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Costa-Fujishima M, Yazdanpanah A, Horne S, Lamont A, Lopez P, Farr Zuend C, Birse K, Taverner M, Greenslade R, Abou M, Noel-Romas L, Abrenica B, Ajibola O, Ikeogu N, Su RC, McKinnon LR, Pymar H, Poliquin V, Berard AR, Burgener AD, Murooka TT. Nonoptimal bacteria species induce neutrophil-driven inflammation and barrier disruption in the female genital tract. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:341-356. [PMID: 37121385 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment and activation within the female genital tract are often associated with tissue inflammation, loss of vaginal epithelial barrier integrity, and increased risk for sexually transmitted infections, such as HIV-1. However, the direct role of neutrophils on vaginal epithelial barrier function during genital inflammation in vivo remains unclear. Using complementary proteome and immunological analyses, we show high neutrophil influx into the lower female genital tract in response to physiological surges in progesterone, stimulating distinct stromal, immunological, and metabolic signaling pathways. However, despite the release of extracellular matrix-modifying proteases and inflammatory mediators, neutrophils contributed little to physiological mucosal remodeling events such as epithelial shedding or re-epithelialization during transition from diestrus to estrus phase. In contrast, the presence of bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria resulted in a rapid and sustained neutrophil recruitment, resulting in vaginal epithelial barrier leakage and decreased cell-cell junction protein expression in vivo. Thus, neutrophils are important mucosal sentinels that rapidly respond to various biological cues within the female genital tract, dictating the magnitude and duration of the ensuing inflammatory response at steady state and during disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Costa-Fujishima
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Atta Yazdanpanah
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Samantha Horne
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; University of Manitoba, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Alana Lamont
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada; National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Paul Lopez
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Christina Farr Zuend
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Kenzie Birse
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; University of Manitoba, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Morgan Taverner
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Riley Greenslade
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Max Abou
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Laura Noel-Romas
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; University of Manitoba, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Bernard Abrenica
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Oluwaseun Ajibola
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Nnamdi Ikeogu
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ruey-Chyi Su
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada; National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Lyle R McKinnon
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Helen Pymar
- University of Manitoba, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Vanessa Poliquin
- University of Manitoba, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Alicia R Berard
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; University of Manitoba, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Adam D Burgener
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; University of Manitoba, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada; Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas T Murooka
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, Canada; University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Mass spectrometry analysis of gut tissue in acute SIV-infection in rhesus macaques identifies early proteome alterations preceding the interferon inflammatory response. Sci Rep 2023; 13:690. [PMID: 36639424 PMCID: PMC9839751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV infection damages the gut mucosa leading to chronic immune activation, increased morbidities and mortality, and antiretroviral therapies, do not completely ameliorate mucosal dysfunction. Understanding early molecular changes in acute infection may identify new biomarkers underlying gut dysfunction. Here we utilized a proteomics approach, coupled with flow cytometry, to characterize early molecular and immunological alterations during acute SIV infection in gut tissue of rhesus macaques. Gut tissue biopsies were obtained at 2 times pre-infection and 4 times post-infection from 6 macaques. The tissue proteome was analyzed by mass spectrometry, and immune cell populations in tissue and blood by flow cytometry. Significant proteome changes (p < 0.05) occurred at 3 days post-infection (dpi) (13.0%), 14 dpi (13.7%), 28 dpi (16.9%) and 63 dpi (14.8%). At 3 dpi, proteome changes included cellular structural activity, barrier integrity, and activation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) (FDR < 0.0001) prior to the antiviral response at 14 dpi (IFNa/g pathways, p < 0.001). Novel EMT proteomic biomarkers (keratins 2, 6A and 20, collagen 12A1, desmoplakin) and inflammatory biomarkers (PSMB9, FGL2) were associated with early infection and barrier dysfunction. These findings identify new biomarkers preceding inflammation in SIV infection involved with EMT activation. This warrants further investigation of the role of these biomarkers in chronic infection, mucosal inflammation, and disease pathogenesis of HIV.
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Bick AJ, Avenant C, Tomasicchio M, van der Spuy Z, Hapgood JP. Increased HIV-1 infection in PBMCs treated in vitro with menstrual cycle phase hormones or medroxyprogesterone acetate likely occurs via different mechanisms. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 88:e13643. [PMID: 36302121 PMCID: PMC9884997 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Both luteal phase progesterone (P4) levels and use of the intramuscular (IM) injectable progestin-only contraceptive depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM) have been linked to increased S/HIV acquisition in animal, clinical and in vitro models. Several plausible mechanisms could explain MPA-induced HIV-1 acquisition while those for the luteal phase are underexplored. METHOD OF STUDY Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with P4 and estrogen at concentrations mimicking the luteal phase, follicular phase or with levels of MPA mimicking peak serum levels in DMPA-IM users. Cells were infected with an R5-tropic infectious molecular clone and HIV-1 infection was measured. A role for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was investigated using the GR/PR antagonist RU486. CCR5 protein levels and activation status, assessed by levels of the activation marker CD69, were measured by flow cytometry after treatment in vitro and in PBMCs from naturally-cycling women or DMPA-IM users. RESULTS Both MPA and luteal phase hormones significantly increased HIV-1 infection in vitro. However, MPA but not luteal phase hormones increased the CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio, CCR5 protein expression on CD4+ T cells and increased expression of the activation marker CD69. The GR is involved in MPA-induced, but not luteal phase hormone-induced increased HIV-1 infection. In DMPA-IM users, the frequency of CCR5-expressing CD3+ and CD8+ cells was higher than for women in the luteal phase. CONCLUSIONS MPA increases HIV-1 infection in a manner different from that of luteal phase hormones, most likely involving the GR and at least in part changes in the frequency and/or expression of CCR5 and CD69.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J. Bick
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Chanel Avenant
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michele Tomasicchio
- Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and UCT Lung Institute, South Africa.,South African MRC Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zephne van der Spuy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Janet P. Hapgood
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town South Africa.,Corresponding author:
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Petkov S, Herrera C, Else L, Lebina L, Opoka D, Seiphetlo TB, Pillay ADAP, Mugaba S, Namubiru P, Odoch G, Ssemata AS, Serwanga J, Kaleebu P, Webb EL, Khoo S, Martinson N, Gray CM, Fox J, Chiodi F. Short-term oral pre-exposure prophylaxis against HIV-1 modulates the transcriptome of foreskin tissue in young men in Africa. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1009978. [PMID: 36479111 PMCID: PMC9720390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1009978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst short-term oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with antiretroviral drugs in men who have sex with men has shown protection against HIV-1 infection, the impact of this regimen on the in vivo foreskin transcriptome is unknown. We collected foreskin tissue after voluntary medical male circumcision from 144 young men (72 from Uganda and 72 from South Africa) randomized to one to two doses of either oral tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate (FTC-TDF) or tenofovir alafenamide (FTC-TAF) or no drug (untreated controls). This novel approach allowed us to examine the impact of short-term oral PrEP on transcriptome of the male genital tract. A single dose of FTC-TDF did not affect the foreskin transcriptome in relation to control arm, however one dose of FTC-TAF induced upregulation of four genes AKAP8, KIAA0141, HSCB and METTL17. Following two doses of either FTC-TDF or FTC-TAF, there was an increase in 34 differentially expressed genes for FTC-TDF and 15 for FTC-TAF, with nine DEGs in common: KIAA0141, SAFB2, CACTIN, FXR2, AKAP8, HSCB, CLNS1A, DDX27 and DCAF15. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed modulation of biological processes related to mitochondrial stress (KIAA0141, HSCB and METTL17), anti-viral and anti-inflammatory pathways (CACTIN and AKAP8). Our results show that short-course on-demand oral PrEP in men modulates genes in foreskin tissue which are likely unfavorable to HIV acquisition and replication. We also describe an upregulated expression of genes involved in diverse mitochondria biology which may potentially result in worsened mitochondria-related. These results warrant further studies to assess the role of short-course and prolonged oral PrEP on biological processes of the foreskin mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Petkov
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina Herrera
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Else
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Limakatso Lebina
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Daniel Opoka
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thabiso B. Seiphetlo
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Azure-Dee AP. Pillay
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Susan Mugaba
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Namubiru
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey Odoch
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S. Ssemata
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Serwanga
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily L. Webb
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saye Khoo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Martinson
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Clive M. Gray
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Biomedical Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julie Fox
- Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Chiodi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Li F, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Yin J, Qiu Y, Gao J, Zhu F. POSREG: proteomic signature discovered by simultaneously optimizing its reproducibility and generalizability. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6532538. [PMID: 35183059 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based proteomic technique has become indispensable in current exploration of complex and dynamic biological processes. Instrument development has largely ensured the effective production of proteomic data, which necessitates commensurate advances in statistical framework to discover the optimal proteomic signature. Current framework mainly emphasizes the generalizability of the identified signature in predicting the independent data but neglects the reproducibility among signatures identified from independently repeated trials on different sub-dataset. These problems seriously restricted the wide application of the proteomic technique in molecular biology and other related directions. Thus, it is crucial to enable the generalizable and reproducible discovery of the proteomic signature with the subsequent indication of phenotype association. However, no such tool has been developed and available yet. Herein, an online tool, POSREG, was therefore constructed to identify the optimal signature for a set of proteomic data. It works by (i) identifying the proteomic signature of good reproducibility and aggregating them to ensemble feature ranking by ensemble learning, (ii) assessing the generalizability of ensemble feature ranking to acquire the optimal signature and (iii) indicating the phenotype association of discovered signature. POSREG is unique in its capacity of discovering the proteomic signature by simultaneously optimizing its reproducibility and generalizability. It is now accessible free of charge without any registration or login requirement at https://idrblab.org/posreg/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengcheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiayi Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Berard AR, Miller C, Araínga M, Broedlow CA, Noël-Romas L, Schifanella L, Hensley-McBain T, Roederer A, Driscoll C, Coronado E, Manuzak J, McKinnon LR, Villinger FJ, Hope TJ, Burgener AD, Klatt NR. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Susceptibility, Immunology, and Microbiome in the Female Genital Tract of Adolescent Versus Adult Pigtail Macaques. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2021; 37:510-522. [PMID: 33446027 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2020.0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In Sub-Saharan Africa, young women 15-24 years of age account for nearly 30% of all new HIV infections, however, biological and epidemiological factors underlying this disproportionate infection rate are unclear. In this study, we assessed biological contributors of SIV/HIV susceptibility in the female genital tract (FGT) using adolescent (n = 9) and adult (n = 10) pigtail macaques (PTMs) with weekly low-dose intravaginal challenges of SIV. Immunological variables were captured in vaginal tissue of PTMs by flow cytometry and cytokine assays. Vaginal biopsies were profiled by proteomic analysis. The vaginal microbiome was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing. We were powered to detect a 2.2-fold increase in infection rates between age groups, however, we identified no significant differences in susceptibility. This model cannot capture epidemiological factors or may not best represent biological differences of HIV susceptibility. No immune cell subsets measured were significantly different between groups. Inflammatory marker MCP-1 was significantly higher (adj p = .02), and sCD40L trended higher (adj p = .06) in vaginal cytobrushes of adults. Proteomic analysis of vaginal biopsies showed no significant (adj p < .05) protein or pathway differences between groups. Vaginal microbiomes were not significantly different between groups. No differences were observed between age groups in this PTM model, however, these animals may not reflect biological factors contributing to HIV risk such as those found in their human counterparts. This model is therefore not appropriate to explore human adolescent differences in HIV risk. Young women remain a key population at risk for HIV infection, and there is still a need for comprehensive assessment and intervention strategies for epidemic control of this uniquely vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia R Berard
- University of Manitoba, 8664, Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Charlene Miller
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 12235, Pediatrics, Miami, Florida, United States
- University of Washington, 7284, Pharmaceutics, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Mariluz Araínga
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 4365, New Iberia Research Centre, Lafayette, Louisiana, United States
| | - Courtney Ann Broedlow
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 12235, Pediatrics, Miami, Florida, United States
- University of Washington, 7284, Pharmaceutics, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Laura Noël-Romas
- University of Manitoba, 8664, Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Luca Schifanella
- University of Minnesota System, 311816, Department of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Tiffany Hensley-McBain
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 12235, Pediatrics, Miami, Florida, United States
- University of Washington, 7284, Pharmaceutics, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Alex Roederer
- University of Washington, 7284, Pharmaceutics, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Connor Driscoll
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 12235, Pediatrics, Miami, Florida, United States
- University of Washington, 7284, Pharmaceutics, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Ernesto Coronado
- University of Washington, 7284, Pharmaceutics, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jennifer Manuzak
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 12235, Pediatrics, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Lyle R McKinnon
- University of Manitoba, 8664, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 745 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 0J9
- Centre for the Aids Programme of Research in South Africa, 470329, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Francois J Villinger
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 4365, New Iberia Research Centre, Lafayette, Louisiana, United States
| | - Thomas J Hope
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 12244, Cell and Molecular Biology, Chicago, Illinois, United States,
| | - Adam D Burgener
- Case Western Reserve University, 2546, Center for Global Health and Disease, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- University of Manitoba, 8664, Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Karolinska Institute, 27106, Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nichole R Klatt
- University of Minnesota System, 311816, Department of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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HIV-Exposed Seronegative Sex Workers Express Low T-Cell Activation and an Intact Ectocervical Tissue Microenvironment. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030217. [PMID: 33806390 PMCID: PMC7998094 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological correlates of natural resistance to HIV have been identified in HIV-exposed seronegative (HESN) individuals and include a low-inflammatory genital mucosal status. The cervicovaginal epithelium has not been studied for such correlates despite constituting an important barrier against sexual HIV transmission. To fill this gap in knowledge, we collected samples of blood, cervical mononuclear cells, cervicovaginal lavage, and ectocervical tissue from Kenyan HESN sex workers (n = 29) and controls (n = 33). The samples were analyzed by flow cytometry, protein profiling, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, in situ image analysis, and tissue-based RNA sequencing. A significantly higher relative proportion of regulatory T cells in blood (B7+CD25hiFoxP3+CD127loCD4+ and B7+Helios+FoxP3+CD4+), and a significantly lower proportion of activated cervical T cells (CCR5+CD69+CD4+ and CCR5+CD69+CD8+), were found in the HESN group compared with the controls. In contrast, there were no statistically significant differences between the study groups in cervicovaginal protein and microbiome compositions, ectocervical epithelial thickness, E-cadherin expression, HIV receptor expression, and tissue RNA transcriptional profiles. The identification of an intact ectocervical microenvironment in HESN individuals add new data to current knowledge about natural resistance to sexual transmission of HIV.
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Farr Zuend C, Noël-Romas L, Hoger S, McCorriser S, Westmacott G, Marrazzo J, Hillier SL, Dezzutti C, Squires K, Bunge KE, Burgener A. Influence of dapivirine vaginal ring use on cervicovaginal immunity and functional microbiome in adolescent girls. AIDS 2021; 35:369-380. [PMID: 33181534 PMCID: PMC7924934 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The antiretroviral-based dapivirine vaginal ring reduced HIV risk among women in phase III clinical trials. However, limited data exists on the impact of dapivirine on the vaginal microenvironment in adolescents. DESIGN A comprehensive metaproteomics approach was used to assess host proteome and microbiome changes in cervicovaginal mucus with dapivirine ring use in adolescents enrolled in the MTN-023/IPM 030 (MTN-023) trial. METHODS Participants were randomized 3 : 1 to use dapivirine or placebo vaginal rings monthly for 6 months. Cervicovaginal samples from a subset of 35 participants (8 placebo, 27 dapivirine) were analyzed. RESULTS Mass spectrometry analysis identified 405 human and 2467 bacterial proteins belonging to 15 unique genera. The host proteome belonged to many functional pathways primarily related to inflammation. When stratified by study treatment arm, 18 (4.4%) and 28 (6.9%) human proteins were differentially abundant (adjusted P < 0.05) between baseline and follow-up in the placebo and dapivirine arms, respectively. The vaginal microbiome was predominantly composed of Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, and Prevotella. Although bacterial taxa did not differ by arm or change significantly, Lactobacillus crispatus increased (P < 0.001) and Lactobacillus iners decreased (P < 0.001) during the 6-month follow-up. There were no significant differences in bacterial functions by arm or time in the trial. Protected vaginal sex significantly associated with decreased neutrophil inflammatory biomarkers and may be associated with changes in bacterial taxa and metabolism. CONCLUSION Condom use may associate with differences to inflammation and bacterial function but dapivirine ring use does not, thereby supporting the mucosal safety profile of this vaginal ring for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Farr Zuend
- Center for Global health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura Noël-Romas
- Center for Global health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba
| | - Sarah Hoger
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba
| | - Stuart McCorriser
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Garrett Westmacott
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jeanne Marrazzo
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sharon L. Hillier
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
- Magee-Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh
| | - Charlene Dezzutti
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
- Magee-Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh
| | - Kathleen Squires
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine E. Bunge
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
- Magee-Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh
| | - Adam Burgener
- Center for Global health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Li H, Omange RW, Liang B, Toledo N, Hai Y, Liu LR, Schalk D, Crecente-Campo J, Dacoba TG, Lambe AB, Lim SY, Li L, Kashem MA, Wan Y, Correia-Pinto JF, Seaman MS, Liu XQ, Balshaw RF, Li Q, Schultz-Darken N, Alonso MJ, Plummer FA, Whitney JB, Luo M. Vaccine targeting SIVmac251 protease cleavage sites protects macaques against vaginal infection. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:6429-6442. [PMID: 32853182 DOI: 10.1172/jci138728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
After over 3 decades of research, an effective anti-HIV vaccine remains elusive. The recently halted HVTN702 clinical trial not only further stresses the challenge to develop an effective HIV vaccine but also emphasizes that unconventional and novel vaccine strategies are urgently needed. Here, we report that a vaccine focusing the immune response on the sequences surrounding the 12 viral protease cleavage sites (PCSs) provided greater than 80% protection to Mauritian cynomolgus macaques against repeated intravaginal SIVmac251 challenges. The PCS-specific T cell responses correlated with vaccine efficacy. The PCS vaccine did not induce immune activation or inflammation known to be associated with increased susceptibility to HIV infection. Machine learning analyses revealed that the immune microenvironment generated by the PCS vaccine was predictive of vaccine efficacy. Our study demonstrates, for the first time to our knowledge, that a vaccine which targets only viral maturation, but lacks full-length Env and Gag immunogens, can prevent intravaginal infection in a stringent macaque/SIV challenge model. Targeting HIV maturation thus offers a potentially novel approach to developing an effective HIV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhao Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Robert W Omange
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Binhua Liang
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nikki Toledo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yan Hai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lewis R Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Dane Schalk
- Scientific Protocol Implementation Unit, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jose Crecente-Campo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tamara G Dacoba
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - So-Yon Lim
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lin Li
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mohammad Abul Kashem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yanmin Wan
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jorge F Correia-Pinto
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiao Qing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Robert F Balshaw
- Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Qingsheng Li
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Nancy Schultz-Darken
- Scientific Protocol Implementation Unit, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Maria J Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francis A Plummer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James B Whitney
