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Frutos-Grilo E, Kreling V, Hensel A, Campoy S. Host-pathogen interaction: Enterobacter cloacae exerts different adhesion and invasion capacities against different host cell types. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289334. [PMID: 37874837 PMCID: PMC10597508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
New antibiotics are urgently needed due to the huge increase of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The underexplored gram-negative bacterium Enterobacter cloacae is known to cause severe urinary tract and lung infections (UTIs). The pathogenicity of E. cloacae in UTI has only been studied at the bioinformatic level, but until now not within systematic in vitro investigations. The present study assesses different human cell lines for monitoring the early steps of host-pathogen interaction regarding bacterial adhesion to and invasion into different host cells by flow cytometric adhesion assay, classical cell counting assay, gentamicin invasion assay, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which E. cloacae has been investigated for its interaction with human bladder, kidney, skin, and lung cell lines under in vitro conditions. Data indicate that E. cloacae exerts strong adhesion to urinary tract (bladder and kidney) and lung cells, a finding which correlates with the clinical relevance of the bacterium for induction of urinary tract and lung infections. Furthermore, E. cloacae ATCC 13047 barely adheres to skin cells (A-431) and shows no relevant interaction with intestinal cells (Caco-2, HT-29), even in the presence of mucin (HT29 MTX). In contrast, invasion assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrate that E. cloacae internalizes in all tested host cells, but to a different extent. Especially, bladder and kidney cells are being invaded to the highest extent. Defective mutants of fimH and fimA abolished the adhesion of E. cloacae to T24 cells, while csgA deletion had no influence on adhesion. These results indicate that E. cloacae has different pattern for adhesion and invasion depending on the target tissue, which again correlates with the clinical relevance of the pathogen. For detailed investigation of the early host-pathogen interaction T24 bladder cells comprise a suitable assay system for evaluation the bacterial adhesion and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Frutos-Grilo
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Vanessa Kreling
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susana Campoy
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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2
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Yankov YG. The Etiological Bacterial Spectrum of Neck Abscesses of Lymph Node Origin - Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria. Cureus 2023; 15:e46940. [PMID: 38021983 PMCID: PMC10640683 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
According to our medical practice as maxillofacial and oral surgeons, operated patients with purulent infections of the cervical lymph nodes are not many in number. On the other hand, the presence of a purulent infection requires not only the surgical evacuation of the pus but also the application of antimicrobial preparations. This necessitates good knowledge of the spectrum of the bacterial causative agents of the disease, the determination and analysis of which is the purpose of this original article. The bacteria studied in 181 patients with a mean age of 26.25 years, ranging between 29 days and 82 years, who underwent surgery for suppurating cervical lymph nodes, were retrospectively analyzed over a period of eight years. No bacteria were found in 69 of them. In 83 (74.11%) of the remaining 112 studied patients, the isolated microorganisms were of the gram-positive spectrum - Staphylococcus aureus (n=34), gram-positive resident microflora represented by more than one bacterial species (n=21), Staphylococcus hemolyticus (n=10), Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=9) and beta-hemolytic streptococci (n=9). Gram-negative bacteria were 25.89% (n=29) - Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=8), Bartonella henselae (n=7), Klebsiella oxytoca (n=6), Enterobacter cloacae (n=5) and Flavimonas oryzihabitans (n=3). No anaerobic and fungal microorganisms were isolated. Therefore, antimicrobial therapy in these patients should be directed against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, which in our study were represented in a ratio of approximately three to one in favor of gram-positive microorganisms. Otherwise, we create a prerequisite for the formation of phlegmon on the neck, which hides real chances for the lives of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanko G Yankov
- Department of General and Operative Surgery, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", Varna, BGR
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3
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Zhang L, Xu S, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Liu X. Transcriptomic profiling and characterization of microRNAs in Macrobrachium rosenbergii potentially involved in immune response to Enterobacter cloacae infection. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106291. [PMID: 37557932 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Enterobacter cloacae is a member of the Enterobacter family, which could prevent Macrobrachium rosenbergii from growing and cause mass mortality. However, no research has focused on microRNA immunity in M. rosenbergii infected with E. cloacae. To clarify the immune response mechanisms, transcriptomic analysis was performed on the miRNAs of M. rosenbergii infected with E. cloacae YZ3 strain. Following quality screening, 10,616,712 clean reads were obtained from the control group and 12,726,421 from the infected group. Among 899 known miRNAs, 446 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified. Meanwhile, 59 novel miRNAs were predicted, along with 39 DEMs. Target genes of DEMs have been predicted in order to gain a deeper understanding of the immune-related functions. GO and KEGG pathway analysis revealed the biological functions and signaling pathways of target genes. The results indicated that E. cloacae significantly affected the NOD-like receptor, RIG-I-like receptor and Toll-like receptor pathways. Ten DEMs were randomly selected, and their expression level was verified by Quantitative Real-time PCR technology. Overall, this study highlights the influential role of miRNAs in the innate immune system of M. rosenbergii, which has important implications for developing new strategies to prevent and treat related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sunan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zheling Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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4
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Siddiq A, Dong G, Balan B, Harrison LG, Jex A, Olivier M, Allain T, Buret AG. A thermo-resistant and RNase-sensitive cargo from Giardia duodenalis extracellular vesicles modifies the behaviour of enterobacteria. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e109. [PMID: 38938375 PMCID: PMC11080815 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) recently emerged as important players in the pathophysiology of parasitic infections. While the protist parasite Giardia duodenalis can produce EVs, their role in giardiasis remains obscure. Giardia can disrupt gut microbiota biofilms and transform commensal bacteria into invasive pathobionts at sites devoid of colonizing trophozoites via unknown mechanisms. We hypothesized that Giardia EVs could modify gut bacterial behaviour via a novel mode of trans-kingdom communication. Our findings indicate that Giardia EVs exert bacteriostatic effects on Escherichia coli HB101 and Enterobacter cloacae TW1, increasing their swimming motility. Giardia EVs also decreased the biofilm-forming ability of E. coli HB101 but not by E. cloacae TW1, supporting the hypothesis that these effects are, at least in part, bacteria-selective. E. coli HB101 and E. cloacae TW1 exhibited increased adhesion/invasion onto small intestine epithelial cells when exposed to Giardia EVs. EVs labelled with PKH67 revealed colocalization with E. coli HB101 and E. cloacae TW1 bacterial cells. Small RNA sequencing revealed a high abundance of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)- and transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs, short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and micro-RNAs (miRNAs) within Giardia EVs. Proteomic analysis of EVs uncovered the presence of RNA chaperones and heat shock proteins that can facilitate the thermal stability of EVs and its sRNA cargo, as well as protein-modifying enzymes. In vitro, RNase heat-treatment assays showed that total RNAs in EVs, but not proteins, are responsible for modulating bacterial swimming motility and biofilm formation. G. duodenalis small RNAs of EVs, but not proteins, were responsible for the increased bacterial adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells induced upon exposure to Giardia EVs. Together, the findings indicate that Giardia EVs contain a heat-stable, RNase-sensitive cargo that can trigger the development of pathobiont characteristics in Enterobacteria, depicting a novel trans-kingdom cross-talk in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Affan Siddiq
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Inflammation Research NetworkUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Host‐Parasite InteractionsUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - George Dong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global HeathMontréalQCCanada
| | - Balu Balan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneAustralia
- The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Luke G. Harrison
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Inflammation Research NetworkUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Host‐Parasite InteractionsUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Aaron Jex
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneAustralia
- The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Martin Olivier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global HeathMontréalQCCanada
| | - Thibault Allain
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Inflammation Research NetworkUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Host‐Parasite InteractionsUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Andre G. Buret
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Inflammation Research NetworkUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Host‐Parasite InteractionsUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
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Kumari K, Sharma PK, Shikha S, Singh RP. Molecular characterization and in-depth genome analysis of Enterobacter sp. S-16. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:245. [PMID: 37460717 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Enterobacter species are considered to be an opportunistic human pathogen owing to the existence of antibiotic-resistant strains and drug resides; however, the detailed analysis of the antibiotic resistance and virulence features in environmental isolates is poorly characterized. Here, in the study, we characterized the biochemical characteristics, and genome, pan-genome, and comparative genome analyses of an environmental isolate Enterobacter sp. S-16. The strain was identified as Enterobacter spp. by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. To unravel genomic features, whole genome of Enterobacter sp. S-16 was sequenced using a hybrid assembly approach and genome assembly was performed using the Unicycler tool. The assembled genome contained the single conting size 5.3 Mbp, GC content 55.43%, and 4500 protein-coding genes. The genome analysis revealed the various gene clusters associated with virulence, antibiotic resistance, type VI secretion system (T6SS), and many stress tolerant genes, which may provide important insight for adapting to changing environment conditions. Moreover, different metabolic pathways were identified that potentially contribute to environmental survival. Various hydrolytic enzymes and motility functions equipped the strain S-16 as an active colonizer. The genome analysis confirms the presence of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and non-enzymatic carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) involved in the hydrolysis of complex carbohydrate polymers. Moreover, the pan-genome analysis provides detailed information about the core genes and shared genes with the closest related Enterobacter species. The present study is the first report showing the presence of YdhE/NorM in Enterobacter spp. Thus, the elucidation of genome sequencing will increase our understanding of the pathogenic nature of environmental isolate, supporting the One Health Concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumari
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, Pin 835215, India
| | - Parva Kumar Sharma
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Shweta Shikha
- Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, Pin 835215, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India.
