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Tang X, Xu S, Yang Z, Wang K, Dai K, Zhang Y, Hu B, Wang Y, Cao S, Huang X, Yan Q, Wu R, Zhao Q, Du S, Wen X, Wen Y. EspP2 Regulates the Adhesion of Glaesserella parasuis via Rap1 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4570. [PMID: 38674155 PMCID: PMC11050538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Different levels of EspP2 expression are seen in strains of Glaesserella parasuis with high and low pathogenicity. As a potential virulence factor for G. parasuis, the pathogenic mechanism of EspP2 in infection of host cells is not clear. To begin to elucidate the effect of EspP2 on virulence, we used G. parasuis SC1401 in its wild-type form and SC1401, which was made EspP2-deficient. We demonstrated that EspP2 causes up-regulation of claudin-1 and occludin expression, thereby promoting the adhesion of G. parasuis to host cells; EspP2-deficiency resulted in significantly reduced adhesion of G. parasuis to cells. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of EspP2-treated PK15 cells revealed that the Rap1 signaling pathway is stimulated by EspP2. Blocking this pathway diminished occludin expression and adhesion. These results indicated that EspP2 regulates the adhesion of Glaesserella parasuis via Rap1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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2
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Rong Y, Liu Z, Wang H, Zhao Z. Comparison of the adherence of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae to lung epithelial cells. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:188. [PMID: 38347439 PMCID: PMC10863205 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) plays an important role in respiratory tract infections, and adherence to lung epithelial cells is the first step in lung infections. To explore the role of NTHi in childhood lung infections, a comparative study was conducted on the adherence of strains isolated from sputum culture and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to A549 lung epithelial cells. METHODS Haemophilus influenzae strains were obtained from the sample bank of Shenzhen Children's Hospital, and identified as NTHi via PCR detection of the capsule gene bexA. NTHi obtained from healthy children's nasopharyngeal swabs culture were selected as the control group, and a comparative study was conducted on the adherence of strains isolated from sputum culture or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients to A549 cells. RESULTS The adherence bacterial counts of NTHi isolated from the nasopharyngeal cultures of healthy children to A549 cells was 58.2 CFU. In patients with lung diseases, NTHi isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was 104.3 CFU, and from sputum cultures was 115.1 CFU, both of which were significantly higher in their adherence to A549 cells compared to the strains isolated from the healthy control group. There was no significant difference in adherence between the strains isolated from sputum cultures and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (t = 0.5217, p = 0.6033). CONCLUSION NTHi played an important role in childhood pulmonary infections by enhancing its adherence to lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Rong
- Shantou University Medicine College, Shantou University (STU), Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China
| | - Heping Wang
- Shantou University Medicine College, Shantou University (STU), Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China.
| | - Zuguo Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology of Basical Medicine of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523810, China
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3
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Matsuyama S, Komatsu K, Lee BC, Tasaki Y, Miyata M, Xu H, Shuto T, Kai H, Li JD. Negative Cross-Talk between TLR2/4-Independent AMPKα1 and TLR2/4-Dependent JNK Regulates S. pneumoniae-Induced Mucosal Innate Immune Response. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1532-1544. [PMID: 36165197 PMCID: PMC9659420 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is major cause of otitis media (OM) and life-threatening pneumonia. Overproduction of mucin, the major component of mucus, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of both OM and pneumonia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the tight regulation of mucin upregulation in the mucosal epithelium by S. pneumoniae infection remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that S. pneumoniae pneumolysin (PLY) activates AMP-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1), the master regulator of energy homeostasis, which is required for S. pneumoniae-induced mucin MUC5AC upregulation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we found that PLY activates AMPKα1 via cholesterol-dependent membrane binding of PLY and subsequent activation of the Ca2+- Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) and Cdc42-mixed-lineage protein kinase 3 (MLK3) signaling axis in a TLR2/4-independent manner. AMPKα1 positively regulates PLY-induced MUC5AC expression via negative cross-talk with TLR2/4-dependent activation of MAPK JNK, the negative regulator of MUC5AC expression. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of AMPKα1 suppressed MUC5AC induction in the S. pneumoniae-induced OM mouse model, thereby demonstrating its therapeutic potential in suppressing mucus overproduction in OM. Taken together, our data unveil a novel mechanism by which negative cross-talk between TLR2/4-independent activation of AMPKα1 and TLR2/4-dependent activation of JNK tightly regulates the S. pneumoniae PLY-induced host mucosal innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Matsuyama
