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Sjodin AR, Willig MR, Rodríguez‐Durán A, Anthony SJ. Rapid taxonomic categorization of short, abundant virus sequences for ecological analyses. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11501. [PMID: 38895563 PMCID: PMC11183940 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Public health concerns about recent viral epidemics have motivated researchers to seek novel ways to understand pathogen infection in native, wildlife hosts. With its deep history of tools and perspectives for understanding the abundance and distribution of organisms, ecology can shed new light on viral infection dynamics. However, datasets allowing deep explorations of viral communities from an ecological perspective are lacking. We sampled 1086 bats from two, adjacent Puerto Rican caves and tested them for infection by herpesviruses, resulting in 3131 short, viral sequences. Using percent identity of nucleotides and a machine learning algorithm (affinity propagation), we categorized herpesviruses into 43 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) to be used in place of species in subsequent ecological analyses. Herpesvirus metacommunities demonstrated long-tailed rank frequency distributions at all analyzed levels of host organization (i.e., individual, population, and community). Although 13 herpesvirus OTUs were detected in more than one host species, OTUs generally exhibited host specificity by infecting a single core host species at a significantly higher prevalence than in all satellite species combined. We describe the natural history of herpesvirus metacommunities in Puerto Rican bats and suggest that viruses follow the general law that communities comprise few common and many rare species. To guide future efforts in the field of viral ecology, hypotheses are presented regarding mechanisms that contribute to these patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Sjodin
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticutUSA
| | - Michael R. Willig
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticutUSA
- Center for Environmental Sciences & Engineering and Institute of the EnvironmentUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticutUSA
| | | | - Simon J. Anthony
- Center for Infection and ImmunityColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and ImmunologyUC Davis School of Veterinary MedicineDavisCaliforniaUSA
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2
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Sullivan J, Huth L, Meers J, McMichael L. Presence of Multiple Herpesvirus Variants in Australian Flying Foxes (Pteropus spp.). J Wildl Dis 2023; 59:453-459. [PMID: 37270294 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-22-00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Herpesviruses have been detected in bat species from several countries, with a limited number of studies examining herpesviruses in Pteropus spp. (flying foxes) and no investigation of herpesviruses in Australian flying foxes. We examined the presence and prevalence of herpesviruses in the four mainland Australian flying fox species. A nested PCR targeting highly conserved amino acid motifs in the DNA polymerase (DPOL) gene of herpesviruses was used to analyze 564 samples collected from 514 individual Pteropus scapulatus, Pteropus poliocephalus, Pteropus alecto, and Pteropus conspicillatus. The prevalence of herpesvirus DNA in blood, urine, oral, and fecal swabs from the four species was 17% in P. scapulatus, 11% in P. poliocephalus, 10% in P. alecto, and 9% in P. conspicillatus (31% in P. conspicillatus spleen tissue). Five putative novel herpesviruses were detected. Following PCR amplicon sequence analysis, four of the herpesviruses grouped phylogenetically with the gammaherpesviruses, with nucleotide identities between 79% and 90% to gammaherpesviruses from Asian megabats. A betaherpesvirus was detected in P. scapulatus with 99% nucleotide identity to the partial DPOL gene sequence of an Indonesian fruit bat betaherpesvirus. This study lays the foundation for future epidemiology research of herpesviruses in Australian Pteropus spp. and adds to the discussion of hypotheses surrounding the evolutionary epidemiology of bat-borne viruses on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Sullivan
- University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Science Building, Gatton Campus, 5391 Warrego Hwy, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauren Huth
- University of Southern Queensland, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, Building P22, Toowoomba Campus, 487-535 West St, Darling Heights 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joanne Meers
- University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Science Building, Gatton Campus, 5391 Warrego Hwy, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lee McMichael
- University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Science Building, Gatton Campus, 5391 Warrego Hwy, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Harima H, Qiu Y, Yamagishi J, Kajihara M, Changula K, Okuya K, Isono M, Yamaguchi T, Ogawa H, Nao N, Sasaki M, Simulundu E, Mweene AS, Sawa H, Ishihara K, Hang'ombe BM, Takada A. Surveillance, Isolation, and Genetic Characterization of Bat Herpesviruses in Zambia. Viruses 2023; 15:1369. [PMID: 37376669 DOI: 10.3390/v15061369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats are of significant interest as reservoirs for various zoonotic viruses with high diversity. During the past two decades, many herpesviruses have been identified in various bats worldwide by genetic approaches, whereas there have been few reports on the isolation of infectious herpesviruses. Herein, we report the prevalence of herpesvirus infection of bats captured in Zambia and genetic characterization of novel gammaherpesviruses isolated from striped leaf-nosed bats (Macronycteris vittatus). By our PCR screening, herpesvirus DNA polymerase (DPOL) genes were detected in 29.2% (7/24) of Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus), 78.1% (82/105) of Macronycteris vittatus, and one Sundevall's roundleaf bat (Hipposideros caffer) in Zambia. Phylogenetic analyses of the detected partial DPOL genes revealed that the Zambian bat herpesviruses were divided into seven betaherpesvirus groups and five gammaherpesvirus groups. Two infectious strains of a novel gammaherpesvirus, tentatively named Macronycteris gammaherpesvirus 1 (MaGHV1), were successfully isolated from Macronycteris vittatus bats, and their complete genomes were sequenced. The genome of MaGHV1 encoded 79 open reading frames, and phylogenic analyses of the DNA polymerase and glycoprotein B demonstrated that MaGHV1 formed an independent lineage sharing a common origin with other bat-derived gammaherpesviruses. Our findings provide new information regarding the genetic diversity of herpesviruses maintained in African bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Harima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Department of Virology-I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Junya Yamagishi
- Division of Collaboration and Education, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Katendi Changula
- Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Kosuke Okuya
- Department of Pathogenetic and Preventive Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Mao Isono