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ma Luo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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10
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Wessels JM, Nguyen PV, Vitali D, Mueller K, Vahedi F, Felker AM, Dupont HA, Bagri P, Verschoor CP, Deshiere A, Mazzulli T, Tremblay MJ, Ashkar AA, Kaushic C. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) enhances susceptibility and increases the window of vulnerability to HIV-1 in humanized mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3894. [PMID: 33594113 PMCID: PMC7887257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The progestin-based hormonal contraceptive Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) is widely used in sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV-1 is endemic. Meta-analyses have shown that women using DMPA are 40% more likely than women not using hormonal contraceptives to acquire Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1). Therefore understanding how DMPA increases susceptibility to HIV-1 is an important public health issue. Using C57BL/6 mice and our previously optimized humanized mouse model (NOD-Rag1tm1Mom Il2rgtm1Wjl transplanted with hCD34-enriched hematopoietic stem cells; Hu-mice) where peripheral blood and tissues are reconstituted by human immune cells, we assessed how DMPA affected mucosal barrier function, HIV-1 susceptibility, viral titres, and target cells compared to mice in the diestrus phase of the estrous cycle, when endogenous progesterone is highest. We found that DMPA enhanced FITC-dextran dye leakage from the vaginal tract into the systemic circulation, enhanced target cells (hCD68+ macrophages, hCD4+ T cells) in the vaginal tract and peripheral blood (hCD45+hCD3+hCD4+hCCR5+ T cells), increased the rate of intravaginal HIV-1 infection, extended the window of vulnerability, and lowered vaginal viral titres following infection. These findings suggest DMPA may enhance susceptibility to HIV-1 in Hu-mice by impairing the vaginal epithelial barrier, increasing vaginal target cells (including macrophages), and extending the period of time during which Hu-mice are susceptible to infection; mechanisms that might also affect HIV-1 susceptibility in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M Wessels
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, MDCL Room 4014, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Philip V Nguyen
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, MDCL Room 4014, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Danielle Vitali
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, MDCL Room 4014, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Kristen Mueller
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, MDCL Room 4014, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Vahedi
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, MDCL Room 4014, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Allison M Felker
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, MDCL Room 4014, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Haley A Dupont
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, MDCL Room 4014, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Puja Bagri
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, MDCL Room 4014, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Chris P Verschoor
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alexandre Deshiere
- Axe Des Maladies Infectieuses Et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Tony Mazzulli
- Public Health Laboratories, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital/University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michel J Tremblay
- Axe Des Maladies Infectieuses Et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Ali A Ashkar
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, MDCL Room 4014, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Charu Kaushic
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, MDCL Room 4014, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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11
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Birse KD, Kratzer K, Zuend CF, Mutch S, Noël-Romas L, Lamont A, Abou M, Jalil E, Veloso V, Grinsztejn B, Friedman RK, Broliden K, Bradley F, Poliquin V, Li F, Yanavich C, Burgener A, Aldrovandi G. The neovaginal microbiome of transgender women post-gender reassignment surgery. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:61. [PMID: 32370783 PMCID: PMC7201977 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender reassignment surgery is a procedure some transgender women (TW) undergo for gender-affirming purposes. This often includes the construction of a neovagina using existing penile and scrotal tissue and/or a sigmoid colon graft. There are limited data regarding the composition and function of the neovaginal microbiome representing a major gap in knowledge in neovaginal health. RESULTS Metaproteomics was performed on secretions collected from the neovaginas (n = 5) and rectums (n = 7) of TW surgically reassigned via penile inversion/scrotal graft with (n = 1) or without (n = 4) a sigmoid colon graft extension and compared with secretions from cis vaginas (n = 32). We identified 541 unique bacterial proteins from 38 taxa. The most abundant taxa in the neovaginas were Porphyromonas (30.2%), Peptostreptococcus (9.2%), Prevotella (9.0%), Mobiluncus (8.0%), and Jonquetella (7.2%), while cis vaginas were primarily Lactobacillus and Gardnerella. Rectal samples were mainly composed of Prevotella and Roseburia. Neovaginas (median Shannon's H index = 1.33) had higher alpha diversity compared to cis vaginas (Shannon's H = 0.35) (p = 7.2E-3, Mann-Whitney U test) and were more similar to the non-Lactobacillus dominant/polymicrobial cis vaginas based on beta diversity (perMANOVA, p = 0.001, r2 = 0.342). In comparison to cis vaginas, toll-like receptor response, amino acid, and short-chain fatty acid metabolic pathways were increased (p < 0.01), while keratinization and cornification proteins were decreased (p < 0.001) in the neovaginal proteome. CONCLUSIONS Penile skin-lined neovaginas have diverse, polymicrobial communities that show similarities in composition to uncircumcised penises and host responses to cis vaginas with bacterial vaginosis (BV) including increased immune activation pathways and decreased epithelial barrier function. Developing a better understanding of microbiome-associated inflammation in the neovaginal environment will be important for improving our knowledge of neovaginal health. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzie D Birse
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 745 Logan Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3 L5, Canada
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kateryna Kratzer
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 745 Logan Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3 L5, Canada
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Christina Farr Zuend
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 745 Logan Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3 L5, Canada
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sarah Mutch
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 745 Logan Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3 L5, Canada
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Laura Noël-Romas
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 745 Logan Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3 L5, Canada
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Alana Lamont
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 745 Logan Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3 L5, Canada
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Max Abou
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 745 Logan Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3 L5, Canada
| | - Emilia Jalil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valdiléa Veloso
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Kristina Broliden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frideborg Bradley
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vanessa Poliquin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Fan Li
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Adam Burgener
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 745 Logan Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3 L5, Canada.
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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12
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Farr Zuend C, Tobin NH, Vera T, Kotyrba L, Noël-Romas L, Birse K, Mutch S, Li F, Lee D, McCorrister S, Westmacott G, Aldrovandi GM, Burgener AD. Pregnancy associates with alterations to the host and microbial proteome in vaginal mucosa. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 83:e13235. [PMID: 32196803 PMCID: PMC7317380 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Problem Pregnant women are at increased risk of HIV acquisition, but the biological mechanisms contributing to this observation are not well understood. Method of Study Here, we assessed host immune and microbiome differences in the vaginal mucosa of healthy pregnant and non‐pregnant women using a metaproteomics approach. Cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples were collected from 23 pregnant and 25 non‐pregnant women. Results Mass spectrometry analysis of CVL identified 550 human proteins and 376 bacterial proteins from 11 genera. Host proteome analysis indicated 56 human proteins (10%) were differentially abundant (P < .05) between pregnant and non‐pregnant women, including proteins involved in angiogenesis (P = 3.36E‐3), cell movement of phagocytes (P = 1.34E‐6), and permeability of blood vessels (P = 1.27E‐4). The major bacterial genera identified were Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, Prevotella, Megasphaera, and Atopobium. Pregnant women had higher levels of Lactobacillus species (P = .017) compared with non‐pregnant women. Functional pathway analysis indicated that pregnancy associated with changes to bacterial metabolic pathway involved in energy metabolism, which were increased in pregnant women (P = .035). Conclusion Overall, pregnant women showed differences in the cervicovaginal proteome and microbiome that may be important for HIV infection risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Farr Zuend
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, J.C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nicole H Tobin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Trisha Vera
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, J.C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lani Kotyrba
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, J.C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Laura Noël-Romas
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, J.C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kenzie Birse
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, J.C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sarah Mutch
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, J.C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stuart McCorrister
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Garrett Westmacott
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Grace M Aldrovandi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam D Burgener
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Matrix Metalloproteinases Expressed in Response to Bacterial Vaginosis Disrupt the Endocervical Epithelium, Increasing Transmigration of HIV. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00041-20. [PMID: 32094253 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00041-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a disorder of the female reproductive tract (FRT) in which a healthy Lactobacillus-dominant microflora is replaced by BV-associated bacteria (BVAB), can significantly increase the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. Discerning the effect of BV on the mucosal epithelium of the FRT may yield novel preventatives and therapeutics for HIV infection. Here, we investigated barrier dysfunction of the endocervix by host-derived factors, secreted in response to BV, as a potential cause of HIV infection. Using a polarized endocervical cell culture system, we determined that conditioned media (CM) from endocervical cells cocultured with BVAB (endocervical+BVAB CM), as well as cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) from women with BV, disrupted epithelial polarization. We assessed host matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as the BV-associated secreted factors which disrupt the endocervical epithelium. MMPs were overexpressed in endocervical+BVAB CM and CVF from women with BV and were capable of disrupting endocervical epithelial polarization. When we cocultured polarized endocervical cells with HIV-1-infected lymphocyte-derived cells, we discovered endocervical+BVAB CM and MMPs significantly increased the transmigration of virus through the epithelium, and treatment with an MMP inhibitor decreased these effects. When we examined the effect of CVF on HIV-1 transmigration through endocervical epithelium, we demonstrated that CVF samples with greater concentrations of BV-associated MMPs increased viral transmigration. Our results suggest MMPs increase HIV-1 infection by disrupting the endocervical epithelium, permitting transmigration of virus through the epithelium to infect underlying target cells.
