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Mızrak M, Sarzhanov F, Demirel F, Dinç B, Filik L, Dogruman-Al F. Detection of Blastocystis sp. and Dientamoeba fragilis using conventional and molecular methods in patients with celiac disease. Parasitol Int 2024; 101:102888. [PMID: 38499283 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2024.102888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. and Dientamoeba fragilis are intestinal protists, which are common worldwide, but the pathogenic role of these organisms in gastrointestinal diseases is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis in stool samples from adult patients with celiac disease (CD) by using conventional and molecular methods. A total of 75 patients with CD and 75 healthy individuals were included in this study. Fresh stool specimens collected from each individual were analyzed by conventional and molecular methods. The overall prevalence of Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis was 41.3% (31/75) and 24% (18/75) in patients with CD, and 46.7% (35/75) and 13.3% (10/75) in healthy controls, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis between CD patients and healthy individuals. Blastocystis sp. subtypes were identified in 20 CD and 16 control patients and the overall subtype distribution was observed as ST1 13.9%, ST2 30.6%, and ST3 55.6%. The prevalence of Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis in adults with CD is similar to the prevalence of protozoa in healthy adults. In this study, the most prevalent Blastocystis subtype was ST3 and the most frequent allele was a34 in both CD patients and healthy individuals. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of the detection rates of Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis, and it is thought that both protists may be colonisers of the intestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffer Mızrak
- Yozgat City Hospital, Department of Microbiology, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Fakhriddin Sarzhanov
- Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Faculty of Medicine, Turkistan, Kazakhstan
| | - Filiz Demirel
- Health Science University, Ankara City Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Bedia Dinç
- Health Science University, Ankara City Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Levent Filik
- Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Funda Dogruman-Al
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Medical Parasitology, Ankara, Turkey
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Boutahar M, Belaouni M, Ibrahimi A, Eljaoudi R, Aanniz T, Er-Rami M, Köster PC, Dashti A, Carmena D. Unveiling Blastocystis epidemiology in Morocco: subtype diversity among clinical patients with and without gastrointestinal manifestations in the Meknes region. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:273. [PMID: 39017986 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08288-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Blastocystis is an intestinal protist frequently identified in humans and other animals, though its clinical significance remains controversial. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of Blastocystis in faecal samples from symptomatic (n = 55) and asymptomatic (n = 50) individuals seeking medical care in Meknes, Morocco. Detection of the protist was accomplished through coproparasitological examination and culture in Jones medium. Culture-positive samples were subjected to molecular analyses (PCR and Sanger sequencing) based on sequences of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Epidemiological questionnaires on demographics and potential risk factors were collected from participating patients. The overall Blastocystis infection rate was 51.4% (54/105), with no differences between symptomatic (52.7%, 29/55) and asymptomatic (50.0%, 25/50) individuals. Sequence analyses identified three Blastocystis subtypes, with ST3 being the most prevalent (42.0%), followed by ST1 (34.0%), and ST2 (12.0%). Regarding intra-subtype diversity, allele 4 was found within ST1; alleles 11/12 and alleles 34/36 (alone or in combination) were identified within ST2 and ST3 respectively. Allele 34 in ST3 (40.8%) and allele 4 in ST1 (34.7%) were the most common genetic variants circulating in the surveyed clinical population. A statistically significant association between ST2 and the presence of flatulence was observed. This is the first study assessing the epidemiology and genetic diversity of Blastocystis sp. in the Meknes region, Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Boutahar
- Human Pathology, Biomedicine and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology of Fez, B.P. 2202 - Route d'Imouzzer, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Mourad Belaouni
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Moulay Ismaïl Military Hospital, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Azeddine Ibrahimi
- Biotechnology Lab (MedBiotech), Bioinova Research Center, Rabat Medical & Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 10100, Rabat, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Center for Research & Innovation (CM6), 10000, Rabat, Morocco
- Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, 20000, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Rachid Eljaoudi
- Biotechnology Lab (MedBiotech), Bioinova Research Center, Rabat Medical & Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 10100, Rabat, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Center for Research & Innovation (CM6), 10000, Rabat, Morocco
- Emergency Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Tarik Aanniz
- Biotechnology Lab (MedBiotech), Bioinova Research Center, Rabat Medical & Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 10100, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Er-Rami
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Moulay Ismaïl Military Hospital, Meknes, Morocco
- Human Pathology, Biomedicine and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Fez, Morocco
| | - Pamela C Köster
- Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X El Sabio University (UAX), Villanueva de La Cañada, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Alfonso X El Sabio University (UAX), Villanueva de La Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Dashti
- Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Carmena
- Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
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Jinatham V, Yowang A, Stensvold CR, Michalopoulou E, Vichasilp T, Suwannahitatorn P, Popluechai S, Tsaousis AD, Gentekaki E. Blastocystis colonization and associations with population parameters in Thai adults. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012292. [PMID: 38980911 PMCID: PMC11259296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blastocystis is a unicellular eukaryote commonly found in the intestinal tract of humans and other animals. The prevalence of Blastocystis has been investigated in both developed and developing countries, yet its occurrence and distribution in rural locations has been less studied. Herein, we aimed to examine the distribution of Blastocystis colonization in Thai adults representing background populations along a rural/peri-urban gradient, as well as associations between colonization and personal characteristics. METHODOLOGY A total of 238 participants were recruited from rural and peri-urban areas situated in three provinces. The presence of Blastocystis in feces was evaluated using PCR and qPCR. Information on gender, age, region (province), rural/peri-urban location, and body mass index (BMI) was collected. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The overall rate of Blastocystis carriage was 67.2%. Univariate analysis revealed significant associations between Blastocystis carriage and region (p<0.05), location (p<0.001) and age group (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that rural/peri-urban location and BMI were significantly associated with Blastocystis carriage. Nine subtypes (ST1-ST7, ST10 and ST23) were identified with ST3, ST7 and ST1 as the most abundant ones, in this order. The greatest diversity of subtypes, in terms of numbers, was found in the middle aged group (nine subtypes), while the least diversity was found in the young adult and obese (three subtypes each) groups. CONCLUSIONS This study increases the understanding of the epidemiology of Blastocystis colonization and its association with population parameters and characteristics in middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasana Jinatham
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Amara Yowang
- Regional Medical Sciences Center 1/1 Chiang Rai, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | | | - Eleni Michalopoulou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nicosia School of Veterinary Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Siam Popluechai
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Anastasios D. Tsaousis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Gentekaki
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nicosia School of Veterinary Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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Naguib D, Gantois N, Desramaut J, Dominguez RG, Arafat N, Atwa SM, Even G, Devos DP, Certad G, Chabé M, Viscogliosi E. Large-Scale Molecular Epidemiological Survey of Blastocystis sp. among Herbivores in Egypt and Assessment of Potential Zoonotic Risk. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1286. [PMID: 39065057 PMCID: PMC11278737 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the proven zoonotic potential of the intestinal protozoan Blastocystis sp., a fast-growing number of surveys are being conducted to identify potential animal reservoirs for transmission of the parasite. Nevertheless, few epidemiological studies have been conducted on farmed animals in Egypt. Therefore, a total of 1089 fecal samples were collected from herbivores (sheep, goats, camels, horses, and rabbits) in six Egyptian governorates (Dakahlia, Gharbia, Kafr El Sheikh, Giza, Aswan, and Sharqia). Samples were screened for the presence of Blastocystis sp. by real-time PCR followed by sequencing of positive PCR products and phylogenetic analysis for subtyping of the isolates. Overall, Blastocystis sp. was identified in 37.6% of the samples, with significant differences in frequency between animal groups (sheep, 65.5%; camels, 62.2%; goats, 36.0%; rabbits, 10.1%; horses, 3.3%). Mixed infections were reported in 35.7% of the Blastocystis sp.-positive samples. A wide range of subtypes (STs) with varying frequency were identified from single infections in ruminants including sheep (ST1-ST3, ST5, ST10, ST14, ST21, ST24, ST26, and ST40), goats (ST1, ST3, ST5, ST10, ST26, ST40, ST43, and ST44), and camels (ST3, ST10, ST21, ST24-ST26, ST30, and ST44). Most of them overlapped across these animal groups, highlighting their adaptation to ruminant hosts. In other herbivores, only three and two STs were evidenced in rabbits (ST1-ST3) and horses (ST3 and ST44), respectively. The greater occurrence and wider genetic diversity of parasite isolates among ruminants, in contrast to other herbivores, strongly suggested that dietary habits likely played a significant role in influencing both the colonization rates of Blastocystis sp. and ST preference. Of all the isolates subtyped herein, 66.3% were reported as potentially zoonotic, emphasizing the significant role these animal groups may play in transmitting the parasite to humans. These findings also expand our knowledge on the prevalence, genetic diversity, host specificity, and zoonotic potential of Blastocystis sp. in herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Naguib
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (D.N.); (N.G.); (J.D.); (D.P.D.); (G.C.); (M.C.)
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nausicaa Gantois
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (D.N.); (N.G.); (J.D.); (D.P.D.); (G.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Jeremy Desramaut
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (D.N.); (N.G.); (J.D.); (D.P.D.); (G.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Ruben Garcia Dominguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Nagah Arafat
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Samar Magdy Atwa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid P.O. Box 3030, Jordan
| | - Gaël Even
- GD Biotech—Gènes Diffusion, F-59000 Lille, France;
- PEGASE-Biosciences (Plateforme d’Expertises Génomiques Appliquées aux Sciences Expérimentales), Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Damien Paul Devos
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (D.N.); (N.G.); (J.D.); (D.P.D.); (G.C.); (M.C.)
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Gabriela Certad
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (D.N.); (N.G.); (J.D.); (D.P.D.); (G.C.); (M.C.)
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l’Innovation, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l’Institut Catholique de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Magali Chabé
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (D.N.); (N.G.); (J.D.); (D.P.D.); (G.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Eric Viscogliosi
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (D.N.); (N.G.); (J.D.); (D.P.D.); (G.C.); (M.C.)
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Guilane A, Haleche I, Tazerouti F, Ziam H, Kernif T, Boutellis A. New Haplotypes of Blastocystis sp. Identified in Faeces from Various Animal Groups in Algeria. Acta Parasitol 2024:10.1007/s11686-024-00857-4. [PMID: 38829474 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Blastocystis sp. is a single-celled, anaerobic, parasitic protozoan commonly found in the intestinal tract of animals and humans globally. Genetic analysis has revealed significant diversity within its species, leading to the identification of at least 40 subtypes (ST1-ST40). This study aimed to identify and differentiate Blastocystis in faeces samples from various animal hosts in Algeria. METHODS A total of 403 fecal samples, collected from both domestic and zoo animals, were subjected to PCR amplification and sequencing of Blastocystis-specific small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU-RNA) gene. RESULTS The overall prevalence of Blastocystis in animals was found to be 38.9%. Through comprehensive phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses, we identified four distinct subtypes (ST1 in both domestic and zoo animals, and ST3, ST4, and ST5 exclusively in zoo animals), encompassing nine different haplotypes, including five that appear original to Algeria. CONCLUSION This study represents the first epidemiological molecular investigation of Blastocystis sp. in animals in Algeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Guilane
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment: Interactions, Genome, Biology Faculty, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
- Laboratory of Parasitic Eco-Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Dely-Brahim, 16000, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Ikram Haleche
- Laboratory of Parasitic Eco-Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Dely-Brahim, 16000, Algiers, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment and Health, University of Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Fadila Tazerouti
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment: Interactions, Genome, Biology Faculty, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hocine Ziam
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment and Health, University of Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Tahar Kernif
- Laboratory of Parasitic Eco-Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Dely-Brahim, 16000, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Amina Boutellis
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment: Interactions, Genome, Biology Faculty, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria.
