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Mousavian Z, Folkesson E, Fröberg G, Foroogh F, Correia-Neves M, Bruchfeld J, Källenius G, Sundling C. A protein signature associated with active tuberculosis identified by plasma profiling and network-based analysis. iScience 2022; 25:105652. [PMID: 36561889 PMCID: PMC9763869 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Annually, approximately 10 million people are diagnosed with active tuberculosis (TB), and 1.4 million die of the disease. If left untreated, each person with active TB will infect 10-15 new individuals. The lack of non-sputum-based diagnostic tests leads to delayed diagnoses of active pulmonary TB cases, contributing to continued disease transmission. In this exploratory study, we aimed to identify biomarkers associated with active TB. We assessed the plasma levels of 92 proteins associated with inflammation in individuals with active TB (n = 20), latent TB (n = 14), or healthy controls (n = 10). Using co-expression network analysis, we identified one module of proteins with strong association with active TB. We removed proteins from the module that had low abundance or were associated with non-TB diseases in published transcriptomic datasets, resulting in a 12-protein plasma signature that was highly enriched in individuals with pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB and was further associated with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaynab Mousavian
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elin Folkesson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabrielle Fröberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fariba Foroogh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margarida Correia-Neves
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Judith Bruchfeld
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Källenius
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sundling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding author
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2
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Valencia JC, Erwin-Cohen RA, Clavijo PE, Allen C, Sanford ME, Day CP, Hess MM, Johnson M, Yin J, Fenimore JM, Bettencourt IA, Tsuneyama K, Romero ME, Klarmann KD, Jiang P, Bae HR, McVicar DW, Merlino G, Edmondson EF, Anandasabapathy N, Young HA. Myeloid-Derived Suppressive Cell Expansion Promotes Melanoma Growth and Autoimmunity by Inhibiting CD40/IL27 Regulation in Macrophages. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5977-5990. [PMID: 34642183 PMCID: PMC8639618 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between cancer and autoimmunity is complex. However, the incidence of solid tumors such as melanoma has increased significantly among patients with previous or newly diagnosed systemic autoimmune disease (AID). At the same time, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy of cancer induces de novo autoinflammation and exacerbates underlying AID, even without evident antitumor responses. Recently, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) activity was found to drive myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) formation in patients, a known barrier to healthy immune surveillance and successful cancer immunotherapy. Cross-talk between MDSCs and macrophages generally drives immune suppressive activity in the tumor microenvironment. However, it remains unclear how peripheral pregenerated MDSC under chronic inflammatory conditions modulates global macrophage immune functions and the impact it could have on existing tumors and underlying lupus nephritis. Here we show that pathogenic expansion of SLE-generated MDSCs by melanoma drives global macrophage polarization and simultaneously impacts the severity of lupus nephritis and tumor progression in SLE-prone mice. Molecular and functional data showed that MDSCs interact with autoimmune macrophages and inhibit cell surface expression of CD40 and the production of IL27. Moreover, low CD40/IL27 signaling in tumors correlated with high tumor-associated macrophage infiltration and ICB therapy resistance both in murine and human melanoma exhibiting active IFNγ signatures. These results suggest that preventing global macrophage reprogramming induced by MDSC-mediated inhibition of CD40/IL27 signaling provides a precision melanoma immunotherapy strategy, supporting an original and advantageous approach to treat solid tumors within established autoimmune landscapes. SIGNIFICANCE: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells induce macrophage reprogramming by suppressing CD40/IL27 signaling to drive melanoma progression, simultaneously affecting underlying autoimmune disease and facilitating resistance to immunotherapy within preexisting autoimmune landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Valencia
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, CCR, NCI, Frederick Maryland.
| | | | - Paul E Clavijo
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Clint Allen
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Chi-Ping Day
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, CCR, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Megan M Hess
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, CCR, NCI, Frederick Maryland
| | - Morgan Johnson
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, CCR, NCI, Frederick Maryland
| | - Jie Yin
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, CCR, NCI, Frederick Maryland
| | - John M Fenimore
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, CCR, NCI, Frederick Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | - Peng Jiang
- Cancer Data Science laboratory, CCR, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Heekyong R Bae
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, CCR, NCI, Frederick Maryland
| | - Daniel W McVicar
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, CCR, NCI, Frederick Maryland
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, CCR, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Howard A Young
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, CCR, NCI, Frederick Maryland
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3
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Infectious Complications Predict Premature CD8 + T-cell Senescence in CD40 Ligand-Deficient Patients. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:795-806. [PMID: 33495902 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-00968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE CD40 ligand (CD40L)-deficient patients display increased susceptibilities to infections that can be mitigated with effective prophylactic strategies including immunoglobulin G (IgG) replacement and prophylactic antibiotics. CD8+ T-cell senescence has been described in CD40L deficiency, but it is unclear if this is an intrinsic feature of the disease or secondary to infectious exposures. To address this question, we assessed CD8+ T-cell senescence and its relationship to clinical histories, including prophylaxis adherence and infections, in CD40L-deficient patients. METHODS Peripheral CD8+ T-cells from seven CD40L-deficient patients and healthy controls (HCs) were assessed for senescent features using T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) analysis, flow cytometry, cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) and in vitro functional determinations including CMV-specific proliferation and cytokine release assays. RESULTS Three patients (5, 28, and 34 years old) who were poorly adherent to immunoglobulin G replacement and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis and/or experienced multiple childhood pneumonias (patient group 1) had an expansion of effector memory CD8+ T-cells with the senescent phenotype when compared to HCs. Such changes were not observed in the patient group 2 (four patients, 16, 22, 24, and 33 years old) who were life-long adherents to prophylaxis and experienced few infectious complications. CyTOF analysis of CD8+ T-cells from the 5-year-old patient and older adult HCs showed similar expression patterns of senescence-associated molecules. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that recurrent infections and non-adherence to prophylaxis promote early CD8+ T-cell senescence in CD40L deficiency. Premature senescence may increase malignant susceptibilities and further exacerbate infectious risk in CD40L-deficient patients.