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hirohito Ogawa
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Naganori Nao
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Macha Research Trust, Choma 20100, Zambia
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kanako Ishihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Ayato Takada
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
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Moraes SN, Becker JT, Moghadasi SA, Shaban NM, Auerbach AA, Cheng AZ, Harris RS. Evidence linking APOBEC3B genesis and evolution of innate immune antagonism by gamma-herpesvirus ribonucleotide reductases. eLife 2022; 11:83893. [PMID: 36458685 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have evolved diverse mechanisms to antagonize host immunity such as direct inhibition and relocalization of cellular APOBEC3B (A3B) by the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) of Epstein-Barr virus. Here, we investigate the mechanistic conservation and evolutionary origin of this innate immune counteraction strategy. First, we find that human gamma-herpesvirus RNRs engage A3B via largely distinct surfaces. Second, we show that RNR-mediated enzymatic inhibition and relocalization of A3B depend upon binding to different regions of the catalytic domain. Third, we show that the capability of viral RNRs to antagonize A3B is conserved among gamma-herpesviruses that infect humans and Old World monkeys that encode this enzyme but absent in homologous viruses that infect New World monkeys that naturally lack the A3B gene. Finally, we reconstruct the ancestral primate A3B protein and demonstrate that it is active and similarly engaged by the RNRs from viruses that infect humans and Old World monkeys but not by the RNRs from viruses that infect New World monkeys. These results combine to indicate that the birth of A3B at a critical branchpoint in primate evolution may have been a driving force in selecting for an ancestral gamma-herpesvirus with an expanded RNR functionality through counteraction of this antiviral enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia N Moraes
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Jordan T Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Seyed Arad Moghadasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Nadine M Shaban
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Ashley A Auerbach
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, United States
| | - Adam Z Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Reuben S Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, United States
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5
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Intaruck K, Itakura Y, Kishimoto M, Chambaro HM, Setiyono A, Handharyani E, Uemura K, Harima H, Taniguchi S, Saijo M, Kimura T, Orba Y, Sawa H, Sasaki M. Isolation and characterization of an orthoreovirus from Indonesian fruit bats. Virology 2022; 575:10-19. [PMID: 35987079 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nelson Bay orthoreovirus (NBV) is an emerging bat-borne virus and causes respiratory tract infections in humans sporadically. Over the last two decades, several strains genetically related to NBV were isolated from humans and various bat species, predominantly in Southeast Asia (SEA), suggesting a high prevalence of the NBV species in this region. In this study, an orthoreovirus (ORV) belonging to the NBV species was isolated from Indonesian fruit bats' feces, tentatively named Paguyaman orthoreovirus (PgORV). Serological studies revealed that 81.2% (108/133) of Indonesian fruit bats sera had neutralizing antibodies against PgORV. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of PgORV suggested the occurrence of past reassortments with other NBV strains isolated in SEA, indicating the dispersal and circulation of NBV species among bats in this region. Intranasal PgORV inoculation of laboratory mice caused severe pneumonia. Our study characterized PgORV's unique genetic background and highlighted the potential risk of PgORV-related diseases in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittiya Intaruck
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukari Itakura
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mai Kishimoto
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Herman M Chambaro
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Agus Setiyono
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ekowati Handharyani
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Kentaro Uemura
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hayato Harima
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Taniguchi
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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6
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Sasaki M. [Investigation of viruses harbored by wild animals: toward pre-emptive measures against future zoonotic diseases]. Uirusu 2022; 72:79-86. [PMID: 37899234 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.72.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Zoonoses are caused by pathogens transmitted from animals. To prepare mitigating measures against emerging zoonoses, it is imperative to identify animal reservoirs that carry potential pathogens and also elucidate the transmission routes of these pathogens. Under the continuous collaboration with counterparts from Zambia and Indonesia, we have so far identified various viruses in wild animals. Some of the identified viruses were phylogenetically distinct from known virus species and this finding led to approved new virus species by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Our studies provided new insights into the divergence, natural hosts and lifecycle of viruses. Through the exploration and characterization of viruses in animals, we will endeavor to contribute to the existing knowledge on viral pathogens in wild animals. This is cardinal for evidence-based preemptive measures against future zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control,Hokkaido University
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7
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Harima H, Sasaki M, Orba Y, Okuya K, Qiu Y, Wastika CE, Changula K, Kajihara M, Simulundu E, Yamaguchi T, Eto Y, Mori-Kajihara A, Sato A, Taniguchi S, Takada A, Saijo M, Hang’ombe BM, Sawa H. Attenuated infection by a Pteropine orthoreovirus isolated from an Egyptian fruit bat in Zambia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009768. [PMID: 34492038 PMCID: PMC8448348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pteropine orthoreovirus (PRV) is an emerging bat-borne zoonotic virus that causes severe respiratory illness in humans. Although PRVs have been identified in fruit bats and humans in Australia and Asia, little is known about the prevalence of PRV infection in Africa. Therefore, this study performed an PRV surveillance in fruit bats in Zambia. Methods Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus, n = 47) and straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum, n = 33) captured in Zambia in 2017–2018 were screened for PRV infection using RT-PCR and serum neutralization tests. The complete genome sequence of an isolated PRV strain was determined by next generation sequencing and subjected to BLAST and phylogenetic analyses. Replication