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Han Z, Wang S, Mu T, Zhao P, Song L, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Yin W, Wu Y, Wang H, Gong B, Ji M, Roden RBS, Yang Y, Klein M, Wu K. Vaccination with a Human Papillomavirus L2 Multimer Provides Broad Protection against 17 Human Papillomavirus Types in the Mouse Cervicovaginal Challenge Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:689. [PMID: 38932417 PMCID: PMC11209485 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent cause of mucosal and cutaneous infections and underlying conditions ranging from benign warts to anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers affecting both males and females, notably cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths among women globally and is the most impactful in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the costs of screening and licensed L1-based HPV vaccines pose significant barriers to comprehensive administration. Additionally, the licensed L1-based HPV vaccines fail to protect against all oncogenic HPV types. This study generated three independent lots of an L2-based target antigen (LBTA), which was engineered from conserved linear L2-protective epitopes (aa11-88) from five human alphapapillomavirus genotypes in E. coli under cGMP conditions and adjuvanted with aluminum phosphate. Vaccination of rabbits with LBTA generated high neutralizing antibody titers against all 17 HPV types tested, surpassing the nine types covered by Gardasil®9. Passive transfer of naïve mice with LBTA antiserum revealed its capacity to confer protection against vaginal challenge with all 17 αHPV types tested. LBTA shows stability at room temperature over >1 month. Standard in vitro and in vivo toxicology studies suggest a promising safety profile. These findings suggest LBTA's promise as a next-generation vaccine with comprehensive coverage aimed at reducing the economic and healthcare burden of cervical and other HPV+ cancers in LMICs, and it has received regulatory approval for a first-in-human clinical study (NCT05672966).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Han
- Project Management Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Shen Wang
- Regulatory and Medical Affairs Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China; (S.W.); (L.S.); (B.G.); (M.J.)
| | - Ting Mu
- Innovative Discovery Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Ping Zhao
- Test Development Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China; (P.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Lingli Song
- Regulatory and Medical Affairs Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China; (S.W.); (L.S.); (B.G.); (M.J.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- Innovative Discovery Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Jin Zhao
- Test Development Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China; (P.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Wen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Yue Wu
- Test Development Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China; (P.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Huan Wang
- Innovative Discovery Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Bo Gong
- Regulatory and Medical Affairs Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China; (S.W.); (L.S.); (B.G.); (M.J.)
| | - Min Ji
- Regulatory and Medical Affairs Department, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China; (S.W.); (L.S.); (B.G.); (M.J.)
| | - Richard B. S. Roden
- Departments of Pathology, Oncology and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yanping Yang
- Executive Office, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China;
- Executive Office, Shanghai BravoBio Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Michel Klein
- Executive Office, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China;
- Executive Office, Shanghai BravoBio Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Executive Office, Wuhan BravoVax Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China;
- Executive Office, Shanghai BravoBio Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200000, China
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2
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Bagdonaite I, Abdurahman S, Mirandola M, Pasqual D, Frank M, Narimatsu Y, Joshi HJ, Vakhrushev SY, Salata C, Mirazimi A, Wandall HH. Targeting host O-linked glycan biosynthesis affects Ebola virus replication efficiency and reveals differential GalNAc-T acceptor site preferences on the Ebola virus glycoprotein. J Virol 2024; 98:e0052424. [PMID: 38757972 PMCID: PMC11237518 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00524-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV GP) is one of the most heavily O-glycosylated viral glycoproteins, yet we still lack a fundamental understanding of the structure of its large O-glycosylated mucin-like domain and to what degree the host O-glycosylation capacity influences EBOV replication. Using tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 47 O-glycosites on EBOV GP and found similar glycosylation signatures on virus-like particle- and cell lysate-derived GP. Furthermore, we performed quantitative differential O-glycoproteomics on proteins produced in wild-type HEK293 cells and cell lines ablated for the three key initiators of O-linked glycosylation, GalNAc-T1, -T2, and -T3. The data show that 12 out of the 47 O-glycosylated sites were regulated, predominantly by GalNAc-T1. Using the glycoengineered cell lines for authentic EBOV propagation, we demonstrate the importance of O-linked glycan initiation and elongation for the production of viral particles and the titers of progeny virus. The mapped O-glycan positions and structures allowed to generate molecular dynamics simulations probing the largely unknown spatial arrangements of the mucin-like domain. The data highlight targeting GALNT1 or C1GALT1C1 as a possible way to modulate O-glycan density on EBOV GP for novel vaccine designs and tailored intervention approaches.IMPORTANCEEbola virus glycoprotein acquires its extensive glycan shield in the host cell, where it is decorated with N-linked glycans and mucin-type O-linked glycans. The latter is initiated by a family of polypeptide GalNAc-transferases that have different preferences for optimal peptide substrates resulting in a spectrum of both very selective and redundant substrates for each isoform. In this work, we map the exact locations of O-glycans on Ebola virus glycoprotein and identify subsets of sites preferentially initiated by one of the three key isoforms of GalNAc-Ts, demonstrating that each enzyme contributes to the glycan shield integrity. We further show that altering host O-glycosylation capacity has detrimental effects on Ebola virus replication, with both isoform-specific initiation and elongation playing a role. The combined structural and functional data highlight glycoengineered cell lines as useful tools for investigating molecular mechanisms imposed by specific glycans and for steering the immune responses in future vaccine designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Bagdonaite
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mattia Mirandola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Denis Pasqual
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hiren J Joshi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cristiano Salata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Damodaran A, Zachariah SM, Nair SC. Novel therapeutic approaches for the management of hepatitis infections. Ther Deliv 2024; 15:211-232. [PMID: 38410933 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) & hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a substantial reason for morbidity and mortality around the world. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is connected with an enhanced risk of liver cirrhosis, liver decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Conventional therapy do face certain challenges, for example, poor tolerability and the growth of active resistance. Thus, novel treatment procedures are essential to accomplish the initiation of strong and stable antiviral immune reactions of the individuals. This review explores the current nanotechnology-based carriers for drug and vaccine delivery to treat HBV and HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Damodaran
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Subin Mary Zachariah
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Sreeja Chandrasekharan Nair
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
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4
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Halfmann PJ, Borisevich V, Levine CB, Mire CE, Fenton KA, Geisbert TW, Kawaoka Y, Cross RW. The Mucin-Like Domain of the Ebola Glycoprotein Does Not Impact Virulence or Pathogenicity in Ferrets. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S587-S593. [PMID: 37379580 PMCID: PMC10651202 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ebola virus (EBOV) is considered among the most dangerous viruses with case fatality rates approaching 90% depending on the outbreak. While several viral proteins (VPs) including VP24, VP35, and the soluble glycoprotein are understood to contribute to virulence, less is known of the contribution of the highly variable mucin-like domain (MLD) of EBOV. Early studies have defined a potential role in immune evasion of the MLD by providing a glycan shield to critical glycoprotein residues tied to viral entry. Nonetheless, little is known as to what direct role the MLD plays in acute EBOV disease (EVD). METHODS We generated an infectious EBOV clone that lacks the MLD and assessed its virulence in ferrets compared with wild-type (WT) virus. RESULTS No differences in growth kinetics were observed in vitro, nor were there any differences in time to death, viremia, or clinical picture in ferrets infected with recombinant EBOV (rEBOV)-WT or rEBOV-Δmucin. CONCLUSIONS The EBOV MLD does not play a critical role in acute pathogenesis of EVD in ferrets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Halfmann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Corri B Levine
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Chad E Mire
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Karla A Fenton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo
- Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo
- Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert W Cross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
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5
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Bains A, Guan W, LiWang PJ. The Effect of Select SARS-CoV-2 N-Linked Glycan and Variant of Concern Spike Protein Mutations on C-Type Lectin-Receptor-Mediated Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1901. [PMID: 37766307 PMCID: PMC10535197 DOI: 10.3390/v15091901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virion has shown remarkable resilience, capable of mutating to escape immune detection and re-establishing infectious capabilities despite new vaccine rollouts. Therefore, there is a critical need to identify relatively immutable epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 virion that are resistant to future mutations the virus may accumulate. While hACE2 has been identified as the receptor that mediates SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility, it is only modestly expressed in lung tissue. C-type lectin receptors like DC-SIGN can act as attachment sites to enhance SARS-CoV-2 infection of cells with moderate or low hACE2 expression. We developed an easy-to-implement assay system that allows for the testing of SARS-CoV-2 trans-infection. Using our assay, we assessed how SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1-domain glycans and spike proteins from different strains affected the ability of pseudotyped lentivirions to undergo DC-SIGN-mediated trans-infection. Through our experiments with seven glycan point mutants, two glycan cluster mutants and four strains of SARS-CoV-2 spike, we found that glycans N17 and N122 appear to have significant roles in maintaining COVID-19's infectious capabilities. We further found that the virus cannot retain infectivity upon the loss of multiple glycosylation sites, and that Omicron BA.2 pseudovirions may have an increased ability to bind to other non-lectin receptor proteins on the surface of cells. Taken together, our work opens the door to the development of new therapeutics that can target overlooked epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 virion to prevent C-type lectin-receptor-mediated trans-infection in lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan Bains
