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Guggemos HD, Kopp A, Voigt K, Fendt M, Graff SL, Mfune JKE, Borgemeister C, Junglen S. Eilat virus isolated from Culex univittatus mosquitoes from the Namibian Zambezi Region influences in vitro superinfection with alpha- and flaviviruses in a virus-species-dependent manner. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0312182. [PMID: 39705228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Alphavirus harbors arboviruses of great concern, such as the Chikungunya virus and the equine encephalitis viruses. Transmission of pathogenic alphaviruses by mosquitoes could be influenced by insect-specific alphaviruses such as Eilat virus (EILV). However, insect-specific alphaviruses are rarely found in wild mosquitoes and only a few have been described in the literature. Here, we report the detection of EILV in a Culex univittatus mosquito from the north-eastern Namibian Zambezi region. Full genome analysis of MP458-NA-2018 showed 94.5% nucleotide identity to an EILV isolate from Israel. MP458-NA-2018 grouped with EILV in phylogenetic analysis and was placed within the clade of insect-specific alphaviruses. The virus was isolated in mosquito cells and shown to be restricted to insects as hosts by the inability to infect different vertebrate cell lines and a complete block of virus replication at 34°C. We further showed that infection of cells with EILV MP458-NA-2018 reduced production of infectious particles of Sindbis virus by 2000-fold over the entire course of infection, whereas reduction rates of Bagaza and Middleburg virus were approximately 3-10-fold and dependent on time after infection. While production of infectious particles of cells superinfected with the Chikungunya virus were approximately 30-fold reduced and more pronounced at a lower multiplicity of infection of 0.01, EILV seemed to enhance production of West Nile virus infectious particles by >5-fold when superinfected at a multiplicitiy of infection of 0.1. In summary, EILV from the Namibian Zambezi region influences in vitro replication of endemic flavi- and alphaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko D Guggemos
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Kopp
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Voigt
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Fendt
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Selina L Graff
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - John K E Mfune
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | | | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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da Paz TYB, Hernández LHA, da Silva FS, Cruz ACR, da Silva SP, Fuzii HT, Massafra JMV, Vianez Júnior JLSG, Deem SL, Oliveira LDC, De Vleeschouwer KM, Catenacci LS. First Description of Loreto Virus in Three Culicidae Species from the Atlantic Forest, Bahia, Brazil. Viruses 2024; 16:1674. [PMID: 39599789 PMCID: PMC11598848 DOI: 10.3390/v16111674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Loreto virus (LORV) is an insect-specific virus classified into the proposed taxon Negevirus. It was originally described in Iquitos, Peru, in 1977. Here, we describe three novel LORV genomes obtained from the isolates of three pooled samples of Trichoprosopon digitatum, Aedes (Ochlerotatus) fulvus, and Limatus durhamii collected in Ilhéus-Bahia, 2014. Samples were submitted to RNA sequencing on the Illumina platform to recover the LORV genome. The genomes presented, on average, 81.5% nucleotide identity and 92.6% global amino acid identity with the LORV reference genome (NC_034158). Subsequently, phylogenetic analysis was performed based on a multiple sequence alignment of the concatenated amino acid sequences predicted for the three ORFs of the Negevirus genomes, and the target sequences were clustered within the LORV clade. The taxon Negevirus is in constant expansion of its species content and host range. New data about insect specific negeviruses are important for virus evolution studies, along with those approaching interactions with the hosts and their influence in the transmission of arboviruses. Also, the assessment of these data may allow the development of biologic control strategies for arboviral vectors. This is the original report of the identification of LORV in Brazil, infecting three Culicidae species hosts native to the Atlantic Forest biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thito Y. Bezerra da Paz
- Parasite Biology in the Amazon Region Graduate Program, Pará State University, Belém 66087-670, PA, Brazil (A.C.R.C.)
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environmental Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Leonardo H. Almeida Hernández
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environmental Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Fábio Silva da Silva
- Parasite Biology in the Amazon Region Graduate Program, Pará State University, Belém 66087-670, PA, Brazil (A.C.R.C.)
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environmental Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Ribeiro Cruz
- Parasite Biology in the Amazon Region Graduate Program, Pará State University, Belém 66087-670, PA, Brazil (A.C.R.C.)
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environmental Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Sandro Patroca da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environmental Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Hellen Thais Fuzii
- Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil
| | - Janaina M. Vasconcelos Massafra
- Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environmental Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - João L. S. G. Vianez Júnior
- Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environmental Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Sharon L. Deem
- Saint Louis Zoo Institute for Conservation Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA (L.S.C.)
| | - Leonardo de Carvalho Oliveira
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Teacher Training, Rio de Janeiro State University (FFP-UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 24435-005, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Lilian Silva Catenacci
- Saint Louis Zoo Institute for Conservation Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA (L.S.C.)