capacity and pathogenicity of the strain were investigated using Vero E6 cell cultures and BALB/c mice, respectively. Results An PRV strain, tentatively named Nachunsulwe-57, was isolated from one Egyptian fruit bat. Serological assays demonstrated that 98% of sera (69/70) collected from Egyptian fruit bats (n = 37) and straw-colored fruit bats (n = 33) had neutralizing antibodies against PRV. Genetic analyses revealed that all 10 genome segments of Nachunsulwe-57 were closely related to a bat-derived Kasama strain found in Uganda. Nachunsulwe-57 showed less efficiency in viral growth and lower pathogenicity in mice than another PRV strain, Miyazaki-Bali/2007, isolated from a patient. Conclusions A high proportion of Egyptian fruit bats and straw-colored fruit bats were found to be seropositive to PRV in Zambia. Importantly, a new PRV strain (Nachunsulwe-57) was isolated from an Egyptian fruit bat in Zambia, which had relatively weak pathogenicity in mice. Taken together, our findings provide new epidemiological insights about PRV infection in bats and indicate the first isolation of an PRV strain that may have low pathogenicity to humans. Pteropine orthoreovirus (PRV) is a causative agent of acute respiratory illness in humans in tropical and sub-tropical regions in Southeast Asia. PRVs have been originally isolated from fruit bats, and it is assumed that PRVs spread to humans by both bat-to-human and human-to-human transmission. Recently, an PRV was also detected from a fruit bat in the Afrotropical region and might potentially cause an emerging infection of the bat-borne zoonotic virus in Africa. However, little is known about the prevalence of PRV infection in Africa. In this study, we demonstrated the high prevalence of PRV infection in bat populations in Zambia and isolated a new strain of PRV from Egyptian fruit bats. In addition, we found that the bat-derived PRV strain had lower pathogenicity in mice than a human-derived PRV strain isolated from a patient in Southeast Asia. Our findings provide new epidemiological information about PRV in fruit bats in the Afrotropical region and indicate the first isolation of an PRV strain that may cause attenuated infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Harima
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okuya
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Christida E. Wastika
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katendi Changula
- Department of Para-clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Eto
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akina Mori-Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sato
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Drug Discovery & Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Taniguchi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayato Takada
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bernard M. Hang’ombe
- Department of Para-clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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8
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Moreira Marrero L, Botto Nuñez G, Malta L, Delfraro A, Frabasile S. Ecological and Conservation Significance of Herpesvirus Infection in Neotropical Bats. ECOHEALTH 2021; 18:123-133. [PMID: 34184171 PMCID: PMC8238035 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-021-01530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bats are the second most diverse order of mammals and key species for ecosystem functioning, providing a wide range of ecosystem services, from pest control to seed dispersal. Chiropterans are known for hosting a large diversity of viruses, in some cases with little or no effect to their health. Here, we report on the results of a screening for DNA (Herpesviridae) and RNA viruses (Rhabdovirus and Pneumovirus), finding a high prevalence and wide diversity of both Beta- and Gamma-Herpesvirus in insectivorous and hematophagous bats of the southern cone of South America. Our findings suggest that bats in the southern neotropics harbor a high diversity of herpesviruses and, at least in some cases, the viral community in the bat species is more strongly associated with ecological traits of the hosts, rather than their taxonomy. The presence of a separate clade into the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily in the common vampire bat suggests the independent circulation of herpesviruses in hematophagous and insectivorous bats and highlights the properness of these viruses to track vampire bats' population structure for rabies studies. Hence, we suggest that as other pathogens viruses may be used to track the population dynamics of their hosts, including movement and demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Moreira Marrero
- Sección Virología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Programa Para La Conservación de Los Murciélagos de Uruguay, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Germán Botto Nuñez
- Programa Para La Conservación de Los Murciélagos de Uruguay, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, USA
| | - Lucía Malta
- Sección Virología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriana Delfraro
- Sección Virología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Sandra Frabasile
- Sección Virología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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9
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Characterization of a Novel Alphaherpesvirus Isolated from the Fruit Bat Pteropus lylei in Vietnam. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00673-20. [PMID: 32669329 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00673-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses exist in nature within each host animal. Ten herpesviruses have been isolated from bats and their biological properties reported. A novel bat alphaherpesvirus, which we propose to name "Pteropus lylei-associated alphaherpesvirus (PLAHV)," was isolated from urine of the fruit bat Pteropus lylei in Vietnam and characterized. The entire genome sequence was determined to be 144,008 bp in length and predicted to include 72 genes. PLAHV was assigned to genus Simplexvirus with other bat alphaherpesviruses isolated from pteropodid bats in Southeast Asia and Africa. The replication capacity of PLAHV in several cells was evaluated in comparison with that of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). PLAHV replicated better in the bat-originated cell line and less in human embryonic lung fibroblasts than HSV-1 did. PLAHV was serologically related to another bat alphaherpesvirus, Pteropodid alphaherpesvirus 1 (PtAHV1), isolated from a Pteropus hypomelanus-related bat captured in Indonesia, but not with HSV-1. PLAHV caused lethal infection in mice. PLAHV was as susceptible to acyclovir as HSV-1 was. Characterization of this new member of bat alphaherpesviruses, PLAHV, expands the knowledge on bat-associated alphaherpesvirology.IMPORTANCE A novel bat alphaherpesvirus, Pteropus lylei-associated alphaherpesvirus (PLAHV), was isolated from urine of the fruit bat Pteropus lylei in Vietnam. The whole-genome sequence was determined and was predicted to include 72 open reading frames in the 144,008-bp genome. PLAHV is circulating in a species of fruit bats, Pteropus lylei, in Asia. This study expands the knowledge on bat-associated alphaherpesvirology.