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14
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The Effect of Hormonal Contraception and Menstrual Cycle Timing on Genital Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Shedding and Lesions. Sex Transm Dis 2020; 46:58-62. [PMID: 30148758 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of female sex hormones on herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 shedding and lesion frequency is poorly understood. Previous studies suggest that hormonal contraception may increase the frequency of HSV-2 shedding. METHODS We studied HSV-2 seropositive women who performed daily genital swabbing for HSV DNA and completed diaries for genital lesions and menses. We used Poisson mixed effects models to determine if HSV detection varied throughout the menstrual cycle, or in response to hormonal contraception. We used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and rank-sum test to determine if lesion frequency differed by cycle phase or hormonal contraceptive use. RESULTS In 189 women aged 19 to 46 years who collected swabs on 10,715 days and were not using hormonal contraception, HSV-2 DNA was detected on 20.9% of days in the follicular phase and 17.8% of days in the luteal phase (rate ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.37, P = 0.02). Genital lesions did not differ in the follicular versus luteal phase (12.8% vs. 10.7%, P = 0.07). In analyses of hormonal contraception, including 244 women, HSV-2 DNA was detected on 19.0% of days for women not using hormonal contraception and 18.3% of days for those using hormonal contraception (P = 0.50). Lesions were present on 11.1% of days for women not using hormonal contraception, and 8.7% of days for those using hormonal contraception (P = 0.66). CONCLUSIONS In women with genital HSV-2 infection who are not using hormonal contraception, the follicular phase of the cycle may be associated with a higher frequency of HSV-2 shedding compared to the luteal phase. Lesion frequency is similar during the 2 menstrual phases. Hormonal contraception use was not observed to affect genital HSV-2 DNA detection or lesions.
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15
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Boily-Larouche G, Lajoie J, Dufault B, Omollo K, Cheruiyot J, Njoki J, Kowatsch M, Kimani M, Kimani J, Oyugi J, Fowke KR. Characterization of the Genital Mucosa Immune Profile to Distinguish Phases of the Menstrual Cycle: Implications for HIV Susceptibility. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:856-866. [PMID: 30383238 PMCID: PMC6386813 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and immune activation are key factors in sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We sought to define the impact of hormonal cycling on the mucosal immune environment and HIV risk in sex workers with a natural menstrual cycle. METHODS We compared soluble mucosal immune factors and cervical mononuclear cells during hormone titer-defined phases of the menstrual cycle among 37 sex workers from Nairobi, Kenya. Systemic and mucosal samples were collected 14 days apart to distinguish the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, and phases were confirmed by hormone measurements. Vaginal concentrations of 19 immune modulators and cervical T-cell activation markers were measured. RESULTS The follicular phase signature was characterized by an elevated CCL2 level, decreased interleukin 1α and interleukin 1β cervical concentrations, and a significant increase in the proportion of CD4+ T cells that expressed CD69. The genital concentration of CCL2 was the best marker to distinguish the follicular from the luteal phase in univariate and multivariate analyses and remained independent of elevated genital inflammation and bacterial vaginosis. CONCLUSION The follicular phase of the menstrual cycle was associated with an elevated CCL2 level and retention of resident memory CD4+ T cells, which has implications for increased susceptibility to HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Lajoie
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Brenden Dufault
- George and Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Community Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kenneth Omollo
- Department Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Jane Njoki
- Kenya AIDS Control Program, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Monika Kowatsch
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Joshua Kimani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada.,Kenya AIDS Control Program, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Julius Oyugi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Keith R Fowke
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Community Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Winnipeg, Canada
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16
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Comparative transcriptome analysis of the human endocervix and ectocervix during the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13494. [PMID: 31530865 PMCID: PMC6749057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive studies suggesting increased susceptibility to HIV during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Our goal was to analyze transcriptomes of the endocervix and ectocervix during the proliferative and secretory phases using RNA sequencing to explore potential molecular signatures of susceptibility to HIV. We identified 202 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the proliferative and secretory phases of the cycle in the endocervix (adjusted p < 0.05). The biofunctions and pathways analysis of DEGs revealed that cellular assembly and epithelial barrier function in the proliferative phase and inflammatory response/cellular movement in the secretory phase were among the top biofunctions and pathways. The gene set enrichment analysis of ranked DEGs (score = log fold change/p value) in the endocervix and ectocervix revealed that (i) unstimulated/not activated immune cells gene sets positively correlated with the proliferative phase and negatively correlated with the secretory phase in both tissues, (ii) IFNγ and IFNα response gene sets positively correlated with the proliferative phase in the ectocervix, (iii) HIV restrictive Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway negatively correlated with the secretory phase in the endocervix. Our data show menstrual cycle phase-associated changes in both endocervix and ectocervix, which may modulate susceptibility to HIV.
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Herrera C. The Pre-clinical Toolbox of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: in vitro and ex vivo Models. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:578. [PMID: 31178736 PMCID: PMC6543330 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention strategies against sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are essential to curb the rate of new infections. In the absence of a correlate of protection against HIV infection, pre-clinical evaluation is fundamental to facilitate and accelerate prioritization of prevention candidates and their formulations in a rapidly evolving clinical landscape. Characterization of pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties for candidate inhibitors is the main objective of pre-clinical evaluation. in vitro and ex vivo systems for pharmacological assessment allow experimental flexibility and adaptability at a relatively low cost without raising as significant ethical concerns as in vivo models. Applications and limitations of pre-clinical PK/PD models and future alternatives are reviewed in the context of HIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Herrera
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Boodhram R, Moodley D, Abbai N, Ramjee G. Association of endogenous progesterone levels in young women using hormonal contraception with recent HIV-1 infection. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2019; 19:63. [PMID: 31068152 PMCID: PMC6505278 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0761-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high endogenous progesterone luteal state in the menstrual cycle has been independently associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) incidence in epidemiological studies. Hormonal contraception particularly high dose Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) is also thought to increase the risk of HIV acquisition. Inconsistent reports of this association have led us to hypothesize that unsuppressed endogenous progesterone level in women who reported hormonal contraception (HC) use may be an explanation for increased vulnerability to HIV. METHODS This pilot study was a secondary cross-sectional analysis of data and laboratory testing of stored specimens collected from women who participated in the SAMRC HIV prevention MDP 301 trial during 2005-2009 in South Africa. Serum progesterone levels were measured in 39 women at the point of first positive HIV diagnosis during study follow-up and 36 women who remained HIV uninfected at the 52-week study exit visit. RESULTS Overall, the median (IQR) progesterone level in 49 women using hormonal contraception was 0.39 ng/ml (IQR 0.13-0.45) and 48 (97.9%) women had a progesterone level < 3.0 ng/ml suggestive of adequate progesterone suppression for contraceptive efficacy. After excluding the one woman with a progesterone level of > 3.0 ng/ml, the median progesterone level in women using DMPA remained marginally higher at 0.42 ng/ml (IQR 0.27-0.45) than women using Norethisterone Enanthate (NET-EN) (0.31 ng/ml; IQR 0.13-0.41, p = 0.061). For women using hormonal contraception, the median progesterone level did not differ between women with recent HIV infection or women who remained HIV negative (0.39 vs 0.38 ng/ml, p = 0.959). Similarly, the median progesterone level in women using DMPA or NET-EN did not differ by HIV status (0.43 vs 0.41 ng/ml, p = 0.905; 0.24 vs 0.31 ng/ml, p = 0.889). CONCLUSION Among women using hormonal contraception, DMPA or NET-EN we did not observe a significant difference in progesterone levels between women with recently acquired HIV infection and women who remained HIV negative. Our findings suggest that endogenous progesterone levels remain suppressed in the presence of hormonal contraception and are not likely to be associated with HIV acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resha Boodhram
- HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - Dhayendre Moodley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, 4051, South Africa.
