboratório de Células-Tronco e Parasitologia Molecular, Depto. de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFJF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Fernandes Ferreira
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Vassouras - Diagnóstico em medicina veterinária - Vassouras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno de Araújo Penna
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Depto. de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Kaplan JB, Sukhishvili SA, Sailer M, Kridin K, Ramasubbu N. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Dispersin B: The Quintessential Antibiofilm Enzyme. Pathogens 2024; 13:668. [PMID: 39204268 PMCID: PMC11357414 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix of most bacterial biofilms contains polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. These biopolymers have been shown to mediate fundamental biofilm-related phenotypes including surface attachment, intercellular adhesion, and biocide resistance. Enzymes that degrade polymeric biofilm matrix components, including glycoside hydrolases, proteases, and nucleases, are useful tools for studying the structure and function of biofilm matrix components and are also being investigated as potential antibiofilm agents for clinical use. Dispersin B is a well-studied, broad-spectrum antibiofilm glycoside hydrolase produced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Dispersin B degrades poly-N-acetylglucosamine, a biofilm matrix polysaccharide that mediates biofilm formation, stress tolerance, and biocide resistance in numerous Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. Dispersin B has been shown to inhibit biofilm and pellicle formation; detach preformed biofilms; disaggregate bacterial flocs; sensitize preformed biofilms to detachment by enzymes, detergents, and metal chelators; and sensitize preformed biofilms to killing by antiseptics, antibiotics, bacteriophages, macrophages, and predatory bacteria. This review summarizes the results of nearly 100 in vitro and in vivo studies that have been carried out on dispersin B since its discovery 20 years ago. These include investigations into the biological function of the enzyme, its structure and mechanism of action, and its in vitro and in vivo antibiofilm activities against numerous bacterial species. Also discussed are potential clinical applications of dispersin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Kaplan
- Laboratory for Skin Research, Institute for Medical Research, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 2210001, Israel;
| | - Svetlana A. Sukhishvili
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | | | - Khalaf Kridin
- Laboratory for Skin Research, Institute for Medical Research, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 2210001, Israel;
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Narayanan Ramasubbu
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07103, USA;
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Bandeira DM, Corrêa JM, Laskoski LV, Rosset J, Conceição LHSM, Gomes SD, Pinto FGS. Phytochemical screening of Podocarpus lambertii Klotzch ex Endl. leaf extracts and potential antimicrobial, antioxidant and antibiofilm activity. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230237. [PMID: 38655919 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Podocarpus L'Hér. ex Pers.present biological activities, such as analgesic, antioxidant, antifungal, acting in the fight against anemia, depurative and fortifying. Podocarpus lambertii Klotzch ex Endl. is a Brazilian native species popularly known as maritime pine and lacks information about its phytochemical profile and possible biological activities. The study was conducted to determine the phytochemical composition of soluble plant extracts of acetone (EA), ethyl acetate (EAE) and hexane (HE) from leaves of P. lambertii; evaluate the antimicrobial potential by the broth microdilution technique; antioxidant potential by the DPPH method, as well as to evaluate the biofilm inhibition capacity by the crystal violet assay and reduction of the yellow tetrazolium salt (MTT). Phytochemical screening detected the presence of flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, tannins, alkaloids and saponins. All extracts showed antimicrobial activity on the microorganisms tested, and the EA showed the best results. High free radical scavenging potential was observed only in EAE (96.35%). The antibiofilm potential was observed in the EAE extract. The results contribute to the knowledge of the species and indicate the potential of P. lambertii extracts as a source of plant bioactives for the development of new alternative strategies to control resistant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Marina Bandeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biotecnologia -LAMIBI, Rua Universitária, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Corrêa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biotecnologia -LAMIBI, Rua Universitária, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Larissa Valéria Laskoski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biotecnologia -LAMIBI, Rua Universitária, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Rosset
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biotecnologia, Rua Universitária, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Lázaro Henrique S M Conceição
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Herbário HUOP, Rua Universitária, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Simone D Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Gisele S Pinto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biotecnologia -LAMIBI, Rua Universitária, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
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Azzam A, Shawky RM, El-Mahdy TS. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of ceftriaxone induce morphological alterations and PIA-independent biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:297-308. [PMID: 37979131 PMCID: PMC10920565 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The exposure of bacteria to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics is of biological significance since it can occur in vivo under many circumstances, including low-dose treatment, poor adherence to a regimen, poor drug penetration, drug-drug interactions, and antibiotic resistance of the pathogen. In this study, we investigated the effects of subinhibitory concentrations of four antibiotics: ampicillin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, and norfloxacin, which are commonly used in clinical settings and on cell morphology and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus as one of the leading causes of nosocomial and biofilm-associated infections. Nine clinical S. aureus biofilm-producing isolates and two known biofilm-producing reference strains, S. aureus ATCC 29213 and S. aureus ATCC 6538, were used in this study. Sub-MICs of beta-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin and ceftriaxone) significantly induced biofilm formation in S. aureus ATCC 29213 and S. aureus ATCC 6538 and in six clinical isolates out of the nine selected isolates when compared with the antibiotic-free control group (P < 0.05), with an approximately 2- to 2.5-fold increase. Gentamicin and norfloxacin induced biofilms in S. aureus ATCC 29213 and S. aureus ATCC 6538, while gentamicin and norfloxacin induced biofilms only in three and two of the nine tested isolates, respectively (P < 0.05). The chemical nature of the biofilm matrix produced by half the MIC of ceftriaxone in the six isolates that showed increased biofilm was all non-polysaccharide in composition (PIA-independent). Gene expression of biofilm-encoding genes atl and sarA in biofilms of the two tested strains (S. aureus ATCC 6538) and clinical strain (S. aureus 16) showed a significant upregulation after exposure to half MIC of ceftriaxone. Additionally, the bacterial cell morphological changes in planktonic cells caused by half MIC of ceftriaxone were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, which demonstrated a significant cell enlargement when compared with the antibiotic-free control (P < 0.05), and some deformed cells were also noticed. In S. aureus clinical isolates, sub-MICs of ampicillin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, and norfloxacin may stimulate substantial production of biofilm, which could have important clinical significance and make infection treatment challenges. Further, in vivo research is needed to fully comprehend how sub-MIC of antibiotics can affect biofilm formation in clinical settings. Additionally, more research is required to reveal the clinical implications of the morphological alterations in S. aureus brought on by exposure to ceftriaxone at concentrations below its MIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Azzam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riham M Shawky
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Taghrid S El-Mahdy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt.