- Departament of Veterinary Morphophisiology, Applied Technologies for Regional Animals (PPGTAIR), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
- Animal Health in the Amazon Graduate Program (PPGSAAM), Federal University of Pará, Castanhal 68746-630, PA, Brazil
- Center for Intelligence on Emergent and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
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Rawle DJ, Hugo LE, Cox AL, Devine GJ, Suhrbier A. Generating prophylactic immunity against arboviruses in vertebrates and invertebrates. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:621-636. [PMID: 38570719 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization recently declared a global initiative to control arboviral diseases. These are mainly caused by pathogenic flaviviruses (such as dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses) and alphaviruses (such as chikungunya and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses). Vaccines represent key interventions for these viruses, with licensed human and/or veterinary vaccines being available for several members of both genera. However, a hurdle for the licensing of new vaccines is the epidemic nature of many arboviruses, which presents logistical challenges for phase III efficacy trials. Furthermore, our ability to predict or measure the post-vaccination immune responses that are sufficient for subclinical outcomes post-infection is limited. Given that arboviruses are also subject to control by the immune system of their insect vectors, several approaches are now emerging that aim to augment antiviral immunity in mosquitoes, including Wolbachia infection, transgenic mosquitoes, insect-specific viruses and paratransgenesis. In this Review, we discuss recent advances, current challenges and future prospects in exploiting both vertebrate and invertebrate immune systems for the control of flaviviral and alphaviral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Rawle
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leon E Hugo
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abigail L Cox
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregor J Devine
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- GVN Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- GVN Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Ramos B, Carvalho V, da Silva E, Freitas M, Barros LJ, Santos M, Pantoja JA, Gonçalves E, Nunes Neto J, Junior JW, Vieira D, Dias D, Cruz AC, Nunes B, Silva S, Aragão C, Casseb A, Martins L. The First Isolation of Insect-Specific Alphavirus ( Agua Salud alphavirus) in Culex (Melanoconion) Mosquitoes in the Brazilian Amazon. Viruses 2024; 16:1355. [PMID: 39339832 PMCID: PMC11436152 DOI: 10.3390/v16091355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in diagnostic techniques coupled with ongoing environmental changes have resulted in intensified surveillance and monitoring of arbovirus circulation in the Amazon. This increased effort has resulted in increased detection of insect-specific viruses among hematophagous arthropods collected in the field. This study aimed to document the first isolation of Agua Salud alphavirus in mosquitoes collected within the Brazilian Amazon. Arthropods belonging to the family Culicidae were collected within a forest fragment located in the Environmental Protection Area of the metropolitan region of Belem. Subsequently, these specimens were meticulously identified to the species level. Afterward, the collected batches were macerated, and the resulting supernatant was then inoculated into C6/36 and Vero cell cultures to facilitate viral isolation. The presence of arboviruses within the inoculated cell cultures was determined through indirect immunofluorescence analysis. Furthermore, positive supernatant samples underwent nucleotide sequencing to precisely identify the viral strains present. Notably, a batch containing Culex (Melanoconion) mosquitoes was identified to be positive for the genus Alphavirus via indirect immunofluorescence. This study is the first report on insect-specific alphavirus isolation in Brazil and the first-ever description of Agua Salud alphavirus isolation within Amazon Forest remnants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Ramos
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, Km 07, s/n, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (V.C.); (E.d.S.); (M.F.); (L.J.B.); (M.S.); (J.A.P.); (E.G.); (J.N.N.); (J.W.J.); (D.V.); (D.D.); (A.C.C.); (B.N.); (S.S.); (C.A.); (L.M.)
- Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, Km 07, s/n, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Valéria Carvalho
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, Km 07, s/n, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (V.C.); (E.d.S.); (M.F.); (L.J.B.); (M.S.); (J.A.P.); (E.G.); (J.N.N.); (J.W.J.); (D.V.); (D.D.); (A.C.C.); (B.N.); (S.S.); (C.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Eliana da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, Km 07, s/n, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (V.C.); (E.d.S.); (M.F.); (L.J.B.); (M.S.); (J.A.P.); (E.G.); (J.N.N.); (J.W.J.); (D.V.); (D.D.); (A.C.C.); (B.N.); (S.S.); (C.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Maria Freitas
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, Km 07, s/n, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (V.C.); (E.d.S.); (M.F.); (L.J.B.); (M.S.); (J.A.P.); (E.G.); (J.N.N.); (J.W.J.); (D.V.); (D.D.); (A.C.C.); (B.N.); (S.S.); (C.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Landeson Junior Barros
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, Km 07, s/n, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (V.C.); (E.d.S.); (M.F.); (L.J.B.); (M.S.); (J.A.P.); (E.G.); (J.N.N.); (J.W.J.); (D.V.); (D.D.); (A.C.C.); (B.N.); (S.S.); (C.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Maissa Santos
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, Km 07, s/n, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (V.C.); (E.d.S.); (M.F.); (L.J.B.); (M.S.); (J.A.P.); (E.G.); (J.N.N.); (J.W.J.); (D.V.); (D.D.); (A.C.C.); (B.N.); (S.S.); (C.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Jamilla Augusta Pantoja
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, Km 07, s/n, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (V.C.); (E.d.S.); (M.F.); (L.J.B.); (M.S.); (J.A.P.); (E.G.); (J.N.N.); (J.W.J.); (D.V.); (D.D.); (A.C.C.); (B.N.); (S.S.); (C.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Ercília Gonçalves
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, Km 07, s/n, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (V.C.); (E.d.S.); (M.F.); (L.J.B.); (M.S.); (J.A.P.); (E.G.); (J.N.N.); (J.W.J.); (D.V.); (D.D.); (A.C.C.); (B.N.); (S.S.); (C.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Joaquim Nunes Neto
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, Km 07, s/n, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (V.C.); (E.d.S.); (M.F.); (L.J.B.); (M.S.); (J.A.P.); (E.G.); (J.N.N.); (J.W.J.); (D.V.); (D.D.); (A.C.C.); (B.N.); (S.S.); (C.A.); (L.M.)
| | - José Wilson Junior
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, Km 07, s/n, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (V.C.); (E.d.S.); (M.F.); (L.J.B.); (M.S.); (J.A.P.); (E.G.); (J.N.N.); (J.W.J.); (D.V.); (D.D.); (A.C.C.); (B.N.); (S.S.); (C.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Durval Vieira
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, Km 07, s/n, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (V.C.); (E.d.S.); (M.F.); (L.J.B.); (M.S.); (J.A.P.); (E.G.); (J.N.N.); (J.W.J.); (D.V.); (D.D.); (A.C.C.); (B.N.); (S.S.); (C.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Daniel Dias
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, Km 07, s/n, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (V.C.); (E.d.S.); (M.F.); (L.J.B.); (M.S.); (J.A.P.); (E.G.); (J.N.N.); (J.W.J.); (D.V.); (D.D.); (A.C.C.); (B.N.); (S.S.); (C.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Ana Cecília Cruz
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, Km 07, s/n, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (V.C.); (E.d.S.); (M.F.); (L.J.B.); (M.S.); (J.A.P.); (E.G.); (J.N.N.); (J.W.J.); (D.V.); (D.D.); (A.C.C.); (B.N.); (S.S.); (C.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, Km 07, s/n, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (V.C.); (E.d.S.); (M.F.); (L.J.B.); (M.S.); (J.A.P.); (E.G.); (J.N.N.); (J.W.J.); (D.V.); (D.D.); (A.C.C.); (B.N.); (S.S.); (C.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Sandro Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, Km 07, s/n, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (V.C.); (E.d.S.); (M.F.); (L.J.B.); (M.S.); (J.A.P.); (E.G.); (J.N.N.); (J.W.J.); (D.V.); (D.D.); (A.C.C.); (B.N.); (S.S.); (C.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Carine Aragão
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, Km 07, s/n, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (V.C.); (E.d.S.); (M.F.); (L.J.B.); (M.S.); (J.A.P.); (E.G.); (J.N.N.); (J.W.J.); (D.V.); (D.D.); (A.C.C.); (B.N.); (S.S.); (C.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Alexandre Casseb
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of Amazônia, President Tancredo Neves Boulevard, 2501, Belem 66077-830, PA, Brazil;
| | - Lívia Martins
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, Km 07, s/n, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (V.C.); (E.d.S.); (M.F.); (L.J.B.); (M.S.); (J.A.P.); (E.G.); (J.N.N.); (J.W.J.); (D.V.); (D.D.); (A.C.C.); (B.N.); (S.S.); (C.A.); (L.M.)
