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Lin X, Krishnamoorthy P, Walker EC, Joshi H, Morley SC. Expression of non-phosphorylatable S5A-L-plastin exerts phenotypes distinct from L-plastin deficiency during podosome formation and phagocytosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1020091. [PMID: 37138794 PMCID: PMC10150066 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The actin cytoskeleton remodels to enable diverse processes essential to immunity, such as cell adhesion, migration and phagocytosis. A panoply of actin-binding proteins regulate these rapid rearrangements to induce actin-based shape changes and to generate force. L-plastin (LPL) is a leukocyte-specific, actin-bundling protein that is regulated in part by phosphorylation of the Ser-5 residue. LPL deficiency in macrophages impairs motility, but not phagocytosis; we recently found that expression of LPL in which the S5 residue is converted to a non-phosphorylatable alanine (S5A-LPL) resulted in diminished phagocytosis, but unimpaired motility. Methods: To provide mechanistic insight into these findings, we now compare the formation of podosomes (an adhesive structure) and phagosomes in alveolar macrophages derived from wild-type (WT), LPL-deficient, or S5A-LPL mice. Both podosomes and phagosomes require rapid remodeling of actin, and both are force-transmitting. Actin rearrangement, force generation, and signaling rely upon recruitment of many actin-binding proteins, including the adaptor protein vinculin and the integrin-associated kinase Pyk2. Prior work suggested that vinculin localization to podosomes was independent of LPL, while Pyk2 was displaced by LPL deficiency. We therefore chose to compare vinculin and Pyk2 co-localization with F-actin at sites of adhesion of phagocytosis in AMs derived from WT, S5A-LPL or LPL-/- mice, using Airyscan confocal microscopy. Results: As described previously, podosome stability was significantly disrupted by LPL deficiency. In contrast, LPL was dispensable for phagocytosis and was not recruited to phagosomes. Recruitment of vinculin to sites of phagocytosis was significantly enhanced in cells lacking LPL. Expression of S5A-LPL impeded phagocytosis, with reduced appearance of ingested bacteria-vinculin aggregates. Discussion: Our systematic analysis of the regulation of LPL during podosome vs. phagosome formation illuminates essential remodeling of actin during key immune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Praveen Krishnamoorthy
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Emma C. Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Hemant Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sharon Celeste Morley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Sharon Celeste Morley,
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Park MD, Silvin A, Ginhoux F, Merad M. Macrophages in health and disease. Cell 2022; 185:4259-4279. [PMID: 36368305 PMCID: PMC9908006 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of tissue macrophages, in health and in disease, has become increasingly transparent over the last decade. But with the plethora of data comes a natural need for organization and the design of a conceptual framework for how we can better understand the origins and functions of different macrophages. We propose that the ontogeny of a macrophage-beyond its fundamental derivation as either embryonically or bone marrow-derived, but rather inclusive of the course of its differentiation, amidst steady-state cues, disease-associated signals, and time-constitutes a critical piece of information about its contribution to homeostasis or the progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Park
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aymeric Silvin
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore.