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Barbosa A, Miranda S, Azevedo NF, Cerqueira L, Azevedo AS. Imaging biofilms using fluorescence in situ hybridization: seeing is believing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1195803. [PMID: 37284501 PMCID: PMC10239779 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1195803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are complex structures with an intricate relationship between the resident microorganisms, the extracellular matrix, and the surrounding environment. Interest in biofilms is growing exponentially given its ubiquity in so diverse fields such as healthcare, environmental and industry. Molecular techniques (e.g., next-generation sequencing, RNA-seq) have been used to study biofilm properties. However, these techniques disrupt the spatial structure of biofilms; therefore, they do not allow to observe the location/position of biofilm components (e.g., cells, genes, metabolites), which is particularly relevant to explore and study the interactions and functions of microorganisms. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been arguably the most widely used method for an in situ analysis of spatial distribution of biofilms. In this review, an overview on different FISH variants already applied on biofilm studies (e.g., CLASI-FISH, BONCAT-FISH, HiPR-FISH, seq-FISH) will be explored. In combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy, these variants emerged as a powerful approach to visualize, quantify and locate microorganisms, genes, and metabolites inside biofilms. Finally, we discuss new possible research directions for the development of robust and accurate FISH-based approaches that will allow to dig deeper into the biofilm structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Barbosa
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Miranda
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno F. Azevedo
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Cerqueira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia S. Azevedo
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Villarreal-Salazar V, Mendoza-Olazarán S, Flores-Treviño S, Garza-González E, Bocanegra-Ibarias P, Morfín-Otero R, Camacho-Ortiz A, Rodríguez-Noriega E, Villarreal-Treviño L. Rapid methicillin resistance detection and subspecies discrimination in Staphylococcus hominis clinical isolates by MALDI-TOF MS. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 41:83-89. [PMID: 36123270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Staphylococcus hominis is a coagulase-negative opportunistic pathogen responsible for implanted medical device infections. Rapid identification and virulence factors detection are crucial for appropriate antimicrobial therapy. We aimed to search protein biomarker peaks for rapid classification of antibiotic resistance and subspecies of S. hominis using MALDI-TOF MS. METHODS S. hominis clinical isolates (n = 148) were screened for subspecies differentiation by novobiocin resistance. Biofilm composition and formation were determined by detachment assay and crystal violet staining, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by the broth microdilution method. The search for potential biomarkers peaks was enabled by ClinProTools 3.0, flexAnalysis 3.4, and Biotools 3.2 for statistical analysis, peak visualization, and protein/peptide alignment, respectively. RESULTS Of 148 isolates, 12.16% were classified as S. hominis subsp. novobiosepticus, 77.77% were biofilm producers, and ˃ 50% were multidrug-resistant. Two potential biomarker peaks, 8975 m/z and 9035 m/z were detected for the discrimination of methicillin resistance with a sensitivity of 96.72%. The following peaks were detected for subspecies differentiation: 2582 m/z, 2823 m/z, and 2619 m/z with 88.89-98.28% of sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS We found potential biomarker peaks to predict methicillin resistance and discriminate S. hominis subspecies during routine MALDI-TOF MS identification in a clinical setting to enable better antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Villarreal-Salazar
- Laboratorio de Microbiología General, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, Col. Ciudad Universitaria, 66450, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Soraya Mendoza-Olazarán
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González" y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I, Madero Pte. S/N Monterrey y Av. Gonzalitos, Col. Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Samantha Flores-Treviño
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I, Madero Pte. S/N Monterrey y Av. Gonzalitos, Col. Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Elvira Garza-González
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I, Madero Pte. S/N Monterrey y Av. Gonzalitos, Col. Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Paola Bocanegra-Ibarias
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I, Madero Pte. S/N Monterrey y Av. Gonzalitos, Col. Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Rayo Morfín-Otero
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" y el Instituto de Patólogía Infecciosa y Experimental, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Adrián Camacho-Ortiz
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I, Madero Pte. S/N Monterrey y Av. Gonzalitos, Col. Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Noriega
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" y el Instituto de Patólogía Infecciosa y Experimental, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Licet Villarreal-Treviño
- Laboratorio de Microbiología General, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, Col. Ciudad Universitaria, 66450, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
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Schaffer SD, Hutchison CA, Rouchon CN, Mdluli NV, Weinstein AJ, McDaniel D, Frank KL. Diverse Enterococcus faecalis strains show heterogeneity in biofilm properties. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:103986. [PMID: 35995340 PMCID: PMC9825631 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2022.103986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation is important for Enterococcus faecalis to cause healthcare-associated infections. It is unclear how E. faecalis biofilms vary in parameters such as development and composition. To test the hypothesis that differences in biofilms exist among E. faecalis strains, we evaluated in vitro biofilm formation and matrix characteristics of five genetically diverse E. faecalis lab-adapted strains and clinical isolates (OG1RF, V583, DS16, MMH594, and VA1128). Biofilm formation of all strains was repressed in TSB+10% FBS. However, DMEM+10% FBS enhanced biofilm formation of clinical isolate VA1128. Crystal violet staining and fluorescence microscopy of biofilms grown on Aclar membranes demonstrated differences between OG1RF and VA1128 in biofilm development over a 48-h time course. None of the biofilms were dispersed by single treatments of sodium (meta)periodate, DNase, or Proteinase K alone, but the biofilm biomass of both OG1RF and DS16 was partially removed by a sequential treatment of sodium (meta)periodate and DNase. Reversing the treatment order was not effective, suggesting that the extracellular DNA targeted by DNase was obscured by carbohydrates that are susceptible to sodium (meta)periodate degradation. Fluorescent staining of biofilm matrix components further demonstrated that more carbohydrates bound by wheat germ agglutinin comprise OG1RF biofilms compared to VA1128 biofilms. This study highlights the existence of heterogeneity in biofilm properties among diverse E. faecalis strains, which may have implications for the design of novel anti-biofilm treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Schaffer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Carissa A Hutchison
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Candace N Rouchon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nontokozo V Mdluli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Arielle J Weinstein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Dennis McDaniel
- Biomedical Instrumentation Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristi L Frank
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Phenotypic and Genotypic Virulence Characterisation of Staphylococcus pettenkoferi Strains Isolated from Human Bloodstream and Diabetic Foot Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415476. [PMID: 36555117 PMCID: PMC9778964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pettenkoferi is a recently described coagulase-negative Staphylococcus identified in human diseases, especially in infections of foot ulcers in patients living with diabetes mellitus. To date, its pathogenicity remains underexplored. In this study, whole-genome analysis was performed on a collection of 29 S. pettenkoferi clinical strains isolated from bloodstream and diabetic foot infections with regard to their phylogenetic relationships and comprehensive analysis of their resistome and virulome. Their virulence was explored by their ability to form biofilm, their growth kinetics and in an in vivo zebrafish embryo infection model. Our results identified two distinct clades (I and II) and two subclades (I-a and I-b) with notable genomic differences. All strains had a slow bacterial growth. Three profiles of biofilm formation were noted, with 89.7% of isolates able to produce biofilm and harbouring a high content of biofilm-encoding genes. Two virulence profiles were also observed in the zebrafish model irrespective of the strains' origin or biofilm profile. Therefore, this study brings new insights in S. pettenkoferi pathogenicity.
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Wen J, Wang Z, Du X, Liu R, Wang J. Antibioflm effects of extracellular matrix degradative agents on the biofilm of different strains of multi-drug resistant Corynebacterium striatum. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2022; 21:53. [PMID: 36434697 PMCID: PMC9700914 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-022-00546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corynebacterium striatum is a microorganism with an excellent capacity for biofilm production and thus has been correlated with nosocomial transmission and invasive infections. However, little is known about the mechanism of biofilm formation of this commensal pathogen. In this study, we aimed to investigate the biofilm formation abilities of multidrug-resistant Corynebacterium striatum clinical isolates and the roles of extracellular proteins, exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA in mediating more robust biofilm formation by the isolates of C. striatum. METHODS C. striatum isolates were identified using VITEK-2 ANC card, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA sequencing. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the broth microdilution method. The distribution of spaDEF genes among C. striatum isolates was detected by polymerase chain reaction, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing was employed to analyze the genotypes of the isolates. Crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to detect biofilm production by C. striatum isolates. Biofilm degradation assay was performed to observe the effects of extracellular matrix degradative agents (proteinase K, dispersin B, and DNase I) on C. striatum biofilms. RESULTS Twenty-seven C. striatum isolates were enrolled in the study, and the resistance rates were the highest (100%, 27/27) against penicillin and ceftriaxone. Approximately 96.3% (26/27) C. striatum isolates were resistant to at least three different types of antimicrobial agents tested. All isolates were confirmed to be biofilm producers, and 74.07% (20/27) isolates presented moderate to strong biofilm production abilities. P7 genotype (44.4%, 12/27) was identified to as the predominant genotype, and all of isolates belonging to this genotype were multidrug-resistant and had stronger biofilm-forming abilities. Most C. striatum isolates (74.07%, 20/27) carry spaD, spaE, and spaF genes, which encode spa-type pili. However, the correlation between the expression of spa-type genes and the biofilm production abilities of the C. striatum isolates was not found. The biofilms of 80% (8/10), 90% (9/10), and 100% (10/10) C. striatum isolates with moderate to strong biofilm production abilities were significantly eliminated upon the treatment of dispersin B (20 μg/mL), DNase I (20 μg/mL), and proteinase K (20 μg/mL) (p < 0.05), respectively. For the combination groups with two kinds of biofilm-degradative agents, the combination of 20 μg/mL proteinase K/dispersin B showed the strongest biofilm-eliminating effects, when the biofilms of 90% (9/10) C. striatum isolates degraded more than 50%. CONCLUSIONS The C. striatum isolates that belonged to the predominant genotype showed a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype and strong biofilm formation abilities. Extracellular matrix seems to be an essential determinant in mediating biofilm formation of MDR C. striatum, since extracellular matrix degradative agents (proteinase K, dispersin B and DNase I) showed strong biofilm-eliminating effects toward multidrug-resistant C. striatum isolates. The findings of this study highlight new ideas/directions to explore the whole nature of biofilm formation of C. striatum and the function of extracellular matrix in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolian Medical University, Hohhot, 010050 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolian Medical University, 010050 Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Du
- grid.508381.70000 0004 0647 272XNational Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206 People’s Republic of China
| | - Roushan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolian Medical University, Hohhot, 010050 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junrui Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolian Medical University, Hohhot, 010050 People’s Republic of China
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Staphylococcus lugdunensis Uses the Agr Regulatory System to Resist Killing by Host Innate Immune Effectors. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0009922. [PMID: 36069592 PMCID: PMC9584346 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00099-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are frequently commensal bacteria that rarely cause disease in mammals. Staphylococcus lugdunensis is an exceptional CoNS that causes disease in humans similar to virulent Staphylococcus aureus, but the factors that enhance the virulence of this bacterium remain ill defined. Here, we used random transposon insertion mutagenesis to identify the agr quorum sensing system as a regulator of hemolysins in S. lugdunensis. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we revealed that agr regulates dozens of genes, including hemolytic S. lugdunensis synergistic hemolysins (SLUSH) peptides and the protease lugdulysin. A murine bacteremia model was used to show that mice infected systemically with wild-type S. lugdunensis do not show overt signs of disease despite there being high numbers of bacteria in the livers and kidneys of mice. Moreover, proliferation of the agr mutant in these organs was no different from that of the wild-type strain, leaving the role of the SLUSH peptides and the metalloprotease lugdulysin in pathogenesis still unclear. Nonetheless, the tropism of S. lugdunensis for humans led us to investigate the role of virulence factors in other ways. We show that agr-regulated effectors, but not SLUSH or lugdulysin alone, are important for S. lugdunensis survival in whole human blood. Moreover, we demonstrate that Agr contributes to survival of S. lugdunensis during encounters with murine and primary human macrophages. These findings demonstrate that, in S. lugdunensis, Agr regulates expression of virulence factors and is required for resistance to host innate antimicrobial defenses. This study therefore provides insight into strategies that this Staphylococcus species uses to cause disease.