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Merced, 5200 North Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343, USA;
| | - Wenyan Guan
- Materials and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, University of California Merced, 5200 North Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343, USA;
| | - Patricia J. LiWang
- Molecular Cell Biology, Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California Merced, 5200 North Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343, USA
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6
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Sauvageau J, Koyuturk I, St Michael F, Brochu D, Goneau MF, Schoenhofen I, Perret S, Star A, Robotham A, Haqqani A, Kelly J, Gilbert M, Durocher Y. Simplifying glycan monitoring of complex antigens such as the SARS-CoV-2 spike to accelerate vaccine development. Commun Chem 2023; 6:189. [PMID: 37684364 PMCID: PMC10491790 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a key quality attribute that must be closely monitored for protein therapeutics. Established assays such as HILIC-Fld of released glycans and LC-MS of glycopeptides work well for glycoproteins with a few glycosylation sites but are less amenable for those with multiple glycosylation sites, resulting in complex datasets that are time consuming to generate and difficult to analyze. As part of efforts to improve preparedness for future pandemics, researchers are currently assessing where time can be saved in the vaccine development and production process. In this context, we evaluated if neutral and acidic monosaccharides analysis via HPAEC-PAD could be used as a rapid and robust alternative to LC-MS and HILIC-Fld for monitoring glycosylation between protein production batches. Using glycoengineered spike proteins we show that the HPAEC-PAD monosaccharide assays could quickly and reproducibly detect both major and minor glycosylation differences between batches. Moreover, the monosaccharide results aligned well with those obtained by HILIC-Fld and LC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Sauvageau
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Izel Koyuturk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Frank St Michael
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Denis Brochu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Marie-France Goneau
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Ian Schoenhofen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Sylvie Perret
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Alexandra Star
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Anna Robotham
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Arsalan Haqqani
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - John Kelly
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Michel Gilbert
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
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7
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Ikram A, Alzahrani B, Zaheer T, Sattar S, Rasheed S, Aurangzeb M, Ishaq Y. An In Silico Deep Learning Approach to Multi-Epitope Vaccine Design: A Hepatitis E Virus Case Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030710. [PMID: 36992295 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis. The severity of HEV infection increases manyfold in pregnant women and immunocompromised patients. Despite the extensive research on HEV in the last few decades, there is no widely available vaccine yet. In the current study, immunoinformatic analyses were applied to predict a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against HEV. From the ORF2 region, 41 conserved and immunogenic epitopes were prioritized. These epitopes were further analyzed for their probable antigenic and non-allergenic combinations with several linkers. The stability of the vaccine construct was confirmed by molecular dynamic simulations. The vaccine construct is potentially antigenic and docking analysis revealed stable interactions with TLR3. These results suggest that the proposed vaccine can efficiently stimulate both cellular and humoral immune responses. However, further studies are needed to determine the immunogenicity of the vaccine construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Ikram
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore (UOL), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Badr Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahreem Zaheer
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sobia Sattar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore (UOL), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Rasheed
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore (UOL), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aurangzeb
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore (UOL), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Yasmeen Ishaq
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore (UOL), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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8
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Srivastava V, Nand KN, Ahmad A, Kumar R. Yeast-Based Virus-like Particles as an Emerging Platform for Vaccine Development and Delivery. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020479. [PMID: 36851356 PMCID: PMC9965603 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are empty, nanoscale structures morphologically resembling viruses. Internal cavity, noninfectious, and particulate nature with a high density of repeating epitopes, make them an ideal platform for vaccine development and drug delivery. Commercial use of Gardasil-9 and Cervarix showed the usefulness of VLPs in vaccine formulation. Further, chimeric VLPs allow the raising of an immune response against different immunogens and thereby can help reduce the generation of medical or clinical waste. The economically viable production of VLPs significantly impacts their usage, application, and availability. To this end, several hosts have been used and tested. The present review will discuss VLPs produced using different yeasts as fermentation hosts. We also compile a list of studies highlighting the expression and purification of VLPs using a yeast-based platform. We also discuss the advantages of using yeast to generate VLPs over other available systems. Further, the issues or limitations of yeasts for producing VLPs are also summarized. The review also compiles a list of yeast-derived VLP-based vaccines that are presently in public use or in different phases of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vartika Srivastava
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Kripa N. Nand
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
- Infection Control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Correspondence:
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9
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Milanesi F, Unione L, Ardá A, Nativi C, Jiménez-Barbero J, Roelens S, Francesconi O. Biomimetic Tweezers for N-Glycans: Selective Recognition of the Core GlcNAc 2 Disaccharide of the Sialylglycopeptide SGP. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203591. [PMID: 36597924 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, glycomics have shown how pervasive the role of carbohydrates in biological systems is and how chemical tools are essential to investigate glycan function and modulate carbohydrate-mediated processes. Biomimetic receptors for carbohydrates can carry out this task but, although significant affinities and selectivities toward simple saccharides have been achieved, targeting complex glycoconjugates remains a goal yet unattained. In this work we report the unprecedented recognition of a complex biantennary sialylglycopeptide (SGP) by a tweezers-shaped biomimetic receptor, which selectively binds to the core GlcNAc2 disaccharide of the N-glycan with an affinity of 170 μM. Because of the simple structure and the remarkable binding ability, this biomimetic receptor can represent a versatile tool for glycoscience, opening the way to useful applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Milanesi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" DICUS and INSTM, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.,Magnetic Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, Via L. Sacconi 6, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Luca Unione
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" DICUS and INSTM, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, II Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, 48940, Leioa, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefano Roelens
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" DICUS and INSTM, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Oscar Francesconi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" DICUS and INSTM, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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10
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Peng W, Rayaprolu V, Parvate AD, Pronker MF, Hui S, Parekh D, Shaffer K, Yu X, Saphire EO, Snijder J. Glycan shield of the ebolavirus envelope glycoprotein GP. Commun Biol 2022; 5:785. [PMID: 35927436 PMCID: PMC9352669 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The envelope glycoprotein GP of the ebolaviruses is essential for host cell entry and the primary target of the host antibody response. GP is heavily glycosylated with up to 17 N-linked sites, numerous O-linked glycans in its disordered mucin-like domain (MLD), and three predicted C-linked mannosylation sites. Glycosylation is important for host cell attachment, GP stability and fusion activity, and shielding from neutralization by serum antibodies. Here, we use glycoproteomics to profile the site-specific glycosylation patterns of ebolavirus GP. We detect up to 16 unique O-linked glycosylation sites in the MLD, and two O-linked sites in the receptor-binding GP1 subunit. Multiple O-linked glycans are observed within N-linked glycosylation sequons, suggesting crosstalk between the two types of modifications. We confirmed C-mannosylation of W288 in full-length trimeric GP. We find complex glycosylation at the majority of N-linked sites, while the conserved sites N257 and especially N563 are enriched in unprocessed glycans, suggesting a role in host-cell attachment via DC-SIGN/L-SIGN. Our findings illustrate how N-, O-, and C-linked glycans together build the heterogeneous glycan shield of GP, guiding future immunological studies and functional interpretation of ebolavirus GP-antibody interactions. Site-specific N-, O-, and C-linked glycans are characterized in the ebolavirus envelope glycoprotein GP using mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Peng
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vamseedhar Rayaprolu
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Pacific Northwest Center for CryoEM, Portland, OR, 97225, USA
