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Al-Shuhaib MBS, Alam S, Khan SA, Al-Shuhaib JMB, Chen YK, M Alshabrmi F. Hemagglutinin 3 and 8 can be the most efficient influenza subtypes for human host invasion; a comparative in silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37965722 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2280674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The severity of the influenza virus infection is largely determined by its ability to invade the human host receptor. This critical step is conducted by utilizing hemagglutinin (HA) due to its binding with sialic acid 2,6 (SA). Though 18 subtypes (H1-H18) of HA have been identified, the most efficient one for conducting the host entry has not yet been resolved. This study aims to assess the severity of infections for HA variants by conducting a comparative docking of H1-H18 with the human SA receptor. Eighteen viral 3D structures were retrieved, minimized, and optimized for docking with human SA. In all retrieved structures, five conserved amino acid residues were selected for docking with human SA. Special protein grids were prepared by locating these five residues in the 18 selected subtypes. Results showed that H3 and H8 exerted the highest standard precision and extra precision docking scores, and the highest binding affinities with the human SA, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the actual positioning of the selected 3D structures and showed these docked structures belonged to their usual classes due to the extremely close distances found in each docked subtype compared with its corresponding non-docked structures. H8-SA showed slightly better RMSD and SASA values than H3-SA, while H3-SIA showed more favourable radius of gyration scores than H8-SIA in the majority of the simulation period. Due to the highest affinity of binding of H3 and H8 with the human receptor, special caution should be exercised regarding any possible outbreak mediated by these subtypes in human populations. However, it is important to acknowledge a limitation inherent to the computational approach; it may hold relative rather than absolute significance. Further research is needed to deepen our understanding of the intricate interplay between HA variants and the host receptor, taking into account the broader context of viral infection dynamics.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarfaraz Alam
- Tunneling Group Biotechnology Centre, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | | | - Yan-Kun Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Fahad M Alshabrmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Dressman JW, McDowell CT, Lu X, Angel PM, Drake RR, Mehta AS. Development of an Antibody-Based Platform for the Analysis of Immune Cell-Specific N-linked Glycosylation. Anal Chem 2023; 95:10289-10297. [PMID: 37293957 PMCID: PMC10988393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation plays an important role in both the innate and adaptive immune response through the modulation of cell surface receptors as well as general cell-to-cell interactions. The study of immune cell N-glycosylation is gaining interest but is hindered by the complexity of cell-type-specific N-glycan analysis. Analytical techniques such as chromatography, LC-MS/MS, and the use of lectins are all currently used to analyze cellular glycosylation. Issues with these analytical techniques include poor throughput, which is often limited to a single sample at a time, lack of structural information, the need for a large amount of starting materials, and the requirement for cell purification, thereby reducing their feasibility for N-glycan study. Here, we report the development of a rapid antibody array-based approach for the capture of specific nonadherent immune cells coupled with MALDI-IMS to analyze cellular N-glycosylation. This workflow is adaptable to multiple N-glycan imaging approaches such as the removal or stabilization and derivatization of terminal sialic acid residues providing unique avenues of analysis that have otherwise not been explored in immune cell populations. The reproducibility, sensitivity, and versatility of this assay provide an invaluable tool for researchers and clinical applications, significantly expanding the field of glycoimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Dressman
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Basic Science Building Room 310, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Colin T. McDowell
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Basic Science Building Room 310, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Basic Science Building Room 310, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Peggi M. Angel
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Basic Science Building Room 310, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Richard R. Drake
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Basic Science Building Room 310, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Anand S. Mehta
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Basic Science Building Room 310, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
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3
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Kastner M, Karner A, Zhu R, Huang Q, Geissner A, Sadewasser A, Lesch M, Wörmann X, Karlas A, Seeberger PH, Wolff T, Hinterdorfer P, Herrmann A, Sieben C. Relevance of Host Cell Surface Glycan Structure for Cell Specificity of Influenza A Viruses. Viruses 2023; 15:1507. [PMID: 37515193 PMCID: PMC10385328 DOI: 10.3390/v15071507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) initiate infection via binding of the viral hemagglutinin (HA) to sialylated glycans on host cells. HA's receptor specificity towards individual glycans is well studied and clearly critical for virus infection, but the contribution of the highly heterogeneous and complex glycocalyx to virus-cell adhesion remains elusive. Here, we use two complementary methods, glycan arrays and single-virus force spectroscopy (SVFS), to compare influenza virus receptor specificity with virus binding to live cells. Unexpectedly, we found that HA's receptor binding preference does not necessarily reflect virus-cell specificity. We propose SVFS as a tool to elucidate the cell binding preference of IAVs, thereby including the complex environment of sialylated receptors within the plasma membrane of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kastner
- Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas Karner
- Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Rong Zhu
- Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Qiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Andreas Geissner
- Department for Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Sadewasser
- Division of Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Lesch
- Molecular Biology Department, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xenia Wörmann
- Molecular Biology Department, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Karlas
- Molecular Biology Department, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department for Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wolff
- Division of Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hinterdorfer
- Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 23a, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Sieben
- Nanoscale Infection Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Genetics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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4
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Abbadi N, Mousa JJ. Broadly Protective Neuraminidase-Based Influenza Vaccines and Monoclonal Antibodies: Target Epitopes and Mechanisms of Action. Viruses 2023; 15:200. [PMID: 36680239 PMCID: PMC9861061 DOI: 10.3390/v15010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuraminidase (NA) is an important surface protein on influenza virions, playing an essential role in the viral life cycle and being a key target of the immune system. Despite the importance of NA-based immunity, current vaccines are focused on the hemagglutinin (HA) protein as the target for protective antibodies, and the amount of NA is not standardized in virion-based vaccines. Antibodies targeting NA are predominantly protective, reducing infection severity and viral shedding. Recently, NA-specific monoclonal antibodies have been characterized, and their target epitopes have been identified. This review summarizes the characteristics of NA, NA-specific antibodies, the mechanism of NA inhibition, and the recent efforts towards developing NA-based and NA-incorporating influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Abbadi
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jarrod J. Mousa
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Konietzny PB, Peters H, Hofer ML, Gerling-Driessen UIM, de Vries RP, Peters T, Hartmann L. Enzymatic Sialylation of Synthetic Multivalent Scaffolds: From 3'-Sialyllactose Glycomacromolecules to Novel Neoglycosides. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200358. [PMID: 36112275 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/12/1912] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sialoglycans play a key role in many biological recognition processes and sialylated conjugates of various types have successfully been applied, e.g., as antivirals or in antitumor therapy. A key feature for high affinity binding of such conjugates is the multivalent presentation of sialoglycans which often possess synthetic challenges. Here, the combination is described of solid phase polymer synthesis and enzymatic sialylation yielding 3'-sialyllactose-presenting precision glycomacromolecules. CMP-Neu5Ac synthetase from Neisseria meningitidis (NmCSS) and sialyltransferase from Pasteurella multocida (PmST1) are combined in a one-pot reaction giving access to sequence-defined sialylated macromolecules. Surprisingly, when employing Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) as a buffer, formation of significant amounts of α-linked Tris-sialoside is observed as a side reaction. Further exploring and exploiting this unusual sialylation reaction, different neoglycosidic structures are synthesized showing that PmST1 can be used to derive both, sialylation on natural carbohydrates as well as on synthetic hydroxylated scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Konietzny
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hannelore Peters
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marc L Hofer
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulla I M Gerling-Driessen
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Peters
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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6
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Varghese PM, Kishore U, Rajkumari R. Innate and adaptive immune responses against Influenza A Virus: Immune evasion and vaccination strategies. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bestion E, Halfon P, Mezouar S, Mège JL. Cell and Animal Models for SARS-CoV-2 Research. Viruses 2022; 14:1507. [PMID: 35891487 PMCID: PMC9319816 DOI: 10.3390/v14071507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last two years following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, development of potent antiviral drugs and vaccines has been a global health priority. In this context, the understanding of virus pathophysiology, the identification of associated therapeutic targets, and the screening of potential effective compounds have been indispensable advancements. It was therefore of primary importance to develop experimental models that recapitulate the aspects of the human disease in the best way possible. This article reviews the information concerning available SARS-CoV-2 preclinical models during that time, including cell-based approaches and animal models. We discuss their evolution, their advantages, and drawbacks, as well as their relevance to drug effectiveness evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïne Bestion
- Microbe Evolution Phylogeny Infection, Institut pour la Recherche et le Developpement, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (E.B.); (P.H.)
- Institue Hospitalo, Universitaire Mediterranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Genoscience Pharma, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Halfon
- Microbe Evolution Phylogeny Infection, Institut pour la Recherche et le Developpement, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (E.B.); (P.H.)
- Institue Hospitalo, Universitaire Mediterranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Genoscience Pharma, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Microbe Evolution Phylogeny Infection, Institut pour la Recherche et le Developpement, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (E.B.); (P.H.)
- Institue Hospitalo, Universitaire Mediterranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Genoscience Pharma, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mège
- Microbe Evolution Phylogeny Infection, Institut pour la Recherche et le Developpement, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (E.B.); (P.H.)