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Matovelle C, Quílez J, Tejedor MT, Beltrán A, Chueca P, Monteagudo LV. Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis spp. in Patients with Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Northern Spain. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1084. [PMID: 38930466 PMCID: PMC11205523 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Limited molecular data exist on the prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis spp., the most prevalent parasite in human and animal feces worldwide. A total of 44 different subtypes (STs) of Blastocystis are currently recognized based on the sequence of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU-rRNA) gene. This is a molecular study of Blastocystis spp. in hospitalized patients with gastrointestinal symptoms in northern Spain. We analyzed 173 Blastocystis-positive patients with gastrointestinal symptoms by using nested PCR for molecular detection, subtype identification, phylogenetic analyses, and genetic diversity assessment. ST2 (34.1%) and ST3 (34.7%) predominated, followed by ST1 (15.6%) and ST4 (15.6%). Mixed infections with different subtypes were observed in some patients. Sequence analysis revealed for the first time in European humans the allele 88 (a variant of ST1). In other cases, alleles commonly found in animal samples were detected (allele 9 in ST2, allele 34 in ST3, and allele 42 in ST4). Phylogenetic analysis showed high variability in ST1 and ST2, suggesting a polyphyletic origin, while both ST3 and ST4 exhibited higher genetic homogeneity, indicating a possible monophyletic origin and recent transmission to humans. These data confirm Blastocystis spp. subtype diversity and may help in understanding the evolutionary processes and potential zoonotic transmission of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Matovelle
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Environmental Sciences Institute (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Joaquín Quílez
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Teresa Tejedor
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.T.T.); (P.C.)
- Aragon Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Beltrán
- Environmental Sciences Institute (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Service of Microbiology and Parasitology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Patricia Chueca
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.T.T.); (P.C.)
| | - Luis Vicente Monteagudo
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.T.T.); (P.C.)
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Haleche I, Guilane A, Boutellis A, Medrouh B, Saidi F, Kernif T, Ziam H. Microscopic and molecular prevalence and associated risk factors with Toxocara and Blastocystis infection in dogs and cats in Mitidja, Algeria. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:216. [PMID: 38771352 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Domestic dogs and cats can serve as a source of environmental contamination with Toxocara spp. and Blastocystis spp., and this represents a neglected public and veterinary health problem. We assessed the microscopic and molecular prevalence of these species in a locality in Algeria and identified the associated risk factors. The faeces of 225 dogs and 78 cats were collected in Mitidja between March and July 2022. The samples were analysed by coproscopy and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) and Small Subunit Ribosomal (SSU-RNA) of T. canis and Blastocystis spp. respectively. The overall microscopic prevalence of Toxocara spp. in dogs and cats was 9.78 ± 1.98% and 12.82 ± 7.42%, respectively. The rate of Blastocystis spp. was 15.11 ± 2.39% and 15.38 ± 4.08% in dogs and cats, respectively while the molecular prevalence of T. canis in dogs was 4.89 ± 1.44% and in cats 1.28 ± 1.27%; the prevalence of Blastocystis spp. was 41.78 ± 3.29% and 34.62 ± 5.39% in dogs and cats, respectively. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses identified the presence of the H1 subtype of T. canis in dogs, and the ST1 subtype of Blastocystis in dogs and cats. Dogs with clinical signs were more likely to be infected with T. canis (OR 6.039, P < 0.05) than healthy dogs. This study demonstrates that dogs and cats are carriers of Toxocara spp. and Blastocystis spp. and are therefore a source of environmental contamination. Veterinarians and human health professionals should work together to implement control strategies as part of a "One Health" approach to improving animal health and reducing the risk of transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Haleche
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment and Health, University of Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
- Laboratory of Parasitic Eco-epidemiology and Population Genetics, Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Dely Brahim, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Asma Guilane
- Laboratory of Parasitic Eco-epidemiology and Population Genetics, Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Dely Brahim, Algiers, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Environnement: Interaction, Génome, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Alger, Algeria
| | - Amina Boutellis
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Environnement: Interaction, Génome, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Alger, Algeria
| | - Bachir Medrouh
- Center of Research in Agro-Pastoralism, 17000, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Fairouz Saidi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment and Health, University of Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Tahar Kernif
- Laboratory of Parasitic Eco-epidemiology and Population Genetics, Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Dely Brahim, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hocine Ziam
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment and Health, University of Blida 1, Blida, Algeria.
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Ryckman M, Gantois N, Dominguez RG, Desramaut J, Li LL, Even G, Audebert C, Devos DP, Chabé M, Certad G, Monchy S, Viscogliosi E. Molecular Identification and Subtype Analysis of Blastocystis sp. Isolates from Wild Mussels ( Mytilus edulis) in Northern France. Microorganisms 2024; 12:710. [PMID: 38674653 PMCID: PMC11051716 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is the most common single-celled eukaryote colonizing the human gastrointestinal tract worldwide. Because of the proven zoonotic potential of this protozoan, sustained research is therefore focused on identifying various reservoirs of transmission to humans, and in particular animal sources. Numerous groups of animals are considered to be such reservoirs due to their handling or consumption. However, some of them, including mollusks, remain underexplored. Therefore, a molecular epidemiological survey conducted in wild mussels was carried out in Northern France (Hauts-de-France region) to evaluate the frequency and subtypes (STs) distribution of Blastocystis sp. in these bivalve mollusks. For this purpose, 100 mussels (Mytilus edulis) were randomly collected in two sampling sites (Wimereux and Dannes) located in the vicinity of Boulogne-sur-Mer. The gills and gastrointestinal tract of each mussel were screened for the presence of Blastocystis sp. by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay followed by direct sequencing of positive PCR products and subtyping through phylogenetic analysis. In parallel, sequences of potential representative Blastocystis sp. isolates that were previously obtained from temporal surveys of seawater samples at marine stations offshore of Wimereux were integrated in the present analysis. By taking into account the qPCR results from all mussels, the overall prevalence of the parasite was shown to reach 62.0%. In total, more than 55% of the positive samples presented mixed infections. In the remaining mussel samples with a single sequence, various STs including ST3, ST7, ST14, ST23, ST26 and ST44 were reported with varying frequencies. Such distribution of STs coupled with the absence of a predominant ST specific to these bivalves strongly suggested that mussels might not be natural hosts of Blastocystis sp. and might rather be carriers of parasite isolates from both human and animal (bovid and birds) waste. These data from mussels together with the molecular identification of isolates from marine stations were subsequently discussed along with the local geographical context in order to clarify the circulation of this protozoan in this area. The identification of human and animal STs of Blastocystis sp. in mussels emphasized the active circulation of this protozoan in mollusks and suggested a significant environmental contamination of fecal origin. This study has provided new insights into the host/carrier range and transmission of Blastocystis sp. and emphasized its potential as an effective sentinel species for water quality and environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Ryckman
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.R.); (N.G.); (J.D.); (D.P.D.); (M.C.); (G.C.)
- Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, CNRS, University Lille, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930 Wimereux, France; (L.-L.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Nausicaa Gantois
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.R.); (N.G.); (J.D.); (D.P.D.); (M.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Ruben Garcia Dominguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Jeremy Desramaut
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.R.); (N.G.); (J.D.); (D.P.D.); (M.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Luen-Luen Li
- Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, CNRS, University Lille, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930 Wimereux, France; (L.-L.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Gaël Even
- GD Biotech—Gènes Diffusion, F-59000 Lille, France; (G.E.); (C.A.)
- PEGASE-Biosciences (Plateforme d’Expertises Génomiques Appliquées aux Sciences Expérimentales), Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Audebert
- GD Biotech—Gènes Diffusion, F-59000 Lille, France; (G.E.); (C.A.)
- PEGASE-Biosciences (Plateforme d’Expertises Génomiques Appliquées aux Sciences Expérimentales), Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Damien Paul Devos
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.R.); (N.G.); (J.D.); (D.P.D.); (M.C.); (G.C.)
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Magali Chabé
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.R.); (N.G.); (J.D.); (D.P.D.); (M.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Gabriela Certad
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.R.); (N.G.); (J.D.); (D.P.D.); (M.C.); (G.C.)
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l’Innovation, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l’Institut Catholique de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Monchy
- Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, CNRS, University Lille, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930 Wimereux, France; (L.-L.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Eric Viscogliosi
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.R.); (N.G.); (J.D.); (D.P.D.); (M.C.); (G.C.)
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Santin M, Figueiredo A, Molokin A, George NS, Köster PC, Dashti A, González-Barrio D, Carmena D, Maloney JG. Division of Blastocystis ST10 into three new subtypes: ST42-ST44. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2024; 71:e12998. [PMID: 37658622 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The Blastocystis subtype ST10 has been recognized to contain a great deal of diversity at the sequence level, potentially indicating the presence of multiple new STs within the clade. However, the data needed to validate these new STs were not available. To help resolve this diversity, full-length small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene reference sequences were generated using Oxford Nanopore MinION long-read sequencing from 21 samples representing multiple domestic and wild hosts and geographic regions and covering the sequence diversity previously described using fragments of the SSU rRNA gene. Phylogenetic and pairwise distance analyses were used to compare full-length sequences of the SSU rRNA gene generated in this study with all other valid STs of Blastocystis. We present data supporting the division of ST10/ST23 cluster into five subtypes, ST10, ST23, and three new subtypes with the proposed ST designations of ST42, ST43, and ST44. As the host range of Blastocystis continues to expand with new subtypes and new hosts being frequently identified, the reference sequences provided in this study will assist in accurate sequence classification and help to clarify the epidemiology of this common intestinal microeukaryote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Santin
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Ana Figueiredo
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Bioscience, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleksey Molokin
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Nadja S George
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Pamela C Köster
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Dashti
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - David González-Barrio
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Carmena
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jenny G Maloney
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
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Naguib D, Gantois N, Desramaut J, Arafat N, Mandour M, Abdelmaogood AKK, Mosa AF, Denoyelle C, Even G, Certad G, Chabé M, Viscogliosi E. Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of the Enteric Protozoan Parasite Blastocystis sp. in the Northern Egypt Population. Pathogens 2023; 12:1359. [PMID: 38003823 PMCID: PMC10674599 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is currently reported as the most frequent single-celled eukaryote inhabiting the intestinal tract of humans and a wide range of animal groups. Its prevalence is especially higher in developing countries linked with fecal peril. Despite a growing interest in this enteric protozoan, certain geographical regions potentially at high risk of infection, such as North Africa, remain under-investigated. Therefore, a large-scale molecular epidemiological survey, including 825 participants presenting digestive disorders or not, was conducted in five governorates located in Northern Egypt. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was performed to identify the parasite in stool samples, followed by direct sequencing of the positive PCR products for subtyping and genotyping of the corresponding isolates. The overall prevalence was shown to reach 72.4% in the Egyptian cohort, coupled with a variable frequency depending on the governorate (41.3 to 100%). Among the 597 positive participants, a large proportion of them (39.4%) presented mixed infections, as determined by sequencing. The remaining individuals with single infection were predominantly colonized by subtype 3 (ST3) (48.3%) followed by ST1 (39.5%), ST2 (10.8%), ST14 (1.1%), and ST10 (0.3%). This was the first report of ST10 and ST14 in North Africa. Age, sex, digestive symptoms, and health status of the participants or contact with animals were not identified as significant risk factors for Blastocystis sp. occurrence or affecting the ST distribution. In contrast, substantial variations in the prevalence and ST distribution of the parasite were reported according to the governorate. Genotyping of isolates revealed the lower intra-ST diversity for ST3, followed by ST1 and then ST2. By combining subtyping and genotyping data, a widespread inter-human transmission was strongly suggested for ST3 within the Egyptian cohort. Regarding ST1 and ST2, additional animal or environmental sources of infection by these STs have been proposed, whereas the few cases of colonization by ST10 and ST14 were likely the result of zoonotic transmission from bovid. These investigations clearly emphasized the active circulation of Blastocystis sp. in Northern Egypt and the necessity for health authorities to implement prevention campaigns towards the population and quality control of drinking water, with the aim of reducing the burden of this enteric protozoan in this endemic country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Naguib
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (D.N.); (N.G.); (J.D.); (C.D.); (G.C.); (M.C.)
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nausicaa Gantois
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (D.N.); (N.G.); (J.D.); (C.D.); (G.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Jeremy Desramaut
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (D.N.); (N.G.); (J.D.); (C.D.); (G.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Nagah Arafat
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Mandour
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41511, Egypt; (M.M.); (A.K.K.A.)
| | | | - Ashraf Fawzy Mosa
- Parasitology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt;
| | - Constance Denoyelle
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (D.N.); (N.G.); (J.D.); (C.D.); (G.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Gaël Even
- GD Biotech-Gènes Diffusion, F-59000 Lille, France;
- PEGASE-Biosciences (Plateforme d’Expertises Génomiques Appliquées aux Sciences Expérimentales), Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Gabriela Certad
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (D.N.); (N.G.); (J.D.); (C.D.); (G.C.); (M.C.)