| | - Nathlee Abbai
- Department of Clinical Medicine Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Gita Ramjee
- HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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19
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Månberg A, Bradley F, Qundos U, Guthrie BL, Birse K, Noël-Romas L, Lindskog C, Bosire R, Kiarie J, Farquhar C, Burgener AD, Nilsson P, Broliden K. A High-throughput Bead-based Affinity Assay Enables Analysis of Genital Protein Signatures in Women At Risk of HIV Infection. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:461-476. [PMID: 30504243 PMCID: PMC6398207 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Women at high risk of HIV infection, including sex workers and those with active genital inflammation, have molecular signatures of immune activation and epithelial barrier remodeling in samples of their genital mucosa. These alterations in the local immunological milieu are likely to impact HIV susceptibility. We here analyze host genital protein signatures in HIV uninfected women, with high frequency of condom use, living in HIV-serodiscordant relationships. Cervicovaginal secretions from women living in HIV-serodiscordant relationships (n = 62) were collected at three time points over 12 months. Women living in HIV-negative seroconcordant relationships (controls, n = 25) were sampled at one time point. All study subjects were examined for demographic parameters associated with susceptibility to HIV infection. The cervicovaginal samples were analyzed using a high-throughput bead-based affinity assay. Proteins involved in epithelial barrier function and inflammation were increased in HIV-serodiscordant women. By combining several methods of analysis, a total of five proteins (CAPG, KLK10, SPRR3, elafin/PI3, CSTB) were consistently associated with this study group. Proteins analyzed using the affinity set-up were further validated by label-free tandem mass spectrometry in a partially overlapping cohort with concordant results. Women living in HIV-serodiscordant relationships thus had elevated levels of proteins involved in epithelial barrier function and inflammation despite low prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and a high frequency of safe sex practices. The identified proteins are important markers to follow during assessment of mucosal HIV susceptibility factors and a high-throughput bead-based affinity set-up could be a suitable method for such evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Månberg
- From the ‡Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, Department of Protein Science, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frideborg Bradley
- §Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Ulrika Qundos
- From the ‡Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, Department of Protein Science, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brandon L Guthrie
- ¶Department of Global Health and Department of Epidemiology Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kenzie Birse
- ‖Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- **National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Laura Noël-Romas
- ‖Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- **National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Cecilia Lindskog
- ‡‡SciLifeLab, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rose Bosire
- §§Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Kiarie
- ¶¶Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Carey Farquhar
- ‖‖Department of Medicine, Global Health, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Adam D Burgener
- §Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- ‖Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- **National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter Nilsson
- From the ‡Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, Department of Protein Science, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Broliden
- §Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Calenda G, Villegas G, Reis A, Millen L, Barnable P, Mamkina L, Kumar N, Roberts K, Kalir T, Martinelli E, Sperling R, Teleshova N. Mucosal Susceptibility to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the Proliferative and Secretory Phases of the Menstrual Cycle. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2019; 35:335-347. [PMID: 30600686 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2018.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Factors underlying HIV acquisition in women remain incompletely understood. This study evaluated ex vivo mucosal HIV-1BaL infection (ectocervix, endocervix), T cell frequencies and phenotype (ectocervix, endocervix, peripheral blood), and HIV-1BaL-induced tissue immune responses (ectocervix) in the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle using samples obtained from women undergoing hysterectomies. Tissue infectivity (number of productively infected explants) and infection level following 500 and/or fifty 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) HIV-1BaL challenge were similar in the proliferative and secretory phases. Although not associated with infection outcomes, higher frequencies of HIV target CD4+α4β7+ T cells, and stronger HIV-1BaL-induced proinflammatory responses were detected in ectocervix in the secretory versus proliferative phase. Independently of the cycle phase, serum E2 concentrations were inversely associated with ectocervical and endocervical tissue infection levels following high-dose 500 TCID50 HIV-1BaL challenge, with frequencies of CD4+α4β7+ T cells in endocervix, and with HIV-induced interleukin (IL)2R and IL4 in ectocervix. Although serum P4 concentrations and P4/E2 ratios were neither associated with tissue infection level nor infectivity, high P4 concentrations and/or P4/E2 ratios correlated with high frequencies of CD4+α4β7+ T cells in ectocervix, low frequencies of CD4+CD103+ blood T cells, low CD4+LFA-1+ T cells in endocervix, and high proinflammatory (IL1β, IL17, tumor necrosis factor α) ectocervical tissue responses to HIV-1BaL. The data suggest an inhibitory effect of E2 on mucosal HIV infection, provide insights into potential mechanisms of E2-mediated anti-HIV activity, and highlight P4-associated immune changes in the mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Calenda
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York
| | | | - Alexandra Reis
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lily Millen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Patrick Barnable
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York
| | - Lisa Mamkina
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York
| | - Narender Kumar
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York
| | - Kevin Roberts
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York
| | - Tamara Kalir
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Elena Martinelli
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York
| | - Rhoda Sperling
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Natalia Teleshova
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York
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21
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Hensley-McBain T, Berard AR, Manuzak JA, Miller CJ, Zevin AS, Polacino P, Gile J, Agricola B, Cameron M, Hu SL, Estes JD, Reeves RK, Smedley J, Keele BF, Burgener AD, Klatt NR. Intestinal damage precedes mucosal immune dysfunction in SIV infection. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1429-1440. [PMID: 29907866 PMCID: PMC6162106 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
HIV and pathogenic SIV infection are characterized by mucosal dysfunction including epithelial barrier damage, loss of Th17 cells, neutrophil infiltration, and microbial translocation with accompanying inflammation. However, it is unclear how and when these contributing factors occur relative to one another. In order to determine whether any of these features initiates the cycle of damage, we longitudinally evaluated the kinetics of mucosal and systemic T-cell activation, microbial translocation, and Th17 cell and neutrophil frequencies following intrarectal SIV infection of rhesus macaques. We additionally assessed the colon proteome to elucidate molecular pathways altered early after infection. We demonstrate increased T-cell activation (HLA-DR+) beginning 3-14 days post-SIV challenge, reduced peripheral zonulin 3-14 days post-SIV, and evidence of microbial translocation 14 days post-SIV. The onset of mucosal dysfunction preceded peripheral and mucosal Th17 depletion, which occurred 14-28 days post-SIV, and gut neutrophil accumulation was not observed. Proteins involved in epithelial structure were downregulated 3 days post-SIV followed by an upregulation of immune proteins 14 days post-SIV. These data demonstrate that immune perturbations such as Th17 loss and neutrophil infiltration occur after alterations to epithelial structural protein pathways, suggesting that epithelial damage occurs prior to widespread immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Hensley-McBain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alicia R Berard
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Manuzak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charlene J Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexander S Zevin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jillian Gile
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian Agricola
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark Cameron
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shiu-Lok Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacob D Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - R Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy Smedley
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Brandon F Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Adam D Burgener
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nichole R Klatt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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22
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Wessels JM, Felker AM, Dupont HA, Kaushic C. The relationship between sex hormones, the vaginal microbiome and immunity in HIV-1 susceptibility in women. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm035147. [PMID: 30154116 PMCID: PMC6177003 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of sex hormones in regulating immune responses in the female genital tract has been recognized for decades. More recently, it has become increasingly clear that sex hormones regulate susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections through direct and indirect mechanisms involving inflammation and immune responses. The reproductive cycle can influence simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infections in primates and HIV-1 infection in ex vivo cervical tissues from women. Exogenous hormones, such as those found in hormonal contraceptives, have come under intense scrutiny because of the increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections seen in women using medroxyprogesterone acetate, a synthetic progestin-based contraceptive. Recent meta-analyses concluded that medroxyprogesterone acetate enhanced HIV-1 susceptibility in women by 40%. In contrast, estradiol-containing hormonal contraceptives were not associated with increased susceptibility and some studies reported a protective effect of estrogen on HIV/SIV infection, although the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Recent studies describe a key role for the vaginal microbiota in determining susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections, including HIV-1. While Lactobacillus spp.-dominated vaginal microbiota is associated with decreased susceptibility, complex microbiota, such as those seen in bacterial vaginosis, correlates with increased susceptibility to HIV-1. Interestingly, sex hormones are inherently linked to microbiota regulation in the vaginal tract. Estrogen has been postulated to play a key role in establishing a Lactobacillus-dominated microenvironment, whereas medroxyprogesterone acetate is linked to hypo-estrogenic effects. The aim of this Review is to contribute to a better understanding of the sex-hormone-microbiome-immunity axis, which can provide key information on the determinants of HIV-1 susceptibility in the female genital tract and, consequently, inform HIV-1 prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M Wessels
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Allison M Felker
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Haley A Dupont
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Charu Kaushic
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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23
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Bosinger SE, Tharp GK, Patel NB, Zhao C, Payne TL, Dietz Ostergaard S, Butler K, Ellis S, Johnson RL, Kersh EN, McNicholl JM, Vishwanathan SA. Progestin-based contraception regimens modulate expression of putative HIV risk factors in the vaginal epithelium of pig-tailed Macaques. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e13029. [PMID: 30076667 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM In women, the use of progestin-based contraception may increase the risk of vaginal HIV acquisition. We previously showed in macaques that there is a significantly higher simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) acquisition rate in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, which presents a naturally high-progesterone state, and this may be attributable to altered expression of innate immune factors. We hypothesized that progestin-based contraception, especially depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), would, in a similar way, affect mucosal immune factors that influence HIV acquisition risk. METHOD OF STUDY We used a pig-tailed macaque model to evaluate the effects of two progestin-based contraceptives, DMPA, and levonorgestrel (LNG)/ethinyl estradiol (EE)-based combined oral contraceptives (COCs), on innate mucosal factors. We compared the vaginal epithelial thickness data from previous studies and used cytokine profiling and microarray analysis to evaluate contraception-induced molecular changes in the vagina. RESULTS The administration of DMPA caused a reduction in the thickness of the vaginal epithelium relative to that of the follicular or luteal phase. DMPA also induced a significant increase in vaginal levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Both DMPA- and LNG-based contraception induced a signature of gene expression similar to that of the luteal phase, only more exacerbated, including widespread downregulation of antiviral genes. CONCLUSION The use of progestin-based contraception might engender a milieu that poses an increased risk of HIV acquisition as compared to both the luteal and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Bosinger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gregory K Tharp
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nirav B Patel
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | - Katherine Butler
- Office of the Associate Director for Laboratory Science and Safety, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Ellen N Kersh
- Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
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24
