1
|
Zhou CJ, Zhang C, Lu LF, Li S. Fish ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) inhibits IFN production through autophagy-lysosomal dependent degradation of IRF7. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 156:105181. [PMID: 38636698 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) is considered the master regulator of virus-induced interferon (IFN) production. However, to avoid an autoimmune response, the expression of IRF7 must be tightly controlled. In this study, we report that zebrafish ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) promotes IRF7 degradation through an autophagy-lysosome-dependent pathway to inhibit IFN production. First, zebrafish usp8 is induced upon spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection and polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) stimulation. Second, overexpression of USP8 suppresses SVCV or poly I:C-mediated IFN expression. Mechanistically, USP8 interacts with IRF7 and promotes its degradation via an autophagy-lysosome-dependent pathway. Finally, USP8 significantly suppresses cellular antiviral responses and enhances SVCV proliferation. In summary, our discoveries offer a perspective on the role of zebrafish USP8 and provide additional understanding of the regulation of IRF7 in host antiviral immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Jing Zhou
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Feng Lu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Shun Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Upton C, Healey J, Rothnie AJ, Goddard AD. Insights into membrane interactions and their therapeutic potential. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 755:109939. [PMID: 38387829 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Recent research into membrane interactions has uncovered a diverse range of therapeutic opportunities through the bioengineering of human and non-human macromolecules. Although the majority of this research is focussed on fundamental developments, emerging studies are showcasing promising new technologies to combat conditions such as cancer, Alzheimer's and inflammatory and immune-based disease, utilising the alteration of bacteriophage, adenovirus, bacterial toxins, type 6 secretion systems, annexins, mitochondrial antiviral signalling proteins and bacterial nano-syringes. To advance the field further, each of these opportunities need to be better understood, and the therapeutic models need to be further optimised. Here, we summarise the knowledge and insights into several membrane interactions and detail their current and potential uses therapeutically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calum Upton
- School of Biosciences, Health & Life Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Joseph Healey
- Nanosyrinx, The Venture Centre, University of Warwick Science Park, Coventry, CV4 7EZ, UK
| | - Alice J Rothnie
- School of Biosciences, Health & Life Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Alan D Goddard
- School of Biosciences, Health & Life Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Serene LG, Webber K, Champion PA, Schorey JS. Mycobacterium tuberculosis SecA2-dependent activation of host Rig-I/MAVs signaling is not conserved in Mycobacterium marinum. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0281564. [PMID: 38394154 PMCID: PMC10889897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid inducible gene I (Rig-I) is a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor canonically described for its important role in sensing viral RNAs. Increasingly, bacterially-derived RNA from intracellular bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, have been shown to activate the same host Rig-I/Mitochondrial antiviral sensing protein (MAVS) signaling pathway to drive a type-I interferon response that contributes to bacterial pathogenesis in vivo. In M. tuberculosis, this response is mediated by the protein secretion system SecA2, but little is known about whether this process is conserved in other pathogenic mycobacteria or the mechanism by which these nucleic acids gain access to the host cytoplasm. Because the M. tuberculosis and M. marinum SecA2 protein secretion systems share a high degree of genetic and functional conservation, we hypothesized that Rig-I/MAVS activation and subsequent induction of IFN-β secretion by host macrophages will also be conserved between these two mycobacterial species. To test this, we generated a ΔsecA2 M. marinum strain along with complementation strains expressing either the M. marinum or M. tuberculosis secA2 genes. Our results suggest that the ΔsecA2 strain has a growth defect in vitro but not in host macrophages. These intracellular growth curves also suggested that the calculation applied to estimate the number of bacteria added to macrophage monolayers in infection assays underestimates bacterial inputs for the ΔsecA2 strain. Therefore, to better examine secreted IFN-β levels when bacterial infection levels are equal across strains we plated bacterial CFUs at 2hpi alongside our ELISA based infections. This enabled us to normalize secreted levels of IFN-β to a standard number of bacteria. Applying this approach to both WT and MAVS-/- bone marrow derived macrophages we observed equal or higher levels of secreted IFN-β from macrophages infected with the ΔsecA2 M. marinum strain as compared to WT. Together our findings suggest that activation of host Rig-I/MAVS cytosolic sensors and subsequent induction of IFN-β response in a SecA2-dependent manner is not conserved in M. marinum under the conditions tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay G. Serene
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Kylie Webber
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Champion
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S. Schorey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu GQ, Chen MJ, Wang YJ, Liu YQ, Zuo MZ, Zhang ZH, Li GX, Liu BZ, Li M. Zebrafish spop promotes ubiquitination and degradation of mavs to suppress antiviral response via the lysosomal pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128451. [PMID: 38029910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) signaling pathways are required to be tightly controlled to initiate host innate immune responses. Fish mitochondrial antiviral signaling (mavs) is a key determinant in the RLR pathway, and its ubiquitination is associated with mavs activation. Here, we identified the zebrafish E3 ubiquitin ligase Speckle-type BTB-POZ protein (spop) negatively regulates mavs-mediated the type I interferon (IFN) responses. Consistently, overexpression of zebrafish spop repressed the activity of IFN promoter and reduced host ifn transcription, whereas knockdown spop by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection had the opposite effects. Accordingly, overexpression of spop dampened the cellular antiviral responses triggered by spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). A functional domain assay revealed that the N-terminal substrate-binding MATH domain regions of spop were necessary for IFN suppression. Further assays indicated that spop interacts with mavs through the C-terminal transmembrane (TM) domain of mavs. Moreover, zebrafish spop selectively promotes K48-linked polyubiquitination and degradation of mavs through the lysosomal pathway to suppress IFN expression. Our findings unearth a post-translational mechanism by which mavs is regulated and reveal a role for spop in inhibiting antiviral innate responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Qing Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Meng-Juan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Yi-Jie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Yu-Qing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Ming-Zhong Zuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Zi-Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Guo-Xi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Bian-Zhi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang L, Song Y, Yan X, Xu T. A novel protein encoded by circVPS13D attenuates antiviral innate immunity by targeting MAVS in teleost fish. J Virol 2023; 97:e0088623. [PMID: 37843373 PMCID: PMC10688384 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00886-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The expression of circVPS13D was upregulated with SCRV invasion, which proved that circVPS13D was involved in the regulation of the antiviral immune response. Our study revealed that the existence of circVPS13D promoted the replication of SCRV. Functionally, circVPS13D negatively regulates the antiviral responses of fish. Mechanistically, we confirmed that circVPS13D inhibited RLRs antiviral signaling pathway via the encoded protein VPS13D-170aa by targeting MAVS. Our study provided novel insights into the roles of protein-coding circRNAs and supported VPS13D-170aa as a negative regulator in the antiviral immune responses of teleost fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linchao Wang
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Song
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Yan
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu LF, Li ZC, Zhang C, Chen DD, Han KJ, Zhou XY, Wang XL, Li XY, Zhou L, Li S. Zebrafish TMEM47 is an effective blocker of IFN production during RNA and DNA virus infection. J Virol 2023; 97:e0143423. [PMID: 37882518 PMCID: PMC10688382 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01434-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING) are key adaptor proteins required for innate immune responses to RNA and DNA virus infection. Here, we show that zebrafish transmembrane protein 47 (TMEM47) plays a critical role in regulating MAVS- and STING-triggered IFN production in a negative feedback manner. TMEM47 interacted with MAVS and STING for autophagic degradation, and ATG5 was essential for this process. These findings suggest the inhibitory function of TMEM47 on MAVS- and STING-mediated signaling responses during RNA and DNA virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long-Feng Lu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo-Cong Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Jia Han
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Li Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Xi-Yin Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shun Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kembou-Ringert JE, Steinhagen D, Thompson KD, Daly JM, Adamek M. Immune responses to Tilapia lake virus infection: what we know and what we don't know. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1240094. [PMID: 37622112 PMCID: PMC10445761 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a novel contagious pathogen associated with a lethal disease affecting and decimating tilapia populations on several continents across the globe. Fish viral diseases, such as Tilapia lake virus disease (TiLVD), represent a serious threat to tilapia aquaculture. Therefore, a better understanding of the innate immune responses involved in establishing an antiviral state can help shed light on TiLV disease pathogenesis. Moreover, understanding the adaptive immune mechanisms involved in mounting protection against TiLV could greatly assist in the development of vaccination strategies aimed at controlling TiLVD. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the immune responses following TiLV infection. After describing the main pathological findings associated with TiLVD, both the innate and adaptive immune responses and mechanisms to TiLV infection are discussed, in both disease infection models and in vitro studies. In addition, our work, highlights research questions, knowledge gaps and research areas in the immunology of TiLV infection where further studies are needed to better understand how disease protection against TiLV is established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Japhette E. Kembou-Ringert
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kim D. Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Janet M. Daly