| | - Amar D Parvate
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Matti F Pronker
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sean Hui
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Diptiben Parekh
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kelly Shaffer
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Erica O Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA
| | - Joost Snijder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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11
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Analyzing the influence of age and sex in Bothrops pauloensis snake venom. Toxicon 2022; 214:78-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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The development of broad-spectrum antiviral medical countermeasures to treat viral hemorrhagic fevers caused by natural or weaponized virus infections. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010220. [PMID: 35259154 PMCID: PMC8903284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense (JPEO-CBRND) began development of a broad-spectrum antiviral countermeasure against deliberate use of high-consequence viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) in 2016. The effort featured comprehensive preclinical research, including laboratory testing and rapid advancement of lead molecules into nonhuman primate (NHP) models of Ebola virus disease (EVD). Remdesivir (GS-5734, Veklury, Gilead Sciences) was the first small molecule therapeutic to successfully emerge from this effort. Remdesivir is an inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a viral enzyme that is essential for viral replication. Its robust potency and broad-spectrum antiviral activity against certain RNA viruses including Ebola virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to its clinical evaluation in randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) in human patients during the 2018 EVD outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic today. Remdesivir was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of COVID-19 requiring hospitalization. Substantial gaps remain in improving the outcomes of acute viral infections for patients afflicted with both EVD and COVID-19, including how to increase therapeutic breadth and strategies for the prevention and treatment of severe disease. Combination therapy that joins therapeutics with complimentary mechanisms of action appear promising, both preclinically and in RCTs. Importantly, significant programmatic challenges endure pertaining to a clear drug and biological product development pathway for therapeutics targeting biodefense and emerging pathogens when human efficacy studies are not ethical or feasible. For example, remdesivir's clinical development was facilitated by outbreaks of Ebola and SARS-CoV-2; as such, the development pathway employed for remdesivir is likely to be the exception rather than the rule. The current regulatory licensure pathway for therapeutics targeting rare, weaponizable VHF agents is likely to require use of FDA's established Animal Rule (21 CFR 314.600-650 for drugs; 21 CFR 601.90-95 for biologics). The FDA may grant marketing approval based on adequate and well-controlled animal efficacy studies when the results of those studies establish that the drug is safe and likely to produce clinical benefit in humans. In practical terms, this is anticipated to include a series of rigorous, well-documented, animal challenge studies, to include aerosol challenge, combined with human safety data. While small clinical studies against naturally occurring, high-consequence pathogens are typically performed where possible, approval for the therapeutics currently under development against biodefense pathogens will likely require the Animal Rule pathway utilizing studies in NHPs. We review the development of remdesivir as illustrative of the effort that will be needed to field future therapeutics against highly lethal, infectious agents.
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13
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Alameh MG, Weissman D, Pardi N. Messenger RNA-Based Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 440:111-145. [PMID: 32300916 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro-transcribed, messenger RNA-based infectious disease vaccines have the potential to successfully address many of the weaknesses of traditional vaccine platforms, such as the lack of potency and/or durability of vaccine protection, time-consuming, and expensive manufacturing, and, in some cases, safety issues. This optimism is fueled by a great deal of impressive recent data demonstrating that mRNA vaccines have many of the attributes that are necessary for a viable new vaccine class for human use. This review briefly describes mRNA vaccine types, discusses the most relevant and recent publications on infectious disease mRNA vaccines, and highlights the hurdles that need to be overcome to bring this promising novel vaccine modality to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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14
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Bhatia B, Meade-White K, Haddock E, Feldmann F, Marzi A, Feldmann H. A live-attenuated viral vector vaccine protects mice against lethal challenge with Kyasanur Forest disease virus. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:152. [PMID: 34907224 PMCID: PMC8671490 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV) is a tick-borne flavivirus endemic in India known to cause severe hemorrhagic and encephalitic disease in humans. In recent years, KFDV has spread beyond its original endemic zone raising public health concerns. Currently, there is no treatment available for KFDV but a vaccine with limited efficacy is used in India. Here, we generated two new KFDV vaccine candidates based on the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) platform. We chose the VSV-Ebola virus (VSV-EBOV) vector either with the full-length or a truncated EBOV glycoprotein as the vehicle to express the precursor membrane (prM) and envelope (E) proteins of KFDV (VSV-KFDV). For efficacy testing, we established a mouse disease model by comparing KFDV infections in three immunocompetent mouse strains (BALB/c, C57Bl/6, and CD1). Both vaccine vectors provided promising protection against lethal KFDV challenge in the BALB/c model following prime-only prime-boost and immunizations. Only prime-boost immunization with VSV-KFDV expressing full-length EBOV GP resulted in uniform protection. Hyperimmune serum derived from prime-boost immunized mice protected naïve BALB/c mice from lethal KFDV challenge indicating the importance of antibodies for protection. The new VSV-KFDV vectors are promising vaccine candidates to combat an emerging, neglected public health problem in a densely populated part of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Bhatia
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Elaine Haddock
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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15
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Tshiani Mbaya O, Mukumbayi P, Mulangu S. Review: Insights on Current FDA-Approved Monoclonal Antibodies Against Ebola Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:721328. [PMID: 34526994 PMCID: PMC8435780 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.721328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented 2013-2016 West Africa Ebola outbreak accelerated several medical countermeasures (MCMs) against Ebola virus disease (EVD). Several investigational products (IPs) were used throughout the outbreak but were not conclusive for efficacy results. Only the Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) on ZMapp was promising but inconclusive. More recently, during the second-largest Ebola outbreak in North Kivu and Ituri provinces, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), four IPs, including one small molecule (Remdesivir), two monoclonal antibody (mAb) cocktails (ZMapp and REGN-EB3) and a single mAb (mAb114), were evaluated in an RCT, the Pamoja Tulinde Maisha (PALM) study. Two products (REGN-EB3 and mAb114) demonstrated efficacy as compared to the control arm, ZMapp. There were remarkably few side effects recorded in the trial. The FDA approved both medications in this scientifically sound study, marking a watershed moment in the field of EVD therapy. These products can be produced relatively inexpensively and can be stockpiled. The administration of mAbs in EVD patients appears to be safe and effective, while several critical knowledge gaps remain; the impact of early administration of Ebola-specific mAbs on developing a robust immune response for future Ebola virus exposure is unknown. The viral mutation escape, leading to resistance, presents a potential limitation for single mAb therapy; further improvements need to be explored. Understanding the contribution of Fc-mediated antibody functions such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of those approved mAbs is still critical. The potential merit of combination therapy and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) need to be demonstrated. Furthermore, the PALM trial has accounted for 30% of mortality despite the administration of specific treatments. The putative role of EBOV soluble Glycoprotein (sGP) as a decoy to the immune system, the virus persistence, and relapses might be investigated for treatment failure. The development of pan-filovirus or pan-species mAbs remains essential for protection. The interaction between FDA-approved mAbs and vaccines remains unclear and needs to be investigated. In this review, we summarize the efficacy and safety results of the PALM study and review current research questions for the further development of mAbs in pre-exposure or emergency post-exposure use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Tshiani Mbaya
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Philippe Mukumbayi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sabue Mulangu
- Global Medical Affairs, Ridgeback Biotherapeutics, Miami, FL, United States
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16
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Maharjan PM, Cheon J, Jung J, Kim H, Lee J, Song M, Jeong GU, Kwon Y, Shim B, Choe S. Plant-Expressed Receptor Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Elicits Humoral Immunity in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:978. [PMID: 34579215 PMCID: PMC8472882 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current 15-month coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has accounted for 3.77 million deaths and enormous worldwide social and economic losses. A high volume of vaccine production is urgently required to eliminate COVID-19. Inexpensive and robust production platforms will improve the distribution of vaccines to resource-limited countries. Plant species offer such platforms, particularly through the production of recombinant proteins to serve as immunogens. To achieve this goal, here we expressed the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein in the glycoengineered-tobacco plant Nicotiana benthamiana to provide a candidate subunit vaccine. This recombinant RBD elicited humoral immunity in mice via induction of highly neutralizing antibodies. These findings provide a strong foundation to further advance the development of plant-expressed RBD antigens for use as an effective, safe, and inexpensive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Moreover, our study further highlights the utility of plant species for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puna Maya Maharjan
- G+FLAS Life Sciences, 123 Uiryodanji-gil, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28161, Korea; (P.M.M.); (J.L.); (M.S.)