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10
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Kolb AW, Brandt CR. Genomic nucleotide-based distance analysis for delimiting old world monkey derived herpes simplex virus species. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:436. [PMID: 32590937 PMCID: PMC7318535 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06847-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex viruses form a genus within the alphaherpesvirus subfamily, with three identified viral species isolated from Old World monkeys (OWM); Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (McHV-1; herpes B), Cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 2 (SA8), and Papiine alphaherpesvirus 2 (PaHV-2; herpes papio). Herpes B is endemic to macaques, while PaHV-2 and SA8 appear endemic to baboons. All three viruses are genetically and antigenically similar, with SA8 and PaHV-2 thought to be avirulent in humans, while herpes B is a biosafety level 4 pathogen. Recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has resulted in an increased number of published OWM herpes simplex genomes, allowing an encompassing phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS In this study, phylogenetic networks, in conjunction with a genome-based genetic distance cutoff method were used to examine 27 OWM monkey herpes simplex isolates. Genome-based genetic distances were calculated, resulting in distances between lion and pig-tailed simplex viruses themselves, and versus herpes B core strains that were higher than those between PaHV-2 and SA8 (approximately 14 and 10% respectively). The species distance cutoff was determined to be 8.94%, with the method recovering separate species status for PaHV-2 and SA8 and showed that lion and pig-tailed simplex viruses (vs core herpes B strains) were well over the distance species cutoff. CONCLUSIONS We propose designating lion and pig-tailed simplex viruses as separate, individual viral species, and that this may be the first identification of viral cryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W Kolb
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 550 Bardeen Laboratories, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Curtis R Brandt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 550 Bardeen Laboratories, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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11
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Cameron K, Hayes B, Olson SH, Smith BR, Pante J, Laudisoit A, Goldstein T, Joly DO, Bagamboula MPassi R, Lange CE. Detection of first gammaherpesvirus sequences in Central African bats. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 36:100705. [PMID: 32612842 PMCID: PMC7322348 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses have been identified in many species; however, relatively few bat herpesvirus are known, considering the enormous diversity of bats. We used consensus PCR to test bats from the Republic of the Congo and found DNA of two different novel bat herpesviruses. One was detected in a Pipistrellus nanulus, the other in a Triaenops persicus bat and both resemble gammaherpesviruses. On the amino acid level, the amplified sequences differ by 55% from each other, and by 27% and 25% from the next closest known viruses. The findings point towards the diversity of herpesviruses in Central African bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Cameron
- Wildlife Conversation Society, Bronx, NY, USA.,United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Bailey's Crossroads, VA, USA
| | - B Hayes
- Monadh, Inveruglas, Kingussie, UK
| | - S H Olson
- Wildlife Conversation Society, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - B R Smith
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J Pante
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - T Goldstein
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - D O Joly
- Wildlife Conversation Society, Bronx, NY, USA.,British Columbia Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy, Victoria, BC, Canada
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12
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James S, Donato D, de Thoisy B, Lavergne A, Lacoste V. Novel herpesviruses in neotropical bats and their relationship with other members of the Herpesviridae family. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 84:104367. [PMID: 32450245 PMCID: PMC7244429 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, a large number of studies have detected herpesvirus sequences from many bat species around the world. Nevertheless, the discovery of bat herpesviruses is geographically uneven. Of the various bat species tested to date, only a few were from the New World. Seeking to investigate the distribution and diversity of herpesviruses circulating in neotropical bats, we carried out molecular screening of 195 blood DNA samples from 11 species of three bat families (Phyllostomidae, Mormoopidae, and Molossidae). Using polymerase chain reaction amplification, with degenerate consensus primers targeting highly conserved amino acid motifs of the herpesvirus DNA polymerase and Glycoprotein B genes, we characterized novel viral sequences from all tested species. BLAST searches, pairwise nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparisons, as well as phylogenetic analyses confirmed that they all belonged to the Herpesviridae family, of the Beta- and Gammaherpesvirinae subfamilies. Fourteen partial DNA polymerase gene sequences, of which three beta- and 11 gamma-herpesviruses, were detected. A total of 12 partial Glycoprotein B gene sequences, all gamma-herpesviruses, were characterized. Every sequence was specific to a bat species and in some species (Desmodus rotundus, Carollia perspicillata, and Pteronotus rubiginosus) multiple viruses were found. Phylogenetic analyses of beta- and gammaherpesvirus sequences led to the identification of bat-specific clades. Those composed of sequences obtained from different bat species belonging to distinct subfamilies follow the taxonomy of bats. This study confirms the astonishing diversity of bat herpesviruses and broadens our knowledge of their host range. Nevertheless, it also emphasizes the fact that, to better appreciate the evolutionary history of these viruses, much remains to be done at various taxonomic levels. Molecular screening was carried out on 11 bat species from French Guiana and Martinique (French West Indies). Partial DNA polymerase gene sequences of 14 viruses were characterized as well as 12 Glycoprotein B sequences. Genetic characterization of these sequences reveals a high degree of genetic divergence. Phylogenetically, most of the newly discovered sequences fall within bat-specific clades well correlated with the taxonomy of their hosts. This study is the largest conducted to date in terms of species diversity from the New World.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha James
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de la Guyane, Ecole doctorale 587 "Diversités, Santé et Développement en Amazonie", Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Damien Donato
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Benoît de Thoisy
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de la Guyane, Ecole doctorale 587 "Diversités, Santé et Développement en Amazonie", Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Anne Lavergne
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de la Guyane, Ecole doctorale 587 "Diversités, Santé et Développement en Amazonie", Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Vincent Lacoste
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de la Guyane, Ecole doctorale 587 "Diversités, Santé et Développement en Amazonie", Cayenne, French Guiana; Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Institut Pasteur, Lyon, France.