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11
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Identification of New Drug Target in Staphylococcus lugdunensis by Subtractive Genomics Analysis and Their Inhibitors through Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation Studies. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090451. [PMID: 36134997 PMCID: PMC9496018 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase-negative, Gram-positive, and human pathogenic bacteria. S. lugdunensis is the causative agent of diseases, such as native and prosthetic valve endocarditis, meningitis, septic arthritis, skin abscesses, brain abscess, breast abscesses, spondylodiscitis, post-surgical wound infections, bacteremia, and peritonitis. S. lugdunensis displays resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics due to the production of beta-lactamases. This study aimed to identify potential novel essential, human non-homologous, and non-gut flora drug targets in the S. lugdunensis strain N920143, and to evaluate the potential inhibitors of drug targets. The method was concerned with a homology search between the host and the pathogen proteome. Various tools, including the DEG (database of essential genes) for the essentiality of proteins, the KEGG for pathways analysis, CELLO V.2.5 for cellular localization prediction, and the drug bank database for predicting the druggability potential of proteins, were used. Furthermore, a similarity search with gut flora proteins was performed. A DNA-binding response-regulator protein was identified as a novel drug target against the N920143 strain of S. lugdunensis. The three-dimensional structure of the drug target was modelled and validated with the help of online tools. Furthermore, ten thousand drug-like compounds were retrieved from the ZINC15 database. The molecular docking approach for the DNA-binding response-regulator protein identified ZINC000020192004 and ZINC000020530348 as the most favorable compounds to interact with the active site residues of the drug target. These two compounds were subjected to an MD simulation study. Our analysis revealed that the identified compounds revealed more stable behavior when bound to the drug target DNA-binding response-regulator protein than the apostate.
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12
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Repeated sub-inhibitory doses of cassia essential oil do not increase the tolerance pattern in Listeria monocytogenes cells. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:1143-1145. [PMID: 34462188 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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de Oliveira A, Pinheiro-Hubinger L, Pereira VC, Riboli DFM, Martins KB, Romero LC, da Cunha MDLRDS. Staphylococcal Biofilm on the Surface of Catheters: Electron Microscopy Evaluation of the Inhibition of Biofilm Growth by RNAIII Inhibiting Peptide. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070879. [PMID: 34356800 PMCID: PMC8300745 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have become the main causative agents of medical device-related infections due to their biofilm-forming capability, which protects them from the host’s immune system and from the action of antimicrobials. This study evaluated the ability of RNA III inhibiting peptide (RIP) to inhibit biofilm formation in 10 strains isolated from clinical materials, including one S. aureus strain, two S. epidermidis, two S. haemolyticus, two S. lugdunensis, and one isolate each of the following species: S. warneri, S. hominis, and S. saprophyticus. The isolates were selected from a total of 200 strains evaluated regarding phenotypic biofilm production and the presence and expression of the ica operon. The isolates were cultured in trypticase soy broth with 2% glucose in 96-well polystyrene plates containing catheter segments in the presence and absence of RIP. The catheter segments were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed inhibition of biofilm formation in the presence of RIP in all CoNS isolates; however, RIP did not interfere with biofilm formation by S. aureus. RIP is a promising tool that might be used in the future for the prevention of biofilm-related infections caused by CoNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-691, Brazil; (A.d.O.); (V.C.P.); (D.F.M.R.); (K.B.M.); (L.C.R.); (M.d.L.R.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Luiza Pinheiro-Hubinger
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Lauro de Souza Lima Institute, Bauru 17034-971, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(0)14-38800428
| | - Valéria Cataneli Pereira
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-691, Brazil; (A.d.O.); (V.C.P.); (D.F.M.R.); (K.B.M.); (L.C.R.); (M.d.L.R.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Danilo Flávio Moraes Riboli
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-691, Brazil; (A.d.O.); (V.C.P.); (D.F.M.R.); (K.B.M.); (L.C.R.); (M.d.L.R.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Katheryne Benini Martins
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-691, Brazil; (A.d.O.); (V.C.P.); (D.F.M.R.); (K.B.M.); (L.C.R.); (M.d.L.R.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Letícia Calixto Romero
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-691, Brazil; (A.d.O.); (V.C.P.); (D.F.M.R.); (K.B.M.); (L.C.R.); (M.d.L.R.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-691, Brazil; (A.d.O.); (V.C.P.); (D.F.M.R.); (K.B.M.); (L.C.R.); (M.d.L.R.d.S.d.C.)
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15
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Qian W, Wang W, Zhang J, Liu M, Fu Y, Li M, Jin J, Cui W, Wang C. Equivalent effect of extracellular proteins and polysaccharides on biofilm formation by clinical isolates of Staphylococcus lugdunensis. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:327-340. [PMID: 33934665 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1914021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus lugdunensis involves formation of an extracellular matrix; however, the identity of the constituents responsible for the structure of biofilms fabricated by different clinical strains is largely unclear. Here, biofilms produced by 24 clinical isolates of S. lugdunensis were characterized. The optimal medium for S. lugdunensis was selected, and the biofilm-forming capacity was assessed. Extracelullar polymeric substances (EPS) contributing to biofilm robustness were determined by evaluating the susceptibility of biofilms to EPS-degrading agents using field emission scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Biofilm formation by the clinical isolates of S. lugdunensis was augmented by glucose supplementation. Further, extracellular DNA (eDNA), proteins, and polysaccharides were present in the 24 clinical isolates. Proteins and polysaccharides were the most common components within the S. lugdunensis biofilms, whereas the eDNA content was marginal in biofilm formation. Therefore, proteins and polysaccharides within biofilms may be used as the primary targets for developing eradication strategies to prevent S. lugdunensis biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese Peoples' Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Miao Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Fu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chengbin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese Peoples' Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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Carrascosa C, Raheem D, Ramos F, Saraiva A, Raposo A. Microbial Biofilms in the Food Industry-A Comprehensive Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042014. [PMID: 33669645 PMCID: PMC7922197 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms, present as microorganisms and surviving on surfaces, can increase food cross-contamination, leading to changes in the food industry’s cleaning and disinfection dynamics. Biofilm is an association of microorganisms that is irreversibly linked with a surface, contained in an extracellular polymeric substance matrix, which poses a formidable challenge for food industries. To avoid biofilms from forming, and to eliminate them from reversible attachment and irreversible stages, where attached microorganisms improve surface adhesion, a strong disinfectant is required to eliminate bacterial attachments. This review paper tackles biofilm problems from all perspectives, including biofilm-forming pathogens in the food industry, disinfectant resistance of biofilm, and identification methods. As biofilms are largely responsible for food spoilage and outbreaks, they are also considered responsible for damage to food processing equipment. Hence the need to gain good knowledge about all of the factors favouring their development or growth, such as the attachment surface, food matrix components, environmental conditions, the bacterial cells involved, and electrostatic charging of surfaces. Overall, this review study shows the real threat of biofilms in the food industry due to the resistance of disinfectants and the mechanisms developed for their survival, including the intercellular signalling system, the cyclic nucleotide second messenger, and biofilm-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrado Carrascosa
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain;
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Dele Raheem
- Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law (NIEM), Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland;
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, 55142 Apartado, Portugal
| | - Ariana Saraiva
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain;
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (A.R.)
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França A, Gaio V, Lopes N, Melo LDR. Virulence Factors in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci. Pathogens 2021; 10:170. [PMID: 33557202 PMCID: PMC7913919 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have emerged as major pathogens in healthcare-associated facilities, being S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus and, more recently, S. lugdunensis, the most clinically relevant species. Despite being less virulent than the well-studied pathogen S. aureus, the number of CoNS strains sequenced is constantly increasing and, with that, the number of virulence factors identified in those strains. In this regard, biofilm formation is considered the most important. Besides virulence factors, the presence of several antibiotic-resistance genes identified in CoNS is worrisome and makes treatment very challenging. In this review, we analyzed the different aspects involved in CoNS virulence and their impact on health and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela França
- Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (V.G.); (N.L.)
| | | | | | - Luís D. R. Melo
- Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (V.G.); (N.L.)