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Guimarães LDO, Bahia SL, Ribeiro GDO, Ramos EDSF, Villanova F, dos Santos Morais V, Telles-de-Deus J, Helfstein VC, dos Santos JM, Pandey RP, Deng X, Delwart E, de Camargo-Neves VLF, da Costa AC, Kirchgatter K, Leal É. New Iflavirus Species Characterized from Mosquitoes Captured in the Sao Paulo Zoological Facilities. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1749. [PMID: 39338426 PMCID: PMC11434248 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Metagenomic studies of mosquito viromes demonstrated a more diverse composition than just an exclusive composition of pathogenic arboviruses transmitted to humans. In our study, the virome of 866 female mosquitoes collected throughout 2020 at the São Paulo Zoo, located in the city of São Paulo/SP-Brazil, was obtained. Specifically, in this paper, we describe a new virus found by viral RNA extraction and next-generation MiSeq sequencing of a group of 23 specimens of Anopheles (Nys.) strodei. The complete genome with a length of 9709 nucleotides was characterized by a positive orientation and a single strand, with a single large ORF, which encodes a polyprotein of 2987 amino acids. The phylogenetic analysis showed an association with the viral family Iflaviridae and the Riboviria realm. We carried out comparisons with translated sequences of the capsid regions of other iflavirus, and the identities in relation to our sequence were below the minimum limit of 90%, indicating that possibly it is a new species of iflavirus. Our findings contribute to expanding knowledge of virome composition among mosquito species in Brazil and globally. Moreover, we provide a viral genome reference specific to this geographic region and Culicidae family of mosquitoes. This resource facilitates future in silico recognition and assembly of viral genomes within metagenomic datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian de Oliveira Guimarães
- Área Técnica de Doenças Vinculadas a Vetores e Hospedeiros Intermediários, Instituto Pasteur, São Paulo 01027-000, SP, Brazil; (L.d.O.G.)
| | - Santana Lobato Bahia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66077-830, PA, Brazil
| | - Geovani de Oliveira Ribeiro
- General-Coordination of Public Health Laboratories, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Brasilia 70723-040, DF, Brazil
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia (UNB), Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiola Villanova
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66077-830, PA, Brazil
| | - Vanessa dos Santos Morais
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil (A.C.d.C.)
| | - Juliana Telles-de-Deus
- Área Técnica de Doenças Vinculadas a Vetores e Hospedeiros Intermediários, Instituto Pasteur, São Paulo 01027-000, SP, Brazil; (L.d.O.G.)
| | - Vanessa Christe Helfstein
- Área Técnica de Doenças Vinculadas a Vetores e Hospedeiros Intermediários, Instituto Pasteur, São Paulo 01027-000, SP, Brazil; (L.d.O.G.)
| | - Jesus Maia dos Santos
- Área Técnica de Doenças Vinculadas a Vetores e Hospedeiros Intermediários, Instituto Pasteur, São Paulo 01027-000, SP, Brazil; (L.d.O.G.)
| | - Ramendra Pati Pandey
- School of Health Sciences and Technology (SoHST), UPES, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, UK, India
| | - Xutao Deng
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eric Delwart
- Department Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Antonio Charlys da Costa
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil (A.C.d.C.)
| | - Karin Kirchgatter
- Área Técnica de Doenças Vinculadas a Vetores e Hospedeiros Intermediários, Instituto Pasteur, São Paulo 01027-000, SP, Brazil; (L.d.O.G.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Élcio Leal
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66077-830, PA, Brazil
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6
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Maia LJ, Silva AB, de Oliveira CH, Campos FS, da Silva LA, de Abreu FVS, Ribeiro BM. Sylvatic Mosquito Viromes in the Cerrado Biome of Minas Gerais, Brazil: Discovery of New Viruses and Implications for Arbovirus Transmission. Viruses 2024; 16:1276. [PMID: 39205250 PMCID: PMC11359572 DOI: 10.3390/v16081276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies on animal virome have mainly concentrated on chordates and medically significant invertebrates, often overlooking sylvatic mosquitoes, constituting a major part of mosquito species diversity. Despite their potential role in arbovirus transmission, the viromes of sylvatic mosquitoes remain largely unexplored. These mosquitoes may also harbor insect-specific viruses (ISVs), affecting arboviral transmission dynamics. The Cerrado biome, known for rapid deforestation and its status as a biodiversity hotspot, offers an ideal setting for investigating mosquito viromes due to potential zoonotic spillover risks from land use changes. This study aimed to characterize the viromes of sylvatic mosquitoes collected from various locations within Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The total RNA was extracted from mosquito pools of Psorophora albipes, Sabethes albiprivus, Sa. chloropterus, Psorophora ferox, and Coquillettidia venezuelensis species, followed by high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Bioinformatic analysis included quality control, contig assembly, and viral detection. Sequencing data analysis revealed 11 near-complete viral genomes (new viruses are indicated with asterisks) across seven viral families and one unassigned genus. These included: Xinmoviridae (Ferox mosquito mononega-like virus* and Albipes mosquito Gordis-like virus*), Phasmaviridae (Sabethes albiprivus phasmavirus*), Lispiviridae (Pedras lispivirus variant MG), Iflaviridae (Sabethes albiprivus iflavivirus*), Virgaviridae (Buriti virga-like virus variant MG and Sabethes albiprivus virgavirus 1*), Flaviviridae (Psorophora ferox flavivirus*), Mesoniviridae (Alphamesonivirus cavallyense variant MG), and the genus Negevirus (Biggie virus variant MG virus and Coquillettidia venezuelensis negevirus*). Moreover, the presence of ISVs and potential novel arboviruses underscores the need for ongoing surveillance and control strategies to mitigate the risk of emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Janssen Maia
- Laboratório de Baculovírus, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (L.J.M.); (L.A.d.S.)