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Govia RNM, Birse KD, Sepehri S, Khafipour E, Menticoglou SM, Burgener AD, Poliquin V. Amniotic fluid proteomic signatures of cervical insufficiency and their association with length of latency. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e13030. [PMID: 30076666 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Cervical insufficiency is a precursor of preterm birth. Treatment with emergency cervical cerclage is contraindicated in the presence of intra-amniotic infection. Detecting infection with Gram stain and culture of amniotic fluid lacks sensitivity. Proteomic profiling of amniotic fluid in cervical insufficiency may help identify pregnancies best suited for emergency cerclage. METHOD OF STUDY Thirty-two pregnant women underwent amniocentesis for routine genetic testing (n = 22) or after diagnosis of cervical insufficiency (n = 10). The proteomic profiles of the amniotic fluid samples were compared in a cross-sectional fashion, including sub-analyses of women with cervical insufficiency and latency periods of <1 week and >1 week post-diagnosis. RESULTS Mean gestational age at diagnosis of cervical insufficiency was 21.4 weeks (95% CI 20.6-22.1). Proteomic analysis yielded 40 (7.2%, P < 0.05) differentially expressed proteins between women with delivery <1 week (n = 6) vs. >1 week (n = 4). Women who delivered <1 week had activated inflammatory response (z = 2.3, P = 6.71E-09), chemotaxis of immune cells (z = 2.9, P = 2.01E-08), and inhibited bacterial growth (z = -2.2, P = 5.82E-05). A multivariate model of eight biomarkers positively associated with cases of <1 week latency and distinguished cases from controls (97.8%, cross-validation accuracy 92.7%, P = 0.0009). CONCLUSION In this pilot study, significant differences in the amniotic fluid proteomic profiles in cases of cervical insufficiency compared to genetic amniocentesis were observed. Proteomic signatures were predictive of achieving latency > 1 week after diagnosis of cervical insufficiency. These preliminary findings suggest that proteomic analysis may be of value in predicting outcome following cervical insufficiency and warrants further validation in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle N M Govia
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kenzie D Birse
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shadi Sepehri
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ehsan Khafipour
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Savas M Menticoglou
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Adam D Burgener
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vanessa Poliquin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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25
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Dupont HA, Lam J, Woods MW, Zahoor MA, Kaushic C. Hormonal influence on HIV-1 transmission in the female genital tract: New insights from systems biology. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e13019. [PMID: 30014538 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although anti-retroviral treatments have significantly slowed down the spread of the HIV-1 pandemic, approximately 2 million new infections occur every year. The majority of new infections are in sub-Saharan Africa where rates of infection are much higher in women than men. Young women are disproportionately affected and have higher susceptibility to HIV-1. The complex interactions between HIV-1 and the female genital tract (FGT) and the mechanisms regulating susceptibility in women remain incompletely understood. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the acute events that occur in the FGT following HIV-1 exposure with a particular focus on the effect of endogenous and exogenous sex hormones on HIV-1 susceptibility. We highlight the contribution of the recent transcriptomic and proteomic studies in providing new insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley A Dupont
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jeff Lam
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew W Woods
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed A Zahoor
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Charu Kaushic
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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26
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Girard L, Birse K, Holm JB, Gajer P, Humphrys MS, Garber D, Guenthner P, Noël-Romas L, Abou M, McCorrister S, Westmacott G, Wang L, Rohan LC, Matoba N, McNicholl J, Palmer KE, Ravel J, Burgener AD. Impact of the griffithsin anti-HIV microbicide and placebo gels on the rectal mucosal proteome and microbiome in non-human primates. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8059. [PMID: 29795295 PMCID: PMC5966460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical microbicides are being explored as an HIV prevention method for individuals who practice receptive anal intercourse. In vivo studies of these microbicides are critical to confirm safety. Here, we evaluated the impact of a rectal microbicide containing the antiviral lectin, Griffithsin (GRFT), on the rectal mucosal proteome and microbiome. Using a randomized, crossover placebo-controlled design, six rhesus macaques received applications of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)- or carbopol-formulated 0.1% GRFT gels. Rectal mucosal samples were then evaluated by label-free tandem MS/MS and 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, for proteomics and microbiome analyses, respectively. Compared to placebo, GRFT gels were not associated with any significant changes to protein levels at any time point (FDR < 5%), but increased abundances of two common and beneficial microbial taxa after 24 hours were observed in HEC-GRFT gel (p < 2E-09). Compared to baseline, both placebo formulations were associated with alterations to proteins involved in proteolysis, activation of the immune response and inflammation after 2 hours (p < 0.0001), and increases in beneficial Faecalibacterium spp. after 24 hours in HEC placebo gel (p = 4.21E-15). This study supports the safety profile of 0.1% GRFT gel as an anti-HIV microbicide and demonstrates that current placebo formulations may associate with changes to rectal proteome and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Girard
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kenzie Birse
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Johanna B Holm
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Pawel Gajer
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Mike S Humphrys
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - David Garber
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Centre for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Disease and Tuberculosis Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, USA
| | - Patricia Guenthner
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Centre for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Disease and Tuberculosis Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, USA
| | - Laura Noël-Romas
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Max Abou
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Stuart McCorrister
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Garrett Westmacott
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Lin Wang
- Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Lisa C Rohan
- Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Matoba
- Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
- James Graham Brown Cancer Centre, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Janet McNicholl
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Centre for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Disease and Tuberculosis Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, USA
| | - Kenneth E Palmer
- Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
- James Graham Brown Cancer Centre, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Jacques Ravel
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Adam D Burgener
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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27
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Berard AR, Perner M, Mutch S, Farr Zuend C, McQueen P, Burgener AD. Understanding mucosal and microbial functionality of the female reproductive tract by metaproteomics: Implications for HIV transmission. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e12977. [PMID: 29790240 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal surface of the female genital tract contains physiological, immunological, and microbial components that collectively comprise a functioning "mucosal system" that is critical for reproductive health. Alterations or imbalances to any of these components can have significant consequences for susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections, such as HIV. In recent years the advent of advanced systems biology technologies, such as metaproteomics, has provided new toolsets to studying mucosal systems. Studies have linked an altered mucosal proteome to many HIV risk factors including mucosal inflammation, bacterial vaginosis, hormonal contraceptives, and reduced efficacy of antiretroviral drugs for HIV prevention. Herein we will discuss how metaproteomics has been used to study mucosal system components, including epithelial barriers, inflammation, and the microbiome, with a focus on what alterations may contribute to increased HIV transmission risk in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia R Berard
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JCWilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michelle Perner
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JCWilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sarah Mutch
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JCWilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Christina Farr Zuend
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JCWilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Peter McQueen
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JCWilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Adam D Burgener
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JCWilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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28
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Bradley F, Birse K, Hasselrot K, Noël-Romas L, Introini A, Wefer H, Seifert M, Engstrand L, Tjernlund A, Broliden K, Burgener AD. The vaginal microbiome amplifies sex hormone-associated cyclic changes in cervicovaginal inflammation and epithelial barrier disruption. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e12863. [PMID: 29709092 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Susceptibility to HIV is associated with the menstrual cycle and vaginal microbiome, but their collective impact on vaginal inflammation remains unclear. Here, we characterized the cervicovaginal proteome, inflammation, and microbiome community structure and function during the menstrual cycle. METHOD OF STUDY Cervicovaginal secretions were collected from regularly cycling women (n = 16) at median day 10, 16, and 24 of each menstrual cycle and analyzed by mass spectrometry, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and a multiplex bead array immunoassay. Follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases were defined by serum sex hormone levels. RESULTS Ovulation showed the largest mucosal proteome changes, where 30% and 19% of the 406 human proteins identified differed compared to the luteal and follicular phases, respectively. Neutrophil/leukocyte migration pathways were lowest during ovulation and peaked in the luteal phase, while antimicrobial and epithelial barrier promoting proteins were highest during ovulation. Vaginal microbial community structure and function did not vary significantly during the menstrual cycle, with the majority consistently Lactobacillus-dominant (63%) or non-Lactobacillus-dominant (25%). Fluctuations in the epithelial barrier protein RPTN between the ovulatory and luteal phase were amplified in women with Gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobic bacteria and reduced when Lactobacillus was dominant. CONCLUSION This small study demonstrates that sex hormones modulate neutrophil/leukocyte inflammation, barrier function, and antimicrobial pathways in the female genital tract with the strongest changes occurring during ovulation. The data further suggest a microbiome context for hormone-driven changes in vaginal immunity which may have implications for HIV susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frideborg Bradley
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenzie Birse
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Klara Hasselrot
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Gynaecology, Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Noël-Romas
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Andrea Introini
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugo Wefer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Clinical Genomics Facility, Solna, Sweden
| | - Maike Seifert
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Clinical Genomics Facility, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Clinical Genomics Facility, Solna, Sweden
| | - Annelie Tjernlund
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Broliden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adam D Burgener
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Hapgood JP, Kaushic C, Hel Z. Hormonal Contraception and HIV-1 Acquisition: Biological Mechanisms. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:36-78. [PMID: 29309550 PMCID: PMC5807094 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Access to effective affordable contraception is critical for individual and public health. A wide range of hormonal contraceptives (HCs), which differ in composition, concentration of the progestin component, frequency of dosage, and method of administration, is currently available globally. However, the options are rather limited in settings with restricted economic resources that frequently overlap with areas of high HIV-1 prevalence. The predominant contraceptive used in sub-Saharan Africa is the progestin-only three-monthly injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate. Determination of whether HCs affect HIV-1 acquisition has been hampered by behavioral differences potentially confounding clinical observational data. Meta-analysis of these studies shows a significant association between depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use and increased risk of HIV-1 acquisition, raising important concerns. No association was found for combined oral contraceptives containing levonorgestrel, nor for the two-monthly injectable contraceptive norethisterone enanthate, although data for norethisterone enanthate are limited. Susceptibility to HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted infections may, however, be dependent on the type of progestin present in the formulation. Several underlying biological mechanisms that may mediate the effect of HCs on HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted infection acquisition have been identified in clinical, animal, and ex vivo studies. A substantial gap exists in the translation of basic research into clinical practice and public health policy. To bridge this gap, we review the current knowledge of underlying mechanisms and biological effects of commonly used progestins. The review sheds light on issues critical for an informed choice of progestins for the identification of safe, effective, acceptable, and affordable contraceptive methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet P Hapgood