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18
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Diclofenac May Induce PIA-Independent Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Int J Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8823775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen commonly resistant to antibiotics. Biofilm formation is one of the important factors related to its virulence. Non-antibiotics drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), have been studied as an alternative for treating infections by multiresistant pathogens and biofilm-associated infections. In this study, the effects of NSAID sodium diclofenac on growth inhibition and biofilm formation of S. aureus were evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of diclofenac for fifty isolates ranged from 200 to 400 μg/mL. Diclofenac sub-MICs induced biofilm in 32.3% of biofilm-negative strains in tryptic soy broth. All biofilms induced by the drug showed a PIA- (polysaccharide intercellular adhesion-) independent composition, and the scanning electron microscopy showed that the induced biofilm presented a very discrete matrix. The combination of diclofenac with rifampicin sub-MICs induced strong production of PIA-dependent biofilm in three of four strains, while combination of NSAID with NaCl induced the formation of partially polysaccharide biofilm in two strains and PIA-independent biofilm in another strain. The combination of NSAID with glucose resulted in PIA-independent biofilms in all four strains tested. The results showed that diclofenac can commonly induce biofilm production by a PIA-independent pathway. However, when this NSAID is combined with other types of inducing agents, the composition of the biofilm produced may vary.
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19
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Staphylococcus lugdunensis: a Skin Commensal with Invasive Pathogenic Potential. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 34:34/2/e00205-20. [PMID: 33361142 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00205-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a species of coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) that causes serious infections in humans akin to those of S. aureus It was often misidentified as S. aureus, but this has been rectified by recent routine use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in diagnostic laboratories. It encodes a diverse array of virulence factors for adhesion, cytotoxicity, and innate immune evasion, but these are less diverse than those encoded by S. aureus It expresses an iron-regulated surface determinant (Isd) system combined with a novel energy-coupling factor (ECF) mechanism for extracting heme from hemoproteins. Small cytolytic S. lugdunensis synergistic hemolysins (SLUSH), peptides related to phenol-soluble modulins of S. aureus, act synergistically with β-toxin to lyse erythrocytes. S. lugdunensis expresses a novel peptide antibiotic, lugdunin, that can influence the nasal and skin microbiota. Endovascular infections are initiated by bacterial adherence to fibrinogen promoted by a homologue of Staphylococcus aureus clumping factor A and to von Willebrand factor on damaged endothelium by an uncharacterized mechanism. S. lugdunensis survives within mature phagolysosomes of macrophages without growing and is released only following apoptosis. This differs fundamentally from S. aureus, which actively grows and expresses bicomponent leukotoxins that cause membrane damage and could contribute to survival in the infected host. S. lugdunensis is being investigated as a probiotic to eradicate S. aureus from the nares of carriers. However, this is contraindicated by its innate virulence. Studies to obtain a deeper understanding of S. lugdunensis colonization, virulence, and microbiome interactions are therefore warranted.
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20
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The staphylococcal exopolysaccharide PIA - Biosynthesis and role in biofilm formation, colonization, and infection. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020. [PMID: 33240473 DOI: 10.1016/jcsbj202010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharide is a key part of the extracellular matrix that contributes to important mechanisms of bacterial pathogenicity, most notably biofilm formation and immune evasion. In the human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis, as well as in many other staphylococcal species, the only exopolysaccharide is polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), a cationic, partially deacetylated homopolymer of N-acetylglucosamine, whose biosynthetic machinery is encoded in the ica locus. PIA production is strongly dependent on environmental conditions and controlled by many regulatory systems. PIA contributes significantly to staphylococcal biofilm formation and immune evasion mechanisms, such as resistance to antimicrobial peptides and ingestion and killing by phagocytes, and presence of the ica genes is associated with infectivity. Due to its role in pathogenesis, PIA has raised considerable interest as a potential vaccine component or target.
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21
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Elboshra MME, Hamedelnil YF, Moglad EH, Altayb HN. Prevalence and characterization of virulence genes among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Sudanese patients in Khartoum state. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 38:100784. [PMID: 33194210 PMCID: PMC7642864 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile pathogen that can cause a variety of diseases, ranging from mild to fatal infection. This study aimed to detect the virulence genes (cna, ica, hlg and sdrE) in S. aureus isolated from different types of infections in Sudanese patients admitted to different hospital in Khartoum state. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 4 months from 1 April to 30 July 2017 in Khartoum. Overall, 65 S. aureus isolates were identified using standard biochemical and microbiologic tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Nucleic acid was extracted using the guanidine hydrochloride method, and all the genes except for sdrE were detected by multiplex PCR. The ica gene was the predominant one, found in 73.85% of the isolates, with sdrE found in 38.46%, cna in 29.25% and hlg in 7.69%. The relationship between the virulence genes and resistance to antibiotics showed that the highest resistance was observed in isolates with ica and sdrE, followed by cna and hlg. There were significant relationships between methicillin resistance and the presence of sdrE and ica genes (p 0.01 for both) and between ciprofloxacin resistance and the presence of sdrE gene (p 0.03).
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Affiliation(s)
- M M E Elboshra
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sudan University for Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Y F Hamedelnil
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sudan University for Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - E H Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 173 Alkharj 11942.,Department of Microbiology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute (MAPTMRI), National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - H N Altayb
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Nguyen HTT, Nguyen TH, Otto M. The staphylococcal exopolysaccharide PIA - Biosynthesis and role in biofilm formation, colonization, and infection. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:3324-3334. [PMID: 33240473 PMCID: PMC7674160 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PIA is a key extracellular matrix component in staphylococci and other bacteria. PIA is a cationic, partially deacetylated N-acetylglucosamine polymer. PIA has a major role in bacterial biofilms and biofilm-associated infection.
Exopolysaccharide is a key part of the extracellular matrix that contributes to important mechanisms of bacterial pathogenicity, most notably biofilm formation and immune evasion. In the human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis, as well as in many other staphylococcal species, the only exopolysaccharide is polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), a cationic, partially deacetylated homopolymer of N-acetylglucosamine, whose biosynthetic machinery is encoded in the ica locus. PIA production is strongly dependent on environmental conditions and controlled by many regulatory systems. PIA contributes significantly to staphylococcal biofilm formation and immune evasion mechanisms, such as resistance to antimicrobial peptides and ingestion and killing by phagocytes, and presence of the ica genes is associated with infectivity. Due to its role in pathogenesis, PIA has raised considerable interest as a potential vaccine component or target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoai T T Nguyen
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda 20814, MD, USA.,School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University of Ho Chi Minh City, Khu Pho 6, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thuan H Nguyen
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda 20814, MD, USA
| | - Michael Otto
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda 20814, MD, USA
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Bierowiec K. Cross-sectional study of Staphyloccus lugdunensis prevalence in cats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15417. [PMID: 32963280 PMCID: PMC7508828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a commensal bacterium in humans and other animals that can cause serious infections. The aim of this research was to estimate the frequency of S. lugdunensis in pet cats and to characterize the S. lugdunensis isolates obtained. The prevalence of S. lugdunensis was 0.77% (4/523) in healthy cats and 1.23% (1/81) in sick cats. The isolates (N = 5), which colonized conjunctival sacs, nares, and the anus, were almost fully phenotypically sensitive to antibiotics, but harbored resistance genes to four chemotherapeutic groups. Their sequence types (STs) included ST2, ST3, ST9, and ST15. There was detected a far lower prevalence of S. lugdunensis in pet cats than is reported in the human population. Nevertheless, the phenotypic and genotypic properties of S. lugdunensis isolates found in the current study were very similar to those described previously in isolates of human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Bierowiec
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Administration, Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366, Wroclaw, Poland.
