1
|
Mi F, Guan M, Hu C, Peng F, Sun S, Wang X. Application of lectin-based biosensor technology in the detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria: a review. Analyst 2021; 146:429-443. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01459a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria pose a serious threat to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Mi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang normal University
- Urumqi
- China
- Xinjiang bingtuan Xingxin Vocational and Technical College
| | - Ming Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang normal University
- Urumqi
- China
| | - Cunming Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang normal University
- Urumqi
- China
| | - Fei Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang normal University
- Urumqi
- China
| | - Shijiao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang normal University
- Urumqi
- China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang normal University
- Urumqi
- China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hou X, Zhang W, Meng Y, Zhou W, Peng G, Lei J, Cong S, Song M, Li G, Li X. A New Anti‐Immune Evasion Strategy against Methicillin‐Resistant
Staphylococcus Aureus
(MRSA) Infections: Simulating Complement Immunotherapy Based on Complement‐Mimic Antibiotic Delivery System. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xucheng Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 China
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
| | - Wenxi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yansha Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 China
| | - Wenkai Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
| | - Guanghua Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 China
| | - Jiongxi Lei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 China
| | - Shuangchen Cong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 China
| | - Maoyuan Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 China
| | - Guiling Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
| | - Xinru Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Batra V, Dagar K, Nayak S, Kumaresan A, Kumar R, Datta TK. A Higher Abundance of O-Linked Glycans Confers a Selective Advantage to High Fertile Buffalo Spermatozoa for Immune-Evasion From Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1928. [PMID: 32983120 PMCID: PMC7483552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycans on the plasma membrane of cells manifest as the glycocalyx, which serves as an information-rich frontier that is directly in contact with its immediate milieu. The glycoconjugates (GCs) that adorn most of the mammalian cells are also abundant in gametes, especially the spermatozoa where they perform unique reproduction-specific functions e.g., inter-cellular recognition and communication. This study aimed to implicate the sperm glycosylation pattern as one of the factors responsible for low conception rates observed in buffalo bulls. We hypothesized that a differential abundance of glycans exists on the spermatozoa from bulls of contrasting fertilizing abilities endowing them with differential immune evasion abilities. Therefore, we investigated the role of glycan abundance in the phagocytosis and NETosis rates exhibited by female neutrophils (PMNs) upon exposure to such spermatozoa. Our results indicated that the spermatozoa from high fertile (HF) bulls possessed a higher abundance of O-linked glycans e.g., galactosyl (β-1,3)N-acetylgalactosamine and N-linked glycans like [GlcNAc]1-3, N-acetylglucosamine than the low fertile (LF) bull spermatozoa. This differential glycomic endowment appeared to affect the spermiophagy and NETosis rates exhibited by the female neutrophil cells (PMNs). The mean percentage of phagocytizing PMNs was significantly different (P < 0.0001) for HF and LF bulls, 28.44 and 59.59%, respectively. Furthermore, any introduced perturbations in the inherent sperm glycan arrangements promoted phagocytosis by PMNs. For example, after in vitro capacitation the mean phagocytosis rate (MPR) rate in spermatozoa from HF bulls significantly increased to 66.49% (P < 0.01). Likewise, the MPR increased to 70.63% (p < 0.01) after O-glycosidase & α2-3,6,8,9 Neuraminidase A treatment of spermatozoa from HF bulls. Moreover, the percentage of PMNs forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was significantly higher, 41.47% when exposed to spermatozoa from LF bulls vis-à-vis the spermatozoa from HF bulls, 15.46% (P < 0.0001). This is a pioneer report specifically demonstrating the role of O-linked glycans in the immune responses mounted against spermatozoa. Nevertheless, further studies are warranted to provide the measures to diagnose the sub-fertile phenotype thus preventing the losses incurred by incorrect selection of morphologically normal sperm in the AI/IVF reproduction techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Batra
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Komal Dagar
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Samiksha Nayak
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Arumugam Kumaresan
- Theriogenelogy Laboratory, SRS of National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Tirtha K Datta
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hjelle JT, Golinska BT, Waters DC, Steidley KR, Miller MA, McCarrol DR, Dobbie JW. Lectin Staining of Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells in Vitro. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089101100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A survey of lectin-binding specificities present on rodent and human mesothelial cells propagated and maintained in tissue culture was made using fluorescein isothiocynate conjugated (FITC) lectins. Rodent and human cells exhibited cell-associated fluorescence following exposure to the FITC-Iectins from C. ensiformis, T. vulgaris, A. hypogaea, E. cristagalli and B. simplicifolia, but not with lectins from G. max and D. biflorus. Rodent cells were also positive for FITC-M. pomifera lectin binding. Human, but not rodent, cells were positive for FITC T. purpureas lectin binding. Exposure of rabbit mesothelial cells in vitro to FITC-Iectins that bound to the cell surface resulted in the appearance of discrete loci of putatively intracellular fluorescence. Exposure of cells to ferritin-Iabelled T. vulgaris lectin at 37°C for as little as 7.5 minutes resulted in the appearance of ferritin-size particles in intracellular vesicles. These results demonstrate 1. the presence of lectinbinding sites in and on peritoneal mesothelial cells from rodents and humans and 2. a possible role of such sites in mediating the entry of lectin-Iike endogenous molecules into the vacuolar apparatus of these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Thomas Hjelle
- Basic Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria
| | - Barbara T. Golinska
- Basic Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria
| | - Diane C. Waters
- Basic Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria
| | - Kevin R. Steidley
- Basic Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria
| | - Marcia A. Miller
- Basic Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria
| | - David R. McCarrol
- Basic Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria
- Research Department, HOIR-American Red Cross, Peoria, Illinois
| | - James W. Dobbie
- Baxter R & D Europe, Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Nivelles, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu L, Zheng Y, Feng Y, Ma F. Role of L-selectin on leukocytes in the binding of sialic acids on sperm surface during the phagocytosis of sperm in female reproductive tract. Med Hypotheses 2018; 120:4-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
6
|
Dinh C, Farinholt T, Hirose S, Zhuchenko O, Kuspa A. Lectins modulate the microbiota of social amoebae. Science 2018; 361:402-406. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The social amoebaDictyostelium discoideummaintains a microbiome during multicellular development; bacteria are carried in migrating slugs and as endosymbionts within amoebae and spores. Bacterial carriage and endosymbiosis are induced by the secreted lectin discoidin I that binds bacteria, protects them from extracellular killing, and alters their retention within amoebae. This altered handling of bacteria also occurs with bacteria coated by plant lectins and leads to DNA transfer from bacteria to amoebae. Thus, lectins alter the cellular response ofD. discoideumto bacteria to establish the amoebae’s microbiome. Mammalian cells can also maintain intracellular bacteria when presented with bacteria coated with lectins, so heterologous lectins may induce endosymbiosis in animals. Our results suggest that endogenous or environmental lectins may influence microbiome homeostasis across eukaryotic phylogeny.