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6
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Wu S, He Y, Feng Y, Zong Z. Enterobacter pseudoroggenkampii sp. nov. carrying quinolone-resistant gene qnrE recovered from clinical samples in China. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023:10.1007/s10482-023-01833-0. [PMID: 37101063 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Two Enterobacter strains 155092T and 170,225 were isolated from clinical samples, pus and sputum, from two hospitalised patients separately, in China. Preliminary identification using Vitek II microbiology system assigned the strains to the Enterobacter cloacae complex. The two strains were subjected to genome sequencing and genome-based taxonomy analysis with type strains of all Enterobacter species and those within closely related genera Huaxiibacter, Leclercia, Lelliottia, and Pseudoenterobacter. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in silico DNA-DNA hybridisation (isDDH) values between the two strains were 98.35% and 89.4%, respectively, suggesting that they belong to one species. The two strains had the highest ANI (95.02% and 95.04%) with the type strain of Enterobacter quasiroggenkampii. Their highest isDDH values, also seen with the type strain of E. quasiroggenkampii, were 59.5% and 59.8%, well below the 70% cutoff to define species. The two strains were also characterised for morphological and biochemical features by a set of experiments and observations. The abilities of metabolising gelatin and L-rhamnose could differentiate the two strains from all currently known Enterobacter species. Collectively, the two strains represent a novel Enterobacter species, for which we propose Enterobacter pseudoroggenkampii sp. nov. as the species name. The type strain of this novel species is155092T (= GDMCC 1.3415T = JCM 35646T). The two strains also carried multiple virulence factors comprising aerobactin-encoding iucABCD-iutA and salmochelin-encoding iroN. The two strains also had chromosomally located qnrE, a gene associated with reduced susceptibility to quinolones, suggesting that this species is a potential reservoir of qnrE genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikai Wu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital (Huaxi), Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling He
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital (Huaxi), Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Center for Pathogen Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyong Zong
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital (Huaxi), Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Center for Pathogen Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
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7
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Han JY, Yeh M, DeVoe DL. Nanogap traps for passive bacteria concentration and single-point confocal Raman spectroscopy. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:024101. [PMID: 36896354 PMCID: PMC9991444 DOI: 10.1063/5.0142118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic device enabling the isolation and concentration of bacteria for analysis by confocal Raman spectroscopy is presented. The glass-on-silicon device employs a tapered chamber surrounded by a 500 nm gap that serves to concentrate cells at the chamber apex during sample perfusion. The sub-micrometer gap retains bacteria by size exclusion while allowing smaller contaminants to pass unimpeded. Concentrating bacteria within the fixed volume enables the use of single-point confocal Raman detection for the rapid acquisition of spectral signatures for bacteria identification. The technology is evaluated for the analysis of E. cloacae, K. pneumoniae, and C. diphtheriae, with automated peak extraction yielding distinct spectral fingerprints for each pathogen at a concentration of 103 CFU/ml that compare favorably with spectra obtained from significantly higher concentration reference samples evaluated by conventional confocal Raman analysis. The nanogap technology offers a simple, robust, and passive approach to concentrating bacteria from dilute samples into well-defined optical detection volumes, enabling rapid and sensitive confocal Raman detection for label-free identification of focused cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Yeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Don L. DeVoe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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Larson PJ, Zhou W, Santiago A, Driscoll S, Fleming E, Voigt AY, Chun OK, Grady JJ, Kuchel GA, Robison JT, Oh J. Associations of the skin, oral and gut microbiome with aging, frailty and infection risk reservoirs in older adults. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:941-955. [PMID: 36398033 PMCID: PMC9667708 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Older adults represent a vulnerable population with elevated risk for numerous morbidities. To explore the association of the microbiome with aging and age-related susceptibilities including frailty and infectious disease risk, we conducted a longitudinal study of the skin, oral, and gut microbiota in 47 community- or skilled nursing facility-dwelling older adults vs. younger adults. We found that microbiome changes were not associated with chronological age so much as frailty: we identified prominent changes in microbiome features associated with susceptibility to pathogen colonization and disease risk, including diversity, stability, heterogeneity, and biogeographic determinism, which were moreover associated with a loss of Cutibacterium (C.) acnes in the skin microbiome. Strikingly, the skin microbiota were also the primary reservoir for antimicrobial resistance, clinically important pathobionts, and nosocomial strains, suggesting a potential role particularly for the skin microbiome in disease risk and dissemination of multidrug resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Larson
- UCONN Health (University of Connecticut), Farmington, CT
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT
| | - Wei Zhou
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT
| | - Alba Santiago
- UCONN Health (University of Connecticut), Farmington, CT
| | - Sarah Driscoll
- UCONN Health (University of Connecticut), Farmington, CT
| | | | | | | | - James J. Grady
- UCONN Health (University of Connecticut), Farmington, CT
| | | | | | - Julia Oh
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT
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Tantoso E, Eisenhaber B, Kirsch M, Shitov V, Zhao Z, Eisenhaber F. To kill or to be killed: pangenome analysis of Escherichia coli strains reveals a tailocin specific for pandemic ST131. BMC Biol 2022; 20:146. [PMID: 35710371 PMCID: PMC9205054 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli (E. coli) has been one of the most studied model organisms in the history of life sciences. Initially thought just to be commensal bacteria, E. coli has shown wide phenotypic diversity including pathogenic isolates with great relevance to public health. Though pangenome analysis has been attempted several times, there is no systematic functional characterization of the E. coli subgroups according to the gene profile. RESULTS Systematically scanning for optimal parametrization, we have built the E. coli pangenome from 1324 complete genomes. The pangenome size is estimated to be ~25,000 gene families (GFs). Whereas the core genome diminishes as more genomes are added, the softcore genome (≥95% of strains) is stable with ~3000 GFs regardless of the total number of genomes. Apparently, the softcore genome (with a 92% or 95% generation threshold) can define the genome of a bacterial species listing the critically relevant, evolutionarily most conserved or important classes of GFs. Unsupervised clustering of common E. coli sequence types using the presence/absence GF matrix reveals distinct characteristics of E. coli phylogroups B1, B2, and E. We highlight the bi-lineage nature of B1, the variation of the secretion and of the iron acquisition systems in ST11 (E), and the incorporation of a highly conserved prophage into the genome of ST131 (B2). The tail structure of the prophage is evolutionarily related to R2-pyocin (a tailocin) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. We hypothesize that this molecular machinery is highly likely to play an important role in protecting its own colonies; thus, contributing towards the rapid rise of pandemic E. coli ST131. CONCLUSIONS This study has explored the optimized pangenome development in E. coli. We provide complete GF lists and the pangenome matrix as supplementary data for further studies. We identified biological characteristics of different E. coli subtypes, specifically for phylogroups B1, B2, and E. We found an operon-like genome region coding for a tailocin specific for ST131 strains. The latter is a potential killer weapon providing pandemic E. coli ST131 with an advantage in inter-bacterial competition and, suggestively, explains their dominance as human pathogen among E. coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Tantoso
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Republic of Singapore.,Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street #07-01, Matrix Building, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
| | - Birgit Eisenhaber
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Republic of Singapore.,Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street #07-01, Matrix Building, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
| | - Miles Kirsch
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street #07-01, Matrix Building, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore.,Present address: Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Vladimir Shitov
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street #07-01, Matrix Building, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhiya Zhao
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street #07-01, Matrix Building, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore.,Present address: The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Eisenhaber
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Republic of Singapore. .,Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street #07-01, Matrix Building, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore. .,School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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10
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Han Y, Jia Z, Shi J, Wang W, He K. The active lung microbiota landscape of COVID-19 patients through the metatranscriptome data analysis. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2022; 12:139-146. [PMID: 35411293 PMCID: PMC8905590 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2021.23378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the interaction between the host and SARS-CoV-2 was widely studied. However, it is unclear whether and how SARS-CoV-2 infection affects lung microflora, which contribute to COVID-19 complications.
Methods: Here, we analyzed the metatranscriptomic data of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 19 COVID-19 patients and 23 healthy controls from 6 independent projects and detailed the active microbiota landscape in both healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients.
Results: The infection of SARS-CoV-2 could deeply change the lung microbiota, evidenced by the α-diversity, β-diversity, and species composition analysis based on bacterial microbiota and virome. Pathogens (e.g., Klebsiella oxytoca causing pneumonia as well), immunomodulatory probiotics (e.g., lactic acid bacteria and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a butyrate producer), and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were enriched in the COVID-19 group, suggesting a severe microbiota dysbiosis. The significant correlation between Rothia mucilaginosa, TMV, and SARS-CoV-2 revealed drastic inflammatory battles between the host, SARS-CoV-2, and other microbes in the lungs. Notably, TMV only existed in the COVID-19 group, while human respirovirus 3 (HRV 3) only existed in the healthy group. Our study provides insights into the active microbiota in the lungs of COVID-19 patients and would contribute to the understanding of the infection mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and the treatment of the disease and complications.