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24
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Bidossi A, Bottagisio M, Savadori P, De Vecchi E. Identification and Characterization of Planktonic Biofilm-Like Aggregates in Infected Synovial Fluids From Joint Infections. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1368. [PMID: 32714301 PMCID: PMC7344156 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent in vitro studies reported the exceptional ability of some bacterial species to form biofilm-like aggregates in human and animal synovial fluids (SF), but evidences from infected clinical samples are still lacking. In this study, we investigated whether this bacterial phenotype was present in infected SFs collected from joint infections and if it was maintained in in vitro settings. SFs sent for culture to the Laboratory of Microbiology of our institute were directly analyzed by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and the infective agents were isolated for further in vitro tests. Moreover, sterile SF was collected from patients who did not receive previous antibiotic therapy to investigate the formation of bacterial aggregates, together with biofilm and matrix production on a titanium surface. Finally, antibiotic susceptibility studies were performed by using bovine SF. Four Staphylococcus aureus, one Staphylococcus lugdunensis, and one Prevotella bivia strain were identified in the infected SFs. The CLSM analysis showed that all staphylococci were present as a mixture of single cells and bacterial clumps surrounded by an exopolymeric substance, which comprised SF-derived fibrin, while all P. bivia cells appeared separated. Despite that, differences in the ability to aggregate between S. aureus and S. lugdunensis were observed in clinical SFs. These different phenotypes were further confirmed by in vitro growth, even though the application of such ex vivo approach lead all staphylococci to form exceptionally large microbial aggregates, which are several folds bigger than those observed in clinical samples. Planktonic aggregates challenged for antibiotic susceptibility revealed a sharp increase of recalcitrance to the treatments. Although this is still at a preliminary stage, the present work confirmed the ability of staphylococci to form free-floating biofilm-like aggregates in infected SF from patients with joint infections. Furthermore, the obtained results pointed out that future in vitro research on joint infections will benefit from the use of human- or animal-derived SF. Even though this approach should be carefully validated in further studies comprising a larger microbial population, these findings pose new challenges in the treatment of infected native and prosthetic joints and for the approach to new investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bidossi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Bottagisio
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Savadori
- Department of Endodontics, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena De Vecchi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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25
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Lee VE, O'Neill AJ. Potential for repurposing the personal care product preservatives bronopol and bronidox as broad-spectrum antibiofilm agents for topical application. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:907-911. [PMID: 30590494 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bacterial biofilms represent a major impediment to healing in chronic wounds and are largely refractory to the antibacterial agents currently used in wound management. From a repurposing screen of compounds considered safe for topical application in humans, we report the identification of the personal care product preservatives bronopol and bronidox as broad-spectrum antibiofilm agents and potential candidates for reducing biofilm burden in chronic wounds. METHODS Antibiofilm activity was assessed by viable counting against single-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Calgary Biofilm Device, and against mixed-species biofilms of the two organisms growing on nitrocellulose discs. RESULTS Bronopol and bronidox exhibited broad-spectrum antibiofilm activity that encompassed the two major wound pathogens, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. When impregnated into gauze dressings at their existing maximum authorized concentrations for safe use and placed onto an established mixed-species biofilm, bronopol and bronidox completely eradicated P. aeruginosa and achieved an ∼5 log10 reduction in the S. aureus population. The antibiofilm action of bronopol and bronidox was attributed to their ability to kill slow- or non-growing bacteria found in biofilms, and both compounds exhibited synergistic antibiofilm effects in combination with established wound-treatment agents. CONCLUSIONS Bronopol and bronidox kill bacteria regardless of growth state, a property that endows them with broad-spectrum antibiofilm activity. As this effect is observed at concentrations authorized for use on human skin, these compounds represent promising candidates for the treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E Lee
- Antimicrobial Research Centre and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Alex J O'Neill
- Antimicrobial Research Centre and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Eddenden A, Kitova EN, Klassen JS, Nitz M. An Inactive Dispersin B Probe for Monitoring PNAG Production in Biofilm Formation. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1204-1211. [PMID: 31917539 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial exopolysaccharide poly-β-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine is a major extracellular matrix component in biofilms of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. We have leveraged the specificity of the biofilm-dispersing glycoside hydrolase Dispersin B (DspB) to generate a probe (Dispersin B PNAG probe, DiPP) for monitoring PNAG production and localization during biofilm formation. Mutation of the active site of Dispersin B gave DiPP, which was an effective probe despite its low affinity for PNAG oligosaccharides (KD ∼ 1-10 mM). Imaging of PNAG-dependent and -independent biofilms stained with a fluorescent-protein fusion of DiPP (GFP-DiPP) demonstrated the specificity of the probe for the structure of PNAG on both single-cell and biofilm levels, indicating a high local concentration of PNAG at the bacterial cell surface. Through quantitative bacterial cell binding assays and confocal microscopy analysis using GFP-DiPP, discrete areas of local high concentrations of PNAG were detected on the surface of early log phase cells. These distinct areas were seen to grow, slough from cells, and accumulate in interbacterial regions over the course of several cell divisions, showing the development of a PNAG-dependent biofilm. A potential helical distribution of staining was also noted, suggesting some degree of organization of PNAG production at the cell surface prior to cell aggregation. Together, these experiments shed light on the early stages of PNAG-dependent biofilm formation and demonstrate the value of a low-affinity-high-specificity probe for monitoring the production of bacterial exopolysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Eddenden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Elena N. Kitova
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - John S. Klassen
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Mark Nitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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Becker K, Both A, Weißelberg S, Heilmann C, Rohde H. Emergence of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 18:349-366. [DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1730813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Becker
- Friedrich Loeffler-Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Both
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samira Weißelberg
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine Heilmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Holger Rohde
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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28
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Dahyot S, Oxaran V, Niepceron M, Dupart E, Legris S, Destruel L, Didi J, Clamens T, Lesouhaitier O, Zerdoumi Y, Flaman JM, Pestel-Caron M. Role of the LytSR Two-Component Regulatory System in Staphylococcus lugdunensis Biofilm Formation and Pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:39. [PMID: 32038604 PMCID: PMC6993578 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase negative Staphylococcus recognized as a virulent pathogen. It is responsible for a wide variety of infections, some of which are associated with biofilm production, such as implanted medical device infections or endocarditis. However, little is known about S. lugdunensis regulation of virulence factor expression. Two-component regulatory systems (TCS) play a critical role in bacterial adaptation, survival, and virulence. Among them, LytSR is widely conserved but has variable roles in different organisms, all connected to metabolism or cell death and lysis occurring during biofilm development. Therefore, we investigated here the functions of LytSR in S. lugdunensis pathogenesis. Deletion of lytSR in S. lugdunensis DSM 4804 strain did not alter either susceptibility to Triton X-100 induced autolysis or death induced by antibiotics targeting cell wall synthesis. Interestingly, ΔlytSR biofilm was characterized by a lower biomass, a lack of tower structures, and a higher rate of dead cells compared to the wild-type strain. Virulence toward Caenorhabditis elegans using a slow-killing assay was significantly reduced for the mutant compared to the wild-type strain. By contrast, the deletion of lytSR had no effect on the cytotoxicity of S. lugdunensis toward the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Transcriptional analyses conducted at mid- and late-exponential phases showed that lytSR deletion affected the expression of 286 genes. Most of them were involved in basic functions such as the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleotides. Furthermore, LytSR appeared to be involved in the regulation of genes encoding known or putative virulence and colonization factors, including the fibrinogen-binding protein Fbl, the major autolysin AtlL, and the type VII secretion system. Overall, our data suggest that the LytSR TCS is implicated in S. lugdunensis pathogenesis, through its involvement in biofilm formation and potentially by the control of genes encoding putative virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Dahyot
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Department of Bacteriology, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Virginie Oxaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Maïté Niepceron
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Eddy Dupart
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphanie Legris
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Laurie Destruel
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Jennifer Didi
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Clamens
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Evreux, France
| | - Olivier Lesouhaitier
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Evreux, France
| | - Yasmine Zerdoumi
- INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Michel Flaman
- INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Martine Pestel-Caron
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Department of Bacteriology, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
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29
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Rodrigues ME, Gomes F, Rodrigues CF. Candida spp./Bacteria Mixed Biofilms. J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 6:jof6010005. [PMID: 31861858 PMCID: PMC7151131 DOI: 10.3390/jof6010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to form biofilms is a common feature of microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi. These consortiums can colonize a variety of surfaces, such as host tissues, dentures, and catheters, resulting in infections highly resistant to drugs, when compared with their planktonic counterparts. This refractory effect is particularly critical in polymicrobial biofilms involving both fungi and bacteria. This review emphasizes Candida spp.-bacteria biofilms, the epidemiology of this community, the challenges in the eradication of such biofilms, and the most relevant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Rodrigues
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO–Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.E.R.); (F.G.)
| | - Fernanda Gomes
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO–Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.E.R.); (F.G.)