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l’Innovation, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l’Institut Catholique de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Magali Chabé
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (D.N.); (N.G.); (J.D.); (C.D.); (G.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Eric Viscogliosi
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (D.N.); (N.G.); (J.D.); (C.D.); (G.C.); (M.C.)
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11
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Rudzińska M, Sikorska K. Epidemiology of Blastocystis Infection: A Review of Data from Poland in Relation to Other Reports. Pathogens 2023; 12:1050. [PMID: 37624010 PMCID: PMC10458783 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis is a common gut protist of humans and various animals worldwide, with a high level of genetic diversity. Neither its zoonotic potential and transmission routes nor its pathogenicity are fully known. This fact, and the fact that Blastocystis is the most abundant eukaryote in human faeces, raises the question of its relevance to public health. Here, we summarise (in relation to other reports) the results of studies on the prevalence and genotypic variation of Blastocystis, which were carried out in animals, humans, and in water environments in Poland. In humans, the prevalence ranged between 0.14 and 23.6%, in some animals reached 58.97%, and in water environments was 5.1%. Seven subtypes were identified in humans (ST1-ST4, ST6, ST7, and ST9), of which ST3 was the most common. Among animals (wild, livestock, and pet animals), eleven STs were identified, with differential host specificity. Humans and animals shared ST1, ST2, ST3, ST6, and ST7, while ST1 and ST3 were present in humans, animals, and water sources. These observations indicate the possibility of Blastocystis transmission between animals and humans. Further studies should be continued in search of the sources and transmission routes of Blastocystis in order to prevent the spread of infections among humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rudzińska
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
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12
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Liao CC, Chen CH, Shin JW, Lin WC, Chen CC, Chu CT. Lipid Accumulation in Blastocystis Increases Cell Damage in Co-Cultured Cells. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1582. [PMID: 37375084 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis hominis is an intestinal protozoan that is often neglected, despite causing abdominal pain and diarrhea. Previous research has demonstrated that lipids can be synthesized by B. hominis or can accumulate in growth medium, but their function and mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Blastocystis remain unclear. Our study found that lipid-rich Blastocystis ST7-B can increase inflammation and disrupt Caco-2 cells more than the same parasite without the lipovenoes supplement. Additionally, the cysteine protease of Blastocystis, a virulence factor, is upregulated and has higher activity in lipid-rich Blastocystis. In order to better understand the effects of lipids on Blastocystis pathogenesis, we treated lipid-lowering pravastatin during Blastocystis ST7-B culturing with a lipovenoes supplement, which decreased the lipid levels of the Blastocystis and reduced the Blastocystis-induced inflammation and cell disruption of Caco-2 cells. We also analyzed the fatty acid composition and possible synthesis pathway in Blastocystis ST7-B, finding significantly higher ratios of arachidonic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid than in the other lipid components in lipid-rich Blastocystis ST7-B. These results suggest that lipids play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Blastocystis and provide important information on the molecular mechanisms of and potential treatments for Blastocystis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chieh Liao
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Wei Shin
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Chu
- Division of ColoRectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
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13
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McCain A, Gruneck L, Popluechai S, Tsaousis AD, Gentekaki E. Circulation and colonisation of Blastocystis subtypes in schoolchildren of various ethnicities in rural northern Thailand. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 151:e77. [PMID: 37185159 PMCID: PMC10204141 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis is a protist of controversial pathogenicity inhabiting the gut of humans and other animals. Despite a century of intense study, understanding of the epidemiology of Blastocystis remains fragmentary. Here, we aimed to explore its prevalence, stability of colonisation and association with various factors in a rural elementary school in northern Thailand. One hundred and forty faecal samples were collected from 104 children at two time points (tp) 105 days apart. For tp2, samples were also obtained from 15 animals residing on campus and seven water locations. Prevalence in children was 67% at tp1 and 89% at tp2, 63% in chickens, 86% in pigs, and 57% in water. Ten STs were identified, two of which were shared between humans and animals, one between animals and water, and three between humans and water. Eighteen children (out of 36) carried the same ST over both time points, indicating stable colonisation. Presence of Blastocystis (or ST) was not associated with body mass index, ethnicity, birth delivery mode, or milk source as an infant. This study advances understanding of Blastocystis prevalence in an understudied age group, the role of the environment in transmission, and the ability of specific STs to stably colonise children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby McCain
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Lucsame Gruneck
- Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Siam Popluechai
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Anastasios D. Tsaousis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Eleni Gentekaki
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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14
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Deng L, Wojciech L, Png CW, Kioh YQD, Ng GC, Chan ECY, Zhang Y, Gascoigne NRJ, Tan KSW. Colonization with ubiquitous protist Blastocystis ST1 ameliorates DSS-induced colitis and promotes beneficial microbiota and immune outcomes. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:22. [PMID: 37185924 PMCID: PMC10130167 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis is a species complex that exhibits extensive genetic diversity, evidenced by its classification into several genetically distinct subtypes (ST). Although several studies have shown the relationships between a specific subtype and gut microbiota, there is no study to show the effect of the ubiquitous Blastocystis ST1 on the gut microbiota and host health. Here, we show that Blastocystis ST1 colonization increased the proportion of beneficial bacteria Alloprevotella and Akkermansia, and induced Th2 and Treg cell responses in normal healthy mice. ST1-colonized mice showed decreases in the severity of DSS-induced colitis when compared to non-colonized mice. Furthermore, mice transplanted with ST1-altered gut microbiota were refractory to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis via induction of Treg cells and elevated short-chain fat acid (SCFA) production. Our results suggest that colonization with Blastocystis ST1, one of the most common subtypes in humans, exerts beneficial effects on host health through modulating the gut microbiota and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Lukasz Wojciech
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Yan Qin Dorinda Kioh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117559, Singapore
| | - Geok Choo Ng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117559, Singapore
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Nicholas R J Gascoigne
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.
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15
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Blastocystis subtypes in raw vegetables from street markets in northern Thailand. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:1027-1031. [PMID: 36658225 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Blastocystis is a stramenopile protist of controversial pathogenicity. The organism colonizes a broad range of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Blastocystis has also been found in the environment both in water and soil. Several routes of transmission have been proposed including human to human, animal to human, and via contaminated food and water. In recent years, the presence of Blastocystis in vegetables has started to be explored. However, most studies have focused on microscopic detection. Moreover, works of this type from Asia are barely available. Hence, the aim of this preliminary study was to examine the occurrence of Blastocystis in raw vegetables sold in markets in northern Thailand. Fresh produce (n = 20) commonly used in Thai cuisine (Lanna) was purchased from two street markets and screened for Blastocystis using qPCR. Blastocystis was detected in 45% of the samples with the dominant subtype being ST3. Produce growing underground, such as galangal, carrot, and beetroot, were positive for the organism suggesting soil or inadequately composted manure as the source of contamination. To our knowledge, our study is the first to perform subtyping of Blastocystis in vegetables. Our results hint toward fresh produce being a, as yet, not widely explored, transmission route of Blastocystis in the studied community. Looking forward, large-scale investigations on the prevalence of this and other organisms under the One Health umbrella should be undertaken.
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Nguyen LDN, Gantois N, Hoang TT, Do BT, Desramaut J, Naguib D, Tran TN, Truong AD, Even G, Certad G, Chabé M, Viscogliosi E. First Epidemiological Survey on the Prevalence and Subtypes Distribution of the Enteric Parasite Blastocystis sp. in Vietnam. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030731. [PMID: 36985304 PMCID: PMC10056178 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Blastocystis sp. is the most common enteric protozoan in human stools worldwide, various geographical areas remain to be investigated regarding the frequency and circulation of this parasite. Such is the case of some developing countries in Southeast Asia that exhibit a higher risk for parasitic infections due to unsanitary conditions. While several epidemiological surveys have been conducted, for instance, in Thailand, little or no data are available from neighboring countries, such as Vietnam. Therefore, in order to determine the prevalence and subtype (ST) distribution of Blastocystis sp. and to clarify the transmission of the parasite, the first molecular epidemiological survey ever conducted in this country was performed. For this purpose, a total of 310 stool specimens were collected from patients enrolled at the Family Hospital of Da Nang and then tested for the presence of Blastocystis sp. by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), followed by subtyping of the isolates. The overall prevalence of the parasite reached 34.5% in this Vietnamese cohort. No significant association was found between parasite infection and gender, age, symptomatic status, contact with animals or source of drinking water. Out of the 107 positive patients, nearly half presented mixed infections. Therefore, some of the corresponding samples were reanalyzed by end-point PCR, followed by PCR products cloning and sequencing. Of the 88 total subtyped isolates, ST3 was predominant, followed by ST10, ST14, ST7, ST1, ST4, ST6 and ST8. Our study was, thus, the first to report ST8, ST10 and ST14 in the Southeast Asian population. The predominance of ST3 within this Vietnamese cohort, coupled with its low intra-ST genetic variability, reflected a large inter-human transmission, while ST1 transmission was suggested to be not only anthroponotic, but also likely correlated to animal or environmental sources. Strikingly, isolates considered of animal origin (ST6-ST8, ST10 and ST14) accounted for more than 50% of the subtyped isolates. These findings improved our knowledge of the epidemiology and circulation of Blastocystis sp. in Southeast Asia, and in particular, in Vietnam, and highlighted both a major burden of the parasite in this country and a high risk of zoonotic transmission, mainly from poultry and livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nausicaa Gantois
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Bong Thi Do
- Family Hospital, 73 Nguyen Huu Tho Street, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Jeremy Desramaut
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Doaa Naguib
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Tuan Ngoc Tran
- Family Hospital, 73 Nguyen Huu Tho Street, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Anh Duc Truong
- Family Hospital, 73 Nguyen Huu Tho Street, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Gaël Even
- GD Biotech-Gènes Diffusion, F-59000 Lille, France
- PEGASE-Biosciences (Plateforme d’Expertises Génomiques Appliquées aux Sciences Expérimentales), Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Gabriela Certad
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l’Innovation, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l’Institut Catholique de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Magali Chabé
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (E.V.)
| | - Eric Viscogliosi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (E.V.)
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Beyhan YE, Güven İ, Aydın M. Detection of Blastocystis sp. in ulcerative colitis, Crohn's and chronic diarrheal patients by microscopy, culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Microb Pathog 2023; 177:106039. [PMID: 36863418 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is a zoonotic parasite that is common in humans and animals and settles in the large intestine. The parasite can cause various gastrointestinal system complaints such as indigestion, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, nausea and vomiting. The aim of this study is to determine the distribution of Blastocystis in patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's and diarrhea from the gastroenterology outpatient clinic and to compare the diagnostic value of the most preferred methods. A total of 100 patients, 47 men and 53 women, were included in the study. Of the cases, 61 had diarrhea, 35 had ulcerative colitis (UC) and four had Crohn's disease. Stool samples of the patients were analyzed by as direct microscopic examination (DM), culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). A total of 42% positivity was detected, 29% positivity in DM and trichrome staining, 28% in culture and 41% in qPCR. 40.4% (20/47) of men and 37.7% (22/53) of women were found to be infected. Blastocystis sp. was found in 75% of Crohn's, 42.6% of diarrheal and 37.1% of UC patients. Diarrhea cases are more common with UC and there is a close relationship between Crohn's and Blastocystis positivity. While DM and trichrome staining showed a sensitivity of 69%, PCR test was found to be the most sensitive diagnostic method with approximately 98%. Diarrhea and UC are often seen together. A close relationship was detected between Crohn's disease and Blastocystis. High prevalence of Blastocystis in cases with clinical symptoms reveals the importance of the parasite. There is a need for studies on the pathogenicity of Blastocystis sp. in various gastrointestinal cases, and it is thought that molecular techniques should be used since PCR is seen to be a much more sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Emre Beyhan
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey.