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jinyeong Cheon
- G+FLAS Life Sciences, 38 Nakseongdae-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08790, Korea; (J.C.); (J.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Jiyun Jung
- G+FLAS Life Sciences, 38 Nakseongdae-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08790, Korea; (J.C.); (J.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Haerim Kim
- G+FLAS Life Sciences, 38 Nakseongdae-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08790, Korea; (J.C.); (J.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Jaewon Lee
- G+FLAS Life Sciences, 123 Uiryodanji-gil, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28161, Korea; (P.M.M.); (J.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Minjeong Song
- G+FLAS Life Sciences, 123 Uiryodanji-gil, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28161, Korea; (P.M.M.); (J.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Gi Uk Jeong
- Center for Convergent Research for Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (G.U.J.); (Y.K.)
| | - Youngchan Kwon
- Center for Convergent Research for Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (G.U.J.); (Y.K.)
| | - Byoungshik Shim
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Sunghwa Choe
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
- G+FLAS Life Sciences, 38 Nakseongdae-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08790, Korea; (J.C.); (J.J.); (H.K.)
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17
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Lee LP, Tan KY, Tan CH. Snake venom proteomics and antivenomics of two Sundaic lance-headed pit vipers: Trimeresurus wiroti (Malaysia) and Trimeresurus puniceus (Indonesia). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100875. [PMID: 34311411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Envenomation by two medically important Sundaic pit vipers, Trimeresurus wiroti (Malaysia) and Trimeresurus puniceus (Indonesia), causes hemotoxic syndrome with a potentially fatal outcome. Research on the compositions and antigenicity of these pit viper venoms is however lacking, limiting our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of envenomation. This study investigated the venom proteomes of both species through a protein decomplexation strategy, applying C18 reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and protein identification through nano-electrospray ionization liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nano-ESI-LCMS/MS) of trypsin-digested peptides. The venom antigenicity was profiled against the Thai Green Pit Viper Antivenom (GPVAV, a hetero-specific antivenom), using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The venom proteomes of T. wiroti and T. puniceus consisted of 10 and 12 toxin families, respectively. The major proteins were of diverse snake venom serine proteases (19-30% of total venom proteins), snake venom metalloproteinases (17-26%), disintegrins (9-16%), phospholipases A2 (8-28%) and C-type lectins (~8%). These were putative snake toxins implicated in hemorrhage and coagulopathy, consistent with clinical hemotoxicity. GPVAV showed strong immunorecognition toward high and medium molecular weight proteins (e.g., SVMP and PLA2) in both venoms, while a lower binding activity was observed toward small proteins such as disintegrins. Conserved antigenicity in the major hemotoxins supported toxicity cross-neutralization by GPVAV and indicated that the immunorecognition of low molecular weight toxins may be optimized for improved binding efficacy. Taken together, the study provides insights into the pathophysiology and antivenom treatment of envenomation caused by T. wiroti and T. puniceus in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Pernee Lee
- Venom Research & Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kae Yi Tan
- Protein and Interactomics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Choo Hock Tan
- Venom Research & Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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18
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Li Y, Liu D, Wang Y, Su W, Liu G, Dong W. The Importance of Glycans of Viral and Host Proteins in Enveloped Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:638573. [PMID: 33995356 PMCID: PMC8116741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal viruses are parasites of animal cells that have characteristics such as heredity and replication. Viruses can be divided into non-enveloped and enveloped viruses if a lipid bilayer membrane surrounds them or not. All the membrane proteins of enveloped viruses that function in attachment to target cells or membrane fusion are modified by glycosylation. Glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications of proteins and plays an important role in many biological behaviors, such as protein folding and stabilization, virus attachment to target cell receptors and inhibition of antibody neutralization. Glycans of the host receptors can also regulate the attachment of the viruses and then influence the virus entry. With the development of glycosylation research technology, the research and development of novel virus vaccines and antiviral drugs based on glycan have received increasing attention. Here, we review the effects of host glycans and viral proteins on biological behaviors of viruses, and the opportunities for prevention and treatment of viral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dongqi Liu
- The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenquan Su
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weijie Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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19
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Re S, Mizuguchi K. Glycan Cluster Shielding and Antibody Epitopes on Lassa Virus Envelop Protein. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:2089-2097. [PMID: 33606939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c11516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of how an antiviral monoclonal antibody recognizes its target is vital for the development of neutralizing antibodies and vaccines. The extensive glycosylation of viral proteins almost certainly affects the antibody response, but the investigation of such effects is hampered by the huge range of structures and interactions of surface glycans through their inherent complexity and flexibility. Here, we built an atomistic model of a fully glycosylated envelope protein complex of the Lassa virus and performed molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the impact of surface glycans on the antibody response. The simulations attested to the variety of conformations and interactions of surface glycans. The results show that glycosylation nonuniformly shields the surface of the complex and only marginally affects protein dynamics. The glycans gather in distinct clusters through interaction with protein residues, and only a few regions are left accessible by an antibody. We successfully recovered known protein epitopes by integrating the simulation results with existing sequence- and structure-based epitope prediction methods. The results emphasize the rich structural environment of glycans and demonstrate that shielding is not merely envelopment by a uniform blanket of sugars. This work provides a molecular basis for integrating otherwise elusive structural properties of glycans into vaccine and neutralizing antibody developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyong Re
- Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Integrated Innovation Building 7F, 6-7-1 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizuguchi
- Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan.,Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan.,Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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20
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Agnolon V, Kiseljak D, Wurm MJ, Wurm FM, Foissard C, Gallais F, Wehrle S, Muñoz-Fontela C, Bellanger L, Correia BE, Corradin G, Spertini F. Designs and Characterization of Subunit Ebola GP Vaccine Candidates: Implications for Immunogenicity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:586595. [PMID: 33250896 PMCID: PMC7672190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.586595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The humoral responses of Ebola virus (EBOV) survivors mainly target the surface glycoprotein GP, and anti-GP neutralizing antibodies have been associated with protection against EBOV infection. In order to elicit protective neutralizing antibodies through vaccination a native-like conformation of the antigen is required. We therefore engineered and expressed in CHO cells several GP variants from EBOV (species Zaire ebolavirus, Mayinga variant), including a soluble GP ΔTM, a mucin-like domain-deleted GP ΔTM-ΔMUC, as well as two GP ΔTM-ΔMUC variants with C-terminal trimerization motifs in order to favor their native trimeric conformation. Inclusion of the trimerization motifs resulted in proteins mimicking GP metastable trimer and showing increased stability. The mucin-like domain appeared not to be critical for the retention of the native conformation of the GP protein, and its removal unmasked several neutralizing epitopes, especially in the trimers. The soluble GP variants inhibited mAbs neutralizing activity in a pseudotype transduction assay, further confirming the proteins' structural integrity. Interestingly, the trimeric GPs, a native-like GP complex, showed stronger affinity for antibodies raised by natural infection in EBOV disease survivors rather than for antibodies raised in volunteers that received the ChAd3-EBOZ vaccine. These results support our hypothesis that neutralizing antibodies are preferentially induced when using a native-like conformation of the GP antigen. The soluble trimeric recombinant GP proteins we developed represent a novel and promising strategy to develop prophylactic vaccines against EBOV and other filoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Agnolon
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Florian M Wurm
- ExcellGene SA, Monthey, Switzerland.,Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Foissard
- Université Paris Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Fabrice Gallais
- Université Paris Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Sarah Wehrle
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - César Muñoz-Fontela
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laurent Bellanger
- Université Paris Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Bruno Emanuel Correia
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giampietro Corradin
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - François Spertini
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Vong K, Yamamoto T, Tanaka K. Artificial Glycoproteins as a Scaffold for Targeted Drug Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906890. [PMID: 32068952 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Akin to a cellular "fingerprint," the glycocalyx is a glycan-enriched cellular coating that plays a crucial role in mediating cell-to-cell interactions. To gain a better understanding of the factors that govern in vivo recognition, artificial glycoproteins were initially created to probe changes made to the accumulation and biodistribution of specific glycan assemblies through biomimicry. As a result, the organ-specific accumulation for a variety of glycoproteins decorated with simple and/or complex glycans was identified. Additionally, binding trends with regard to cancer cell selectivity were also investigated. To exploit the knowledge gained from these studies, numerous groups thus became engaged in developing targeted drug methodologies based on the use of artificial glycoproteins. This has either been done through adopting the glycoprotein scaffold as a drug carrier, or to directly glycosylate therapeutic proteins/enzymes to localize their biological activity. The principle aim of this Review is to present the foundational research that has driven artificial glycoprotein-based targeting and subsequent adaptations with potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenward Vong