| | - Célia F. Rodrigues
- LEPABE–Dep. of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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30
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Shi MM, Monsel A, Rouby JJ, Xu YP, Zhu YG, Qu JM. Inoculation Pneumonia Caused by Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2198. [PMID: 31636610 PMCID: PMC6787291 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale Although frequently retrieved in tracheal secretions of critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation, the existence of pneumonia caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) remains controversial. Objective To assess whether Staphylococcus haemolyticus (S. haemolyticus) inoculated in mice’s trachea can infect normal lung parenchyma, increasing concentrations of S. haemolyticus were intratracheally administered in 221 immunocompetent mice. Methods Each animal received intratracheally phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (n = 43) or live (n = 141) or inactivated (n = 37) S. haemolyticus at increasing load: 1.0 × 106, 1.0 × 107, and 1.0 × 108 colony forming units (CFU). Forty-three animals were sacrificed at 12 h and 178 were sacrificed at 36 h; 64 served for post-mortem lung histology, 157 served for pre-mortem bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) analysis, and 42 served for post-mortem quantitative bacteriology of lung tissue. The distribution of biofilm-associated genes was investigated in the S. haemolyticus strain used in our in vivo experiment as well as among 19 other clinical S. haemolyticus strains collected from hospitals or nursing houses. Measurements and Main Results Intratracheal inoculation of 1.0 × 108 CFU live S. haemolyticus caused macroscopic and histological confluent pneumonia with significant increase in BAL white cell count, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2. At 12 h, high concentrations of S. haemolyticus were identified in BAL. At 36 h, lung injury and BAL inflammation were less severe than at 12 h and moderate concentrations of species belonging to the oropharyngeal flora were identified in lung tissue. The inoculation of 1.0 × 106 and 1.0 × 107 CFU live S. haemolyticus caused histologic interstitial pneumonia and moderate BAL inflammation. Similar results were observed after inoculation of inactivated S. haemolyticus. Moreover, biofilm formation was a common phenotype in S. haemolyticus isolates. The low prevalence of the ica operon in our clinical S. haemolyticus strain collection indicated icaA and icaD independent-biofilm formation. Conclusion In immunocompetent spontaneously breathing mice, inoculation of S. haemolyticus causes concentration-dependent lung infection that spontaneously recovers over time. icaA and icaD independent biofilm formation is a common phenotype in S. haemolyticus isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Antoine Monsel
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR-S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France.,Biotherapy (CIC-BTi) and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Rouby
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Yan-Ping Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Gang Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Ming Qu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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31
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Martínez-García S, Ortega-Peña S, De Haro-Cruz MDJ, Aguilera-Arreola MG, Alcántar-Curiel MD, Betanzos-Cabrera G, Jan-Roblero J, Pérez-Tapia SM, Rodríguez-Martínez S, Cancino-Diaz ME, Cancino-Diaz JC. Non-biofilm-forming commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates produce biofilm in the presence of trypsin. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e906. [PMID: 31389671 PMCID: PMC6813491 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies comparing clinical and commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates suggest that biofilm formation is a discriminant biomarker. A study showed that four non-biofilm-forming clinical S. epidermidis isolates could form an induced biofilm by trypsin treatment, suggesting that S. epidermidis can form biofilms in a protease-independent way and in a trypsin-induced way. In this study, the trypsin capacity to induce biofilm formation was evaluated in non-biofilm-forming S. epidermidis isolates (n = 133) in order to support this mechanism and to establish the importance of total biofilms (meaning the sum of protease-independent biofilm and trypsin-induced biofilm). Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from ocular infections (OI; n = 24), prosthetic joint infections (PJI; n = 64), and healthy skin (HS-1; n = 100) were screened for protease-independent biofilm formation according to Christensen's method. The result was that there are significant differences (p < .0001) between clinical (43.2%) and commensal (17%) protease-independent biofilm producers. Meanwhile, non-biofilm-forming isolates were treated with trypsin, and biofilm formation was evaluated by the same method. The number of commensal trypsin-induced biofilm producers significantly increased from 17% to 79%. In contrast, clinical isolates increased from 43.2% to 72.7%. The comparison between clinical and commensal total biofilm yielded no significant differences (p = .392). A similar result was found when different isolation sources were compared (OI vs. HS-1 and PJI vs. HS-1). The genotype icaA- /aap+ was associated with the trypsin-induced biofilm phenotype; however, no correlation was observed between aap mRNA expression and the level of trypsin-induced biofilm phenotype. Studying another group of commensal S. epidermidis non-biofilm-forming isolates (HS-2; n = 139) from different body sites, it was found that 70 isolates (60.3%) formed trypsin-induced biofilms. In conclusion, trypsin is capable of inducing biofilm production in non-biofilm-forming commensal S. epidermidis isolates with the icaA- /aap+ genotype, and there is no significant difference in total biofilms when comparing clinical and commensal isolates, suggesting that total biofilms are not a discriminant biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Martínez-García
- Laboratory of Immunomicrobiology, Department of Microbiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvestre Ortega-Peña
- Laboratory of Immunomicrobiology, Department of Microbiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratory of Infectology, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María De Jesús De Haro-Cruz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ma Guadalupe Aguilera-Arreola
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Dolores Alcántar-Curiel
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Janet Jan-Roblero
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos" (UDIBI), Department of Immunology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Rodríguez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Immunology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario E Cancino-Diaz
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Immunology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan C Cancino-Diaz
- Laboratory of Immunomicrobiology, Department of Microbiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Josse J, Valour F, Maali Y, Diot A, Batailler C, Ferry T, Laurent F. Interaction Between Staphylococcal Biofilm and Bone: How Does the Presence of Biofilm Promote Prosthesis Loosening? Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1602. [PMID: 31379772 PMCID: PMC6653651 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aging of population, the number of indications for total joint replacement is continuously increasing. However, prosthesis loosening can happen and is related to two major mechanisms: (1) aseptic loosening due to prosthesis micromotion and/or corrosion and release of wear particles from the different components of the implanted material and (2) septic loosening due to chronic prosthetic joint infection (PJI). The “aseptic” character of prosthesis loosening has been challenged over the years, especially considering that bacteria can persist in biofilms and be overlooked during diagnosis. Histological studies on periprosthetic tissue samples reported that macrophages are the principle cells associated with aseptic loosening due to wear debris. They produce cytokines and favor an inflammatory environment that induces formation and activation of osteoclasts, leading to bone resorption and periprosthetic osteolysis. In PJIs, the presence of infiltrates of polymorphonuclear neutrophils is a major criterion for histological diagnosis. Neutrophils are colocalized with osteoclasts and zones of osteolysis. A similar inflammatory environment also develops, leading to bone resorption through osteoclasts. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus lugdunensis are the main staphylococci observed in PJIs. They share the common feature to form biofilm. For S. aureus and S. epidermidis, the interaction between biofilm and immunes cells (macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophils) differs regarding the species. Indeed, the composition of extracellular matrix of biofilm seems to impact the interaction with immune cells. Recent papers also reported the major role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in biofilm-associated PJIs with S. aureus. These cells prevent lymphocyte infiltration and facilitate biofilm persistence. Moreover, the role of T lymphocytes is still unclear and potentially underestimates. In this review, after introducing the cellular mechanism of aseptic and septic loosening, we will focus on the interrelationships between staphylococcal biofilm, immune cells, and bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Josse
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence des Infections Ostéo-articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Florent Valour
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence des Infections Ostéo-articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yousef Maali
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alan Diot
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Batailler
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence des Infections Ostéo-articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Tristan Ferry
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence des Infections Ostéo-articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence des Infections Ostéo-articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Taha L, Stegger M, Söderquist B. Staphylococcus lugdunensis: antimicrobial susceptibility and optimal treatment options. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1449-1455. [PMID: 31144243 PMCID: PMC6647525 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) with unusual pathogenicity resembling that of S. aureus. Unlike other CoNS, S. lugdunensis remains susceptible to most antibiotics. The resistance to penicillin varies widely (range, 15–87% worldwide), whereas methicillin resistance is still rare. We aimed to evaluate treatment options for infections caused by S. lugdunensis and more specifically to investigate whether penicillin G could be a better treatment choice than oxacillin. Susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method for penicillin G, cefoxitin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, norfloxacin, fusidic acid, rifampicin, and fosfomycin. Isolates susceptible to penicillin G were further tested with a gradient test for penicillin G and oxacillin. Of the 540 clinical isolates tested, 74.6% were susceptible to penicillin G. Among these penicillin-susceptible isolates, the MIC50 and MIC90 values for penicillin G were threefold lower than that for oxacillin. A majority of the isolates were susceptible to all other antibiotics tested. Breakpoints for fosfomycin have not yet been defined, and so no conclusions could be drawn. Two isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and carried the mecA gene; whole-genome sequencing revealed that both harbored the SCCmec element type IVa(2B). S. lugdunensis isolated in Sweden were susceptible to most tested antibiotics. Penicillin G may be a more optimal treatment choice than oxacillin. Although carriage of the mecA gene is rare among S. lugdunensis, it does occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Taha
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Marc Stegger
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Söderquist
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Örebro University Hospital, SE-701 85, Örebro, Sweden.
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Osmotic stress induces biofilm production by Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from neonates. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 94:337-341. [PMID: 30885396 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the leading causes of bloodstream infections, particularly in premature neonates, and biofilm formation is a major virulence factor. We characterized biofilm formation by 50 S. epidermidis neonatal isolates under osmotic stress and evaluated the expression of biofilm-associated genes. Phenotypical analyses of biofilm production were performed in culture medium with or without addition of NaCl or glucose. In control medium (no additions), most isolates (84%) were nonproducers or weak biofilm producers. Growth in NaCl-containing medium increased the number of moderate/strong producers, and this increase was even greater in medium containing glucose. Most of the protein-enriched biofilms (60%) could be observed only during growth in glucose, whereas 50% of the polysaccharide-enriched biofilms were observed during growth in NaCl. Studies that evaluate the conditions used to characterize biofilm production are important to help us understand the dynamics of this important virulence factor in S. epidermidis and their impact on neonatal infections.