| | - İrem Güven
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Mesut Aydın
- Department of Gastroenterology, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey
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18
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Distribution and Phylogenetic Analysis of Subtypes and Alleles of Blastocystis sp. in the Stool Samples Collected from Patients with Gastrointestinal Complaints in İzmir, Turkey. Acta Parasitol 2023:10.1007/s11686-023-00665-2. [PMID: 36806111 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Blastocystis sp. is one of the most prevalent intestinal protozoa found in humans and many other animals. The present study aimed to examine the distribution and genetic diversity of Blastocystis sp. in stool samples from patients with gastrointestinal complaints in İzmir, Turkey. METHODS All stool samples of 439 patients with gastrointestinal complaints were examined by native-Lugol and trichrome staining. To investigate the presence of Blastocystis sp. in stool samples, DNA was isolated, and PCR was performed with the barcode region in the SSU rRNA gene. PCR positive samples were sequenced to identify subtypes and alleles of Blastocystis sp. RESULTS The prevalence of Blastocystis sp. was found to be 16.6% (73/439) in patients with gastrointestinal complaints in İzmir, Turkey. Three different Blastocystis sp. subtypes were identified. ST3 (28/55; 51.0%) was the most common subtype followed by ST2 (19/55; 34.5%) and ST1 (8/55; 14.5%). Itching and diarrhea were the most prominent clinical symptoms in Blastocystis sp. positive patients. When clinical symptoms and subtypes were compared, diarrhea was found in 62.5%, 47.4%, and 46.4% of patients with ST1, ST2, and ST3 subtypes, respectively. In addition, itching was found in 37.5%, 32.1%, and 21.1% of patients with ST1, ST3, and ST2, respectively. Six distinct alleles were identified by allele analysis of Blastocystis 18S rRNA gene: allele 4 for ST1, alleles 9, 11, and 12 for ST2, and alleles 34 and 36 for ST3. In this study, Blastocystis sp. was detected in 16 of 21 districts, including the central and rural districts of İzmir. Although ST1 was detected in central districts, it was not found in rural districts. CONCLUSION This study provides comprehensive data on the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of the genetic diversity at the level of subtypes and alleles of Blastocystis sp. in different districts of İzmir province in Turkey. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study which evaluates the distribution of subtypes and alleles of Blastocystis sp. according to PCR and SSU rRNA gene sequencing in patients with gastrointestinal complaints in different districts of İzmir province in Turkey.
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Labania L, Zoughbor S, Ajab S, Olanda M, Shantour SNM, Al Rasbi Z. The associated risk of Blastocystis infection in cancer: A case control study. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1115835. [PMID: 36890816 PMCID: PMC9986623 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1115835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Blastocystis is an anaerobic intestinal protozoan. Nine Blastocystis subtypes (STs) were detected in humans. A subtype-dependent association between Blastocystis and different cancer types has been debated in many studies. Thus, this study aims to assess the possible association between Blastocystis infection and cancer, especially colorectal cancer (CRC). We also screened the presence of gut fungi and their association with Blastocystis. Methods We used a case-control design; cancer patients and cancer-free (CF) participants. The cancer group was further sub-group into CRC group and cancers outside the gastrointestinal tract (COGT) group. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed to identify intestinal parasites in participants' stool samples. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses were conducted to identify and subtype Blastocystis. Furthermore, gut fungi were investigated molecularly. Results 104 stool samples were collected and matched between CF (n=52) and cancer patients (n=52); CRC (n=15) and COGT (n=37). As anticipated, Blastocystis prevalence was significantly higher among CRC patients (60%, P=0.002) and insignificant in COGT patients (32.4%, P=0.161) compared to CF group (17.3%). The most common subtypes were ST2 among cancer group and ST3 in the CF group. Conclusion Cancer patients have a higher risk of Blastocystis infection compared to CF individuals (OR=2.98, P=0.022). Increased risk of Blastocystis infection was associated with CRC patients (OR=5.66, P=0.009). Nevertheless, further studies are required to understand the underlying mechanisms of Blastocystis and cancer association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Labania
- Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sumaya Zoughbor
- Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suad Ajab
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marie Olanda
- Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sulaiman N M Shantour
- General Surgery Division, Surgery Department, Tawam Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zakeya Al Rasbi
- Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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20
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Deng L, Wojciech L, Png CW, Kioh DYQ, Gu Y, Aung TT, Malleret B, Chan ECY, Peng G, Zhang Y, Gascoigne NRJ, Tan KSW. Colonization with two different Blastocystis subtypes in DSS-induced colitis mice is associated with strikingly different microbiome and pathological features. Theranostics 2023; 13:1165-1179. [PMID: 36793854 PMCID: PMC9925320 DOI: 10.7150/thno.81583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The gut microbiota plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the role of Blastocystis infection and Blastocystis-altered gut microbiota in the development of inflammatory diseases and their underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Methods: We investigated the effect of Blastocystis ST4 and ST7 infection on the intestinal microbiota, metabolism, and host immune responses, and then explored the role of Blastocystis-altered gut microbiome in the development of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Results: This study showed that prior colonization with ST4 conferred protection from DSS-induced colitis through elevating the abundance of beneficial bacteria, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and the proportion of Foxp3+ and IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells. Conversely, prior ST7 infection exacerbated the severity of colitis by increasing the proportion of pathogenic bacteria and inducing pro-inflammatory IL-17A and TNF-α-producing CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, transplantation of ST4- and ST7-altered microbiota resulted in similar phenotypes. Conclusions: Our data showed that ST4 and ST7 infection exert strikingly differential effects on the gut microbiota, and these could influence the susceptibility to colitis. ST4 colonization prevented DSS-induced colitis in mice and may be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy against immunological diseases in the future, while ST7 infection is a potential risk factor for the development of experimentally induced colitis that warrants attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Lukasz Wojciech
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Dorinda Yan Qin Kioh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117559, Singapore
| | - Yuxiang Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117559, Singapore
| | - Thet Tun Aung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Benoit Malleret
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117559, Singapore
| | - Guangneng Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Robert John Gascoigne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
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21
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Issa YA, Ooda SA, Salem AI, Idris SN, Elderbawy MM, Tolba MM. Molecular diagnosis and subtyping of Blastocystis sp.: Association with clinical, colonoscopic, and histopathological findings. Trop Parasitol 2023; 13:46-53. [PMID: 37415748 PMCID: PMC10321588 DOI: 10.4103/tp.tp_28_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Blastocystis sp. is the most common parasitic infestation in humans. However, its pathogenicity remains controversial. Our aim was to study the prevalence of Blastocystis sp. parasite subtypes in patients with gastrointestinal manifestations referred for colonoscopy and assess possible correlation with clinical, colonoscopic, and histopathological findings. Methodology One hundred patients with gastrointestinal manifestations referred for colonoscopy were enrolled. Stool samples were collected and examined both microscopically and by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for detection of Blastocystis sp. Subtyping was done for positive samples by qPCR and confirmed by sequencing. Results qPCR sensitivity far exceeded microscopy in detection of Blastocystis sp. (58% vs. 31%, agreement 38.5%). The most commonly detected subtype was 3 (50%), followed by 2 (32.8%) and 4 (13.8%). Abdominal pain was the most common clinical symptom; inflammation and colitis were the most common abnormal colonoscopic and histopathological findings. The most frequent subtype encountered in those findings was Subtype 3. Conclusions This study confirmed the importance of using qPCR in diagnosis of Blastocystis sp. An association between abnormal clinical, colonoscopic, and histopathological findings on the one hand, and Blastocystis sp. infestation, especially Subtype 3, on the other hand, is also posed. This necessitates further studies to assess the mechanism of association with pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Amr Issa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
- College of Medicine, Arab Academy of Science Technology and Maritime Transport, Egypt
| | - Said Ahmed Ooda
- Department Experimental and Clinical Internal Medicine Department, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Aziza Ibrahim Salem
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sahar Nasr Idris
- Allied Medical Sciences- Lab Technology, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Mona Mohamed Tolba
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Egypt
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22
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Abu A, Sutthikornchai C, Mahittikorn A, Koompapong K, Chiabchalard R, Arthan D, Soonthornworasiri N, Popruk S. Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis Isolated from School-Aged Children in the Thai-Myanmar Border, Ratchaburi Province, Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:204. [PMID: 36612533 PMCID: PMC9819352 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Blastocystis is one of the most common enteric protozoa that inhabits the intestinal tract of humans and different animals. Moreover, it has a worldwide geographic distribution. Its main mode of transmission is via the fecal-oral route. At present, 26 subtypes are widely distributed across both humans and animals. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis among school-aged children living on the Thai-Myanmar border, Ratchaburi province, Thailand. In total, 508 samples were collected from children at six schools. The prevalence of Blastocystis infection was amplified and sequenced in the 600 bp barcode region of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA). The overall prevalence of Blastocystis infection was 3.35% (17/508). ST3 (11/17) was the most predominant subtype, followed by ST1 (5/17) and ST2 (1/17). A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the Tamura92+G+I model using the maximum-likelihood algorithm. Surprisingly, all sequences of the ST3-positive samples were closely correlated with the cattle-derived sequence. Meanwhile, all sequences of the Blastocystis ST1-positive samples were closely correlated with the human-derived sequence. Nevertheless, further studies should be conducted to validate the zoonotic transmission of Blastocystis. Based on our findings, personal hygiene and sanitation should be improved to promote better health in children in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanee Abu
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chantira Sutthikornchai
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Aongart Mahittikorn
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Khuanchai Koompapong
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Rachatawan Chiabchalard
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Dumrongkiet Arthan
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Ngamphol Soonthornworasiri
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Supaluk Popruk
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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23
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Naguib D, Gantois N, Desramaut J, Arafat N, Even G, Certad G, Chabé M, Viscogliosi E. Prevalence, Subtype Distribution and Zoonotic Significance of Blastocystis sp. Isolates from Poultry, Cattle and Pets in Northern Egypt. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2259. [PMID: 36422329 PMCID: PMC9696183 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is a widespread enteric protozoan that frequently infects human and animal groups. Despite its burden and zoonotic potential worldwide, epidemiological investigations remain limited in animal groups that come in contact with humans. Therefore, the largest survey ever conducted in North Africa was performed in Egypt with the aim to investigate the prevalence and subtype (ST) distribution of Blastocystis sp. in animals. For this purpose, a total of 889 fecal specimens were collected from chickens (217), cattle (373), dogs (144) and cats (155) from six governorates of northern Egypt. These specimens were then screened for the presence of Blastocystis sp. using a quantitative real-time PCR, followed by subtyping the isolates. The overall prevalence of Blastocystis sp. reached 9.2% (82/889), with the highest infection rates reported in chickens (17.0%) and domestic cattle (11.0%), highlighting an active circulation of the parasite in both animal groups. In contrast, the low prevalence in cats (2.6%) and the absence of the parasite in dogs suggested that pets are not natural hosts of Blastocystis sp. ST10 and ST14 were largely predominant in cattle, confirming that both STs represented cattle-adapted STs. The report of one ST3 and one ST4 isolate in this animal group could be explained by an accidental zoonosis from humans to animals. All but one of the subtyped isolates in poultry belonged to ST7, which was considered as an avian ST. The presence of a remaining isolate of ST14 likely reflected a transient infection from contact between birds and cattle feces. The same environmental contamination was also likely the source of the ST14 infection in three of the four positive cats, with the remaining animals infected by ST3 as the result of human-to-animal transmission. These occurrences and subtyping data, combined with those previously collected in the Egyptian population, implies that poultry could play a significant role as reservoir for zoonotic transmission, which would not be the case for cattle and pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Naguib
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nausicaa Gantois
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jeremy Desramaut
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nagah Arafat
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Gaël Even
- GD Biotech-Gènes Diffusion, F-59000 Lille, France
- PEGASE-Biosciences (Plateforme d’Expertises Génomiques Appliquées aux Sciences Expérimentales), Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Gabriela Certad
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l’Innovation, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l’Institut Catholique de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Magali Chabé
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Eric Viscogliosi