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi 77402-970, Brazil;
| | - Arthur Batista Silva
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi 77402-970, Brazil;
| | - Cirilo Henrique de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais (IFNMG), Salinas 39560-000, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais, Unimontes, Montes Claros 39401-089, Brazil
- Centro Colaborador de Entomologia/Lacoi/IFNMG/Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Salinas, Salinas 39560-000, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Souza Campos
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi 77402-970, Brazil;
- Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Assis da Silva
- Laboratório de Baculovírus, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (L.J.M.); (L.A.d.S.)
| | - Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais (IFNMG), Salinas 39560-000, Brazil;
- Centro Colaborador de Entomologia/Lacoi/IFNMG/Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Salinas, Salinas 39560-000, Brazil
| | - Bergmann Morais Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Baculovírus, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (L.J.M.); (L.A.d.S.)
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Joseph RE, Bozic J, Werling KL, Krizek RS, Urakova N, Rasgon JL. Eilat virus (EILV) causes superinfection exclusion against West Nile virus (WNV) in a strain-specific manner in Culex tarsalis mosquitoes. J Gen Virol 2024; 105:002017. [PMID: 39189607 PMCID: PMC11348563 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.002017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of mosquito-borne illness in the USA. There are currently no human vaccines or therapies available for WNV, and vector control is the primary strategy used to control WNV transmission. The WNV vector Culex tarsalis is also a competent host for the insect-specific virus (ISV) Eilat virus (EILV). ISVs such as EILV can interact with and cause superinfection exclusion (SIE) against human pathogenic viruses in their shared mosquito host, altering vector competence for these pathogenic viruses. The ability to cause SIE and their host restriction make ISVs a potentially safe tool to target mosquito-borne pathogenic viruses. In the present study, we tested whether EILV causes SIE against WNV in mosquito C6/36 cells and C. tarsalis mosquitoes. The titres of both WNV strains - WN02-1956 and NY99 - were suppressed by EILV in C6/36 cells as early as 48-72 h post-superinfection at both m.o.i. values tested in our study. The titres of WN02-1956 at both m.o.i. values remained suppressed in C6/36 cells, whereas those of NY99 showed some recovery towards the final timepoint. The mechanism of SIE remains unknown, but EILV was found to interfere with NY99 attachment in C6/36 cells, potentially contributing to the suppression of NY99 titres. However, EILV had no effect on the attachment of WN02-1956 or internalization of either WNV strain under superinfection conditions. In C. tarsalis, EILV did not affect the infection rate of either WNV strain at either timepoint. However, in mosquitoes, EILV enhanced NY99 infection titres at 3 days post-superinfection, but this effect disappeared at 7 days post-superinfection. In contrast, WN02-1956 infection titres were suppressed by EILV at 7 days post-superinfection. The dissemination and transmission of both WNV strains were not affected by superinfection with EILV at either timepoint. Overall, EILV caused SIE against both WNV strains in C6/36 cells; however, in C. tarsalis, SIE caused by EILV was strain specific potentially owing to differences in the rate of depletion of shared resources by the individual WNV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka E. Joseph
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jovana Bozic
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kristine L. Werling
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Rachel S. Krizek
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Nadya Urakova
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jason L. Rasgon
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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De Coninck L, Soto A, Wang L, De Wolf K, Smitz N, Deblauwe I, Mbigha Donfack KC, Müller R, Delang L, Matthijnssens J. Lack of abundant core virome in Culex mosquitoes from a temperate climate region despite a mosquito species-specific virome. mSystems 2024; 9:e0001224. [PMID: 38742876 PMCID: PMC11237611 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00012-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In arthropod-associated microbial communities, insect-specific viruses (ISVs) are prevalent yet understudied due to limited infectivity outside their natural hosts. However, ISVs might play a crucial role in regulating mosquito populations and influencing arthropod-borne virus transmission. Some studies have indicated a core virome in mosquitoes consisting of mostly ISVs. Employing single mosquito metagenomics, we comprehensively profiled the virome of native and invasive mosquito species in Belgium. This approach allowed for accurate host species determination, prevalence assessment of viruses and Wolbachia, and the identification of novel viruses. Contrary to our expectations, no abundant core virome was observed in Culex mosquitoes from Belgium. In that regard, we caution against rigidly defining mosquito core viromes and encourage nuanced interpretations of other studies. Nonetheless, our study identified 45 viruses of which 28 were novel, enriching our understanding of the mosquito virome and ISVs. We showed that the mosquito virome in this study is species-specific and less dependent on the location where mosquitoes from the same species reside. In addition, because Wolbachia has previously been observed to influence arbovirus transmission, we report the prevalence of Wolbachia in Belgian mosquitoes and the detection of several Wolbachia mobile genetic elements. The observed prevalence ranged from 83% to 92% in members from the Culex pipiens complex.IMPORTANCECulex pipiens mosquitoes are important vectors for arboviruses like West Nile virus and Usutu virus. Virome studies on individual Culex pipiens, and on individual mosquitoes in general, have been lacking. To mitigate this, we sequenced the virome of 190 individual Culex and 8 individual Aedes japonicus mosquitoes. We report the lack of a core virome in these mosquitoes from Belgium and caution the interpretation of other studies in this light. The discovery of new viruses in this study will aid our comprehension of insect-specific viruses and the mosquito virome in general in relation to mosquito physiology and mosquito population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lander De Coninck
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alina Soto
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Mosquito Virology Team, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lanjiao Wang
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Mosquito Virology Team, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien De Wolf
- Department Biomedical Sciences, The Unit of Entomology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Smitz
- Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa (Barcoding Facility for Organisms and Tissues of Policy Concern), Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Isra Deblauwe
- Department Biomedical Sciences, The Unit of Entomology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karelle Celes Mbigha Donfack
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruth Müller
- Department Biomedical Sciences, The Unit of Entomology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Leen Delang
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Mosquito Virology Team, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
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Litov AG, Shchetinin AM, Kholodilov IS, Belova OA, Gadzhikurbanov MN, Ivannikova AY, Kovpak AA, Gushchin VA, Karganova GG. High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals Three Rhabdoviruses Persisting in the IRE/CTVM19 Cell Line. Viruses 2024; 16:576. [PMID: 38675918 PMCID: PMC11054507 DOI: 10.3390/v16040576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell cultures derived from ticks have become a commonly used tool for the isolation and study of tick-borne pathogens and tick biology. The IRE/CTVM19 cell line, originating from embryos of Ixodes ricinus, is one such line. Previously, reovirus-like particles, as well as sequences with similarity to rhabdoviruses and iflaviruses, were detected in the IRE/CTVM19 cell line, suggesting the presence of multiple persisting viruses. Subsequently, the full genome of an IRE/CTVM19-associated rhabdovirus was recovered from a cell culture during the isolation of the Alongshan virus. In the current work, we used high-throughput sequencing to describe a virome of the IRE/CTVM19 cell line. In addition to the previously detected IRE/CTVM19-associated rhabdovirus, two rhabdoviruses were detected: Chimay rhabdovirus and Norway mononegavirus 1. In the follow-up experiments, we were able to detect both positive and negative RNA strands of the IRE/CTVM19-associated rhabdovirus and Norway mononegavirus 1 in the IRE/CTVM19 cells, suggesting their active replication in the cell line. Passaging attempts in cell lines of mammalian origin failed for all three discovered rhabdoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Litov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (M.N.G.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey M. Shchetinin
- Pathogenic Microorganisms Variability Laboratory, Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Ivan S. Kholodilov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (M.N.G.)