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Chauhan P, Dandapat J, Sarkar A, Saha B. March of Mycobacterium: miRNAs intercept host cell CD40 signalling. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1179. [PMID: 33072321 PMCID: PMC7541823 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The disease tuberculosis is fatal if untreated. It is caused by the acid‐fast bacilli Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium resides and replicates within the alveolar macrophages, causing inflammation and granuloma, wherein macrophage‐T cell interactions enhance the inflammation‐causing pulmonary caseous lesions. The first interactions between Mycobacterium and the receptors on macrophages decide the fate of Mycobacterium because of phagolysosomal impairments and the expression of several miRNAs, which may regulate CD40 expression on macrophages. While the altered phagolysosomal functions impede antigen presentation to the T cell‐expressed antigen receptor, the interactions between the macrophage‐expressed CD40 and the T cell‐expressed CD40‐ligand (CD40L or CD154) provide signals to T cells and Mycobacterium‐infected macrophages. These two functions significantly influence the resolution or persistence of Mycobacterium infection. CD40 controls T‐cell polarisation and host‐protective immunity by eliciting interleukin‐12p40, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species and IFN‐γ production. Indeed, CD40‐deficient mice succumb to low‐dose aerosol infection with Mycobacterium because of deficient interleukin (IL)‐12 production leading to impaired IFN‐γ‐secreting T‐cell response. In contrast, despite generating fewer granulomas, the CD40L‐deficient mice developed anti‐mycobacterial T‐cell responses to the levels observed in the wild‐type mice. These host‐protective responses are significantly subdued by the Mycobacterium‐infected macrophage produced TGF‐β and IL‐10, which promote pro‐mycobacterial T‐cell responses. The CD40‐CD40L‐induced counteractive immune responses against Mycobacterium thus present a conundrum that we explain here with a reconciliatory hypothesis. Experimental validation of the hypothesis will provide a rationale for designing anti‐tubercular immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arup Sarkar
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology Bhubaneswar India
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS) Pune India.,Trident Academy of Creative Technology Bhubaneswar India
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Lin D, Liu Q, Wang W, Li Y, Li Y, Lin B, Ye Z, Huang J, Yu X, Chen Y, Mei Y, Huang M, Yang W, Zhou J, Liu X, Zeng J. Aberrant expression of miR-16, B12 and CD272 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with active tuberculosis. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:6076-6091. [PMID: 33194015 PMCID: PMC7653578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) immunity is affected by complex immune regulation processes, which involve various immune cells, immune molecules, and cytokines. Here, we evaluated the expression of B12, CD272 and miR-16 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. The results showed that monocytes expressing CD272 or B12 were down-regulated in patients with tuberculosis. The expression of B12 and CD272 in T cells and monocytes is related to tuberculosis. In TB patients, the up-regulation of miR-16 was negatively correlated with B12 mRNA expression, miR-16 was mainly expressed in CD14+ monocytes, and CD272 mRNA was mainly expressed in CD19+ B cells. It is worth noting that the overexpression of miR-16 inhibits the expression of CD272 and B12 in monocytes of TB patients. After BCG stimulation, miR-16 expression of CD14+ monocytes was up-regulated and B12 mRNA and CD272 mRNA expressions were down-regulated in TB patients. Finally, we found that miR-16 may participate in the TB immunization process through targeted regulation of B12 expression. These studies indicate that the expression of B12, CD272 and miR-16 in PBMC may be related to tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzi Lin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Foshan Forth People’s HospitalFoshan 528041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiankun Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Foshan Forth People’s HospitalFoshan 528041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyun Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Sixth People’s HospitalDongguan 523008, Guangdong, China
| | - Bihua Lin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyu Ye
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Sixth People’s HospitalDongguan 523008, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinwen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Sixth People’s HospitalDongguan 523008, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuezhi Mei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Sixth People’s HospitalDongguan 523008, Guangdong, China
| | - Minyuan Huang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqin Yang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Foshan Forth People’s HospitalFoshan 528041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
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6
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Chung YT, Pasquinelli V, Jurado JO, Wang X, Yi N, Barnes PF, Garcia VE, Samten B. Elevated Cyclic AMP Inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Stimulated T-cell IFN-γ Secretion Through Type I Protein Kinase A. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:1821-1831. [PMID: 29438524 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is critical in immune regulation, and its role in tuberculosis infection remains unclear. We determined the levels of cAMP in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from tuberculosis patients and the mechanisms for cAMP suppression of IFN-γ production. PBMC from tuberculosis patients contained significantly elevated cAMP than latent tuberculosis infected subjects (LTBI), with an inverse correlation with IFN-γ production. Consistent with this, the expression of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), activating transcription factor (ATF)-2 and c-Jun were reduced in tuberculosis patients compared with LTBI. PKA type I specific cAMP analogs inhibited Mtb-stimulated IFN-g production by PBMC through suppression of Mtb-induced IFN-γ promoter binding activities of CREB, ATF-2, and c-Jun and also miR155, the target miRNA of these transcription factors. Neutralizing both IL-10 and TGF-β1 or supplementation of IL-12 restored cAMP-suppressed IFN-g production. We conclude that increased cAMP inhibits IFN-g production through PKA type I pathway in tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Tae Chung
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler
| | - Virginia Pasquinelli
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Junín, Argentina
| | - Javier O Jurado
- Departamento de Química Biológica, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Xisheng Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler
| | - Na Yi
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler
| | - Peter F Barnes
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler
| | - Veronica E Garcia
- Departamento de Química Biológica, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Buka Samten
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler
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7