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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Franklin F, Rajamanikam A, Raju CS, Gill JS, Francis B, Sy-Cherng LW, Kumar S. Higher amoebic and metronidazole resistant forms of Blastocystis sp. seen in schizophrenic patients. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:313. [PMID: 36064639 PMCID: PMC9446727 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05418-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blastocystis sp. is one of the most common colonisers of the intestinal tract that demonstrate strong interaction with accompanying gut bacteria. Previously, the protozoan isolated from individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) showed altered phenotypic features suggesting that it can be triggered to become pathogenic. Previous studies reported altered gut microbiota and high prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in schizophrenia patients. However, the phenotypic characteristics of Blastocystis sp. isolated from individuals with SZ have yet to be described. Methods In this study, faecal samples from 50 patients with severe schizophrenia (SZ) and 100 non-schizophrenic (NS) individuals were screened for Blastocystis sp. infection. Positive isolates were subjected to genotypic and phenotypic characterization. Results We found that 12 out of 50 (24%) SZ and 5 out of 100 (5%) NS individuals were detected Blastocystis sp. positive using both in vitro culture and PCR method with no significant association to age and gender. Out of the 15 sequenced isolates, ST3 was the most prevalent subtype (66.7%) followed by ST1 (20%) and ST6 (13.3%). The isolates from SZ individuals demonstrated significant slower growth rate (34.9 ± 15.6 h) and larger range of cell diameter (3.3–140 µm). We detected higher amoebic forms and metronidazole resistance among SZ isolates with variation in cell surface glycoprotein where 98% of cells from SZ showed consistent medium to high binding affinity (+ 2 to + 3) to Concavalin A staining compared to NS isolates that demonstrated only 76% high lectin (+ 3) binding affinity. Cysteine and serine protease levels were predominantly found among SZ isolates. We also demonstrate the presence of metalloprotease in Blastocystis sp. especially among NS isolates. Introduction of solubilised antigens from SZ isolates increased the cell proliferation of HCT116 cells by two fold when compared to NS isolates. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated Blastocystis sp. isolated from SZ individuals showed variation in phenotype specifically in morphology and drug resistance. The findings indicate that the gut environment (SZ and NS) and treatment of SZ could have influenced the phenotype of Blastocystis sp. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05418-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Franklin
- Department of Parasitology, Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Arutchelvan Rajamanikam
- Department of Parasitology, Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Jesjeet Singh Gill
- Department of Phycological Medicine, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Malaya (PPUM), Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Benedict Francis
- Department of Phycological Medicine, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Malaya (PPUM), Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Luke Woon Sy-Cherng
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Parasitology, Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
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Jinatham V, Nonebudsri C, Wandee T, Popluechai S, Tsaousis AD, Gentekaki E. Blastocystis in tap water of a community in northern Thailand. Parasitol Int 2022; 91:102624. [PMID: 35842087 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Blastocystis is the most common protist in the gut of humans and other animals having global distribution. Occasionally, this organism has also been reported in the environment. Transmission to humans occurs via the fecal-oral route, while water also comprises a transmission route. Blastocystis has been commonly found in rivers, lakes, and wells. Nonetheless, there is limited data about the prevalence and genetic diversity of Blastocystis in tap water. The main aim of this study was to examine the presence of Blastocystis subtypes in tap water (n=20) in a community in northern Thailand. Molecular characterization using the small subunit ribosomal RNA was used to screen for Blastocystis and identify the diversity of subtypes in samples. The overall prevalence was 30% with only subtype three (ST3) encountered in the tap water. These results indicate that tap water has a potential role in the transmission of this subtype in the studied community. Further investigations should focus on expanding sampling to include additional housing complexes and screening for Blastocystis in humans who are exposed to this water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasana Jinatham
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
| | | | - Thanawat Wandee
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Siam Popluechai
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand; Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Anastasios D Tsaousis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Gentekaki
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand; Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
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26
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Blastocystis hominis undergoing programmed cell death via cytotoxic gamma irradiation. Exp Parasitol 2022; 240:108341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Šloufová M, Lhotská Z, Jirků M, Petrželková KJ, Stensvold CR, Cinek O, Pomajbíková KJ. Comparison of molecular diagnostic approaches for the detection and differentiation of the intestinal protist Blastocystis sp. in humans. Parasite 2022; 29:30. [PMID: 35638752 PMCID: PMC9153396 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis is the most commonly found intestinal protist in the world. Accurate detection and differentiation of Blastocystis including its subtypes (arguably species) are essential to understand its epidemiology and role in human health. We compared (i) the sensitivity of conventional PCR (cPCR) and qPCR in a set of 288 DNA samples obtained from stool samples of gut-healthy individuals, and (ii) subtype diversity as detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS) versus Sanger sequencing. Real-time PCR resulted in more positive samples than cPCR, revealing high fecal load of Blastocystis based on the quantification curve in most samples. In subtype detection, NGS was largely in agreement with Sanger sequencing but showed higher sensitivity for mixed subtype colonization within one host. This fact together with use of the combination of qPCR and NGS and obtaining information on the fecal protist load will be beneficial for epidemiological and surveillance studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Šloufová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic - Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Lhotská
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic - Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jirků
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Klára J Petrželková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic - Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, Brno 603 65, Czech Republic
| | - C Rune Stensvold
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark
| | - Ondřej Cinek
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Jirků Pomajbíková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic - Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
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Molecular investigation of Blastocystis sp. and its subtypes in cancer patients under chemotherapy in Aegean region, Turkey. Acta Trop 2022; 233:106577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Zou Y, Wang YG, Liu ZL, Guo AJ, Li XL, Shi ZQ, Zhu XQ, Han XM, Wang S. Echinococcosis Is Associated with the Increased Prevalence of Intestinal Blastocystis Infection in Tibetans and Host Susceptibility to the Blastocystis in Mice. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050773. [PMID: 35625501 PMCID: PMC9138466 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blastocystis is a common human intestinal protozoan parasite. Little is known about its prevalence in echinococcosis. This study tested whether Echinococcus multilocularis infection would increase host susceptibility to Blastocystis. A total of 114 fecal samples (68 hydatid disease patients and 46 healthy people) were collected from Tibetans in the Qinghai province in China. The presence of Blastocystis was identified by sequencing of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene. Balb/c mice were co-infected with Blastocystis and E. multilocularis and tested for host susceptibility to Blastocystis. The overall Blastocystis prevalence was 12.3%; 16.2% in the patients and 4.4% in healthy people (p < 0.05). Sequence analysis identified three known Blastocystis genotypes, including ST1, ST2, and ST3, and one unknown genotype. Experimental dual infection significantly reduced mouse survival rate (20%), induced more severe signs, and increased intestinal damages with a higher intestinal colonization level of Blastocystis. The mouse model showed that E. multilocularis infection increases host susceptibility to Blastocystis. Our study shows a significantly higher prevalence of Blastocystis in patients with liver echinococcosis and reveals that non-intestinal E. multilocularis infection increases host susceptibility to the Blastocystis. Our results highlight that E. multilocularis infection is associated with Blastocystis. These findings remind us that more attention should be paid to the gut health of the patients with a helminth infection during clinical patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.-G.W.); (Z.-L.L.); (A.-J.G.); (X.-L.L.); (Z.-Q.S.)
| | - Yu-Gui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.-G.W.); (Z.-L.L.); (A.-J.G.); (X.-L.L.); (Z.-Q.S.)
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China;
| | - Zhong-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.-G.W.); (Z.-L.L.); (A.-J.G.); (X.-L.L.); (Z.-Q.S.)
| | - Ai-Jiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.-G.W.); (Z.-L.L.); (A.-J.G.); (X.-L.L.); (Z.-Q.S.)
| | - Xiao-Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.-G.W.); (Z.-L.L.); (A.-J.G.); (X.-L.L.); (Z.-Q.S.)
| | - Zhi-Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.-G.W.); (Z.-L.L.); (A.-J.G.); (X.-L.L.); (Z.-Q.S.)
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China;
| | - Xiu-Min Han
- Qinghai Clinical Research Institute of Hydatid Disease, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining 810007, China
- Correspondence: (X.-M.H.); (S.W.); Tel.: +86-931-834-2489 (S.W.)
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.-G.W.); (Z.-L.L.); (A.-J.G.); (X.-L.L.); (Z.-Q.S.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 210009, China
- Correspondence: (X.-M.H.); (S.W.); Tel.: +86-931-834-2489 (S.W.)
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Hartuis S, Lavergne RA, Nourrisson C, Verweij J, Desoubeaux G, Lussac-Sorton F, Lemoine JP, Cateau E, Jeddi F, Poirier P, Le Pape P, Morio F. The Novodiag ® Stool parasites assay, an innovative high-plex technique for fast detection of protozoa, helminths and microsporidia in stool samples: a retrospective and prospective study. Parasite 2022; 29:27. [PMID: 35550028 PMCID: PMC9102957 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We provide the first evaluation of the CE-IVD marked Novodiag® stool parasites assay (NVD), allowing rapid and high-plex detection of 26 distinct targets, encompassing protozoans, helminths and microsporidia in stool samples. METHODS A total of 254 samples (n = 205 patients) were prospectively processed by the NVD and our routine procedure (RP). Performances of the NVD were compared with RP. Samples only positive by the NVD assay were investigated by external PCR assays. Sensitivity and specificity (Se/Sp) and time from sample receipt to results were determined for each method. The NVD was also evaluated against 77 additional samples positive for a wide range of parasites. RESULTS Overall positivity rate was 16.9% for RP compared with 34% using the NVD assay, and 164 samples (66%) were negative by both methods. Only 30 positive samples (12%) showed full concordance between RP and NVD. Fifty-three discordant samples were sent for external investigations. Except for Giardia intestinalis and Trichuris spp., higher Se was observed for the NVD assay for Blastocystis spp. (100% vs. 63%), Dientamoeba fragilis (100% vs. 0%), Schistosoma spp. (100% vs. 17%), and Enterobius vermicularis (100% vs. 67%) but roughly similar to RP for the remaining parasites tested. False-positive results were identified for Blastocystis spp., G. intestinalis, and Trichuris spp. using the NVD assay. The NVD mostly provides a diagnosis on the day of sample receipt compared with a mean of three days with RP. CONCLUSIONS Besides some limitations, the NVD is a new diagnostic strategy allowing rapid and high-plex detection of gastrointestinal parasites from unpreserved stools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hartuis
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l’Immunité, IICiMed, UR1155 44000 Nantes France
| | - Rose-Anne Lavergne
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l’Immunité, IICiMed, UR1155 44000 Nantes France
| | - Céline Nourrisson
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie–Mycologie, Centre de Biologie, CHU Gabriel Montpied 58 rue Montalembert 63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Jaco Verweij
- Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Microvida Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology PO Box 90151 5000 Tilburg The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Desoubeaux
- Service de Parasitologie – Mycologie – Médecine Tropicale, CHRU de Tours 2 Boulevard Tonnellé 37000 Tours France
| | - Florian Lussac-Sorton
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie–Mycologie PTMI – Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin Place Amélie Raba Léon 33076 Bordeaux France
| | | | - Estelle Cateau
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicales, CHU La Miletrie BP 577 86021 Poitiers Cedex France
| | - Fakhri Jeddi
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l’Immunité, IICiMed, UR1155 44000 Nantes France
| | - Philippe Poirier
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie–Mycologie, Centre de Biologie, CHU Gabriel Montpied 58 rue Montalembert 63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Patrice Le Pape
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l’Immunité, IICiMed, UR1155 44000 Nantes France
| | - Florent Morio
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l’Immunité, IICiMed, UR1155 44000 Nantes France
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Deng L, Wojciech L, Png CW, Koh EY, Aung TT, Kioh DYQ, Chan ECY, Malleret B, Zhang Y, Peng G, Gascoigne NRJ, Tan KSW. Experimental colonization with Blastocystis ST4 is associated with protective immune responses and modulation of gut microbiome in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:245. [PMID: 35435504 PMCID: PMC9016058 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Blastocystis is a common gut protistan parasite in humans and animals worldwide, but its interrelationship with the host gut microbiota and mucosal immune responses remains poorly understood. Different murine models of Blastocystis colonization were used to examine the effect of a common Blastocystis subtype (ST4) on host gut microbial community and adaptive immune system. Results Blastocystis ST4-colonized normal healthy mice and Rag1−/− mice asymptomatically and was able to alter the microbial community composition, mainly leading to increases in the proportion of Clostridia vadinBB60 group and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, respectively. Blastocystis ST4 colonization promoted T helper 2 (Th2) response defined by interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 cytokine production, and T regulatory (Treg) induction from colonic lamina propria in normal healthy mice. Additionally, we observed that Blastocystis ST4 colonization can maintain the stability of bacterial community composition and induce Th2 and Treg immune responses to promote faster recovery from experimentally induced colitis. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation of Blastocystis ST4-altered gut microbiome to colitis mice reduced the severity of colitis, which was associated with increased production of short-chain fat acids (SCFAs) and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Conclusions The data confirm our hypothesis that Blastocystis ST4 is a beneficial commensal, and the beneficial effects of Blastocystis ST4 colonization is mediated through modulating of the host gut bacterial composition, SCFAs production, and Th2 and Treg responses in different murine colonization models. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00018-022-04271-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.,The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lukasz Wojciech
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Eileen Yiling Koh
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Thet Tun Aung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Dorinda Yan Qin Kioh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Benoit Malleret
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Guangneng Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Nicholas Robert John Gascoigne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.