| | - Oxana A. Belova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (M.N.G.)
| | - Magomed N. Gadzhikurbanov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (M.N.G.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Y. Ivannikova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (M.N.G.)
| | - Anastasia A. Kovpak
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir A. Gushchin
- Pathogenic Microorganisms Variability Laboratory, Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (V.A.G.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina G. Karganova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (M.N.G.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Carvalho VL, Prakoso D, Schwarz ER, Logan TD, Nunes BTD, Beachboard SE, Long MT. Negevirus Piura Suppresses Zika Virus Replication in Mosquito Cells. Viruses 2024; 16:350. [PMID: 38543716 PMCID: PMC10976066 DOI: 10.3390/v16030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the interaction between the insect-specific virus, Piura virus (PIUV), and the arbovirus Zika virus (ZIKV) in Aedes albopictus cells. We performed coinfection experiments in C6/36 cells. Piura virus (Cor 33 strain, Colombia) and ZIKV (PRVABC58 strain, Puerto Rico) were co-inoculated into C6/36 cells using two multiplicity of infection (MOI) combinations: 0.1 for both viruses and 1.0 for ZIKV, 0.1 for PIUV. Wells were infected in triplicate with either PIUV and ZIKV coinfection, ZIKV-only, or PIUV-only. Mock infected cells served as control wells. The cell suspension was collected daily 7 days post-infection. Zika virus load was titrated by TCID50 on Vero 76 cells. The ZIKV-only infection and PIUV and ZIKV coinfection experiments were also quantified by RT-qPCR. We also investigated whether ZIKV interfered in the PIUV replication. PIUV suppressed the replication of ZIKV, resulting in a 10,000-fold reduction in ZIKV titers within 3 days post-infection. PIUV viral loads were not reduced in the presence of ZIKV. We conclude that, when concurrently infected, PIUV suppresses ZIKV in C6/36 cells while ZIKV does not interfere in PIUV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria L. Carvalho
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Rodovia BR-316, Km 7, s/n, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Dhani Prakoso
- Professor Nidom Foundation, Surabaya, East Java 60236, Indonesia;
| | - Erika R. Schwarz
- Montana Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, 1911 W Lincoln St., Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
| | - Tracey D. Logan
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, 1225 Center Dr. Suite 4101, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Bruno Tardelli Diniz Nunes
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Rodovia BR-316, Km 7, s/n, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Sarah E. Beachboard
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1945 SW 16th Ave., Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Maureen T. Long
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1945 SW 16th Ave., Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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11
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Ribeiro AC, Martins L, Silva H, Freitas MN, Santos M, Gonçalves E, Sousa A, Prazeres I, Santos A, Cruz AC, Silva S, Chiang J, Casseb L, Carvalho V. Viral Interference between the Insect-Specific Virus Brejeira and the Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus In Vitro. Viruses 2024; 16:210. [PMID: 38399986 PMCID: PMC10893346 DOI: 10.3390/v16020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is an encephalitogenic arbovirus (Flaviviridae family) that has a wide geographical distribution in the western hemisphere, especially in the Americas. The negevirus Brejeira (BREV) was isolated for the first time in Brazil in 2005. This study aimed to verify the existence of a possible interfering effect of BREV on the course of SLEV infection and vice versa. We used clone C6/36 cells. Three combinations of MOIs were used (SLEV 0.1 × BREV 1; SLEV 1 × BREV 0.1; SLEV 1 × BREV 1) in the kinetics of up to 7 days and then the techniques of indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), a plaque assay on Vero cells, and RT-PCR were performed. Our results showed that the cytopathic effect (CPE) caused by BREV was more pronounced than the CPE caused by SLEV. Results of IFA, the plaque assay, and RT-PCR showed the suppression of SLEV replication in the co-infection condition in all the MOI combinations used. The SLEV suppression was dose-dependent. Therefore, the ISV Brejeira can suppress SLEV replication in Aedes albopictus cells, but SLEV does not negatively interfere with BREV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Ribeiro
- Post-Graduation Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (L.M.); (M.N.F.); (A.C.C.); (J.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Lívia Martins
- Post-Graduation Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (L.M.); (M.N.F.); (A.C.C.); (J.C.); (L.C.)
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (H.S.); (M.S.); (E.G.); (A.S.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Heloisa Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (H.S.); (M.S.); (E.G.); (A.S.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Maria Nazaré Freitas
- Post-Graduation Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (L.M.); (M.N.F.); (A.C.C.); (J.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Maissa Santos
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (H.S.); (M.S.); (E.G.); (A.S.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Ercília Gonçalves
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (H.S.); (M.S.); (E.G.); (A.S.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Alana Sousa
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (H.S.); (M.S.); (E.G.); (A.S.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Ivy Prazeres
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (H.S.); (M.S.); (E.G.); (A.S.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Alessandra Santos
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (H.S.); (M.S.); (E.G.); (A.S.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Ana Cecilia Cruz
- Post-Graduation Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (L.M.); (M.N.F.); (A.C.C.); (J.C.); (L.C.)