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - Mikolaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ramnani B, Powell S, Shetty AG, Manivannan P, Hibbard BR, Leaman DW, Malathi K. Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus Activates Integrated Stress Response Pathway and Induces Stress Granules to Regulate Virus Replication. Viruses 2023; 15:466. [PMID: 36851680 PMCID: PMC9965902 DOI: 10.3390/v15020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus infection activates integrated stress response (ISR) and stress granule (SG) formation and viruses counteract by interfering with SG assembly, suggesting an important role in antiviral defense. The infection of fish cells by Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV), activates the innate immune recognition pathway and the production of type I interferon (IFN). However, the mechanisms by which VHSV interacts with ISR pathway regulating SG formation is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that fish cells respond to heat shock, oxidative stress and VHSV infection by forming SG that localized key SG marker, Ras GTPase-activating protein (SH3 domain)-binding protein 1 (G3BP1). We show that PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), but not (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase (PKR), is required for VHSV-induced SG formation. Furthermore, in VHSV Ia infected cells, PERK activity is required for IFN production, antiviral signaling and viral replication. SG formation required active virus replication as individual VHSV Ia proteins or inactive virus did not induce SG. Cells lacking G3BP1 produced increased IFN, antiviral genes and viral mRNA, however viral protein synthesis and viral titers were reduced. We show a critical role of the activation of ISR pathway and SG formation highlighting a novel role of G3BP1 in regulating VHSV protein translation and replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barkha Ramnani
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Shelby Powell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Adarsh G. Shetty
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Praveen Manivannan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Brian R. Hibbard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Douglas W. Leaman
- College of Sciences, Auburn University at Montgomery, 7400 East Dr., Montgomery, AL 36117, USA
| | - Krishnamurthy Malathi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang XL, Li ZC, Zhang C, Jiang JY, Han KJ, Tong JF, Yang XL, Chen DD, Lu LF, Li S. Spring Viremia of Carp Virus N Protein Negatively Regulates IFN Induction through Autophagy-Lysosome-Dependent Degradation of STING. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:72-81. [PMID: 36426999 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fish possess a powerful IFN system to defend against aquatic virus infections. Nevertheless, spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) causes large-scale mortality in common carp and significant economic losses to aquaculture. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the strategies used by SVCV to escape the IFN response. In this study, we show that the SVCV nucleoprotein (N protein) negatively regulates cellular IFN production by degrading stimulator of IFN genes (STING) via the autophagy-lysosome-dependent pathway. First, overexpression of N protein inhibited the IFN promoter activation induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and STING. Second, the N protein associated with STING and experiments using a dominant-negative STING mutant demonstrated that the N-terminal transmembrane domains of STING were indispensable for this interaction. Then, the N protein degraded STING in a dose-dependent and autophagy-lysosome-dependent manner. Intriguingly, in the absence of STING, individual N proteins could not elicit host autophagic flow. Furthermore, the autophagy factor Beclin1 was found to interact with the N protein to attenuate N protein-mediated STING degradation after beclin1 knockdown. Finally, the N protein remarkably weakened STING-enhanced cellular antiviral responses. These findings reveal that SVCV uses the host autophagic process to achieve immune escape, thus broadening our understanding of aquatic virus pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Li Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Zhuo-Cong Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yu Jiang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Jia Han
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Jin-Feng Tong
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Li Yang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Long-Feng Lu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Shun Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao T, Zou Y, Yan H, Chang Y, Zhan Y. Non-coding RNAs targeting NF-κB pathways in aquatic animals: A review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1091607. [PMID: 36825023 PMCID: PMC9941745 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1091607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways have a close relationship with many diseases, especially in terms of the regulation of inflammation and the immune response. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a heterogeneous subset of endogenous RNAs that directly affect cellular function in the absence of proteins or peptide products; these include microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), etc. Studies on the roles of ncRNAs in targeting the NF-κB pathways in aquatic animals are scarce. A few research studies have confirmed detailed regulatory mechanisms among ncRNAs and the NF-κB pathways in aquatic animals. This comprehensive review is presented concerning ncRNAs targeting the NF-κB pathway in aquatic animals and provides new insights into NF-κB pathways regulatory mechanisms of aquatic animals. The review discusses new possibilities for developing non-coding-RNA-based antiviral applications in fisheries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanjun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Hanyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu R, Li H, Liu X, Liang B, Qi Y, Meng F, Yang G, Shan S. TRIM25 inhibits spring viraemia of carp virus replication by positively regulating RIG-I signaling pathway in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:306-317. [PMID: 35753558 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is one of the most widely cultivated fish in China. Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) is a highly pathogenic virus and has often caused excessive losses in carp pond fisheries. Innate immune play important roles against virus infection. To better understand the immune response of common carp against SVCV infection, transcriptome analysis was performed using the Illumina Novaseq 6000 platform. It was showed that a total of 3953 differentially expressed unigenes were identified, and the RLR signaling pathway were significantly enriched after SVCV infection. Subsequently, the role of RLR signaling pathway in SVCV infection was studied. The results showed that common carp RIG-I (CcRIG-I) and TRIM25 (CcTRIM25) significantly decreased the replication of SVCV by inducing the phosphorylation of TBK1, IRF3 and p65 and the expression of ifn-1, viperin, isg15 and mx. Further studies illustrated that CcTRIM25 could positive regulate CcRIG-I mediated downstream signaling pathway. Finally, the mechanism of CcTRIM25 promoting CcRIG-I-mediated signaling was investigated. CcTRIM25 could interact with the caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) of CcRIG-I and promoted K63-linked polyubiquitination of CcRIG-I. Altogether, the study revealed a mechanism of CcTRIM25 regulating CcRIG-I mediated immune response in SVCV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Hua Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Boyu Liang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Fei Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Shijuan Shan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiang Z, Sun Z, Hu J, Li D, Xu X, Li M, Feng Z, Zeng S, Mao H, Hu C. Grass Carp Mex3A Promotes Ubiquitination and Degradation of RIG-I to Inhibit Innate Immune Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:909315. [PMID: 35865536 PMCID: PMC9295999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.909315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the Mex3 family members, Mex3A is crucial in cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis in mammals. In this study, a novel gene homologous to mammalian Mex3A (named CiMex3A, MW368974) was cloned and identified in grass carp, which is 1,521 bp in length encoding a putative polypeptide of 506 amino acids. In CIK cells, CiMex3A is upregulated after stimulation with LPS, Z-DNA, and especially with intracellular poly(I:C). CiMex3A overexpression reduces the expressions of IFN1, ISG15, and pro-inflammatory factors IL8 and TNFα; likewise, Mex3A inhibits IRF3 phosphorylation upon treatment with poly(I:C). A screening test to identify potential targets suggested that CiMex3A interacts with RIG-I exclusively. Co-localization analysis showed that Mex3A and RIG-I are simultaneously located in the endoplasmic reticulum, while they rarely appear in the endosome, mitochondria, or lysosome after exposure to poly(I:C). However, RIG-I is mainly located in the early endosome and then transferred to the late endosome following stimulation with poly(I:C). Moreover, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying CiMex3A-mediated suppression of RIG-I ubiquitination. The results demonstrated that Mex3A truncation mutant (deletion in the RING domain) can still interact physically with RIG-I, but fail to degrade it, suggesting that Mex3A also acts as a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase. Taken together, this study showed that grass carp Mex3A can interact with RIG-I in the endoplasmic reticulum following poly(I:C) stimulation, and then Mex3A facilitates the ubiquitination and degradation of RIG-I to inhibit IRF3-mediated innate antiviral immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyin Jiang
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhichao Sun
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Human Aging Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, China
| | - Jihuan Hu
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongming Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Meifeng Li
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiqing Feng
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shanshan Zeng
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huiling Mao
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Chengyu Hu,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sun L, Zheng W, Sun Y, Xu T. Long non-coding RNA LTCONS7822 positively regulates innate immunity by targeting MITA in miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 125:285-291. [PMID: 35595061 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accumulated studies have shown that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is considered a critical regulatory factor in mammals, with a length greater than 200 nucleotides, and it can participate in gene imprinting, dose compensation, transcription enhancement, and antisense regulation. Most of the above studies are carried out in mammals, and there are very few studies on lncRNA of lower vertebrates. Here, we report a novel lncRNA, LTCONS7822, which can play a positive regulatory effect on antiviral immunity in miiuy croaker, Miichthys miiuy. Our results show that the levels of lncRNA LTCONS7822 were significantly increased after poly (I:C) stimulation. Further study, we found that lncRNA LTCONS7822 could positively regulate MITA at the post-transcriptional level. In addition, the dual-luciferase reporter assay analysis showed that the positive regulatory effect of lncRNA LTCONS7822 on NF-κB and IRF3 signaling pathways presented the dose and time-dependent manner. Western blotting experiments proved that lncRNA LTCONS7822 has a positive regulatory effect on MITA. Collectively, our study provided new information to enrich the immune regulation network of lncRNA in teleost fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingping Sun
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuena Sun
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, China.