| | - Miriam Merad
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Linehan JB, Zepeda JL, Mitchell TA, LeClair EE. Follow that cell: leukocyte migration in L-plastin mutant zebrafish. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2022; 79:26-37. [PMID: 35811499 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Actin assemblies are important in motile cells such as leukocytes which form dynamic plasma membrane extensions or podia. L-plastin (LCP1) is a leukocyte-specific calcium-dependent actin-bundling protein that, in mammals, is known to affect immune cell migration. Previously, we generated CRISPR/Cas9 engineered zebrafish lacking L-plastin (lcp1-/-) and reported that they had reduced survival to adulthood, suggesting that lack of this actin-bundler might negatively affect the immune system. To test this hypothesis, we examined the distribution and migration of neutrophils and macrophages in the transparent tail of early zebrafish larvae using cell-specific markers and an established wound-migration assay. Knockout larvae were similar to their heterozygous siblings in having equal body sizes and comparable numbers of neutrophils in caudal hematopoietic tissue at two days post-fertilization, indicating no gross defect in neutrophil production or developmental migration. When stimulated by a tail wound, all genotypes of neutrophils were equally migratory in a two-hour window. However for macrophages we observed both migration defects and morphological differences. L-plastin knockout macrophages (lcp1 -/-) still homed to wounds but were slower, less directional and had a star-like morphology with many leading and trailing projections. In contrast, heterozygous macrophages lcp1 (+/-) were faster, more directional, and had a streamlined, slug-like morphology. Overall, these findings show that in larval zebrafish L-plastin knockout primarily affects the macrophage response with possible consequences for organismal immunity. Consistent with our observations, we propose a model in which cytoplasmic L-plastin negatively regulates macrophage integrin adhesion by holding these transmembrane heterodimers in a 'clasped', inactive form and is a necessary part of establishing macrophage polarity during chemokine-induced motility. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Linehan
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, USA
| | - J L Zepeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, USA
| | - T A Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, USA
| | - E E LeClair
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, USA
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4
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Woo J, Clair GC, Williams SM, Feng S, Tsai CF, Moore RJ, Chrisler WB, Smith RD, Kelly RT, Paša-Tolić L, Ansong C, Zhu Y. Three-dimensional feature matching improves coverage for single-cell proteomics based on ion mobility filtering. Cell Syst 2022; 13:426-434.e4. [PMID: 35298923 PMCID: PMC9119937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell proteomics (scProteomics) promises to advance our understanding of cell functions within complex biological systems. However, a major challenge of current methods is their inability to identify and provide accurate quantitative information for low-abundance proteins. Herein, we describe an ion-mobility-enhanced mass spectrometry acquisition and peptide identification method, transferring identification based on FAIMS filtering (TIFF), to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of label-free scProteomics. TIFF extends the ion accumulation times for peptide ions by filtering out singly charged ions. The peptide identities are assigned by a three-dimensional MS1 feature matching approach (retention time, accurate mass, and FAIMS compensation voltage). The TIFF method enabled unbiased proteome analysis to a depth of >1,700 proteins in single HeLa cells, with >1,100 proteins consistently identified. As a demonstration, we applied the TIFF method to obtain temporal proteome profiles of >150 single murine macrophage cells during lipopolysaccharide stimulation and identified time-dependent proteome changes. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Woo
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Geremy C Clair
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Sarah M Williams
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Song Feng
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Chia-Feng Tsai
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - William B Chrisler
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Ryan T Kelly
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Ljiljana Paša-Tolić
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Charles Ansong
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Ying Zhu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
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Song M, Zhang X, Gao Y, Wan B, Wang J, Li J, Song Y, Shen X, Wang L, Huang M, Wang X. RNA sequencing reveals the emerging role of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid exosome lncRNAs in acute lung injury. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13159. [PMID: 35378935 PMCID: PMC8976476 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) exosomes possess different properties in different diseases, which are mediated through microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), among others. By sequencing the differentially expressed lncRNAs in BALF exosomes, we seek potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of acute lung injury (ALI). Methods Considering that human and rat genes are about 80% similar, ALI was induced using lipopolysaccharide in six male Wistar rats, with six rats as control (all weighing 200 ± 20 g and aged 6-8 weeks). BALF exosomes were obtained 24 h after ALI. The exosomes in BALF were extracted by ultracentrifugation. The differential expression of BALF exosomal lncRNAs in BALF was analyzed by RNA sequencing. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to predict the functions of differentially expressed lncRNAs, which were confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results Compared with the control group, the ALI group displayed a higher wet/dry ratio, tumor necrosis factor-α levels, and interleukin-6 levels (all P < 0.001). The airway injection of exosomes in rats led to significant infiltration by neutrophils. A total of 2,958 differentially expressed exosomal lncRNAs were identified, including 2,524 upregulated and 434 downregulated ones. Five lncRNAs confirmed the reliability of the sequencing data. The top three GO functions were phagocytic vesicle membrane, regulation of receptor biosynthesis process, and I-SMAD binding. Salmonella infection, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and osteoclast differentiation were the most enriched KEGG pathways. The lncRNA-miRNA interaction network of the five confirmed lncRNAs could be predicted using miRDB. Conclusions BALF-derived exosomes play an important role in ALI development and help identify potential therapeutic targets related to ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuwei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yizhou Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinqiang Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xuchang People’s Hospital, Xuchang, Henan, China
| | - Jinghang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Joshi H, Almgren-Bell A, Anaya EP, Todd EM, Van Dyken SJ, Seth A, McIntire KM, Singamaneni S, Sutterwala F, Morley SC. L-plastin enhances NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110507. [PMID: 35294888 PMCID: PMC8998782 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage adhesion and stretching have been shown to induce interleukin (IL)-1β production, but the mechanism of this mechanotransduction remains unclear. Here we specify the molecular link between mechanical tension on tissue-resident macrophages and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which governs IL-1β production. NLRP3 activation enhances antimicrobial defense, but excessive NLRP3 activity causes inflammatory tissue damage in conditions such as pulmonary fibrosis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. We find that the actin-bundling protein L-plastin (LPL) significantly enhances NLRP3 assembly. Specifically, LPL enables apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC) oligomerization during NLRP3 assembly by stabilizing ASC interactions with the kinase Pyk2, a component of cell-surface adhesive structures called podosomes. Upon treatment with exogenous NLRP3 activators, lung-resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) lacking LPL exhibit reduced caspase-1 activity, IL-1β cleavage, and gasdermin-D processing. LPL−/− mice display resistance to bleomycin-induced lung injury and fibrosis. These findings identify the LPL-Pyk2-ASC pathway as a target for modulation in NLRP3-mediated inflammatory conditions. In this study, Joshi et al. identify a crucial modulator, L-plastin, in lung inflammation. L-plastin supports the macrophage inflammatory response to enhance lung fibrosis during lung injury by connecting inflammation and mechanical stimuli in a process called mechanotransduction. The findings from this study will help determine efficient targets for diagnosis and treatment of lung inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Joshi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alison Almgren-Bell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Edgar P Anaya
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Todd
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven J Van Dyken
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anushree Seth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Katherine M McIntire
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Fayyaz Sutterwala
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Sharon C Morley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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7
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Anaya EP, Lin X, Todd EM, Szasz TP, Morley SC. Novel Mouse Model Reveals That Serine Phosphorylation of L-Plastin Is Essential for Effective Splenic Clearance of Pneumococcus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2135-2145. [PMID: 33858961 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Asplenia imparts susceptibility to life-threatening sepsis with encapsulated bacteria, such as the pneumococcus. However, the cellular components within the splenic environment that guard against pneumococcal bacteremia have not been defined. The actin-bundling protein L-plastin (LPL) is essential for the generation of marginal zone B cells and for anti-pneumococcal host defense, as revealed by a mouse model of genetic LPL deficiency. In independent studies, serine phosphorylation of LPL at residue 5 (S5) has been described as a key "switch" in regulating LPL actin binding and subsequent cell motility, although much of the data are correlative. To test the importance of S5 phosphorylation in LPL function, and to specifically assess the requirement of LPL S5 phosphorylation in anti-pneumococcal host defense, we generated the "S5A" mouse, expressing endogenous LPL bearing a serine-to-alanine mutation at this position. S5A mice were bred to homozygosity, and LPL was expressed at levels equivalent to wild-type, but S5 phosphorylation was absent. S5A mice exhibited specific impairment in clearance of pneumococci following i.v. challenge, with 10-fold-higher bacterial bloodstream burden 24 h after challenge compared with wild-type or fully LPL-deficient animals. Defective bloodstream clearance correlated with diminished population of marginal zone macrophages and with reduced phagocytic capacity of multiple innate immune cells. Development and function of other tested leukocyte lineages, such as T and B cell motility and activation, were normal in S5A mice. The S5A mouse thus provides a novel system in which to elucidate the precise molecular control of critical immune cell functions in specific host-pathogen defense interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar P Anaya
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; and
| | - Xue Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; and
| | - Elizabeth M Todd
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; and
| | - Taylor P Szasz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; and
| | - S Celeste Morley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; and .,Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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8