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (H.S.); (M.S.); (E.G.); (A.S.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sandro Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (H.S.); (M.S.); (E.G.); (A.S.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Jannifer Chiang
- Post-Graduation Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (L.M.); (M.N.F.); (A.C.C.); (J.C.); (L.C.)
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (H.S.); (M.S.); (E.G.); (A.S.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Livia Casseb
- Post-Graduation Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (L.M.); (M.N.F.); (A.C.C.); (J.C.); (L.C.)
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (H.S.); (M.S.); (E.G.); (A.S.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Valéria Carvalho
- Post-Graduation Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (L.M.); (M.N.F.); (A.C.C.); (J.C.); (L.C.)
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (H.S.); (M.S.); (E.G.); (A.S.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
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Agboli E, Schulze J, Jansen S, Cadar D, Sreenu VB, Leggewie M, Altinli M, Badusche M, Jöst H, Börstler J, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Schnettler E. Interaction of Mesonivirus and Negevirus with arboviruses and the RNAi response in Culex tarsalis-derived cells. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:361. [PMID: 37833743 PMCID: PMC10576325 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquito-specific viruses (MSVs) comprise a variety of different virus families, some of which are known to interfere with infections of medically important arboviruses. Viruses belonging to the family Mesoniviridae or taxon Negevirus harbor several insect-specific viruses, including MSVs, which are known for their wide geographical distribution and extensive host ranges. Although these viruses are regularly identified in mosquitoes all over the world, their presence in mosquitoes in Germany had not yet been reported. METHODS A mix of three MSVs (Yichang virus [Mesoniviridae] and two negeviruses [Daeseongdong virus and Dezidougou virus]) in a sample that contained a pool of Coquillettidia richiardii mosquitoes collected in Germany was used to investigate the interaction of these viruses with different arboviruses in Culex-derived cells. In addition, small RNA sequencing and analysis of different mosquito-derived cells infected with this MSV mix were performed. RESULTS A strain of Yichang virus (Mesoniviridae) and two negeviruses (Daeseongdong virus and Dezidougou virus) were identified in the Cq. richiardii mosquitoes sampled in Germany, expanding current knowledge of their circulation in central Europe. Infection of mosquito-derived cells with these three viruses revealed that they are targeted by the small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway. In Culex-derived cells, co-infection by these three viruses had varying effects on the representative arboviruses from different virus families (Togaviridae: Semliki forest virus [SFV]; Bunyavirales: Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus [BUNV]; or Flaviviridae: Usutu virus [USUV]). Specifically, persistent MSV co-infection inhibited BUNV infection, as well as USUV infection (but the latter only at specific time points). However, the impact on SFV infection was only noticeable at low multiplicity of infection (MOI 0.1) and at specific time points in combination with the infection status. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results are important findings that will lead to a better understanding of the complex interactions of MSVs, mosquitoes and arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Agboli
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
- School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Jonny Schulze
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Jansen
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, 20148, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Cadar
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Mayke Leggewie
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mine Altinli
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marlis Badusche
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Jöst
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Börstler
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, 20148, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Esther Schnettler
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, 20148, Hamburg, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany.
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13
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Wang J, Chen D, Wei F, Deng J, Su J, Lin X, Wu S. Generation of Stable Cell Lines Expressing Akabane Virus N Protein and Insight into Its Function in Viral Replication. Pathogens 2023; 12:1058. [PMID: 37624018 PMCID: PMC10459709 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Akabane virus (AKAV) is a world wide epidemic arbovirus belonging to the Bunyavirales order that predominantly infects livestock and causes severe congenital malformations. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of AKAV possesses multiple important functions in the virus life cycle, and it is an ideal choice for AKAV detection. In this study, we successfully constructed two stable BHK-21 cell lines (C8H2 and F7E5) that constitutively express the AKAV N protein using a lentivirus system combined with puromycin selection. RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the AKAV N gene was integrated into the BHK-21 cell genome and consistently transcribed. Indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and Western blot (WB) assays proved that both C8H2 and F7E5 cells could react with the AKAV N protein mAb specifically, indicating potential applications in AKAV detection. Furthermore, we analyzed the growth kinetics of AKAV in the C8H2 and F7E5 cell lines and observed temporary inhibition of viral replication at 12, 24 and 36 h postinfection (hpi) compared to BHK-21 cells. Subsequent investigations suggested that the reduced viral replication was linked to the down-regulation of the viral mRNAs (Gc and RdRp). In summary, we have established materials for detecting AKAV and gained new insights into the function of the AKAV N protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Institute of Animal Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; (J.W.); (D.C.); (F.W.); (J.D.); (X.L.)
| | - Dongjie Chen
- Institute of Animal Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; (J.W.); (D.C.); (F.W.); (J.D.); (X.L.)
| | - Fang Wei
- Institute of Animal Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; (J.W.); (D.C.); (F.W.); (J.D.); (X.L.)
| | - Junhua Deng
- Institute of Animal Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; (J.W.); (D.C.); (F.W.); (J.D.); (X.L.)
| | - Jia Su
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Xiangmei Lin
- Institute of Animal Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; (J.W.); (D.C.); (F.W.); (J.D.); (X.L.)
| | - Shaoqiang Wu
- Institute of Animal Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; (J.W.); (D.C.); (F.W.); (J.D.); (X.L.)