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Kensei Komatsu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Byung-Cheol Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Yukihiro Tasaki
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Masanori Miyata
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Haidong Xu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Tsuyoshi Shuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jian-Dong Li
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; and
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4
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The pneumococcal two-component system SirRH is linked to enhanced intracellular survival of Streptococcus pneumoniae in influenza-infected pulmonary cells. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008761. [PMID: 32790758 PMCID: PMC7447016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The virus-bacterial synergism implicated in secondary bacterial infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae following infection with epidemic or pandemic influenza A virus (IAV) is well documented. However, the molecular mechanisms behind such synergism remain largely ill-defined. In pneumocytes infected with influenza A virus, subsequent infection with S. pneumoniae leads to enhanced pneumococcal intracellular survival. The pneumococcal two-component system SirRH appears essential for such enhanced survival. Through comparative transcriptomic analysis between the ΔsirR and wt strains, a list of 179 differentially expressed genes was defined. Among those, the clpL protein chaperone gene and the psaB Mn+2 transporter gene, which are involved in the stress response, are important in enhancing S. pneumoniae survival in influenza-infected cells. The ΔsirR, ΔclpL and ΔpsaB deletion mutants display increased susceptibility to acidic and oxidative stress and no enhancement of intracellular survival in IAV-infected pneumocyte cells. These results suggest that the SirRH two-component system senses IAV-induced stress conditions and controls adaptive responses that allow survival of S. pneumoniae in IAV-infected pneumocytes.
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Li F, Zhai D, Wu Z, Zhao Y, Qiao D, Zhao X. Impairment of the Cell Wall Ligase, LytR-CpsA-Psr Protein (LcpC), in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Reduces Its Resistance to Antibiotics and Infection in a Mouse Model of Sepsis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:557. [PMID: 32425893 PMCID: PMC7212477 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major opportunistic pathogen, infecting animals, and human beings. The bacterial cell wall plays a crucial role in antimicrobial resistance and its infection to host cells. Peptidoglycans (PGs) are a major component of the cell wall in S. aureus, which is heavily decorated with wall teichoic acids (WTAs) and capsular polysaccharides (CPs). The ligation of WTAs and CPs to PGs is catalyzed by LytR-CpsA-Psr (LCP) family proteins, including LcpA, LcpB, and LcpC. However, the involvement of LcpC in antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus and its infection to host cells remains unknown. By creating the LcpC-knockout strains, we showed that the deficiency in LcpC decreased the antimicrobial resistance to β-lactams and glycopeptides and impeded the binding to various epithelial cells. These changes were accompanied by the morphological changes in bacterial cell wall. More importantly, the knockout of LcpC significantly reduced the pathogenicity of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in mice. Our results suggest that LcpC might be an appealing target for developing a therapeutic approach against MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaowei Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dandan Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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6
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Liang J, Mantelos A, Toh ZQ, Tortorella SM, Ververis K, Vongsvivut J, Bambery KR, Licciardi PV, Hung A, Karagiannis TC. Investigation of potential anti-pneumococcal effects of l-sulforaphane and metabolites: Insights from synchrotron-FTIR microspectroscopy and molecular docking studies. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 97:107568. [PMID: 32097886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae infection can lead to pneumococcal disease, a major cause of mortality in children under the age of five years. In low- and middle-income country settings where pneumococcal disease burden is high, vaccine use is low and widespread antibiotic use has led to increased rates of multi-drug resistant pneumococci. l-sulforaphane (LSF), derived from broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables, has established anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-microbial properties. Hence, we sought to investigate the potential role of LSF against pneumococcal infection. Using a combination of in vitro and computational methods, the results showed that LSF and relevant metabolites had a potential to reduce pneumococcal adherence through modulation of host receptors, regulation of inflammation, or through direct modification of bacterial factors. Treatment with LSF and metabolites reduced pneumococcal adherence to respiratory epithelial cells. Synchrotron-Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (S-FTIR) revealed biochemical changes in protein and lipid profiles of lung epithelial cells following treatment with LSF or metabolites. Molecular docking studies of 116 pneumococcal and 89 host factors revealed a potent effect for the metabolite LSF-glutathione (GSH). A comprehensive list of factors involved in interactions between S. pneumoniae and host cells was compiled to construct a bacterium and host interaction network. Network analysis revealed plasminogen, fibronectin, and RrgA as key factors involved in pneumococcal-host interactions. Therefore, we propose that these constitute critical targets for direct inhibition by LSF and/or metabolites, which may disrupt pneumococcal-host adherence. Overall, our findings further enhance understanding of the potential role of LSF to modulate pneumococcal-host dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Liang
- Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia; School of Science, RMIT University, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Anita Mantelos
- Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Stephanie M Tortorella
- Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Katherine Ververis
- Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | | | - Keith R Bambery
- ANSTO Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew Hung
- School of Science, RMIT University, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Tom C Karagiannis
- Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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7
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Olotu C, Lehmensiek F, Koch B, Kiefmann M, Riegel AK, Hammerschmidt S, Kiefmann R. Streptococcus pneumoniae inhibits purinergic signaling and promotes purinergic receptor P2Y 2 internalization in alveolar epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12795-12806. [PMID: 31289122 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia is a global health challenge that causes up to 2 million deaths each year. Purinergic signaling plays a pivotal role in healthy alveolar epithelium. Here, we used fluorophore-based analysis and live-cell calcium imaging to address the question of whether the bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae directly interferes with purinergic signaling in alveolar epithelial cells. Disturbed purinergic signaling might result in pathophysiologic changes like edema formation and atelectasis, which are commonly seen in bacterial pneumonia. Purine receptors are mainly activated by ATP, mediating a cytosolic calcium response. We found that this purinergic receptor P2Y2-mediated response is suppressed in the presence of S. pneumoniae in A549 and isolated primary alveolar cells in a temperature-dependent manner. Downstream inositol 3-phosphate (IP3) signaling appeared to be unaffected, as calcium signaling via protease-activated receptor 2 remained unaltered. S. pneumoniae-induced suppression of the P2Y2-mediated calcium response depended on the P2Y2 phosphorylation sites Ser-243, Thr-344, and Ser-356, which are involved in receptor desensitization and internalization. Spinning-disk live-cell imaging revealed that S. pneumoniae induces P2Y2 translocation into the cytosol. In conclusion, our results show that S. pneumoniae directly inhibits purinergic signaling by inducing P2Y2 phosphorylation and internalization, resulting in the suppression of the calcium response of alveolar epithelial cells to ATP, thereby affecting cellular integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Olotu
- Center for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 22051 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Lehmensiek
- Center for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 22051 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Koch
- Center for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 22051 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kiefmann
- Center for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 22051 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Riegel
- Center for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 22051 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rainer Kiefmann
- Center for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 22051 Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Abstract
Small, monomeric guanine triphosphate hydrolases (GTPases) are ubiquitous cellular integrators of signaling. A signal activates the GTPase, which then binds to an effector molecule to relay a signal inside the cell. The GTPase effector trap flow cytometry assay (G-Trap) utilizes bead-based protein immobilization and dual-color flow cytometry to rapidly and quantitatively measure GTPase activity status in cell or tissue lysates. Beginning with commercial cytoplex bead sets that are color-coded with graded fluorescence intensities of a red (700 nm) wavelength, the bead sets are derivatized to display glutathione on the surface through a detailed protocol described here. A different glutathione-S-transferase-effector protein (GST-effector protein) can then be attached to the surface of each set. For the assay, users can incubate bead sets individually or in a multiplex format with lysates for rapid, selective capture of active, GTP-bound GTPases from a single sample. After that, flow cytometry is used to identify the bead-borne GTPase based on red bead intensity, and the amount of active GTPase per bead is detected using monoclonal antibodies conjugated to a green fluorophore or via labeled secondary antibodies. Three examples are provided to illustrate the efficacy of the effector-functionalized beads for measuring the activation of at least five GTPases in a single lysate from fewer than 50,000 cells.