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Singh SK, Larsson M, Schön T, Stendahl O, Blomgran R. HIV Interferes with the Dendritic Cell-T Cell Axis of Macrophage Activation by Shifting Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific CD4 T Cells into a Dysfunctional Phenotype. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 202:816-826. [PMID: 30593540 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HIV coinfection is the greatest risk factor for transition of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection into active tuberculosis (TB). Epidemiological data reveal both the reduction and the impairment of M. tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cells, although the cellular link and actual mechanisms resulting in immune impairment/suppression need further characterization. M. tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cells play a central role in development of protective immunity against TB, in which they participate in the activation of macrophages through the dendritic cell (DC)-T cell axis. Using an in vitro priming system for generating Ag-specific T cells, we explored if HIV-M. tuberculosis-infected (coinfected) human DCs can dysregulate the M. tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cell phenotype and functionality and subsequently mediate the failure to control M. tuberculosis infection in macrophages. After coculture with coinfected DCs, M. tuberculosis Ag-specific CD4 T cells lost their ability to enhance control of M. tuberculosis infection in infected macrophages. Coinfection of DCs reduced proliferation of M. tuberculosis Ag-specific CD4 T cells without affecting their viability, led to increased expression of coinhibitory factors CTLA-4, PD-1, and Blimp-1, and decreased expression of costimulatory molecules CD40L, CD28, and ICOS on the T cells. Expression of the regulatory T cell markers FOXP3 and CD25, together with the immunosuppressive cytokines TGF-β and IL-10, was also significantly increased by coinfection compared with M. tuberculosis single infection. Our data suggest a pattern in which HIV, through its effect on DCs, impairs the ability of M. tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cells to maintain a latent TB within human macrophages, which could play an early role in the subsequent development of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita K Singh
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Larsson
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden; and
| | - Thomas Schön
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kalmar County Hospital, 391 85 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Olle Stendahl
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Robert Blomgran
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden;
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8
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Nausch N, Antwi-Berko D, Mubarik Y, Abass KM, Owusu W, Owusu-Dabo E, Debrah LB, Debrah AY, Jacobsen M, Phillips RO. Analysis of Mycobacterium ulcerans-specific T-cell cytokines for diagnosis of Buruli ulcer disease and as potential indicator for disease progression. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005415. [PMID: 28241036 PMCID: PMC5344519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buruli ulcer disease (BUD), caused by Mycobacterium (M.) ulcerans, is the third most common mycobacterial disease after tuberculosis and leprosy. BUD causes necrotic skin lesions and is a significant problem for health care in the affected countries. As for other mycobacterial infections, T cell mediated immune responses are important for protection and recovery during treatment, but detailed studies investigating these immune responses in BUD patients are scarce. In this study, we aimed to characterise M. ulcerans-specific CD4+ T cell responses in BUD patients and to analyse specific cytokine-producing T cells in the context of disease severity and progression. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS For this case-control study, whole blood samples of BUD patients (N = 36, 1.5-17 years of age) and healthy contacts (N = 22, 3-15 years of age) were stimulated with antigen prepared from M. ulcerans and CD4+ T cells were analysed for the expression of TNFα, IFNγ and CD40L by flow cytometry. The proportions and profile of cytokine producing CD4+ T cells was compared between the two study groups and correlated with disease progression and severity. Proportions of cytokine double-positive IFNγ+TNFα+, TNFα+CD40L+, IFNγ+CD40L+ (p = 0.014, p = 0.010, p = 0.002, respectively) and triple positive IFNγ+TNFα+CD40L+ (p = 0.010) producing CD4+ T cell subsets were increased in BUD patients. In addition, TNFα+CD40L-IFNγ- CD4+ T cells differed between patients and controls (p = 0.034). TNFα+CD40L-IFNγ- CD4+ T cells were correlated with lesion size (p = 0.010) and proportion were higher in 'slow' healers compared to 'fast healers' (p = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS We were able to identify M. ulcerans-specific CD4+ T cell subsets with specific cytokine profiles. In particular a CD4+ T cell subset, producing TNFα but not IFNγ and CD40L, showed association with lesion size and healing progress. Further studies are required to investigate, if the identified CD4+ T cell subset has the potential to be used as biomarker for diagnosis, severity and/or progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Nausch
- Pediatric Pneumology and Infectious Diseases Group, Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Antwi-Berko
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yusif Mubarik
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Wellington Owusu
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Global Health, School of public health, College of Health Sciences, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Linda Batsa Debrah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
- School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander Yaw Debrah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Marc Jacobsen
- Pediatric Pneumology and Infectious Diseases Group, Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard O. Phillips
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
- School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- * E-mail:
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9
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Rovetta AI, Peña D, Hernández Del Pino RE, Recalde GM, Pellegrini J, Bigi F, Musella RM, Palmero DJ, Gutierrez M, Colombo MI, García VE. IFNG-mediated immune responses enhance autophagy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in patients with active tuberculosis. Autophagy 2015; 10:2109-21. [PMID: 25426782 DOI: 10.4161/15548627.2014.981791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) requires IFNG. Besides, IFNG-mediated induction of autophagy suppresses survival of virulent Mtb in macrophage cell lines. We investigated the contribution of autophagy to the defense against Mtb antigen (Mtb-Ag) in cells from tuberculosis patients and healthy donors (HD). Patients were classified as high responders (HR) if their T cells produced significant IFNG against Mtb-Ag; and low responders (LR) when patients showed weak or no T cell responses to Mtb-Ag. The highest autophagy levels were detected in HD cells whereas the lowest quantities were observed in LR patients. Interestingly, upon Mtb-Ag stimulation, we detected a positive correlation between IFNG and MAP1LC3B-II/LC3-II levels. Actually, blockage of Mtb-Ag-induced IFNG markedly reduced autophagy in HR patients whereas addition of limited amounts of IFNG significantly increased autophagy in LR patients. Therefore, autophagy collaborates with human immune responses against Mtb in close association with specific IFNG secreted against the pathogen.
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Key Words
- AG, antigen
- ATG, autophagy-related
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GTP, guanosine triphosphate
- HD, healthy donors
- HR TB, high-responder tuberculosis patient
- IFNG
- IFNG, interferon gamma
- IL, Interleukin
- LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3
- LR TB, low-responder tuberculosis patients
- Mtb-Ag, Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- SLAM, signaling lymphocytic activation molecule
- TB, tuberculosis
- Th, T helper
- autophagy
- cytokines
- defense
- immune response
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- patients
- rIFNG, recombinant IFNG
- tuberculosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Rovetta
- a Departamento de Química Biológica; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) ; Buenos Aires , Argentina
