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Honeycutt JB, Wahl A, Files JK, League AF, Yadav-Samudrala BJ, Garcia JV, Fitting S. In situ analysis of neuronal injury and neuroinflammation during HIV-1 infection. Retrovirology 2024; 21:11. [PMID: 38945996 PMCID: PMC11215835 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-024-00644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) the brain has become an important human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir due to the relatively low penetration of many drugs utilized in cART into the central nervous system (CNS). Given the inherent limitations of directly assessing acute HIV infection in the brains of people living with HIV (PLWH), animal models, such as humanized mouse models, offer the most effective means of studying the effects of different viral strains and their impact on HIV infection in the CNS. To evaluate CNS pathology during HIV-1 infection in the humanized bone marrow/liver/thymus (BLT) mouse model, a histological analysis was conducted on five CNS regions, including the frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, cerebellum, and spinal cord, to delineate the neuronal (MAP2ab, NeuN) and neuroinflammatory (GFAP, Iba-1) changes induced by two viral strains after 2 weeks and 8 weeks post-infection. RESULTS Findings reveal HIV-infected human cells in the brain of HIV-infected BLT mice, demonstrating HIV neuroinvasion. Further, both viral strains, HIV-1JR-CSF and HIV-1CH040, induced neuronal injury and astrogliosis across all CNS regions following HIV infection at both time points, as demonstrated by decreases in MAP2ab and increases in GFAP fluorescence signal, respectively. Importantly, infection with HIV-1JR-CSF had more prominent effects on neuronal health in specific CNS regions compared to HIV-1CH040 infection, with decreasing number of NeuN+ neurons, specifically in the frontal cortex. On the other hand, infection with HIV-1CH040 demonstrated more prominent effects on neuroinflammation, assessed by an increase in GFAP signal and/or an increase in number of Iba-1+ microglia, across CNS regions. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that CNS pathology is widespread during acute HIV infection. However, neuronal loss and the magnitude of neuroinflammation in the CNS is strain dependent indicating that strains of HIV cause differential CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna B Honeycutt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Angela Wahl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jacob K Files
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Alexis F League
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Barkha J Yadav-Samudrala
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - J Victor Garcia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Sylvia Fitting
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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2
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Boreland AJ, Stillitano AC, Lin HC, Abbo Y, Hart RP, Jiang P, Pang ZP, Rabson AB. Sustained type I interferon signaling after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of human iPSC derived microglia and cerebral organoids. iScience 2024; 27:109628. [PMID: 38628961 PMCID: PMC11019286 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) affects up to half of people living with HIV-1 and causes long term neurological consequences. The pathophysiology of HIV-1-induced glial and neuronal functional deficits in humans remains enigmatic. To bridge this gap, we established a model simulating HIV-1 infection in the central nervous system using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia combined with sliced neocortical organoids. Incubation of microglia with two replication-competent macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strains (JRFL and YU2) elicited productive infection and inflammatory activation. RNA sequencing revealed significant and sustained activation of type I interferon signaling pathways. Incorporating microglia into sliced neocortical organoids extended the effects of aberrant type I interferon signaling in a human neural context. Collectively, our results illuminate a role for persistent type I interferon signaling in HIV-1-infected microglia in a human neural model, suggesting its potential significance in the pathogenesis of HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Boreland
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Alessandro C. Stillitano
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Hsin-Ching Lin
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yara Abbo
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ronald P. Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zhiping P. Pang
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Arnold B. Rabson
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, and Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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3
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Gumbs SBH, Stam AJ, Mudrikova T, Schipper PJ, Hoepelman AIM, van Ham PM, Borst AL, Hofstra LM, Gharu L, van Wyk S, Wilkinson E, de Witte LD, Wensing AMJ, Nijhuis M. Characterization of HIV variants from paired Cerebrospinal fluid and Plasma samples in primary microglia and CD4 + T-cells. J Neurovirol 2024:10.1007/s13365-024-01207-w. [PMID: 38713307 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-024-01207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV persistence in the central nervous system (CNS) continues to cause a range of cognitive impairments in people living with HIV (PLWH). Upon disease progression, transmigrating CCR5-using T-cell tropic viruses are hypothesized to evolve into macrophage-tropic viruses in the CNS that can efficiently infect low CD4-expressing cells, such as microglia. We examined HIV-1 RNA concentration, co-receptor usage, and CSF compartmentalization in paired CSF and blood samples from 19 adults not on treatment. Full-length envelope CSF- and plasma-derived reporter viruses were generated from 3 subjects and phenotypically characterized in human primary CD4+ T-cells and primary microglia. Median HIV RNA levels were higher in plasma than in CSF (5.01 vs. 4.12 log10 cp/mL; p = 0.004), and coreceptor usage was mostly concordant for CCR5 across the paired samples (n = 17). Genetically compartmentalized CSF viral populations were detected in 2 subjects, one with and one without neurological symptoms. All viral clones could replicate in T-cells (R5 T cell-tropic). In addition, 3 CSF and 1 plasma patient-derived viral clones also had the capacity to replicate in microglia/macrophages and, therefore have an intermediate macrophage tropic phenotype. Overall, with this study, we demonstrate that in a subset of PLWH, plasma-derived viruses undergo genetic and phenotypic evolution within the CNS, indicating viral infection and replication in CNS cells. It remains to be studied whether the intermediate macrophage-tropic phenotype observed in primary microglia represents a midpoint in the evolution towards a macrophage-tropic phenotype that can efficiently replicate in microglial cells and propagate viral infection in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B H Gumbs