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hwang BJ, Tsao LC, Acharya CR, Trotter T, Agarwal P, Wei J, Wang T, Yang XY, Lei G, Osada T, Lyerly HK, Morse MA, Hartman ZC. Sensitizing immune unresponsive colorectal cancers to immune checkpoint inhibitors through MAVS overexpression. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003721. [PMID: 35361727 PMCID: PMC8971789 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) are insensitive to programmed death protein-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) antibodies. While there are many causes for ICI insensitivity, recent studies suggest that suppression of innate immune gene expression in tumor cells could be a root cause of this insensitivity and an important factor in the evolution of tumor immunosuppression. Methods We first assessed the reduction of mitochondrial antiviral signaling gene (MAVS) and related RIG-I pathway gene expression in several patient RNA expression datasets. We then engineered MAVS expressing tumor cells and tested their ability to elicit innate and adaptive anti-tumor immunity using both in vitro and in vivo approaches, which we then confirmed using MAVS expressing viral vectors. Finally, we observed that MAVS stimulated PD-L1 expression in multiple cell types and then assessed the combination of PD-L1 ICI antibodies with MAVS tumor expression in vivo. Results MAVS was significantly downregulated in CRCs, but its re-expression could stimulate broad cellular interferon-related responses, in both murine and patient-derived CRCs. In vivo, local MAVS expression elicited significant anti-tumor responses in both immune-sensitive and insensitive CRC models, through the stimulation of an interferon responsive axis that provoked tumor antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Critically, we found that tumor-intrinsic MAVS expression triggered systemic adaptive immune responses that enabled abscopal CD8 +T cell cytotoxicity against distant CRCs. As MAVS also induced PD-L1 expression, we further found synergistic anti-tumor responses in combination with anti-PD-L1 ICIs. Conclusion These data demonstrate that intratumoral MAVS expression results in local and systemic tumor antigen-specific T cell responses, which could be combined with PD-L1 ICI to permit effective anti-tumor immunotherapy in ICI resistant cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Jin Hwang
- Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Li-Chung Tsao
- Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | - Junping Wei
- Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xiao-Yi Yang
- Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gangjun Lei
- Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Takuya Osada
- Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Herbert Kim Lyerly
- Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael A Morse
- Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zachary Conrad Hartman
- Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA .,Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ahmad HI, Afzal G, Iqbal MN, Iqbal MA, Shokrollahi B, Mansoor MK, Chen J. Positive Selection Drives the Adaptive Evolution of Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling (MAVS) Proteins-Mediating Innate Immunity in Mammals. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:814765. [PMID: 35174241 PMCID: PMC8841730 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.814765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulated production of filamentous protein complexes is essential in many biological processes and provides a new paradigm in signal transmission. The mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is a critical signaling hub in innate immunity that is activated when a receptor induces a shift in the globular caspase activation and recruitment domain of MAVS into helical superstructures (filaments). It is of interest whether adaptive evolution affects the proteins involved in innate immunity. Here, we explore and confer the role of selection and diversification on mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein in mammalian species. We obtined the MAVS proteins of mammalian species and examined their differences in evolutionary patterns. We discovered evidence for these proteins being subjected to substantial positive selection. We demonstrate that immune system proteins, particularly those encoding recognition proteins, develop under positive selection using codon-based probability methods. Positively chosen regions within recognition proteins cluster in domains involved in microorganism recognition, implying that molecular interactions between hosts and pathogens may promote adaptive evolution in the mammalian immune systems. These significant variations in MAVS development in mammalian species highlights the involvement of MAVS in innate immunity. Our findings highlight the significance of accounting for how non-synonymous alterations affect structure and function when employing sequence-level studies to determine and quantify positive selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Gulnaz Afzal
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Borhan Shokrollahi
- Department of Animal Science, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Muhammad Khalid Mansoor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Jinping Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jinping Chen
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Benavides A, Gutiérrez D, Epuyao N, Modak B, Imarai M, Valenzuela B. Alpinone: A positive regulator molecule of immune antiviral response in Atlantic salmon kidney cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:104262. [PMID: 34543663 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Alpinone is a flavonoid obtained from the resinous exudate of Heliotropium huascoense. This flavonoid shows antiviral activity against the infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), which causes severe disease in farmed Atlantic salmon. Here, we aim to elucidate mechanisms underlying the antiviral effects of the flavonoid. In this regard, we evaluated whether Alpinone can act upregulating the pattern-recognition receptor genes, i.e., the RIG-I-like, TLR3, and TLR9 genes, and the genes of the downstream signaling pathways. Transcriptional expression of the genes was analyzed using real-time PCR after 8, 24, and 48 h treatment of salmon kidney adherent cells with 15 μg/mL of Alpinone. First, we showed that Alpinone induced IFNa expression in the kidney adherent cells, indicating that this type of salmon cells is in part responsible for the effects previously reported in vivo. Upregulation of the IFN-induced myxovirus resistance (Mx) gene was also observed in the head kidney cells in response to the treatment. Overexpression reached a maximum level at 24 h post-treatment. Interestingly, Alpinone also induced upregulation of the cytosolic receptors of ssRNA, named Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and Melanoma Differentiation-Associated protein 5 (MDA5), but there were no effects on the transcriptional expression of the TLR3 and TLR9 endosomal receptors. In addition, Alpinone upregulated the expression of genes encoding the main components of the RIG-I/MDA5 signaling pathways, such as the mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), TNF Receptor Associated Factor 3 (TRAF3), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), I-kappaB kinase ε (IKKε), the transcription factors IRF-3, and IRF7. The increased expression of all these genes is consistent with the upregulation of IFNa and Mx mRNAs. Because BX795 completely prevents Alpinone-dependent upregulation of IFNa and IRF3, the flavonoid targets seem to be upstream of the kinases TBK1 and IKKε. Altogether, this study contributes to elucidating the mechanisms involved in Alpinone antiviral activity in fish. Alpinone can be used to counteract virus mechanisms of evasion where the onset of interferon-mediated response is prevented or delayed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almendra Benavides
- Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Aquatic Biotechnology Center, Chemistry and Biology Faculty, Environmental Sciences Department, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Daniela Gutiérrez
- Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Aquatic Biotechnology Center, Chemistry and Biology Faculty, Environmental Sciences Department, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Nadia Epuyao
- Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Aquatic Biotechnology Center, Chemistry and Biology Faculty, Environmental Sciences Department, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Brenda Modak
- Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Aquatic Biotechnology Center, Chemistry and Biology Faculty, Environmental Sciences Department, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Mónica Imarai
- Immunology Laboratory, Aquatic Biotechnology Center, Biology Department, Chemistry and Biology Faculty, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Beatriz Valenzuela
- Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Aquatic Biotechnology Center, Chemistry and Biology Faculty, Environmental Sciences Department, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liang B, Su J. Advances in aquatic animal RIG-I-like receptors. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 2:100012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2021.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
|
18
|
Liu L, Wang H, Xu M, Qiu TX, Chen J. Azoxystrobin increases the infection of spring viraemia of carp virus in fish. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131465. [PMID: 34329124 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin (AZ) has entered aquatic ecosystems and produced serious damages to fish associated with potentially increasing the susceptibility to pathogens. This study characterized the defense abilities of fish by exposed to AZ on challenging with the infection of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV). The results showed that SVCV replication increased significantly in EPC cells and zebrafish that were exposed to up to 50 μg/L of AZ at 3, 5, 7, and 14 d. Intracellular biochemical assays indicated that AZ at 5 and 50 μg/L inhibited the activation of Nrf2-ARE pathway including a decrease in Nrf2 expression, Nrf2 phosphorylation, HO-1 content, and three antioxidant activities. While no significant difference in ERK1/2 and JNK MAPKs in zebrafish was observed, P38 phosphorylation was significantly decreased at 7 and 14 d, and the changes in MAPKs were more evident in EPC cells previously exposed to AZ at 7 d. These results revealed that AZ initially induced low phosphorylation of MAPKs, triggering the attenuation of Nrf2 phosphorylation to weaken Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus in a longer exposure period (more than 5 d). The data in the cells and fish also showed that antioxidant activities were decreased to some extent at 5-7 d for the cells and 7-14 d for the fish. Furthermore, interferon-related factors were decreased in AZ-exposed zebrafish, explaining the reason that fish can't resist the virus infection. Overall, the present study provided a new adverse threat of AZ by amplifying the viral outbreak to endanger ecological safety in aquatic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Tian-Xiu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