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BACHI F, ABIDAT F, GHAFFOR Y, BELLILI S, GOURA S, BELMADANI SA. [Molecular characterization of algerian strains of Blastocysts sp]. MEDECINE TROPICALE ET SANTE INTERNATIONALE 2022; 2:mtsi.v2i1.2022.226. [PMID: 35685839 PMCID: PMC9128492 DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v2i1.2022.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blastocystis sp. is a protozoan that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many animals and is currently the most common parasite found in human stools. In some developing countries, its prevalence in study populations may exceed 50%. Morphologically, isolates of Blastocystis sp. found in different hosts are very similar. However, these same isolates show a very high genetic diversity between them and no less than 17 subtypes (or genotypes) have already been identified from molecular data. Genotyping studies have been carried out in many countries around the world and in particular in some Mediterranean countries such as France, spain, Italy, Turkey and Egypt. However, very little genotyping data is available in Algeria. To this end, we conducted the present study to identify and genotype Blastocystis in human and animal stool samples. PATIENTS AND METHODS One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine (1,869) stool samples from kitchen staff as part of the periodic medical check-up, from subjects for the provision of a medical certificate required for the processing of a visa file and from patients with gastrointestinal disorders were examined. In addition to human faeces, animal samples, including 10 poultry, 2 cattle and 2 murine animals were examined. All stools were subjected to direct microscopic examination supplemented by concentration techniques and modified Ziehl Neelsen staining. Molecular characterization of 39 human and 14 animal isolates was performed by sequencing and the resulting sequences compared with those available from GenBank. Sequencing was only contributory for 30 human and 9 animal strains. RESULTS Of all human samples examined 284 were positive (15.19%) with a prevalence of 7.38% for Blastocystis. Of the 30 strains that were molecularly characterized, ST3 was predominant (15/30, 50%) followed by ST1 (10/30, 33.33%) and in third place ST2 (4/30, 13.33%). ST4 was identified in only one patient (1/30, 3.33%). The correlation between clinical status and the subtype of Blastocystis identified showed that the number of ST3 was high in asymptomatic subjects (11/15, 73%) compared to symptomatic subjects (4/15, 26.66%), as well as for the ST1 subtype (7/10, 70% versus 3/10, 30%). Conversely, the number of ST2 was higher in subjects with gastrointestinal disorders (3/4, 75%). In addition to human strains, we genotyped 7 avian, 2 murine and 2 bovine strains. Characterization of the avian strains revealed 5 ST6 (71.42%) and 2 ST7 (28, 57%). The murine and bovine strains are identified as ST7 and ST6 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma BACHI
- Laboratoire de biologie parasitaire, Département de parasitologie, Institut Pasteur d’Algérie, Route du petit Staouéli, Dely-Brahim, Alger, Algérie,Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine d’Alger, Université d’Alger, Algérie,*
| | - Fayçal ABIDAT
- Laboratoire de biologie parasitaire, Département de parasitologie, Institut Pasteur d’Algérie, Route du petit Staouéli, Dely-Brahim, Alger, Algérie,Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine d’Alger, Université d’Alger, Algérie
| | - Yasmine GHAFFOR
- Laboratoire de biologie parasitaire, Département de parasitologie, Institut Pasteur d’Algérie, Route du petit Staouéli, Dely-Brahim, Alger, Algérie
| | - Sarra BELLILI
- Laboratoire de biologie parasitaire, Département de parasitologie, Institut Pasteur d’Algérie, Route du petit Staouéli, Dely-Brahim, Alger, Algérie
| | - Soumaya GOURA
- Laboratoire de biologie parasitaire, Département de parasitologie, Institut Pasteur d’Algérie, Route du petit Staouéli, Dely-Brahim, Alger, Algérie
| | - Sid Ali BELMADANI
- Laboratoire de biologie parasitaire, Département de parasitologie, Institut Pasteur d’Algérie, Route du petit Staouéli, Dely-Brahim, Alger, Algérie
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Detection, Molecular Identification and Transmission of the Intestinal Protozoa Blastocystis sp. in Guinea from a Large-Scale Epidemiological Study Conducted in the Conakry Area. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020446. [PMID: 35208899 PMCID: PMC8876712 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is a single-celled parasite estimated to colonize the digestive tract of 1 to 2 billion people worldwide. Although it represents the most frequent intestinal protozoa in human stools, it remains still under-investigated in countries with a high risk of infection due to poor sanitary and hygiene conditions, such as in Africa. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the prevalence and subtype (ST) distribution of Blastocystis sp. in the Guinean population. For this purpose, fecal samples were collected from 500 individuals presenting or not digestive disorders in two hospitals of Conakry. Search for the parasite in stools was performed by real-time PCR targeting the small subunit rDNA gene followed by sequencing of the PCR products for subtyping of the isolates. A total of 390 participants (78.0%) was positive for Blastocystis sp. Five STs were identified in the Guinean cohort (ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4 and ST14) with varying frequency, ST3 being predominant. Among them, ST4 was found in only two patients confirming its global rarity in Africa whereas infections by ST14 were likely the result of zoonotic transmission from bovid. No significant association was detected between Blastocystis sp. colonization or ST distribution and the symptomatic status of Guinean subjects or the presence of digestive symptoms. In contrast, drilling water consumption represented a significant risk factor for infection by Blastocystis sp. Predominance of ST3 coupled with its low intra-ST diversity strongly suggested large-scale human-to-human transmission of this ST within this cohort. In parallel, the highest intra-ST diversity of ST1 and ST2 was likely correlated with various potential sources of infection in addition to anthroponotic transmission. These findings highlighted the active circulation of the parasite in Guinea as reported in some low-income African countries and the necessity to implement prevention and control measures in order to limit the circulation of this parasite in this endemic geographical area.
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Argy N, Nourrisson C, Aboubacar A, Poirier P, Valot S, Laude A, Desoubeaux G, Pomares C, Machouart M, Le Govic Y, Dalle F, Botterel F, Bourgeois N, Cateau E, Leterrier M, Le Pape P, Morio F, Houze S. Selecting a multiplex PCR panel for accurate molecular diagnosis of intestinal protists: a comparative study of Allplex ® (Seegene ®), G-DiaParaTrio (Diagenode ®), and RIDA ®GENE (R-Biopharm ®) assays and microscopic examination. Parasite 2022; 29:5. [PMID: 35138245 PMCID: PMC8826582 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial multiplex PCR assay panels were developed to overcome the limitations of microscopic examination for parasitological diagnosis on stool samples. However, given the increased supply of this diagnostic approach, these assays must be evaluated to position them in a diagnostic algorithm. Analytical performances of the multiplex PCR assay G-DiaParaTrio, Allplex® GI parasite and RIDA®GENE parasitic stool panel for detecting Blastocystis sp., Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., Dientamoeba fragilis, and Cyclospora cayetanensis, were assessed through a retrospective comparative study on 184 stool samples initially sent for parasitological investigation. The composite reference method for parasitological diagnosis was microscopic observation and Entamoeba histolytica-specific adhesion detection when necessary. Multiplex PCR assays were performed on extracted DNA from each stool, following the manufacturer's recommendations. Discrepant results with the composite reference method were investigated with species-specific PCR to approach a final parasitological diagnosis. Overall sensitivity/specificity for the multiplex PCR assays was 93.2%/100% for G-DiaParaTrio, 96.5%/98.3% for Allplex® GI parasite and 89.6%/98.3% for RIDA®GENE, whereas the composite reference method presented an overall sensitivity/specificity of 59.6%/99.8%. These results confirmed the added diagnostic value of the multiplex PCR approach for gastrointestinal protists. Nevertheless, the PCR procedure and the analytical performance for each protist of interest, variable depending on the multiplex PCR assay, must be considered when implementing a PCR-based diagnostic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Argy
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Bichat-Claude Bernard hospital, APHP, 75018 Paris, France - IRD MERIT UMR 261, Pharmacy Faculty, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Céline Nourrisson
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 3IHP, INSERM, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ahmed Aboubacar
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, CHU de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Poirier
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 3IHP, INSERM, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphane Valot
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, CHU de Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Adrien Laude
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Institut de Biologie, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Guillaume Desoubeaux
- Parasitology-Mycology-Tropical Diseases Department, CHU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | | | - Marie Machouart
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, CHU de Nancy, 54511 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Yohann Le Govic
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, CHU d'Angers, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Frédéric Dalle
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, CHU de Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Françoise Botterel
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, CHU Henri Mondor, APHP, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Nathalie Bourgeois
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Estelle Cateau
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Marion Leterrier
- Microbiology Laboratory, CHD de la Roche-Sur-Yon, 85000 la Roche-Sur-Yon, France
| | - Patrice Le Pape
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Institut de Biologie, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Florent Morio
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Institut de Biologie, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Sandrine Houze
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Bichat-Claude Bernard hospital, APHP, 75018 Paris, France - IRD MERIT UMR 261, Pharmacy Faculty, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France
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Maleki B, Sadraei J, Dalimi Asl A, Pirestani M. High occurrence of Blastocystis sp. subtype 3 in individuals referred to medical laboratories in Kermanshah, Iran. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2022; 15:164-171. [PMID: 35845305 PMCID: PMC9275734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aim The current study investigated the prevalence and genotypes of Blastocystis sp. in individuals who referred to medical laboratories in Kermanshah, Iran. Background Blastocystis sp. is a common intestinal protozoan found in humans and a wide range of animals, and it is involved in the development of gastrointestinal disorders. Methods A total of 950 stool samples were examined using the standard formalin-ether concentration technique. All specimens were cultured in Robinson xenic medium. Subsequently, DNA extraction and PCR amplification of subtype specific sequence-tagged site (STS) were conducted. Results Microscopic examination showed that 86 out of 950 samples (9.05%) were infected with Blastocystis sp. Subsequently, 33 of 86 positive samples were cultured and molecularly confirmed by conventional PCR, indicating six subtypes (ST1-ST6). Of note, ST3 (45.0%) was the predominant subtype, followed by ST1 (15.15%) and ST5 (12%). Conclusion Based on the current findings, ST3 was the most frequent subtype among all positive samples. Having a better understanding of Blastocystis sp. subtype distribution and risk factors would lead to improved preventive measures.