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13
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Žlabravec Z, Krapež U, Slavec B, Vrezec A, Rojs OZ, Račnik J. Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Herpesviruses Detected in Wild Owls in Slovenia. Avian Dis 2019; 62:397-403. [PMID: 31119924 DOI: 10.1637/11899-051418-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Herpesvirus (HV) was detected using PCR in the organs of eight of 55 wild owls (14.5%) from seven species that were found dead in various locations in Slovenia between 1995 and 2015. HV was detected in three species: the Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo), Ural owl (Strix uralensis), and long-eared owl (Asio otus). Phylogenetic analysis of partial DNA polymerase gene nucleotide sequences showed that the detected HVs are similar to the avian and mammal alphaherpesviruses. Two sequences were very similar to known bird HV sequences. One sequence was identical to the columbid herpesvirus 1 (CoHV1) sequence, and the other was very similar to the gallid herpesvirus 2 (GaHV2) sequence. The phylogenetic tree revealed a lower similarity of the other six analyzed Slovenian sequences with the sequences of alphaherpesviruses of birds and mammals. This is the first study to report the detection of different HVs in owls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Žlabravec
- Institute for Poultry, Birds, Small Mammals, and Reptiles, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Krapež
- Institute for Poultry, Birds, Small Mammals, and Reptiles, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Brigita Slavec
- Institute for Poultry, Birds, Small Mammals, and Reptiles, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Al Vrezec
- National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Slovenian Museum of Natural History, Prešernova 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Olga Zorman Rojs
- Institute for Poultry, Birds, Small Mammals, and Reptiles, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jožko Račnik
- Institute for Poultry, Birds, Small Mammals, and Reptiles, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia,
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14
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Hanadhita D, Rahma A, Prawira AY, Mayasari NLPI, Satyaningtijas AS, Hondo E, Agungpriyono S. The spleen morphophysiology of fruit bats. Anat Histol Embryol 2019; 48:315-324. [PMID: 30968443 PMCID: PMC7159459 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spleen is one of the important lymphoid organs with wide variations of morphological and physiological functions according to species. Morphology and function of the spleen in bats, which are hosts to several viral strains without exhibiting clinical symptoms, remain to be fully elucidated. This study aims to examine the spleen morphology of fruit bats associated with their physiological functions. Spleen histological observations were performed in three fruit bats species: Cynopterus titthaecheilus (n = 9), Rousettus leschenaultii (n = 3) and Pteropus vampyrus (n = 3). The spleens of these fruit bats were surrounded by a thin capsule. Red pulp consisted of splenic cord and wide vascular space filled with blood. Ellipsoids in all three studied species were found numerously and adjacent to one another forming macrophages aggregates. White pulp consisted of periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS), lymphoid follicles and marginal zone. The lymphoid follicle contained a germinal centre and a tingible body macrophage that might reflect an active immune system. The marginal zone was prominent and well developed. This study reports some differences in spleen structure of fruit bats compared to other bat species previously reported and discusses possible physiological implications of the spleen based on its morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desrayni Hanadhita
- Department of Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBogor Agricultural University (IPB)BogorIndonesia
| | - Anisa Rahma
- Department of Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBogor Agricultural University (IPB)BogorIndonesia
| | - Andhika Yudha Prawira
- Department of Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBogor Agricultural University (IPB)BogorIndonesia
| | - Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari
- Department of Animal Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBogor Agricultural University (IPB)BogorIndonesia
| | - Aryani Sismin Satyaningtijas
- Department of Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBogor Agricultural University (IPB)BogorIndonesia
| | - Eiichi Hondo
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural SciencesNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Srihadi Agungpriyono
- Department of Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBogor Agricultural University (IPB)BogorIndonesia
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15