The C-Terminal Domain of Salmonid Alphavirus Nonstructural Protein 2 (nsP2) Is Essential and Sufficient To Block RIG-I Pathway Induction and Interferon-Mediated Antiviral Response. J Virol 2021; 95:e0115521. [PMID: 34523969 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01155-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) is an atypical alphavirus that has a considerable impact on salmon and trout farms. Unlike other alphaviruses, such as the chikungunya virus, SAV is transmitted without an arthropod vector, and it does not cause cell shutoff during infection. The mechanisms by which SAV escapes the host immune system remain unknown. By studying the role of SAV proteins on the RIG-I signaling cascade, the first line of defense of the immune system during infection, we demonstrated that nonstructural protein 2 (nsP2) effectively blocks the induction of type I interferon (IFN). This inhibition, independent of the protease activity carried by nsP2, occurs downstream of IRF3, which is the transcription factor allowing the activation of the IFN promoter and its expression. The inhibitory effect of nsP2 on the RIG-I pathway depends on the localization of nsP2 in the host cell nucleus, which is linked to two nuclear localization sequences (NLS) located in its C-terminal part. The C-terminal domain of nsP2 by itself is sufficient and necessary to block IFN induction. Mutation of the NLS of nsP2 is deleterious to the virus. Finally, nsP2 does not interact with IRF3, indicating that its action is possible through a targeted interaction within discrete areas of chromatin, as suggested by its punctate distribution observed in the nucleus. These results therefore demonstrate a major role for nsP2 in the control by SAV of the host cell's innate immune response. IMPORTANCE The global consumption of fish continues to rise, and the future demand cannot be met by capture fisheries alone due to limited stocks of wild fish. Aquaculture is currently the world's fastest-growing food production sector, with an annual growth rate of 6 to 8%. Recurrent outbreaks of SAV result in significant economic losses with serious environmental consequences for wild stocks. While the clinical and pathological signs of SAV infection are fairly well known, the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly described. In the present study, we focus on the nonstructural protein nsP2 and characterize a specific domain containing nuclear localization sequences that are critical for the inhibition of the host innate immune response mediated by the RIG-I pathway.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mitochondria as a Cellular Hub in Infection and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111338. [PMID: 34768767 PMCID: PMC8583510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the energy center of the cell. They are found in the cell cytoplasm as dynamic networks where they adapt energy production based on the cell’s needs. They are also at the center of the proinflammatory response and have essential roles in the response against pathogenic infections. Mitochondria are a major site for production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS; or free radicals), which are essential to fight infection. However, excessive and uncontrolled production can become deleterious to the cell, leading to mitochondrial and tissue damage. Pathogens exploit the role of mitochondria during infection by affecting the oxidative phosphorylation mechanism (OXPHOS), mitochondrial network and disrupting the communication between the nucleus and the mitochondria. The role of mitochondria in these biological processes makes these organelle good targets for the development of therapeutic strategies. In this review, we presented a summary of the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and their involvement in the pathogen response, as well as the potential promising mitochondrial targets for the fight against infectious diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
21
|
Targhetta VP, Amaral MA, Camara NOS. Through DNA sensors and hidden mitochondrial effects of SARS-CoV-2. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2021; 27:e20200183. [PMID: 34471404 PMCID: PMC8383803 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic brought attention to studies about viral infections and their impact on the cell machinery. SARS-CoV-2, for example, invades the host cells by ACE2 interaction and possibly hijacks the mitochondria. To better understand the disease and to propose novel treatments, crucial aspects of SARS-CoV-2 enrolment with host mitochondria must be studied. The replicative process of the virus leads to consequences in mitochondrial function, and cell metabolism. The hijacking of mitochondria, on the other hand, can drive the extrusion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to the cytosol. Extracellular mtDNA evoke robust proinflammatory responses once detected, that may act in different pathways, eliciting important immune responses. However, few receptors are validated and are able to detect and respond to mtDNA. In this review, we propose that the mtDNA and its detection might be important in the immune process generated by SARS-CoV-2 and that this mechanism might be important in the lung pathogenesis seen in clinical symptoms. Therefore, investigating the mtDNA receptors and their signaling pathways might provide important clues for therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Pedro Targhetta
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Abrantes Amaral
- Department of Nephrology, Paulista School of Medicine (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zou PF, Tang JC, Li Y, Feng JJ, Zhang ZP, Wang YL. MAVS splicing variants associated with TRAF3 and TRAF6 in NF-κB and IRF3 signaling pathway in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 121:104076. [PMID: 33766586 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) acts as an essential adaptor in host RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) mediated antiviral signaling pathway. In the present study, two MAVS transcript variants, the typical form and a splicing variant, namely Lc-MAVS_tv1 and Lc-MAVS_tv2 were characterized in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The putative Lc-MAVS_tv1 protein contains 512 aa, with an N-terminal CARD domain, a central proline-rich region, and a C-terminal transmembrane (TM) domain, whereas Lc-MAVS_tv2 contains 302 aa and lacks the C-terminal TM domain due to a premature stop in the 102 bp intron fragment insertion. Lc-MAVS_tv1 was identified as a mitochondrion localized protein whereas Lc-MAVS_tv2 exhibited an entire cytosolic distribution. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that Lc-MAVS_tv1 mRNA was broadly expressed in examined organs/tissues and showed extremely higher level than that of Lc-MAVS_tv2, and both of them could be up-regulated under poly I:C, LPS, PGN, and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida stimulation in vivo. Interestingly, overexpression of Lc-MAVS_tv2 could induce the activation of NF-κB but not IRF3, and Lc-MAVS_tv2 co-transfected with Lc-MAVS_tv1 induced a significantly higher level of NF-κB and IRF3 promoter activity. In addition, Lc-MAVS_tv2 overexpression could enhance TRAF3 and TRAF6 mediated NF-κB activation, but suppress TRAF3 and TRAF6 mediated IRF3 activation, implying that the splicing variant Lc-MAVS_tv2 may function as an important regulator in MAVS mediated signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China.
| | - Jun Chun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Estuarine Ecological Security and Environmental Health, Tan Kah Kee College, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, 363105, China
| | - Jian Jun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China
| | - Zi Ping Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, China; State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, Fujian Province, 352103, China
| | - Yi Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China; State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, Fujian Province, 352103, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fan ZH, Xu Y, Luo W, He XC, Zheng TT, Zhang JJ, Xu XY, Qin QW, Lee XZ. Molecular cloning and characterization of CD63 in common carp infected with koi herpesvirus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 121:104102. [PMID: 33862099 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CD63 is a member of the four-transmembrane-domain protein superfamily and is the first characterized tetraspanin protein. In the present study, we cloned the common carp (Cyprinus Carpio) CD63 (ccCD63) sequence and found that the ccCD63 ORF contained 711 bp and encoded a protein of 236 amino acids. Homology analysis revealed that the complete ccCD63 sequence had 84.08% amino acid similarity to CD63 of Sinocyclocheilus anshuiensis. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that ccCD63 was localized in the cytoplasm. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that ccCD63 was expressed in the gill, intestine, liver, spleen, brain and kidney, with higher expression in spleen and brain tissues than in the other examined tissues. After koi herpesvirus (KHV) infection, these tissues exhibited various expression levels of ccCD63. The expression level was the lowest in the liver and highest in the brain; the expression level in the brain was 8.7-fold higher than that in the liver. Furthermore, knockdown of ccCD63 promoted KHV infection. Moreover, ccCD63 was correlated with the regulation of RIG-I/MAVS/TRAF3/TBK1/IRF3 and may be involved in the antiviral response through the RIG-I viral recognition signalling pathway in a TRAF3/TBK1-dependent manner. Taken together, our results suggested that ccCD63 upregulated the interaction of KHV with the host immune system and suppressed the dissemination of KHV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z H Fan
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Y Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - W Luo
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - X C He
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - T T Zheng
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - J J Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - X Y Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Q W Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - X Z Lee
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
He M, Ding NZ, He CQ. Novirhabdoviruses versus fish innate immunity: A review. Virus Res 2021; 304:198525. [PMID: 34339774 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Novirhabdoviruses belong to the Rhabdoviridae family of RNA viruses. All of the four members are pathogenic for bony fish. Particularly, Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) often cause mass animal deaths and huge economic losses, representing major obstacles to fish farming industry worldwide. The interactions between fish and novirhabdoviruses are becoming better understood. In this review, we will present our current knowledge of fish innate immunity, particularly type I interferon (IFN-I) response, against novirhabdoviral infection, and the evasion strategies exploited by novirhabdoviruses. Members of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) appear to be involved in novirhabdovirus surveillance. NF-κB activation and IFN-I induction are primarily triggered for antiviral defense. Autophagy can also be induced by viral glycoprotein (G). Although sensitive to IFN-I, novirhabdoviruses have nucleoprotein (N), matrix protein (M), and non-virion protein (NV) to interfere with host signal transduction and gene expression steps toward antiviral state establishment. Moreover, novirhabdoviruses may exploit some microRNAs for immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei He
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Nai-Zheng Ding
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Cheng-Qiang He
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mitochondrial Modulations, Autophagy Pathways Shifts in Viral Infections: Consequences of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158180. [PMID: 34360945 PMCID: PMC8347486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital intracellular organelles that play an important role in regulating various intracellular events such as metabolism, bioenergetics, cell death (apoptosis), and innate immune signaling. Mitochondrial fission, fusion, and membrane potential play a central role in maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and the overall shape of mitochondria. Viruses change the dynamics of the mitochondria by altering the mitochondrial processes/functions, such as autophagy, mitophagy, and enzymes involved in metabolism. In addition, viruses decrease the supply of energy to the mitochondria in the form of ATP, causing viruses to create cellular stress by generating ROS in mitochondria to instigate viral proliferation, a process which causes both intra- and extra-mitochondrial damage. SARS-COV2 propagates through altering or changing various pathways, such as autophagy, UPR stress, MPTP and NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, these pathways act as potential targets for viruses to facilitate their proliferation. Autophagy plays an essential role in SARS-COV2-mediated COVID-19 and modulates autophagy by using various drugs that act on potential targets of the virus to inhibit and treat viral infection. Modulated autophagy inhibits coronavirus replication; thus, it becomes a promising target for anti-coronaviral therapy. This review gives immense knowledge about the infections, mitochondrial modulations, and therapeutic targets of viruses.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhou Y, Lei Y, Lu LF, Chen DD, Zhang C, Li ZC, Zhou XY, Li S, Zhang YA. cGAS Is a Negative Regulator of RIG-I-Mediated IFN Response in Cyprinid Fish. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:784-798. [PMID: 34290106 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) recognizes cytosolic dsDNA to induce the type I IFN response. However, the functional role of cGAS in the IFN response of fish remains unclear or controversial. In this study, we report that cGAS orthologs from crucian carp Carassius auratus (CacGAS) and grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus (CicGAS) target the dsRNA sensor retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) for negative regulation of the IFN response. First, poly(deoxyadenylic-deoxythymidylic) acid-, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-, and spring viremia of carp virus-induced IFN responses were impaired by overexpression of CacGAS and CicGAS. Then, CacGAS and CicGAS interacted with CiRIG-I and CiMAVS and inhibited CiRIG-I- and CiMAVS-mediated IFN induction. Moreover, the K63-linked ubiquitination of CiRIG-I and the interaction between CiRIG-I and CiMAVS were attenuated by CacGAS and CicGAS. Finally, CacGAS and CicGAS decreased CiRIG-I-mediated the cellular antiviral response and facilitated viral replication. Taken together, data in this study identify CacGAS and CicGAS as negative regulators in RIG-I-like receptor signaling, which extends the current knowledge regarding the role of fish cGAS in the innate antiviral response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Lei