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14
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Aragão CF, da Silva SP, do Nascimento BLS, da Silva FS, Nunes Neto JP, Pinheiro VCS, Cruz ACR. Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing Reveals Virome Composition of Mosquitoes from a Transition Ecosystem of North-Northeast Brazil. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1443. [PMID: 37510347 PMCID: PMC10379392 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide diversity of pathogenic mosquito-borne viruses circulate in the Brazilian Amazon, and the intense deforestation can contribute to the spread of these viruses. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the viral diversity in mosquitoes of the genera Aedes, Culex, Haemagogus, and Sabethes from a transition area between the Amazon, Cerrado, and Caatinga biomes in Brazil. Metagenomic high-throughput sequencing was used to characterize the virome of 20 mosquito pools. A total of 15 virus-like genomes were identified, comprising species genomically close to insect-specific viruses of the families Iflaviridae, Metaviridae, Lispiviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Xinmoviridae, and Parvoviridae and species of plant viruses of the families Solemoviridae, Virgaviridae, and Partitiviridae. However, sequences of viruses associated with human and animal diseases were not detected. Most of the recovered genomes were divergent from those previously described. These findings reveal that there are a large number of unknown viruses to be explored in the middle-north of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Fortes Aragão
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Sandro Patroca da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Bruna Laís Sena do Nascimento
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Fábio Silva da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Pinto Nunes Neto
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
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15
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Joseph RE, Bozic J, Werling KL, Urakova N, Rasgon JL. Eilat virus (EILV) causes superinfection exclusion against West NILE virus (WNV) in a strain specific manner in Culex tarsalis mosquitoes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.25.542294. [PMID: 37292979 PMCID: PMC10245884 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.25.542294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of mosquito-borne illness in the United States. There are currently no human vaccines or therapies available for WNV, and vector control is the primary strategy used to control WNV transmission. The WNV vector Culex tarsalis is also a competent host for the insect-specific virus (ISV) Eilat virus (EILV). ISVs such as EILV can interact with and cause superinfection exclusion (SIE) against human pathogenic viruses in their shared mosquito host, altering vector competence for these pathogenic viruses. The ability to cause SIE and their host restriction make ISVs a potentially safe tool to target mosquito-borne pathogenic viruses. In the present study, we tested whether EILV causes SIE against WNV in mosquito C6/36 cells and Culex tarsalis mosquitoes. The titers of both WNV strains-WN02-1956 and NY99-were suppressed by EILV in C6/36 cells as early as 48-72 h post superinfection at both multiplicity of infections (MOIs) tested in our study. The titers of WN02-1956 at both MOIs remained suppressed in C6/36 cells, whereas those of NY99 showed some recovery towards the final timepoint. The mechanism of SIE remains unknown, but EILV was found to interfere with NY99 attachment in C6/36 cells, potentially contributing to the suppression of NY99 titers. However, EILV had no effect on the attachment of WN02-1956 or internalization of either WNV strain under superinfection conditions. In Cx. tarsalis, EILV did not affect the infection rate of either WNV strain at either timepoint. However, in mosquitoes, EILV enhanced NY99 infection titers at 3 days post superinfection, but this effect disappeared at 7 days post superinfection. In contrast, WN02-1956 infection titers were suppressed by EILV at 7 days post-superinfection. The dissemination and transmission of both WNV strains were not affected by superinfection with EILV at either timepoint. Overall, EILV caused SIE against both WNV strains in C6/36 cells; however, in Cx. tarsalis, SIE caused by EILV was strain specific potentially owing to differences in the rate of depletion of shared resources by the individual WNV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka E. Joseph
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jovana Bozic
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Kristine L. Werling
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Current affiliation: Sherlock Biosciences, Watertown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Nadya Urakova
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Current affiliation: Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jason L. Rasgon
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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16
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Cottis S, Blisnick AA, Failloux AB, Vernick KD. Determinants of Chikungunya and O'nyong-Nyong Virus Specificity for Infection of Aedes and Anopheles Mosquito Vectors. Viruses 2023; 15:589. [PMID: 36992298 PMCID: PMC10051923 DOI: 10.3390/v15030589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases caused by viruses and parasites are responsible for more than 700 million infections each year. Anopheles and Aedes are the two major vectors for, respectively, malaria and arboviruses. Anopheles mosquitoes are the primary vector of just one known arbovirus, the alphavirus o'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV), which is closely related to the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), vectored by Aedes mosquitoes. However, Anopheles harbor a complex natural virome of RNA viruses, and a number of pathogenic arboviruses have been isolated from Anopheles mosquitoes in nature. CHIKV and ONNV are in the same antigenic group, the Semliki Forest virus complex, are difficult to distinguish via immunodiagnostic assay, and symptomatically cause essentially the same human disease. The major difference between the arboviruses appears to be their differential use of mosquito vectors. The mechanisms governing this vector specificity are poorly understood. Here, we summarize intrinsic and extrinsic factors that could be associated with vector specificity by these viruses. We highlight the complexity and multifactorial aspect of vectorial specificity of the two alphaviruses, and evaluate the level of risk of vector shift by ONNV or CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Cottis
- Genetics and Genomics of Insect Vectors Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, F-75015 Paris, France
- Graduate School of Life Sciences ED515, Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris VI, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Adrien A. Blisnick
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Kenneth D. Vernick
- Genetics and Genomics of Insect Vectors Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, F-75015 Paris, France
- Graduate School of Life Sciences ED515, Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris VI, 75252 Paris, France
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17
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Heinig-Hartberger M, Hellhammer F, Zöller DDJA, Dornbusch S, Bergmann S, Vocadlova K, Junglen S, Stern M, Lee KZ, Becker SC. Culex Y Virus: A Native Virus of Culex Species Characterized In Vivo. Viruses 2023; 15:235. [PMID: 36680275 PMCID: PMC9863036 DOI: 10.3390/v15010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are vectors of various pathogens that cause diseases in humans and animals. To prevent the outbreak of mosquito-borne diseases, it is essential to control vector populations, as treatment or vaccination for mosquito-borne diseases are often unavailable. Insect-specific viruses (ISVs) have previously been described as being potentially helpful against arboviral disease outbreaks. In this study, we present the first in vivo characterization of the ISV Culex Y virus (CYV). CYV was first isolated from free-living Culex pipiens mosquitoes in 2010; then, it was found in several mosquito cell lines in a further study in 2018. For mammalian cells, we were able to confirm that CYV does not replicate as it was previously described. Additionally, we found that CYV does not replicate in honey bees or locusts. However, we detected replication in the Culex pipiens biotype molestus, Aedes albopictus, and Drosophila melanogaster, thus indicating dipteran specificity. We detected significantly higher mortality in Culex pipiens biotype molestus males and Drosophila melanogaster, but not in Aedes albopictus and female Culex pipiens biotype molestus. CYV could not be transmitted transovarially to offspring, but we detected venereal transmission as well as CYV in mosquitos' saliva, indicating that an oral route of infection would also be possible. CYV's dipteran specificity, transmission routes, and killing effect with respect to Culex males may be used as powerful tools with which to destabilize arbovirus vector populations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Heinig-Hartberger
- Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Fanny Hellhammer
- Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - David D. J. A. Zöller
- Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Susann Dornbusch
- Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stella Bergmann
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Katerina Vocadlova
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Stern
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kwang-Zin Lee
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie C. Becker
- Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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18
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He YJ, Ye ZX, Zhang CX, Li JM, Chen JP, Lu G. An RNA Virome Analysis of the Pink-Winged Grasshopper Atractomorpha sinensis. INSECTS 2022; 14:9. [PMID: 36661938 PMCID: PMC9862791 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A large number of RNA viruses have been discovered in most insect orders using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and advanced bioinformatics methods. In this study, an RNA virome of the grasshopper was systematically identified in Atractomorpha sinensis (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae), an important agricultural pest known as the pink-winged grasshopper. These insect viruses were classified as the nege-like virus, iflavirus, ollusvirus, and chu-like virus using HTS and phylogenetic analyses. Meanwhile, the full sequences of four novel RNA viruses were obtained with RACE and named Atractomorpha sinensis nege-like virus 1 (ASNV1), Atractomorpha sinensis iflavirus 1 (ASIV1), Atractomorpha sinensis ollusvirus 1 (ASOV1), and Atractomorpha sinensis chu-like virus 1 (ASCV1), respectively. Moreover, the analysis of virus-derived small interfering RNAs showed that most of the RNA viruses were targeted by the host antiviral RNA interference pathway. Moreover, our results provide a comprehensive analysis on the RNA virome of A. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gang Lu
- Correspondence: (J.-P.C.); (G.L.)