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yamamoto
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
- Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory, A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
- GlycoTargeting Research Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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22
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Hastie KM, Cross RW, Harkins SS, Zandonatti MA, Koval AP, Heinrich ML, Rowland MM, Robinson JE, Geisbert TW, Garry RF, Branco LM, Saphire EO. Convergent Structures Illuminate Features for Germline Antibody Binding and Pan-Lassa Virus Neutralization. Cell 2020; 178:1004-1015.e14. [PMID: 31398326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) causes hemorrhagic fever and is endemic in West Africa. Protective antibody responses primarily target the LASV surface glycoprotein (GPC), and GPC-B competition group antibodies often show potent neutralizing activity in humans. However, which features confer potent and broadly neutralizing antibody responses is unclear. Here, we compared three crystal structures of LASV GPC complexed with GPC-B antibodies of varying neutralization potency. Each GPC-B antibody recognized an overlapping epitope involved in binding of two adjacent GPC monomers and preserved the prefusion trimeric conformation. Differences among GPC-antibody interactions highlighted specific residues that enhance neutralization. Using structure-guided amino acid substitutions, we increased the neutralization potency and breadth of these antibodies to include all major LASV lineages. The ability to define antibody residues that allow potent and broad neutralizing activity, together with findings from analyses of inferred germline precursors, is critical to develop potent therapeutics and for vaccine design and assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Hastie
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie S Harkins
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michelle A Zandonatti
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - James E Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Robert F Garry
- Zalgen Labs, Germantown, MD, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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23
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Mucin-Like Domain of Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Enhances Selective Oncolytic Actions against Brain Tumors. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01967-19. [PMID: 32051271 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01967-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Given that the Ebola virus (EBOV) infects a wide array of organs and cells yet displays a relative lack of neurotropism, we asked whether a chimeric vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing the EBOV glycoprotein (GP) might selectively target brain tumors. The mucin-like domain (MLD) of the EBOV GP may enhance virus immune system evasion. Here, we compared chimeric VSVs in which EBOV GP replaces the VSV glycoprotein, thereby reducing the neurotoxicity associated with wild-type VSV. A chimeric VSV expressing the full-length EBOV GP (VSV-EBOV) containing the MLD was substantially more effective and safer than a parallel construct with an EBOV GP lacking the MLD (VSV-EBOVΔMLD). One-step growth, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, and Western blotting assessments showed that VSV-EBOVΔMLD produced substantially more progeny faster than VSV-EBOV. Using immunodeficient SCID mice, we focused on targeting human brain tumors with these VSV-EBOVs. Similar to the findings of our previous study in which we used an attenuated VSV-EBOV with no MLD that expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) (VSV-EBOVΔMLD-GFP), VSV-EBOVΔMLD without GFP targeted glioma but yielded only a modest extension of survival. In contrast, VSV-EBOV containing the MLD showed substantially better targeting and elimination of brain tumors after intravenous delivery and increased the survival of brain tumor-bearing mice. Despite the apparent destruction of most tumor cells by VSV-EBOVΔMLD, the virus remained active within the SCID mouse brain and showed widespread infection of normal brain cells. In contrast, VSV-EBOV eliminated the tumors and showed relatively little infection of normal brain cells. Parallel experiments with direct intracranial virus infection generated similar results. Neither VSV-EBOV nor VSV-EBOVΔMLD showed substantive infection of the brains of normal immunocompetent mice.IMPORTANCE The Ebola virus glycoprotein contains a mucin-like domain which may play a role in immune evasion. Chimeric vesicular stomatitis viruses with the EBOV glycoprotein substituted for the VSV glycoprotein show greater safety and efficacy in targeting brain tumors in immunodeficient mice when the MLD was expressed within the EBOV glycoprotein than when EBOV lacked the mucin-like domain.
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24
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TANAKA K, VONG K. Unlocking the therapeutic potential of artificial metalloenzymes. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 96:79-94. [PMID: 32161212 PMCID: PMC7167364 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.96.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to harness the functionality of metals, nature has evolved over billions of years to utilize metalloproteins as key components in numerous cellular processes. Despite this, transition metals such as ruthenium, palladium, iridium, and gold are largely absent from naturally occurring metalloproteins, likely due to their scarcity as precious metals. To mimic the evolutionary process of nature, the field of artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) was born as a way to benefit from the unique chemoselectivity and orthogonality of transition metals in a biological setting. In its current state, numerous examples have successfully incorporated transition metals into a variety of protein scaffolds. Using these ArMs, many examples of new-to-nature reactions have been carried out, some of which have shown substantial biocompatibility. Given the rapid rate at which this field is growing, this review aims to highlight some important studies that have begun to take the next step within this field; namely the development of ArM-centered drug therapies or biotechnological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori TANAKA
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Baton Zone Program, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed: K. Tanaka, Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Kenward VONG
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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25
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Meyer M, Yoshida A, Ramanathan P, Saphire EO, Collins PL, Crowe JE, Samal S, Bukreyev A. Antibody Repertoires to the Same Ebola Vaccine Antigen Are Differentially Affected by Vaccine Vectors. Cell Rep 2019; 24:1816-1829. [PMID: 30110638 PMCID: PMC6145141 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative immune response profiling is important for selecting next-generation vaccines. We comprehensively evaluated the antibody responses from a panel of nine respiratory vaccines against Ebola virus (EBOV) derived from human and avian paramyxoviruses expressing EBOV glycoprotein (GP). Most vaccines were protective in guinea pigs but yielded antibody repertoires that differed in proportion targeting key antigenic regions, avidity, neutralizing antibody specificities, and linear epitope preferences. Competition studies with monoclonal antibodies from human survivors revealed that some epitopes in GP targeted for neutralization were vector dependent, while EBOV-neutralizing titers correlated with the response magnitude toward the receptor-binding domain and GP1/GP2 interface epitopes. While an immunogen determines the breadth of antibody response, distinct vaccine vectors can induce qualitatively different responses, affecting protective efficacy. These data suggest that immune correlates of vaccine protection cannot be generalized for all vaccines against the same pathogen, even if they use the exact same immunogen.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibody Affinity
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Ebola Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Ebola Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Ebola Vaccines/genetics
- Ebolavirus/drug effects
- Ebolavirus/genetics
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Ebolavirus/pathogenicity
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Guinea Pigs
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/mortality
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology
- Humans
- Immune Sera/chemistry
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/immunology
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccination
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Meyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Asuka Yoshida
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, MD 20742, USA
| | - Palaniappan Ramanathan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter L Collins
- RNA Virology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Siba Samal
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, MD 20742, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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26
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Zhu W, Banadyga L, Emeterio K, Wong G, Qiu X. The Roles of Ebola Virus Soluble Glycoprotein in Replication, Pathogenesis, and Countermeasure Development. Viruses 2019; 11:v11110999. [PMID: 31683550 PMCID: PMC6893644 DOI: 10.3390/v11110999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a highly lethal pathogen that has caused several outbreaks of severe hemorrhagic fever in humans since its emergence in 1976. The EBOV glycoprotein (GP1,2) is the sole viral envelope protein and a major component of immunogenicity; it is encoded by the GP gene along with two truncated versions: soluble GP (sGP) and small soluble GP (ssGP). sGP is, in fact, the primary product of the GP gene, and it is secreted in abundance during EBOV infection. Since sGP shares large portions of its sequence with GP1,2, it has been hypothesized that sGP may subvert the host immune response by inducing antibodies against sGP rather than GP1,2. Several reports have shown that sGP plays multiple roles that contribute to the complex pathogenesis of EBOV. In this review, we focus on sGP and discuss its possible roles with regards to the pathogenesis of EBOV and the development of specific antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhu
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada.
| | - Logan Banadyga
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada.
| | - Karla Emeterio
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
| | - Gary Wong
- Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada.