Conclusion: SARS-COV-2 infection deeply altered the lung microbiota of COVID-19 patients. The enrichment of several other pathogens, immunomodulatory probiotics (lactic acid or butyrate producers), and TMV in the COVID-19 group suggests a complex and active lung microbiota disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Precision Medicine of Chronic Heart Failure, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhilong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Precision Medicine of Chronic Heart Failure, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Precision Medicine of Chronic Heart Failure, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Precision Medicine of Chronic Heart Failure, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlun He
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Precision Medicine of Chronic Heart Failure, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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11
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Whole Genome Sequencing Based Taxonomic Classification, and Comparative Genomic Analysis of Potentially Human Pathogenic Enterobacter spp. Isolated from Chlorinated Wastewater in the North West Province, South Africa. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091928. [PMID: 34576823 PMCID: PMC8466087 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative genomics, in particular, pan-genome analysis, provides an in-depth understanding of the genetic variability and dynamics of a bacterial species. Coupled with whole-genome-based taxonomic analysis, these approaches can help to provide comprehensive, detailed insights into a bacterial species. Here, we report whole-genome-based taxonomic classification and comparative genomic analysis of potential human pathogenic Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii isolated from chlorinated wastewater. Genome Blast Distance Phylogeny (GBDP), digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), and average nucleotide identity (ANI) confirmed the identity of the isolates. The algorithm PathogenFinder predicted the isolates to be human pathogens with a probability of greater than 0.78. The potential pathogenic nature of the isolates was supported by the presence of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), aerobactin, and aryl polyenes (APEs), which are known to be associated with pathogenic/virulent strains. Moreover, analysis of the genome sequences of the isolates reflected the presence of an arsenal of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes that augment the predictions of the algorithm PathogenFinder. The study comprehensively elucidated the genomic features of pathogenic Enterobacter isolates from wastewaters, highlighting the role of wastewaters in the dissemination of pathogenic microbes, and the need for monitoring the effectiveness of the wastewater treatment process.
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Augusto LA, Bourgeois-Nicolaos N, Breton A, Barreault S, Alonso EH, Gera S, Faraut-Derouin V, Semaan N, De Luca D, Chaby R, Doucet-Populaire F, Tissières P. Presence of 2-hydroxymyristate on endotoxins is associated with death in neonates with Enterobacter cloacae complex septic shock. iScience 2021; 24:102916. [PMID: 34409274 PMCID: PMC8361193 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterobacter cloacae complex species are involved in infections among critically ill patients. After a recent E.cloacae outbreak of fulminant neonatal septic shock, we conducted a study to determine whether septic shock severity and its lethal consequence are related to structural features of the endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) of the strains isolated from hospitalized infants and more specifically its lipid A region. It appeared that the LPSs are very heterogeneous, carrying fifteen different molecular species of lipid A. The virulence was correlated with a structural feature identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry: the presence of 2-hydroxymyristic acid as a secondary substituent in lipid A. This is the first published evidence linking LPS structural moiety to neonatal sepsis outcome and opens the possibility of using this fatty acid marker as a detection tool for high-risk patients, which could help reduce their mortality. Fifteen different molecular species of lipid A is found in E. cloacae complex 2-Hydroxymyristate moiety on Lipid A is a virulence marker of the E. cloacae complex Presence of 2-hydroxymyristate is associated with mortality in neonatal sepsis
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Augusto
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nadège Bourgeois-Nicolaos
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Department of Bacteriology-Hygiene, AP-HP Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart Cedex, France
| | - Aude Breton
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Simon Barreault
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Department of Pediatrics Intensive Care and Neonatal Medicine, AP-HP Université Paris -Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Enrique Hernandez Alonso
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stuti Gera
- Department of Bacteriology-Hygiene, AP-HP Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Faraut-Derouin
- Department of Bacteriology-Hygiene, AP-HP Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart Cedex, France
| | - Nada Semaan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Department of Pediatrics Intensive Care and Neonatal Medicine, AP-HP Université Paris -Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Daniele De Luca
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, AP-HP Université Paris -Saclay, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Richard Chaby
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Florence Doucet-Populaire
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Department of Bacteriology-Hygiene, AP-HP Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Tissières
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Department of Pediatrics Intensive Care and Neonatal Medicine, AP-HP Université Paris -Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris, France.,FHU Sepsis, AP-HP/Université Paris-Saclay/Inserm, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Characterization and proteomic analysis of outer membrane vesicles from a commensal microbe, Enterobacter cloacae. J Proteomics 2021; 231:103994. [PMID: 33007464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are membrane-enclosed spherical entities released by gram-negative bacteria and are important for bacterial survival under stress conditions. There have been numerous studies on OMVs released by gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, but an understanding of the functions and characteristics of the OMVs produced by commensal microbes is still lacking. Enterobacter cloacae is a gram-negative commensal bacterium present in the human gut microbiome, but this organism can also function as an opportunistic pathogen. Understanding the OMV-mediated communication route between bacteria-bacteria or bacteria-host is essential for the determination of the biological functions of the commensal bacterium in the gut and delineating between benign and virulent characteristics. In this study, we have described a proteome of E. cloacae OMVs, which are membrane vesicles in a size range of 20-300 nm. Proteomic analysis showed the presence of membrane-bound proteins, including transporters, receptors, signaling molecules, and protein channels. The physical and proteomic analyses also indicate this bacterium uses two mechanisms for OMV production. This study is one of the few existing descriptions of the proteomic profile of OMVs generated by a commensal Proteobacteria, and the first report of OMVs produced by E. cloacae. SIGNIFICANCE: This study prioritizes the importance of understanding the vesicular proteome of the human commensal bacterium, Enterobacter cloacae. We demonstrate for the first time that the gram-negative bacterium E. cloacae ATCC 13047 produces outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). The proteomic analysis showed enrichment of membrane-bound proteins in these vesicles. Understanding the cargo proteins of OMVs will help in exploring the physiological and functional role of these vesicles in the human microbiome and how they assist in the conversion of a bacterium from commensal to pathogen under certain conditions. While EM images reveal vesicles budding from the bacterial surface, the presence of cytoplasmic proteins and genomic DNA within the OMVs indicate that explosive cell lysis is an additional mechanism of biogenesis for these OMVs along with outer membrane blebbing. This research encourages future work on characterizing membrane vesicles produced by commensal bacterial and investigating their role in cell to cell communication.
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Ahlin S, Cefalo C, Bondia-Pons I, Trošt K, Capristo E, Marini L, Romero M, Zorzano A, Gastaldelli A, Mingrone G, Nolan JJ. Metabolite Changes After Metabolic Surgery - Associations to Parameters Reflecting Glucose Homeostasis and Lipid Levels. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:786952. [PMID: 34975758 PMCID: PMC8716486 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.786952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To test the hypothesis that adipose tissue gene expression patterns would be affected by metabolic surgery and we aimed to identify genes and metabolic pathways as well as metabolites correlating with metabolic changes following metabolic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS This observational study was conducted at the Obesity Unit at the Catholic University Hospital of the Sacred Heart in Rome, Italy. Fifteen patients, of which six patients underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and nine patients underwent biliopancreatic diversion, were included. The participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Small polar metabolites were analyzed with a two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS). Gene expression analysis of genes related to metabolism of amino acids and fatty acids were analyzed in subcutaneous adipose tissue. All procedures were performed at study start and at follow-up (after 185.3 ± 72.9 days). RESULTS Twelve metabolites were significantly changed after metabolic surgery. Six metabolites were identified as 3-indoleacetic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, valine, glutamic acid, 4-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid and alpha-tocopherol. The branched chain amino acids displayed a significant decrease together with a decrease in BCAT1 adipose tissue mRNA levels. Changes in the identified metabolites were associated to changes in lipid, insulin and glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study has identified metabolites and metabolic pathways that are altered by metabolic surgery and may be used as biomarkers for metabolic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Ahlin
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sofie Ahlin,
| | - Consuelo Cefalo
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Kajetan Trošt
- Research Department, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Esmeralda Capristo
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Marini
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Montserrat Romero
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERDEM, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERDEM, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Department of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
| | - John J. Nolan
- Research Department, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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New Insights into Cockroach Control: Using Functional Diversity of Blattella germanica Symbionts. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11100696. [PMID: 33066069 PMCID: PMC7601444 DOI: 10.3390/insects11100696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Insect hosts have close relationships with microbial symbionts. The limited metabolic networks of most insects are enhanced by these symbiotic relationships. Using symbiotic microorganisms for biological control of insects and insect-borne diseases has become an important research topic and shows potential for the development of applicable control approaches. Blattella germanica (L.) is public health pest worldwide; it is difficult to control because of its strong reproductive ability, adaptability, and resistance to insecticides. In this paper, the diverse biological functions (nutrition metabolism, reproductive regulation, insecticide resistance, defense, and behavior management) of symbionts, their interaction mechanism with hosts, and the research progress in the control of B. germanica are reviewed and discussed. Abstract Insects have close symbiotic relationships with several microbes, which extends the limited metabolic networks of most insects. Using symbiotic microorganisms for the biological control of pests and insect-borne diseases has become a promising direction. Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattaria: Blattidae) is a public health pest worldwide, which is difficult to control because of its strong reproductive ability, adaptability, and resistance to insecticides. In this paper, the diverse biological functions (nutrition, reproductive regulation, insecticide resistance, defense, and behavior) of symbionts were reviewed, and new biological control strategies on the basis of insect–symbiont interaction were proposed. We highlight new directions in B. germanica control, such as suppressing cockroach population using Wolbachia or paratransgenes, and combining fungal insecticides with synergistic agents to enhance insecticidal efficacy.