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Shu T, Ning W, Wu D, Xu J, Han Q, Huang M, Zou X, Yang Q, Yuan Y, Bie Y, Pan S, Mu J, Han Y, Yang X, Zhou H, Li R, Ren Y, Chen X, Yao S, Qiu Y, Zhang DY, Xue Y, Shang Y, Zhou X. Plasma Proteomics Identify Biomarkers and Pathogenesis of COVID-19. Immunity 2020; 53:1108-1122.e5. [PMID: 33128875 PMCID: PMC7574896 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global public health crisis. However, little is known about the pathogenesis and biomarkers of COVID-19. Here, we profiled host responses to COVID-19 by performing plasma proteomics of a cohort of COVID-19 patients, including non-survivors and survivors recovered from mild or severe symptoms, and uncovered numerous COVID-19-associated alterations of plasma proteins. We developed a machine-learning-based pipeline to identify 11 proteins as biomarkers and a set of biomarker combinations, which were validated by an independent cohort and accurately distinguished and predicted COVID-19 outcomes. Some of the biomarkers were further validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a larger cohort. These markedly altered proteins, including the biomarkers, mediate pathophysiological pathways, such as immune or inflammatory responses, platelet degranulation and coagulation, and metabolism, that likely contribute to the pathogenesis. Our findings provide valuable knowledge about COVID-19 biomarkers and shed light on the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shu
- Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology & Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China
| | - Wanshan Ning
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology & Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China
| | - Jiqian Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Qiangqiang Han
- SpecAlly Life Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei 430075, China
| | - Muhan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology & Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China
| | - Xiaojing Zou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Qingyu Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology & Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology & Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China; Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Bie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shangwen Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jingfang Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology & Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China
| | - Yang Han
- Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology & Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology & Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China; Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China
| | - Ruiting Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yujie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology & Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China
| | - Xi Chen
- SpecAlly Life Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei 430075, China
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China; Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology & Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ding-Yu Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology & Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China; Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China; Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
| | - Yu Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - You Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China; Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
| | - Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China; Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology & Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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9
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Zeng Q, Li L, Feng Z, Luo L, Xiong J, Jie Z, Cao Y, Li Z. LCP1 is a prognostic biomarker correlated with immune infiltrates in gastric cancer. Cancer Biomark 2020; 30:105-125. [PMID: 32986657 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have identified LCP1 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in several cancers. However, the role of LCP1 in gastric cancer (GC) and its effect on tumor immune infiltration remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim was to explore the role of LCP1 in GC and its effect on tumor immune infiltration. METHODS We explored the expression of LCP1 relative to clinicopathology in GC patients by bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemistry. Using cBioportal database, we analyzed the characteristic genetic variations of LCP1 in GC. In addition, we evaluated the correlation between LCP1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) using R software, TIMER and TISIDB databases. Finally, we analyzed the biological functions in which LCP1 may participate and the signaling pathways it may regulate. RESULTS Here, we showed that LCP1 expression is significantly correlated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in GC patients. Additionally, the results indicated that LCP1 was associated with TILs, including both immunosuppressive and immunosupportive cells, and was strongly correlated with various immune marker sets in GC. GSEA analysis demonstrated that LCP1 expression played an important role in lymphocyte formation and immune reaction. CONCLUSIONS LCP1 may be a potential prognostic biomarker for GC patients and a marker for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Leyan Li
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zongfeng Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lianghua Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianbo Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhigang Jie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhengrong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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10