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27
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Schiavinato M, Strasser R, Mach L, Dohm JC, Himmelbauer H. Genome and transcriptome characterization of the glycoengineered Nicotiana benthamiana line ΔXT/FT. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:594. [PMID: 31324144 PMCID: PMC6642603 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The allotetraploid tobacco species Nicotiana benthamiana native to Australia has become a popular host for recombinant protein production. Although its usage grows every year, little is known on this plant's genomic and transcriptomic features. Most N. benthamiana accessions currently used in research lack proper documentation of their breeding history and provenance. One of these, the glycoengineered N. benthamiana line ΔXT/FT is increasingly used for the production of biopharmaceutical proteins. RESULTS Based on an existing draft assembly of the N. benthamiana genome we predict 50,516 protein -encoding genes (62,216 transcripts) supported by expression data derived from 2.35 billion mRNA-seq reads. Using single-copy core genes we show high completeness of the predicted gene set. We functionally annotate more than two thirds of the gene set through sequence homology to genes from other Nicotiana species. We demonstrate that the expression profiles from leaf tissue of ΔXT/FT and its wild type progenitor only show minimal differences. We identify the transgene insertion sites in ΔXT/FT and show that one of the transgenes was inserted inside another predicted gene that most likely lost its function upon insertion. Based on publicly available mRNA-seq data, we confirm that the N. benthamiana accessions used by different research institutions most likely derive from a single source. CONCLUSIONS This work provides gene annotation of the N. benthamiana genome, a genomic and transcriptomic characterization of a transgenic N. benthamiana line in comparison to its wild-type progenitor, and sheds light onto the relatedness of N. benthamiana accessions that are used in laboratories around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Schiavinato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Mach
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juliane C. Dohm
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Himmelbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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28
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Vetchinin SS, Shevyakov AG, Fedyukina GN, Baranova EV, Biketov SF. Generation of Hybridomas Producing Monoclonal Antibodies to the NS1 Protein of the Zika Virus. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Ortega V, Stone JA, Contreras EM, Iorio RM, Aguilar HC. Addicted to sugar: roles of glycans in the order Mononegavirales. Glycobiology 2019; 29:2-21. [PMID: 29878112 PMCID: PMC6291800 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a biologically important protein modification process by which a carbohydrate chain is enzymatically added to a protein at a specific amino acid residue. This process plays roles in many cellular functions, including intracellular trafficking, cell-cell signaling, protein folding and receptor binding. While glycosylation is a common host cell process, it is utilized by many pathogens as well. Protein glycosylation is widely employed by viruses for both host invasion and evasion of host immune responses. Thus better understanding of viral glycosylation functions has potential applications for improved antiviral therapeutic and vaccine development. Here, we summarize our current knowledge on the broad biological functions of glycans for the Mononegavirales, an order of enveloped negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses of high medical importance that includes Ebola, rabies, measles and Nipah viruses. We discuss glycobiological findings by genera in alphabetical order within each of eight Mononegavirales families, namely, the bornaviruses, filoviruses, mymonaviruses, nyamiviruses, paramyxoviruses, pneumoviruses, rhabdoviruses and sunviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ortega
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jacquelyn A Stone
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Erik M Contreras
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ronald M Iorio
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems and Program in Immunology and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Hector C Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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30
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Buettner MJ, Shah SR, Saeui CT, Ariss R, Yarema KJ. Improving Immunotherapy Through Glycodesign. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2485. [PMID: 30450094 PMCID: PMC6224361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is revolutionizing health care, with the majority of high impact "drugs" approved in the past decade falling into this category of therapy. Despite considerable success, glycosylation-a key design parameter that ensures safety, optimizes biological response, and influences the pharmacokinetic properties of an immunotherapeutic-has slowed the development of this class of drugs in the past and remains challenging at present. This article describes how optimizing glycosylation through a variety of glycoengineering strategies provides enticing opportunities to not only avoid past pitfalls, but also to substantially improve immunotherapies including antibodies and recombinant proteins, and cell-based therapies. We cover design principles important for early stage pre-clinical development and also discuss how various glycoengineering strategies can augment the biomanufacturing process to ensure the overall effectiveness of immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Buettner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sagar R Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Pharmacology/Toxicology Branch I, Division of Clinical Evaluation and Pharmacology/Toxicology, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ryan Ariss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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31
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Leemans A, Boeren M, Van der Gucht W, Pintelon I, Roose K, Schepens B, Saelens X, Bailey D, Martinet W, Caljon G, Maes L, Cos P, Delputte P. Removal of the N-Glycosylation Sequon at Position N116 Located in p27 of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Protein Elicits Enhanced Antibody Responses after DNA Immunization. Viruses 2018; 10:E426. [PMID: 30110893 PMCID: PMC6115940 DOI: 10.3390/v10080426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants caused by the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) remains a major public health priority. Currently, the major focus of vaccine development relies on the RSV fusion (F) protein since it is the main target protein for neutralizing antibodies induced by natural infection. The protein conserves 5 N-glycosylation sites, two of which are located in the F2 subunit (N27 and N70), one in the F1 subunit (N500) and two in the p27 peptide (N116 and N126). To study the influence of the loss of one or more N-glycosylation sites on RSV F immunogenicity, BALB/c mice were immunized with plasmids encoding RSV F glycomutants. In comparison with F WT DNA immunized mice, higher neutralizing titres were observed following immunization with F N116Q. Moreover, RSV A2-K-line19F challenge of mice that had been immunized with mutant F N116Q DNA was associated with lower RSV RNA levels compared with those in challenged WT F DNA immunized animals. Since p27 is assumed to be post-translationally released after cleavage and thus not present on the mature RSV F protein, it remains to be elucidated how deletion of this glycan can contribute to enhanced antibody responses and protection upon challenge. These findings provide new insights to improve the immunogenicity of RSV F in potential vaccine candidates.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Female
- Glycosylation
- Humans
- Hydrolysis
- Immunization
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation
- Plasmids/administration & dosage
- Plasmids/genetics
- Plasmids/immunology
- Protein Engineering
- Protein Subunits/administration & dosage
- Protein Subunits/genetics
- Protein Subunits/immunology
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/immunology
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention & control
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/virology
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/genetics
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/immunology
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/drug effects
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/genetics
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Viral Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Viral Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Viral Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Viral Load/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Leemans
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Marlies Boeren
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Winke Van der Gucht
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Isabel Pintelon
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Kenny Roose
- Medical Biotechnology Centre, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bert Schepens
- Medical Biotechnology Centre, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Xavier Saelens
- Medical Biotechnology Centre, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Peter Delputte