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Long-Feng Lu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Zhuo-Cong Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Shun Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jami R, Mérour E, Lamoureux A, Bernard J, Millet JK, Biacchesi S. Deciphering the Fine-Tuning of the Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene-I Pathway in Teleost Fish and Beyond. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679242. [PMID: 33995423 PMCID: PMC8113963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons are the first lines of defense against viral pathogen invasion during the early stages of infection. Their synthesis is tightly regulated to prevent excessive immune responses and possible deleterious effects on the host organism itself. The RIG-I-like receptor signaling cascade is one of the major pathways leading to the production of interferons. This pathway amplifies danger signals and mounts an appropriate innate response but also needs to be finely regulated to allow a rapid return to immune homeostasis. Recent advances have characterized different cellular factors involved in the control of the RIG-I pathway. This has been most extensively studied in mammalian species; however, some inconsistencies remain to be resolved. The IFN system is remarkably well conserved in vertebrates and teleost fish possess all functional orthologs of mammalian RIG-I-like receptors as well as most downstream signaling molecules. Orthologs of almost all mammalian regulatory components described to date exist in teleost fish, such as the widely used zebrafish, making fish attractive and powerful models to study in detail the regulation and evolution of the RIG-I pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Jami
- University Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Emilie Mérour
- University Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Annie Lamoureux
- University Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Julie Bernard
- University Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean K Millet
- University Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dunker W, Ye X, Zhao Y, Liu L, Richardson A, Karijolich J. TDP-43 prevents endogenous RNAs from triggering a lethal RIG-I-dependent interferon response. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108976. [PMID: 33852834 PMCID: PMC8109599 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are involved in the discrimination of self versus non-self via the recognition of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Emerging evidence suggests that immunostimulatory dsRNAs are ubiquitously expressed but are disrupted or sequestered by cellular RNA binding proteins (RBPs). TDP-43 is an RBP associated with multiple neurological disorders and is essential for cell viability. Here, we demonstrate that TDP-43 regulates the accumulation of immunostimulatory dsRNA. The immunostimulatory RNA is identified as RNA polymerase III transcripts, including 7SL and Alu retrotransposons, and we demonstrate that the RNA-binding activity of TDP-43 is required to prevent immune stimulation. The dsRNAs activate a RIG-I-dependent interferon (IFN) response, which promotes necroptosis. Genetic inactivation of the RLR-pathway rescues the interferon-mediated cell death associated with loss of TDP-43. Collectively, our study describes a role for TDP-43 in preventing the accumulation of endogenous immunostimulatory dsRNAs and uncovers an intricate relationship between the control of cellular gene expression and IFN-mediated cell death.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology
- Alu Elements
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/immunology
- DEAD Box Protein 58/antagonists & inhibitors
- DEAD Box Protein 58/genetics
- DEAD Box Protein 58/immunology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Epithelial Cells/immunology
- Epithelial Cells/virology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- HEK293 Cells
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/growth & development
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization
- Interferons/genetics
- Interferons/immunology
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/immunology
- Necroptosis/genetics
- Necroptosis/immunology
- Neurons/immunology
- Neurons/virology
- RNA Polymerase III/genetics
- RNA Polymerase III/immunology
- RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics
- RNA, Double-Stranded/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- RNA, Small Cytoplasmic/genetics
- RNA, Small Cytoplasmic/immunology
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/immunology
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Signal Recognition Particle/genetics
- Signal Recognition Particle/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- Ubiquitins/genetics
- Ubiquitins/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Dunker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2363, USA
| | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2363, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2363, USA
| | - Lanxi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2363, USA
| | - Antiana Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2363, USA
| | - John Karijolich
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2363, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-2363, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2363, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN 37232-2363, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Nashville, TN 37232-2363, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Circular RNA circPIKfyve acts as a sponge of miR-21-3p to enhance antiviral immunity through regulating MAVS in teleost fish. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02296-20. [PMID: 33536171 PMCID: PMC8103680 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02296-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of widespread and diverse covalently closed circular endogenous RNAs that exert crucial functions in regulating gene expression in mammals. However, the function and regulation mechanism of circRNAs in lower vertebrates are still unknown. Here, we discovered a novel circRNA derived from PIKfyve, named circPIKfyve, that is related to the antiviral responses in teleost fish. The results showed that circPIKfyve plays essential roles in host antiviral immunity and inhibition of SCRV replication. Moreover, we also found that the antiviral effect inhibited by miR-21-3p could be reversed with the addition of circPIKfyve. In mechanism, our data revealed that circPIKfyve is a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of MAVS by sponging miR-21-3p, leading to activation of NF-κB/IRF3 pathway, which then enhance the innate antiviral responses. In addition, we firstly found that RNA binding protein QKI is involved in the formation and regulation of circPIKfyve. Our results provided a strong basis that circRNAs to play a regulatory role in antiviral immune responses in teleost fish.Importance: Here, we identified a novel circRNA, namely, circPIKfyve, that can act as a key regulator of the innate immune response in teleost fish. circPIKfyve acts as a molecular sponge by competitive adsorbing of miR-21-3p, thereby increasing the abundance of MAVS and activating the downstream NF-κB/IRF3 pathway to enhance the antiviral response. In addition, this study was the first to find that QKI protein is involved in regulating the formation of circPIKfyve in fish. The overall results of this study suggest that circPIKfyve plays an active regulatory role in the antiviral immune response of teleost fish.
Collapse
|
30
|
Lu LF, Zhang C, Li ZC, Zhou XY, Jiang JY, Chen D, Zhang YA, Li S. Grass Carp Reovirus VP35 Degrades MAVS Through the Autophagy Pathway to Inhibit Fish Interferon Production. Front Immunol 2021; 12:613145. [PMID: 33833752 PMCID: PMC8021864 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.613145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish interferon (IFN) is a crucial cytokine for a host to resist external pathogens, conferring cells with antiviral capacity. Meanwhile, grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a strong pathogen that causes high mortality in grass carp. Therefore, it is necessary to study the strategy used by GCRV to evade the cellular IFN response. In this study, we found that GCRV 35-kDa protein (VP35) inhibited the host IFN production by degrading mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein through the autophagy pathway. First, the overexpression of VP35 inhibited the IFN activation induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and MAVS, and the expression of downstream IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) was also decreased by using VP35 under the stimulation. Second, VP35 interacted with MAVS; the experiments of truncated mutants of MAVS demonstrated that the caspase recruitment domain (CARD) and proline-rich (PRO) domains of MAVS were not necessary for this binding. Then, MAVS was degraded by using VP35 in a dose-dependent manner, and 3-MA (the autophagy pathway inhibitor) significantly blocked the degradation, meaning that MAVS was degraded by using VP35 in the autophagy pathway. The result of MAVS degradation suggested that the antiviral capacity of MAVS was remarkably depressed when interrupted by VP35. Finally, in the host cells, VP35 reduced ifn transcription and made the cells vulnerable to virus infection. In conclusion, our results reveal that GCRV VP35 impairs the host IFN response by degrading MAVS through the autophagy pathway, supplying evidence of a fish virus immune evasion strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long-Feng Lu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo-Cong Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing-Yu Jiang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shun Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang W, Gong J, Yang H, Wan L, Peng Y, Wang X, Sun J, Li F, Geng Y, Li D, Liu N, Mei G, Cao Y, Yan Q, Li H, Zhang Y, He X, Zhang Q, Zhang R, Wu F, Zhong H, Wei C. The Mitochondrial Protein MAVS Stabilizes p53 to Suppress Tumorigenesis. Cell Rep 2021; 30:725-738.e4. [PMID: 31968249 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have shown the critical role of the mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein in virus-induced apoptosis, but the involvement of MAVS in tumorigenesis is still poorly understood. Herein, we report that MAVS is a key regulator of p53 activation and is critical for protecting against tumorigenesis. We find that MAVS promotes p53-dependent cell death in response to DNA damage. MAVS interacts with p53 and mediates p53 mitochondrial recruitment under genotoxic stress. Mechanistically, MAVS inhibits p53 ubiquitination by blocking the formation of the p53-murine double-minute 2 (MDM2) complex, leading to the stabilization of p53. Notably, compared with their wild-type littermates, MAVS knockout mice display decreased resistance to azoxymethane (AOM) or AOM/dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced colon cancer. MAVS expression is significantly downregulated in human colon cancer tissues. These results unveil roles for MAVS in DNA damage response and tumor suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanchuan Zhang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China; Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Luming Wan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yumeng Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yunqi Geng
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Gangwu Mei
- Wei Sai Te Biotechnology Company, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, Shandong 250031, China
| | - Qiulin Yan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China; Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Huilong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiang He
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qiaozhi Zhang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang 110042, China.