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Schuh AJ, Amman BR, Sealy TS, Flietstra TD, Guito JC, Nichol ST, Towner JS. Comparative analysis of serologic cross-reactivity using convalescent sera from filovirus-experimentally infected fruit bats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6707. [PMID: 31040343 PMCID: PMC6491471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With the exception of Reston and Bombali viruses, the marburgviruses and ebolaviruses (family Filoviridae) cause outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic fever in sub-Saharan Africa. The Egyptian rousette bat (ERB) is a natural reservoir host for the marburgviruses and evidence suggests that bats are also natural reservoirs for the ebolaviruses. Although the search for the natural reservoirs of the ebolaviruses has largely involved serosurveillance of the bat population, there are no validated serological assays to screen bat sera for ebolavirus-specific IgG antibodies. Here, we generate filovirus-specific antisera by prime-boost immunization of groups of captive ERBs with all seven known culturable filoviruses. After validating a system of filovirus-specific indirect ELISAs utilizing infectious-based virus antigens for detection of virus-specific IgG antibodies from bat sera, we assess the level of serological cross-reactivity between the virus-specific antisera and heterologous filovirus antigens. This data is then used to generate a filovirus antibody fingerprint that can predict which of the filovirus species in the system is most antigenically similar to the species responsible for past infection. Our filovirus IgG indirect ELISA system will be a critical tool for identifying bat species with high ebolavirus seroprevalence rates to target for longitudinal studies aimed at establishing natural reservoir host-ebolavirus relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Schuh
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,Commissioned Corps, United States Public Health Service, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Brian R Amman
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Tara S Sealy
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Timothy D Flietstra
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Jonathan C Guito
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Jonathan S Towner
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA. .,Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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16
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Wada Y, Sasaki M, Setiyono A, Handharyani E, Rahmadani I, Taha S, Adiani S, Latief M, Kholilullah ZA, Subangkit M, Kobayashi S, Nakamura I, Kimura T, Orba Y, Sawa H. Detection of novel gammaherpesviruses from fruit bats in Indonesia. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:415-422. [PMID: 29458559 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are an important natural reservoir of zoonotic viral pathogens. We previously isolated an alphaherpesvirus in fruit bats in Indonesia, and here establish the presence of viruses belonging to other taxa of the family Herpesviridae. We screened the same fruit bat population with pan-herpesvirus PCR and discovered 68 sequences of novel gammaherpesvirus, designated 'megabat gammaherpesvirus' (MgGHV). A phylogenetic analysis of approximately 3.4 kbp of continuous MgGHV sequences encompassing the glycoprotein B gene and DNA polymerase gene revealed that the MgGHV sequences are distinct from those of other reported gammaherpesviruses. Further analysis suggested the existence of co-infections of herpesviruses in Indonesian fruit bats. Our findings extend our understanding of the infectious cycles of herpesviruses in bats in Indonesia and the phylogenetic diversity of the gammaherpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Wada
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Agus Setiyono
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ekowati Handharyani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ibenu Rahmadani
- Veterinary Investigation and Diagnostic Center, Bukittinggi, Indonesia
| | - Siswatiana Taha
- Faculty of Agriculture, Gorontalo State University, Gorontalo, Indonesia
| | - Sri Adiani
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Munira Latief
- Office of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Soppeng, Indonesia
| | | | - Mawar Subangkit
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Shintaro Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Present address: Laboratory of Public Health, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakamura
- Unit of International Cooperation, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Present address: Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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17
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[Discovery of DNA viruses in wildlife in Zambia and Indonesia]. Uirusu 2017; 67:151-160. [PMID: 30369539 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.67.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Zoonoses originate from pathogens harbored in domestic and wild animals and therefore it is likely impossible to completely eradicate zoonotic diseases. For pre-emptive measures to attempt to predict the emergence of zoonosis outbreaks and the prevention of future epidemics and pandemics, it is imperative to identify natural host animals carrying potential pathogens and elucidate the routes of pathogen transmission into the human population. Our research team is conducting epidemiological research studies in Zambia and Indonesia for the control of viral zoonotic diseases. In this review, we present the research findings, including the discovery of orthopoxviruses and polyomaviruses in wildlife in Zambia and the identification of herpesviruses in bats in Indonesia among our activities.