Collapse
|
7
|
Bosi G, DePasquale JA, Manera M, Castaldelli G, Giari L, Sayyaf Dezfuli B. Histochemical and immunohistochemical characterization of rodlet cells in the intestine of two teleosts, Anguilla anguilla and Cyprinus carpio. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:475-485. [PMID: 29159968 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rodlet cells (RC) are characterized by a distinctive cell cortex and conspicuous inclusions named "rodlets." These cells are particularly abundant and large in size in intestine of eels. Histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural investigations were carried out on European eel Anguilla anguilla and Common carp Cyprinus carpio from Northern Italy. Eight biotinylated lectins were used to probe for specific carbohydrate residues in deparaffinized, hydrated intestinal sections of eel and carp. Five antibodies were tested on intestinal sections of both fish species: inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS), leu-enkephalin, lysozyme, serotonin and tumour necrosis factor-α. Lectin histochemistry revealed rodlet cells (RCs) of the eel intestine to react with two of the eight lectins tested, specifically Concanavalin A (ConA) and Sambucus Nigra Agglutinin (SNA). This contrasted to lectin staining of RCs in the intestine of common carp, where four of the eight lectins showed a positive reaction; Dolichos Biflorus Agglutinin (DBA), Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA), SNA and ConA. RCs in eel and carp intestine were immunoreactive with antibodies to lysozyme and i-NOS. The occurrence of the inflammatory peptides lysozyme and i-NOS in RCs of the eel and common carp poses in favour that these cells are involved in the mechanism of defence against pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Bosi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - M Manera
- Faculty of Biosciences, Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - G Castaldelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Giari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - B Sayyaf Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pini T, Leahy T, Paul de Graaf S. Seminal plasma and cryopreservation alter ram sperm surface carbohydrates and interactions with neutrophils. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 30:689-702. [DOI: 10.1071/rd17251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatozoa deposited vaginally must navigate the physical, chemical and immune barriers of the cervix to reach the site of fertilisation. Characteristics that favour successful cervical transit remain largely unknown beyond the obvious factors of motility and viability. Epididymal and cryopreserved ram spermatozoa demonstrate poor cervical transit, for unknown reasons. We hypothesised that seminal plasma exposure and cryopreservation alter the surface sugars of these sperm populations and, consequently, their interaction with immune cells, both potential factors for successful cervical transit. The carbohydrate profiles of epididymal, ejaculated and frozen–thawed ram spermatozoa were assessed by flow cytometry and western blotting using lectins for galactose, sialic acid, N-acetylglucosamine and mannose. Seminal plasma exposure and cryopreservation caused significant changes to the relative amounts of surface sugars detected by flow cytometry and lectin blotting. Immune cell interaction was characterised using a neutrophil-binding assay. Seminal plasma acted as a robust protective mechanism, limiting binding of spermatozoa, whereas the media used for cryopreservation caused a significant disruption to opsonin-mediated binding. We were unable to demonstrate a link between changes to surface sugars and neutrophil susceptibility. Seminal plasma and cryopreservation clearly alter the sperm glycocalyx, as well as the interaction of spermatozoa with immune cells.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pham VTH, Murugaraj P, Mathes F, Tan BK, Truong VK, Murphy DV, Mainwaring DE. Copolymers enhance selective bacterial community colonization for potential root zone applications. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15902. [PMID: 29162884 PMCID: PMC5698314 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Managing the impact of anthropogenic and climate induced stress on plant growth remains a challenge. Here we show that polymeric hydrogels, which maintain their hydrous state, can be designed to exploit functional interactions with soil microorganisms. This microbial enhancement may mitigate biotic and abiotic stresses limiting productivity. The presence of mannan chains within synthetic polyacrylic acid (PAA) enhanced the dynamics and selectivity of bacterial ingress in model microbial systems and soil microcosms. Pseudomonas fluorescens exhibiting high mannan binding adhesins showed higher ingress and localised microcolonies throughout the polymeric network. In contrast, ingress of Bacillus subtilis, lacking adhesins, was unaltered by mannan showing motility comparable to bulk liquids. Incubation within microcosms of an agricultural soil yielded hydrogel populations significantly increased from the corresponding soil. Bacterial diversity was markedly higher in mannan containing hydrogels compared to both control polymer and soil, indicating enhanced selectivity towards microbial families that contain plant beneficial species. Here we propose functional polymers applied to the potential root zone which can positively influence rhizobacteria colonization and potentially plant growth as a new approach to stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vy T H Pham
- School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Pandiyan Murugaraj
- School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Falko Mathes
- SoilsWest, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA6009, Australia
| | - Boon K Tan
- School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Daniel V Murphy
- SoilsWest, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA6009, Australia
| | - David E Mainwaring
- School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hovhannisyan VA, Bazukyan IL, Gasparyan VK. Application of silver nanoparticles and CdSe quantum dots sensitized with of C-like lectin for detection of St. aureus. Comparison of various approaches. Talanta 2017; 175:366-369. [PMID: 28842004 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectin from hen egg shell as a recognition ligand for detection of St. aureus was applied. Three approaches for detection of bacteria were used and the sensitivities of the assays were compared. Two of them included spherical and anisotropic silver nanoparticles sensitized by lectin. In these cases the optical changes as a result of interaction of sensitized nanoparticles with bacteria were measured. In the third approach hybrid system of CdSe quantum dots-anisotropic silver nanoparticles sensitized by lectin was applied. Here fluorescent changes as a result of resonance energy transfer between nanoparticles as consequence of their interaction with bacteria were measured. The data demonstrate that assays with spherical silver nanoparticles permit to detect St. aureus in the range of 6 × 104/mL-2 × 107/mL, anisotropic silver nanoparticles in the range of 2 × 105/mL-1 × 108/mL, CdSe-Ag hybrid system in the range of 6 × 103/mL-2 × 107/mL. The data demonstrate that hybrid system CdSe-Ag with resonance energy transfer provides the best sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varduhi A Hovhannisyan
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
| | | | - Vardan K Gasparyan
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan 0014, Armenia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Almroth Wright, opsonins, innate immunity and the lectin pathway of complement activation: a historical perspective. Microbes Infect 2016; 18:450-9. [PMID: 27109231 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two clinical tests - the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the opsonic index - have long been known to non-specifically detect pathology based on their responsiveness to changes in serum proteins. In infections serum levels of specific antibodies increase. However, for healthy subjects Wright held that antibodies contributed minimally to opsonic activity (the complement-enhanced phagocytosis of microorganisms). The activity was present in newborn serum, was increased in the acute phase of an immune response prior to antibody increase, and was less specific. Furthermore, defective opsonization was associated with undue susceptibility to certain infections, for which a genetic basis was later found. With the demonstrations of complement-mediated lysis both of normal cells by foreign (plant) lectins, and of foreign cells (microorganisms) by animal lectins, it now appears that endogenous lectins correspond to the heat-stable component of Wright's serum opsonic activity. His work leads to the lectin pathway of complement activation with specificities limited to the recognition of relatively immutable surface sugars - predictable pathogen characters that contrast with the less predictable targets of the adaptive immune system.