| | - Feixiang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Hui Zhong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Congwen Wei
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yasukawa K, Koshiba T. Mitochondrial reactive zones in antiviral innate immunity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129839. [PMID: 33412226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are multi-functioning organelles that participate in a wide range of biologic processes from energy metabolism to cellular suicide. Mitochondria are also involved in the cellular innate immune response against microorganisms or environmental irritants, particularly in mammals. Mitochondrial-mediated innate immunity is achieved by the activation of two discrete signaling pathways, the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasomes and the retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptor pathway. In both pathways, a mitochondrial outer membrane adaptor protein, called mitochondrial antiviral signaling MAVS, and mitochondria-derived components play a key role in signal transduction. In this review, we discuss current insights regarding the fundamental phenomena of mitochondrial-related innate immune responses, and review the specific roles of various mitochondrial subcompartments in fine-tuning innate immune signaling events. We propose that specific targeting of mitochondrial functions is a potential therapeutic approach for the management of infectious diseases and autoinflammatory disorders with an excessive immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yasukawa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takumi Koshiba
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lu LF, Zhang C, Li ZC, Zhou XY, Jiang JY, Chen DD, Zhang YA, Xiong F, Zhou F, Li S. A novel role of Zebrafish TMEM33 in negative regulation of interferon production by two distinct mechanisms. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009317. [PMID: 33600488 PMCID: PMC7891750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane protein 33 (TMEM33) was originally identified as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein that influences the tubular structure of the ER and modulates intracellular calcium homeostasis. However, the role of TMEM33 in antiviral immunity in vertebrates has not been elucidated. In this article, we demonstrate that zebrafish TMEM33 is a negative regulator of virus-triggered interferon (IFN) induction via two mechanisms: mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) ubiquitination and a decrease in the kinase activity of TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1). Upon stimulation with viral components, tmem33 was remarkably upregulated in the zebrafish liver cell line. The IFNφ1 promoter (IFNφ1pro) activity and mRNA level induced by retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I-like receptors (RLRs) were significantly inhibited by TMEM33. Knockdown of TMEM33 increased host ifn transcription. Subsequently, we found that TMEM33 was colocalized in the ER and interacted with the RLR cascades, whereas MAVS was degraded by TMEM33 during the K48-linked ubiquitination. On the other hand, TMEM33 reduced the phosphorylation of mediator of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) activation (MITA)/IRF3 by acting as a decoy substrate of TBK1, which was also phosphorylated. A functional domain assay revealed that the N-terminal transmembrane domain 1 (TM1) and TM2 regions of TMEM33 were necessary for IFN suppression. Finally, TMEM33 significantly attenuated the host cellular antiviral capacity by blocking the IFN response. Taken together, our findings provide insight into the different mechanisms employed by TMEM33 in cellular IFN-mediated antiviral process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long-Feng Lu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo-Cong Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing-Yu Jiang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shun Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
ACE2 and energy metabolism: the connection between COVID-19 and chronic metabolic disorders. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:535-554. [PMID: 33533405 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has currently attracted increasing attention due to its potential function in regulating energy homeostasis, other than the actions on cellular growth, blood pressure, fluid, and electrolyte balance. The existence of RAS is well established in metabolic organs, including pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, where activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) - angiotensin II pathway contributes to the impairment of insulin secretion, glucose transport, fat distribution, and adipokines production. However, the activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) - angiotensin (1-7) pathway, a novel branch of the RAS, plays an opposite role in the ACE pathway, which could reverse these consequences by improving local microcirculation, inflammation, stress state, structure remolding, and insulin signaling pathway. In addition, new studies indicate the protective RAS arm possesses extraordinary ability to enhance brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and induces browning of white adipose tissue, and consequently, it leads to increased energy expenditure in the form of heat instead of ATP synthesis. Interestingly, ACE2 is the receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is threating public health worldwide. The main complications of SARS-CoV-2 infected death patients include many energy metabolism-related chronic diseases, such as diabetes. The specific mechanism leading to this phenomenon is largely unknown. Here, we summarize the latest pharmacological and genetic tools on regulating ACE/ACE2 balance and highlight the beneficial effects of the ACE2 pathway axis hyperactivity on glycolipid metabolism, as well as the thermogenic modulation.
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang B, Zhou M, Lin Y, Ma Y, Cao H. TBK1 regulates the induction of innate immune response against GCRV by phosphorylating IRF3 in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 115:103883. [PMID: 33045274 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus), a small cyprinid species that is highly sensitive to the grass carp reovirus (GCRV), is regarded as an ideal model to study the mechanisms of innate immunity in fish. In the present study, a TBK1 homologue from rare minnow (GrTBK1) was identified and its roles in defence against viral infection were investigated. Sequence analysis showed that GrTBK1 encoded a 727-amino acid peptide which shared 98% and 72% identity to the black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) and human (Homo sapiens) orthologues, respectively. The amino acid sequence analysis demonstrated that GrTBK1 contains a conserved Serine/Threonine protein kinases catalytic domain (S_TKc) at the N-terminus. Furthermore, cellular distribution proved that GrTBK1 was located in the cytoplasm region. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that GrTBK1 was ubiquitously expressed in all examined organs, but especially highly in liver. Temporal expression analysis in vivo showed that the expression levels of GrTBK1 were obviously up-regulated in response to GCRV infection. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR assay revealed that the levels of S7 RNA, an important segment of GCRV genome, were higher in the liver than in other tissues. This indicates that GrTBK1 might play a crucial role in responses to GCRV infection in fish. In addition, GrTBK1 activated several type I interferon (IFN) promoters and induced the expression of downstream type I IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Furthermore, GrTBK1 obviously phosphorylated the interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Furthermore, overexpression of GrTBK1 remarkably decreased the GCRV proliferation. In summary, we systematically characterized GrTBK1 and illustrated its role in the innate immune response to GCRV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Man Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuegang Ma
- Chongqing Fishery Sciences Research Institute, Chongqing, 400020, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhou Y, Lu LF, Zhang C, Chen DD, Zhou XY, Li ZC, Jiang JY, Li S, Zhang YA. Grass carp cGASL negatively regulates interferon activation through autophagic degradation of MAVS. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 115:103876. [PMID: 32987012 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a crucial cytosolic DNA sensor responsible for activating the interferon (IFN) response. A cGAS-like (cGASL) gene was previously identified from grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus, which is evolutionarily closest to cGAS but not a true ortholog of cGAS. Here, we found that grass carp cGASL targets mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) for autophagic degradation to negatively regulate fish IFN response. Firstly, the transcriptional level of cellular cgasl was upregulated by poly I:C stimulation, and overexpression of cGASL significantly decreased poly I:C- and MAVS-induced promoter activities and transcriptional levels of IFN and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). In addition, cGASL associated with MAVS and prompted autophagic degradation of MAVS in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, overexpression of cGASL attenuated MAVS-mediated cellular antiviral response. These results collectively indicate that cGASL negatively regulates fish IFN response by triggering autophagic degradation of MAVS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Feng Lu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhuo-Cong Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yu Jiang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shun Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhou M, Wang B, Lin Y, Zhang C, Cao H. Molecular cloning, functional characterization and expression analysis of P65 subunit in response to GCRV infection in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 113:103786. [PMID: 32735959 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
P65, the all-important subunit of the transcription factor NF-κB, plays an important role in the regulation of immune response. In this study, the cDNA of P65 subunit of rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus (GrP65) was cloned, and its expression patterns and functional role in rare minnow were investigated. The GrP65cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 573 amino acids, containing a well-conserved Rel-homology domain (RHD). The amino acid sequence analysis showed that GrP65 shared 81% and 69% identity to the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and human (Homo sapiens) orthologous, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that GrP65 clustered with homologues from other teleosts. Cellular distribution anallysis demonstrated that GrP65 was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that GrP65 was ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues, but especially highly in liver. Temporal expression analysis in vivo showed that the expression levels of GrP65 were significantly up-regulated in liver in response to GCRV infection, which suggested that GrP65 might play a crucial role in recognition and responses to GCRV infection in fish. In addition, GrP65 activated several interferon (IFN) promoters and induced the expression of downstream IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Furthermore, overexpression of P65 remarkably decreased the GCRV proliferation, while knockdown of P65 obtained opposite effects. In summary, we systematically characterized GrP65 and demonstrated its role in the innate immune response to GCRV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Chongqing Fishery Sciences Research Institute, Chongqing, 400020, China