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18
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Pozo F, Juste J, Vázquez-Morón S, Aznar-López C, Ibáñez C, Garin I, Aihartza J, Casas I, Tenorio A, Echevarría JE. Identification of Novel Betaherpesviruses in Iberian Bats Reveals Parallel Evolution. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0169153. [PMID: 28036408 PMCID: PMC5201282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A thorough search for bat herpesviruses was carried out in oropharyngeal samples taken from most of the bat species present in the Iberian Peninsula from the Vespertilionidae, Miniopteridae, Molossidae and Rhinolophidae families, in addition to a colony of captive fruit bats from the Pteropodidae family. By using two degenerate consensus PCR methods targeting two conserved genes, distinct and previously unrecognized bat-hosted herpesviruses were identified for the most of the tested species. All together a total of 42 potentially novel bat herpesviruses were partially characterized. Thirty-two of them were tentatively assigned to the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily while the remaining 10 were allocated into the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily. Significant diversity was observed among the novel sequences when compared with type herpesvirus species of the ICTV-approved genera. The inferred phylogenetic relationships showed that most of the betaherpesviruses sequences fell into a well-supported unique monophyletic clade and support the recognition of a new betaherpesvirus genus. This clade is subdivided into three major clades, corresponding to the families of bats studied. This supports the hypothesis of a species-specific parallel evolution process between the potentially new betaherpesviruses and their bat hosts. Interestingly, two of the betaherpesviruses’ sequences detected in rhinolophid bats clustered together apart from the rest, closely related to viruses that belong to the Roseolovirus genus. This suggests a putative third roseolo lineage. On the contrary, no phylogenetic structure was detected among several potentially novel bat-hosted gammaherpesviruses found in the study. Remarkably, all of the possible novel bat herpesviruses described in this study are linked to a unique bat species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pozo
- Virology Section, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Juste
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Sonia Vázquez-Morón
- Virology Section, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biológica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Aznar-López
- Virology Section, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biológica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Inazio Garin
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, The Basque Country, Spain
| | - Joxerra Aihartza
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, The Basque Country, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- Virology Section, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Tenorio
- Virology Section, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Emilio Echevarría
- Virology Section, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biológica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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19
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Bats, Primates, and the Evolutionary Origins and Diversification of Mammalian Gammaherpesviruses. mBio 2016; 7:mBio.01425-16. [PMID: 27834200 PMCID: PMC5101351 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01425-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gammaherpesviruses (γHVs) are generally considered host specific and to have codiverged with their hosts over millions of years. This tenet is challenged here by broad-scale phylogenetic analysis of two viral genes using the largest sample of mammalian γHVs to date, integrating for the first time bat γHV sequences available from public repositories and newly generated viral sequences from two vampire bat species (Desmodus rotundus and Diphylla ecaudata). Bat and primate viruses frequently represented deep branches within the supported phylogenies and clustered among viruses from distantly related mammalian taxa. Following evolutionary scenario testing, we determined the number of host-switching and cospeciation events. Cross-species transmissions have occurred much more frequently than previously estimated, and most of the transmissions were attributable to bats and primates. We conclude that the evolution of the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily has been driven by both cross-species transmissions and subsequent cospeciation within specific viral lineages and that the bat and primate orders may have potentially acted as superspreaders to other mammalian taxa throughout evolutionary history. It has long been believed that herpesviruses have coevolved with their hosts and are species specific. Nevertheless, a global evolutionary analysis of bat viruses in the context of other mammalian viruses, which could put this widely accepted view to the test, had not been undertaken until now. We present two main findings that may challenge the current view of γHV evolution: multiple host-switching events were observed at a higher rate than previously appreciated, and bats and primates harbor a large diversity of γHVs which may have led to increased cross-species transmissions from these taxa to other mammals.
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20
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Abstract
Bats are hosts of a range of viruses, including ebolaviruses, and many important human viral infections, such as measles and mumps, may have their ancestry traced back to bats. Here, I review viruses of all viral families detected in global bat populations. The viral diversity in bats is substantial, and viruses with all known types of genomic structures and replication strategies have been discovered in bats. However, the discovery of viruses is not geographically even, with some apparently undersampled regions, such as South America. Furthermore, some bat families, including those with global or wide distributions such as Emballonuridae and Miniopteridae, are underrepresented on viral databases. Future studies, including those that address these sampling gaps along with those that develop our understanding of viral-host relationships, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T S Hayman
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
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21
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Divergent bufavirus harboured in megabats represents a new lineage of parvoviruses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24257. [PMID: 27113297 PMCID: PMC4845017 DOI: 10.1038/srep24257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bufavirus is a recently recognized member of the genus Protoparvovirus in the subfamily Parvovirinae. It has been reported that human bufavirus was detected predominantly in patients with diarrhoea in several countries. However, little is known about bufavirus or its close relatives in nonhuman mammals. In this study, we performed nested-PCR screening and identified bufavirus from 12 megabats of Pteropus spp. in Indonesia. Furthermore, we determined nearly the full genome sequence of a novel megabat-borne bufavirus, tentatively named megabat bufavirus 1. Phylogenetic analyses showed that megabat bufavirus 1 clustered with known protoparvoviruses, including human bufavirus but represented a distinct lineage of bufavirus. Our analyses also inferred phylogenetic relationships among animal-borne bufaviruses recently reported by other studies. Recombination analyses suggested that the most common recent ancestor of megabat bufavirus 1 might have arisen from multiple genetic recombination events. These results characterized megabat bufavirus 1 as the first protoparvovirus discovered from megabats and indicates the high genetic divergence of bufavirus.