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Valiatti TB, Santos FF, Santos ACM, Nascimento JAS, Silva RM, Carvalho E, Sinigaglia R, Gomes TAT. Genetic and Virulence Characteristics of a Hybrid Atypical Enteropathogenic and Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC/UPEC) Strain. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:492. [PMID: 33134184 PMCID: PMC7550682 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid strains of Escherichia coli combine virulence traits of diarrheagenic (DEC) and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), but it is poorly understood whether these combined features improve the virulence potential of such strains. We have previously identified a uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strain (UPEC 252) harboring the eae gene that encodes the adhesin intimin and is located in the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island. The LEE-encoded proteins allow enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) to form attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions in enterocytes. We sought to characterize UPEC 252 through whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic virulence assays. Genome analysis unveiled that this strain harbors a complete LEE region, with more than 97% of identity comparing to E2348/69 (EPEC) and O157:H7 Sakai (EHEC) prototype strains, which was functional, since UPEC 252 expressed the LEE-encoded proteins EspB and intimin and induced actin accumulation foci in HeLa cells. Phylogenetic analysis performed comparing 1,000 single-copy shared genes clustered UPEC 252 with atypical EPEC strains that belong to the sequence type 10, phylogroup A. Additionally, UPEC 252 was resistant to the bactericidal power of human serum and colonized cells of the urinary (T24 and HEK293-T) and intestinal (Caco-2 and LS174T) tracts. Our findings suggest that UPEC 252 is an atypical EPEC strain that emerges as a hybrid strain (aEPEC/UPEC), which could colonize new niches and potentially cause intestinal and extraintestinal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago B Valiatti
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C M Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júllia A S Nascimento
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa M Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eneas Carvalho
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita Sinigaglia
- Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tânia A T Gomes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kaur R, Singh D, Kesavan AK, Kaur R. Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates present in tap water of public toilets. Int Health 2020; 12:472-483. [PMID: 31693132 PMCID: PMC7443727 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was carried out to investigate the tap water quality of public toilets in Amritsar, Punjab, India. METHODS Water samples from the taps of the public toilets were collected in sterile containers and physicochemical and bacteriological analysis was performed using standard methods. Also, genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the bacterial isolates was performed using different biochemical tests and 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. An antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using antibiotics based on their mode of action. A biofilm assay was performed to assess the adhesion potential of the isolates. RESULTS A total of 25 bacterial isolates were identified from the water samples, including Acinetobacter junii, Acinetobacter pittii, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus marisflavi, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus oceanisediminis, Pseudomonas otitidis, Pseudomonas sp. RR013, Pseudomonas sp. RR021, Pseudomonas sp. RR022, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae. The results of the antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that the antibiotics cefodroxil, aztreonam, nitrofurantoin, cefepime, ceftazidime and amoxyclav were found to be mostly ineffective against various isolates. The biofilm assay revealed the weak, moderate and strong biofilm producers among them. CONCLUSIONS The tap water in the public toilets was microbially contaminated and needs to be monitored carefully. The antibiotic susceptibility profile showed that of 25 bacterial isolates, 5 were multidrug resistant. Bacterial isolates exhibited strong to weak adhesion potential in the biofilm assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajanbir Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Drishtant Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Anup Kumar Kesavan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Rajinder Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
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Osaili TM, Obaid RS, Alowais K, Almahmood R, Almansoori M, Alayadhi N, Alowais N, Waheed K, Dhanasekaran DK, Al-Nabulsi AA, Ayyash M, Forsythe SJ. Microbiological quality of kitchens sponges used in university student dormitories. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1322. [PMID: 32867725 PMCID: PMC7460773 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kitchen sponges are a major source of cross-contamination as they can transfer foodborne pathogens, infectious agents and spoilage causing microorganisms to food contact surfaces. Several studies have revealed that university students adopt poor practices regarding food safety, hygiene, and the handling of kitchen cleaning equipment. Methods A total of fifty kitchen sponges were collected along with a questionnaire addressing social demographics and kitchen sponge usage by students living at the University of Sharjah dormitories. The effect of storage (3 and 10 days) on the microbial population of kitchen sponges at room temperature (21 °C) was assessed. Enterobacteriaceae isolated from sponges were identified and their antibiotic resistance determined. Results Student responses revealed that kitchen sponges used to clean food contact surfaces were also used to clean the oven (32%), sink (26%), refrigerator (10%), and to clean spills on the floor (4%). Kitchen sponges contained high counts of mesophilic aerobic bacteria (7.9 log10/cm3), coliform (7.2 log10/cm3), Enterobacteriaceae (7.3 log10/cm3) and yeasts and molds (7.0 log10/cm3). After storage of the sponges at room temperature (21 °C) for 3 and 10 days, the number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, coliform, Enterobacteriaceae and yeasts and molds decreased by 0.4 and 1.3 log10/cm3, 0.7 and 1.4 log10/cm3, 0.4 and 1.1 log10/cm3, and 0.6 and 1.3 log10/cm3, respectively. The most frequently isolated Enterobacteriaceae were Enterobacter cloacae (56%) and Klebsiella oxytoca (16%). All E. cloacae isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, cefalotin, cefoxitin and cefuroxime axetil. Conclusions This study showed that students living in dormitories lacked good hygienic practices and were at increased risk of food poisoning. Kitchen sponges were highly contaminated with potentially pathogenic bacteria which could be transferred from the general kitchen environment to food contact surfaces and consequently lead to food contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq M Osaili
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Reyad S Obaid
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Klaithem Alowais
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rawan Almahmood
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moza Almansoori
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noora Alayadhi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Najla Alowais
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Klaithem Waheed
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dinesh Kumar Dhanasekaran
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anas A Al-Nabulsi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mutamed Ayyash
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Khan S, Paravastu P, Jha PN, Marathe SA. Elucidating the pathogenic potential of Enterobacter cloacae SBP-8 using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model host. Microb Pathog 2020; 148:104449. [PMID: 32798671 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Enterobacter cloacae, an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen, is reported to possess different virulence factors that could potentially influence its pathogenesis. Generally, the E. cloacae infections are of endogenous origin occurring in immunocompromised patients. The mechanisms of pathogenicity remain elusive, possibly due to the absence of established model hosts. Thus, we explored the utility of Caenorhabditis elegans as a model host to test the pathogenicity of E. cloacae SBP-8, a soil isolate. E. cloacae SBP-8 progressively colonized the intestine of C. elegans. It induced cell death (as assessed through DNA damage), reproductive defect and reduction of lifespan, comparable to a clinical isolate, E. cloacae (MTCC 509). Observation with Nomarski microscopy revealed significant anterior pharyngeal distention, and altered egg arrangement with internal egg hatching in 70% infected worms. The internal egg hatching was observed as early as 48 h post infection. E. cloacae SBP-8 infection reduced the brood size by 16%. A 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining confirmed the 10-fold induction of reactive oxygen species implicating either mitochondrial damage or septic shock in infected worms. Expression analysis through RT-PCR indicated stimulation of immune response by E. cloacae SBP-8 in worms by upregulating tol-1, a Toll-like receptor, within 6 h of exposure. During the initial phase of infection (up to 24 h) the nematodes exhibited protective immune response by upregulating antimicrobial peptide genes, lys-1, clec-60, clec-85, and clec-87. However, these genes were downregulated at later hours (48 h), indicating the nematodes surrendered to the infection. A similar trend was observed for reproductive genes (lin-29 and let-23), suggesting a struggle to maintain functional reproduction by the nematodes. These results clearly demonstrate the pathogenic potential of E. cloacae SBP-8 and suggest the suitability of C. elegans as a model organism to study its pathogenesis. This is the first study indicating that E. cloacae infections could potentially originate from an exogenic source (here soil).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Praneeta Paravastu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prabhat Nath Jha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sandhya Amol Marathe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
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Guérin F, Lallement C, Goudergues B, Isnard C, Sanguinetti M, Cacaci M, Torelli R, Cattoir V, Giard JC. Landscape of in vivo Fitness-Associated Genes of Enterobacter cloacae Complex. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1609. [PMID: 32754144 PMCID: PMC7365913 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of the Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) represent an increasing cause of hospital-acquired infections and commonly exhibit multiple antibiotic resistances. In order to identify genes that may play a role in its ability to colonize the host, we used the transposon-sequencing (Tn-seq) approach. To this end, a high-density random transposon insertion library was obtained from E. cloacae subsp. cloacae ATCC 13047, which was used to analyze the fitness of ca. 300,000 mutants in Galleria mellonella colonization model. Following massively parallel sequencing, we identified 624 genes that seemed essential for the optimal growth and/or the fitness within the host. Moreover, 63 genes where mutations resulted in positive selection were found, while 576 genes potentially involved in the in vivo fitness were observed. These findings pointed out the role of some transcriptional regulators, type VI secretion system, and surface-associated proteins in the in vivo fitness of E. cloacae ATCC 13047. We then selected eight genes based on their high positive or negative fold changes (FCs) and tested the corresponding deletion mutants for their virulence and ability to cope with stresses. Thereby, we showed that ECL_02247 (encoding the NAD-dependent epimerase/dehydratase) and ECL_04444 (coding for a surface antigen-like protein) may correspond to new virulence factors, and that the regulator ECL_00056 was involved in in vivo fitness. In addition, bacterial cells lacking the flagellum-specific ATP synthase FliI (ECL_03223) and the hypothetical protein ECL_01421 were affected for mobility and resistance to H2O2, respectively. All these results yield valuable information regarding genes important for infection process and stress response of E. cloacae ATCC 13047 and participate to a better understanding of the opportunistic traits in this bacterial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Guérin
- Université de Caen Normandie, EA4655 U2RM (Équipe «Antibio-Résistance»), Caen, France.,CHU de Caen, Service de Microbiologie, Caen, France
| | - Claire Lallement
- Université de Caen Normandie, EA4655 U2RM (Équipe «Antibio-Résistance»), Caen, France
| | - Benoit Goudergues
- Université de Caen Normandie, EA4655 U2RM (Équipe «Antibio-Résistance»), Caen, France
| | - Christophe Isnard
- Université de Caen Normandie, EA4655 U2RM (Équipe «Antibio-Résistance»), Caen, France.,CHU de Caen, Service de Microbiologie, Caen, France
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Cacaci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Torelli
- Institute of Microbiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincent Cattoir
- Rennes University Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rennes, France.,Inserm U1230, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Giard
- Université de Caen Normandie, EA4655 U2RM (Équipe «Antibio-Résistance»), Caen, France
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Abstract
Enterobacter cloacae is an opportunistic pathogen that causes hospital-acquired infections in immunocompromised patients. Here, we describe vB_EclM_CIP9, a novel Enterobacter phage that infects a multidrug-resistant isolate of E. cloacae. Phage vB_EclM_CIP9 is a myovirus that has a 174,924-bp genome, with 296 predicted open reading frames. Enterobacter cloacae is an opportunistic pathogen that causes hospital-acquired infections in immunocompromised patients. Here, we describe vB_EclM_CIP9, a novel Enterobacter phage that infects a multidrug-resistant isolate of E. cloacae. Phage vB_EclM_CIP9 is a myovirus that has a 174,924-bp genome, with 296 predicted open reading frames.