| | - Hong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ajaz S, McPhail MJ, Singh KK, Mujib S, Trovato FM, Napoli S, Agarwal K. Mitochondrial metabolic manipulation by SARS-CoV-2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with COVID-19. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C57-C65. [PMID: 33151090 PMCID: PMC7816428 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00426.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been the primary global health issue since its outbreak in December 2019. Patients with metabolic syndrome suffer from severe complications and a higher mortality rate due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We recently proposed that SARS-CoV-2 can hijack host mitochondrial function and manipulate metabolic pathways for their own advantage. The aim of the current study was to investigate functional mitochondrial changes in live peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with COVID-19 and to decipher the pathways of substrate utilization in these cells and corresponding changes in the inflammatory pathways. We demonstrate mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic alterations with an increase in glycolysis, and high levels of mitokine in PBMCs from patients with COVID-19. Interestingly, we found that levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 mitokine correlate with COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. These data suggest that patients with COVID-19 have a compromised mitochondrial function and an energy deficit that is compensated by a metabolic switch to glycolysis. This metabolic manipulation by SARS-CoV-2 triggers an enhanced inflammatory response that contributes to the severity of symptoms in COVID-19. Targeting mitochondrial metabolic pathway(s) can help define novel strategies for COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Ajaz
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J McPhail
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Salma Mujib
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Salvatore Napoli
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kosh Agarwal
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lu LF, Li ZC, Zhang C, Zhou XY, Zhou Y, Jiang JY, Chen DD, Li S, Zhang YA. Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) Giving Its All to Suppress IFN Production by Countering MAVS Signaling Transduction. Front Immunol 2020; 11:545302. [PMID: 33193312 PMCID: PMC7649419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.545302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses typically target host RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), a group of key factors involved in interferon (IFN) production, to enhance viral infection. To date, though immune evasion methods to contradict IFN production have been characterized for a series of terrestrial viruses, the strategies employed by fish viruses remain unclear. Here, we report that all grass carp reovirus (GCRV) proteins encoded by segments S1 to S11 suppress mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)-mediated IFN expression. First, the GCRV viral proteins blunted the MAVS-induced expression of IFN, and impair MAVS antiviral capacity significantly. Interestingly, subsequent co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that all GCRV viral proteins interacted with several RLR cascades, especially with TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) which was the downstream factor of MAVS. To further illustrate the mechanisms of these interactions between GCRV viral proteins and host RLRs, two of the viral proteins, NS79 (S4) and VP3 (S3), were selected as representative proteins for two distinguished mechanisms. The obtained data demonstrated that NS79 was phosphorylated by gcTBK1, leading to the reduction of host substrate gcIRF3/7 phosphorylation. On the other hand, VP3 degraded gcMAVS and the degradation was significantly reversed by 3-MA. The biological effects of both NS79 and VP3 were consistently found to be related to the suppression of IFN expression and the promotion of viral evasion. Our findings shed light on the special evasion mechanism utilized by fish virus through IFN regulation, which might differ between fish and mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long-Feng Lu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo-Cong Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yu Jiang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shun Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cytosolic Sensors for Pathogenic Viral and Bacterial Nucleic Acids in Fish. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197289. [PMID: 33023222 PMCID: PMC7582293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of the non-self signature of invading pathogens is a crucial step for the initiation of the innate immune mechanisms of the host. The host response to viral and bacterial infection involves sets of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which bind evolutionarily conserved pathogen structures, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Recent advances in the identification of different types of PRRs in teleost fish revealed a number of cytosolic sensors for recognition of viral and bacterial nucleic acids. These are DExD/H-box RNA helicases including a group of well-characterized retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) and non-RLR DExD/H-box RNA helicases (e.g., DDX1, DDX3, DHX9, DDX21, DHX36 and DDX41) both involved in recognition of viral RNAs. Another group of PRRs includes cytosolic DNA sensors (CDSs), such as cGAS and LSm14A involved in recognition of viral and intracellular bacterial dsDNAs. Moreover, dsRNA-sensing protein kinase R (PKR), which has a role in antiviral immune responses in higher vertebrates, has been identified in fish. Additionally, fish possess a novel PKR-like protein kinase containing Z-DNA binding domain, known as PKZ. Here, we review the current knowledge concerning cytosolic sensors for recognition of viral and bacterial nucleic acids in teleosts.
Collapse
|
41
|
Long noncoding RNA AANCR modulates innate antiviral responses by blocking miR-210-dependent MITA downregulation in teleost fish, Miichthys miiuy. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:1131-1148. [PMID: 32997329 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Viral infection induces the initiation of antiviral effectors and cytokines which are critical mediators of innate antiviral responses. The critical molecular determinants are responsible for triggering an appropriate immune response. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as new gene modulators involved in various biological processes, while how lncRNAs operate in lower vertebrates are still unknown. Here, we discover a long noncoding RNA, termed antiviral-associated long noncoding RNA (AANCR), as a novel regulator for innate antiviral responses in teleost fish. The results indicate that fish MITA plays an essential role in host antiviral responses and inhibition of Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV) production. miR-210 reduces MITA expression and suppress MITA-mediated antiviral responses, which may help viruses evade host antiviral responses. Further, AANCR functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-210 to control protein abundance of MITA, thereby inhibiting SCRV replication and promoting antiviral responses. Our data not only shed new light on understanding the function role of lncRNA in biological processes in teleost fish, but confirmed the hypothesis that ceRNA networks exist widely in vertebrates.
Collapse
|
42
|
Dutta S, Das N, Mukherjee P. Picking up a Fight: Fine Tuning Mitochondrial Innate Immune Defenses Against RNA Viruses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1990. [PMID: 32983015 PMCID: PMC7487669 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the world faces the challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become an urgent need of the hour to understand how our immune system sense and respond to RNA viruses that are often life-threatening. While most vaccine strategies for these viruses are developed around a programmed antibody response, relatively less attention is paid to our innate immune defenses that can determine the outcome of a viral infection via the production of antiviral cytokines like Type I Interferons. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that the "cytokine storm" induced by aberrant activation of the innate immune response against a viral pathogen may sometimes offer replicative advantage to the virus thus promoting disease pathogenesis. Thus, it is important to fine tune the responses of the innate immune network that can be achieved via a deeper insight into the candidate molecules involved. Several pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) like the Toll like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and the retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) like receptors (RLRs) recognize cytosolic RNA viruses and mount an antiviral immune response. RLRs recognize invasive viral RNA produced during infection and mediate the induction of Type I Interferons via the mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) molecule. It is an intriguing fact that the mitochondrion, one of the cell's most vital organelle, has evolved to be a central hub in this antiviral defense. However, cytokine responses and interferon signaling via MAVS signalosome at the mitochondria must be tightly regulated to prevent overactivation of the immune responses. This review focuses on our current understanding of the innate immune sensing of the host mitochondria by the RLR-MAVS signalosome and its specificity against some of the emerging/re-emerging RNA viruses like Ebola, Zika, Influenza A virus (IAV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that may expand our understanding for novel pharmaceutical development.
Collapse
|
43
|
Lu LF, Zhang C, Zhou XY, Li ZC, Chen DD, Zhou Y, Zhou F, Zhang YA, Li S. Zebrafish RBM47 Promotes Lysosome-Dependent Degradation of MAVS to Inhibit IFN Induction. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1819-1829. [PMID: 32859727 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IFN is essential for hosts to defend against viral invasion, whereas it must be tightly regulated to prevent hyperimmune responses. Fish mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is a vital factor for IFN production, but until now, there have been few studies on the regulation mechanisms of fish MAVS enabling IFN to be properly controlled. In this study, we show that zebrafish RNA-binding motif protein 47 (RBM47) promotes MAVS degradation in a lysosome-dependent manner to suppress IFN production. First, the transcription of IFN activated by polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), spring viremia of carp virus, or retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor pathway components were significantly suppressed by RBM47. Second, RBM47 interacted with MAVS and promoted lysosome-dependent degradation of MAVS, changing the cellular location of MAVS from the cytoplasm to the lysosome region. Finally, RBM47 inhibited downstream MITA and IRF3/7 activation, impairing the host antiviral response. Collectively, these data suggest that zebrafish RBM47 negatively regulates IFN production by promoting lysosome-dependent degradation of MAVS, providing insights into the role of RBM47 in the innate antiviral immune response in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long-Feng Lu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China; and
| | - Zhuo-Cong Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shun Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; .,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li Z, Fan S, Wang J, Chen X, Liao Q, Liu X, Ouyang G, Cao H, Xiao W. Zebrafish F-box Protein fbxo3 Negatively Regulates Antiviral Response through Promoting K27-Linked Polyubiquitination of the Transcription Factors irf3 and irf7. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1897-1908. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
45
|
Zhang P, Yu L, Dong J, Liu Y, Zhang L, Liang P, Wang L, Chen B, Huang L, Song C. Cellular poly(C) binding protein 2 interacts with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus papain-like protease 1 and supports viral replication. Vet Microbiol 2020; 247:108793. [PMID: 32768236 PMCID: PMC7355335 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PLP1 promotes PEDV replication and inhibits expression of TNF-α induced IFN-β. PLP1 interacts with cellular PCBP2. PCBP2 expression affects PEDV replication. The interaction of PCBP2 and PLP1 supports PEDV replication.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) belongs to the Alphacoronavirus genus in the Coronaviridae family. Similar to other coronaviruses, PEDV encodes two papain-like proteases. Papain-like protease (PLP)2 has been proposed to play a key role in antagonizing host innate immunity. However, the function of PLP1 remains unclear. In this study, we found that overexpression of PLP1 significantly promoted PEDV replication and inhibited production of interferon-β. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were used to identify cellular interaction partners of PLP1. Host cell poly(C) binding protein 2 (PCBP2) was determined to bind and interact with PLP1. Both endogenous and overexpressed PCBP2 co-localized with PLP1 in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of PLP1 upregulated expression of PCBP2. Furthermore, overexpression of PCBP2 promoted PEDV replication. Silencing of endogenous PCBP2 using small interfering RNAs attenuated PEDV replication. Taken together, these data demonstrated that PLP1 negatively regulated the production of type 1 interferon by interacting with PCBP2 and promoted PEDV replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- College of Animal Science & National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Linyang Yu
