1
|
Yue H, Bai L. Progress, implications, and challenges in using humanized immune system mice in CAR-T therapy-Application evaluation and improvement. Animal Model Exp Med 2024; 7:3-11. [PMID: 37823214 PMCID: PMC10961865 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, humanized immune system (HIS) mice have been gradually used as models for preclinical research in pharmacotherapies and cell therapies with major breakthroughs in tumor and other fields, better mimicking the human immune system and the tumor immune microenvironment, compared to traditional immunodeficient mice. To better promote the application of HIS mice in preclinical research, we selectively summarize the current prevalent and breakthrough research and evaluation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) -T cells in various antiviral and antitumor treatments. By exploring its application in preclinical research, we find that it can better reflect the actual clinical patient condition, with the advantages of providing high-efficiency detection indicators, even for progressive research and development. We believe that it has better clinical patient simulation and promotion for the updated design of CAR-T cell therapy than directly transplanted immunodeficient mice. The characteristics of the main models are proposed to improve the use defects of the existing models by reducing the limitation of antihost reaction, combining multiple models, and unifying sources and organoid substitution. Strategy study of relapse and toxicity after CAR-T treatment also provides more possibilities for application and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanwei Yue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesCAMS and PUMCChao‐yang District, BeijingChina
| | - Lin Bai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesCAMS and PUMCChao‐yang District, BeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Behzadi A, imani S, Deravi N, Mohammad Taheri Z, mohammadian F, moraveji Z, Shavysi S, Mostafaloo M, Soleimani Hadidi F, Nanbakhsh S, Olangian-Tehrani S, Marabi MH, behshood P, Poudineh M, Kheirandish A, Keylani K, Behfarnia P. Antiviral Potential of Melissa officinalis L.: A Literature Review. Nutr Metab Insights 2023; 16:11786388221146683. [PMID: 36655201 PMCID: PMC9841880 DOI: 10.1177/11786388221146683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of synthetic drugs has increased in recent years; however, herbal medicine is yet more trusted among a huge population worldwide; This could be due to minimal side effects, affordable prices, and traditional beliefs. Lemongrass (Melissa officinalis) has been widely used for reducing stress and anxiety, increasing appetite and sleep, reducing pain, healing wounds, and treating poisonous insect bites and bee stings for a long time. Today, research has shown that this plant can also fight viruses including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) through various mechanisms such as inhibiting HSV-1 from binding to host cell, inhibiting HSV-1 replication during the post-adsorption or inhibiting main protease and spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, furthermore, be effective in treating related diseases. This Review investigated the antiviral properties of Melissa officinalis and its effect on viral diseases. More in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to determine Melissa officinaliss underlying mechanism, and more randomized controlled trials should be done to identify its effect in humans. Also, due to the usefulness and lack of side effects, it can be used more as a complementary medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Behzadi
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Avicennet, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh imani
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - fatemeh mohammadian
- Student Research Committee, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - zahra moraveji
- Student Research Committee, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sepideh Shavysi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Mostafaloo
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Soleimani Hadidi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Nanbakhsh
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Avicennet, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Olangian-Tehrani
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Avicennet, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hesam Marabi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa behshood
- Department of Microbiology, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Poudineh
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran,Mohadeseh Poudineh, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran-Zanjan-Shahrake Karmandan-12th Street, Zanjan, 4513956111, Iran.