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Bagdonaite I, Vakhrushev SY, Joshi HJ, Wandall HH. Viral glycoproteomes: technologies for characterization and outlook for vaccine design. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3898-3920. [PMID: 29961944 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It has long been known that surface proteins of most enveloped viruses are covered with glycans. It has furthermore been demonstrated that glycosylation is essential for propagation and immune evasion for many viruses. The recent development of high-resolution mass spectrometry techniques has enabled identification not only of the precise structures but also the positions of such post-translational modifications on viruses, revealing substantial differences in extent of glycosylation and glycan maturation for different classes of viruses. In-depth characterization of glycosylation and other post-translational modifications of viral envelope glycoproteins is essential for rational design of vaccines and antivirals. In this Review, we provide an overview of techniques used to address viral glycosylation and summarize information on glycosylation of enveloped viruses representing ongoing public health challenges. Furthermore, we discuss how knowledge on glycosylation can be translated to means to prevent and combat viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Bagdonaite
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hiren J Joshi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bagdonaite I, Wandall HH. Global aspects of viral glycosylation. Glycobiology 2018; 28:443-467. [PMID: 29579213 PMCID: PMC7108637 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enveloped viruses encompass some of the most common human pathogens causing infections of different severity, ranging from no or very few symptoms to lethal disease as seen with the viral hemorrhagic fevers. All enveloped viruses possess an envelope membrane derived from the host cell, modified with often heavily glycosylated virally encoded glycoproteins important for infectivity, viral particle formation and immune evasion. While N-linked glycosylation of viral envelope proteins is well characterized with respect to location, structure and site occupancy, information on mucin-type O-glycosylation of these proteins is less comprehensive. Studies on viral glycosylation are often limited to analysis of recombinant proteins that in most cases are produced in cell lines with a glycosylation capacity different from the capacity of the host cells. The glycosylation pattern of the produced recombinant glycoproteins might therefore be different from the pattern on native viral proteins. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on analysis of viral glycosylation, and summarize known roles of glycans in the biology of enveloped human viruses. In addition, we describe how to overcome the analytical limitations by using a global approach based on mass spectrometry to identify viral O-glycosylation in virus-infected cell lysates using the complex enveloped virus herpes simplex virus type 1 as a model. We underscore that glycans often pay important contributions to overall protein structure, function and immune recognition, and that glycans represent a crucial determinant for vaccine design. High throughput analysis of glycosylation on relevant glycoprotein formulations, as well as data compilation and sharing is therefore important to identify consensus glycosylation patterns for translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Bagdonaite
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Howe JG, Stack G. Relationship of epitope glycosylation and other properties of blood group proteins to the immunogenicity of blood group antigens. Transfusion 2018; 58:1739-1751. [PMID: 29770450 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intrinsic properties of polypeptide blood group antigens that determine their relative immunogenicities are unknown. Because size, composition, charge, dose, and epitope glycosylation affect the immunogenicity of other polypeptides, we examined whether similar properties were related to the immunogenicity of blood group antigens. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Amino acid (AA) sequences of antithetical blood group antigens were searched for N- and O-glycosylation sites. Regression analysis was carried out to determine whether blood group protein properties, including total and ectodomain size, red blood cell (RBC) antigen site density, number of mismatched AAs between an antigen and its closest homolog, and differences in mass, charge, and hydrophobicity of the mismatched AAs, were related to immunogenicity. RESULTS The immunogenicities of non-RhD polypeptide antigens were directly related to the total and ectodomain sizes of their carrier proteins. A negative power relationship existed between RBC antigen site density and immunogenicity, such that the most immunogenic antigens had the lowest site density. The strong immunogenicity of RhD was related to the number of AA mismatches between RhD and RhCE, to their cumulative hydrophobicity and electrostatic mismatch scores, and the cumulative AA mass difference. No N- or O-glycosylation differences were predicted for antithetical or homologous antigens, other than a previously known N-glycosylation difference between K and k. CONCLUSION Epitope glycosylation appeared not to be a determinant of immunogenicity for blood group antigens, except possibly for K. The immunogenicity of blood group antigens was positively related to total and ectodomain sizes of blood group proteins and negatively related to antigen site density. Such findings should be considered hypothesis generating for future, more definitive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Howe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gary Stack
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
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Ji Y, Lu Y, Yan Y, Liu X, Su N, Zhang C, Bi S, Xing XH. Design of Fusion Proteins for Efficient and Soluble Production of Immunogenic Ebola Virus Glycoprotein in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700627. [PMID: 29500882 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Ebola hemorrhagic fever caused by Ebola virus is an extremely dangerous disease, and effective therapeutic agents are still lacking. Platforms for the efficient production of vaccines are crucial to ensure quick response against an Ebola virus outbreak. Ebola virus glycoprotein (EbolaGP) on the virion surface is responsible for membrane binding and virus entry, thus becoming the key target for vaccine development. However, heterologous expression of this protein still faces engineering challenges such as low production levels and insoluble aggregation. Here, the authors design and compare various fusion strategies, attaching great importance to the solubility-enhancing effect, and tag removal process. It is found that a C-terminal intein-based tag greatly enhances the solubility of EbolaGP and allows one-step chromatographic purification of the untagged EbolaGP through thiol-catalyzed self-cleavage. The purified untagged EbolaGP alone or with Freund's adjuvant are highly immunogenic, as confirmed in a mouse model. Consequently, the present study puts forward a new strategy for the efficient and soluble expression of untagged immunogenic EbolaGP. The intein-based protein fusion approach may be of importance for the large-scale production of Ebola virus subunit vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yishu Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Bio-Cell Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
| | - Nan Su
- Bio-Cell Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shengli Bi
- Institute of Virology Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xin-Hui Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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Pourseif MM, Moghaddam G, Daghighkia H, Nematollahi A, Omidi Y. A novel B- and helper T-cell epitopes-based prophylactic vaccine against Echinococcus granulosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 8:39-52. [PMID: 29713601 PMCID: PMC5915707 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2018.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction:
In this study, we targeted the worm stage of Echinococcus granulosus to design a novel multi-epitope B- and helper T-cell based vaccine construct for immunization of dogs against this multi-host parasite.
Methods:
The vaccine was designed based on the local Eg14-3-3 antigen (Ag). DNA samples were extracted from the protoscoleces of the infected sheep’s liver, and then subjected to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 14-3-3 specific forward and reverse primers. For the vaccine designing, several in silico steps were undertaken. Three-dimensional (3D) structure of the local Eg14-3-3 Ag was modeled by EasyModeller software. The protein modeling accuracy was then analyzed via various validation assays. Potential transmembrane helix, signal peptide, post-translational modifications and allergenicity of Eg14-3-3 were evaluated as the preliminary measures of B-cell epitopes (BEs ) prediction. Having used many web-servers, a well-designed process was carried out for improved prediction of BEs. High ranked linear and conformational BEs were utilized for engineering the final vaccine construct. Possible T-helper epitopes (TEs) were identified by the molecular docking between 13-mer fragments of the Eg14-3-3 Ag and two high frequent dog class II MHC alleles (i.e., DLA-DRB1*01101 and DRB1*01501). The epitopes coverage was evaluated by Shannon’s variability plot.
Results:
The final designed construct was analyzed based on different physicochemical properties, which was then codon optimized for high-level expression in Escherichia coli k12. This minigene construct is the first dog-specific epitopic vaccine construct that is established based on TEs with high-binding affinity to canine MHC alleles.