- Institue Hospitalo, Universitaire Mediterranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
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8
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Ekanger CT, Zhou F, Bohan D, Lotsberg ML, Ramnefjell M, Hoareau L, Røsland GV, Lu N, Aanerud M, Gärtner F, Salminen PR, Bentsen M, Halvorsen T, Ræder H, Akslen LA, Langeland N, Cox R, Maury W, Stuhr LEB, Lorens JB, Engelsen AST. Human Organotypic Airway and Lung Organoid Cells of Bronchiolar and Alveolar Differentiation Are Permissive to Infection by Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 Respiratory Virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:841447. [PMID: 35360113 PMCID: PMC8964279 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.841447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the initiation of unprecedented research efforts to understand the pathogenesis mediated by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). More knowledge is needed regarding the cell type-specific cytopathology and its impact on cellular tropism. Furthermore, the impact of novel SARS-CoV-2 mutations on cellular tropism, alternative routes of entry, the impact of co-infections, and virus replication kinetics along the respiratory tract remains to be explored in improved models. Most applied virology models are not well suited to address the remaining questions, as they do not recapitulate the histoarchitecture and cellular composition of human respiratory tissues. The overall aim of this work was to establish from single biopsy specimens, a human adult stem cell-derived organoid model representing the upper respiratory airways and lungs and explore the applicability of this model to study respiratory virus infection. First, we characterized the organoid model with respect to growth pattern and histoarchitecture, cellular composition, and functional characteristics. Next, in situ expression of viral entry receptors, including influenza virus-relevant sialic acids and SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2, were confirmed in organoids of bronchiolar and alveolar differentiation. We further showed successful infection by pseudotype influenza A H7N1 and H5N1 virus, and the ability of the model to support viral replication of influenza A H7N1 virus. Finally, successful infection and replication of a clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2 were confirmed in the organoids by TCID50 assay and immunostaining to detect intracellular SARS-CoV-2 specific nucleocapsid and dsRNA. The prominent syncytia formation in organoid tissues following SARS-CoV-2 infection mimics the findings from infected human tissues in situ. We conclude that the human organotypic model described here may be particularly useful for virology studies to evaluate regional differences in the host response to infection. The model contains the various cell types along the respiratory tract, expresses respiratory virus entry factors, and supports successful infection and replication of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2. Thus, the model may serve as a relevant and reliable tool in virology and aid in pandemic preparedness, and efficient evaluation of antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Tvedt Ekanger
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
- The Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fan Zhou
- The Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dana Bohan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Maria Lie Lotsberg
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria Ramnefjell
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Laurence Hoareau
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gro Vatne Røsland
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ning Lu
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marianne Aanerud
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fabian Gärtner
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pirjo Riitta Salminen
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mariann Bentsen
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Halvorsen
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helge Ræder
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars A. Akslen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nina Langeland
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rebecca Cox
- The Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Wendy Maury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | | | - James B. Lorens
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
| | - Agnete S. T. Engelsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Agnete S. T. Engelsen,
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9
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Human C1q Regulates Influenza A Virus Infection and Inflammatory Response via Its Globular Domain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063045. [PMID: 35328462 PMCID: PMC8949502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Influenza A virus (IAV) is a severe respiratory pathogen. C1q is the first subcomponent of the complement system’s classical pathway. C1q is composed of 18 polypeptide chains. Each of these chains contains a collagen-like region located at the N terminus, and a C-terminal globular head region organized as a heterotrimeric structure (ghA, ghB and ghC). This study was aimed at investigating the complement activation-independent modulation by C1q and its individual recombinant globular heads against IAV infection. The interaction of C1q and its recombinant globular heads with IAV and its purified glycoproteins was examined using direct ELISA and far-Western blotting analysis. The effect of the complement proteins on IAV replication kinetics and immune modulation was assessed by qPCR. The IAV entry inhibitory properties of C1q and its recombinant globular heads were confirmed using cell binding and luciferase reporter assays. C1q bound IAV virions via HA, NA and M1 IAV proteins, and suppressed replication in H1N1, while promoting replication in H3N2-infected A549 cells. C1q treatment further triggered an anti-inflammatory response in H1N1 and pro-inflammatory response in H3N2-infected cells as evident from differential expression of TNF-α, NF-κB, IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-6, IL-12 and RANTES. Furthermore, C1q treatment was found to reduce luciferase reporter activity of MDCK cells transfected with H1N1 pseudotyped lentiviral particles, indicative of an entry inhibitory role of C1q against infectivity of IAV. These data appear to demonstrate the complement-independent subtype specific modulation of IAV infection by locally produced C1q.
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10
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Reiprich A, Skalden L, Raab A, Bolotina N, Lang C. Lactobacillus crispatus DSM25988 as novel bioactive agent to co-aggregate Streptococcus pyogenes and to exclude it by binding to human cells. Benef Microbes 2022; 13:83-94. [PMID: 35144524 DOI: 10.3920/bm2021.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes, a group A streptococcus, is the major bacterial pathogen responsible for acute bacterial infection of the human oropharynx and the causative agent of scarlet fever. Estimates of the global burden of S. pyogenes related diseases revealed 616 million cases of pharyngitis, and at least 517,000 deaths due to severe invasive diseases and sequelae. Here we describe Lactobacillus crispatus DSM25988 that was identified among hundreds of Lactobacillus strains (referring to all organisms that were classified as Lactobacillaceae until 2020) showing ability to prevent adhesion of S. pyogenes to Detroit 562 cells, and to exhibit a masking and co-aggregating effect on S. pyogenes in vitro. L. crispatus DSM25988 also inhibits invasion of cultured human epithelial pharyngeal cells by S. pyogenes. Competitive binding to fibronectin might be involved in the inhibition process. Antiviral activity of the L. crispatus DSM25988 cells were identified in an in vitro cell model demonstrating that L. crispatus effectively excludes viruses from epithelial cells using SARS-CoV2 proteins as a model. This finding points to the potential of DSM25988 to protect cells from virus infection. Biological activity is retained in heat treated cells. The heat-treated Lactobacillus strain was further developed into functional throat lozenges, wherein its biological activity is stably maintained in the formulation. Lozenges containing L. crispatus DSM25988 underwent testing in an uncontrolled, prospective user study in 44 subjects with symptoms of sore throat for a period of up to 14 days. The study data shows promising safety and efficacy of the medical device when used against symptoms of sore throat like scratchy feeling, hoarse voice and swallowing pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reiprich
- Belano medical AG, Neuendorfstraße 19, 16761 Hennigsdorf, Germany
| | - L Skalden
- Belano medical AG, Neuendorfstraße 19, 16761 Hennigsdorf, Germany
| | - A Raab
- Belano medical AG, Neuendorfstraße 19, 16761 Hennigsdorf, Germany
| | - N Bolotina
- Belano medical AG, Neuendorfstraße 19, 16761 Hennigsdorf, Germany
| | - C Lang
- Belano medical AG, Neuendorfstraße 19, 16761 Hennigsdorf, Germany
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11
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Aleebrahim-Dehkordi E, Molavi B, Mokhtari M, Deravi N, Fathi M, Fazel T, Mohebalizadeh M, Koochaki P, Shobeiri P, Hasanpour-Dehkordi A. T helper type (Th1/Th2) responses to SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A (H1N1) virus: From cytokines produced to immune responses. Transpl Immunol 2022; 70:101495. [PMID: 34774738 PMCID: PMC8579696 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines produced by T helper cells (Th cells) have essential roles in the body's defense against viruses. Type 1 T helper (Th1) cells are essential for the host defense toward intracellular pathogens while T helper type 2 (Th2) cells are considered to be critical for the helminthic parasites' elimination swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus, a disease led to an epidemic in 2009 and rapidly spread globally via human-to-human transmission. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a global pandemic in 2020 and is a serious threat to the public health. Pulmonary immunopathology is the leading cause of death during influenza and SARS-CoV-2 epidemics and pandemics. Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 cause high levels of cytokines in the lung. Both inadequate levels and high levels of specific cytokines can have side effects. In this literature review article, we want to compare the Th1 and Th2 cells responses in SARS-CoV-2 and H1N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Aleebrahim-Dehkordi
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Molavi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Melika Mokhtari
- Dental Faculty, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Fathi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tara Fazel
- school of international campus, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebalizadeh
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Pooneh Koochaki
- Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Science Branch, faculty of medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Shobeiri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hasanpour-Dehkordi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran..
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12
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Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV), an obligatory intracellular parasite, uses host cellular molecules to complete its replication cycle and suppress immune responses. Proteasome subunit alpha type 2 (PSMA2) is a cellular protein highly expressed in IAV-infected human lung epithelial A549 cells. PSMA2 is part of the 20S proteasome complex that degrades or recycles defective proteins and involves proteolytic modification of many cellular regulatory proteins. However, the role of PSMA2 in IAV replication is not well understood. In this study, PSMA2 knockdown (KD) in A549 cells caused a significant reduction in extracellular progeny IAV, but intracellular viral protein translation and viral RNA transcription were not affected. This indicates that PSMA2 is a critical host factor for IAV maturation. To better understand the interplay between PSMA2 KD and IAV infection at the proteomic level, we used the SomaScan 1.3K version, which measures 1,307 proteins to analyze alterations induced by these treatments. We found seven cellular signaling pathways, including phospholipase C signaling, Pak signaling, and nuclear factor erythroid 2p45-related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated oxidative stress response signaling, that were inhibited by IAV infection but significantly activated by PSMA2 KD. Further analysis of NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response signaling indicated IAV inhibits accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but ROS levels significantly increased during IAV infection in PSMA2 KD cells. However, IAV infection caused significantly higher NFR2 nuclear translocation that was inhibited in PSMA2 KD cells. This indicates that PSMA2 is required for NRF2-mediated ROS neutralization and that IAV uses PSMA2 to escape viral clearance via the NRF2-mediated cellular oxidative response. IMPORTANCE Influenza A virus (IAV) remains one of the most significant infectious agents, responsible for 3 million to 5 million illnesses each year and more than 50 million deaths during the 20th century. The cellular processes that promote and inhibit IAV infection and pathogenesis remain only partially understood. PSMA2 is a critical component of the 20S proteasome and ubiquitin-proteasome system, which is important in the replication of numerous viruses. This study examined host protein responses to IAV infection alone, PSMA2 knockdown alone, and IAV infection in the presence of PSMA2 knockdown and determined that interfering with PSMA2 function affected IAV maturation. These results help us better understand the importance of PSMA2 in IAV replication and may pave the way for designing additional IAV antivirals targeting PSMA2 or the host proteasome for the treatment of seasonal flu.