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Rayees S, Rochford I, Joshi JC, Joshi B, Banerjee S, Mehta D. Macrophage TLR4 and PAR2 Signaling: Role in Regulating Vascular Inflammatory Injury and Repair. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2091. [PMID: 33072072 PMCID: PMC7530636 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in dictating the tissue response to infection and orchestrating subsequent repair of the damage. In this context, macrophages residing in the lungs continuously sense and discriminate among a wide range of insults to initiate the immune responses important to host-defense. Inflammatory tissue injury also leads to activation of proteases, and thereby the coagulation pathway, to optimize injury and repair post-infection. However, long-lasting inflammatory triggers from macrophages can impair the lung's ability to recover from severe injury, leading to increased lung vascular permeability and neutrophilic injury, hallmarks of Acute Lung Injury (ALI). In this review, we discuss the roles of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and protease activating receptor 2 (PAR2) expressed on the macrophage cell-surface in regulating lung vascular inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Rayees
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ian Rochford
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jagdish Chandra Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bhagwati Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Somenath Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
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11
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Schaffner-Reckinger E, Machado RAC. The actin-bundling protein L-plastin-A double-edged sword: Beneficial for the immune response, maleficent in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 355:109-154. [PMID: 32859369 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic organization of the actin cytoskeleton into bundles and networks is orchestrated by a large variety of actin-binding proteins. Among them, the actin-bundling protein L-plastin is normally expressed in hematopoietic cells, where it is involved in the immune response. However, L-plastin is also often ectopically expressed in malignant cancer cells of non-hematopoietic origin and is even considered as a marker for cancer progression. Post-translational modification modulates L-plastin activity. In particular, L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation has been shown to be important for the immune response in leukocytes as well as for invasion and metastasis formation of carcinoma cells. This chapter discusses the physiological and pathological role of L-plastin with a special focus on the importance of L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation for the protein functions. The potential use of Ser5 phosphorylated L-plastin as a biomarker and/or therapeutic target will be evoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schaffner-Reckinger
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Raquel A C Machado
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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12
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Lohrmann F, Forde AJ, Merck P, Henneke P. Control of myeloid cell density in barrier tissues. FEBS J 2020; 288:405-426. [PMID: 32502309 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The interface between the mammalian host and its environment is formed by barrier tissues, for example, of the skin, and the respiratory and the intestinal tracts. On the one hand, barrier tissues are colonized by site-adapted microbial communities, and on the other hand, they contain specific myeloid cell networks comprising macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes. These immune cells are tightly regulated in function and cell number, indicating important roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis and immune balance in the presence of commensal microorganisms. The regulation of myeloid cell density and activation involves cell-autonomous 'single-loop circuits' including autocrine mechanisms. However, an array of microenvironmental factors originating from nonimmune cells and the microbiota, as well as the microanatomical structure, impose additional layers of regulation onto resident myeloid cells. This review discusses models integrating these factors into cell-specific programs to instruct differentiation and proliferation best suited for the maintenance and renewal of immune homeostasis in the tissue-specific environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florens Lohrmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunodeficiency (IFI), Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School for Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,IMM-PACT Clinician Scientist Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aaron J Forde
- Institute for Immunodeficiency (IFI), Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, university of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Merck
- Institute for Immunodeficiency (IFI), Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunodeficiency (IFI), Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Lu X, Kugadas A, Smith-Page K, Lamb J, Lin T, Ru Y, Morley SC, Fichorova R, Mittal SK, Chauhan SK, Littleton S, Saban D, Gadjeva M. Neutrophil L-Plastin Controls Ocular Paucibacteriality and Susceptibility to Keratitis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:547. [PMID: 32318063 PMCID: PMC7147296 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Why ocular mucosa is paucibacterial is unknown. Many different mechanisms have been suggested but the comprehensive experimental studies are sparse. We found that a deficiency in L-plastin (LCP1), an actin bundling protein, resulted in an ocular commensal overgrowth, characterized with increased presence of conjunctival Streptococcal spp. The commensal overgrowth correlated with susceptibility to P. aeruginosa-induced keratitis. L-plastin knock-out (KO) mice displayed elevated bacterial burden in the P. aeruginosa-infected corneas, altered inflammatory responses, and compromised bactericidal activity. Mice with ablation of LPL under the LysM Cre (LysM. CreposLPLfl/fl ) and S100A8 Cre (S100A8.CreposLPLfl/fl ) promoters had a similar phenotype to the LPL KOs mice. In contrast, infected CD11c.CreposLPLfl/fl mice did not display elevated susceptibility to infection, implicating the myeloid L-plastin-sufficient cells (e.g., macrophages and neutrophils) in maintaining ocular homeostasis. Mechanistically, the elevated commensal burden and the susceptibility to infection were linked to defects in neutrophil frequencies at steady state and during infection and compromised bactericidal activities upon priming. Macrophage exposure to commensal organisms primed neutrophil responses to P. aeruginosa, augmenting PMN bactericidal capacity in an L-plastin dependent manner. Cumulatively, our data highlight the importance of neutrophils in controlling ocular paucibacteriality, reveal molecular and cellular events involved in the process, and suggest a link between commensal exposure and resistance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Abirami Kugadas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kirsten Smith-Page