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charu Kaushic
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zdenek Hel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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30
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Makinde J, Jones C, Bartolf A, Sibeko S, Baden S, Cosgrove C, Shattock RJ. Localized cyclical variations in immunoproteins in the female genital tract and the implications on the design and assessment of mucosal infection and therapies. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 79. [PMID: 29286179 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Fluctuating hormones regulate reproductive processes in the female genital tract. Consequent changes in the local immunological environment are likely to affect cellular interaction with infectious agents and the assessment of therapies that target mucosal infections. METHOD OF STUDY We compared Softcup and Weck-Cel sampling protocols and assessed the changes in the concentrations of 39 soluble proteins with menstrual cycle progression in the mucosal and peripheral compartments. RESULTS We demonstrate that the mucosal immunological profile is distinct from serum with inflammatory and migratory signatures that are localized throughout the cycle. The analytes highlighted in the mucosal compartment were generally highest at the follicular phase with a tendency to fall as the cycle progressed through ovulation to the luteal phase. CONCLUSION Our results underscore the need to consider these localized cyclical differences in studies aimed at assessing the outcome of disease and the efficacy of mucosal vaccines and other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Makinde
- Mucosal Infection & Immunity Group, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Clifford Jones
- Mucosal Infection & Immunity Group, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Angela Bartolf
- St George's Vaccine Institute, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Sengeziwe Sibeko
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Baden
- St George's Vaccine Institute, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Catherine Cosgrove
- St George's Vaccine Institute, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Robin J Shattock
- Mucosal Infection & Immunity Group, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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31
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Abstract
The HIV pandemic has disproportionately impacted sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Africa in particular. The concurrent presence of overlapping epidemic drivers likely underpins how and why the HIV epidemic is so explosive in this region, with implications for understanding approaches to reduce transmission. In this review, we discuss the relative contribution and interaction between epidemic drivers in the Southern African context, including factors both distally and proximally associated with the likelihood and degree of exposure to HIV and factors that increase the probability of transmission when exposure occurs. In particular, we focus on young women as a key population in need of HIV prevention and highlight factors that increase their risk on several levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyle R McKinnon
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, 719 Umbilo Road, Private Bag X7, Congella, Durban, 4013, South Africa. .,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | - Quarraisha Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, 719 Umbilo Road, Private Bag X7, Congella, Durban, 4013, South Africa.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, USA
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32
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Hall OJ, Klein SL. Progesterone-based compounds affect immune responses and susceptibility to infections at diverse mucosal sites. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:1097-1107. [PMID: 28401937 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Over 100 million women worldwide are currently on progesterone-based contraceptives to improve their health outcomes through reduced maternal mortality and family planning. In addition to their role in reproduction, progesterone-based compounds modulate immune responses throughout the body, particularly at mucosal sites. By binding to receptors located in immune cells, including natural killer cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells, as well in non-immune cells, such as epithelial and endothelial cells, progesterone-based compounds alter cellular signaling and activity to affect the outcome of infections at diverse mucosal sites, including the genital, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tracts. As the use of progesterone-based compounds, in the form of contraceptives and hormone-based therapies, continue to increase worldwide, greater consideration should be given to how the immunomodulatory effects these compounds alter the outcome of diseases at mucosal sites beyond the reproductive tract, which has profound implications for women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J Hall
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland USA
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33
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Kelley CF, Kraft CS, de Man TJ, Duphare C, Lee HW, Yang J, Easley KA, Tharp GK, Mulligan MJ, Sullivan PS, Bosinger SE, Amara RR. The rectal mucosa and condomless receptive anal intercourse in HIV-negative MSM: implications for HIV transmission and prevention. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:996-1007. [PMID: 27848950 PMCID: PMC5433931 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Most HIV transmissions among men who have sex with men (MSM), the group that accounted for 67% of new US infections in 2014, occur via exposure to the rectal mucosa. However, it is unclear how the act of condomless receptive anal intercourse (CRAI) may alter the mucosal immune environment in HIV-negative MSM. Here, we performed a comprehensive characterization of the rectal mucosal immune environment for the phenotype and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by CD4 and CD8 T cells, global transcriptomic analyses, and the composition of microbiota in HIV-negative MSM. Our results show that compared with men who had never engaged in anal intercourse, the rectal mucosa of MSM engaging in CRAI has a distinct phenotype characterized by higher levels of Th17 cells, greater CD8+ T cell proliferation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, molecular signatures associated with mucosal injury and repair likely mediated by innate immune cells, and a microbiota enriched for the Prevotellaceae family. These data provide a high-resolution model of the immunological, molecular, and microbiological perturbations induced by CRAI, will have direct utility in understanding rectal HIV transmission among MSM, and will enhance the design of future biomedical prevention interventions, including candidate HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen F. Kelley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine,Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University,Corresponding author;
| | - Colleen S. Kraft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine,Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Tom J.B. de Man
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Chandni Duphare
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University
| | - Hyun-Woo Lee
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
| | - Kirk A. Easley
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
| | - Gregory K. Tharp
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University
| | - Mark J. Mulligan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Patrick S. Sullivan
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University
| | - Rama R. Amara
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine
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34
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Klatt NR, Cheu R, Birse K, Zevin AS, Perner M, Noël-Romas L, Grobler A, Westmacott G, Xie IY, Butler J, Mansoor L, McKinnon LR, Passmore JAS, Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS, Burgener AD. Vaginal bacteria modify HIV tenofovir microbicide efficacy in African women. Science 2017; 356:938-945. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aai9383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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35
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Jais M, Younes N, Chapman S, Cu-Uvin S, Ghosh M. Reduced Levels and Bioactivity of Endogenous Protease Cathepsin D in Genital Tract Secretions of Postmenopausal Women. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:407-409. [PMID: 27903071 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2016.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Jais
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Naji Younes
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Stacey Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Susan Cu-Uvin
- Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Mimi Ghosh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
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36
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Birse KD, Romas LM, Guthrie BL, Nilsson P, Bosire R, Kiarie J, Farquhar C, Broliden K, Burgener AD. Genital Injury Signatures and Microbiome Alterations Associated With Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Usage and Intravaginal Drying Practices. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:590-598. [PMID: 28011908 PMCID: PMC5388302 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence suggests depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and intravaginal practices may be associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection risk; however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. This study evaluated the effect of DMPA and intravaginal practices on the genital proteome and microbiome to gain mechanistic insights. Methods Cervicovaginal secretions from 86 Kenyan women, including self-reported DMPA users (n = 23), nonhormonal contraceptive users (n = 63), and women who practice vaginal drying (n = 46), were analyzed using tandem-mass spectrometry. Results We identified 473 human and 486 bacterial proteins from 18 different genera. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use associated with increased hemoglobin and immune activation (HBD, HBB, IL36G), and decreased epithelial repair proteins (TFF3, F11R). Vaginal drying associated with increased hemoglobin and decreased phagocytosis factors (AZU1, MYH9, PLAUR). Injury signatures were exacerbated in DMPA users who also practiced vaginal drying. More diverse (H index: 0.71 vs 0.45; P = .009) bacterial communities containing Gardnerella vaginalis associated with vaginal drying, whereas DMPA showed no significant association with community composition or diversity. Conclusions These findings provide new insights into the impact of DMPA and vaginal drying on mucosal barriers. Future investigations are needed to confirm their relationship with HIV risk in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzie D Birse
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Laura M Romas
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Brandon L Guthrie
- Departments of Global Health and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLife Lab, School of Biotechnology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rose Bosire
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Kiarie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Carey Farquhar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Kristina Broliden
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adam D Burgener
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zevin AS, Xie IY, Birse K, Arnold K, Romas L, Westmacott G, Novak RM, McCorrister S, McKinnon LR, Cohen CR, Mackelprang R, Lingappa J, Lauffenburger DA, Klatt NR, Burgener AD. Microbiome Composition and Function Drives Wound-Healing Impairment in the Female Genital Tract. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005889. [PMID: 27656899 PMCID: PMC5033340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism(s) by which bacterial communities impact susceptibility to infectious diseases, such as HIV, and maintain female genital tract (FGT) health are poorly understood. Evaluation of FGT bacteria has predominantly been limited to studies of species abundance, but not bacterial function. We therefore sought to examine the relationship of bacterial community composition and function with mucosal epithelial barrier health in the context of bacterial vaginosis (BV) using metaproteomic, metagenomic, and in vitro approaches. We found highly diverse bacterial communities dominated by Gardnerella vaginalis associated with host epithelial barrier disruption and enhanced immune activation, and low diversity communities dominated by Lactobacillus species that associated with lower Nugent scores, reduced pH, and expression of host mucosal proteins important for maintaining epithelial integrity. Importantly, proteomic signatures of disrupted epithelial integrity associated with G. vaginalis-dominated communities in the absence of clinical BV diagnosis. Because traditional clinical assessments did not capture this, it likely represents a larger underrepresented phenomenon in populations with high prevalence of G. vaginalis. We finally demonstrated that soluble products derived from G. vaginalis inhibited wound healing, while those derived from L. iners did not, providing insight into functional mechanisms by which FGT bacterial communities affect epithelial barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Zevin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Irene Y. Xie
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Center for Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kenzie Birse
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Center for Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kelly Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Laura Romas
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Center for Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Garrett Westmacott
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core, National Microbiology Lab, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Richard M. Novak
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Stuart McCorrister
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core, National Microbiology Lab, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Lyle R. McKinnon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Craig R. Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Romel Mackelprang
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jairam Lingappa
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Doug A. Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nichole R. Klatt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Adam D. Burgener