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13
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Wang Q, Wang Y, Yang S, Lin C, Aliyu L, Chen Y, Parsons L, Tian Y, Jia H, Pekosz A, Betenbaugh MJ, Cipollo JF. A Linkage-specific Sialic Acid Labeling Strategy Reveals Different Site-specific Glycosylation Patterns in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Produced in CHO and HEK Cell Substrates. Front Chem 2021; 9:735558. [PMID: 34631661 PMCID: PMC8497748 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.735558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus utilizes the extensively glycosylated spike (S) protein protruding from the viral envelope to bind to angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) as its primary receptor to mediate host-cell entry. Currently, the main recombinant S protein production hosts are Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. In this study, a recombinant S protein truncated at the transmembrane domain and engineered to express a C-terminal trimerization motif was transiently produced in CHO and HEK cell suspensions. To further evaluate the sialic acid linkages presenting on S protein, a two-step amidation process, employing dimethylamine and ammonium hydroxide reactions in a solid support system, was developed to differentially modify the sialic acid linkages on the glycans and glycopeptides from the S protein. The process also adds a charge to Asp and Glu which aids in ionization. We used MALDI-TOF and LC-MS/MS with electron-transfer/higher-energy collision dissociation (EThcD) fragmentation to determine global and site-specific N-linked glycosylation patterns. We identified 21 and 19 out of the 22 predicted N-glycosites of the SARS-CoV-2 S proteins produced in CHO and HEK, respectively. It was found that the N-glycosite at 1,158 position (N1158) and at 122, 282 and 1,158 positions (N122, N282 and N1158) were absent on S from CHO and HEK cells, respectively. The structural mapping of glycans of recombinant human S proteins reveals that CHO-Spike exhibits more complex and higher sialylation (α2,3-linked) content while HEK-Spike exhibits more high-mannose and a small amount of α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids. The N74 site represents the most abundant glycosite on both spike proteins. The relatively higher amount of high-mannose abundant sites (N17, N234, N343, N616, N709, N717, N801, and N1134) on HEK-Spike suggests that glycan-shielding may differ among the two constructs. HEK-Spike can also provide different host immune system interaction profiles based on known immune system active lectins. Collectively, these data underscore the importance of characterizing the site-specific glycosylation of recombinant human spike proteins from HEK and CHO cells in order to better understand the impact of the production host on this complex and important protein used in research, diagnostics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shuang Yang
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changyi Lin
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Lateef Aliyu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yiqun Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lisa Parsons
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yuan Tian
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hongpeng Jia
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael J Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John F Cipollo
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Baltimore, MD, United States
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14
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Sandor AM, Sturdivant MS, Ting JPY. Influenza Virus and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:2509-2520. [PMID: 34021048 PMCID: PMC8722349 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza and the current COVID-19 pandemic represent looming global health challenges. Efficacious and safe vaccines remain the frontline tools for mitigating both influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced diseases. This review will discuss the existing strategies for influenza vaccines and how these strategies have informed SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. It will also discuss new vaccine platforms and potential challenges for both viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Sandor
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; and
| | - Michael S Sturdivant
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jenny P Y Ting
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC;
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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15
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Friedrich SK, Schmitz R, Bergerhausen M, Lang J, Duhan V, Hardt C, Tenbusch M, Prinz M, Asano K, Bhat H, Hamdan TA, Lang PA, Lang KS. Replication of Influenza A Virus in Secondary Lymphatic Tissue Contributes to Innate Immune Activation. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050622. [PMID: 34069514 PMCID: PMC8160763 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The replication of viruses in secondary lymphoid organs guarantees sufficient amounts of pattern-recognition receptor ligands and antigens to activate the innate and adaptive immune system. Viruses with broad cell tropism usually replicate in lymphoid organs; however, whether a virus with a narrow tropism relies on replication in the secondary lymphoid organs to activate the immune system remains not well studied. In this study, we used the artificial intravenous route of infection to determine whether Influenza A virus (IAV) replication can occur in secondary lymphatic organs (SLO) and whether such replication correlates with innate immune activation. Indeed, we found that IAV replicates in secondary lymphatic tissue. IAV replication was dependent on the expression of Sialic acid residues in antigen-presenting cells and on the expression of the interferon-inhibitor UBP43 (Usp18). The replication of IAV correlated with innate immune activation, resulting in IAV eradication. The genetic deletion of Usp18 curbed IAV replication and limited innate immune activation. In conclusion, we found that IAV replicates in SLO, a mechanism which allows innate immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Kim Friedrich
- Institute of Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.-K.F.); (R.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.); (V.D.); (C.H.); (H.B.)
| | - Rosa Schmitz
- Institute of Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.-K.F.); (R.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.); (V.D.); (C.H.); (H.B.)
| | - Michael Bergerhausen
- Institute of Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.-K.F.); (R.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.); (V.D.); (C.H.); (H.B.)
| | - Judith Lang
- Institute of Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.-K.F.); (R.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.); (V.D.); (C.H.); (H.B.)
| | - Vikas Duhan
- Institute of Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.-K.F.); (R.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.); (V.D.); (C.H.); (H.B.)
| | - Cornelia Hardt
- Institute of Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.-K.F.); (R.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.); (V.D.); (C.H.); (H.B.)
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for NeuroModulation (NeuroModBasics), University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kenichi Asano
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan;
| | - Hilal Bhat
- Institute of Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.-K.F.); (R.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.); (V.D.); (C.H.); (H.B.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, Robert Koch-Strasse 21, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Thamer A. Hamdan
- Institute of Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.-K.F.); (R.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.); (V.D.); (C.H.); (H.B.)
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Madaba, Amman 11821, Jordan
- Correspondence: (T.A.H.); (K.S.L.)
| | - Philipp Alexander Lang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine II, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Karl Sebastian Lang
- Institute of Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.-K.F.); (R.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.); (V.D.); (C.H.); (H.B.)
- Correspondence: (T.A.H.); (K.S.L.)
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16
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Ishihara K, Abe M, Fukazawa K, Konno T. Control of Cell-Substrate Binding Related to Cell Proliferation Cycle Status Using a Cytocompatible Phospholipid Polymer Bearing Phenylboronic Acid Groups. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2000341. [PMID: 33502108 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To provide high-quality cellular raw materials for cell engineering and pharmaceutical engineering, a polymer substrate is prepared for cell separation focusing on the cell proliferation cycle. There are many types of sugar chains on cell membranes, which function as signaling molecules to control interactions with the exterior of the cell; their abundance changes during the cell-proliferation cycle. In this study, a phenylboronic acid group, which has affinity for sugar chains, is introduced into a polymer containing a phosphorylcholine group that does not induce cell activation. On the surface of this polymer, human promyelocytic leukemia cells can adhere. The adhesion rate is increased by pretreating the substrate with an alkaline solution. Moreover, cell adhesion is dependent on the sugar additive in the culture medium. Therefore, cell adhesion is governed by reactions between the sugar chain on the cell membrane and the phenylboronic acid groups on the substrate. It is revealed that the adhesion rate changes depending on the expression level of sugar chains related to the cell-proliferation cycle. Based on this, it may be proposed a cell proliferation cycle-specific separation process using the polymer substrate based on cell adhesion depending on sugar chain density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masashi Abe
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fukazawa
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Konno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba-Aramaki, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
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17
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Differential expression and correlation analysis of miRNA-mRNA profiles in swine testicular cells infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1868. [PMID: 33479333 PMCID: PMC7820490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The variant virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain (YN15) can cause severe porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED); however, the attenuated vaccine-like PEDV strain (YN144) can induce immunity in piglets. To investigate the differences in pathogenesis and epigenetic mechanisms between the two strains, differential expression and correlation analyses of the microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA in swine testicular (ST) cells infected with YN15, YN144, and mock were performed on three comparison groups (YN15 vs Control, YN144 vs Control, and YN15 vs YN144). The mRNA and miRNA expression profiles were obtained using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the differentially expressed (DE) (p-value < 0.05) mRNA and miRNA were obtained using DESeq R package. mRNAs targeted by DE miRNAs were predicted using the miRanda algortithm. 8039, 8631 and 3310 DE mRNAs, and 36, 36, and 22 DE miRNAs were identified in the three comparison groups, respectively. 14,140, 15,367 and 3771 DE miRNA-mRNA (targeted by DE miRNAs) interaction pairs with negatively correlated expression patterns were identified, and interaction networks were constructed using Cytoscape. Six DE miRNAs and six DE mRNAs were randomly selected to verify the sequencing data by real-time relative quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Based on bioinformatics analysis, we discovered the differences were mostly involved in host immune responses and viral pathogenicity, including NF-κB signaling pathway and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, etc. This is the first comprehensive comparison of DE miRNA-mRNA pairs in YN15 and YN144 infection in vitro, which could provide novel strategies for the prevention and control of PED.