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A Phase I Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Study of the Safety and Immunogenicity of an Adjuvanted HIV-1 Gag-Pol-Nef Fusion Protein and Adenovirus 35 Gag-RT-Int-Nef Vaccine in Healthy HIV-Uninfected African Adults. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125954. [PMID: 25961283 PMCID: PMC4427332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sequential prime-boost or co-administration of HIV vaccine candidates based on an adjuvanted clade B p24, RT, Nef, p17 fusion protein (F4/AS01) plus a non-replicating adenovirus 35 expressing clade A Gag, RT, Int and Nef (Ad35-GRIN) may lead to a unique immune profile, inducing both strong T-cell and antibody responses. Methods In a phase 1, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 146 healthy adult volunteers were randomized to one of four regimens: heterologous prime-boost with two doses of F4/AS01E or F4/AS01B followed by Ad35-GRIN; Ad35-GRIN followed by two doses of F4/AS01B; or three co-administrations of Ad35-GRIN and F4/AS01B. T cell and antibody responses were measured. Results The vaccines were generally well-tolerated, and did not cause serious adverse events. The response rate, by IFN-γ ELISPOT, was greater when Ad35-GRIN was the priming vaccine and in the co-administration groups. F4/AS01 induced CD4+ T-cells expressing primarily CD40L and IL2 +/- TNF-α, while Ad35-GRIN induced predominantly CD8+ T-cells expressing IFN-γ +/- IL2 or TNF-α. Viral inhibition was induced after Ad35-GRIN vaccination, regardless of the regimen. Strong F4-specific antibody responses were induced. Immune responses persisted at least a year after the last vaccination. The complementary response profiles, characteristic of each vaccine, were both expressed after co-administration. Conclusion Co-administration of an adjuvanted protein and an adenovirus vector showed an acceptable safety and reactogenicity profile and resulted in strong, multifunctional and complementary HIV-specific immune responses. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01264445
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11
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Hur YG, Kang YA, Jang SH, Hong JY, Kim A, Lee SA, Kim Y, Cho SN. Adjunctive biomarkers for improving diagnosis of tuberculosis and monitoring therapeutic effects. J Infect 2015; 70:346-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Clinical disease upregulates expression of CD40 and CD40 ligand on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cattle naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:1274-82. [PMID: 23761659 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00246-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CD40 and CD40 ligand (CD40L) have costimulatory effects as part of a complex series of events in host immunity. In this study, the expression of CD40 and CD40L on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from cattle with Johne's disease were measured on freshly isolated PBMCs and on cells cultured for 8, 24, and 72 h in the presence or absence of live Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and exogenous gamma interferon, interleukin 10, and transforming growth factor β. Results demonstrated greater CD40 and CD40L expression on fresh PBMCs obtained from animals in the clinical stage of disease (symptomatic) than those from healthy control animals or cows in the subclinical stage of disease (asymptomatic). A similar expression profile with greater magnitude was noted for cultured PBMCs, with increased CD40 expression after 8 and 24 h of culture and increased CD40L expression between 24 and 72 h on PBMCs obtained from clinically infected animals. The addition of live M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis to cell cultures resulted in downregulation of CD40L expression in naturally infected cows, regardless of the disease stage. In contrast, the addition of live M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis to cultures resulted in upregulation of CD40 expression on cells obtained from clinically infected animals, while a decrease in expression was noted for healthy and subclinically infected cows. No effects of exogenous cytokines on CD40 or CD40L expression were observed. These results clearly point for the first time to a disparity in the expression of these costimulatory molecules on immune cells from cattle in different stages of Johne's disease and suggest further investigation into their roles in paratuberculosis pathogenesis.
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HE ZONGLIN, DU FAWANG, DU XIANZHI. The viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra strain induces a stronger mouse macrophage response compared to the heat-inactivated H37Rv strain. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:1597-602. [PMID: 23483126 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
Some of the most successful pathogens of human, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), HIV, and Leishmania donovani not only establish chronic infections but also remain a grave global threat. These pathogens have developed innovative strategies to evade immune responses such as antigenic shift and drift, interference with antigen processing/presentation, subversion of phagocytosis, induction of immune regulatory pathways, and manipulation of the costimulatory molecules. Costimulatory molecules expressed on the surface of various cells play a decisive role in the initiation and sustenance of immunity. Exploitation of the “code of conduct” of costimulation pathways provides evolutionary incentive to the pathogens and thereby abates the functioning of the immune system. Here we review how Mtb, HIV, Leishmania sp., and other pathogens manipulate costimulatory molecules to establish chronic infection. Impairment by pathogens in the signaling events delivered by costimulatory molecules may be responsible for defective T-cell responses; consequently organisms grow unhindered in the host cells. This review summarizes the convergent devices that pathogens employ to tune and tame the immune system using costimulatory molecules. Studying host-pathogen interaction in context with costimulatory signals may unveil the molecular mechanism that will help in understanding the survival/death of the pathogens. We emphasize that the very same pathways can potentially be exploited to develop immunotherapeutic strategies to eliminate intracellular pathogens.
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15
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Leroux-Roels I, Forgus S, De Boever F, Clement F, Demoitié MA, Mettens P, Moris P, Ledent E, Leroux-Roels G, Ofori-Anyinam O. Improved CD4⁺ T cell responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in PPD-negative adults by M72/AS01 as compared to the M72/AS02 and Mtb72F/AS02 tuberculosis candidate vaccine formulations: a randomized trial. Vaccine 2012; 31:2196-206. [PMID: 22643213 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) tuberculosis (TB) vaccine provides incomplete protection, necessitating development of an effective vaccine against TB disease. The Mtb72F/AS02 candidate vaccine was previously shown to be clinically well tolerated and immunogenic in Purified Protein Derivative (PPD)-negative adults. To improve the stability of Mtb72F, a point mutation was introduced into a putative serine protease site to give the final M72 construct. AS01 is an Adjuvant System that can potentially improve both humoral and cellular immune responses compared to the AS02 Adjuvant System or unadjuvanted vaccine. This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity in Mtb-naïve adults of vaccines containing 40 μg of the M72 antigen with AS02 or AS01 and compared the results with Mtb72F/AS02 vaccine (40 μg dose), M72 in saline (40 μg dose) and AS01 alone. METHODS In this Phase I/II observer-blind controlled trial, 110 participants were randomized (4:4:1:1:1) to receive M72/AS01, M72/AS02, Mtb72F/AS02, M72/saline or AS01, following a 0, 1-month schedule. Subjects receiving the adjuvanted M72 vaccines were followed up until 3 years post vaccination. Evaluation of the immune response and safety/reactogenicity was performed. RESULTS For all vaccines, solicited adverse events (AEs) were predominantly mild to moderate and transient. No vaccine-related serious AEs occurred and no subject withdrew due to an AE. Immune responses induced by Mtb72F and M72 antigens combined with AS02 were similar. M72/AS01 and M72/AS02 induced robust polyfunctional M72-specific CD4(+) T cell and antibody responses persisting at 3 years, with the highest CD4(+) T cell responses found with M72/AS01. CONCLUSION This first clinical study with M72/AS01 and M72/AS02 showed that both vaccines were clinically well tolerated and induced high magnitude and persistent cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. The Mtb72F/AS02 and M72/AS02 vaccines were comparably immunogenic with significantly higher immune responses compared to the M72/saline control. Of the formulations tested, M72/AS01 demonstrated significantly higher vaccine specific Th1 CD4(+) T cell responses supporting its further clinical evaluation.