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Jinatham V, Maxamhud S, Popluechai S, Tsaousis AD, Gentekaki E. Blastocystis One Health Approach in a Rural Community of Northern Thailand: Prevalence, Subtypes and Novel Transmission Routes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:746340. [PMID: 34956115 PMCID: PMC8696170 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.746340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis is the most commonly found eukaryote in the gut of humans and other animals. This protist is extremely heterogeneous genetically and is classified into 28 subtypes (STs) based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. Numerous studies exist on prevalence of the organism, which usually focus on either humans or animals or the environment, while only a handful investigates all three sources simultaneously. Consequently, understanding of Blastocystis transmission dynamics remains inadequate. Our aim was to explore Blastocystis under the One Health perspective using a rural community in northern Thailand as our study area. We surveyed human, other animal and environmental samples using both morphological and molecular approaches. Prevalence rates of Blastocystis were 73% in human hosts (n = 45), 100% in non-human hosts (n = 44) and 91% in environmental samples (n = 35). Overall, ten subtypes were identified (ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4 ST5, ST6, ST7, ST10, ST23, and ST26), eight of which were detected in humans (ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4, ST5, ST7, ST10, and ST23), three in other animals (ST6, ST7, and ST23), while seven (ST1, ST3, ST6, ST7, ST10, ST23, and ST26) were found in the environment. In our investigation of transmission dynamics, we assessed various groupings both at the household and community level. Given the overall high prevalence rate, transmission amongst humans and between animals and humans are not as frequent as expected with only two subtypes being shared. This raises questions on the role of the environment on transmission of Blastocystis. Water and soil comprise the main reservoirs of the various subtypes in this community. Five subtypes are shared between humans and the environment, while three overlap between the latter and animal hosts. We propose soil as a novel route of transmission, which should be considered in future investigations. This study provides a thorough One Health perspective on Blastocystis. Using this type of approach advances our understanding on occurrence, diversity, ecology and transmission dynamics of this poorly understood, yet frequent gut resident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasana Jinatham
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Sadiya Maxamhud
- Laboratory of Molecular and Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Siam Popluechai
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Anastasios D Tsaousis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Gentekaki
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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Metabolic Fluctuations in the Human Stool Obtained from Blastocystis Carriers and Non-Carriers. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120883. [PMID: 34940641 PMCID: PMC8708241 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis is an obligate anaerobic microbial eukaryote that frequently inhabits the gastrointestinal tract. Despite this prevalence, very little is known about the extent of its genetic diversity, pathogenicity, and interaction with the rest of the microbiome and its host. Although the organism is morphologically static, it has no less than 28 genetically distinct subtypes (STs). Reports on the pathogenicity of Blastocystis are conflicting. The association between Blastocystis and intestinal bacterial communities is being increasingly explored. Nonetheless, similar investigations extending to the metabolome are non-existent.Using established NMR metabolomics protocols in 149 faecal samples from individuals from South Korea (n = 38), Thailand (n = 44) and Turkey (n = 69), we have provided a snapshot of the core metabolic compounds present in human stools with (B+) and without (B−) Blastocystis. Samples included hosts with gastrointestinal symptoms and asymptomatics. A total of nine, 62 and 98 significant metabolites were associated with Blastocystis carriage in the South Korean, Thai and Turkish sample sets respectively, with a number of metabolites increased in colonised groups. The metabolic profiles of B+ and B− samples from all countries were distinct and grouped separately in the partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Typical inflammation-related metabolites negatively associated with Blastocystis positive samples. This data will assist in directing future studies underlying the involvement of Blastocystis in physiological processes of both the gut microbiome and the host. Future studies using metabolome and microbiome data along with host physiology and immune responses information will contribute significantly towards elucidating the role of Blastocystis in health and disease.
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Kosik-Bogacka D, Lepczyńska M, Kot K, Szkup M, Łanocha-Arendarczyk N, Dzika E, Grochans E. Prevalence, subtypes and risk factors of Blastocystis spp. infection among pre- and perimenopausal women. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1125. [PMID: 34724915 PMCID: PMC8559403 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blastocystis spp. are considered pathogenic or commensal organisms, although the majority of researchers suggest that these are neglected pathogens. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis spp. in pre- and perimenopausal women, with respect to socio-demographic (age and place of residence), and epidemiological factors, as well as drinking tap water, contact with domestic animals, traveling abroad, health status, and presence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Additionally, the objective was to compare hematological and biochemical parameters of Blastocystis spp. infected and uninfected women. Methods The study included 425 women aged 45–60. Their stool samples were examined microscopically and analyzed by a conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR). Results Blastocystis spp. were detected in 6.1% of pre- and perimenopausal women. Molecular analysis of the stool samples identified seven Blastocystis subtypes (ST1–ST4, ST6, ST7, and ST9). Blastocystis subtypes 2 and 3 were the most prevalent. The presence of Blastocystis spp. was not significantly related to socio-demographic and epidemiological factors. There were also no significant associations between Blastocystis spp. and blood parameters, or gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusion This study complements the limited available data on the prevalence of Blastocystis spp. in pre- and perimenopausal women. It is also the first report showing the presence of Blastocystis subtype 9 in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Kosik-Bogacka
- Independent Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lepczyńska
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury, Żołnierska 14 C, 10-561, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karolina Kot
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Szkup
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 48, 71-210, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Dzika
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury, Żołnierska 14 C, 10-561, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Grochans
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 48, 71-210, Szczecin, Poland
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Asghari A, Sadeghipour Z, Hassanipour S, Abbasali Z, Ebrahimzadeh-Parikhani H, Hashemzaei M, Alimardani V, Hatam G. Association between Blastocystis sp. infection and immunocompromised patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:60308-60328. [PMID: 34528202 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The significance of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients and the enigmatic pathogenicity of Blastocystis directed us to conduct the first global systematic review and meta-analysis on Blastocystis prevalence, odds ratios (ORs), and subtypes distribution in various immunocompromised patients (HIV/AIDS, cancer and hemodialysis patients, as well as transplant recipients). The systematic searching procedure was done in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for relevant published literature until November 11, 2020. Random-effects model was utilized to calculate the weighted estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). The computed pooled prevalence of Blastocystis inferred from 118 papers (128 datasets) on immunocompromised patients was 10.3% (95% CI: 8.7-12.2%), with 16.1% (95% CI: 11.3-22.2%), 12.5% (95% CI: 8.5-18%), 8.4% (95 % CI: 6.6-10.6%), and 6% (95% CI: 2.6-13.3%) for hemodialysis patients, cancer patients, HIV/AIDS patients, and transplant recipients, respectively. Based on 50 case-control studies (54 datasets), the highest ORs were associated with cancer [2.81 (95% CI: 1.24-6.38, P = 0.013)] and hemodialysis patients [2.78 (95% CI: 1.19-6.48, P = 0.018)]. The most frequent subtype being found in immunocompromised patients was ST3 [41.7% (95% CI: 31.4-52.7%)], followed by ST1 [31.7% (95% CI: 23.2-41.8%)] and ST2 [23.1% (95% CI: 14.8-34.1%)]. Also, the weighted frequency of Blastocystis in various subgroups (publication year, WHO regions, geographical distribution, continents, and country income) was analyzed separately. In total, the results of the present meta-analysis highlighted that one's immunodeficiency status is probably associated with an increased Blastocystis infection, underpinning strict preventive measures to be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Sadeghipour
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Abbasali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Ebrahimzadeh-Parikhani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Hashemzaei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Alimardani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Sarzhanov F, Dogruman-Al F, Santin M, Maloney JG, Gureser AS, Karasartova D, Taylan-Ozkan A. Investigation of neglected protists Blastocystis sp. and Dientamoeba fragilis in immunocompetent and immunodeficient diarrheal patients using both conventional and molecular methods. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009779. [PMID: 34613993 PMCID: PMC8494357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The clinical significance of Blastocystis sp. and Dientamoeba fragilis in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms is a controversial issue. Since the pathogenicity of these protists has not been fully elucidated, testing for these organisms is not routinely pursued by most laboratories and clinicians. Thus, the prevalence of these organisms and the subtypes of Blastocystis sp. in human patients in Turkey are not well characterized. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis in the diarrheic stool samples of immunodeficient and immunocompetent patients using conventional and molecular methods and to identify Blastocystis sp. subtypes using next generation sequencing. Material and methods Individual stool specimens were collected from 245 immunodeficient and 193 immunocompetent diarrheic patients between March 2017 and December 2019 at the Gazi University Training and Research Hospital in Ankara, Turkey. Samples were screened for Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis by conventional and molecular methods. Molecular detection of both protists was achieved by separate qPCRs targeting a partial fragment of the SSU rRNA gene. Next generation sequencing was used to identify Blastocystis sp. subtypes. Results The prevalence of Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis was 16.7% and 11.9%, respectively as measured by qPCR. The prevalence of Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis was lower in immunodeficient patients (12.7% and 10.6%, respectively) compared to immunocompetent patients (21.8% and 13.5%, respectively). Five Blastocystis sp. subtypes were identified and the following subtype distribution was observed: ST3 54.4% (n = 37), ST2 16.2% (n = 11), ST1 4.4% (n = 3), ST6 2.9% (n = 2), ST4 1.5% (n = 1), ST2/ST3 11.8% (n = 8) and ST1/ST3 8.8% (n = 6). There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of Blastocystis sp. subtypes between immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients. Conclusion and recommendation Our findings demonstrated that Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis are commonly present in immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients with diarrhea. This study is the first to use next generation sequencing to address the presence of Blastocystis sp. mixed subtypes and intra-subtype variability in clinical samples in Turkey. Blastocystis sp. and Dientamoeba fragilis are single-cell parasites of the human intestine which are common worldwide and reported in cases with gastrointestinal symptoms. However, the role of Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms is still controversial because their presence is not always associated with symptoms. As some intestinal parasitic infections can cause severe illness in immunocompromised individuals careful consideration of intestinal protist infection is warranted. However, testing for Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis is not routinely carried out by most laboratories and clinicians. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients with diarrhea by conventional and molecular methods. Both Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis were detected more frequently by quantitative polymerase chain reaction than by conventional methods. Next generation sequencing was used to characterize the diversity and frequency of Blastocystis sp. subtypes and mixed subtypes in patients in Turkey. Five Blastocystis sp. subtypes (ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4 and ST6) were detected. ST3 was the most frequent subtype in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. Mono-infections were more common than mixed subtype infections. Our findings showed that Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis are commonly present in immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients with diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhriddin Sarzhanov
- Division of Medical Parasitology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
- Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Faculty of Medicine, Turkestan, Kazakhstan
| | - Funda Dogruman-Al
- Division of Medical Parasitology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Monica Santin
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jenny G. Maloney
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ayse Semra Gureser
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Djursun Karasartova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Taylan-Ozkan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, TOBB- University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
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Nourrisson C, Scanzi J, Brunet J, Delbac F, Dapoigny M, Poirier P. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Fecal Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients and Healthy Individuals Colonized With Blastocystis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:713347. [PMID: 34603241 PMCID: PMC8486285 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.713347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis is the most frequently isolated protozoan from human stool. Its role in human health is still debated, and a high prevalence was reported in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subjects, suggesting a potential link with microbiota. In the present study, we aimed to investigate prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiota in both IBS-C (constipated) and healthy individuals. We recruited 35 IBS-C patients and 23 healthy subjects, from which 12 and 11 carried Blastocystis, respectively. We performed 16S and 18S rRNA high-throughput sequencing on feces. Whereas we did not observe differences between infected and non-infected controls, several phyla were significantly modified in IBS-C patients according to the presence of Blastocystis. Tenericutes phylum and Ruminococcaceae family were especially increased in Blastocystis carriers. Furthermore, colonization with Blastocystis was associated with discrete changes in the microbial eukaryome, particularly among the Fungi taxa. Depending on the group of patients considered, the mycobiota changes do not go in the same direction and seem more deleterious in the IBS-C group. These results encourage further in vivo and in vitro investigations concerning the role of Blastocystis in the gut environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Nourrisson
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 3IHP, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Scanzi
- Service de Médecine Digestive et Hépatobiliaire, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julie Brunet
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 3IHP, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Michel Dapoigny
- Service de Médecine Digestive et Hépatobiliaire, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Poirier
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 3IHP, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Kaczmarek A, Sobociński W, Wesołowska M, Gołąb E, Kołodziej-Sobocińska M, Sałamatin R. Blastocystis occurrence and subtype diversity in wild European terrestrial mammals - The case of Białowieża Primeval Forest (NE Poland). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2021; 16:120-125. [PMID: 34552843 PMCID: PMC8441101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Blastocystis cf. Blastocystis hominis is the most common unicellular parasite found in human and animal intestines. Little is known about the life cycle, transmission and mechanisms of pathogenesis for this parasite. The aim of this study was to obtain new data on the genetic diversity of Blastocystis in selected species of mammals found in the Białowieża Primeval Forest (BPF), Poland, the best preserved lowland forest in temperate Europe. 113 faecal samples were collected in the period 2018–2020 from seven species of wild mammals occurring within the Polish part of BPF and its surroundings. Blastocystis was detected by molecular amplification and sequencing the small subunit rRNA gene. The overall prevalence of Blastocystis in animals was 8.9%. A larger number of stool samples (90) were collected from European bison and only for this species was it possible to calculate the prevalence of infection (5.6%). The isolates obtained from European bison were classified as ST1, ST3, ST5, ST7. Blastocystis was also detected in the grey wolf (Canis lupus) (ST5), wild boar (Sus scrofa) (ST5) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) (ST1). In conclusion, for the first time we have demonstrated the presence of Blastocystis in wild European bison. Preliminary studies have shown that Blastocystis is present in at least 4 species of wild mammals in the BPF area and that it exhibits great genetic diversity. Blastocystis is present in wild mammals in the Białowieża Primeval Forest Blastocystis in the Białowieża Primeval Forest exhibits great genetic diversity Intra-species and interspecific transmission of Blastocystis in Białowieża Primeval Forest is highly probable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kaczmarek
- Faculty of Medicine. Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Kazimierza Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Sobociński
- Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Maria Wesołowska
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Wrocław Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 9, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Gołąb
- Polish Parasitological Society, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Rusłan Sałamatin
- Faculty of Medicine. Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Kazimierza Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland.,Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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Popruk S, Adao DEV, Rivera WL. Epidemiology and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in humans: A review. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 95:105085. [PMID: 34530156 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Blastocystis is a commonly encountered gastrointestinal protozoan in humans and animals with uncertain pathogenicity. Despite its potential public health impact, epidemiological data regarding the prevalence and molecular subtype (ST) distribution of Blastocystis have been rarely reported. Among Blastocystis STs, ST1-ST4 are common in humans, including healthy and immunodeficient populations. According to the Chi-squared (χ2) association based on the data compiled for this cross-sectional study, the presence of ST1 is associated with asymptomatic infection, whereas the presence of ST4 is associated with symptomatic infection. However, cross-sectional studies cannot clarify the potential pathogenicity of Blastocystis, unlike in vivo and in vitro studies. Poor hygiene, poor sanitation and zoonotic transmission are possible factors associated with high Blastocystis prevalence, although this protozoan may be part of the normal healthy human gastrointestinal microbiota. This review covers the prevalence, STs and distribution of Blastocystis infection in humans. Thus, future epidemiological and subtyping studies could reveal new STs in humans as well as possible associations of STs with disease, drug resistance and related mechanisms such as protease activity. These associations with proper ST identification may facilitate the control of potential threats to host health, including the direct pathogenic effects of Blastocystis or alterations of the gastrointestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supaluk Popruk
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Davin Edric V Adao
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Windell L Rivera
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines.