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18
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Chepur SV, Pluzhnikov NN, Chubar OV, Bakulina LS, Litvinenko IV, Makarov VA, Gogolevsky AS, Myasnikov VA, Myasnikova IA, Al-Shehadat RI. Respiratory RNA Viruses: How to Be Prepared for an Encounter with New Pandemic Virus Strains. BIOLOGY BULLETIN REVIEWS 2021; 11. [PMCID: PMC8078390 DOI: 10.1134/s207908642102002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of the biology of influenza viruses and coronavirus that determine the implementation of the infectious process are presented. With provision for pathogenesis of infection possible effects of serine proteinase inhibitors, heparin, and inhibitors of heparan sulfate receptors in the prevention of cell contamination by viruses are examined. It has been determined that chelators of metals of variable valency and antioxidants should be used for the reduction of replicative activity of viruses and anti-inflammatory therapy. The possibility of a pH-dependent impairment of glycosylation of cellular and viral proteins was traced for chloroquine and its derivatives. The use of low-toxicity drugs as part of adjunct therapy increases the effectiveness of synthetic antiviral drugs and interferons and ensures the safety of baseline therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. V. Chepur
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N. N. Pluzhnikov
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - O. V. Chubar
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - L. S. Bakulina
- Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | | | - V. A. Makarov
- Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. S. Gogolevsky
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V. A. Myasnikov
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I. A. Myasnikova
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - R. I. Al-Shehadat
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
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19
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Cheeseman J, Kuhnle G, Spencer DI, Osborn HM. Assays for the identification and quantification of sialic acids: Challenges, opportunities and future perspectives. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 30:115882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Cytidine Monophosphate N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Synthetase and Solute Carrier Family 35 Member A1 Are Required for Reovirus Binding and Infection. J Virol 2020; 95:JVI.01571-20. [PMID: 33087464 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01571-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Engagement of cell surface receptors by viruses is a critical determinant of viral tropism and disease. The reovirus attachment protein σ1 binds sialylated glycans and proteinaceous receptors to mediate infection, but the specific requirements for different cell types are not entirely known. To identify host factors required for reovirus-induced cell death, we conducted a CRISPR-knockout screen targeting over 20,000 genes in murine microglial BV2 cells. Candidate genes required for reovirus to cause cell death were highly enriched for sialic acid synthesis and transport. Two of the top candidates identified, CMP N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase (Cmas) and solute carrier family 35 member A1 (Slc35a1), promote sialic acid expression on the cell surface. Two reovirus strains that differ in the capacity to bind sialic acid, T3SA+ and T3SA-, were used to evaluate Cmas and Slc35a1 as potential host genes required for reovirus infection. Following CRISPR-Cas9 disruption of either gene, cell surface expression of sialic acid was diminished. These results correlated with decreased binding of strain T3SA+, which is capable of engaging sialic acid. Disruption of either gene did not alter the low-level binding of T3SA-, which does not engage sialic acid. Furthermore, infectivity of T3SA+ was diminished to levels similar to those of T3SA- in cells lacking Cmas and Slc35a1 by CRISPR ablation. However, exogenous expression of Cmas and Slc35a1 into the respective null cells restored sialic acid expression and T3SA+ binding and infectivity. These results demonstrate that Cmas and Slc35a1, which mediate cell surface expression of sialic acid, are required in murine microglial cells for efficient reovirus binding and infection.IMPORTANCE Attachment factors and receptors are important determinants of dissemination and tropism during reovirus-induced disease. In a CRISPR cell survival screen, we discovered two genes, Cmas and Slc35a1, which encode proteins required for sialic acid expression on the cell surface and mediate reovirus infection of microglial cells. This work elucidates host genes that render microglial cells susceptible to reovirus infection and expands current understanding of the receptors on microglial cells that are engaged by reovirus. Such knowledge may lead to new strategies to selectively target microglial cells for oncolytic applications.
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21
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Gutierrez Reyes CD, Jiang P, Donohoo K, Atashi M, Mechref YS. Glycomics and glycoproteomics: Approaches to address isomeric separation of glycans and glycopeptides. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:403-425. [PMID: 33090644 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the glycome of human proteins and cells are associated with the progression of multiple diseases such as Alzheimer's, diabetes mellitus, many types of cancer, and those caused by viruses. Consequently, several studies have shown essential modifications to the isomeric glycan moieties for diseases in different stages. However, the elucidation of extensive isomeric glycan profiles remains challenging because of the lack of analytical techniques with sufficient resolution power to separate all glycan and glycopeptide iso-forms. Therefore, the development of sensitive and accurate approaches for the characterization of all the isomeric forms of glycans and glycopeptides is essential to tracking the progression of pathology in glycoprotein-related diseases. This review describes the isomeric separation achievements reported in glycomics and glycoproteomics in the last decade. It focuses on the mass spectrometry-based analytical strategies, stationary phases, and derivatization techniques that have been developed to enhance the separation mechanisms in liquid chromatography systems and the detection capabilities of mass spectrometry systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peilin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Donohoo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Mojgan Atashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Yehia S Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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22
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Makarov V, Riabova O, Ekins S, Pluzhnikov N, Chepur S. The past, present and future of RNA respiratory viruses: influenza and coronaviruses. Pathog Dis 2020; 78:ftaa046. [PMID: 32860686 PMCID: PMC7499567 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus and coronaviruses continue to cause pandemics across the globe. We now have a greater understanding of their functions. Unfortunately, the number of drugs in our armory to defend us against them is inadequate. This may require us to think about what mechanisms to address. Here, we review the biological properties of these viruses, their genetic evolution and antiviral therapies that can be used or have been attempted. We will describe several classes of drugs such as serine protease inhibitors, heparin, heparan sulfate receptor inhibitors, chelating agents, immunomodulators and many others. We also briefly describe some of the drug repurposing efforts that have taken place in an effort to rapidly identify molecules to treat patients with COVID-19. While we put a heavy emphasis on the past and present efforts, we also provide some thoughts about what we need to do to prepare for respiratory viral threats in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Makarov
- Federal Research Center Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33-2 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Olga Riabova
- Federal Research Center Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33-2 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Nikolay Pluzhnikov
- State Research Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, St Petersburg 195043, Russia
| | - Sergei Chepur
- State Research Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, St Petersburg 195043, Russia
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23
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Wang X, Zheng T, Lin L, Zhang Y, Peng X, Yan Y, Lei J, Zhou J, Hu B. Influenza A Virus Induces Autophagy by Its Hemagglutinin Binding to Cell Surface Heat Shock Protein 90AA1. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:566348. [PMID: 33117314 PMCID: PMC7575715 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.566348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy can be utilized by the influenza A virus (IAV) to facilitate its replication. However, whether autophagy is induced at the stage of IAV entry is still unclear. Here, we report that IAV induces autophagy by hemagglutinin (HA) binding to heat shock protein 90AA1 (HSP90AA1) distributed on the cell surface. Virus overlay protein binding assay and pull-down assay indicated that IAV HA bound directly to cell surface HSP90AA1. Knockdown of HSP90AA1 weakened H1N1 infection. Incubation of IAV viral particles with recombinant HSP90AA1 or prior blockade of A549 cells with an anti-HSP90AA1 antibody could inhibit attachment of IAV. Moreover, we found that recombinant HA1 protein binding to cell surface HSP90AA1 was sufficient to induce autophagy through the AKT-MTOR pathway. Our study reveals that the HSP90AA1 on cell surface participates in IAV entry by directing binding to the HA1 subunit of IAV and subsequently induces autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbo Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Center of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tuyuan Zheng
- Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lulu Lin
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Center of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yina Zhang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Center of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiran Peng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Center of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Center of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lei
- Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Center of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boli Hu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Center of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Hwang HS, Chang M, Kim YA. Influenza-Host Interplay and Strategies for Universal Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030548. [PMID: 32962304 PMCID: PMC7564814 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is an annual epidemic and an occasional pandemic caused by pathogens that are responsible for infectious respiratory disease. Humans are highly susceptible to the infection mediated by influenza A viruses (IAV). The entry of the virus is mediated by the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein that binds to the cellular sialic acid receptors and facilitates the fusion of the viral membrane with the endosomal membrane. During IAV infection, virus-derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are recognized by host intracellular specific sensors including toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) either on the cell surface or intracellularly in endosomes. Herein, we comprehensively review the current knowledge available on the entry of the influenza virus into host cells and the molecular details of the influenza virus–host interface. We also highlight certain strategies for the development of universal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Suk Hwang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Mincheol Chang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (Y.A.K.); Tel.: +82-62-530-1771 (M.C.); +82-62-530-1871 (Y.A.K.)
| | - Yoong Ahm Kim
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (Y.A.K.); Tel.: +82-62-530-1771 (M.C.); +82-62-530-1871 (Y.A.K.)