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Gupta V, Jaiswal A, Behera D, Prasad HK. Disparity in circulating peripheral blood dendritic cell subsets and cytokine profile of pulmonary tuberculosis patients compared with healthy family contacts. Hum Immunol 2010; 71:682-91. [PMID: 20381566 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) subsets, myeloid DCs (mDCs), and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) play a fundamental role in immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Flow-cytometric estimation of DC subsets showed differences in the ratio of these subsets in untreated, smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients compared with healthy family contacts (HFC, p < 0.05). The percentage of pDCs (0.14 +/- 0.01) was higher than mDCs (0.12 +/- 0.01) in patients, whereas in HFC, mDCs (0.15 +/- 0.01) was higher than pDCs (0.1 +/- 0.01). The percentage of mDCs (0.15 +/- 0.01) and pDCs (0.11 +/- 0.01) was restored in treated patients. Alteration in the DC subsets before and after chemotherapy was confirmed in the follow-up of acid-fast bacilli (AFB)-positive patients. This reversal in the percentage of mDC vs pDCs implicates the influence of active disease on circulating DC subsets. The cytokine bead array revealed an inverse relationship in the circulating levels of IL-12 and IFN-gamma. High IL-12 (37.9 +/- 15.2) and low IFN-gamma (11.09 +/- 3.6) was seen in HFCs derived serum samples compared with that of patients (p < 0.05). The higher percentage of mDCs and elevated IL-12 levels was found to be associated with high risk HFCs investigated. Furthermore CpG/LPS-stimulated whole-blood culture of untreated patients expressed high IFN-alpha in pDCs and less IL-12 in mDCs compared with those of treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Gupta
- TB Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Djoba Siawaya JF, Beyers N, van Helden P, Walzl G. Differential cytokine secretion and early treatment response in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 156:69-77. [PMID: 19196252 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03875.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers for treatment response would facilitate the testing of urgently needed new anti-tuberculous drugs. The present study investigated the profiles of 30 proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory and angiogenic factors [epidermal growth factor, eotaxin, fractalkine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, interferon-gamma, interferon-inducible protein-10, Krebs von den Lungen-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta, sCD40L, transforming growth factor-alpha, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor] in the plasma of 12 healthy tuberculin skin test-positive community controls and 20 human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients with active tuberculosis (TB) and identified potential biomarkers for early treatment response. We showed differences in the level of circulating cytokines between healthy controls and TB patients, but also between fast responders and slow responders to anti-tuberculosis treatment. The general discriminant analysis based on pre-treatment and week 1 measurements identified 10 sets of three-variable models that could classify fast and slow responders with up to 83% accuracy. Overall, this study shows the potential of cytokines as indicators of anti-tuberculosis treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Djoba Siawaya
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics/MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology/DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Kan-Sutton C, Jagannath C, Hunter RL. Trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate on the surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis modulates surface marker expression for antigen presentation and costimulation in murine macrophages. Microbes Infect 2008; 11:40-8. [PMID: 19007905 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM) is the most abundant lipid extracted from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). TDM promotes MTB survival by decreasing phagosomal acidification and phagolysosomal fusion in macrophages. Delipidation of MTB using petroleum ether removes TDM and decreases MTB survival within host cells. TDM reconstituted onto MTB restores its virulent wild-type characteristics. We investigated the role of TDM in regulating surface marker expression in MTB-infected macrophages. Macrophages were infected with wild-type, delipidated, and TDM-reconstituted MTB for 24h and measured for changes in surface marker expression. TDM on MTB was found to specifically target MHCII, CD1d, CD40, CD80 and CD86. Both wild-type and TDM-reconstituted MTB suppressed or induced no change in expression of these surface markers, whereas delipidated MTB increased expression of the same markers. MTB-infected macrophages were also overlaid with MHCII-restricted T cell hybridomas which recognize Antigen 85B. Macrophages infected by wild-type and TDM-reconstituted MTB did not present antigen as well as delipidated MTB-infected macrophages. The evidence shown furthers supports the notion that TDM present on MTB promotes its survival and persistence in host macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestine Kan-Sutton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas at Houston Health Science Center, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Effects of antenatal and postnatal environments on CD4 T-cell responses to Mycobacterium bovis BCG in healthy infants in the Gambia. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2008; 15:995-1002. [PMID: 18400973 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00037-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine has a poor record of efficacy in low-income tropical settings. Against this background, we evaluated the immune response of infants to mycobacterial antigens over the 2 years following BCG vaccination at birth by measuring the gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and CD154 responses of CD4 T cells. Similar numbers of cells expressed IFN-gamma in infants, 4- to 5-year-old children, and adults, while CD154 was not expressed at comparable levels until the second year of infancy. The IL-2 response remained relatively low in infants, children, and adults but correlated negatively with mother's body mass index and was highest among infants born to Mandinka mothers. Similarly, infants born in the wet season had a stronger CD154 response than those born in the dry season throughout the 2 years of the study. We conclude that the prenatal and perinatal environments have a lasting effect on the response of infants to the BCG vaccine.
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Increased synthesis of anti-tuberculous glycolipid immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA with cavity formation in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2008; 15:544-8. [PMID: 18184828 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00355-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculous glycolipid (TBGL) antigen is a cell wall component of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and has been used for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. We investigated correlations between the levels of anti-TBGL antibodies and a variety of laboratory markers that are potentially influenced by tuberculous infection. Comparisons between patients with cavitary lesions and those without cavitary lesions were also made in order to determine the mechanism underlying the immune response to TBGL. Blood samples were obtained from 91 patients with both clinically and microbiologically confirmed active pulmonary tuberculosis (60 male and 31 female; mean age, 59 +/- 22 years old). Fifty-nine patients had cavitary lesions on chest X-rays. Positive correlations were found between anti-TBGL immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (r = 0.361; P < 0.001), between anti-TBGL IgA and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) (r = 0.404; P < 0.005), between anti-TBGL IgG and anti-TBGL IgA (r = 0.551; P < 0.0000005), and between anti-TBGL IgM and serum IgM (r = 0.603; P < 0.00000005). The patients with cavitary lesions showed significantly higher levels of anti-TBGL IgG (P < 0.005), anti-TBGL IgA (P < 0.05), white blood cells (P < 0.01), neutrophils (P < 0.005), basophils (P < 0.0005), natural killer cells (P < 0.05), CRP (P < 0.0005), KL-6 (sialylated carbohydrate antigen KL-6) (P < 0.0005), IgA (P < 0.05), and sCD40L (P < 0.01). The observed positive correlations between the anti-TBGL antibody levels and inflammatory markers indicate the involvement of inflammatory cytokines and NKT cells in the immunopathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Veenstra H, Crous I, Brahmbhatt S, Lukey P, Beyers N, van Helden PD, Walzl G. Changes in the kinetics of intracellular IFN-gamma production in TB patients during treatment. Clin Immunol 2007; 124:336-44. [PMID: 17616440 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2007.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2006] [Revised: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The role of T lymphocyte cytokine responses in tuberculosis (TB) still needs clarification. This study aimed to define interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) responses longitudinally in HIV-negative TB patients during treatment, compared to those of healthy volunteers. Flow cytometric intracellular IFN-gamma determinations after CD3 stimulation were done in parallel with lymphocyte proliferation assays in response to mycobacterial antigen. Percentages of IFN-gamma-producing CD8 and CD4 T lymphocytes in patients at diagnosis were significantly higher than in controls but normalized during treatment. Additional kinetic studies suggested accelerated IFN-gamma production in patients at diagnosis, compared to controls and treated patients. Lymphocyte proliferation was below normal in patients at diagnosis and increased rapidly with decreasing bacterial load during treatment. We conclude that T cell IFN-gamma response kinetics in TB patients suggest a pre-activated state at diagnosis, which changes during treatment. At diagnosis intracellular IFN-gamma or lymphocyte proliferation was not an indicator for treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Veenstra
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology and the DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19063, 7505 Tygerberg, South Africa.