| | - Ali Kheirandish
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Kimia Keylani
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooya Behfarnia
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Pooya Behfarnia, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Avenue, Isfahan, 19839-6311, Iran. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Valbuena G, Rockx B, Escaffre O. Generation and Characterization of a Humanized Lung Xenograft Mouse Model for Studying Henipavirus Pathogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2682:191-204. [PMID: 37610583 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3283-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of humanized mouse models has recently opened new avenues in the field of infectious diseases. These models allow research on many human viruses that were once difficult to study, because finding suitable animal models of infection can be challenging, cost prohibitive, and often do not entirely recapitulate all parameters of the disease. Here, we describe the procedure of human immune system reconstitution (humanization) of NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice by the bone marrow, liver, and thymus (BLT) reconstitution method as well as the process of human lung engraftment. We then describe how to infect these human lung grafts with the paramyxovirus Nipah virus (NiV) that can cause lethal respiratory disease in humans, and for which there is only limited understanding of pathogenesis to acute lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barry Rockx
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Institute, Lelystad and Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Escaffre
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
SARS-CoV-2 Variant-Specific Infectivity and Immune Profiles Are Detectable in a Humanized Lung Mouse Model. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102272. [PMID: 36298826 PMCID: PMC9612296 DOI: 10.3390/v14102272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Small animal models that accurately model pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 variants are required for ongoing research efforts. We modified our human immune system mouse model to support replication of SARS-CoV-2 by implantation of human lung tissue into the mice to create TKO-BLT-Lung (L) mice and compared infection with two different variants in a humanized lung model. Infection of TKO-BLT-L mice with SARS-CoV-2 recapitulated the higher infectivity of the B.1.1.7 variant with more animals becoming infected and higher sustained viral loads compared to mice challenged with an early B lineage (614D) virus. Viral lesions were observed in lung organoids but no differences were detected between the viral variants as expected. Partially overlapping but distinct immune profiles were also observed between the variants with a greater Th1 profile in VIDO-01 and greater Th2 profile in B.1.1.7 infection. Overall, the TKO-BLT-L mouse supported SARS-CoV-2 infection, recapitulated key known similarities and differences in infectivity and pathogenesis as well as revealing previously unreported differences in immune responses between the two viral variants. Thus, the TKO-BLT-L model may serve as a useful animal model to study the immunopathobiology of newly emerging variants in the context of genuine human lung tissue and immune cells.
Collapse
|
5
|
Okoroafor ON, Ogunniran TM, Ikenna-Ezeh NH, Udeani IJ, Omeke JN, Ezema WS, Anene B. Effects of dietary supplementation of Vitamins E and C on oxidative stress induced by a Nigerian velogenic strain of the Newcastle disease virus (KUDU 113) in the brain and bursa of Fabricius of broiler chickens. Vet World 2021; 14:2452-2461. [PMID: 34840466 PMCID: PMC8613796 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2452-2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) is widely recognized as an extremely harmful and contagious disease of birds. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of oxidative stress induced by the virulent ND virus (NDV) (KUDU 113) on the plasma, brain, bursa of Fabricius, NDV antibody response, and hematology as well as the ameliorative effect of the individual or combined use of Vitamins E and C on the clinical signs of NDV-infected chickens. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 150 broiler chickens were included and divided into five groups: Group 1, nonsupplemented and unchallenged chickens (UCC); Group 2, nonsupplemented and challenged chickens (ICC); Group 3, Vitamin C-supplemented + challenged chickens; Group 4, Vitamin E-supplemented + challenged chickens; and Group 5, Vitamins E and C-supplemented + challenged chickens. Groups 3, 4, and 5 were supplemented with Vitamins E and C (33 and 400 mg/kg/day, respectively). Virus challenge was done with 0.1 ml of KUDU 113 7 days after the start of vitamin inclusion in their diet. Concentrations of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were analyzed in the plasma, brain, and bursa on days 0, 3, and 7 post-infection (pi) using the biochemical method. The blood samples were randomly collected from five chickens in each group for antibody response and hematological analyses on day 0 previtamin treatment and at 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days pi (dpi). Results: A significant increase in the concentrations of MDA and NO in the NDV-challenged chickens was observed when compared with the UCCs. Moreover, a significant decrease in GSH concentration was observed in the NDV-challenged chickens when compared with the UCCs. The activities of CAT and SOD were reduced markedly in the NDV-challenged chickens. Increases in the mean antibody titers were observed in the NDV-challenged group when compared with the UCCs from days 3 to 21 pi. The mortality rates of groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 0%, 30%, 3.3%, 3.3%, and 26.6%, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that KUDU 113 causes oxidative stress in the brain and bursa of Fabricius of chickens. Individual supplementation with Vitamin E or C was found to be more effective in ameliorating oxidative stress, improving the immune response, and reducing mortality in KUDU 113 infections than the combined supplementation of Vitamins C and E.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obianuju Nkiruka Okoroafor
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Nkechi Harriet Ikenna-Ezeh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Ikechukwu John Udeani
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Jacinta Ngozi Omeke
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Wilfred Sunday Ezema
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Boniface Anene