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Lamb
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tiffany Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yusha Ru
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Raina Fichorova
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, United States
| | - Sharad K. Mittal
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sunil K. Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sejiro Littleton
- Duke Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Daniel Saban
- Duke Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Mihaela Gadjeva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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14
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Todd EM, Ramani R, Szasz TP, Morley SC. Inhaled GM-CSF in neonatal mice provides durable protection against bacterial pneumonia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax3387. [PMID: 31453341 PMCID: PMC6693910 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax3387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia poses profound health threats to preterm infants. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) eliminate inhaled pathogens while maintaining surfactant homeostasis. As AM development only occurs perinatally, therapies that accelerate AM maturation in preterms may improve outcomes. We tested therapeutic rescue of AM development in mice lacking the actin-bundling protein L-plastin (LPL), which exhibit impaired AM development and increased susceptibility to pneumococcal lung infection. Airway administration of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to LPL-/- neonates augmented AM production. Airway administration distinguishes the delivery route from prior human infant trials. Adult LPL-/- animals that received neonatal GM-CSF were protected from experimental pneumococcal challenge. No detrimental effects on surfactant metabolism or alveolarization were observed. Airway recombinant GM-CSF administration thus shows therapeutic promise to accelerate neonatal pulmonary immunity, protecting against bacterial pneumonia.
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15
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Baumgartner EA, Compton ZJ, Evans S, Topczewski J, LeClair EE. Identification of regulatory elements recapitulating early expression of L-plastin in the zebrafish enveloping layer and embryonic periderm. Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 32:53-66. [PMID: 30940554 PMCID: PMC6655599 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have cloned and characterized an intronic fragment of zebrafish lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1 (lcp1, also called L-plastin) that drives expression to the zebrafish enveloping layer (EVL). L-plastin is a calcium-dependent actin-bundling protein belonging to the plastin/fimbrin family of proteins, and is necessary for the proper migration and attachment of several adult cell types, including leukocytes and osteoclasts. However, in zebrafish lcp1 is abundantly expressed much earlier, during differentiation of the EVL. The cells of this epithelial layer migrate collectively, spreading vegetally over the yolk. L-plastin expression persists into the larval periderm, a transient epithelial tissue that forms the first larval skin. This finding establishes that L-plastin is activated in two different embryonic waves, with a distinct regulatory switch between the early EVL and the later leukocyte. To better study L-plastin expressing cells we attempted CRISPR/Cas9 homology-driven recombination (HDR) to insert a self-cleaving peptide (Cre-P2A-EGFP-CAAX) downstream of the native lcp1 promoter. This produced a stable zebrafish line expressing Cre recombinase in EVL nuclei and green fluorescence in EVL cell membranes. In vivo tracking of these labeled cells provided enhanced views of EVL migration behavior, membrane extensions, and mitotic events. Finally, we experimentally dissected key elements of the targeted lcp1 locus, discovering a ∼300 bp intronic sequence sufficient to drive EVL expression. The lcp1: Cre-P2A-EGFP-CAAX zebrafish should be useful for studying enveloping layer specification, gastrulation movements and periderm development in this widely used vertebrate model. In addition, the conserved regulatory sequences we have isolated predict that L-plastin orthologs may have a similar early expression pattern in other vertebrate embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Spencer Evans
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, USA
| | - Jacek Topczewski
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
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16
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Integrated Functional Analysis of the Nuclear Proteome of Classically and Alternatively Activated Macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:3481430. [PMID: 31182931 PMCID: PMC6515079 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3481430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (Mφ) play a central role in coordinating host response to pathogens, cellular injury, and environmental stimuli. Herein, we report multidimensional, nuclear proteomic analyses of protein expression and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that control biological processes during Mφ activation. For this, Mφ were incubated with IFN-γ/LPS and IL-4, and their differentiation to proinflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2a, referred as M2 for simplicity throughtout the manuscript) phenotypes was confirmed by detection of CD64 and CD206 surface markers and TNF-α, arginase I, and iNOS-dependent nitrite levels. We used a sequential method of organellar enrichment and labeling of nuclear fractions with BODIPY FL-maleimide fluorescence dye followed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) to capture quantitative changes in abundance and S-nitrosylated (SNO) proteome signatures. Exact same gels were then labeled with Pro-Q Diamond to detect protein phosphorylation. MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis of the protein spots with fold change of ≥|1.5| in any of the groups yielded 229 identifications. We found that 145, 78, and 173 protein spots in M1 Mφ and 105, 81, and 164 protein spots in M2 Mφ were changed in abundance, S-nitrosylation, and phosphorylation, respectively, with respect to M0 controls (fold change: ≥|1.5|, p ≤ 0.05). Targeted analysis by immunoprecipitation and Western blotting was performed to verify the differential abundance and phosphorylation levels of two of the proteins in M1 and M2 (vs. M0) Mφ. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of the nuclear proteome datasets showed that the abundance and posttranslational (SNO and Phosphor) modifications of the proteins predicted to be involved in cytoskeletal organization/cell movement, phagocytosis/endocytosis, and cell proliferation/cell death were differentially regulated with proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory activation of Mφ.
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17
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Menon D, Singh K, Pinto SM, Nandy A, Jaisinghani N, Kutum R, Dash D, Prasad TSK, Gandotra S. Quantitative Lipid Droplet Proteomics Reveals Mycobacterium tuberculosis Induced Alterations in Macrophage Response to Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:559-569. [PMID: 30663302 PMCID: PMC6466475 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Growing
evidence suggests the importance of lipid metabolism in pathogenesis
of tuberculosis. Neutral lipids form the majority of lipids in a caseous
granuloma, a pathology characteristic of tuberculosis. Cytosolic lipid
droplets (LDs) of macrophages form the store house of these lipids
and have been demonstrated to contribute to the inflammatory response
to infection. The proteome of lipid droplets reflects the mechanisms
of lipid metabolism active under a condition. However, infection induced
changes in the proteome of these dynamic organelles remains elusive.
Here, we employed quantitative proteomics to identify alterations
induced upon infection with live Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in comparison with heat killed bacilli or uninfected macrophages.
We found increased abundance of proteins coupled with lipid metabolism,
protein synthesis, and vesicular transport function in LDs upon infection
with live Mtb. Using biochemical methods and microscopy, we validated
ADP-ribosyltransferase (Arf)-like 8 (ARL8B) to be increased on the
lipid droplet surface of live Mtb infected macrophages and that ARL8B
is a bonafide LD protein. This study provides the first proteomic
evidence that the dynamic responses to infection also encompass changes
at the level of LDs. This information will be important in understanding
how Mtb manipulates lipid metabolism and defense mechanisms of the
host macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Menon
- Cardiorespiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kaurab Singh
- Cardiorespiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sneha M. Pinto
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Ananya Nandy
- Cardiorespiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Neetika Jaisinghani
- Cardiorespiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rintu Kutum
- Informatics and Big Data, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Debasis Dash
- Informatics and Big Data, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - T. S. Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Sheetal Gandotra
- Cardiorespiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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18
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Targeted deletion of the zebrafish actin-bundling protein L-plastin (lcp1). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190353. [PMID: 29293625 PMCID: PMC5749806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the cytoskeleton is essential for cell migration in health and disease. Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1 (lcp1, also called L-plastin) is a hematopoietic-specific actin-bundling protein that is highly conserved in zebrafish, mice and humans. In addition, L-plastin expression is documented as both a genetic marker and a cellular mechanism contributing to the invasiveness of tumors and transformed cell lines. Despite L-plastin’s role in both immunity and cancer, in zebrafish there are no direct studies of its function, and no mutant, knockout or reporter lines available. Using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, we generated null alleles of zebrafish lcp1 and examined the phenotypes of these fish throughout the life cycle. Our editing strategy used gRNA to target the second exon of lcp1, producing F0 mosaic fish that were outcrossed to wild types to confirm germline transmission. F1 heterozygotes were then sequenced to identify three unique null alleles, here called ‘Charlie’, ‘Foxtrot’ and ‘Lima’. In silico, each allele truncates the endogenous protein to less than 5% normal size and removes both essential actin-binding domains (ABD1 and ABD2). Although none of the null lines express detectable LCP1 protein, homozygous mutant zebrafish (-/-) can develop and reproduce normally, a finding consistent with that of the L-plastin null mouse (LPL -/-). However, such mice do have a profound immune defect when challenged by lung bacteria. Interestingly, we observed reduced long-term survival of zebrafish lcp1 -/- homozygotes (~30% below the expected numbers) in all three of our knockout lines, with greatest mortality corresponding to the period (4–6 weeks post-fertilization) when the innate immune system is functional, but the adaptive immune system is not yet mature. This suggests that null zebrafish may have reduced capacity to combat opportunistic infections, which are more easily transmissible in the aquatic environment. Overall, our novel mutant lines establish a sound genetic model and an enhanced platform for further studies of L-plastin gene function in hematopoiesis and cancer.