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22
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Quiroga MF, Pasquinelli V, Martínez GJ, Jurado JO, Zorrilla LC, Musella RM, Abbate E, Sieling PA, García VE. Inducible costimulator: a modulator of IFN-gamma production in human tuberculosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:5965-74. [PMID: 16670305 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.10.5965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Effective host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis requires the induction of Th1 cytokine responses. We investigated the regulated expression and functional role of the inducible costimulator (ICOS), a receptor known to regulate Th cytokine production, in the context of human tuberculosis. Patients with active disease, classified as high responder (HR) or low responder (LR) patients according to their in vitro T cell responses against the Ag, were evaluated for T cell expression of ICOS after M. tuberculosis-stimulation. We found that ICOS expression significantly correlated with IFN-gamma production by tuberculosis patients. ICOS expression levels were regulated in HR patients by Th cytokines: Th1 cytokines increased ICOS levels, whereas Th2-polarizing conditions down-regulated ICOS in these individuals. Besides, in human polarized Th cells, engagement of ICOS increased M. tuberculosis IFN-gamma production with a magnitude proportional to ICOS levels on those cells. Moreover, ICOS ligation augmented Ag-specific secretion of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma from responsive individuals. In contrast, neither Th1 nor Th2 cytokines dramatically affected ICOS levels on Ag-stimulated T cells from LR patients, and ICOS activation did not enhance IFN-gamma production. However, simultaneous activation of ICOS and CD3 slightly augmented IFN-gamma secretion by LR patients. Together, our data suggest that the regulation of ICOS expression depends primarily on the response of T cells from tuberculosis patients to the specific Ag. IFN-gamma released by M. tuberculosis-specific T cells modulates ICOS levels, and accordingly, ICOS ligation induces IFN-gamma secretion. Thus, ICOS activation may promote the induction of protective Th1 cytokine responses to intracellular bacterial pathogens.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/physiology
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Humans
- Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Intracellular Fluid/immunology
- Intracellular Fluid/metabolism
- Intracellular Fluid/microbiology
- Ligands
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/microbiology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/microbiology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Quiroga
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine, Paraguay 2155 P.12, Capital Federal, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kowalczyk D, Macura-Biegun A, Zembala M. The expression of CD40 on monocytes of children with primary humoral immunodeficiencies. Pediatr Res 2006; 59:816-9. [PMID: 16641210 DOI: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000219298.96471.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between CD40 and CD40L (CD154) are critical for effective humoral immune response. CD40 signaling facilitates T lymphocyte dependent B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin isotype switch. The objective of our study was to investigate the CD40 and CD40L expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of children with symptomatic transient hypogammaglobulinemia (THI), common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD). Additionally we studied the production of IL-12 and IL-18 by PBMC stimulated with soluble CD40L. CD40 expression was analyzed on B cells and monocytes, CD40L on activated T lymphocytes, using flow cytometry following staining of the cells with appropriate MAb. We found that CD40 expression on B cells and CD40L on activated T cells were essentially similar in the control and patient groups, while the decreased CD40 expression on monocytes was observed in THI and SIgAD patients compared with normal subjects. The most significant decrease of CD40 expression was observed in THI (37% of positive cells) in comparison with control (81% of positive cells). IL-12, but not IL-18, release by PBMC was increased in THI and CVID, but not in SIgAD. In conclusion we suggest that the decreased expression of CD40 on monocytes of children with THI and SIgAD, but not CVID, may be involved in the pathomechanism of these immunodeficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Kowalczyk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University College, 30-663 Cracow, Poland.
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de la Barrera S, Aleman M, Musella R, Schierloh P, Pasquinelli V, Garcia V, Abbate E, Sasiain MDC. IL-10 down-regulates costimulatory molecules on Mycobacterium tuberculosis-pulsed macrophages and impairs the lytic activity of CD4 and CD8 CTL in tuberculosis patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 138:128-38. [PMID: 15373915 PMCID: PMC1809183 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of T cells requires both TCR-specific ligation and costimulation through accessory molecules during T cell priming. IFNgamma is a key cytokine responsible for macrophage activation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection while IL-10 is associated with suppression of cell mediated immunity in intracellular infection. In this paper we evaluated the role of IFNgamma and IL-10 on the function of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and on the modulation of costimulatory molecules in healthy controls and patients with active tuberculosis (TB). gamma-irradiated-Mtb (i-Mtb) induced IL-10 production from CD14(+) cells from TB patients. Moreover, CD3(+) T cells of patients with advanced disease also produced IL-10 after i-Mtb stimulation. In healthy donors, IL-10 decreased the lytic activity of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells whereas it increased gammadelta-mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we found that the presence of IL-10 induced a loss of the alternative processing pathways of antigen presentation along with a down-regulation of the expression of costimulatory molecule expression on monocytes and macrophages from healthy individuals. Conversely, neutralization of endogenous IL-10 or addition of IFNgamma to either effector or target cells from TB patients induced a strong lytic activity mediated by CD8(+) CTL together with an up-regulation of CD54 and CD86 expression on target cells. Moreover, we observed that macrophages from TB patients could use alternative pathways for i-Mtb presentation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the presence of IL-10 during Mtb infection might contribute to mycobacteria persistence inside host macrophages through a mechanism that involved inhibition of MHC-restricted cytotoxicity against infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- S de la Barrera
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Shams H, Klucar P, Weis SE, Lalvani A, Moonan PK, Safi H, Wizel B, Ewer K, Nepom GT, Lewinsohn DM, Andersen P, Barnes PF. Characterization of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis peptide that is recognized by human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the context of multiple HLA alleles. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:1966-77. [PMID: 15265931 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.3.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The secreted Mycobacterium tuberculosis 10-kDa culture filtrate protein (CFP)10 is a potent T cell Ag that is recognized by a high percentage of persons infected with M. tuberculosis. We determined the molecular basis for this widespread recognition by identifying and characterizing a 15-mer peptide, CFP10(71-85), that elicited IFN-gamma production and CTL activity by both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from persons expressing multiple MHC class II and class I molecules, respectively. CFP10(71-85) contained at least two epitopes, one of 10 aa (peptide T1) and another of 9 aa (peptide T6). T1 was recognized by CD4(+) cells in the context of DRB1*04, DR5*0101, and DQB1*03, and by CD8(+) cells of A2(+) donors. T6 elicited responses by CD4(+) cells in the context of DRB1*04 and DQB1*03, and by CD8(+) cells of B35(+) donors. Deleting a single amino acid from the amino or carboxy terminus of either peptide markedly reduced IFN-gamma production, suggesting that they are minimal epitopes for both CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells. As far as we are aware, these are the shortest microbial peptides that have been found to elicit responses by both T cell subpopulations. The capacity of CFP10(71-85) to stimulate IFN-gamma production and CTL activity by CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells from persons expressing a spectrum of MHC molecules suggests that this peptide is an excellent candidate for inclusion in a subunit antituberculosis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homayoun Shams
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, and Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA.