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22
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Freire CA, Santos ACM, Pignatari AC, Silva RM, Elias WP. Serine protease autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATEs) are largely distributed among Escherichia coli isolated from the bloodstream. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:447-454. [PMID: 31965549 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is the major cause of Gram-negative-related sepsis. Bacterial survival in the bloodstream is mediated by a variety of virulence traits, including those mediating immune system evasion. Serine protease autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATE) constitute a superfamily of virulence factors that can cause tissue damage and cleavage of molecules of the complement system, which is a key feature for the establishment of infection in the bloodstream. In this study, we analyzed 278 E. coli strains isolated from human bacteremia from inpatients of both genders, different ages, and clinical conditions. These strains were screened for the presence of SPATE-encoding genes as well as for phylogenetic classification and intrinsic virulence of ExPEC. SPATE-encoding genes were detected in 61.2% of the strains and most of these strains (44.6%) presented distinct SPATE-encoding gene profiles. sat was the most frequent gene among the entire collection, found in 34.2%, followed by vat (28.4%), pic (8.3%), and tsh (4.7%). Although in low frequencies, espC (0.7%), eatA (1.1%), and espI (1.1%) were detected and are being reported for the first time in extraintestinal isolates. The presence of SPATE-encoding genes was positively associated to phylogroup B2 and intrinsic virulent strains. These findings suggest that SPATEs are highly prevalent and involved in diverse steps of the pathogenesis of bacteremia caused by E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Freire
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil 1500, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina M Santos
- Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Pignatari
- Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia Clínica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosa M Silva
- Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Waldir P Elias
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil 1500, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil.
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23
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Wafa SEI, Ahmed R, Ling KT, Carey P. A case of fever of unknown origin and recurrent hospital admissions in a cardiac patient: emergence of Enterobacter cloacae. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/9/e231108. [PMID: 31492731 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-231108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 72-year-old gentleman with significant cardiac history and a pacemaker in situ initially presented to the emergency department 5 days after he had his pacemaker-unit batteries changed. He had deranged vital signs, productive cough and fever. His chest plain radiograph did not show evidence of infection; however, he had right basal crackles on auscultation, which suggested a lower respiratory tract infection. He was treated with intravenous co-amoxiclav and supportive therapy, which led to his improvement. The patient was discharged but had to be readmitted a total of four times over the span of 4 months due to recurrent fever and associated symptoms. Transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiograms and CT of the neck/thorax/abdomen/pelvis were done to look for endocarditis, pacemaker-unit infection and other sources of infection. However, these did not show any evidence of infection. He did have persistent raised inflammatory markers and two blood cultures growing Enterobacter cloacae. A fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan was done, which showed evidence of pacemaker lead infection. His pacemaker unit was removed, which led to cessation of his symptoms and normalisation of his inflammatory markers. He had no further hospital admissions to date and has been regularly followed up in an outpatient cardiology clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Emir Irfan Wafa
- Cardiology, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Burton on Trent, UK.,Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Raheel Ahmed
- Cardiology, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Burton on Trent, UK
| | - Kay Teck Ling
- Cardiology, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Burton on Trent, UK.,Stroke Medicine, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Burton on Trent, UK
| | - Peter Carey
- Cardiology, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Burton on Trent, UK
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24
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Draft Genome Sequence of the Novel Enterobacter cloacae Strain amazonensis, a Highly Heavy Metal-Resistant Bacterium from a Contaminated Stream in Amazonas, Brazil. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:6/22/e00450-18. [PMID: 29853502 PMCID: PMC5981049 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00450-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the draft genome of the Enterobacter cloacae strain amazonensis, a bacterium highly resistant to mercury that was isolated from a metal- and sewage-contaminated stream in Amazonas, Brazil. The exploration of the 5.0-Mb genome revealed 104 genes encoding resistance to toxic compounds and heavy metals, highlighting the potential biotechnological applications of this strain.
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Nazir F, Ibrahim M, Zaman G, Hussain A, Yar AM, Bo Z. Genetic Diversity and Functional Analysis of Sigma Factors in Enterobacter cloacae Complex Resourced From Various Niche. Evol Bioinform Online 2018; 14:1176934318754878. [PMID: 29472760 PMCID: PMC5808824 DOI: 10.1177/1176934318754878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma factors are bacterial transcription factors that bind the core RNA polymerase and direct transcription initiation at a specific promoter site. These specialized sigma factors bind the promoters of genes appropriate to the environmental conditions and selectively increase the transcription of those genes. Here, we attempt to identify sigma factors in 5 genomes belonging to the Enterobacter cloacae complex (Ecc), a group of gram-negative bacteria that are important nosocomial pathogens. This process includes the identification of orthologous sequences, conserved motifs, domains, families, phylogenetic profiles, and protein-protein associations of these components. Based on the reference genome, genome-wide comparison revealed that the genomes of Enterobacter asburiae JCM6051, Enterobacter nimipressuralis CIP 104980, Enterobacter hormaechei ATCC49162, Enterobacter kobei JCM 8580, and Enterobacter ludwigii EN-119 encode 10 sigma factors that exist in the reference strain Enterobacter cloacae subsp cloacae ATCC13047. Moreover, the sequence similarity, protein domains and families of the sigma factors, protein-protein association, and phylogenetic profile indicate that the sigma factor proteins of these 5 strains may have evolutionary relatedness and functional characteristics important to their various environmental niches. Interestingly, the absence of RpoS in E kobei, which contributes to bacterial survival under environmental stress conditions, indicates that RpoS might have been independently acquired and may play different roles relating to pathogenicity, host range determination, and/or niche adaptation. Future work such as RNA sequencing will be directed towards investigating the roles that these sigma factors play in the biology of the Ecc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Nazir
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Ghunva Zaman
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Annam Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Asma Muhammad Yar
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Bo
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
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26
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Lawal O, Knobel H, Weda H, Nijsen TME, Goodacre R, Fowler SJ. TD/GC-MS analysis of volatile markers emitted from mono- and co-cultures of Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in artificial sputum. Metabolomics 2018; 14:66. [PMID: 29725275 PMCID: PMC5920131 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) can be caused by one or more pathogens. Current methods for identifying these pathogenic microbes often require invasive sampling, and can be time consuming, due to the requirement for prolonged cultural enrichment along with selective and differential plating steps. This results in delays in diagnosis which in such critically ill patients can have potentially life-threatening consequences. Therefore, a non-invasive and timely diagnostic method is required. Detection of microbial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath is proposed as an alternative method for identifying these pathogens and may distinguish between mono- and poly-microbial infections. OBJECTIVES To investigate volatile metabolites that discriminate between bacterial mono- and co-cultures. METHODS VAP-associated pathogens Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were cultured individually and together in artificial sputum medium for 24 h and their headspace was analysed for potential discriminatory VOCs by thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Of the 70 VOCs putatively identified, 23 were found to significantly increase during bacterial culture (i.e. likely to be released during metabolism) and 13 decreased (i.e. likely consumed during metabolism). The other VOCs showed no transformation (similar concentrations observed as in the medium). Bacteria-specific VOCs including 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-phenylethanol, and 3-methyl-1-butanol were observed in the headspace of axenic cultures of E. cloacae, and methyl 2-ethylhexanoate in the headspace of P. aeruginosa cultures which is novel to this investigation. Previously reported VOCs 1-undecene and pyrrole were also detected. The metabolites 2-methylbutyl acetate and methyl 2-methylbutyrate, which are reported to exhibit antimicrobial activity, were elevated in co-culture only. CONCLUSION The observed VOCs were able to differentiate axenic and co-cultures. Validation of these markers in exhaled breath specimens could prove useful for timely pathogen identification and infection type diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwasola Lawal
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hugo Knobel
- Philips Innovation Labs, Philips Lighting, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Weda
- Philips Research, Royal Philips B.V., Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Royston Goodacre
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen J Fowler
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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27
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Draft Genome Sequences of Two Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae Strains Isolated from Australian Hematology Patients with Bacteremia. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/33/e00756-17. [PMID: 28818892 PMCID: PMC5604765 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00756-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Enterobacter cloacae is a common member of the gut microbiota in healthy individuals. However, it is also an opportunistic pathogen, capable of causing bacteremia. We report the draft genomes of two Enterobacter cloacae subspecies cloacae strains isolated from hematology patients with bacteremia. Both isolates carry genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases.