- Translational Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen J Stam
- Translational Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tania Mudrikova
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline J Schipper
- Translational Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andy I M Hoepelman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra M van Ham
- Translational Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne L Borst
- Translational Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - LMarije Hofstra
- Translational Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lavina Gharu
- Translational Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie van Wyk
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Eduan Wilkinson
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lot D de Witte
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Annemarie M J Wensing
- Translational Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Monique Nijhuis
- Translational Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Hu Z, Cinque P, Dravid A, Hagberg L, Yilmaz A, Zetterberg H, Fuchs D, Gostner J, Blennow K, Spudich SS, Kincer L, Zhou S, Joseph S, Swanstrom R, Price RW, Gisslén M. Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins across the Spectrum of Untreated and Treated Chronic HIV-1 Infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.03.592451. [PMID: 38746436 PMCID: PMC11092784 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.03.592451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Using the Olink Explore 1536 platform, we measured 1,463 unique proteins in 303 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from four clinical centers that included uninfected controls and 12 groups of people living with HIV-1 infection representing the spectrum of progressive untreated and treated chronic infection. We present three initial analyses of these measurements: an overview of the CSF protein features of the sample; correlations of the CSF proteins with CSF HIV-1 RNA and neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) concentrations; and comparison of the CSF proteins in HIV-associated dementia ( HAD ) and neurosymptomatic CSF escape ( NSE ). These reveal a complex but coherent picture of CSF protein changes that includes highest concentrations of many proteins during CNS injury in the HAD and NSE groups and variable protein changes across the course of neuroasymptomatic systemic HIV-1 progression, including two common patterns, designated as lymphoid and myeloid patterns, related to the principal involvement of their underlying inflammatory cell lineages. Antiretroviral therapy reduced CSF protein perturbations, though not always to control levels. The dataset of these CSF protein measurements, along with background clinical information, is posted online. Extended studies of this unique dataset will provide more detailed characterization of the dynamic impact of HIV-1 infection on the CSF proteome across the spectrum of HIV-1 infection, and further the mechanistic understanding of HIV-1-related CNS pathobiology.
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5
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Michalski C, Wen Z. Leveraging iPSC technology to assess neuro-immune interactions in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1291115. [PMID: 38025464 PMCID: PMC10672983 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1291115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Communication between the immune and the nervous system is essential for human brain development and homeostasis. Disruption of this intricately regulated crosstalk can lead to neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, or neurodegenerative disorders. While animal models have been essential in characterizing the role of neuroimmunity in development and disease, they come with inherent limitations due to species specific differences, particularly with regard to microglia, the major subset of brain resident immune cells. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology now allows the development of clinically relevant models of the central nervous system that adequately reflect human genetic architecture. This article will review recent publications that have leveraged iPSC technology to assess neuro-immune interactions. First, we will discuss the role of environmental stressors such as neurotropic viruses or pro-inflammatory cytokines on neuronal and glial function. Next, we will review how iPSC models can be used to study genetic risk factors in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Lastly, we will evaluate current challenges and future potential for iPSC models in the field of neuroimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Michalski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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6
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Sun W, Rassadkina Y, Gao C, Collens SI, Lian X, Solomon IH, Mukerji SS, Yu XG, Lichterfeld M. Persistence of intact HIV-1 proviruses in the brain during antiretroviral therapy. eLife 2023; 12:RP89837. [PMID: 37938115 PMCID: PMC10631759 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 reservoir cells that circulate in peripheral blood during suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been well characterized, but little is known about the dissemination of HIV-1-infected cells across multiple anatomical tissues, especially the CNS. Here, we performed single-genome, near full-length HIV-1 next-generation sequencing to evaluate the proviral landscape in distinct anatomical compartments, including multiple CNS tissues, from 3 ART-treated participants at autopsy. While lymph nodes and, to a lesser extent, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tissues represented tissue hotspots for the persistence of intact proviruses, we also observed intact proviruses in CNS tissue sections, particularly in the basal ganglia. Multi-compartment dissemination of clonal intact and defective proviral sequences occurred across multiple anatomical tissues, including the CNS, and evidence for the clonal proliferation of HIV-1-infected cells was found in the basal ganglia, in the frontal lobe, in the thalamus and in periventricular white matter. Deep analysis of HIV-1 reservoirs in distinct tissues will be informative for advancing HIV-1 cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Sun