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26
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Flórido M, Gonçalves AS, Gomes MS, Appelberg R. CD40 is required for the optimal induction of protective immunity to Mycobacterium avium. Immunology 2004; 111:323-7. [PMID: 15009433 PMCID: PMC1782428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.01812.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
C57Bl/6 mice and mice deficient in the CD40 molecule were infected with three strains of Mycobacterium avium. Two of the M. avium strains proliferated more extensively in CD40-deficient (CD40-/-) mice than in control mice. The increased susceptibility to infection of CD40-/- mice was associated with the generation of poorer interleukin-12 (IL-12) p40 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) responses as compared to the controls, suggesting a role for CD40 in the development of protective immunity. In contrast, direct triggering of CD40 on infected macrophages failed to induce any anti-mycobacterial activity in infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Flórido
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology of Infection, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
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27
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Pasquinelli V, Quiroga MF, Martínez GJ, Zorrilla LC, Musella RM, Bracco MM, Belmonte L, Malbrán A, Fainboim L, Sieling PA, García VE. Expression of signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-associated protein interrupts IFN-gamma production in human tuberculosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:1177-85. [PMID: 14707094 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.2.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Production of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma by T cells is considered crucial for immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. We evaluated IFN-gamma production in tuberculosis in the context of signaling molecules known to regulate Th1 cytokines. Two populations of patients who have active tuberculosis were identified, based on their T cell responses to the bacterium. High responder tuberculosis patients displayed significant M. tuberculosis-dependent T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production, whereas low responder tuberculosis patients displayed weak or no T cell responses to M. tuberculosis. The expression of the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein (SAP) on cells from tuberculosis patients was inversely correlated with IFN-gamma production in those individuals. Moreover, patients with a nonfunctional SAP gene displayed immune responses to M. tuberculosis similar to those of high responder tuberculosis patients. In contrast to SAP, T cell expression of SLAM was directly correlated with responsiveness to M. tuberculosis Ag. Our data suggest that expression of SAP interferes with Th1 responses whereas SLAM expression contributes to Th1 cytokine responses in tuberculosis. The study further suggests that SAP and SLAM might be focal points for therapeutic modulation of T cell cytokine responses in tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Pasquinelli
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine, Paraguay 2155 12th Floor, Capital Federal, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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28
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Campbell SJ, Sabeti P, Fielding K, Sillah J, Bah B, Gustafson P, Manneh K, Lisse I, Sirugo G, Bellamy R, Bennett S, Aaby P, McAdam KPWJ, Bah-Sow O, Lienhardt C, Hill AVS. Variants of the CD40 ligand gene are not associated with increased susceptibility to tuberculosis in West Africa. Immunogenetics 2003; 55:502-7. [PMID: 12955358 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-003-0602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2003] [Revised: 07/31/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for linkage between tuberculosis and human chromosomal region Xq26 has previously been described. The costimulatory molecule CD40 ligand, encoded by TNFSF5 and located at Xq26.3, is a promising positional candidate. Interactions between CD40 ligand and CD40 are involved in the development of humoral- and cell-mediated immunity, as well as the activation of macrophages, which are the primary host and effector cells for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We hypothesised that common variation within TNFSF5 might affect susceptibility to tuberculosis disease and, thus, might be responsible for the observed linkage to Xq26. Sequencing 32 chromosomes from a Gambian population identified nine common polymorphisms within the coding, 3' and 5' regulatory sequences of the gene. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a 3' microsatellite were genotyped in 121 tuberculosis patients and their available parents. No association with tuberculosis was detected for these variants using a transmission disequilibrium test, although one SNP at -726 showed some evidence of association in males. This finding, however, did not replicate in a separate case control study of over 1,200 West African individuals. We conclude that common genetic variation in TNFSF5 is not likely to affect tuberculosis susceptibility in West Africa and the linkage observed in this region is not due to variation in TNFSF5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Campbell
- The Henry Wellcome Building of Genomic Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
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29
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Samten B, Wizel B, Shams H, Weis SE, Klucar P, Wu S, Vankayalapati R, Thomas EK, Okada S, Krensky AM, Barnes PF. CD40 ligand trimer enhances the response of CD8+ T cells to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 170:3180-6. [PMID: 12626576 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.6.3180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of recombinant CD40 ligand trimer (CD40LT) on the functional capacity of peripheral blood CD8(+) T cells from healthy tuberculin reactors that were cultured with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected autologous monocytes. CD40LT enhanced the capacity of M. tuberculosis-responsive CD8(+) T cells to produce IFN-gamma by increasing the number of IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells and the amount of IFN-gamma produced per cell. CD40LT-induced IFN-gamma production was dependent on production of IL-12 and IL-18, but did not require IL-15. CD40LT up-regulated expression of the transcription factors phosphorylated CREB and c-Jun, both of which have been previously shown to stimulate IFN-gamma mRNA transcription by binding to the IFN-gamma promoter. CD40LT also enhanced the capacity of CD8(+) T cells to lyse M. tuberculosis-infected monocytes, and increased CTL activity was associated with higher expression of perforin and granulysin, but not of Fas ligand. We conclude that CD40LT can enhance CD8(+) T cell effector function in response to M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buka Samten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
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30
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Abstract
M avium is a microorganism well adapted to living in the environment and in different hosts. During the past 15 years, a substantial amount of information has been accumulated about the mechanisms used by M avium to cross the host's mucosal barrier, replicate inside cells, circumvent the host's immune response, and persist inside the host. It turns out that M avium is a fascinating pathogen after all. The increasing knowledge about M avium pathogenesis may one day provide means for a more effective prophylaxis as well as for treatment of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery McGarvey
- Kuzell Institute, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, 2200 Webster Street, Suite 305, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