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Draft Genome Sequences of Enterobacter cloacae Strains CAPREx E7 and CAPREx E2-2. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/23/e00488-17. [PMID: 28596406 PMCID: PMC5465625 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00488-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enterobacter cloacae strains CAPREx E7 and CAPREx E2-2 were isolated from Ghanaian yams at a London market. The draft genome sequences indicate that the two strains are similar, with genomes of 5,042,838 and 5,039,930 bp and 56.19% and 55.05% G+C content, respectively. Both strains encoded three different β-lactamases, including one of the AmpC family.
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29
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Ghaly TM, Chow L, Asher AJ, Waldron LS, Gillings MR. Evolution of class 1 integrons: Mobilization and dispersal via food-borne bacteria. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179169. [PMID: 28586403 PMCID: PMC5460862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Class 1 integrons have played a major role in the global dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Reconstructing the history of class 1 integrons might help us control further spread of antibiotic resistance by understanding how human activities influence microbial evolution. Here we describe a class 1 integron that represents an intermediate stage in the evolutionary history of clinical integrons. It was embedded in a series of nested transposons, carried on an IncP plasmid resident in Enterobacter, isolated from the surface of baby spinach leaves. Based on the structure of this integron, we present a modified hypothesis for integron assembly, where the ancestral clinical class 1 integron was captured from a betaproteobacterial chromosome to form a Tn402-like transposon. This transposon then inserted into a plasmid-borne Tn21-like ancestor while in an environmental setting, possibly a bacterium resident in the phyllosphere. We suggest that the qacE gene cassette, conferring resistance to biocides, together with the mercury resistance operon carried by Tn21, provided a selective advantage when this bacterium made its way into the human commensal flora via food. The integron characterized here was located in Tn6007, which along with Tn6008, forms part of the larger Tn6006 transposon, itself inserted into another transposable element to form the Tn21-like transposon, Tn6005. This element has previously been described from the human microbiota, but with a promoter mutation that upregulates integron cassette expression. This element we describe here is from an environmental bacterium, and supports the hypothesis that the ancestral class 1 integron migrated into anthropogenic settings via foodstuffs. Selection pressures brought about by early antimicrobial agents, including mercury, arsenic and disinfectants, promoted its initial fixation, the acquisition of promoter mutations, and subsequent dissemination into various species and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Ghaly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Louise Chow
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy J. Asher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Liette S. Waldron
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael R. Gillings
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Park JM, You YH, Back CG, Kim HH, Ghim SY, Park JH. Fungal load in Bradysia agrestis, a phytopathogen-transmitting insect vector. Symbiosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-017-0494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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31
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Monira S, Shabnam SA, Ali SI, Sadique A, Johura FT, Rahman KZ, Alam NH, Watanabe H, Alam M. Multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria in the gut of young children in Bangladesh. Gut Pathog 2017; 9:19. [PMID: 28439298 PMCID: PMC5399343 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-017-0170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut of human harbors diverse commensal microbiota performing an array of beneficial role for the hosts. In the present study, the major commensal gut bacteria isolated by culturing methods from 15 children of moderate income families, aged between 10 and 24 months, were studied for their response to different antibiotics, and the molecular basis of drug resistance. RESULTS Of 122 bacterial colonies primarily selected from Luria-Bertani agar, bacterial genera confirmed by analytical profile index (API) 20E® system included Escherichia as the predominant (52%) organism, followed by Enterobacter (16%), Pseudomonas (12%), Klebsiella (6%), Pantoea (6%), Vibrio (3%), and Citrobacter (3%); while Aeromonas and Raoultella were identified as the infrequently occurring genera. An estimated 11 and 22% of the E. coli isolates carried virulence marker genes stx-2 and eae, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility assay revealed 78% of the gut bacteria to be multidrug resistant (MDR) with highest resistance to erythromycin (96%), followed by ampicillin (63%), tetracycline (59%), azithromycin (53%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (43%), cefixime (39%), and ceftriaxone (33%). PCR assay results revealed 56% of the gut bacteria to possess gene cassette Class 1 integron; while 8, 17.5 and 6% of the strains carried tetracycline resistance-related genes tetA, tetB, and tetD, respectively. The macrolide (erythromycin and azithromycin) resistance marker genes mphA, ereB, and ermB were found in 28, 3 and 5% of bacterial isolates, respectively; while 26, 12, 17, 32, 7, 4 and 3% of the MDR bacterial isolates carried the extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-related genes e.g., blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCMY-9, blaCTX-M1, blaCTX-M2, blaCMY-2 and blaOXA respectively. Majority of the MDR gut bacteria harbored large plasmids [e.g., 140 MDa (43%), 105 MDa (30%), 90 MDa (14%)] carrying invasion and related antibiotic resistance marker genes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest gut of young Bangladeshi children to be an important reservoir for multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria carrying ESBL related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirajum Monira
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Syeda Antara Shabnam
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Sk Imran Ali
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Abdus Sadique
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Fatema-Tuz Johura
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Zillur Rahman
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Nur Haque Alam
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | | | - Munirul Alam
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
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32
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da Silva LC, de Mello Santos AC, Silva RM. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli pathogenicity islands and other ExPEC virulence genes may contribute to the genome variability of enteroinvasive E. coli. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:68. [PMID: 28302076 PMCID: PMC5356261 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-0979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) may be the causative agent of part of those million cases of diarrhea illness reported worldwide every year and attributable to Shigella. That is because both enteropathogens have many common characteristics that difficult their identification either by traditional microbiological methods or by molecular tools used in the clinical laboratory settings. While Shigella has been extensively studied, EIEC remains barely characterized at the molecular level. Recent EIEC important outbreaks, apparently generating more life-threatening cases, have prompted us to screen EIEC for virulence traits usually related to extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). That could explain the appearance of EIEC strains presenting higher virulence potential. RESULTS EIEC strains were distributed mainly in three phylogroups in a serogroup-dependent manner. Serogroups O124, O136, O144, and O152 were exclusively classified in phylogroup A; O143 in group E; and O28ac and O29 in group B1. Only two serogroups showed diverse phylogenetic origin as follows: O164 was assigned to groups A, B1, C, and B2 (one strain each), and O167 in groups E (five strains), and A (one strain) (Table 1). Eleven of 20 virulence genes (VGs) searched were detected, and the majority of the 19 different VGs combinations found were serogroup-specific. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) PAI genetic markers were detected in all EIEC strains. PAIs IJ96 and IICFT073 were the most frequent (92.1 and 80.4%, respectively). PAI IV536 was restricted to some serogroups from phylogroups A, B1 and E. PAI ICFT073 was uniquely detected in phylogroups B2 and E. A total of 45 (88%) strains presented multiple PAI markers (two to four). PAIs IJ96 and IICFT073 were found together in 80% of strains. CONCLUSIONS EIEC is a DEC pathovar that presents VGs and pathogenicity island genetic markers typically associated with ExPEC, especially UPEC. These features are distributed in a phylogenetic and serogroup-dependent manner suggesting the existence of stable EIEC subclones. The presence of phylogroups B2 and E strains allied to the presence of UPEC virulence-associated genes may underscore the ongoing evolution of EIEC towards a hypervirulent pathotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Cristina da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, CEP 04023-062, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina de Mello Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, CEP 04023-062, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, CEP 04023-062, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Yang Q, Zhang H, Wang Y, Xu Z, Zhang G, Chen X, Xu Y, Cao B, Kong H, Ni Y, Yu Y, Sun Z, Hu B, Huang W, Wang Y, Wu A, Feng X, Liao K, Luo Y, Hu Z, Chu Y, Lu J, Su J, Gui B, Duan Q, Zhang S, Shao H, Badal RE. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of aerobic and facultative gram-negative bacilli isolated from Chinese patients with urinary tract infections between 2010 and 2014. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:192. [PMID: 28264656 PMCID: PMC5340045 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution and susceptibility of aerobic and facultative Gram-negative bacilli isolated from Chinese patients with UTIs collected within 48 h (community acquired, CA) or after 48 h (hospital acquired, HA) of hospital admission. Methods From 2010 to 2014, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 12 antibiotics for 4,332 aerobic and facultative Gram-negative bacilli, sampled in 21 hospitals in 16 cities, were determined by the broth microdilution method. Results Enterobacteriaceae composed 88.5% of the total isolates, with Escherichia coli (E. coli) (63.2%) the most commonly isolated species, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) (12.2%). Non-Enterobacteriaceae accounted for only 11.5% of all isolates and included mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (6.9%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) (3.3%). Among the antimicrobial agents tested, the susceptibility rates of E.coli to the two carbapenems, ertapenem and imipenem as well as amikacin and piperacillin-tazobactam ranged from 92.5 to 98.7%. Against K. pneumonia, the most potent antibiotics were imipenem (92.6% susceptibility), amikacin (89.2% susceptibility) and ertapenem (87.9% susceptibility). Although non-Enterobacteriaceae did not show high susceptibilities to the 12 common antibiotics, amikacin exhibited the highest in vitro activity against P. aeruginosa over the 5-year study period, followed by piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, ceftazidime, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. The Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) rates decreased slowly during the 5 years in E. coli from 68.6% in 2010 to 59.1% in 2014, in K. pneumoniae from 59.7 to 49.2%, and in Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) from 40.0 to 26.1%. However, the ESBL rates were different in 5 regions of China (Northeast, North, East, South and Middle-China). Conclusion E. coli and K. pneumonia were the major pathogens causing UTIs and carbapenems and amikacin retained the highest susceptibility rates over the 5-year study period, indicating that they are good drug choices for empirical therapies, particularly of CA UTIs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Lab., China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Haishen Kong
- Department of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yuxing Ni