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Boutellis A, Aissi M, Harhoura K, Drali R, Kernif T, Tazerouti F. First molecular characterization of Blastocystis subtypes from animals and animal-keepers stool in Algeria. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 78:101695. [PMID: 34416484 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is one of the most common enteric parasites found in humans and many non-human hosts. It is an anaerobic protozoan that belongs to the group of Stramenopiles. Based on phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal DNA genes, at least 17 subtypes (ST1-ST17) are described. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize Blastocystis sp. in stool samples from various animal groups and animal-keepers. Overall, 29/70 (41.43%) animals and 7/60 (11.66%) humans sampled were positive for Blastocystis sp. using microscopy. The sequencing of the partial 18S small subunit ribosomal DNA gene (SSU rDNA) revealed the presence of five haplotypes corresponding to ST2 and ST3 in humans, and ST2, ST3, ST7, and ST10 in animals. This is the first report of Blastocystis subtypes in animals in Algeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Boutellis
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Environnement: Interaction, Génome, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Alger, Algeria.
| | - Miriem Aissi
- Laboratoire de Santé et Production Animale. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire Rabie Bouchama, Oued Smar, Alger, Algeria
| | - Khaled Harhoura
- Laboratoire de Santé et Production Animale. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire Rabie Bouchama, Oued Smar, Alger, Algeria
| | - Rezak Drali
- Plateforme Génomique - Bioinformatique, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, 16302, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Tahar Kernif
- Laboratoire d'Eco-Epidémiologie Parasitaire et Génétique des Populations, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, Dély Brahim, Alger, Algeria
| | - Fadila Tazerouti
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Environnement: Interaction, Génome, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Alger, Algeria
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Genotypes of Blastocystis sp. among elderly health checkup people in South Korea with a questionnaire on risk factors. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3297-3306. [PMID: 34351493 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07274-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is a common zoonotic intestinal parasite of humans and animals, and has been classified into at least 17 distinct subtypes. Despite its potential impact on public health, the prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. have seldom been the study subject in South Korea. To determine the prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. and to obtain information on risk factors, we performed a cross-sectional study targeting elderly health checkup people, who visited Seoul Western Branch of the Korea Association of Health Promotion (KAHP) in October 2019. Stool samples were collected from 293 participants consisting of 128 males and 165 females with a mean age of 64.7 years (from 50 to 88 years) with a questionnaire on potential risk factors. All the samples were tested by PCR targeting the SSU rRNA gene of Blastocystis sp., and nucleotide sequences of positive samples were used to identify the subtypes. The overall prevalence of Blastocystis sp. was 9.2% (27/293). Among the positive samples, subtype 3 was predominant (59%; 16/27), followed by subtype 1 (41%; 11/27). No other subtypes were detected. In the univariable analysis, the age, sex, presence of digestive symptoms, source of drinking water, and history of drug intake were not significantly associated with Blastocystis sp. infection. Two parameters, including the Enterococcus hirae bacterial infection and the frequency of intake of cooked or boiled vegetables less than twice a week, showed statistical significance. However, the multivariable regression analysis revealed that only the latter parameter was statistically significant. The results suggested that subtypes 3 and 1 are the 2 major genotypes of Blastocystis sp. among elderly people in South Korea, and low frequency of consuming cooked or boiled vegetables is a potential risk factor.
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Investigation of Isolated Blastocystis Subtypes from Cancer Patients in Turkey. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:584-592. [PMID: 33387270 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is not clear that Blastocystis remains without damage to the digestive tract or has a pathogenic effect in relation to subtypes in immunocompromised people, such as cancer patients. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in cancer patients who were followed-up and treated in the Oncology clinic of Firat University Hospital and to determine the clinical signs of infected sufferers. METHODS 201 patients aged ≥ 18 with a diagnosis of cancer were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Patients' stool samples were examined between September 2017 and August 2019 by native-Lugol, trichrome staining. Microscopy-positive stool samples were subjected to DNA isolation and subtyped by Sequence Tagged Site (STS)-PCR analysis. The symptoms and demographic characteristics of the patients were also evaluated. RESULTS Totally, 29 (14.4%) samples were positive for Blastocystis after all methods. 15 (51.7%) out of 29 samples were successfully subtyped by the sequenced-tagged site(STS)-PCR, while 14 (48.3%) could not be typed. Three subtypes of Blastocystis were detected: ST3 (40%), ST2 (33%), ST1 (20%), and one mixed infections with ST1/ST2 (6%). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of clinical findings and demographic characteristics. CONCLUSION The outcomes of our study promote the idea that Blastocystis could be an asymptomatic and harmless commensal organism. However, more comprehensive molecular and clinical studies are needed to fully determine the pathogenicity and epidemiology of Blastocystis in cancer patients.
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Occurrence of Ten Protozoan Enteric Pathogens in Three Non-Human Primate Populations. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030280. [PMID: 33801236 PMCID: PMC8001678 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-human primate populations act as potential reservoirs for human pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and parasites, which can lead to zoonotic infections. Furthermore, intestinal microorganisms may be pathogenic organisms to both non-human primates and humans. It is, therefore, essential to study the prevalence of these infectious agents in captive and wild non-human primates. This study aimed at showing the prevalence of the most frequently encountered human enteric protozoa in non-human primate populations based on qPCR detection. The three populations studied were common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in Senegal and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) in the Republic of the Congo and in the Beauval Zoo (France). Blastocystis spp. were mainly found, with an occurrence close to 100%, followed by Balantidiumcoli (23.7%), Giardiaintestinalis (7.9%), Encephalitozoonintestinalis (1.3%) and Dientamoebafragilis (0.2%). None of the following protozoa were detected: Entamoebahistolytica, Enterocytozoonbieneusi, Cryptosporidiumparvum, C. hominis, Cyclosporacayetanensis or Cystoisosporabelli. As chimpanzees and gorillas are genetically close to humans, it is important to monitor them frequently against different pathogens to protect these endangered species and to assess potential zoonotic transmissions to humans.
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Blastocystis sp. Prevalence and Subtypes Distribution amongst Syrian Refugee Communities Living in North Lebanon. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010184. [PMID: 33467077 PMCID: PMC7830609 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular data concerning the prevalence and subtype (ST) distribution of the intestinal parasite Blastocystis sp. remain scarce in the Middle East. Accordingly, we performed the first molecular epidemiological survey ever conducted in the Syrian population. A total of 306 stool samples were collected from Syrian refugees living in 26 informal tented settlements (ITS) subjected or not to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions in North Lebanon, then screened for the presence of Blastocystis sp. by real-time polymerase chain reaction followed by subtyping. The overall prevalence of the parasite was shown to reach 63.7%. Blastocystis sp. colonization was not significantly associated with gender, age, symptomatic status, abdominal pain or diarrhea. In contrast, WASH intervention status of ITS was identified as a risk factor for infection. Among a total of 164 subtyped isolates, ST3 was predominant, followed by ST1, ST2, and ST10. No particular ST was reported to be associated with age, gender, symptomatic status, digestive disorders, or WASH intervention status of ITS. Intra-ST diversity of ST1 to ST3 was low suggesting large-scale anthroponotic transmission. Moreover, comparative analysis of ST1 to ST3 genotypes revealed that the circulation of the parasite between Syrian refugees and the host population was likely limited.
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Maleev VV, Tokmalaev AK, Kozhevnikova GM, Tsvetkova NA, Polovinkina NA, Golub VP, Maksimova MS, Barysheva IV, Konnov VV, Kharlamova TV. [Current view on Blastocystis species: clinical forms, diagnosis and treatment]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2020; 92:86-90. [PMID: 33720611 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.11.000816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The symptomatic form of Blastocystis spp. infection not only with mild diarrhea or dysentery-like syndrome, but also with the development of severe ulcerative necrotic lesions of the intestine. Meanwhile, the pathogenicity of these microorganisms should not be exaggerated, due to majority asymptomatic cases or infection transmission with minor impaired bowel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Maleev
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology
| | | | | | | | | | - V P Golub
- People's Friendship University of Russia
| | - M S Maksimova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | | | - V V Konnov
- People's Friendship University of Russia
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Khorshidvand Z, Khazaei S, Amiri M, Taherkhani H, Mirzaei A. Worldwide prevalence of emerging parasite Blastocystis in immunocompromised patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2020; 152:104615. [PMID: 33246090 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blastocystis is one of the most common pathogens of the human intestine, caused by an emerging parasite, which can lead to severe symptoms and even death in immunocompromised patients. We aimed to determine the global prevalence of Blastocystosis infection in people with immunodeficiency. A systematic literature search was conducted on Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar, Science Direct and MEDLINE databases to select all observational studies reporting the prevalence of Blastocystosis infection in Worldwide, based on different diagnostic methods in immunocompromised patients of any age and published from inception to February 2019. Pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using random effects models and in addition, the I2 statistic was calculated. The geographic distribution of studies was evaluated and the diagnosis of Blastocystis was compared by various techniques. Electronic databases were reviewed for Blastocystosis infection in HIV/AIDS, cancer and other immunocompromised patients, and meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the overall estimated prevalence. Total68 eligible studies were included. The estimated pooled prevalence rate of Blastocystosis infection in immunocompromised patients was overall 10% (95% CI, 7-13%; I2 96.04%) (P < 0.001), of whom 21% [18-25] were in Australia, 12% [4-24] in America, 11% [6-17] in Europe and 10% [5-15], 7% [3-13] in Asia and Africa, respectively. It was calculated that the estimated pooled prevalence rate of Blastocystosis infection in immunocompromised patients was overall 10% and the prevalence estimates ranged from 0.44 to 72.39. Also, overall the prevalence of parasites co-infection in immunocompromised patients was detected as 0.024%. Our finding showed that immunocompromised people show a high prevalence of Blastocystosis infection compared to the control population. Adequate information on the prevalence rate is still missing from many countries. However, current information underscore that Blastocystis should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Khorshidvand
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Salman Khazaei
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - MohamadReza Amiri
- Department of medical Library and Information Science, Faculty of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heshmatollah Taherkhani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Asad Mirzaei
- Department of Parasitology, School of Allied Medical Science, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Zoonotic Diseases ResearchCenter, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran.
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