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19
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Vertical and Horizontal Transmission of Cell Fusing Agent Virus in Aedes aegypti. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0106222. [PMID: 36036577 PMCID: PMC9499017 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01062-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell fusing agent virus (CFAV) is an insect-specific flavivirus (ISF) found in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. ISFs have demonstrated the ability to modulate the infection or transmission of arboviruses such as dengue, West Nile, and Zika viruses. It is thought that vertical transmission is the main route for ISF maintenance in nature. This has been observed with CFAV, but there is evidence of horizontal and venereal transmission in other ISFs. Understanding the route of transmission can inform strategies to spread ISFs to vector populations as a method of controlling pathogenic arboviruses. We crossed individually reared male and female mosquitoes from both a naturally occurring CFAV-positive Ae. aegypti colony and its negative counterpart to provide information on maternal, paternal, and horizontal transmission. RT-PCR was used to detect CFAV in individual female pupal exuviae and was 89% sensitive, but only 42% in male pupal exuviae. This is a possible way to screen individuals for infection without destroying the adults. Female-to-male horizontal transmission was not observed during this study. However, there was a 31% transmission rate from mating pairs of CFAV-positive males to negative female mosquitoes. Maternal vertical transmission was observed with a filial infection rate of 93%. The rate of paternal transmission was 85% when the female remained negative, 61% when the female acquired CFAV horizontally, and 76% overall. Maternal and paternal transmission of CFAV could allow the introduction of this virus into wild Ae. aegypti populations through male or female mosquito releases, and thus provides a potential strategy for ISF-derived arbovirus control. IMPORTANCE Insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs), are a group of nonpathogenic flaviviruses that only infect insects. ISFs can have a high prevalence in mosquito populations, but their transmission routes are not well understood. The results of this study confirm maternal transmission of cell fusing agent virus (CFAV) and demonstrate that paternal transmission is also highly efficient. Horizontal transmission of CFAV was also observed, aided by evaluation of the pupal infection status before mating with an infected individual. This technique of detecting infection in discarded pupae exuviae has not been evaluated previously and will be a useful tool for others in the field of studying viral transmission in mosquitoes. Identifying these routes of transmission provides information about how CFAV could be maintained in wild populations of mosquitoes and can aid future studies focusing on interactions of CFAV with their hosts and other viruses that infect mosquitoes.
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20
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Wang GH, Du J, Chu CY, Madhav M, Hughes GL, Champer J. Symbionts and gene drive: two strategies to combat vector-borne disease. Trends Genet 2022; 38:708-723. [PMID: 35314082 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes bring global health problems by transmitting parasites and viruses such as malaria and dengue. Unfortunately, current insecticide-based control strategies are only moderately effective because of high cost and resistance. Thus, scalable, sustainable, and cost-effective strategies are needed for mosquito-borne disease control. Symbiont-based and genome engineering-based approaches provide new tools that show promise for meeting these criteria, enabling modification or suppression approaches. Symbiotic bacteria like Wolbachia are maternally inherited and manipulate mosquito host reproduction to enhance their vertical transmission. Genome engineering-based gene drive methods, in which mosquitoes are genetically altered to spread drive alleles throughout wild populations, are also proving to be a potentially powerful approach in the laboratory. Here, we review the latest developments in both symbionts and gene drive-based methods. We describe some notable similarities, as well as distinctions and obstacles, relating to these promising technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jie Du
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chen Yi Chu
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mukund Madhav
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Grant L Hughes
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Jackson Champer
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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21
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Interactions of the Insect-Specific Palm Creek Virus with Zika and Chikungunya Viruses in Aedes Mosquitoes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081652. [PMID: 34442731 PMCID: PMC8402152 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Palm Creek virus (PCV) is an insect-specific flavivirus that can interfere with the replication of mosquito-borne flaviviruses in Culex mosquitoes, thereby potentially reducing disease transmission. We examined whether PCV could interfere with arbovirus replication in Aedes (Ae.) aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes, major vectors for many prominent mosquito-borne viral diseases. We infected laboratory colonies of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus with PCV to evaluate infection dynamics. PCV infection was found to persist to at least 21 days post-infection and could be detected in the midguts and ovaries. We then assayed for PCV-arbovirus interference by orally challenging PCV-infected mosquitoes with Zika and chikungunya viruses. For both arboviruses, PCV infection had no effect on infection and transmission rates, indicating limited potential as a method of intervention for Aedes-transmitted arboviruses. We also explored the hypothesis that PCV-arbovirus interference is mediated by the small interfering RNA pathway in silico. Our findings indicate that RNA interference is unlikely to underlie the mechanism of arbovirus inhibition and emphasise the need for empirical examination of individual pairs of insect-specific viruses and arboviruses to fully understand their impact on arbovirus transmission.
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