- Division of Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, SirRunRun Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Ziyong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bijie Hu
- Division of Microbiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenxiang Huang
- Division of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Infection control center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xianju Feng
- Division of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhenzhou, 450052, China
| | - Kang Liao
- Division of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yanping Luo
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhidong Hu
- Division of Microbiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjing, 300052, China
| | - Yunzhuo Chu
- Division of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jianrong Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Bingdong Gui
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Qiong Duan
- Microbiology Lab, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Division of Microbiology, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, 570208, China
| | - Haifeng Shao
- Division of Microbiology, General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Robert E Badal
- Division of Microbiology, International Health Management Associates, Schaumburg, IL, 60173-3817, USA
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Du H, Puri S, McCall A, Norris HL, Russo T, Edgerton M. Human Salivary Protein Histatin 5 Has Potent Bactericidal Activity against ESKAPE Pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:41. [PMID: 28261570 PMCID: PMC5309243 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) pathogens have characteristic multiple-drug resistance and cause an increasing number of nosocomial infections worldwide. Peptide-based therapeutics to treat ESKAPE infections might be an alternative to conventional antibiotics. Histatin 5 (Hst 5) is a salivary cationic histidine-rich peptide produced only in humans and higher primates. It has high antifungal activity against Candida albicans through an energy-dependent, non-lytic process; but its bactericidal effects are less known. We found Hst 5 has bactericidal activity against S. aureus (60–70% killing) and A. baumannii (85–90% killing) in 10 and 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), while killing of >99% of P. aeruginosa, 60–80% E. cloacae and 20–60% of E. faecium was found in 10 mM NaPB. Hst 5 killed 60% of biofilm cells of P. aeruginosa, but had reduced activity against biofilms of S. aureus and A. baumannii. Hst 5 killed 20% of K. pneumonia biofilm cells but not planktonic cells. Binding and uptake studies using FITC-labeled Hst 5 showed E. faecium and E. cloacae killing required Hst 5 internalization and was energy dependent, while bactericidal activity was rapid against P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii suggesting membrane disruption. Hst 5-mediated killing of S. aureus was both non-lytic and energy independent. Additionally, we found that spermidine conjugated Hst 5 (Hst5-Spd) had improved killing activity against E. faecium, E. cloacae, and A. baumannii. Hst 5 or its derivative has antibacterial activity against five out of six ESKAPE pathogens and may be an alternative treatment for these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Du
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sumant Puri
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Andrew McCall
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hannah L Norris
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Russo
- Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare SystemBuffalo, NY, USA; The Department of Medicine, University at BuffaloBuffalo, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at BuffaloBuffalo, NY, USA; The Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, University at BuffaloBuffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mira Edgerton
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo Buffalo, NY, USA
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Awotar GK, Luo F, Zhao Z, Guan G, Ning S, Ren J, Liu Y, Wang G, Liu P. Splenic abscess owing to cancer at the splenic flexure: A case report and comprehensive review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4941. [PMID: 27661050 PMCID: PMC5044920 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cancer of the splenic flexure of the colon is a rare medical entity with severe morbidity because of its insidious onset. METHODS We present the case of a 59-year-old male patient with dull left upper quadrant pain, leukocytosis, and anemia. A splenic abscess described as an air-fluid level with splenocolic fistula was found on CT scan imaging. Surgery was done for splenic pus drainage. He was again admitted 2 months later for intestinal obstruction. RESULTS An exploratory laparotomy showed multiple hard, gray liver nodules as well as a hard mass in the small bowel. Owing to extensive adhesions and a late stage of cancer involvement, the splenic flexure tumor was not resected. A loop transverse colostomy was done and a Coloplast Colostomy bag placed. We also reviewed the literature-linking colon cancer and splenic abscess with specific attention to the carcinoma of the splenic flexure. As the latter invades through the spleen matter, there is the creation of a splenocolic fistula, which allows the migration of normal gut flora into the spleen. This leads to the formation of the splenic abscess. CONCLUSION This is the 13 case report pertaining to invading colonic cancer causing a splenic abscess. Although the treatment for splenic abscesses is shifting from splenectomy to image-guided percutaneous pus drainage, the few reported cases make the proper management of such complication still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavish K. Awotar
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Fuwen Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Zhengdong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Guoxin Guan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Shili Ning
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Jinshuai Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Pixu Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital Collaborative Innovation Center of Oncology-Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
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You YH, Park JM, Yi PH, Back CG, Park MJ, Han KS, Yoon JB, Kim HH, Park JH. Microflora of phytopathogen-transferring Bradysia agrestis: a step toward finding ideal candidates for paratransgenesis. Symbiosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-016-0412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol through a two-stage pH and agitation strategy in 150l bioreactor. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Gnat S, Trościańczyk A, Nowakiewicz A, Majer-Dziedzic B, Ziółkowska G, Dziedzic R, Zięba P, Teodorowski O. Experimental studies of microbial populations and incidence of zoonotic pathogens in the faeces of red deer (Cervus elaphus
). Lett Appl Microbiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Gnat
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases; University of Life Sciences; Lublin Poland
| | - A. Trościańczyk
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases; University of Life Sciences; Lublin Poland
| | - A. Nowakiewicz
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases; University of Life Sciences; Lublin Poland
| | - B. Majer-Dziedzic
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases; University of Life Sciences; Lublin Poland
| | - G. Ziółkowska
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases; University of Life Sciences; Lublin Poland
| | - R. Dziedzic
- Sub-Department of Animal Ecology and Wildlife; Department of Zoology, Animal Ecology and Wildlife; Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding; University of Life Sciences; Lublin Poland
| | - P. Zięba
- State Veterinary Laboratory; Lublin Poland
| | - O. Teodorowski
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases; University of Life Sciences; Lublin Poland
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Yap AC, Chan KG, Sim KS, Choo YM. A new oxolane from Enterobacter cloacae. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:783-8. [PMID: 26252083 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1065492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Enterobacter cloacae is a highly pathogenic Gram-negative proteobacterium which is responsible for a wide array of infections. In the present study, the fermentation culture of E. cloacae has yielded one new oxolane compound, Rimboxo (1) in addition to three known compounds, i.e. Maculosine (2), phenylacetic acid (3) and methyl myristate (4). These compounds were isolated and characterised using extensive chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, and were subjected to cytotoxicity evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Chee Yap
- a Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur 50603 , Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- b Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur 50603 , Malaysia
| | - Kae-Shin Sim
- b Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur 50603 , Malaysia
| | - Yeun-Mun Choo
- a Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur 50603 , Malaysia
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Binar M, Arslan F, Tasli H, Karakoc O, Kilic A, Aydin U. An unusual cause of necrosis and nasal septum perforation after septoplasty: Enterobacter cloacae. New Microbes New Infect 2015; 8:150-3. [PMID: 27257495 PMCID: PMC4877400 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A 20-year-old man with nasal obstruction underwent septoplasty due to nasal septal deviation. Nasal packs were inserted at the end of surgery and removed 48 hours after surgery. Twenty-four hours after removal of nasal packs, there was necrosis in both sides of septal mucosa and in bilateral inferior turbinates. Nasal swab culture was performed from both nasal cavities. Enterobacter cloacae was isolated from samples. Two weeks after surgery, nasal septum perforation was unavoidable. To our knowledge, this is the first case in literature describing septal mucosal necrosis caused by this pathogen after septoplasty. Mucosal necrosis and perforation as septoplasty complications should be kept in mind, the result of causes both common and, as in the present case, unusual.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Binar
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - F Arslan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Tasli
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - O Karakoc
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Kilic
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - U Aydin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
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Akbari S, Oshaghi MA, Hashemi-Aghdam SS, Hajikhani S, Oshaghi G, Shirazi MH. Aerobic Bacterial Community of American Cockroach Periplaneta americana,a Step toward Finding Suitable Paratransgenesis Candidates. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2015; 9:35-48. [PMID: 26114142 PMCID: PMC4478416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cockroaches mechanically spread pathogenic agents, however, little is known about their gut microbiota. Identification of midgut microbial community helps targeting novel biological control strategies such as paratransgenesis. Here the bacterial microbiota of Periplaneta americana midgut, were identified and evaluated for finding proper paratransgenesis candidate. METHODS Midgut of specimens were dissected and cultivated in different media. The bacterial isolates were then identified using the phenotypic and 16S-rRNA sequencing methods. RESULTS The analytical profile index (API) kit showed presence of 11 bacterial species including: Escherichia coli, Shigella flexineri, Citrobacter freundii, E. vulneris, Enterobacter cloacae, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Y. intermedia, Leclericia adecarboxylata, Klebsiella oxytoca, K. planticola, and Rahnella aquatilis in the cockroach midguts. The first three species are potentially symbiotic whereas others are transient. The conventional plating method revealed presence of only four isolates of Salmonella, E. coli, and Proteus which in three cases mismatched with API and 16S-rRNA genotyping. The API correctly identified the four isolates as Shigella flexneri, Citrobacter freundii, and E. coli (n= 2). 16S-rRNA sequence analysis confirmed the API results; however the C. freundii sequence was identical with C. murliniae indicating lack of genetic variation in the gene between these two closely related species. CONCLUSION A low number of potentially symbiotic bacteria were found in the American cockroach midguts. Among them Enterobacter cloacae is a potential candidate for paratransgenesis approach whereas other bacteria are pathogens and are not useful for the approach. Data analysis showed that identification levels increase from the conventional to API and to genotyping respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Akbari