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | | | - Ce Gao
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | | | - Xiaodong Lian
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Isaac H Solomon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Shibani S Mukerji
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Xu G Yu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Mathias Lichterfeld
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonUnited States
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7
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Brew BJ, Clifford DB. Antiretroviral therapy intensification for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder? AIDS 2023; 37:2095-2096. [PMID: 37755427 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce J Brew
- Departments of Neurology and HIV Medicine and Peter Duncan Neurosciences Unit St Vincent's Hospital, University of New South Wales and Notre Dame, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David B Clifford
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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8
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Boreland AJ, Stillitano AC, Lin HC, Abbo Y, Hart RP, Jiang P, Pang ZP, Rabson AB. Dysregulated neuroimmune interactions and sustained type I interferon signaling after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of human iPSC derived microglia and cerebral organoids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.25.563950. [PMID: 37961371 PMCID: PMC10634901 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.25.563950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) affects up to half of HIV-1 positive patients with long term neurological consequences, including dementia. There are no effective therapeutics for HAND because the pathophysiology of HIV-1 induced glial and neuronal functional deficits in humans remains enigmatic. To bridge this knowledge gap, we established a model simulating HIV-1 infection in the central nervous system using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived microglia combined with sliced neocortical organoids. Upon incubation with two replication-competent macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strains (JRFL and YU2), we observed that microglia not only became productively infected but also exhibited inflammatory activation. RNA sequencing revealed a significant and sustained activation of type I interferon signaling pathways. Incorporating microglia into sliced neocortical organoids extended the effects of aberrant type I interferon signaling in a human neural context. Collectively, our results illuminate the role of persistent type I interferon signaling in HIV-1 infected microglial in a human neural model, suggesting its potential significance in the pathogenesis of HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Boreland
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
- Department of Neuroscience, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Alessandro C. Stillitano
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Hsin-Ching Lin
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Yara Abbo
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Ronald P. Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Zhiping P. Pang
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
- Department of Neuroscience, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Arnold B. Rabson
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
- Department of Pharmacology, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, and Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
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9
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Pla-Tenorio J, Roig AM, García-Cesaní PA, Santiago LA, Sepulveda-Orengo MT, Noel RJ. Astrocytes: Role in pathogenesis and effect of commonly misused drugs in the HIV infected brain. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 5:100108. [PMID: 38020814 PMCID: PMC10663134 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles of astrocytes as reservoirs and producers of a subset of viral proteins in the HIV infected brain have been studied extensively as a key to understanding HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). However, their comprehensive role in the context of intersecting substance use and neurocircuitry of the reward pathway and HAND has yet to be fully explained. Use of methamphetamines, cocaine, or opioids in the context of HIV infection have been shown to lead to a faster progression of HAND. Glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and GABAergic systems are implicated in the development of HAND-induced cognitive impairments. A thorough review of scientific literature exploring the variety of mechanisms in which these drugs exert their effects on the HIV brain and astrocytes has revealed marked areas of convergence in overexcitation leading to increased drug-seeking behavior, inflammation, apoptosis, and irreversible neurotoxicity. The present review investigates astrocytes, the neural pathways, and mechanisms of drug disruption that ultimately play a larger holistic role in terms of HIV progression and drug use. There are opportunities for future research, therapeutic intervention, and preventive strategies to diminish HAND in the subset population of patients with HIV and substance use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessalyn Pla-Tenorio
- Ponce Health Sciences University, School of Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, 395 Industrial Reparada, Zona 2, Ponce, PR, 00716, Puerto Rico
| | - Angela M. Roig
- Seattle Children's Hospital, MS OC.7.830, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105-0371, United States
| | - Paulina A. García-Cesaní
- Bella Vista Hospital, Family Medicine Residency, Carr. 349 Km 2.7, Cerro Las Mesas, Mayaguez, PR, 00681, Puerto Rico
| | - Luis A. Santiago
- Ponce Health Sciences University, School of Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, 395 Industrial Reparada, Zona 2, Ponce, PR, 00716, Puerto Rico
| | - Marian T. Sepulveda-Orengo
- Ponce Health Sciences University, School of Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, 395 Industrial Reparada, Zona 2, Ponce, PR, 00716, Puerto Rico
| | - Richard J. Noel