Collapse
|
12
|
Denis M, Thayappan K, Ramasamy SM, Munusamy A. Opsonic function of sialic acid specific lectin in freshwater crab Paratelphusa jacquemontii. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:601. [PMID: 26543736 PMCID: PMC4628046 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The sialic acid specific humoral lectin, Pjlec of the freshwater crab Paratelphusa jacquemontii was investigated for its opsonin function with rabbit erythrocyte as target cell for phagocytosis by the crab's hemocyte. The untreated or trypsin treated erythrocyte induced lectin response after challenge however failed when treated with neuraminidase evidently indicating glycan dependency for elicited immune response. Our observation of in vitro phagocytosis of the erythrocyte untreated or coated with serum, clarified serum appeared to be recognized and engulfed by hemocytes but when coated with isolated lectin Pjlec, the response was elicited. Moreover, with trypsin treated erythrocyte the response remained unchanged but neuraminidase or O-glycosidase treatment eliminated the response reaction. This suggested the sialic acid specific reaction of lectin with the erythrocyte and was essential for recognition to allow the lectin Pjlec to act as an opsonin. The flowcytometry observation affirmed the enhancement of phagocytosis by Pjlec coated hemocyte. The efficiency of in vitro hemolysis of Pjlec coated erythrocyte with hemocyte when compared to untreated erythrocyte with or without hemocyte also established the opsonic function of the lectin. The mechanism of phagocytosis and induction were dependent on specific recognition of the erythrocyte by the multivalent binding site of the lectin protein, and the elicitation of the immune response was a function of the sialoglycan surface. The pathway of the challenge suggested that after entry of nonself recognition by lectin was followed by induction and activation of phagocytosis by opsonic binding of the lectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maghil Denis
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025 India
| | | | | | - Arumugam Munusamy
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025 India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nguyen-Lefebvre AT, Horuzsko A. Kupffer Cell Metabolism and Function. JOURNAL OF ENZYMOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2015; 1:101. [PMID: 26937490 PMCID: PMC4771376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Kupffer cells are resident liver macrophages and play a critical role in maintaining liver functions. Under physiological conditions, they are the first innate immune cells and protect the liver from bacterial infections. Under pathological conditions, they are activated by different components and can differentiate into M1-like (classical) or M2-like (alternative) macrophages. The metabolism of classical or alternative activated Kupffer cells will determine their functions in liver damage. Special functions and metabolism of Kupffer cells suggest that they are an attractive target for therapy of liver inflammation and related diseases, including cancer and infectious diseases. Here we review the different types of Kupffer cells and their metabolism and functions in physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thu Nguyen-Lefebvre
- Cancer Center, Molecular Oncology Program, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Anatolij Horuzsko
- Cancer Center, Molecular Oncology Program, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Cancer Center, Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang C, Ehrhardt CJ, Yadavalli VK. Single cell profiling of surface carbohydrates on Bacillus cereus. J R Soc Interface 2015; 12:rsif.2014.1109. [PMID: 25505137 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface carbohydrates are important to various bacterial activities and functions. It is well known that different types of Bacillus display heterogeneity of surface carbohydrate compositions, but detection of their presence, quantitation and estimation of variation at the single cell level have not been previously solved. Here, using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based recognition force mapping coupled with lectin probes, the specific carbohydrate distributions of N-acetylglucosamine and mannose/glucose were detected, mapped and quantified on single B. cereus surfaces at the nanoscale across the entire cell. Further, the changes of the surface carbohydrate compositions from the vegetative cell to spore were shown. These results demonstrate AFM-based 'recognition force mapping' as a versatile platform to quantitatively detect and spatially map key bacterial surface biomarkers (such as carbohydrate compositions), and monitor in situ changes in surface biochemical properties during intracellular activities at the single cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congzhou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Christopher J Ehrhardt
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Vamsi K Yadavalli
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Molecular characterization of a novel proto-type antimicrobial protein galectin-1 from striped murrel. Microbiol Res 2014; 169:824-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
16
|
Kupffer Cells in Health and Disease. MACROPHAGES: BIOLOGY AND ROLE IN THE PATHOLOGY OF DISEASES 2014. [PMCID: PMC7121975 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1311-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Kupffer cells (KC), the resident macrophages of the liver, represent the largest population of mononuclear phagocytes in the body. Phenotypic, developmental, and functional aspects of these cells in steady state and in different diseases are the focus of this review. Recently it has become evident that KC precursors seed the liver already early in fetal development, and the population can be maintained independently from circulating monocytes. However, inflammatory conditions allow rapid differentiation of monocytes into mature cells that are indistinguishable from genuine KC. KC are located in the lumen of sinusoids that receive blood both from the portal vein, carrying nutrients and microbial products from the gut, and from the hepatic artery. This positions KC ideally for their prime function, namely surveillance and clearance of the circulation. As such, they are important in iron recycling by phagocytosing effete erythrocytes, for instance. The immunophenotype of KC, characterized by a wide variety of endocytic receptors, is indicative of this scavenger function. In maintaining homeostasis, KC have an ambivalent response to exogenous triggers. On the one hand, their surveillance function requires alert responses to potentially hazardous substances. On the other hand, continuous exposure of the cells to the trigger-rich content of blood originating from the gut dampens their responsiveness to further stimuli. This ambivalence is also reflected in their diverse roles in disease pathogenesis. For the latter, we sketch the contribution of KC by giving examples of their role in metabolic disease, infections, and liver injury.