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Oshaghi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sara Hajikhani
- Department of Pathology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Oshaghi
- Department of Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (NNFTRI), Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Shirazi
- Department of Pathology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Blundell HJ, Mason CA. Enterobacter cloacae pericardial effusion in a frail elderly patient. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2014-207025. [PMID: 25697299 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-207025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a frail 82-year-old man with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis and a recent pacemaker insertion, admitted with pulmonary oedema and a symptomatic pericardial effusion. He was treated with diuretics and an urgent pericardiocentesis, a sample from which cultured Enterobacter cloacae. A subsequent abdominal CT scan revealed faecal loading, an abnormal anorectal canal and sigmoid colon and a bowel perforation. Endoscopy, biopsies and histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis with coexistent fungal infection. The E. cloacae infection was successfully treated with 6 weeks of intravenous meropenem, while the CMV and fungal infections were treated with a combination of valganciclovir and fluconazole. We postulate that the bowel perforation resulted from a combination of CMV colitis, faecal loading and steroid therapy and led to bacterial translocation of E. cloacae and the development of the pericardial effusion. This case represents an unusual pathophysiology for the development of an E. cloacae pericardial effusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Blundell
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - C A Mason
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Murphree CA, Li Q, Heist EP, Moe LA. A multiple antibiotic-resistant enterobacter cloacae strain isolated from a bioethanol fermentation facility. Microbes Environ 2014; 29:322-5. [PMID: 24941895 PMCID: PMC4159044 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An Enterobacter cloacae strain (E. cloacae F3S3) that was collected as part of a project to assess antibiotic resistance among bacteria isolated from bioethanol fermentation facilities demonstrated high levels of resistance to antibiotics added prophylactically to bioethanol fermentors. PCR assays revealed the presence of canonical genes encoding resistance to penicillin (ampC) and erythromycin (ermG). Assays measuring biofilm formation under antibiotic stress indicated that erythromycin induced biofilm formation in E. cloacae F3S3. Planktonic growth and biofilm formation were observed at a high ethanol content, indicating E. cloacae F3S3 can persist in a bioethanol fermentor under the highly variable environmental conditions found in fermentors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin A. Murphree
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,
USA 40546–0312
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,
USA 40546–0312
| | - E. Patrick Heist
- Ferm Solutions, Inc., 445 Roy Arnold Ave., Danville, KY,
USA, 40422
| | - Luke A. Moe
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,
USA 40546–0312
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Colistin heteroresistance in Enterobacter cloacae is associated with cross-resistance to the host antimicrobial lysozyme. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:5594-7. [PMID: 24982068 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02432-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the first identification of colistin-heteroresistant Enterobacter cloacae in the United States. Treatment of this isolate with colistin increased the frequency of the resistant subpopulation and induced cross-resistance to the host antimicrobial lysozyme. This is the first description of heteroresistance conferring cross-resistance to a host antimicrobial and suggests that clinical treatment with colistin may inadvertently select for bacteria that are resistant to components of the host innate immune system.
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Effects of Enterobacter cloacae on boar sperm quality during liquid storage at 17°C. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 148:72-82. [PMID: 24880981 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of fresh and extended boar sperm often occurs in farms and artificial insemination (AI) centres during semen collection, processing and storage. The presence of bacteria produces detrimental effects on boar sperm quality, which may cause economic losses in reproductive centres. The present study has evaluated for the first time how the presence of Enterobacter cloacae affects the preservation of boar spermatozoa in liquid storage at 15-17 °C for an 11-day period. With this purpose, extended semen samples from seven healthy post-pubertal boars were artificially contaminated with different sperm:bacterium ratios (2:1; 1:1; 1:5 and 1:10) of E. cloacae. The 1:0 ratio (non-inoculated) served as a negative control. The most infective ratios (i.e. 1:5 and 1:10) significantly damaged sperm motility and membrane integrity, increased sperm agglutination, and decreased the osmotic resistance of spermatozoa. In contrast, the negative impact that the lowest bacterial concentration (2:1) had on boar sperm quality was clearly lower. In addition, other parameters such as pH were also more affected at the highest infective ratios (i.e. 1:5 and 1:10), despite no damage being observed on sperm morphology. In conclusion, the present work shows that damage inflicted by the presence of E. cloacae in boar sperm during liquid storage at 15-17 °C compromises the longevity and fertilising ability of seminal doses when bacterial concentration is higher than a 1:1 ratio. Further research is warranted to address by which mechanism E. cloacae impairs boar sperm quality.
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Vasudevan R, Kennedy AJ, Merritt M, Crocker FH, Baney RH. Microscale patterned surfaces reduce bacterial fouling-microscopic and theoretical analysis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 117:225-32. [PMID: 24657607 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microscale patterned surfaces have been shown to control the arrangement of bacteria attached to surfaces. This study was conducted to examine the effect of patterned topographies on bacterial fouling using Enterobacter cloacae as the test model. E. cloacae is an opportunistic pathogen involved frequently in nosocomial infections. It is an important model organism to be studied in the context of healthcare associated infections (HAI) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based urinary catheter fouling. Patterned surfaces, such as Sharklet™, have shown the promise of being a benign surface treatment for prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). To the best of our knowledge, inhibition of fouling by E. cloacae has not been demonstrated on microscale patterned PDMS surfaces. In this study, the Sharklet™ and smooth PDMS surfaces were used as controls. All pattern surfaces had statistically significantly lower percentage area coverage compared to the smooth PDMS control. A cross type feature (C-1-PDMS), demonstrated the most significant reduction in percent area coverage, 89% (p<0.01, α=0.05), compared to the smooth PDMS control and all other patterned test surfaces. Additionally, theoretical calculations show that C-1-PDMS is the only surface predicted to hold the thermodynamically stable Cassie state, which occurs due to trapping air pockets at the liquid-solid interface. Combined the results provide new insights for designing environmentally benign, novel, microscale patterned surfaces for restricting bacterial fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Vasudevan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Alan J Kennedy
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | | | - Fiona H Crocker
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Ronald H Baney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Muhammad UQ, Abdul H, Muhammad UA, Muhammad A. Metallo--lactamase producing Enterobacter cloacae: An emerging threat in neonates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2013.6348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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49
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Zhou G, Li LJ, Shi QS, Ouyang YS, Chen YB, Hu WF. Efficacy of metal ions and isothiazolones in inhibiting Enterobacter cloacae BF-17 biofilm formation. Can J Microbiol 2013; 60:5-14. [PMID: 24392921 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2013-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Enterobacter cloacae is a nosocomial pathogen. The E. cloacae strain BF-17, with a high capacity for biofilm formation, was screened and identified from industrially contaminated samples, carried out in our laboratory. To develop an efficient strategy to deal with biofilms, we investigated the effects of metal ions, including Na⁺, K⁺, Ca⁺, Mg⁺, Cu⁺, and Mn⁺, and 3 isothiazolones, on elimination of E. cloacae BF-17 biofilm formation by using a 0.1% crystal violet staining method. The results revealed that higher concentrations of Na⁺ or K⁺ significantly inhibited E. cloacae BF-17 biofilm development. Meanwhile, Ca²⁺ and Mn²⁺ stimulated biofilm formation at low concentration but exhibited a negative effect at high concentration. Moreover, biofilm formation decreased with increasing concentration of Mg²⁺ and Cu²⁺. The isothiazolones Kathon (14%), 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (11%), and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (10%) stimulated initial biofilm formation but not planktonic growth at low concentrations and displayed inhibitory effects on both biofilm formation and planktonic growth at higher concentrations. Unfortunately, the 3 isothiazolones exerted negligible effects on preformed or fully mature biofilms. Our findings suggest that Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, and isothiazolones could be used to prevent and eliminate E. cloacae BF-17 biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- a Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, South China (The Ministry-Province Joint Development), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510070, People's Republic of China
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50
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Liu WY, Wong CF, Chung KMK, Jiang JW, Leung FCC. Comparative genome analysis of Enterobacter cloacae. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74487. [PMID: 24069314 PMCID: PMC3771936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Enterobacter cloacae species includes an extremely diverse group of bacteria that are associated with plants, soil and humans. Publication of the complete genome sequence of the plant growth-promoting endophytic E. cloacae subsp. cloacae ENHKU01 provided an opportunity to perform the first comparative genome analysis between strains of this dynamic species. Examination of the pan-genome of E. cloacae showed that the conserved core genome retains the general physiological and survival genes of the species, while genomic factors in plasmids and variable regions determine the virulence of the human pathogenic E. cloacae strain; additionally, the diversity of fimbriae contributes to variation in colonization and host determination of different E. cloacae strains. Comparative genome analysis further illustrated that E. cloacae strains possess multiple mechanisms for antagonistic action against other microorganisms, which involve the production of siderophores and various antimicrobial compounds, such as bacteriocins, chitinases and antibiotic resistance proteins. The presence of Type VI secretion systems is expected to provide further fitness advantages for E. cloacae in microbial competition, thus allowing it to survive in different environments. Competition assays were performed to support our observations in genomic analysis, where E. cloacae subsp. cloacae ENHKU01 demonstrated antagonistic activities against a wide range of plant pathogenic fungal and bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Yee Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chi-Fat Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Karl Ming-Kar Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Wei Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinformatics Centre, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Frederick Chi-Ching Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinformatics Centre, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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