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25
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Yan LM, Lau SPN, Poh CM, Chan VSF, Chan MCW, Peiris M, Poon LLM. Heterosubtypic Protection Induced by a Live Attenuated Influenza Virus Vaccine Expressing Galactose-α-1,3-Galactose Epitopes in Infected Cells. mBio 2020; 11:e00027-20. [PMID: 32127444 PMCID: PMC7064743 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00027-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-galactose-α-1,3-galactose (anti-α-Gal) antibody is naturally expressed at a high level in humans. It constitutes about 1% of immunoglobulins found in human blood. Here, we designed a live attenuated influenza virus vaccine that can generate α-Gal epitopes in infected cells in order to facilitate opsonization of infected cells, thereby enhancing vaccine-induced immune responses. In the presence of normal human sera, cells infected with this mutant can enhance phagocytosis of human macrophages and cytotoxicity of NK cells in vitro Using a knockout mouse strain that allows expression of anti-α-Gal antibody in vivo, we showed that this strategy can increase vaccine immunogenicity and the breadth of protection. This vaccine can induce 100% protection against a lethal heterosubtypic group 1 (H5) or group 2 (mouse-adapted H3) influenza virus challenge in the mouse model. In contrast, its heterosubtypic protective effect in wild-type or knockout mice that do not have anti-α-Gal antibody expression is only partial, demonstrating that the enhanced vaccine-induced protection requires anti-α-Gal antibody upon vaccination. Anti-α-Gal-expressing knockout mice immunized with this vaccine produce robust humoral and cell-mediated responses upon a lethal virus challenge. This vaccine can stimulate CD11blo/- pulmonary dendritic cells, which are known to be crucial for clearance of influenza virus. Our approach provides a novel strategy for developing next-generation influenza virus vaccines.IMPORTANCE Influenza A viruses have multiple HA subtypes that are antigenically diverse. Classical influenza virus vaccines are subtype specific, and they cannot induce satisfactory heterosubtypic immunity against multiple influenza virus subtypes. Here, we developed a live attenuated H1N1 influenza virus vaccine that allows the expression of α-Gal epitopes by infected cells. Anti-α-Gal antibody is naturally produced by humans. In the presence of this antibody, human cells infected with this experimental vaccine virus can enhance several antibody-mediated immune responses in vitro Importantly, mice expressing anti-α-Gal antibody in vivo can be fully protected by this H1N1 vaccine against a lethal H5 or H3 virus challenge. Our work demonstrates a new strategy for using a single influenza virus strain to induce broadly cross-reactive immune responses against different influenza virus subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Meng Yan
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sylvia P N Lau
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chek Meng Poh
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vera S F Chan
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Michael C W Chan
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Malik Peiris
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Leo L M Poon
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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26
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Wong HH, Fung K, Nicholls JM. MDCK-B4GalNT2 cells disclose a α2,3-sialic acid requirement for the 2009 pandemic H1N1 A/California/04/2009 and NA aid entry of A/WSN/33. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 8:1428-1437. [PMID: 31560252 PMCID: PMC6781475 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1665971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Switching of receptor binding preference has been widely considered as one of the necessary mutations for avian influenza viruses, enabling efficient transmissions between human hosts. By stably overexpressing B4GalNT2 gene in MDCK cells, surface α2,3-siallylactose receptors were modified without affecting α2,6-receptor expression. The cell line MDCK-B4GalNT2 was used as a tool to screen for α2,3-receptor requirements in a panel of influenza viruses with previously characterized glycan array data. Infection of viruses with α2,3-receptor binding capability was inhibited in MDCK-B4GalNT2 cells, with the exception of A/WSN/33 (WSN). Infection with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strains, A/California/04/2009 (Cal04) and A/Hong Kong/415742/2009 (HK09), despite showing α2,6-receptor binding, was also found to be inhibited. Further investigation showed that viral inhibition was due to a reduction in viral entry rate and viral attachment. Recombinant WSN virus with the neuraminidase (NA) gene swapped to A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) and Cal04 resulted in a significant viral inhibition in MDCK-B4GalNT2 cells. With oseltamivir, the NA active site was found to be important for the replication results of WSN, but not Cal04.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Him Wong
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong.,HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Kevin Fung
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - John M Nicholls
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
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27
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Sialic acid and biology of life: An introduction. SIALIC ACIDS AND SIALOGLYCOCONJUGATES IN THE BIOLOGY OF LIFE, HEALTH AND DISEASE 2020. [PMCID: PMC7153325 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816126-5.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are important molecule with high structural diversity. They are known to occur in higher animals such as Echinoderms, Hemichordata, Cephalochorda, and Vertebrata and also in other animals such as Platyhelminthes, Cephalopoda, and Crustaceae. Plants are known to lack sialic acid. But they are reported to occur in viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. Deaminated neuraminic acid although occurs in vertebrates and bacteria, is reported to occur in abundance in the lower vertebrates. Sialic acids are mostly located in terminal ends of glycoproteins and glycolipids, capsular and tissue polysialic acids, bacterial lipooligosaccharides/polysaccharides, and in different forms that dictate their role in biology. Sialic acid play important roles in human physiology of cell-cell interaction, communication, cell-cell signaling, carbohydrate-protein interactions, cellular aggregation, development processes, immune reactions, reproduction, and in neurobiology and human diseases in enabling the infection process by bacteria and virus, tumor growth and metastasis, microbiome biology, and pathology. It enables molecular mimicry in pathogens that allows them to escape host immune responses. Recently sialic acid has found role in therapeutics. In this chapter we have highlighted the (i) diversity of sialic acid, (ii) their occurrence in the diverse life forms, (iii) sialylation and disease, and (iv) sialic acid and therapeutics.
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28
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Varghese PM, Murugaiah V, Beirag N, Temperton N, Khan HA, Alrokayan SH, Al-Ahdal MN, Nal B, Al-Mohanna FA, Sim RB, Kishore U. C4b Binding Protein Acts as an Innate Immune Effector Against Influenza A Virus. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585361. [PMID: 33488586 PMCID: PMC7820937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
C4b Binding Protein (C4BP) is a major fluid phase inhibitor of the classical and lectin pathways of the complement system. Complement inhibition is achieved by binding to and restricting the role of activated complement component C4b. C4BP functions as a co-factor for factor I in proteolytic inactivation of both soluble and cell surface-bound C4b, thus restricting the formation of the C3-convertase, C4b2a. C4BP also accelerates the natural decay/dissociation of the C3 convertase. This makes C4BP a prime target for exploitation by pathogens to escape complement attack, as seen in Streptococcus pyogenes or Flavivirus. Here, we examined whether C4BP can act on its own in a complement independent manner, against pathogens. C4BP bound H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes of Influenza A Virus (IAV) most likely via multiple sites in Complement Control Protein (CCP) 1-2, 4-5, and 7-8 domains of its α-chain. In addition, C4BP CCP1-2 bound H3N2 better than H1N1. C4BP bound three IAV envelope proteins: Haemagglutinin (~70 kDa), Neuraminidase (~55 kDa), and Matrix protein 1 (~25kDa). C4BP suppressed H1N1 subtype infection into the lung epithelial cell line, A549, while it promoted infection by H3N2 subtype. C4BP restricted viral entry for H1N1 but had the opposite effect on H3N2, as evident from experiments using pseudo-typed viral particles. C4BP downregulated mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory IFN-α, IL-12, and NFκB in the case of H1N1, while it promoted a pro-inflammatory immune response by upregulating IFN- α, TNF-α, RANTES, and IL-6 in the case of H3N2. We conclude that C4BP differentially modulates the efficacy of IAV entry, and hence, replication in a target cell in a strain-dependent manner, and acts as an entry inhibitor for H1N1. Thus, CCP containing complement proteins such as factor H and C4BP may have additional defense roles against IAV that do not rely on the regulation of complement activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen M. Varghese
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Valarmathy Murugaiah
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nazar Beirag
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent and Greenwich, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman H. Alrokayan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed N. Al-Ahdal
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Beatrice Nal
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Futwan A. Al-Mohanna
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert B. Sim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Uday Kishore, uday.kishore.brunel.ac.uk;
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29
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de Vries E, Du W, Guo H, de Haan CA. Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase-Receptor Balance: Preserving Virus Motility. Trends Microbiol 2020; 28:57-67. [PMID: 31629602 PMCID: PMC7172302 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) occasionally cross the species barrier and adapt to novel host species. This requires readjustment of the functional balance of the sialic acid receptor-binding hemagglutinin (HA) and the receptor-destroying neuraminidase (NA) to the sialoglycan-receptor repertoire of the new host. Novel techniques have revealed mechanistic details of this HA-NA-receptor balance, emphasizing a previously underappreciated crucial role for NA in driving the motility of receptor-associated IAV particles. Motility enables virion penetration of the sialylated mucus layer as well as attachment to, and uptake into, underlying epithelial cells. As IAVs are essentially irreversibly bound in the absence of NA activity, the fine-tuning of the HA-NA-receptor balance rather than the binding avidity of IAV particles per se is an important factor in determining host species tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik de Vries
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Wenjuan Du
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hongbo Guo
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A.M. de Haan
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands,Correspondence:
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30
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Influenza Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase: Yin⁻Yang Proteins Coevolving to Thwart Immunity. Viruses 2019; 11:v11040346. [PMID: 31014029 PMCID: PMC6520700 DOI: 10.3390/v11040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virions possess two surface glycoproteins-the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)-which exert opposite functions. HA attaches virions to cells by binding to terminal sialic acid residues on glycoproteins/glycolipids to initiate the infectious cycle, while NA cleaves terminal sialic acids, releasing virions to complete the infectious cycle. Antibodies specific for HA or NA can protect experimental animals from IAV pathogenesis and drive antigenic variation in their target epitopes that impairs vaccine effectiveness in humans. Here, we review progress in understanding HA/NA co-evolution as each acquires epistatic mutations to restore viral fitness to mutants selected in the other protein by host innate or adaptive immune pressure. We also discuss recent exciting findings that antibodies to HA can function in vivo by blocking NA enzyme activity to prevent nascent virion release and enhance Fc receptor-based activation of innate immune cells.