Collapse
|
17
|
In vitro opsonin-independent interactions between cells of smooth and rough phenotypes of Flavobacterium psychrophilum and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) head kidney macrophages. Microb Pathog 2012; 53:214-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
Mirelman D, Bayer EA, Reisner Y. Nathan Sharon: 1925-2011. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2012; 67:2-18. [PMID: 22973609 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396527-1.00001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
19
|
Abstract
Defensins are small, multifunctional cationic peptides. They typically contain six conserved cysteines whose three intramolecular disulfides stabilize a largely β-sheet structure. This review of human α-defensins begins by describing their evolution, including their likely relationship to the Big Defensins of invertebrates, and their kinship to the β-defensin peptides of many if not all vertebrates, and the θ-defensins found in certain non-human primates. We provide a short history of the search for leukocyte-derived microbicidal molecules, emphasizing the roles played by luck (good), preconceived notions (mostly bad), and proper timing (essential). The antimicrobial, antiviral, antitoxic, and binding properties of human α-defensins are summarized. The structural features of α-defensins are described extensively and their functional contributions are assessed. The properties of HD6, an enigmatic Paneth cell α-defensin, are contrasted with those of the four myeloid α-defensins (HNP1-4) and of HD5, the other α-defensin of human Paneth cells. The review ends with a decalogue that may assist researchers or students interested in α-defensins and related aspects of neutrophil function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert I Lehrer
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1688, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
De Buck J, Van Immerseel F, Haesebrouck F, Ducatelle R. Effect of type 1 fimbriae of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis on bacteraemia and reproductive tract infection in laying hens. Avian Pathol 2010; 33:314-20. [PMID: 15223560 DOI: 10.1080/0307945042000220561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Research on the role of type 1 fimbriae of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis in poultry to date has been focused on the intestinal phase of the infection. This study aimed to investigate the role of type 1 fimbriae in a systemic infection by intravenously inoculating chickens with a fimD mutant or its parent strain. The fimD mutant was present in the blood for 3 weeks after infection, while the wild type parent strain was cleared within the first 3 days. The fimD mutant was isolated at least as much as the parent strain from the liver and spleen for up to 3 weeks after inoculation. The wild type strain was cleared from the caeca in the second week, while the fimD mutant was isolated from the caeca for up to 3 weeks after infection. The ovaries were more heavily infected by the fimD mutant than by the wild-type strain. In the first and second week after inoculation, the oviducts were more frequently infected by the mutant strain. The eggs of birds infected with the fimD mutant were less frequently contaminated with Salmonella. The shells of the eggs were more frequently contaminated by the wild type strain than with the mutant strain. Thus, the absence of type 1 fimbriae prolongs bacteraemia, modifies reproductive tract infection and reduces egg shell contamination by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen De Buck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wells CL, Kouzi-koliakos K, Jechorek RP, Erlandsen SL. Effect of Dietary Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) on Intestinal Microecology and Bacterial Translocation in Weanling Rats. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/08910609009140120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. L. Wells
- Departments of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - K. Kouzi-koliakos
- Departments of Cell Biology and Neuroanatomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - R. P. Jechorek
- Departments of Cell Biology and Neuroanatomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - S. L. Erlandsen
- Departments of Cell Biology and Neuroanatomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Martel CM. Conceptual bases for prey biorecognition and feeding selectivity in the microplanktonic marine phagotroph Oxyrrhis marina. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2009; 57:589-597. [PMID: 18642040 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-008-9421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It is suspected that phagotrophic marine protozoa might possess feeding receptors that enable them to discern the nutritional quality of individual prey items (during prey-handling) on the basis of their cell-surface biochemistry. This article reviews advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that mediate the biorecognition and selection of nonself (microalgal) prey items by the microplanktonic marine phagotroph Oxyrrhis marina. The potential importance of lectin-glycan interactions is first considered in view of findings which demonstrate that O. marina possesses lectin-like feeding receptors specific for prey-surface (mannose) glycoconjugates. Secondly, some conceptual bases for indirect or 'opsonic' modes of prey biorecognition mediated by soluble prey-labelling proteins are presented. Finally, the possibility that some accounts of selective feeding in O. marina might result from the noxious effects of prey-associated chemicals rather than active 'distaste' by phagotrophic cells is discussed. Recent evidence for toxic superoxide (O(2)(-)) production by marine microalgae is afforded particular attention given that release of O(2)(-) anions can be exacerbated by the binding of mannose-specific lectins to the microalgal cell wall; a novel model for grazing-activated chemical defence is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Martel
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Lectins, a class of sugar-binding and cell-agglutinating proteins, are ubiquitous in Nature, being found in all kinds of organisms, from viruses to humans. This review describes how plant lectins were developed as widely used reagents for the study of glycoconjugates in solution and on cells, and for cell characterization and separation. A summary is then given of the discoveries that demonstrated the role of lectins as cell recognition molecules of micro-organisms and of animal cells. The specialized functions of these lectins are discussed, as well as the potential medical applications of the knowledge gained. The review ends with speculations about future developments in lectin research and applications.
Collapse
|
24
|
Rath D, Schuberth HJ, Coy P, Taylor U. Sperm Interactions from Insemination to Fertilization. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 43 Suppl 5:2-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Schuberth HJ, Taylor U, Zerbe H, Waberski D, Hunter R, Rath D. Immunological responses to semen in the female genital tract. Theriogenology 2008; 70:1174-81. [PMID: 18757083 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
When spermatozoa, seminal plasma and semen extender reach the uterus and interact with local leukocytes and endometrial cells, several immune mechanisms are initiated which have immediate, mid-term and long-term effects on ovulation, sperm cell selection, fertilization and pregnancy success by assuring the acceptance of fetal tissues. This report gives an overview on relevant key immune mechanisms following roughly the time axis after insemination. Detailed knowledge regarding these mechanisms will aid maximizing reproductive efficiency in livestock production. In the future, the many species involved will require a more comparative approach, since evidence is growing that endometrial physiology and the response to varying amounts and compositions of seminal plasma, various semen extenders, and variable numbers of spermatozoa also provoke different immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Schuberth
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Taylor U, Rath D, Zerbe H, Schuberth HJ. Interaction of Intact Porcine Spermatozoa with Epithelial Cells and Neutrophilic Granulocytes during Uterine Passage. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 43:166-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.00872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
28
|