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Yong YY, Dykes GA, Choo WS. Biofilm formation by staphylococci in health-related environments and recent reports on their control using natural compounds. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:201-222. [PMID: 30786799 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1573802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococci are Gram-positive bacteria that are ubiquitous in the environment and able to form biofilms on a range of surfaces. They have been associated with a range of human health issues such as medical device-related infection, localized skin infection, or direct infection caused by toxin production. The extracellular material produced by these bacteria resists antibiotics and host defence mechanism which complicates the treatment process. The commonly reported Staphylococcus species are Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis as they inhabit human bodies. However, the emergence of other staphylococci, such as S. haemolyticus, S. lugdunensis, S. saprophyticus, S. capitis, S. saccharolyticus, S. warneri, S. cohnii, and S. hominis, is also of concern and they have been associated with biofilm formation. This review critically assesses recent cases on the biofilm formation by S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and other staphylococci reported in health-related environments. The control of biofilm formation by staphylococci using natural compounds is specifically discussed as they represent potential anti-biofilm agents which may reduce the burden of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yi Yong
- a School of Science , Monash University Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Gary A Dykes
- b School of Public Health , Curtin University , Bentley , Australia
| | - Wee Sim Choo
- a School of Science , Monash University Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia
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36
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Panda S, Singh DV. Biofilm Formation by ica-Negative Ocular Isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2687. [PMID: 30487781 PMCID: PMC6247817 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus haemolyticus is the second most frequently isolated CoNS from ocular infections and human blood cultures. In this study, we examined 18 ocular S. haemolyticus isolates for their capacity to form biofilm and conducted detachment assay to determine the composition of the biofilm matrix and involvement of various elements in cell lysis. PCR identified the presence of biofilm-associated genes, and ica operon and CLSM visualized the components of the biofilm matrix. We found that PIA-independent biofilm formation is the characteristic feature of S. haemolyticus isolates, irrespective of the sources of isolation, and protein or DNA or both are the major components of the biofilm matrix. Cell lysis enabling DNA release was an essential step for biofilm attachment during the initial stages of biofilm development. The srtA transcript expression study indicates its role in the early stages of biofilm development. We found the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in the eDNA and gDNA thus suggesting the possible role of biofilm in horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants. The overall study indicates that S. haemolyticus formed the biofilm comprising of protein or DNA or both and srtA play a role in the initial development of biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasmita Panda
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Durg Vijai Singh
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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37
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Establishment of incubation conditions to optimize the in vitro formation of mature Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on food-contact surfaces. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Poosarla VG, Wood TL, Zhu L, Miller DS, Yin B, Wood TK. Dispersal and inhibitory roles of mannose, 2-deoxy-d-glucose and N-acetylgalactosaminidase on the biofilm of Desulfovibrio vulgaris. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 9:779-787. [PMID: 28925553 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are often the major cause of microbiologically influenced corrosion. The representative SRB Desulfovibrio vulgaris has previously been shown to have a biofilm that consists primarily of protein. In this study, by utilizing lectin staining, we identified that the biofilm of D. vulgaris also consists of the matrix components mannose, fucose and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), with mannose predominating. Based on these results, we found that the addition of mannose and the nonmetabolizable mannose analog 2-deoxy-d-glucose inhibits the biofilm formation of D. vulgaris as well as that of D. desulfuricans; both compounds also dispersed the SRB biofilms. In addition, the enzyme N-acetylgalactosaminidase, which degrades GalNAc, was effective in dispersing D. vulgaris biofilms. Therefore, by determining composition of the SRB biofilm, effective biofilm control methods may be devised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata G Poosarla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Thammajun L Wood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Daniel S Miller
- Dow Microbial Control, Dow Chemical Company, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Bei Yin
- Dow Microbial Control, Dow Chemical Company, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Thomas K Wood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of biofilm formation among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from clinical specimens, an Atomic Force Microscopic (AFM) study. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:533-539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Abstract
The implication of coagulase-negative staphylococci in human diseases is a major issue, particularly in hospital settings wherein these species often act as opportunistic pathogens. In addition, some coagulase-negative staphylococci such as S. lugdunensis have emerged as pathogenic bacteria, implicated in severe infections, particularly, osteoarticular infections, foreign-body-associated infections, bacteremia, and endocarditis. In vitro studies have shown the presence of several putative virulence factors such as adhesion factors, biofilm production, and proteolytic factors that might explain clinical manifestations. Taken together, the clinical and microbiological data might change the way clinicians and microbiologists look at S. lugdunensis in clinical samples.
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Efficient Killing of Planktonic and Biofilm-Embedded Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci by Bactericidal Protein P128. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00457-17. [PMID: 28559263 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00457-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the major causative agents of foreign-body-related infections, including catheter-related bloodstream infections. Because of the involvement of biofilms, foreign-body-related infections are difficult to treat. P128, a chimeric recombinant phage-derived ectolysin, has been shown to possess bactericidal activity on strains of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). We tested the killing potential of P128 on three clinically significant species of CoNS, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, and S. lugdunensis, under a variety of physiological conditions representing growing and nongrowing states. The MIC90 and minimum bactericidal concentration at which 90% of strains tested are killed (MBC90) of P128 on 62 clinical strains of CoNS were found to be 16 and 32 μg/ml (0.58 and 1.16 μM), respectively, demonstrating the bactericidal nature of P128 on CoNS strains. Serum showed a potentiating effect on P128 inhibition, as indicated by 4- to 32-fold lower MIC values observed in serum. P128 caused a rapid loss of viability in all CoNS strains tested. Persisters of CoNS that were enriched in the presence of vancomycin or daptomycin were killed by P128 at 1× the MIC in a rapid manner. Low concentrations of P128 caused a 2- to 5-log reduction in CFU in stationary-phase or poorly metabolizing CoNS cultures. P128 at low concentrations eliminated CoNS biofilms in microtiter plates and on the surface of catheters. Combinations of P128 and standard-of-care (SoC) antibiotics were highly synergistic in inhibiting growth in preformed biofilms. Potent activity on planktonic cells, persisters, and biofilms of CoNS suggests that P128 is a promising candidate for the clinical development of treatments for foreign-body-related and other CoNS infections.
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Abstract
The staphylococci comprise a diverse genus of Gram-positive, nonmotile commensal organisms that inhabit the skin and mucous membranes of humans and other mammals. In general, staphylococci are benign members of the natural flora, but many species have the capacity to be opportunistic pathogens, mainly infecting individuals who have medical device implants or are otherwise immunocompromised. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are major sources of hospital-acquired infections and are the most common causes of surgical site infections and medical device-associated bloodstream infections. The ability of staphylococci to form biofilms in vivo makes them highly resistant to chemotherapeutics and leads to chronic diseases. These biofilm infections include osteomyelitis, endocarditis, medical device infections, and persistence in the cystic fibrosis lung. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of our current understanding of staphylococcal biofilm formation, with an emphasis on adhesins and regulation, while also addressing how staphylococcal biofilms interact with the immune system. On the whole, this review will provide a thorough picture of biofilm formation of the staphylococcus genus and how this mode of growth impacts the host.
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Kinetics of biofilm formation by Staphylococcus lugdunensis strains in bone and joint infections. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 88:298-304. [PMID: 28529089 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical presentation and 1-year follow-up of patients with bone and joint infections (BJIs) caused by Staphylococcus lugdunensis and evaluate its biofilm-forming capacities. PATIENTS AND METHODS Overall, 28 patients with BJIs from VISLISI clinical trials were included. We evaluated 1-year clinical follow-up and analyzed biofilm production kinetics of the 28 strains using the BioFilm Ring Test®. RESULTS Of all patients, 12 had osteoarticular infections without material and 16 had prosthetic joint infections, of which 9 underwent a 1-stage revision procedure. At the 1-year follow-up, all patients were cured but needed a surgical intervention. Diabetes affected 46.4% of all patients. Of all, 20 strains (71.4%) started biofilm formation within 2 h, but all strains started the formation after 4 h experiment, and 25 strains (89.3%) reached a maximum after 6 h. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the clinical and surgical management of BJIs caused by S. lugdunensis and shows that 1-stage prosthesis exchange procedures may be efficient. Further, It shows that biofilm production by this strain was not marginal and directly impacted clinical and surgical management.
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The Staphylococcus epidermidis gdpS regulates biofilm formation independently of its protein-coding function. Microb Pathog 2017; 105:264-271. [PMID: 28259672 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The second messenger cyclic di-guanylate (c-di-GMP) plays an important role in controlling the switch between planktonic and biofilm lifestyles. The synthesis of c-di-GMP is catalyzed by di-guanylate cyclases (DGCs) and the enzymes are characterized by the presence of a conserved GGDEF domain. In the sequenced staphylococcal genomes, gdpS is the only gene encoding a GGDEF domain-containing protein. Previous studies have shown that gdpS contributes to staphylococcal biofilm formation, but its effect remains under debate. In the present study, we deleted gdpS in Staphylococcus epidermidis strain RP62A. Disruption of gdpS in this strain impaired biofilm formation under both static and dynamic flow conditions, suggesting that gdpS act as a positive regulator of biofilm development in this high-biofilm-forming isolate. The predicted translational start site of gdpS in S. epidermidis differs between the Refseq database and the Genbank database. By using site-directed mutagenesis and Western blot analysis, we determined GdpS is translated from the start codon annotated in the Refseq database. In addition, mutation in the GGDEF domain did not affect the ability of gdpS to complement the biofilm defect of the gdpS mutant. Heterologous di-guanylate cyclases expressed in trans failed to complement the gdpS mutant. These results confirmed that gdpS modulates staphylococcal biofilm independently of c-di-GMP signaling pathway. Furthermore, mutations of the start codon did not abolish the capacity of gdpS to enhance biofilm formation. Taken together, these findings indicated that the S. epidermidis gdpS regulates biofilm formation independently of its protein-coding function.