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31
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Littauer EQ, Skountzou I. Hormonal Regulation of Physiology, Innate Immunity and Antibody Response to H1N1 Influenza Virus Infection During Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2455. [PMID: 30420854 PMCID: PMC6215819 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2009, the H1N1 swine flu pandemic highlighted the vulnerability of pregnant women to influenza viral infection. Pregnant women infected with influenza A virus were at increased risk of hospitalization and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is associated with high mortality, while their newborns had an increased risk of pre-term birth or low birth weight. Pregnant women have a unique immunological profile modulated by the sex hormones required to maintain pregnancy, namely progesterone and estrogens. The role of these hormones in coordinating maternal immunotolerance in uterine tissue and cellular subsets has been well researched; however, these hormones have wide-ranging effects outside the uterus in modulating the immune response to disease. In this review, we compile research findings in the clinic and in animal models that elaborate on the unique features of H1N1 influenza A viral pathogenesis during pregnancy, the crosstalk between innate immune signaling and hormonal regulation during pregnancy, and the role of pregnancy hormones in modulating cellular responses to influenza A viral infection at mid-gestation. We highlight the ways in which lung architecture and function is stressed by pregnancy, increasing baseline inflammation prior to infection. We demonstrate that infection disrupts progesterone production and upregulates inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandins, resulting in pre-term labor and spontaneous abortions. Lastly, we profile the ways in which pregnancy alters innate and adaptive cellular immune responses to H1N1 influenza viral infection, and the ways in which these protect fetal development at the expense of effective long-term immune memory. Thus, we highlight advancements in the field of reproductive immunology in response to viral infection and illustrate how that knowledge might be used to develop more effective post-infection therapies and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Q Littauer
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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32
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Substrate Binding by the Second Sialic Acid-Binding Site of Influenza A Virus N1 Neuraminidase Contributes to Enzymatic Activity. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01243-18. [PMID: 30089692 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01243-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus (IAV) neuraminidase (NA) protein plays an essential role in the release of virus particles from cells and decoy receptors. The NA enzymatic activity presumably needs to match the activity of the IAV hemagglutinin (HA) attachment protein and the host sialic acid (SIA) receptor repertoire. We analyzed the enzymatic activities of N1 NA proteins derived from avian (H5N1) and human (H1N1) IAVs and analyzed the role of the second SIA-binding site, located adjacent to the conserved catalytic site, therein. SIA contact residues in the second SIA-binding site of NA are highly conserved in avian, but not human, IAVs. All N1 proteins preferred cleaving α2,3- over α2,6-linked SIAs even when their corresponding HA proteins displayed a strict preference for α2,6-linked SIAs, indicating that the specificity of the NA protein does not need to fully match that of the corresponding HA protein. NA activity was affected by substitutions in the second SIA-binding site that are observed in avian and human IAVs, at least when multivalent rather than monovalent substrates were used. These mutations included both SIA contact residues and residues that do not directly interact with SIA in all three loops of the second SIA-binding site. Substrate binding via the second SIA-binding site enhanced the catalytic activity of N1. Mutation of the second SIA-binding site was also shown to affect virus replication in vitro Our results indicate an important role for the N1 second SIA-binding site in binding to and cleavage of multivalent substrates.IMPORTANCE Avian and human influenza A viruses (IAVs) preferentially bind α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids (SIAs), respectively. A functional balance between the hemagglutinin (HA) attachment and neuraminidase (NA) proteins is thought to be important for host tropism. What this balance entails at the molecular level is, however, not well understood. We now show that N1 proteins of both avian and human viruses prefer cleaving avian- over human-type receptors although human viruses were relatively better in cleavage of the human-type receptors. In addition, we show that substitutions at different positions in the second SIA-binding site found in NA proteins of human IAVs have a profound effect on binding and cleavage of multivalent, but not monovalent, receptors and affect virus replication. Our results indicate that the HA-NA balance can be tuned via modification of substrate binding via this site and suggest an important role of the second SIA-binding site in host tropism.
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33
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Imai-Matsushima A, Martin-Sancho L, Karlas A, Imai S, Zoranovic T, Hocke AC, Mollenkopf HJ, Berger H, Meyer TF. Long-Term Culture of Distal Airway Epithelial Cells Allows Differentiation Towards Alveolar Epithelial Cells Suited for Influenza Virus Studies. EBioMedicine 2018; 33:230-241. [PMID: 29937069 PMCID: PMC6085545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As the target organ for numerous pathogens, the lung epithelium exerts critical functions in health and disease. However, research in this area has been hampered by the quiescence of the alveolar epithelium under standard culture conditions. Here, we used human distal airway epithelial cells (DAECs) to generate alveolar epithelial cells. Long-term, robust growth of human DAECs was achieved using co-culture with feeder cells and supplementation with epidermal growth factor (EGF), Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor Y27632, and the Notch pathway inhibitor dibenzazepine (DBZ). Removal of feeders and priming with DBZ and a cocktail of lung maturation factors prevented the spontaneous differentiation into airway club cells and instead induced differentiation to alveolar epithelial cells. We successfully transferred this approach to chicken distal airway cells, thus generating a zoonotic infection model that enables studies on influenza A virus replication. These cells are also amenable for gene knockdown using RNAi technology, indicating the suitability of the model for mechanistic studies into lung function and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Imai-Matsushima
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Martin-Sancho
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Karlas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Seiichiro Imai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Zoranovic
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hocke
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Mollenkopf
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Core Facility Microarray/Genomics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hilmar Berger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas F Meyer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
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Wen F, Guo J, Tong G, Bi D, Wang Q, Liu X, Wang S, Shan T, Tong W, Zhou Y, Li G, Yu H. A meta-analysis of transcriptomic characterization revealed extracellular matrix pathway involved in the H5N1 and H7N9 infections. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62561-62572. [PMID: 28977969 PMCID: PMC5617529 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian-origin H5N1 and H7N9 influenza A viruses are capable of causing lethal infection in humans, with serious lung pathology and leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The contribution of host response associated with the poor prognosis of H5N1 and H7N9 infections remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the host factors involved in the high pathogenicity of H5N1 and H7N9 by a systematical meta-analysis. The RNA-seq datasets related to H5N1, H7N9, and H1N1 infections with time series were retrieved from GEO. After merging the data from different series, ComBat was used to adjust the known variances from different batches. The transcription factors binding the genes in each cluster were predicted by PASTAA. We figured out the genes that were differentially expressed at any time point in samples infected with H5N1, H7N9, or H1N1. The analysis of biological function showed that genes related with cytokine were up-regulated in all three viruses. However, genes associated with carbon metabolism were found exclusively down-regulated in H7N9 and the extracellular matrix pathway were only enriched in H5N1 and H7N9. To summary, our study suggested that the extracellular matrix might be associated with the high fatality of H5N1 and H7N9 viruses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wen
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jinyue Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dingren Bi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shuaiyong Wang
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tonglin Shan
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
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35
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Alymova IV, York IA, Air GM, Cipollo JF, Gulati S, Baranovich T, Kumar A, Zeng H, Gansebom S, McCullers JA. Glycosylation changes in the globular head of H3N2 influenza hemagglutinin modulate receptor binding without affecting virus virulence. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36216. [PMID: 27796371 PMCID: PMC5086918 DOI: 10.1038/srep36216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of human H3N2 influenza A viruses in the pandemic of 1968, these viruses have become established as strains of moderate severity. A decline in virulence has been accompanied by glycan accumulation on the hemagglutinin globular head, and hemagglutinin receptor binding has changed from recognition of a broad spectrum of glycan receptors to a narrower spectrum. The relationship between increased glycosylation, binding changes, and reduction in H3N2 virulence is not clear. We evaluated the effect of hemagglutinin glycosylation on receptor binding and virulence of engineered H3N2 viruses. We demonstrate that low-binding virus is as virulent as higher binding counterparts, suggesting that H3N2 infection does not require either recognition of a wide variety of, or high avidity binding to, receptors. Among the few glycans recognized with low-binding virus, there were two structures that were bound by the vast majority of H3N2 viruses isolated between 1968 and 2012. We suggest that these two structures support physiologically relevant binding of H3N2 hemagglutinin and that this physiologically relevant binding has not changed since the 1968 pandemic. Therefore binding changes did not contribute to reduced severity of seasonal H3N2 viruses. This work will help direct the search for factors enhancing influenza virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Alymova
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization & Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control &Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ian A York
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization & Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control &Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gillian M Air
- Department of Biochemistry &Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - John F Cipollo
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Shelly Gulati
- Department of Biochemistry &Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tatiana Baranovich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Amrita Kumar
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization & Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control &Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hui Zeng
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization & Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control &Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shane Gansebom
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization & Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control &Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan A McCullers
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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36
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Söderholm S, Fu Y, Gaelings L, Belanov S, Yetukuri L, Berlinkov M, Cheltsov AV, Anders S, Aittokallio T, Nyman TA, Matikainen S, Kainov DE. Multi-Omics Studies towards Novel Modulators of Influenza A Virus-Host Interaction. Viruses 2016; 8:v8100269. [PMID: 27690086 PMCID: PMC5086605 DOI: 10.3390/v8100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause global pandemics and epidemics. These viruses evolve rapidly, making current treatment options ineffective. To identify novel modulators of IAV–host interactions, we re-analyzed our recent transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and genomics/virtual ligand screening data. We identified 713 potential modulators targeting 199 cellular and two viral proteins. Anti-influenza activity for 48 of them has been reported previously, whereas the antiviral efficacy of the 665 remains unknown. Studying anti-influenza efficacy and immuno/neuro-modulating properties of these compounds and their combinations as well as potential viral and host resistance to them may lead to the discovery of novel modulators of IAV–host interactions, which might be more effective than the currently available anti-influenza therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Söderholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 00250, Finland.
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Lana Gaelings
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Sergey Belanov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Laxman Yetukuri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Mikhail Berlinkov
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620083, Russia.
| | - Anton V Cheltsov
- Q-Mol L.L.C. in Silico Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Simon Anders
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland.
| | | | - Sampsa Matikainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 00250, Finland.
- Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00015, Finland.
| | - Denis E Kainov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
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Vaidya B, Cho SY, Oh KS, Kim SH, Kim YO, Jeong EH, Nguyen TT, Kim SH, Kim IS, Kwon J, Kim D. Effectiveness of Periodic Treatment of Quercetin against Influenza A Virus H1N1 through Modulation of Protein Expression. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4416-4425. [PMID: 27157719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Kimchi, a traditional fermented food regularly consumed in Korea, contains various types of antimicrobial compounds. Among the tested compounds present in common spices used in Kimchi, quercetin showed the highest selectivity index against influenza A virus (IAV) H1N1. In this study, the effect of pretreatment and periodic treatment with quercetin against IAV in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells was observed. Compared to pretreatment, periodic treatment resulted in significantly higher cell viability but lower relative expression of the IAV PA gene and total apoptosis and cell death. To explain the mechanisms underlying the antiviral effects of quercetin treatment, a comparative proteomic analysis was performed in four samples (mock, quercetin-treated, IAV-infected, and quercetin-treated IAV-infected). Among the 220 proteins, 56 proteins were classified nonhierarchically into three clusters and were differentially modulated by quercetin treatment in IAV-infected cells. Post-translational modifications were identified in 68 proteins. In conclusion, periodic treatment with quercetin is effective in reducing IAV infection, and differentially regulates the expression of key proteins, including heat shock proteins, fibronectin 1, and prohibitin to reduce IAV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipin Vaidya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BK21 Plus Program, and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186, South Korea
- Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Se-Young Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BK21 Plus Program, and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Seo Oh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BK21 Plus Program, and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Song Hak Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BK21 Plus Program, and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Yeong O Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BK21 Plus Program, and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BK21 Plus Program, and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Thoa Thi Nguyen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BK21 Plus Program, and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi , Gwangju 61755, South Korea
| | - In Seon Kim
- Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Joseph Kwon
- Korea Basic Science Institute , Daejeon 34133, South Korea
| | - Duwoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BK21 Plus Program, and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186, South Korea
- Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186, South Korea
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38
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Targeted disruption of influenza A virus hemagglutinin in genetically modified mice reduces viral replication and improves disease outcome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23746. [PMID: 27033724 PMCID: PMC4817130 DOI: 10.1038/srep23746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus can cause acute respiratory infection in animals and humans around the globe, and is still a major threat to animal husbandry and public health. Due to antigenic drift and antigenic shift of the virus, development of novel anti-influenza strategies has become an urgent task. Here we generated transgenic (TG) mice stably expressing a short-hairpin RNA specifically targeting hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A virus, and investigated the susceptibility of the mice to influenza virus infection. We found that HA expression was dramatically disrupted in TG mice infected with WSN or PR8 virus. Importantly, the animals showed reduced virus production in lungs, slower weight loss, attenuated acute organ injury and consequently increased survival rates as compared to wild type (WT) mice after the viral infection. Moreover, TG mice exhibited a normal level of white blood cells following the virus infection, whereas the number of these cells was significantly decreased in WT mice with same challenge. Together, these experiments demonstrate that the TG mice are less permissive for influenza virus replication, and suggest that shRNA-based efficient disruption of viral gene expression in animals may be a useful strategy for prevention and control of a viral zoonosis.
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39
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Ren S, Wang J, Chen TL, Li HY, Wan YS, Peng NF, Gui XE, Zhu Y. Hepatitis B Virus Stimulated Fibronectin Facilitates Viral Maintenance and Replication through Two Distinct Mechanisms. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152721. [PMID: 27023403 PMCID: PMC4811540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is a high molecular weight extracellular matrix protein that functions in cell adhesion, growth, migration, and embryonic development. However, little is known about the role of FN during viral infection. In the present study, we found significantly higher levels of FN in sera, and liver tissues from hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients relative to healthy individuals. HBV expression enhanced FN mRNA and protein levels in the hepatic cell lines Huh7 and HepG2. HBV infection of susceptible HepG2-sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide cells also increased FN expression. We also found that transcriptional factor specificity protein 1 was involved in the induction of FN by HBV. Knockdown of FN expression significantly inhibited HBV DNA replication and protein synthesis through activating endogenous IFN-α production. In addition, FN interacted with the transforming growth factor β-activated protein kinase 1 (TAK1) and TAK1-binding protein complex and attenuated interferon signaling by inhibiting TAK1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65 was found to be inhibited by FN. We also observed that FN promoted HBV enhancers to support HBV expression. These results suggest novel functions of endogenous FN involved in immune evasion and maintenance of HBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tie-Long Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao-Yu Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Shun Wan
- The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan-Fang Peng
- The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi-En Gui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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40
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Michalek P, Richtera L, Krejcova L, Nejdl L, Kensova R, Zitka J, Kopel P, Heger Z, Adam V, Kizek R. Bioconjugation of peptides using advanced nanomaterials to examine their interactions in 3D printed flow-through device. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:444-54. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Michalek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Krejcova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Nejdl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Renata Kensova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jan Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kopel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
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41
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Simon PF, McCorrister S, Hu P, Chong P, Silaghi A, Westmacott G, Coombs KM, Kobasa D. Highly Pathogenic H5N1 and Novel H7N9 Influenza A Viruses Induce More Profound Proteomic Host Responses than Seasonal and Pandemic H1N1 Strains. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4511-23. [PMID: 26381135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) are important human and animal pathogens with potential for causing pandemics. IAVs exhibit a wide spectrum of clinical illness in humans, from relatively mild infections by seasonal strains to acute respiratory distress syndrome during infections with some highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses. In the present study, we infected A549 human cells with seasonal H1N1 (sH1N1), 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pdmH1N1), or novel H7N9 and HPAI H5N1 strains. We used multiplexed isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification to measure proteomic host responses to these different strains at 1, 3, and 6 h post-infection. Our analyses revealed that both H7N9 and H5N1 strains induced more profound changes to the A549 global proteome compared to those with low-pathogenicity H1N1 virus infection, which correlates with the higher pathogenicity these strains exhibit at the organismal level. Bioinformatics analysis revealed important modulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) oxidative stress response in infection. Cellular fractionation and Western blotting suggested that the phosphorylated form of NRF2 is not imported to the nucleus in H5N1 and H7N9 virus infections. Fibronectin was also strongly inhibited in infection with H5N1 and H7N9 strains. This is the first known comparative proteomic study of the host response to H7N9, H5N1, and H1N1 viruses and the first time NRF2 is shown to be implicated in infection with highly pathogenic strains of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe François Simon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9 Canada
| | | | - Pingzhao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada
| | | | - Alex Silaghi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9 Canada
| | | | - Kevin M Coombs
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9 Canada.,Manitoba Center for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3P4 Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9 Canada
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42
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Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) are highly contagious pathogens causing dreadful losses to human and animal, around the globe. IAVs first interact with the host through epithelial cells, and the viral RNA containing a 5′-triphosphate group is thought to be the critical trigger for activation of effective innate immunity via pattern recognition receptors-dependent signaling pathways. These induced immune responses establish the antiviral state of the host for effective suppression of viral replication and enhancing viral clearance. However, IAVs have evolved a variety of mechanisms by which they can invade host cells, circumvent the host immune responses, and use the machineries of host cells to synthesize and transport their own components, which help them to establish a successful infection and replication. In this review, we will highlight the molecular mechanisms of how IAV infection stimulates the host innate immune system and strategies by which IAV evades host responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsan Ullah Goraya
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Song Wang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Munir
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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43
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Wu NH, Meng F, Seitz M, Valentin-Weigand P, Herrler G. Sialic acid-dependent interactions between influenza viruses and Streptococcus suis affect the infection of porcine tracheal cells. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2557-2568. [PMID: 26297001 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial co-infections are a major complication in influenza-virus-induced disease in both humans and animals. Either of the pathogens may induce a host response that affects the infection by the other pathogen. A unique feature in the co-infection by swine influenza viruses (SIV) and Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is the direct interaction between the two pathogens. It is mediated by the haemagglutinin of SIV that recognizes the α2,6-linked sialic acid present in the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus suis. In the present study, this interaction was demonstrated for SIV of both H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes as well as for human influenza viruses that recognize α2,6-linked sialic acid. Binding of SIV to Streptococcus suis resulted in co-sedimentation of virus with bacteria during low-speed centrifugation. Viruses bound to bacteria retained infectivity but induced only tiny plaques compared with control virus. Infection of porcine tracheal cells by SIV facilitated adherence of Streptococcus suis, which was evident by co-staining of bacterial and viral antigen. Sialic-acid-dependent binding of Streptococcus suis was already detectable after incubation for 30 min. By contrast, bacterial co-infection had a negative effect on the replication of SIV as indicated by lower virus titres in the supernatant and a delay in the kinetics of virus release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Huei Wu
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fandan Meng
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren Seitz
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Valentin-Weigand
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georg Herrler
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Functional variants regulating LGALS1 (Galectin 1) expression affect human susceptibility to influenza A(H7N9). Sci Rep 2015; 5:8517. [PMID: 25687228 PMCID: PMC4649671 DOI: 10.1038/srep08517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The fatality of avian influenza A(H7N9) infection in humans was over 30%. To identify human genetic susceptibility to A(H7N9) infection, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 102 A(H7N9) patients and 106 heavily-exposed healthy poultry workers, a sample size critically restricted by the small number of human A(H7N9) cases. To tackle the stringent significance cutoff of GWAS, we utilized an artificial imputation program SnipSnip to improve the association signals. In single-SNP analysis, one of the top SNPs was rs13057866 of LGALS1. The artificial imputation (AI) identified three non-genotyped causal variants, which can be represented by three anchor/partner SNP pairs rs13057866/rs9622682 (AI P = 1.81 × 10−7), rs4820294/rs2899292 (2.13 × 10−7) and rs62236673/rs2899292 (4.25 × 10−7) respectively. Haplotype analysis of rs4820294 and rs2899292 could simulate the signal of a causal variant. The rs4820294/rs2899292 haplotype GG, in association with protection from A(H7N9) infection (OR = 0.26, P = 5.92 × 10−7) correlated to significantly higher levels of LGALS1 mRNA (P = 0.050) and protein expression (P = 0.025) in lymphoblast cell lines. Additionally, rs4820294 was mapped as an eQTL in human primary monocytes and lung tissues. In conclusion, functional variants of LGALS1 causing the expression variations are contributable to the differential susceptibility to influenza A(H7N9).