Wang N, Whang I, Lee J. A novel C-type lectin from abalone, Haliotis discus discus, agglutinates Vibrio alginolyticus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 32:1034-1040. [PMID: 18372041 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its specific binding to carbohydrates, lectins play important roles in pathogen recognition and clearance in invertebrate animals. In this study, a novel C-type lectin (designated CLHd) gene was isolated from abalone, Haliotis discus discus, cDNA library. The complete cDNA sequence of the CLHd gene is 508 base pairs in length, and encodes 151 amino acids. CLHd shares a highly conserved carbohydrate recognition domain with C-type lectins from mollusk and fish. The mRNA expressions of CLHd in healthy and bacterial-challenged abalones were examined using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). CLHd mRNA transcription was up-regulated by Vibrio alginolyticus challenge and reached the maximum expression at 24h after the bacterial injection. To understand its biological activity, the recombinant CLHd gene was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant CLHd specifically agglutinated V. alginolyticus at a concentration of 50microg/ml in a calcium-dependant way. Both the gene expression analysis and recombinant protein activity assay suggest that CLHd is an important immune gene involved in the recognition and elimination of pathogens in abalones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Cheju National University, 66 Jejudaehakno, Ara-Dong 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Recognition of bacterial surface polysaccharides by lectins of the innate immune system and its contribution to defense against infection: the case of pulmonary pathogens. Infect Immun 2007; 76:1322-32. [PMID: 18086817 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00910-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
30
|
Guo A, Lasaro MA, Sirard JC, Kraehenbühl JP, Schifferli DM. Adhesin-dependent binding and uptake of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium by dendritic cells. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2007; 153:1059-1069. [PMID: 17379714 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2006/000331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium can be internalized by immature dendritic cells (DCs). The interacting host and bacterial molecules initiating this process remain uncharacterized. The objective of this study was to investigate whether specific fimbriae are involved in the early step of binding and uptake of Salmonella by DCs. Type 1 fimbriated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium or recombinant Escherichia coli expressing the type 1 fimbriae showed a significantly greater ability to attach to murine bone-marrow-derived DCs than non-fimbriated bacteria. The FimH adhesin was required for efficient interactions with DCs, since fimbriated fimH mutants were impaired in both binding and internalization. Finally, the internalization involved a FimH-dependent process but did not require sipB, a gene essential for Salmonella-mediated invasion of mammalian epithelial cells. Collectively, these data suggest that the bacterial interaction of DCs through the type 1 fimbrial adhesin FimH is sufficient to target S. enterica serovar Typhimurium for cellular uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aizhen Guo
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Melissa A Lasaro
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Dieter M Schifferli
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Al-Ajlan AM. Relationship between desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål), infestation, environmental factors and control measures in Gazan and Makkah Regions, Saudi Arabia. Pak J Biol Sci 2007; 10:3507-3515. [PMID: 19093456 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.3507.3515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål), is one of the most important insect pests in Saudi Arabia. Cultivated crops and the range lands are heavily affected by desert locust in some regions of Saudi Arabia. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of damage by the Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) to the range lands being used for grazing range animals in Gazan and Makkah regions of Saudi Arabia. However, it is very difficult to estimate accurately the total infested areas, which were sprayed with insecticides to control upsurges, outbreaks and plagues over the last five decades. Records of Desert Locust control are kept in the National Desert Locust Control and Research Center in Jeddah. Meteorological data was obtained from the Meteorology and Environmental Protection Administration (MEPA), Saudi Arabia. The data shows that the Desert Locust infestation was associated partially with the rainfall intensity in Gazan and Makkah regions. There was found a good relationship between Desert Locust infestation (Solitary phase), temperature and the relative humidity. The locust infestation was heavy during 1986-88, 1992-95 and 1997-98 and about 1.8 million ha were treated with insecticides. Out of the total breeding/infested area, 43% was treated in winter months (October-February) and the remaining 57% was treated in spring season (March-June). The infested area was sprayed with Marshall, Carbosulfan (20%), Malathion (96%, Clorpyrifos; (48%) Fipronil (12.5%), Sumithion (100%) and Decis (12.5%). The study showed an excellent potential to determine the active locust infestation period in relation to the environmental factors for its effective control with insecticide sprays to minimize crop damage. The study highlighted the needs for further investigations in other locust infested areas with different environmental factors for planning future desert locust control programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz M Al-Ajlan
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Hofuf Al-Hasa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Declerck P, Behets J, De Keersmaecker B, Ollevier F. Receptor-mediated uptake of Legionella pneumophila by Acanthamoeba castellanii and Naegleria lovaniensis. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 103:2697-703. [PMID: 17850297 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Investigation of the attachment and uptake of Legionella pneumophila by Acanthamoeba castellanii and Naegleria lovaniensis, as these are two critical steps in the subsequent bacterial survival in both amoeba hosts. METHODS AND RESULTS Initially, the mode of Legionella uptake was examined using inhibitors of microfilament-dependent and receptor-mediated uptake phagocytosis. Secondly, the minimum saccharide structure to interfere with L. pneumophila uptake was determined by means of selected saccharides. Bacterial attachment and uptake by each of the amoeba species occurred through a receptor-mediated endocytosis, which required de novo synthesis of host proteins. Legionella pneumophila showed a high affinity to the alpha1-3D-mannobiose domain of the mannose-binding receptor located on A. castellanii. In contrast, L. pneumophila bacteria had a high affinity for the GalNAcbeta1-4Gal domain of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine receptor of N. lovaniensis. CONCLUSIONS Our data pointed to a remarkable adaptation of L. pneumophila to invade different amoeba hosts, as the uptake by both amoeba species is mediated by two different receptor families. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The fact that L. pneumophila is taken up by two different amoeba species using different receptor families adds further complexity to the host-parasite interaction process, as 14 amoeba species are known to be appropriate Legionella hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Declerck
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Zoological Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sodhi A, Kesherwani V. Production of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-12 and IFN-gamma in murine peritoneal macrophages on treatment with wheat germ agglutinin in vitro: involvement of tyrosine kinase pathways. Glycoconj J 2007; 24:573-82. [PMID: 17668318 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-007-9054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of macrophages with various doses of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) for different time intervals resulted in enhanced expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-12 and IFN-gamma. The maximum expressions were observed at 24 h with 100 ng/ml of WGA. Enhanced transcription of cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-12, and IFN-gamma was observed at 16 h of WGA treatment by RT-PCR. Pharmacological inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, PI3 kinase, protein kinase C, p42/44, p38, JNK and intracellular calcium immobilizing agent down regulated the WGA induced expression of cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-12 and IFN-gamma. Maximum protein tyrosine kinase activity in macrophages was seen at 5 min of WGA treatment. Maximum cytosolic Ca++ was observed at 10 min of WGA treatment. WGA treated macrophages showed maximum activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and PI3 kinase at 10 min, p42/44, p38 at 15 min and JNK at 30 min. Transcription factor ELK1 was activated at 60 min and IêB, c-Fos and c-Jun at 30 min of WGA treatment. The pharmacological inhibitors were also used to check the cascade of activation of tyrosine kinase, PKC, PI3 kinase, p42/44, p38, JNK and release of calcium from intracellular storage to sort out the signal pathways involved in the release of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-12, and IFN-gamma by macrophages on treatment with WGA in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Sodhi