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Endsley JJ, Huante MB, Naqvi KF, Gelman BB, Endsley MA. Advancing our understanding of HIV co-infections and neurological disease using the humanized mouse. Retrovirology 2021; 18:14. [PMID: 34134725 PMCID: PMC8206883 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanized mice have become an important workhorse model for HIV research. Advances that enabled development of a human immune system in immune deficient mouse strains have aided new basic research in HIV pathogenesis and immune dysfunction. The small animal features facilitate development of clinical interventions that are difficult to study in clinical cohorts, and avoid the high cost and regulatory burdens of using non-human primates. The model also overcomes the host restriction of HIV for human immune cells which limits discovery and translational research related to important co-infections of people living with HIV. In this review we emphasize recent advances in modeling bacterial and viral co-infections in the setting of HIV in humanized mice, especially neurological disease, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV co-infections. Applications of current and future co-infection models to address important clinical and research questions are further discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janice J Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
| | - Matthew B Huante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Kubra F Naqvi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Benjamin B Gelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Mark A Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dawes BE, Freiberg AN. Henipavirus infection of the central nervous system. Pathog Dis 2020; 77:5462651. [PMID: 30985897 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus are highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses of the genus Henipavirus, family Paramyxoviridae. These viruses were first identified as the causative agents of severe respiratory and encephalitic disease in the 1990s across Australia and Southern Asia with mortality rates reaching up to 75%. While outbreaks of Nipah and Hendra virus infections remain rare and sporadic, there is concern that NiV has pandemic potential. Despite increased attention, little is understood about the neuropathogenesis of henipavirus infection. Neuropathogenesis appears to arise from dual mechanisms of vascular disease and direct parenchymal brain infection, but the relative contributions remain unknown while respiratory disease arises from vasculitis and respiratory epithelial cell infection. This review will address NiV basic clinical disease, pathology and pathogenesis with a particular focus on central nervous system (CNS) infection and address the necessity of a model of relapsed CNS infection. Additionally, the innate immune responses to NiV infection in vitro and in the CNS are reviewed as it is likely linked to any persistent CNS infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Dawes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Alexander N Freiberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA.,Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA.,Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Escaffre O, Hill T, Ikegami T, Juelich TL, Smith JK, Zhang L, Perez DE, Atkins C, Park A, Lawrence WS, Sivasubramani SK, Peel JE, Peterson JW, Lee B, Freiberg AN. Experimental Infection of Syrian Hamsters With Aerosolized Nipah Virus. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:1602-1610. [PMID: 29912426 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nipah virus (NiV) is a paramyxovirus (genus Henipavirus) that can cause severe respiratory illness and encephalitis in humans. Transmission occurs through consumption of NiV-contaminated foods, and contact with NiV-infected animals or human body fluids. However, it is unclear whether aerosols derived from aforesaid sources or others also contribute to transmission, and current knowledge on NiV-induced pathogenicity after small-particle aerosol exposure is still limited. Methods Infectivity, pathogenicity, and real-time dissemination of aerosolized NiV in Syrian hamsters was evaluated using NiV-Malaysia (NiV-M) and/or its recombinant expressing firefly luciferase (rNiV-FlucNP). Results Both viruses had an equivalent pathogenicity in hamsters, which developed respiratory and neurological symptoms of disease, similar to using intranasal route, with no direct correlations to the dose. We showed that virus replication was predominantly initiated in the lower respiratory tract and, although delayed, also intensely in the oronasal cavity and possibly the brain, with gradual increase of signal in these regions until at least day 5-6 postinfection. Conclusion Hamsters infected with small-particle aerosolized NiV undergo similar clinical manifestations of the disease as previously described using liquid inoculum, and exhibit histopathological lesions consistent with NiV patient reports. NiV droplets could therefore play a role in transmission by close contact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Escaffre
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Terence Hill
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Tetsuro Ikegami
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.,Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.,Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Terry L Juelich
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Jennifer K Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - David E Perez
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Colm Atkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Arnold Park
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - William S Lawrence
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | | | - Jennifer E Peel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Johnny W Peterson
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alexander N Freiberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.,Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.,Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Injury in Human Lung Epithelial A549 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163975. [PMID: 31443288 PMCID: PMC6720512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung tissues are frequently exposed to a hyperoxia environment, which leads to oxidative stress injuries. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is widely implicated in physiological and pathological processes and its antioxidant effect has attracted much attention. Therefore, in this study, we used hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidative damage model to investigate the protective mechanism of H2S in lung injury. Cell death induced by H2O2 treatment could be significantly attenuated by the pre-treatment of H2S, resulting in a decrease in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the inhibition of caspase-3 activity in human lung epithelial cell line A549 cells. Additionally, the results showed that H2S decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as neutralized the damaging effects of H2O2 in mitochondria energy-producing and cell metabolism. Pre-treatment of H2S also decreased H2O2-induced suppression of endogenous H2S production enzymes, cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE), and 3-mercapto-pyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST). Furthermore, the administration of H2S attenuated [Ca2+] overload and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Therefore, H2S might be a potential therapeutic agent for reducing ROS and ER stress-associated apoptosis against H2O2-induced lung injury.