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19
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Alveolar macrophage development in mice requires L-plastin for cellular localization in alveoli. Blood 2016; 128:2785-2796. [PMID: 27758872 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-03-705962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages are lung-resident sentinel cells that develop perinatally and protect against pulmonary infection. Molecular mechanisms controlling alveolar macrophage generation have not been fully defined. Here, we show that the actin-bundling protein L-plastin (LPL) is required for the perinatal development of alveolar macrophages. Mice expressing a conditional allele of LPL (CD11c.Crepos-LPLfl/fl) exhibited significant reductions in alveolar macrophages and failed to effectively clear pulmonary pneumococcal infection, showing that immunodeficiency results from reduced alveolar macrophage numbers. We next identified the phase of alveolar macrophage development requiring LPL. In mice, fetal monocytes arrive in the lungs during a late fetal stage, maturing to alveolar macrophages through a prealveolar macrophage intermediate. LPL was required for the transition from prealveolar macrophages to mature alveolar macrophages. The transition from prealveolar macrophage to alveolar macrophage requires the upregulation of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), which is induced by exposure to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Despite abundant lung GM-CSF and intact GM-CSF receptor signaling, PPAR-γ was not sufficiently upregulated in developing alveolar macrophages in LPL-/- pups, suggesting that precursor cells were not correctly localized to the alveoli, where GM-CSF is produced. We found that LPL supports 2 actin-based processes essential for correct localization of alveolar macrophage precursors: (1) transmigration into the alveoli, and (2) engraftment in the alveoli. We thus identify a molecular pathway governing neonatal alveolar macrophage development and show that genetic disruption of alveolar macrophage development results in immunodeficiency.
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Rosen DA, Hilliard JK, Tiemann KM, Todd EM, Morley SC, Hunstad DA. Klebsiella pneumoniae FimK Promotes Virulence in Murine Pneumonia. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:649-58. [PMID: 26347570 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae, a chief cause of nosocomial pneumonia, is a versatile and commonly multidrug-resistant human pathogen for which further insight into pathogenesis is needed. We show that the pilus regulatory gene fimK promotes the virulence of K. pneumoniae strain TOP52 in murine pneumonia. This contrasts with the attenuating effect of fimK on urinary tract virulence, illustrating that a single factor may exert opposing effects on pathogenesis in distinct host niches. Loss of fimK in TOP52 pneumonia was associated with diminished lung bacterial burden, limited innate responses within the lung, and improved host survival. FimK expression was shown to promote serum resistance, capsule production, and protection from phagocytosis by host immune cells. Finally, while the widely used K. pneumoniae model strain 43816 produces rapid dissemination and death in mice, TOP52 caused largely localized pneumonia with limited lethality, thereby providing an alternative tool for studying K. pneumoniae pathogenesis and control within the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Rosen
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Julia K Hilliard
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kristin M Tiemann
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Elizabeth M Todd
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - S Celeste Morley
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David A Hunstad
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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