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Peerayeh SN, Nooritalab N, Moazeni M, Sattari M. Influence of type 1 piliation on chemotaxis and intracellular killing of uropathogenic E. coli by human polymorphonuclear leukocyts. Pak J Biol Sci 2007; 10:2599-602. [PMID: 19070139 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.2599.2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) that cause urinary tract infections bind to target cells via several distinct paris of adhesins and receptors. In this study we determine the role of type 1 pili in interaction of UPEC with human neutrophils. Type 1 piliated and unpiliated strains (obtained by growth at a pilus-restrictive temperature) of UPEC were used for determining the effect of this adhesin on migration of neutrophils towards bacteria in Boyden chamber. The lectinophagocytosis and intracellular killing of bacteria with purified human neutrophils were estimated by counting of the number of viable bacteria in 45 min. The results indicate that type 1 piliated UPEC stimulated significantly greater chemotaxis than did unpiliated bacteria and bacteria in which the piliation was suppressed. Phagocytosis of type 1 piliated UPEC occurred in the direct and opsonin-independent manner. In contrast, unpiliated bacteria failed to bind to PMN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Najar Peerayeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tahran, Iran
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kuo CF, Wang YH, Lei HY, Wang CH, Tsao N. Concanavalin A protects mice from a lethal inoculation of intragastric Klebsiella pneumoniae and reduces the induced liver damage. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:3122-30. [PMID: 17606678 PMCID: PMC2043212 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01379-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intragastric inoculation of Klebsiella pneumoniae can cause invasive diseases, including necrosis of liver tissues and bacteremia. The effect of concanavalin A (ConA) on K. pneumoniae was tested. Pretreatment with ConA was able to protect mice from K. pneumoniae infection in an intragastric model. K. pneumoniae-induced mouse death and liver injury such as liver necrosis, as well as blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by ConA. ConA administered intravenously as late as 24 h after K. pneumoniae inoculation was still protective. In an in vitro assay, ConA was able to bind K. pneumoniae cells directly and further agglutinate them but had no effect on their in vitro growth. Surveys of bacterial counts of ConA-treated mice revealed that the bacteria were eliminated effectively in both blood and liver tissues. Furthermore, the bactericidal activity of macrophages against K. pneumoniae was also enhanced in a dose-dependent manner by ConA in an in vitro culture. These data suggest that ConA is a potentially therapeutic agent for K. pneumoniae-induced liver infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Kuo
- Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sharon N. Lectins: carbohydrate-specific reagents and biological recognition molecules. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:2753-64. [PMID: 17145746 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.x600004200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Sharon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Kupffer cells, the resident liver macrophages have long been considered as mostly scavenger cells responsible for removing particulate material from the portal circulation. However, evidence derived mostly from animal models, indicates that Kupffer cells may be implicated in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases including viral hepatitis, steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, intrahepatic cholestasis, activation or rejection of the liver during liver transplantation and liver fibrosis. There is accumulating evidence, reviewed in this paper, suggesting that Kupffer cells may act both as effector cells in the destruction of hepatocytes by producing harmful soluble mediators as well as antigen presenting cells during viral infections of the liver. Moreover they may represent a significant source of chemoattractant molecules for cytotoxic CD8 and regulatory T cells. Their role in fibrosis is well established as they are one of the main sources of TGFβ1 production, which leads to the transformation of stellate cells into myofibroblasts. Whether all these variable functions in the liver are mediated by different Kupffer cell subpopulations remains to be evaluated. In this review we propose a model that demonstrates the role of Kupffer cells in the pathogenesis of liver disease.
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Kupffer cells (KC) constitute 80-90% of the tissue macrophages present in the body. They reside within the lumen of the liver sinusoids, and are therefore constantly exposed to gut-derived bacteria, microbial debris and bacterial endotoxins, known to activate macrophages. Upon activation KC release various products, including cytokines, prostanoides, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. These factors regulate the phenotype of KC themselves, and the phenotypes of neighboring cells, such as hepatocytes, stellate cells, endothelial cells and other immune cells that traffic through the liver. Therefore, KC are intimately involved in the liver's response to infection, toxins, ischemia, resection and other stresses. This review summarizes established basic concepts of KC function as well as their role in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Bilzer
- Department of Medicine II, University of Munich, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Few papers have been published on tick lectins so far, and therefore more data are needed to complete the mosaic of knowledge of their structural and functional properties. Tissue-specific lectin/haemagglutinin activities of both soft and hard ticks have been investigated. Some tick lectins are proteins with binding affinity for sialic acid, various derivatives of hexosamines and different glycoconjugates. Most tick lectin/haemagglutinin activities are blood meal enhanced, and could serve as molecular factors of self/non-self recognition in defence reactions against bacteria or fungi, as well as in pathogen/parasite transmission. Dorin M, the plasma lectin of Ornithodoros moubata, is the first tick lectin purified so far from tick haemolymph, and the first that has been fully characterized. Partial characterization of other tick lectins/haemagglutinins has been performed mainly with respect to their carbohydrate binding specificities and immunochemical features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Grubhoffer
- Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, University of South Bohemia, Branisovská 31, 370 05 Ceské Budijovice, Czech Republic.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
De la Mora A, Trigo F, Jaramillo L, Garfias Y, Solórzano C, Agundis C, Pereyra A, Lascurain R, Zenteno E, Suárez-Güemes F. The N-acetyl-D-glucosamine specific adhesin from Mannheimia haemolytica activates bovine neutrophils oxidative burst. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2006; 113:148-56. [PMID: 16780962 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 04/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work we identified specific bovine leukocytes that were bound by the Mannheimia haemolytica adhesin molecule (MhA) and the biological effect on the leukocytes. Histochemical staining and flow cytometry showed that MhA bind neutrophils (90%) and monocytes (5%). MhA induced an oxidative response in purified neutrophils; this effect was 1.5-fold higher than the effect observed with control cells activated with Zymosan. Cellular binding by MhA was inhibited with GlcNAc and its oligomers, as well as by glycoproteins containing tri- and tetra-antennary N-glycosydically linked glycans. MhA-induced oxidative burst was significantly inhibited by GlcNAc, iodoacetamide, superoxide dismutase, and piroxicam (p<0.05). Our findings suggest that among bovine leukocytes, neutrophils are the main target for MhA, inducing production of oxidative radicals by non-opsonic mechanism that seem to play an important role in tissue damage during mannheimiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso De la Mora