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22
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Leopardi S, Oluwayelu D, Meseko C, Marciano S, Tassoni L, Bakarey S, Monne I, Cattoli G, De Benedictis P. The close genetic relationship of lineage D Betacoronavirus from Nigerian and Kenyan straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) is consistent with the existence of a single epidemiological unit across sub-Saharan Africa. Virus Genes 2016; 52:573-7. [PMID: 27059240 PMCID: PMC7089189 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum), which have been identified as natural hosts for several zoonotic pathogens, such as lyssaviruses, henipaviruses, and ebolavirus, are associated with human settlements in Nigeria where they are commonly consumed as a delicacy. However, information on the viruses harbored by these bats is scarce. In this study, coronavirus sequences were detected using a nested RT-PCR targeting 440 bp of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) in six of 79 fecal samples collected from an urban colony of E. helvum in Ibadan, Nigeria. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all six sequences were monophyletic and clustered in lineage D of Betacoronavirus. The extension of two fragments allowed us to classify our sequences within the RdRp Group Unit defined for Kenyan Betacoronavirus from the same host species. These findings are consistent with the previous suggestion on the existence of a single epidemiological unit of E. helvum across sub-Saharan Africa. This theory, which is supported by the genetic structure of continental E. helvum, could facilitate viral mixing between different colonies across the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Leopardi
- National Reference Centre and OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Animal-Human Interface, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Universita` 10, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniel Oluwayelu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Clement Meseko
- Virology Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Sabrina Marciano
- National Reference Centre and OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Animal-Human Interface, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Universita` 10, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Tassoni
- National Reference Centre and OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Animal-Human Interface, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Universita` 10, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Solomon Bakarey
- Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Isabella Monne
- National Reference Centre and OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Animal-Human Interface, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Universita` 10, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cattoli
- National Reference Centre and OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Animal-Human Interface, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Universita` 10, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Paola De Benedictis
- National Reference Centre and OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Animal-Human Interface, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Universita` 10, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
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23
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Vaz PK, Mahony TJ, Hartley CA, Fowler EV, Ficorilli N, Lee SW, Gilkerson JR, Browning GF, Devlin JM. The first genome sequence of a metatherian herpesvirus: Macropodid herpesvirus 1. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:70. [PMID: 26800886 PMCID: PMC4724163 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While many placental herpesvirus genomes have been fully sequenced, the complete genome of a marsupial herpesvirus has not been described. Here we present the first genome sequence of a metatherian herpesvirus, Macropodid herpesvirus 1 (MaHV-1). Results The MaHV-1 viral genome was sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq sequencer, de novo assembly was performed and the genome was annotated. The MaHV-1 genome was 140 kbp in length and clustered phylogenetically with the primate simplexviruses, sharing 67 % nucleotide sequence identity with Human herpesviruses 1 and 2. The MaHV-1 genome contained 66 predicted open reading frames (ORFs) homologous to those in other herpesvirus genomes, but lacked homologues of UL3, UL4, UL56 and glycoprotein J. This is the first alphaherpesvirus genome that has been found to lack the UL3 and UL4 homologues. We identified six novel ORFs and confirmed their transcription by RT-PCR. Conclusions This is the first genome sequence of a herpesvirus that infects metatherians, a taxonomically unique mammalian clade. Members of the Simplexvirus genus are remarkably conserved, so the absence of ORFs otherwise retained in eutherian and avian alphaherpesviruses contributes to our understanding of the Alphaherpesvirinae. Further study of metatherian herpesvirus genetics and pathogenesis provides a unique approach to understanding herpesvirus-mammalian interactions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2390-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola K Vaz
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Building 400, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia.
| | - Timothy J Mahony
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, Ritchie Building (64A), St Lucia, 4072, QLD, Australia.
| | - Carol A Hartley
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Building 400, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth V Fowler
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Animal Science, St Lucia, 4072, QLD, Australia.
| | - Nino Ficorilli
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Building 400, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sang W Lee
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Building 400, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - James R Gilkerson
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Building 400, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia.
| | - Glenn F Browning
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Building 400, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia.
| | - Joanne M Devlin
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Building 400, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia.
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24
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Zheng XY, Qiu M, Chen SW, Xiao JP, Ma LZ, Liu S, Zhou JH, Zhang QH, Li X, Chen Z, Wu Y, Chen HF, Jiang LN, Xiong YQ, Ma SJ, Zhong XS, Huo ST, Ge J, Cen SW, Chen Q. High prevalence and diversity of viruses of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae, in fecal specimens from bats of different species in southern China. Arch Virol 2015; 161:135-40. [PMID: 26446885 PMCID: PMC7086982 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported the detection of herpesviruses (HVs) in bats. However, the prevalence and phylogenetic characteristics of HVs in bats are still poorly understood. To elucidate the epidemiological characteristics of bat HVs in southern China, 520 fecal samples from eight bat species were collected in four geographic regions of southern China. Of these samples, 73 (14.0 %) tested positive for HVs using nested polymerase chain reaction assay. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of molecular diversity of HVs in bats of different species from different geographic regions. Our study provides evidence for co-evolution of bats and HVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-yan Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-peng Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-zhen Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-hua Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong-hua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- College of Life Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hui-fang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-na Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-quan Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-juan Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-shan Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-ting Huo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Ge
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-wen Cen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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25
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Brook CE, Dobson AP. Bats as 'special' reservoirs for emerging zoonotic pathogens. Trends Microbiol 2015; 23:172-80. [PMID: 25572882 PMCID: PMC7126622 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing West African Ebola epidemic highlights a recurring trend in the zoonotic emergence of virulent pathogens likely to come from bat reservoirs that has caused epidemiologists to ask 'Are bats special reservoirs for emerging zoonotic pathogens?' We collate evidence from the past decade to delineate mitochondrial mechanisms of bat physiology that have evolved to mitigate oxidative stress incurred during metabolically costly activities such as flight. We further describe how such mechanisms might have generated pleiotropic effects responsible for tumor mitigation and pathogen control in bat hosts. These synergisms may enable 'special' tolerance of intracellular pathogens in bat hosts; paradoxically, this may leave them more susceptible to immunopathological morbidity when attempting to clear extracellular infections such as 'white-nose syndrome' (WNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara E Brook
- Princeton University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 105 Guyot Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Andrew P Dobson
- Princeton University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 105 Guyot Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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