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Rezaie Keikhaie K, Sargazi A, Hassansnhahian M, Shahi Z. Detection of Intracellular Adhesion (ica) and Biofilm Formation Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Clinical Samples. RESEARCH IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/rmm.5.1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Argemi X, Prévost G, Riegel P, Keller D, Meyer N, Baldeyrou M, Douiri N, Lefebvre N, Meghit K, Ronde Oustau C, Christmann D, Cianférani S, Strub JM, Hansmann Y. VISLISI trial, a prospective clinical study allowing identification of a new metalloprotease and putative virulence factor from Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 23:334.e1-334.e8. [PMID: 28017792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus that displays an unusually high virulence rate close to that of Staphylococcus aureus. It also shares phenotypic properties with S. aureus and several studies found putative virulence factors. The objective of the study was to describe the clinical manifestations of S. lugdunensis infections and investigate putative virulence factors. METHOD We conducted a prospective study from November 2013 to March 2016 at the University Hospital of Strasbourg. Putative virulence factors were investigated by clumping factor detection, screening for proteolytic activity, and sequence analysis using tandem nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS In total, 347 positive samples for S. lugdunensis were collected, of which 129 (37.2%) were from confirmed cases of S. lugdunensis infection. Eighty-one of these 129 patients were included in the study. Bone and prosthetic joints (PJI) were the most frequent sites of infection (n=28; 34.6%) followed by skin and soft tissues (n=23; 28.4%). We identified and purified a novel protease secreted by 50 samples (61.7%), most frequently associated with samples from deep infections and PJI (pr 0.97 and pr 0.91, respectively). Protease peptide sequencing by nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed a novel protease bearing 62.42% identity with ShpI, a metalloprotease secreted by Staphylococcus hyicus. CONCLUSION This study confirms the pathogenicity of S. lugdunensis, particularly in bone and PJI. We also identified a novel metalloprotease called lugdulysin that may contribute to virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Argemi
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, CHRU de Strasbourg, VBP EA7290, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Institut de Bactériologie, 3 Rue Koeberlé, Strasbourg, France.
| | - G Prévost
- Université de Strasbourg, CHRU de Strasbourg, VBP EA7290, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Institut de Bactériologie, 3 Rue Koeberlé, Strasbourg, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - P Riegel
- Université de Strasbourg, CHRU de Strasbourg, VBP EA7290, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Institut de Bactériologie, 3 Rue Koeberlé, Strasbourg, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - D Keller
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - N Meyer
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Service de Santé Publique, Strasbourg, France
| | - M Baldeyrou
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Strasbourg, France
| | - N Douiri
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Strasbourg, France
| | - N Lefebvre
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Strasbourg, France
| | - K Meghit
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Immunologie Clinique, Strasbourg, France
| | - C Ronde Oustau
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, CCOM, Strasbourg, France
| | - D Christmann
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, CHRU de Strasbourg, VBP EA7290, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Institut de Bactériologie, 3 Rue Koeberlé, Strasbourg, France
| | - S Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Département des Sciences Analytiques, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 (CNRS-UdS), Strasbourg, France
| | - J M Strub
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Département des Sciences Analytiques, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 (CNRS-UdS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Y Hansmann
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, CHRU de Strasbourg, VBP EA7290, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Institut de Bactériologie, 3 Rue Koeberlé, Strasbourg, France
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Pinheiro L, Brito CI, Oliveira AD, Pereira VC, Cunha MDLRDSD. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus: detection of biofilm genes and biofilm formation in blood culture isolates from patients in a Brazilian teaching hospital. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 86:11-4. [PMID: 27344542 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Infections with coagulase-negative staphylococci are often related to biofilm formation. This study aimed to detect biofilm formation and biofilm-associated genes in blood culture isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. haemolyticus. Half (50.6%) of the 85 S. epidermidis isolates carried the icaAD genes and 15.3% the bhp gene, while these numbers were 42.9% and 0 for S. haemolyticus, respectively. According to the plate test, 30 S. epidermidis isolates were biofilm producers and 40% of them were strongly adherent, while only one (6%) of the 17 S. haemolyticus biofilm-producing isolates exhibited a strongly adherent biofilm. The concomitant presence of icaA and icaD was significantly associated with the plate and tube test results (P ≤ 0.0004). The higher frequency of icaA in S. epidermidis and of icaD in S. haemolyticus is correlated with the higher biofilm-producing capacity of the former since, in contrast to IcaD, IcaA activity is sufficient to produce small amounts of polysaccharide. Although this study emphasizes the importance of icaAD and bhp for biofilm formation in S. epidermidis, other mechanisms seem to be involved in S. haemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Pinheiro
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Patologia,Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carla Ivo Brito
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Adilson de Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Valéria Cataneli Pereira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Schlafer S, Meyer RL. Confocal microscopy imaging of the biofilm matrix. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 138:50-59. [PMID: 26979645 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is an integral part of microbial biofilms and an important field of research. Confocal laser scanning microscopy is a valuable tool for the study of biofilms, and in particular of the biofilm matrix, as it allows real-time visualization of fully hydrated, living specimens. Confocal microscopes are held by many research groups, and a number of methods for qualitative and quantitative imaging of the matrix have emerged in recent years. This review provides an overview and a critical discussion of techniques used to visualize different matrix compounds, to determine the concentration of solutes and the diffusive properties of the biofilm matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schlafer
- Department of Dentistry, HEALTH, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Rikke L Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Bioscience, Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Sato M, Kubota N, Horiuchi A, Kasai M, Minami K, Matsui H. Frequency, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of Staphylococcus lugdunensis Bacteremia in children. J Infect Chemother 2016; 22:298-302. [PMID: 26898664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus lugdunensis (S. lugdunensis) is known as a common cause of clinically significant infections in adults although the clinical importance of S. lugdunensis isolates from pediatric samples is less known. The aim of this study is to assess the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of S. lugdunensis bacteremia (SLB) in children. METHODS From January 2009 to March 2014, all blood culture isolates were retrospectively screened for S. lugdunensis. We analyzed the isolates for antimicrobial susceptibility and patients who had developed SLB by reviewing the electronic medical records. Additionally, we identified mecA and blaZ for available isolates by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Of the 647 positive blood cultures during the period, 277 (42.8%) yielded coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), and 10 of 277 CoNS were S. lugdunensis (3.6% of all CoNS isolates). Of eight SLB episodes identified, seven (87.5%) were considered to have clinically significant bacteremia. All patients had underlying diseases, and all SLB were either healthcare-associated or hospital acquired. There was no infectious endocarditis (IE) development. All patients were treated with antibiotics and recovered without sequelae. We found that the isolates in our study showed higher antibiotic resistance to penicillin (8/8: 100%) and oxacillin (6/8: 75.0%) than previously reported. Among isolates available, we detected mecA in all four isolates resistant to oxacillin and blaZ in 5 of 6 isolates resistant to penicillin. CONCLUSIONS S. lugdunensis is a rare but an important cause of bacteremia in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Sato
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Nagano Children's Hospital, Japan
| | - Noriko Kubota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagano Children's Hospital, Japan
| | - Ayaka Horiuchi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagano Children's Hospital, Japan
| | - Masashi Kasai
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Nagano Children's Hospital, Japan
| | - Kisei Minami
- Department of General Pediatrics, Nagano Children's Hospital, Japan
| | - Hikoro Matsui
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Nagano Children's Hospital, Japan.
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Mendoza-Olazarán S, Morfín-Otero R, Villarreal-Treviño L, Rodríguez-Noriega E, Llaca-Díaz J, Camacho-Ortiz A, González GM, Casillas-Vega N, Garza-González E. Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144684. [PMID: 26659110 PMCID: PMC4685997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. Methods The study included 67 S. hominis blood isolates. Methicillin resistance was evaluated with the cefoxitin disk test. mecA gene and SCCmec were detected by multiplex PCR. Genetic relatedness was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Biofilm formation and composition were evaluated by staining with crystal violet and by detachment assay, respectively; and the biofilm index (BI) was determined. Detection and expression of icaADBC genes were performed by multiplex PCR and real-time PCR, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. Results Eighty-five percent (57/67) of isolates were methicillin resistant and mecA positive. Of the mecA-positive isolates, 66.7% (38/57) carried a new putative SCCmec type. Four clones were detected, with two to five isolates each. Among all isolates, 91% (61/67) were categorised as strong biofilm producers. Biofilm biomass composition was heterogeneous (polysaccharides, proteins and DNA). All isolates presented the icaD gene, and 6.66% (1/15) isolates expressed icaD. This isolate presented the five genes of ica operon. Higher BI and MBEC values than the MIC values were observed for amikacin, vancomycin, linezolid, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. Conclusions S. hominis isolates were highly resistant to methicillin and other antimicrobials. Most of the detected SCCmec types were different than those described for S. aureus. Isolates indicated low clonality. The results indicate that S. hominis is a strong biofilm producer with an extracellular matrix with similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine; and presents high frequency and low expression of icaD gene. Biofilm production is associated with increased antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Mendoza-Olazarán
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Rayo Morfín-Otero
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, and Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Licet Villarreal-Treviño
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Noriega
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, and Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Jorge Llaca-Díaz
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Adrián Camacho-Ortiz
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Gloria M. González
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Néstor Casillas-Vega
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Elvira Garza-González
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- * E-mail:
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