Collapse
|
10
|
Vitamin E Supplementation Ameliorates Newcastle Disease Virus-Induced Oxidative Stress and Alleviates Tissue Damage in the Brains of Chickens. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040173. [PMID: 29614025 PMCID: PMC5923467 DOI: 10.3390/v10040173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), characterized by visceral, respiratory, and neurological pathologies, causes heavy economic loss in the poultry industry around the globe. While significant advances have been made in effective diagnosis and vaccine development, molecular mechanisms of ND virus (NDV)-induced neuropathologies remain elusive. In this study, we report the magnitude of oxidative stress and histopathological changes induced by the virulent NDV (ZJ1 strain) and assess the impact of vitamin E in alleviating these pathologies. Comparative profiling of plasma and brains from mock and NDV-infected chicken demonstrated alterations in several oxidative stress makers such as nitric oxide, glutathione, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalases. While decreased levels of glutathione and total antioxidant capacity and increased concentrations of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were observed in NDV-challenged birds at all time points, these alterations were eminent at latter time points (5 days post infection). Additionally, significant decreases in the activities of glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were observed in the plasma and brains collected from NDV-infected chickens. Intriguingly, we observed that supplementation of vitamin E can significantly reduce the alteration of oxidative stress parameters. Under NDV infection, extensive histopathological alterations were observed in chicken brain including neural inflammation, capillary hyperemia, necrosis, and loss of prominent axons, which were reduced with the treatment of vitamin E. Taken together, our findings highlight that neurotropic NDV induces extensive tissue damage in the brain and alters plasma oxidative stress profiles. These findings also demonstrate that supplementing vitamin E ameliorates these pathologies in chickens and proposes its supplementation for NDV-induced stresses.
Collapse
|
11
|
Leon AJ, Borisevich V, Boroumand N, Seymour R, Nusbaum R, Escaffre O, Xu L, Kelvin DJ, Rockx B. Host gene expression profiles in ferrets infected with genetically distinct henipavirus strains. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006343. [PMID: 29538374 PMCID: PMC5868854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Henipavirus infection causes severe respiratory and neurological disease in humans that can be fatal. To characterize the pathogenic mechanisms of henipavirus infection in vivo, we performed experimental infections in ferrets followed by genome-wide gene expression analysis of lung and brain tissues. The Hendra, Nipah-Bangladesh, and Nipah-Malaysia strains caused severe respiratory and neurological disease with animals succumbing around 7 days post infection. Despite the presence of abundant viral shedding, animal-to-animal transmission did not occur. The host gene expression profiles of the lung tissue showed early activation of interferon responses and subsequent expression of inflammation-related genes that coincided with the clinical deterioration. Additionally, the lung tissue showed unchanged levels of lymphocyte markers and progressive downregulation of cell cycle genes and extracellular matrix components. Infection in the brain resulted in a limited breadth of the host responses, which is in accordance with the immunoprivileged status of this organ. Finally, we propose a model of the pathogenic mechanisms of henipavirus infection that integrates multiple components of the host responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J. Leon
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Institute of Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Nahal Boroumand
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Robert Seymour
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Institute of Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Nusbaum
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Olivier Escaffre
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Luoling Xu
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J. Kelvin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PRC
- * E-mail: (DJK); (BR)
| | - Barry Rockx
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Institute of Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (DJK); (BR)
| |
Collapse
|