- College of Animal Science & National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianguo Dong
- School of Animal Husbandry and Medical Engineering, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- College of Animal Science & National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Leyi Zhang
- College of Animal Science & National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Pengshuai Liang
- College of Animal Science & National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science & National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bin Chen
- School of Animal Husbandry and Medical Engineering, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Li Huang
- School of Animal Husbandry and Medical Engineering, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Changxu Song
- College of Animal Science & National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Singh KK, Chaubey G, Chen JY, Suravajhala P. Decoding SARS-CoV-2 hijacking of host mitochondria in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C258-C267. [PMID: 32510973 PMCID: PMC7381712 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00224.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Because of the ongoing pandemic around the world, the mechanisms underlying the SARS-CoV-2-induced COVID-19 are subject to intense investigation. Based on available data for the SARS-CoV-1 virus, we suggest how CoV-2 localization of RNA transcripts in mitochondria hijacks the host cell's mitochondrial function to viral advantage. Besides viral RNA transcripts, RNA also localizes to mitochondria. SARS-CoV-2 may manipulate mitochondrial function indirectly, first by ACE2 regulation of mitochondrial function, and once it enters the host cell, open-reading frames (ORFs) such as ORF-9b can directly manipulate mitochondrial function to evade host cell immunity and facilitate virus replication and COVID-19 disease. Manipulations of host mitochondria by viral ORFs can release mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the cytoplasm and activate mtDNA-induced inflammasome and suppress innate and adaptive immunity. We argue that a decline in ACE2 function in aged individuals, coupled with the age-associated decline in mitochondrial functions resulting in chronic metabolic disorders like diabetes or cancer, may make the host more vulnerable to infection and health complications to mortality. These observations suggest that distinct localization of viral RNA and proteins in mitochondria must play essential roles in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Understanding the mechanisms underlying virus communication with host mitochondria may provide critical insights into COVID-19 pathologies. An investigation into the SARS-CoV-2 hijacking of mitochondria should lead to novel approaches to prevent and treat COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Kaul Genetics Building, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gyaneshwer Chaubey
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jake Y Chen
- Department of Genetics, Computer Science, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research Statue Circle, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Singh KK, Chaubey G, Chen JY, Suravajhala P. Decoding SARS-CoV-2 hijacking of host mitochondria in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020. [PMID: 32510973 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00224.202048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Because of the ongoing pandemic around the world, the mechanisms underlying the SARS-CoV-2-induced COVID-19 are subject to intense investigation. Based on available data for the SARS-CoV-1 virus, we suggest how CoV-2 localization of RNA transcripts in mitochondria hijacks the host cell's mitochondrial function to viral advantage. Besides viral RNA transcripts, RNA also localizes to mitochondria. SARS-CoV-2 may manipulate mitochondrial function indirectly, first by ACE2 regulation of mitochondrial function, and once it enters the host cell, open-reading frames (ORFs) such as ORF-9b can directly manipulate mitochondrial function to evade host cell immunity and facilitate virus replication and COVID-19 disease. Manipulations of host mitochondria by viral ORFs can release mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the cytoplasm and activate mtDNA-induced inflammasome and suppress innate and adaptive immunity. We argue that a decline in ACE2 function in aged individuals, coupled with the age-associated decline in mitochondrial functions resulting in chronic metabolic disorders like diabetes or cancer, may make the host more vulnerable to infection and health complications to mortality. These observations suggest that distinct localization of viral RNA and proteins in mitochondria must play essential roles in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Understanding the mechanisms underlying virus communication with host mitochondria may provide critical insights into COVID-19 pathologies. An investigation into the SARS-CoV-2 hijacking of mitochondria should lead to novel approaches to prevent and treat COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Kaul Genetics Building, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gyaneshwer Chaubey
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jake Y Chen
- Department of Genetics, Computer Science, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research Statue Circle, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gorgoglione B, Ringiesn JL, Pham LH, Shepherd BS, Leaman DW. Comparative effects of Novirhabdovirus genes on modulating constitutive transcription and innate antiviral responses, in different teleost host cell types. Virol J 2020; 17:110. [PMID: 32690033 PMCID: PMC7369537 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) are highly contagious, pathogenic Novirhabdoviruses affecting fish and are thusly notifiable diseases with the World Organization for Animal Health. This study assessed the relative capacities of IHNV and VHSV genes to modulate host general transcription and explores the abilities of specific IHNV genes to interfere with the interferon pathway in heterogenous teleost cell-lines. METHODS Optimized protocols allowed for efficient transient transfections in EPC, BF-2, RTG-2 and RTgill-W1 cell lines of plasmids encoding IHNV (M genogroup) and VHSV (-IVb genotype) genes, including N, P, M, G and NV. Their impact on general cellular transcription was measured 48 hours post transfection (hpt) with luciferase constructs driven by a modified β-Actin promoter (pCAG). Their modulation of the innate antiviral immune response was characterized 72 hpt, using luciferase constructs measuring rainbow trout Type I IFN or MX-1 promoter augmentation, upon MAVS co-transfection. RESULTS M was generally confirmed as the strongest constitutive transcriptional suppressor while IHNV P, but not VHSV P, augmented constitutive transcription in fibroblastic cell types. Cell-specific effects were observed for viral G gene, with VHSV G exhibiting suppression of basal transcription in EPC and BF-2 but not in trout cells; while IHNV G was stimulatory in RTG-2, but inhibitory in RTgill-W1. NV consistently stimulated constitutive transcription, with higher augmentation patterns seen in fibroblastic compared to epithelial cells, and for IHNV NV compared to VHSV NV. The innate antiviral immune response, focusing on the IFN pathway, was silenced by IHNV M in all cell lines tested. IHNV N showed a dose-dependent suppression of type I IFN, but with minor effects on MX-1. IHNV P and G played minor IFN-inhibitory roles, consistent and dose-dependent only for G in rainbow trout cells. IHNV NV mediated a consistent stimulatory effect on either Type I IFN or MX-1, but much less pronounced in RTgill-W1. CONCLUSIONS This study extends our understanding of Novirhabdoviruses-host interaction, showing differential innate immune responses in heterogenous cell types. Viral regulators of innate immune signaling are identified, either as dose-dependent suppressors (such as M and N) or stimulators (mainly NV), indicating novel targets for the design of more efficient vaccination strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartolomeo Gorgoglione
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, CVM & Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, CANR - Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 235 Diggs Laboratory / 134 Oelman Hall, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.
| | - Jeffery L Ringiesn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 235 Diggs Laboratory / 134 Oelman Hall, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Loc H Pham
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Brian S Shepherd
- USDA/ARS/School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E. Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA
| | - Douglas W Leaman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 235 Diggs Laboratory / 134 Oelman Hall, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ultraviolet A light effectively reduces bacteria and viruses including coronavirus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236199. [PMID: 32673355 PMCID: PMC7365468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant and novel pathogens continue to emerge, outpacing efforts to contain and treat them. Therefore, there is a crucial need for safe and effective therapies. Ultraviolet-A (UVA) phototherapy is FDA-approved for several dermatological diseases but not for internal applications. We investigated UVA effects on human cells in vitro, mouse colonic tissue in vivo, and UVA efficacy against bacteria, yeast, coxsackievirus group B and coronavirus-229E. Several pathogens and virally transfected human cells were exposed to a series of specific UVA exposure regimens. HeLa, alveolar and primary human tracheal epithelial cell viability was assessed after UVA exposure, and 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine was measured as an oxidative DNA damage marker. Furthermore, wild-type mice were exposed to intracolonic UVA as an in vivo model to assess safety of internal UVA exposure. Controlled UVA exposure yielded significant reductions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridioides difficile, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus mirabilis and Candida albicans. UVA-treated coxsackievirus-transfected HeLa cells exhibited significantly increased cell survival compared to controls. UVA-treated coronavirus-229E-transfected tracheal cells exhibited significant coronavirus spike protein reduction, increased mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein and decreased coronavirus-229E-induced cell death. Specific controlled UVA exposure had no significant effect on growth or 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in three types of human cells. Single or repeated in vivo intraluminal UVA exposure produced no discernible endoscopic, histologic or dysplastic changes in mice. These findings suggest that, under specific conditions, UVA reduces various pathogens including coronavirus-229E, and may provide a safe and effective treatment for infectious diseases of internal viscera. Clinical studies are warranted to further elucidate the safety and efficacy of UVA in humans.
Collapse
|
50
|
Liu Z, Ji J, Jiang X, Shao T, Fan D, Jiang X, Lin A, Xiang L, Shao J. Characterization of cGAS homologs in innate and adaptive mucosal immunities in zebrafish gives evolutionary insights into cGAS‐STING pathway. FASEB J 2020; 34:7786-7809. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902833r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐fei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Jian‐fei Ji
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao‐feng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Shao
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Dong‐dong Fan
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xin‐hang Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Ai‐fu Lin
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Li‐xin Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Jian‐zhong Shao
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|