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9
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Chen YY, Wang JT, Lin TL, Gong YN, Li TH, Huang YY, Hsieh YC. Prophage Excision in Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A ST320 Promote Colonization: Insight Into Its Evolution From the Ancestral Clone Taiwan 19F-14 (ST236). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:205. [PMID: 30800118 PMCID: PMC6375853 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae 19A ST320, a multidrug-resistant strain with high disease severity that notoriously spread before the use of expanded pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, was derived from a capsular switching event between an international strain Taiwan 19F-14 (ST236) and a serotype 19A strain. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptive evolution of 19F ST236 to 19A ST320 are unknown. In this study, we compared 19A ST320 to its ancestral clone, 19F ST236, in terms of adherence to respiratory epithelial cells, whole transcriptome, and ability to colonize a young mouse model. Serotype 19A ST320 showed five-fold higher adherence to A549 cells than serotype 19F ST236. High-throughput mRNA sequencing identified a prophage region located between dnaN and ychF in both strains; however, the genes in this region were expressed at significantly higher levels in 19A ST320 than in 19F ST236. Analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that the prophage is able to spontaneously excise from the chromosome and form a circular episome in 19A ST320, but not in 19F ST236. Deletion of the integrase in the prophage of 19A ST320 decreased spontaneous excision and cell adherence, which were restored by complementation. Competition experiments in mice showed that the integrase mutant was six-fold less competitive than the 19A ST320 parent (competitive index [CI]: 0.16; p = 0.02). The 19A ST320 prophage-deleted strain did not change cell adherence capacity, whereas prophage integration strains (integrase mutant and 19F) had decreased expression of the down-stream ychF gene compared to that of 19A ST320. Further deletion of ychF significantly reduced cell adherence. In conclusions, these findings suggest that spontaneous prophage induction confers a competitive advantage to virulent pneumococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Nong Gong
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yu Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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10
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Caruso M, Emma R, Fuochi V, Furneri PM, Polosa R. Electronic cigarette vapour enhances pneumococcal adherence to airway epithelial cells under abnormal conditions of exposure. Eur Respir J 2018; 52:52/3/1800915. [PMID: 30190260 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00915-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Caruso
- Dept of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (MEDCLIN), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalia Emma
- Dept of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (MEDCLIN), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Virginia Fuochi
- Dept of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pio M Furneri
- Dept of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Dept of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (MEDCLIN), University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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11
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Fu S, Guo J, Li R, Qiu Y, Ye C, Liu Y, Wu Z, Guo L, Hou Y, Hu CAA. Transcriptional Profiling of Host Cell Responses to Virulent Haemophilus parasuis: New Insights into Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051320. [PMID: 29710817 PMCID: PMC5983834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer’s disease in pigs. H. parasuis can cause vascular damage, although the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the host cell responses involved in the molecular pathway interactions in porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells (PAVECs) induced by H. parasuis using RNA-Seq. The transcriptome results showed that when PAVECs were infected with H. parasuis for 24 h, 281 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified; of which, 236 were upregulated and 45 downregulated. The 281 DEGs were involved in 136 KEGG signaling pathways that were organismal systems, environmental information processing, metabolism, cellular processes, and genetic information processing. The main pathways were the Rap1, FoxO, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, and the overexpressed genes were determined and verified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In addition, 252 genes were clustered into biological processes, molecular processes, and cellular components. Our study provides new insights for understanding the interaction between bacterial and host cells, and analyzed, in detail, the possible mechanisms that lead to vascular damage induced by H. parasuis. This may lead to development of novel therapeutic targets to control H. parasuis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Jing Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Ruizhi Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Chun Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Ling Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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12
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Nguyen CT, Luong TT, Lee SY, Kim GL, Pyo S, Rhee DK. ATF3 provides protection fromStaphylococcus aureusandListeria monocytogenesinfections. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw062. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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13