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31
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Lammas DA, De Heer E, Edgar JD, Novelli V, Ben-Smith A, Baretto R, Drysdale P, Binch J, MacLennan C, Kumararatne DS, Panchalingam S, Ottenhoff THM, Casanova JL, Emile JF. Heterogeneity in the granulomatous response to mycobacterial infection in patients with defined genetic mutations in the interleukin 12-dependent interferon-gamma production pathway. Int J Exp Pathol 2002; 83:1-20. [PMID: 12059906 PMCID: PMC2517664 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2613.2002.00216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2001] [Accepted: 11/19/2001] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with genetic lesions in the Type-1 cytokine/cytokine receptor pathway exhibit a selective susceptibility to severe infections with poorly pathogenic mycobacteria and non-typhi salmonella spp. These experiments of nature demonstrate that IL-12-dependent IFNgamma production is critical for granuloma formation and therefore host immunity against such pathogens. The essential role of granuloma formation for protective immunity to these organisms is emphasized by the differing granuloma forming capabilities and resultant clinical sequelae observed in these patients which seems to reflect their ability to produce or respond to IFNgamma (Fig. 9). At one pole of this spectrum, represented by the complete IFNgammaR1/2 deficient patients, there is a complete absence of mature granuloma formation, whereas with the less severe mutations (i.e. partial IFNgammaR1/2, complete IL-12p40 and complete IL-12Rbeta1 deficiency), granuloma formation is very heterogenous with wide variations in composition being observed. This suggests that in the latter individuals, who produce partial but suboptimal IFNgamma responses, other influences, including pathogen virulence and host genotype may also affect the type and scale of the cellular response elicited.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Lammas
- M.R.C. Center for Immune Regulation, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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32
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Hogan LH, Macvilay K, Barger B, Co D, Malkovska I, Fennelly G, Sandor M. Mycobacterium bovis strain bacillus Calmette-Guérin-induced liver granulomas contain a diverse TCR repertoire, but a monoclonal T cell population is sufficient for protective granuloma formation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:6367-75. [PMID: 11342661 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.10.6367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Granuloma formation is a form of delayed-type hypersensitivity requiring CD4(+) T cells. Granulomas control the growth and dissemination of pathogens, preventing host inflammation from harming surrounding tissues. Using a murine model of Mycobacterium bovis strain bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection we studied the extent of T cell heterogeneity present in liver granulomas. We demonstrate that the TCR repertoire of granuloma-infiltrating T cells is very diverse even at the single-granuloma level, suggesting that before granuloma closure, a large number of different T cells are recruited to the lesion. At the same time, the TCR repertoire is selected, because AND TCR transgenic T cells (Valpha11/Vbeta3 anti-pigeon cytochrome c) are preferentially excluded from granulomas of BCG-infected AND mice, and cells expressing secondary endemic Vbeta-chains are enriched among AND cells homing to granulomas. Next, we addressed whether TCR heterogeneity is required for effective granuloma formation. We infected 5CC7/recombinase-activating gene 2(-/-) mice with recombinant BCG that express pigeon cytochrome c peptide in a mycobacterial 19-kDa bacterial surface lipoprotein. A CD4(+) T cell with a single specificity in the absence of CD8(+) T cells is sufficient to form granulomas and adequately control bacteria. Our study shows that expanded monoclonal T cell populations can be protective in mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Hogan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Hogan LH, Markofski W, Bock A, Barger B, Morrissey JD, Sandor M. Mycobacterium bovis BCG-induced granuloma formation depends on gamma interferon and CD40 ligand but does not require CD28. Infect Immun 2001; 69:2596-603. [PMID: 11254624 PMCID: PMC98196 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.4.2596-2603.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive granuloma formation is a hallmark of chronic mycobacterial infection. Granulomas are localized, protective inflammatory reactions initiated by CD4+ T cells, which contribute to control of bacterial growth and blockade of bacterial dissemination. In order to understand the costimulatory requirements that allow CD4+ T cells to directly or indirectly induce granulomas, we studied granuloma formation after 6 weeks in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-infected CD28- and CD40 ligand (CD40L)-deficient mice and compared it to granuloma formation in infected wild-type inbred mice and infected cytokine-deficient mice. We characterized granulomas morphologically in liver sections, analyzed granuloma infiltrating cells by flow cytometry, and measured cytokine production by cultured granuloma cells. CD28-deficient mice have no defect at the local inflammatory site, inasmuch as they form protective granulomas and control bacterial growth. However, there are fewer activated T cells in the spleen compared to infected wild-type animals, and quantitative differences in the cellular composition of the granuloma are observed by flow cytometry. In CD40L-deficient mice, the granuloma phenotype is very similar to the phenotype in gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-deficient mice. Both IFN-gamma-deficient and CD40L-deficient mice form granulomas which prevent bacterial dissemination, but control of bacterial growth is significantly impaired. The relative proportion of CD4+ T cells in granulomas from both CD28(-/-) and CD40L(-/-) mice is significantly decreased compared with wild-type animals. Both models demonstrate that the phenotype and activation stage of systemic T cells do not always correlate with the phenotype and activation stage of the localized granulomatous response.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Hogan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Gonzalez-Juarrero M, Orme IM. Characterization of murine lung dendritic cells infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Immun 2001; 69:1127-33. [PMID: 11160010 PMCID: PMC97994 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.2.1127-1133.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung dendritic cells were identified by immunohistochemistry in lung tissue sections from C57BL/6 mice. Following isolation from the lungs using CD11c magnetic beads, the flow cytometric analysis of I-A(b+) and CD11c(+) cells indicated a mixed population of dendritic cells at different stages of maturation, with most expressing an immature phenotype. When cultured for 7 days with recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, 99% of cells were CD11c(+) and had a morphology typical of immature dendritic cells. These cells were negative for CD34, CD14, and CD8 alpha antigens but expressed low levels of the myeloid marker F4/80 and moderate levels of MAC3. All expressed high levels of CD11a (LFA-1), CD11b (Mac1), and CD54 antigens, with low levels of class II major histocompatibility complex. Most cells expressed CD80 but only a small percentage of cells were positive for CD40 and CD86. Both overnight and 7-day cultures of lung dendritic cells were able to phagocytose Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and this was associated with the production of interleukin-12 and stimulation of both naïve and immune T cells to produce gamma interferon.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gonzalez-Juarrero
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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