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Center for Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Jais M, Younes N, Chapman S, Cu-Uvin S, Ghosh M. Reduced levels of genital tract immune biomarkers in postmenopausal women: implications for HIV acquisition. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 215:324.e1-324.e10. [PMID: 27026477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of HIV infections are increasing in older adults. Although it is known that the HIV/AIDS epidemics affects women disproportionately, little is known regarding immune functions in the genital tract of postmenopausal women, as relevant to HIV susceptibility. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to compare levels of female reproductive tract immune mediators that are important for HIV-associated immune responses as well as intrinsic anti-HIV activity in the cervical vaginal lavages collected from HIV-negative pre- and postmenopausal women. STUDY DESIGN Cervical vaginal lavage from 20 premenopausal and 20 postmenopausal women were assayed for interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, elafin, human β-defensin-2, and macrophage inflammatory protein-3α using standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Anti-HIV activity of cervical-vaginal lavage was measured using TZM-bl indicator cells against HIV-1 IIIB and BaL. Whereas each postmenopausal woman provided only 1 sample, each premenopausal woman provided 3 samples, during proliferative, ovulatory, and secretory stages, based on menstrual dates. RESULTS We observed significantly lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, MIP-3α, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, elafin, and human β-defensin-2 in cervical vaginal lavage from postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women. Inhibition of HIV-1 infection was observed for both pre- and postmenopausal women, but cervical vaginal lavage from postmenopausal women showed significantly higher inhibition against HIV-1 BaL after adjusting for total protein concentration, genital pH, and reproductive tract infections. No change in mediators or HIV inhibition was observed through the stages of menstrual cycle. In addition, we observed that postmenopausal women with reproductive tract infections had significantly higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and significantly lower levels of interleukin-8, which were not observed in premenopausal women. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that female reproductive tract immune microenvironment is distinct in HIV-negative postmenopausal women. Further studies are needed to assess the risk of HIV acquisition/transmission in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Jais
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Naji Younes
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Stacey Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Susan Cu-Uvin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Mimi Ghosh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
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Carias AM, Allen SA, Fought AJ, Kotnik Halavaty K, Anderson MR, Jimenez ML, McRaven MD, Gioia CJ, Henning TR, Kersh EN, Smith JM, Pereira LE, Butler K, McNicholl SJM, Hendry RM, Kiser PF, Veazey RS, Hope TJ. Increases in Endogenous or Exogenous Progestins Promote Virus-Target Cell Interactions within the Non-human Primate Female Reproductive Tract. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005885. [PMID: 27658293 PMCID: PMC5033389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are mounting data suggesting that HIV-1 acquisition in women can be affected by the use of certain hormonal contraceptives. However, in non-human primate models, endogenous or exogenous progestin-dominant states are shown to increase acquisition. To gain mechanistic insights into this increased acquisition, we studied how mucosal barrier function and CD4+ T-cell and CD68+ macrophage density and localization changed in the presence of natural progestins or after injection with high-dose DMPA. The presence of natural or injected progestins increased virus penetration of the columnar epithelium and the infiltration of susceptible cells into a thinned squamous epithelium of the vaginal vault, increasing the likelihood of potential virus interactions with target cells. These data suggest that increasing either endogenous or exogenous progestin can alter female reproductive tract barrier properties and provide plausible mechanisms for increased HIV-1 acquisition risk in the presence of increased progestin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Carias
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Shannon A. Allen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Angela J. Fought
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Katarina Kotnik Halavaty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Meegan R. Anderson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Maria L. Jimenez
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael D. McRaven
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Casey J. Gioia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tara R. Henning
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ellen N. Kersh
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - James M. Smith
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lara E. Pereira
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Katherine Butler
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - S. Janet M. McNicholl
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - R. Michael Hendry
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Patrick F. Kiser
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ronald S. Veazey
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Hope
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Romas L, Birse K, Mayer KH, Abou M, Westmacott G, Giguere R, Febo I, Cranston RD, Carballo-Diéguez A, McGowan I, Burgener A. Rectal 1% Tenofovir Gel Use Associates with Altered Epidermal Protein Expression. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2016; 32:1005-1015. [PMID: 27316778 PMCID: PMC5067863 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rectal use of a 1% tenofovir (TFV) gel is currently being evaluated for HIV prevention. While careful assessment of mucosal safety of candidate microbicides is a primary concern, tools to assess mucosal toxicity are limited. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics is a sensitive and high-throughput technique that can provide in-depth information on inflammation processes in biological systems. In this study, we utilized a proteomics approach to characterize mucosal responses in study participants involved in a phase 1 clinical trial of a rectal TFV-based gel. Project Gel was a phase 1 randomized (1:1), double-blind, multisite, placebo-controlled trial in which 24 participants received rectal TFV or a universal placebo [hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)] over a course of 8 daily doses. Rectal mucosal swabs were collected after 0, 1, and 8 doses and were analyzed by label-free tandem mass spectrometry. Differential protein expression was evaluated using a combination of paired (time-effects) and unpaired (across study arm) t-tests, and multivariate [least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)] modeling. Within the TFV arm, 7% (17/249, p < .05) and 10% (25/249, p < .05) of total proteins changed after 1 and 8 daily applications of TFV gel, respectively, compared to 3% (7/249, p < .05) and 6% (16/249, p < .05) in the HEC arm. Biofunctional analysis associated TFV use with a decrease in epidermal barrier proteins (adj. p = 1.21 × 10−10). Multivariate modeling identified 13 proteins that confidently separated TFV gel users (100% calibration and 96% cross-validation accuracy), including the epithelial integrity factors (FLMNB, CRNN, CALM), serpins (SPB13, SPB5), and cytoskeletal proteins (VILI, VIME, WRD1). This study suggested that daily rectal applications of a 1% TFV gel may be associated with mucosal proteome changes involving epidermal development. Further assessment of more extended use of TFV-gel is recommended to validate these initial associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Romas
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratory, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kenzie Birse
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratory, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Max Abou
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratory, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Garrett Westmacott
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Rebecca Giguere
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Irma Febo
- University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Ross D. Cranston
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alex Carballo-Diéguez
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ian McGowan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam Burgener
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratory, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Thurman AR, Chandra N, Yousefieh N, Zalenskaya I, Kimble T, Asin S, Rollenhagen C, Anderson SM, Herold B, Mesquita PM, Richardson-Harman N, Cunningham T, Schwartz JL, Doncel GF. Comparison of Follicular and Luteal Phase Mucosal Markers of HIV Susceptibility in Healthy Women. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2016; 32:547-60. [PMID: 26750085 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in vaginal immune cell populations, vaginal tissue gene expression, antimicrobial activity of the cervicovaginal (CV) lavage (CVL), vaginal flora, and p24 antigen production from CV tissues after ex vivo human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection between follicular (FOL) and luteal (LUT) phases of the menstrual cycle. CV tissue biopsies, CV secretions, and blood samples were obtained as part of two longitudinal clinical trials of healthy women (CONRAD D11-119 and A12-124 studies). Participants (n = 39) were HIV-seronegative women not using exogenous hormone supplementation, with normal menstrual cycles, who were screened to exclude sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections. Serum levels of estradiol and progesterone were significantly higher in the LUT versus the FOL phase of the menstrual cycle. Controlling for race, reported contraceptive use/sexual practices, and clinical trial, we found no differences in vaginal tissue immune cell populations and activation status, transcriptomes, inhibition of HIV, herpes simplex virus type 2 and Escherichia coli by the CVL, vaginal pH or Nugent score, or production of p24 antigen after ex vivo infection by HIV-1BaL between CV samples obtained in the FOL phase versus the LUT phase of the menstrual cycle. There were no significant correlations between serum estradiol and progesterone levels and CV endpoints. The hypothesis that the LUT phase of the menstrual cycle represents a more vulnerable stage for mucosal infection with HIV was not supported by data from samples obtained from the lower genital tract (ectocervix and vagina) from these two clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Kimble
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Susana Asin
- V.A. Medical Center, White River Junction VT and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth, New Hampshire
| | - Christiane Rollenhagen
- V.A. Medical Center, White River Junction VT and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth, New Hampshire
| | | | - Betsy Herold
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | | | | | - Tina Cunningham
- School of Public Health, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
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Yildiz-Arslan S, Coon JS, Hope TJ, Kim JJ. Transcriptional Profiling of Human Endocervical Tissues Reveals Distinct Gene Expression in the Follicular and Luteal Phases of the Menstrual Cycle. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:138. [PMID: 27170437 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.140327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocervix plays an important role in providing appropriate protective mechanisms of the upper female reproductive tract (FRT) while at the same time providing the appropriate milieu for sperm transport. Hormone fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle contribute to changes in the mucosal environment that render the FRT vulnerable to infectious diseases. The objective of this study was to identify genes in human endocervix tissues that were differentially expressed in the follicular versus the luteal phases of the menstrual cycle using gene expression profiling. A microarray using the IIlumina platform was performed with eight endocervix tissues from follicular and four tissues from luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Data analysis revealed significant differential expression of 110 genes between the two phases, with a P value <0.05 and a fold change cutoff of 1.5. Categorization of these genes, using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, MetaCore from Thomson Reuters, and DAVID, revealed genes associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and cell-matrix interactions, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism, as well as immune regulation in the follicular phase tissues. In luteal phase tissues, genes associated with chromatin remodeling, inflammation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and immune cell regulation were predominately expressed. Using samples from additional patients' tissues, select genes were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR; immunohistochemical staining was also done to examine protein levels. This is the first microarray analysis comparing gene expression in endocervix tissues in cycling women. This study identified key genes and molecular pathways that were differentially regulated during the menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Yildiz-Arslan
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John S Coon
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas J Hope
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - J Julie Kim
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Gadkar K, Kirouac DC, Mager DE, van der Graaf PH, Ramanujan S. A Six-Stage Workflow for Robust Application of Systems Pharmacology. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 5:235-49. [PMID: 27299936 PMCID: PMC4879472 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative and systems pharmacology (QSP) is increasingly being applied in pharmaceutical research and development. One factor critical to the ultimate success of QSP is the establishment of commonly accepted language, technical criteria, and workflows. We propose an integrated workflow that bridges conceptual objectives with underlying technical detail to support the execution, communication, and evaluation of QSP projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gadkar
- Translational & Systems Pharmacology, PKPD, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - D C Kirouac
- Translational & Systems Pharmacology, PKPD, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - D E Mager
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York
| | - P H van der Graaf
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Certara QSP, Canterbury, UK
| | - S Ramanujan
- Translational & Systems Pharmacology, PKPD, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
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