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Nguyen CT, Park SS, Rhee DK. Stress responses in Streptococcus species and their effects on the host. J Microbiol 2015; 53:741-9. [PMID: 26502957 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-015-5432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Streptococci cause a variety of diseases, such as dental caries, pharyngitis, meningitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, endocarditis, erysipelas, and necrotizing fasciitis. The natural niche of this genus of bacteria ranges from the mouth and nasopharynx to the skin, indicating that the bacteria will inevitably be subjected to environmental changes during invasion into the host, where it is exposed to the host immune system. Thus, the Streptococcus-host interaction determines whether bacteria are cleared by the host's defenses or whether they survive after invasion to cause serious diseases. If this interaction was to be deciphered, it could aid in the development of novel preventive and therapeutic agents. Streptococcus species possess many virulent factors, such as peroxidases and heat-shock proteins (HSPs), which play key roles in protecting the bacteria from hostile host environments. This review will discuss insights into the mechanism(s) by which streptococci adapt to host environments. Additionally, we will address how streptococcal infections trigger host stress responses; however, the mechanism by which bacterial components modulate host stress responses remains largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Thach Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Su-Won, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Sang Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Su-Won, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Rhee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Su-Won, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Zheng K, Kitazato K, Wang Y, He Z. Pathogenic microbes manipulate cofilin activity to subvert actin cytoskeleton. Crit Rev Microbiol 2015; 42:677-95. [PMID: 25853495 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2015.1010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin proteins are key players in controlling the temporal and spatial extent of actin dynamics, which is crucial for mediating host-pathogen interactions. Pathogenic microbes have evolved molecular mechanisms to manipulate cofilin activity to subvert the actin cytoskeletal system in host cells, promoting their internalization into the target cells, modifying the replication niche and facilitating their intracellular and intercellular dissemination. The study of how these pathogens exploit cofilin pathways is crucial for understanding infectious disease and providing potential targets for drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- a Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , Guangdong , People's Republic of China .,c Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Kaio Kitazato
- b Division of Molecular Pharmacology of Infectious Agents, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan , and
| | - Yifei Wang
- c Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhendan He
- a Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
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15
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Park SS, Kwon HY, Tran TDH, Choi MH, Jung SH, Lee S, Briles DE, Rhee DK. ClpL is a chaperone without auxiliary factors. FEBS J 2015; 282:1352-67. [PMID: 25662392 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Caseinolytic protease L (ClpL) is a member of the heat shock protein (Hsp) 100 family, which is found mostly in Gram-positive bacteria. Here, ClpL, a major HSP in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), was biochemically characterized in vitro. Recombinant ClpL shows nucleotide hydrolase, refolding, holdase and disaggregation activity using either Mg(2+) or Mn(2+) and does not require the DnaK system for chaperone activity. ClpL exhibits two features distinct from other HSP100 family proteins: (a) Mn(2+) enhances hydrolase activity, as well as chaperone activity; and (b) NTPase activity. ClpL forms a hexamer in the presence of ADP, ATP and ATP-γ-S. Mutational analysis using double-mutant proteins mutated at the two Walker A motifs (K127A/T128A and K458A/T459A) revealed that both nucleotide-binding domains are involved in chaperone activity, ATP hydrolase activity and hexamerization. Overall, pneumococcal ClpL is a unique Mn(2+) -dependent Hsp100 family member that has chaperone activity without other co-chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Sang Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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16
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Nguyen CT, Kim EH, Luong TT, Pyo S, Rhee DK. TLR4 mediates pneumolysin-induced ATF3 expression through the JNK/p38 pathway in Streptococcus pneumoniae-infected RAW 264.7 cells. Mol Cells 2015; 38:58-64. [PMID: 25518930 PMCID: PMC4314132 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor-3 (ATF3) acts as a negative regulator of cytokine production during Gram-negative bacterial infection. A recent study reported that ATF3 provides protection from Streptococcus pneumoniae infection by activating cytokines. However, the mechanism by which S. pneumoniae induces ATF3 after infection is still unknown. In this study, we show that ATF3 was upregulated via Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways in response to S. pneumoniae infection in vitro. Induction was mediated by TLR4 and TLR2, which are in the TLR family. The expression of ATF3 was induced by pneumolysin (PLY), a potent pneumococcal virulence factor, via the TLR4 pathway. Furthermore, ATF3 induction is mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Thus, this study reveals a potential role of PLY in modulating ATF3 expression, which is required for the regulation of immune responses against pneumococcal infection in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eun-Hye Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746,
Korea
| | - Truc Thanh Luong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746,
Korea
| | - Suhkneung Pyo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746,
Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Rhee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746,
Korea
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