- Laboratorio de Patología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, BC, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Young Lee S, Cisar JO, Bryant JL, Eckhaus MA, Sandberg AL. Resistance of Streptococcus gordonii to polymorphonuclear leukocyte killing is a potential virulence determinant of infective endocarditis. Infect Immun 2006; 74:3148-55. [PMID: 16714542 PMCID: PMC1479294 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00087-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant differences in virulence among seven representative Streptococcus gordonii strains were observed by using the rat model of infective endocarditis. Five strains, including S. gordonii DL1, caused severe disease, while the other two strains, including S. gordonii SK12, caused minimal or no disease. The differences in virulence were evident from the visible presence of streptococci in the vegetations present on the aortic valves of catheterized rats that were challenged with individual strains and also from the much greater recovery of rifampin-resistant S. gordonii DLl than of streptomycin-resistant S. gordonii SK12 from the hearts of animals coinfected with both organisms. Each S. gordonii strain aggregated with human platelets and bound to polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), as shown by the stimulation of PMN superoxide anion production. These interactions were reduced or abolished by pretreatment of the platelets or PMNs with sialidase, indicating that there was bacterial recognition of host sialic acid-containing receptors. Adhesin-mediated binding of each S. gordonii strain to PMNs also triggered phagocytosis. However, the subsequent PMN-dependent killing differed significantly for the seven strains. The five virulent strains included three strains that were not killed and two strains whose numbers were reduced by approximately 50%. In contrast, the level of killing of each avirulent strain under the same conditions was significantly greater and approached 90% of the bacteria added. Parallel studies performed with rat PMNs revealed comparable differences in the resistance or susceptibility of representative virulent and avirulent strains. Thus, the ability of S. gordonii to survive in PMNs following adhesin-mediated phagocytosis may be an important virulence determinant of infective endocarditis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Young Lee
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4352, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sharon N. Carbohydrates as future anti-adhesion drugs for infectious diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2006; 1760:527-37. [PMID: 16564136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Revised: 12/07/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion of pathogenic organisms to host tissues is the prerequisite for the initiation of the majority of infectious diseases. In many systems, it is mediated by lectins present on the surface of the infectious organism that bind to complementary carbohydrates on the surface of the host tissues. Lectin-deficient mutants often lack the ability to initiate infection. The bacterial lectins are typically in the form of elongated submicroscopic multi-subunit protein appendages, known as fimbriae (or pili). The best characterized of these are the mannose-specific type 1 fimbriae, the galabiose-specific P fimbriae and the N-acetylglucosamine-specific fimbriae of Escherichia coli. Soluble carbohydrates recognized by the bacterial surface lectins block the adhesion of the bacteria to animal cells in vitro. Aromatic alpha-mannosides are potent inhibitors of type 1 fimbriated E. coli, being up to 1000 times more active than MealphaMan, with affinities in the nanomolar range. This is due to the presence of a hydrophobic region next to the monosaccharide-binding site of the fimbriae, as recently demonstrated by X-ray studies. Polyvalent saccharides (e.g., neoglycoproteins or dendrimers) are also powerful inhibitors of bacterial adhesion in vitro. Very significantly, lectin-inhibitory saccharides have been shown to protect mice, rabbits, calves and monkeys against experimental infection by lectin-carrying bacteria. Since anti-adhesive agents do not act by killing or arresting the growth of the pathogens, it is very likely that strains resistant to such agents will emerge at a markedly lower rate than of strains that are resistant to antibiotics. Suitable sugars also inhibit the binding to cells of carbohydrate-specific toxins, among them those of Shigella dysenteriae Type 1, and of the homologous Verotoxins of E. coli, specific for galabiose. Appropriately designed polyvalent ligands are up to six orders of magnitude stronger inhibitors of toxin binding in vitro than the monovalent ones, and they protect mice against the Shigella toxin. The above data provide clear proof for the feasibility of anti-adhesion therapy of infectious diseases, although this has not yet been successful in humans. All in all, however, there is little doubt that inhibitors of microbial lectins will in the near future join the arsenal of drugs for therapy of infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Sharon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Meagher CK, Liu H, Moore CP, Phillips TE. Conjunctival M cells selectively bind and translocate Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin. Exp Eye Res 2005; 80:545-53. [PMID: 15781282 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2004.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2004] [Revised: 11/01/2004] [Accepted: 11/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-sampling M cells are found in the follicle-associated epithelium above organized lymphoid tissue in many mucosae. They play a key role in initiating the mucosal immune response and act as a site of entry for opportunistic pathogens. This study investigates the presence of M cells in the Guinea pig conjunctiva. Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin I and II (MAL-I and MAL-II) were identified as potential conjunctival M cell markers based on a screening of 12 lectins and 5 carbohydrate epitope antibodies on aldehyde-fixed follicles. Biotinylated or fluorescein-conjugated MAL-I was then instilled into conjunctival sacs in vivo for 15-60 min. Specimens were assessed by epi-fluorescence stereomicroscopy, confocal scanning laser microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). Selective labelling of a subset of epithelial cells overlying lymphoid follicles was observed following in vivo exposure to MAL-I. MAL-I labelling was restricted to cells with sparse, irregular microvilli. Cells preferentially labelled with MAL-I were found to internalize the lectin during a 60 min in vivo exposure. MAL-I was transcytosed to basolateral membranes of cells filled with intracellular vesicles during a 45 min in vivo incubation. This study demonstrates that the Guinea pig conjunctiva contains a cell with morphological and functional characteristics of antigen-sampling M cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carisa K Meagher
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, 3 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Unemo M, Aspholm-Hurtig M, Ilver D, Bergström J, Borén T, Danielsson D, Teneberg S. The sialic acid binding SabA adhesin of Helicobacter pylori is essential for nonopsonic activation of human neutrophils. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:15390-7. [PMID: 15689619 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m412725200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes into the gastric mucosa is a hallmark of chronic gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori. Certain H. pylori strains nonopsonized stimulate neutrophils to production of reactive oxygen species causing oxidative damage of the gastric epithelium. Here, the contribution of some H. pylori virulence factors, the blood group antigen-binding adhesin BabA, the sialic acid-binding adhesin SabA, the neutrophil-activating protein HP-NAP, and the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA, to the activation of human neutrophils in terms of adherence, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst was investigated. Neutrophils were challenged with wild type bacteria and isogenic mutants lacking BabA, SabA, HP-NAP, or VacA. Mutant and wild type strains lacking SabA had no neutrophil-activating capacity, demonstrating that binding of H. pylori to sialylated neutrophil receptors plays a pivotal initial role in the adherence and phagocytosis of the bacteria and the induction of the oxidative burst. The link between receptor binding and oxidative burst involves a G-protein-linked signaling pathway and downstream activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase as shown by experiments using signal transduction inhibitors. Collectively our data suggest that the sialic acid-binding SabA adhesin is a prerequisite for the nonopsonic activation of human neutrophils and, thus, is a virulence factor important for the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Unemo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Orebro University Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Stoitsova SR, Grubhoffer L, Nebesárová J. Exposed and hidden lectin-binding epitopes at the surface of Borrelia burgdorferi. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2004; 48:654-8. [PMID: 14976724 DOI: 10.1007/bf02993474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The presence of surface- and subsurface-located lectin-binding epitopes of Borrelia burgdorferi was examined by electron microscopy using a variety of gold-labeled lectins. Concanavalin A reacted predominantly with extracellular material adjacent to the spirochetes. Wheat germ agglutinin bound weakly to the surface of borreliae; however, alterations of the outer membrane by preincubation in 100 ppm Triton X-100 or boiling uncovered numerous periplasmic sites recognized by the lectin. The periplasmic flagella liberated by some cells after detergent treatment were labeled with concanavalin A, wheat germ agglutinin and Ulex europaeus agglutinin UEA-I. No surface-exposed or periplasmic epitopes for the lectins from Glycine max, Dolichos biflorus or Helix pomatia were detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Stoitsova