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Poole DS, Yú S, Caì Y, Dinis JM, Müller MA, Jordan I, Friedrich TC, Kuhn JH, Mehle A. Influenza A virus polymerase is a site for adaptive changes during experimental evolution in bat cells. J Virol 2014; 88:12572-85. [PMID: 25142579 PMCID: PMC4248895 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01857-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The recent identification of highly divergent influenza A viruses in bats revealed a new, geographically dispersed viral reservoir. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of host-restricted viral tropism and the potential for transmission of viruses between humans and bats, we exposed a panel of cell lines from bats of diverse species to a prototypical human-origin influenza A virus. All of the tested bat cell lines were susceptible to influenza A virus infection. Experimental evolution of human and avian-like viruses in bat cells resulted in efficient replication and created highly cytopathic variants. Deep sequencing of adapted human influenza A virus revealed a mutation in the PA polymerase subunit not previously described, M285K. Recombinant virus with the PA M285K mutation completely phenocopied the adapted virus. Adaptation of an avian virus-like virus resulted in the canonical PB2 E627K mutation that is required for efficient replication in other mammals. None of the adaptive mutations occurred in the gene for viral hemagglutinin, a gene that frequently acquires changes to recognize host-specific variations in sialic acid receptors. We showed that human influenza A virus uses canonical sialic acid receptors to infect bat cells, even though bat influenza A viruses do not appear to use these receptors for virus entry. Our results demonstrate that bats are unique hosts that select for both a novel mutation and a well-known adaptive mutation in the viral polymerase to support replication. IMPORTANCE Bats constitute well-known reservoirs for viruses that may be transferred into human populations, sometimes with fatal consequences. Influenza A viruses have recently been identified in bats, dramatically expanding the known host range of this virus. Here we investigated the replication of human influenza A virus in bat cell lines and the barriers that the virus faces in this new host. Human influenza A and B viruses infected cells from geographically and evolutionarily diverse New and Old World bats. Viruses mutated during infections in bat cells, resulting in increased replication and cytopathic effects. These mutations were mapped to the viral polymerase and shown to be solely responsible for adaptation to bat cells. Our data suggest that replication of human influenza A viruses in a nonnative host drives the evolution of new variants and may be an important source of genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Poole
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shuǐqìng Yú
- NIH/NIAID Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Yíngyún Caì
- NIH/NIAID Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jorge M Dinis
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marcel A Müller
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Thomas C Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- NIH/NIAID Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Mehle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Yang X, Wu L, Duan X, Cui L, Luo J, Li G. Adenovirus carrying gene encoding Haliotis discus discus sialic acid binding lectin induces cancer cell apoptosis. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:3994-4004. [PMID: 24983642 PMCID: PMC4113811 DOI: 10.3390/md12073994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins exist widely in marine bioresources such as bacteria, algae, invertebrate animals and fishes. Some purified marine lectins have been found to elicit cytotoxicity to cancer cells. However, there are few reports describing the cytotoxic effect of marine lectins on cancer cells through virus-mediated gene delivery. We show here that a replication-deficient adenovirus-carrying gene encoding Haliotis discus discus sialic acid binding lectin (Ad.FLAG-HddSBL) suppressed cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis, as compared to the control virus Ad.FLAG. A down-regulated level of anti-apoptosis factor Bcl-2 was suggested to be responsible for the apoptosis induced by Ad.FLAG-HddSBL infection. Further subcellular localization studies revealed that HddSBL distributed in cell membrane, ER, and the nucleus, but not in mitochondria and Golgi apparatus. In contrast, a previously reported mannose-binding lectin Pinellia pedatisecta agglutinin entered the nucleus as well, but did not distribute in inner membrane systems, suggesting differed intracellular sialylation and mannosylation, which may provide different targets for lectin binding. Further cancer-specific controlling of HddSBL expression and animal studies may help to provide insights into a novel way of anti-cancer marine lectin gene therapy. Lectins may provide a reservoir of anti-cancer genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liqin Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xuemei Duan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lianzhen Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jingjing Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Gongchu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
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Wu NC, Young AP, Al-Mawsawi LQ, Olson CA, Feng J, Qi H, Chen SH, Lu IH, Lin CY, Chin RG, Luan HH, Nguyen N, Nelson SF, Li X, Wu TT, Sun R. High-throughput profiling of influenza A virus hemagglutinin gene at single-nucleotide resolution. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4942. [PMID: 24820965 PMCID: PMC4018626 DOI: 10.1038/srep04942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic research on influenza virus biology has been informed in large part by nucleotide variants present in seasonal or pandemic samples, or individual mutants generated in the laboratory, leaving a substantial part of the genome uncharacterized. Here, we have developed a single-nucleotide resolution genetic approach to interrogate the fitness effect of point mutations in 98% of the amino acid positions in the influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) gene. Our HA fitness map provides a reference to identify indispensable regions to aid in drug and vaccine design as targeting these regions will increase the genetic barrier for the emergence of escape mutations. This study offers a new platform for studying genome dynamics, structure-function relationships, virus-host interactions, and can further rational drug and vaccine design. Our approach can also be applied to any virus that can be genetically manipulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Wu
- 1] Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA [2] Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA [3]
| | - Arthur P Young
- 1] Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA [2]
| | - Laith Q Al-Mawsawi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - C Anders Olson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hangfei Qi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shu-Hwa Chen
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Lu
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yen Lin
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Robert G Chin
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Harding H Luan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nguyen Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- 1] Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA [2] Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xinmin Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ren Sun
- 1] Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA [2] Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA [3] AIDS Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Mair CM, Ludwig K, Herrmann A, Sieben C. Receptor binding and pH stability - how influenza A virus hemagglutinin affects host-specific virus infection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1838:1153-68. [PMID: 24161712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus strains adopt different host specificities mainly depending on their hemagglutinin (HA) protein. Via HA, the virus binds sialic acid receptors of the host cell and, upon endocytic uptake, HA triggers fusion between the viral envelope bilayer and the endosomal membrane by a low pH-induced conformational change leading to the release of the viral genome into the host cell cytoplasm. Both functions are crucial for viral infection enabling the genesis of new progeny virus. Adaptation to different hosts in vitro was shown to require mutations within HA altering the receptor binding and/or fusion behavior of the respective virus strain. Human adapted influenza virus strains (H1N1, H3N2, H2N2) as well as recent avian influenza virus strains (H5, H7 and H9 subtypes) which gained the ability to infect humans mostly contained mutations in the receptor binding site (RBS) of HA enabling increased binding affinity of these viruses to human type (α-2,6 linked sialic acid) receptors. Thus, the receptor binding specificity seems to be the major requirement for successful adaptation to the human host; however, the RBS is not the only determinant of host specificity. Increased binding to a certain cell type does not always correlate with infection efficiency. Furthermore, viruses carrying mutations in the RBS often resulted in reduced viral fitness and were still unable to transmit between mammals. Recently, the pH stability of HA was reported to affect the transmissibility of influenza viruses. This review summarizes recent findings on the adaptation of influenza A viruses to the human host and related amino acid substitutions resulting in altered receptor binding specificity and/or modulated fusion pH of HA. Furthermore, the role of these properties (receptor specificity and pH stability of HA) for adaptation to and transmissibility in the human host is discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Viral Membrane Proteins -- Channels for Cellular Networking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Mair
- Group of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Ludwig
- Research center of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Group of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Sieben
- Group of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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IFITMs restrict the replication of multiple pathogenic viruses. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:4937-55. [PMID: 24076421 PMCID: PMC4121887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The interferon-inducible transmembrane protein (IFITM) family inhibits a growing number of pathogenic viruses, among them influenza A virus, dengue virus, hepatitis C virus, and Ebola virus. This review covers recent developments in our understanding of the IFITM's molecular determinants, potential mechanisms of action, and impact on pathogenesis.
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50
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Michael P, Brabant D, Bleiblo F, Ramana CV, Rutherford M, Khurana S, Tai T, Kumar A, Kumar A. Influenza A induced cellular signal transduction pathways. J Thorac Dis 2013; 5 Suppl 2:S132-41. [PMID: 23977434 PMCID: PMC3747532 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.07.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A is a negative sense single stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae Family. This enveloped virus contains 8 segments of viral RNA which encodes 11 viral proteins. Influenza A infects humans and is the causative agent of the flu. Annually it infects approximately 5% to 15% of the population world wide and results in an estimated 250,000 to 500,000 deaths a year. The nature of influenza A replication results in a high mutation rate which results in the need for seasonal vaccinations. In addition the zoonotic nature of the influenza virus allows for recombination of viral segments from different strains creating new variants that have not been encountered before. This type of mutation is the method by which pandemic strains of the flu arises. Infection with influenza results in a respiratory illness that for most individuals is self limiting. However in susceptible populations which include individuals with pre-existing pulmonary or cardiac conditions, the very young and the elderly fatal complications may arise. The most serious of these is the development of viral pneumonia which may be accompanied by secondary bacterial infections. Progression of pneumonia leads to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute lung injury (ALI) and potentially respiratory failure. This progression is a combined effect of the host immune system response to influenza infection and the viral infection itself. This review will focus on molecular aspects of viral replication in alveolar cells and their response to infection. The response of select innate immune cells and their contribution to viral clearance and lung epithelial damage will also be discussed. Molecular aspects of antiviral response in the cells in particular the protein kinase RNA dependent response, and the oligoadenylate synthetase RNAse L system in relation to influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Michael
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, P3E 2C6, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle Brabant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, P3E 2C6, ON, Canada
| | - Farag Bleiblo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, P3E 2C6, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | | | - Michael Rutherford
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, P3E 5J1, ON, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, P3E 2C6, ON, Canada
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, P3E 2C6, ON, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, P3E 2C6, ON, Canada
| | - T.C. Tai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, P3E 2C6, ON, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, P3E 2C6, ON, Canada
| | - Anand Kumar
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3A 1R9, MB, Canada
| | - Aseem Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, P3E 2C6, ON, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, P3E 2C6, ON, Canada
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