- Ponce Health Sciences University, School of Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, 395 Industrial Reparada, Zona 2, Ponce, PR, 00716, Puerto Rico
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10
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Local immune activation shapes systemic HIV reservoirs. Nat Med 2023:10.1038/s41591-023-02388-3. [PMID: 37340085 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
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11
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Lisco A, Lange C, Manion M, Kuriakose S, Dewar R, Gorelick RJ, Huik K, Yu Q, Hammoud DA, Smith BR, Muranski P, Rehm C, Sherman BT, Sykes C, Lindo N, Ye P, Bricker KM, Keele BF, Fennessey CM, Maldarelli F, Sereti I. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome drives emergence of HIV drug resistance from multiple anatomic compartments in a person living with HIV. Nat Med 2023; 29:1364-1369. [PMID: 37322122 PMCID: PMC10494392 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reservoirs of HIV maintained in anatomic compartments during antiretroviral therapy prevent HIV eradication. However, mechanisms driving their persistence and interventions to control them remain elusive. Here we report the presence of an inducible HIV reservoir within antigen-specific CD4+T cells in the central nervous system of a 59-year-old male with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (PML-IRIS). HIV production during PML-IRIS was suppressed by modulating inflammation with corticosteroids; selection of HIV drug resistance caused subsequent breakthrough viremia. Therefore, inflammation can influence the composition, distribution and induction of HIV reservoirs, warranting it as a key consideration for developing effective HIV remission strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lisco
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Camille Lange
- Clinical Retrovirology Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.
- Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Maura Manion
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Safia Kuriakose
- Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robin Dewar
- Virus Isolation and Serology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Gorelick
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kristi Huik
- Clinical Retrovirology Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Quan Yu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dima A Hammoud
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bryan R Smith
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catherine Rehm
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brad T Sherman
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Craig Sykes
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Natalie Lindo
- Clinical Retrovirology Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Peiying Ye
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine M Bricker
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brandon F Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Christine M Fennessey
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Frank Maldarelli
- Clinical Retrovirology Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Irini Sereti
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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12
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Sanfilippo C, Castrogiovanni P, Vinciguerra M, Imbesi R, Ulivieri M, Fazio F, Cantarella A, Nunnari G, Di Rosa M. Neuro-immune deconvolution analysis of OAS3 as a transcriptomic central node in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. J Neurol Sci 2023; 446:120562. [PMID: 36706688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurological complications of AIDS (NeuroAIDS) include primary HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). OAS3 is an enzyme belonging to the 2', 5' oligoadenylate synthase family induced by type I interferons and involved in the degradation of both viral and endogenous RNA. Here, we used microarray datasets from NCBI of brain samples of non-demented HIV-negative controls (NDC), HIV, deceased patients with HAND and encephalitis (HIVE) (treated and untreated with antiretroviral therapy, ART), and with HAND without HIVE. The HAND/HIVE patients were stratified according to the OAS3 gene expression. The genes positively and negatively correlated to the OAS3 gene expression were used to perform a genomic deconvolution analysis using neuroimmune signatures (NIS) belonging to sixteen signatures. Expression analysis revealed significantly higher OAS3 expression in HAND/HIVE and HAND/HIVE/ART compared with NDC. OAS3 expressed an excellent diagnostic ability to discriminate NDC from HAND/HIVE, HAND from HAND/HIVE, HAND from HAND/HIVE/ART, and HIV from HAND/HIVE. Noteworthy, OAS3 expression levels in the brains of HAND/HIVE patients were positively correlated with viral load in both peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Furthermore, deconvolution analysis revealed that the genes positively correlated to OAS3 expression were associated with inflammatory signatures. Neuronal activation profiles were significantly activated by the genes negatively correlated to OAS3 expression levels. Moreover, gene ontology analysis performed on genes characterizing the microglia signature highlighted an immune response as a main biological process. According to our results, genes positively correlated to OAS3 gene expression in the brains of HAND/HIVE patients are associated with inflammatory transcriptomic signatures and likely worse cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sanfilippo
- Neurologic Unit, AOU "Policlinico-San Marco", Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, GF, Ingrassia, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia n.78, 95100 Catania, Sicily, Italy
| | - Paola Castrogiovanni
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Translational Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria; Liverpool Center for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool Johns Moore University & University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rosa Imbesi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Ulivieri
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, Health Science, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Francesco Fazio
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, Health Science, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Cantarella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nunnari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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