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Duarte-Escalante E, Zenteno E, Taylor ML. Interaction of Histoplasma capsulatum yeasts with galactosylated surface molecules of murine macrophages. Arch Med Res 2004; 34:176-83. [PMID: 14567396 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(03)00044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histoplasma capsulatum (H.c.) yeast-cell binding to glycosylated surface molecules of murine macrophages was studied using attachment inhibition assays with different carbohydrate-treated H.c. yeast cells and participation of galactose and its derivatives as main sugar inhibitor was always demonstrated. METHODS Liposomes incorporated with macrophage membrane proteins (MMP) were constructed to test involvement of macrophage surface glycoprotein molecules in H.c. binding. Yeasts attachment to MMP liposomes was successfully evaluated by ELISA method. Afterward, inhibition of H.c. yeast-cell attachment to [1,2-3H(N)]-cholesterol-MMP liposomes was monitored by radioactivity counting of the yeast-liposome pellet centrifuged at 500 g for 30 min when yeasts were previously incubated with different sugars. Other inhibition attachment assays using light microscopy and modified ELISA adapted to peritoneal or alveolar macrophage monolayers were also performed to determine inhibition mediated by carbohydrates. In these assays, Candida albicans (C.a.) was used as control of another type of yeast containing a lectin-like molecule. RESULTS Histoplasma capsulatum yeasts attachment to MMP liposomes showed important decrease of radioactive counts when treated with galactose and lactose molecules. Light microscopy and modified ELISA confirmed inhibition mediated by galactose and its derivatives either in peritoneal or alveolar macrophages, and beta-galactose was better recognized than its alpha-anomer. In contrast, C.a. attachment to peritoneal or alveolar macrophages was not markedly affected by galactose-derivative molecules. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest presence of a lectin-like component in H.c. yeast cells and reveal involvement of galactosylated surface molecules of murine macrophages as specific-sugar (ligand) residues recognized by the fungal lectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Duarte-Escalante
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kücüködük S, Sezer T, Yildiran A, Albayrak D. Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of early administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to non-neutropenic preterm newborns between 33 and 36 weeks with presumed sepsis. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2003; 34:893-7. [PMID: 12587621 DOI: 10.1080/0036554021000026966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted of early administration of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rGCSF) to 40 non-neutropenic, preterm infants between 33 and 36 weeks of gestational age with the diagnosis of presumed sepsis. The treatment group (n = 20) received 5 microg/kg per day of intravenous rGCSF once daily for 3 d and the control group (n = 20) received the same volume of physiological serum. Immediately before the first dose and on the 4th day, plasma levels of GCSF and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), absolute neutrophil counts (ANC), immature neutrophil count (INC), immature/total neutrophil (I/T) ratios and platelet counts were determined. At study entry, the plasma GCSF and TNF-alpha levels were similar. On day 4, there was no significant change in GCSF levels in either groups, whereas there was a significant decrease in TNF-alpha levels in the treatment group. ANC and INC of the treatment group also increased significantly. The I/T ratio continued at the same level in the treatment group, but decreased significantly on days 4 and 7 day in the control group. The length of time on the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) was significantly shorter in the treatment group. In conclusion, early administration of 3 daily doses of rGCSF (5 microg/kg per day) to non-neutropenic, preterm infants who had presumed sepsis increased circulating ANC and INC, decreased plasma TNF-alpha levels and shortened the length of time on the NICU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sükrü Kücüködük
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Ondokuz Mayis University of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mellata M, Dho-Moulin M, Dozois CM, Curtiss R, Lehoux B, Fairbrother JM. Role of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli virulence factors in bacterial interaction with chicken heterophils and macrophages. Infect Immun 2003; 71:494-503. [PMID: 12496200 PMCID: PMC143357 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.1.494-503.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) cause extraintestinal disease in avian species via respiratory tract infection. Virulence factors associated with APEC include type 1 and P fimbriae, curli, aerobactin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), K1 capsular antigen, temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin (Tsh), and an uncharacterized pathogen-specific chromosomal region (the 0-min region). The role of these virulence factors in bacterial interaction with phagocytes was investigated by using mutants of three APEC strains, each belonging to one of the most predominant serogroups O1, O2, and O78. Bacterial cell interaction with avian phagocytes was tested with primary cultures of chicken heterophils and macrophages. The presence of type 1 fimbriae and, in contrast, the absence of P fimbriae, K1 capsule, O78 antigen, and the 0-min region promoted bacterial association with chicken heterophils and macrophages. The presence of type 1 and P fimbriae, O78 antigen, and the 0-min region seemed to protect bacteria against the bactericidal effect of phagocytes, especially heterophils. The tested virulence factors seemed to have a limited role in intracellular survival for up to 48 h in macrophages. Generally, opsonized and nonopsonized bacteria were eliminated to the same extent, but in some cases, unopsonized bacteria were eliminated to a greater extent than opsonized bacteria. These results confirm the important role of type 1 fimbriae in promotion of initial phagocytosis, but nevertheless indicate a role for type 1 fimbriae in the protection of bacteria from subsequent killing, at least in heterophils. The results also indicate a role for K1 capsule, O78 antigen, P fimbriae, and the 0-min region in initial avoidance of phagocytosis, but demonstrate an additional role for O78 antigen, P fimbriae, and the 0-min region in subsequent protection against the bactericidal effects of phagocytes after bacterial association has occurred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melha Mellata
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Réglier-Poupet H, Pellegrini E, Charbit A, Berche P. Identification of LpeA, a PsaA-like membrane protein that promotes cell entry by Listeria monocytogenes. Infect Immun 2003; 71:474-82. [PMID: 12496198 PMCID: PMC143402 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.1.474-482.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular life of Listeria monocytogenes starts by a complex process of entry involving several bacterial ligands and eukaryotic receptors. In this work, we identified in silico from the sequence of the genome of L. monocytogenes a previously unknown gene designated lpeA (for lipoprotein promoting entry) encoding a 35-kDa protein homologous to PsaA, a lipoprotein belonging to the LraI family and implicated in the cell adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae and related species. By constructing a mutant of L. monocytogenes in which lpeA is deleted (lpeA mutant), we show that the PsaA-like protein LpeA is not involved in bacterial adherence but is required for entry of L. monocytogenes in eukaryotic cells. In contrast to wild-type bacteria, mutant bacteria failed to invade the epithelial Caco-2 and hepatocyte TIB73 cell lines, as confirmed by confocal microscopy. The mutant bacteria rapidly penetrated in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Surprisingly, lpeA mutant bacteria survive better in macrophages than do wild-type bacteria. This was correlated with a weak exacerbation of virulence of the lpeA mutant in the mouse. LpeA is therefore a novel invasin favoring the entry of L. monocytogenes into nonprofessional phagocytes but not its invasion of macrophages. This is the first report of a lipoprotein promoting cell invasion of an intracellular pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Réglier-Poupet
- INSERM U570, Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants Malades, 75730 Paris cedex 15, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gregory SH, Wing EJ. Neutrophil‐Kupffer cell interaction: a critical component of host defenses to systemic bacterial infections. J Leukoc Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.72.2.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H. Gregory
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence
| | - Edward J. Wing
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence
| |
Collapse
|