Conclusion:
This in silico study is the first part of a multi-antigenic vaccine designing work that represents as a novel dog-specific vaccine against E. granulosus. Here, we present key data on the step-by-step methodologies used for designing this de novo vaccine, which is under comprehensive in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Pourseif
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamali Moghaddam
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Daghighkia
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nematollahi
- Department of Pathobiology, Veterinary Collage, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Jin Y, Lei C, Hu D, Dimitrov DS, Ying T. Human monoclonal antibodies as candidate therapeutics against emerging viruses. Front Med 2017; 11:462-470. [PMID: 29159596 PMCID: PMC7088856 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of new pathogens, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and Ebola virus, poses serious challenges to global public health and highlights the urgent need for novel antiviral approaches. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been successfully used to treat various diseases, particularly cancer and immunological disorders. Antigen-specific mAbs have been isolated using several different approaches, including hybridoma, transgenic mice, phage display, yeast display, and single B-cell isolation. Consequently, an increasing number of mAbs, which exhibit high potency against emerging viruses in vitro and in animal models of infection, have been developed. In this paper, we summarize historical trends and recent developments in mAb discovery, compare the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches to mAb production, and discuss the potential use of such strategies for the development of antivirals against emerging diseases. We also review the application of recently developed human mAbs against SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and Ebola virus and discuss prospects for the development of mAbs as therapeutic agents against emerging viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of the Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cheng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of the Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of the Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of the Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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38
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Wang X, Teng D, Guan Q, Mao R, Hao Y, Wang X, Yao J, Wang J. Escherichia coli outer membrane protein F (OmpF): an immunogenic protein induces cross-reactive antibodies against Escherichia coli and Shigella. AMB Express 2017; 7:155. [PMID: 28728309 PMCID: PMC5517391 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most serious infectious diseases in humans and animals. Due to antibiotics resistance and the lack of efficient vaccine, more attention should be paid to find potential versatile vaccine candidates to prevent diseases. In this study, the sequence homology analysis indicated that OmpF from E. coli CVCC 1515 shares a high identity (90−100%) with about half of the E. coli (46.7%) and Shigella (52.8%) strains. Then the recombinant OmpF was supposed to be developed as a versatile vaccine to prevent E. coli infection. OmpF was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) using the auto-induction method. The recombinant OmpF (rOmpF) protein had an average molecular weight of 40 kDa with the purity of 90%. Immunological analysis indicated that the titers of anti-rOmpF sera against rOmpF and whole cells were 1:240,000 and 1:27,000, respectively. The opsonophagocytosis result showed that 72.21 ± 11.39 and 11.04 ± 3.90% of bacteria were killed in the rOmpF immunization and control groups, respectively. The survival ratio of mice immunized with rOmpF ranged between 40 and 60% as observed within 36 h after challenge, indicating mice were partially protected from E. coli CVCC 1515 infection. The expressed rOmpF protein induced an effective immune response, but only provide a weak protection against pathogenic E. coli CVCC 1515 and a small reduction in E. coli CICC 21530 (O157:H7) excretion in a mouse infection model. Native forms of the OmpF antigen may be studied for immunogenicity and potential protective efficacy.
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Dehghani B, Ghasabi F, Hashempoor T, Joulaei H, Hasanshahi Z, Halaji M, Chatrabnous N, Mousavi Z, Moayedi J. Functional and structural characterization of Ebola virus glycoprotein (1976–2015) — Anin silicostudy. INT J BIOMATH 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s179352451750108x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) is the causative agent of a severe hemorrhagic fever disease associated with high mortality rates in humans. This virus has five strains of which Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV) is the first and most important strain. It can be transmitted through contact with contaminated surfaces and objects. The genome of EBOV codes one non-structural and seven structural proteins consisting of two forms of glycoprotein (GP): soluble glycoprotein (sGP) and GP (spike). In this paper, we attempted to characterize and predict physicochemical properties, B-cell epitopes, mutation sites, phosphorylation sites, glycosylation sites, and different protein structures of EBOV GP to provide comprehensive data about changes of this GP during a 40-years course (1976–2015). GP sequences were obtained from NCBI gene bank from 1976–2015. Expasy’sProtParam, PROTSCALE, immuneepitope, Bepipred, BcePred, ABCpred, VaxiJen, DISPHOS, NetPhos, and numerous programs were used to predict and analyze all sequences. More variety of mutations were found in 2015 sequences and mutations were related to huge changes in B-cell epitopes, phosphorylation and glycosylation sites. In addition, our results determined different sites of disulfide bonds and an important mutation related to IgE epitope as well as four potent B-cell epitopes (380–387, 318–338, 405–438 and 434–475). In this study, we suggested the effect of mutations on GP properties, six positions for disulfide bonds and four phosphorylation sites for protein kinase C enzyme. Selected sequences were shown different sites for O-link and N-link glycosylation. A mutation that changed GP to an allergen protein and has a significant role in vaccine designing as well as four potent B-cell epitopes in GP protein were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Dehghani
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzane Ghasabi
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Hashempoor
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Joulaei
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Hasanshahi
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Halaji
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Nazanin Chatrabnous
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Javad Moayedi
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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40
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Constructing novel chimeric DNA vaccine against Salmonella enterica based on SopB and GroEL proteins: an in silico approach. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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41
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Ripoll DR, Mitchell DAJ, Dupuy LC, Wallqvist A, Schmaljohn C, Chaudhury S. Combinatorial peptide-based epitope mapping from Ebola virus DNA vaccines and infections reveals residue-level determinants of antibody binding. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2953-2966. [PMID: 28922082 PMCID: PMC5718834 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1360454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) infection is highly lethal and results in severe febrile bleeding disorders that affect humans and non-human primates. One of the therapeutic approaches for treating EBOV infection focus largely on cocktails of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind to specific regions of the EBOV glycoprotein (GP) and neutralize the virus. Recent structural studies using cryo-electron microscopy have identified key epitopes for several EBOV mAbs. While such information has yielded deep insights into antibody binding, limitations on resolution of these structures often preclude a residue-level analysis of EBOV epitopes. In this study, we performed combinatorial peptide-based epitope mapping of EBOV GP against a broad panel of mAbs and polyclonal sera derived from several animal species vaccinated with EBOV DNA and replicon vaccines and/or exposed to EBOV infection to identify residue-level determinants of antibody binding. The peptide-based epitope mapping obtained from a wide range of serum and mAb samples, combined with available cryo-EM structure reconstructions revealed fine details of antibody-virus interactions, allowing for a more precise and comprehensive mapping of antibody epitopes on EBOV GP. We show how these residue-level epitope definitions can be used to characterize antigenic variation across different filoviruses, and provide a theoretical basis for predicting immunity and cross-neutralization in potential future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Ripoll
- a Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute , Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Daniel A J Mitchell
- b US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Lesley C Dupuy
- b US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- a Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute , Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Connie Schmaljohn
- b US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Sidhartha Chaudhury
- a Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute , Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick , MD , USA
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42
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Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Pseudotyped with Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Serves as a Protective, Noninfectious Vaccine against Ebola Virus Challenge in Mice. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00479-17. [PMID: 28615211 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00479-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent Ebola virus (EBOV) epidemic in West Africa demonstrates the potential for a significant public health burden caused by filoviral infections. No vaccine or antiviral is currently FDA approved. To expand the vaccine options potentially available, we assessed protection conferred by an EBOV vaccine composed of vesicular stomatitis virus pseudovirions that lack native G glycoprotein (VSVΔG) and bear EBOV glycoprotein (GP). These pseudovirions mediate a single round of infection. Both single-dose and prime/boost vaccination regimens protected mice against lethal challenge with mouse-adapted Ebola virus (ma-EBOV) in a dose-dependent manner. The prime/boost regimen provided significantly better protection than a single dose. As N-linked glycans are thought to shield conserved regions of the EBOV GP receptor-binding domain (RBD), thereby blocking epitopes within the RBD, we also tested whether VSVΔG bearing EBOV GPs that lack GP1 N-linked glycans provided effective immunity against challenge with ma-EBOV or a more distantly related virus, Sudan virus. Using a prime/boost strategy, high doses of GP/VSVΔG partially or fully denuded of N-linked glycans on GP1 protected mice against ma-EBOV challenge, but these mutants were no more effective than wild-type (WT) GP/VSVΔG and did not provide cross protection against Sudan virus. As reported for other EBOV vaccine platforms, the protection conferred correlated with the quantity of EBOV GP-specific Ig produced but not with the production of neutralizing antibodies. Our results show that EBOV GP/VSVΔG pseudovirions serve as a successful vaccination platform in a rodent model of Ebola virus disease and that GP1 N-glycan loss does not influence immunogenicity or vaccination success.IMPORTANCE The West African Ebola virus epidemic was the largest to date, with more than 28,000 people infected. No FDA-approved vaccines are yet available, but in a trial vaccination strategy in West Africa, recombinant, infectious VSV encoding the Ebola virus glycoprotein effectively prevented virus-associated disease. VSVΔG pseudovirion vaccines may prove as efficacious and have better safety, but they have not been tested to date. Thus, we tested the efficacy of VSVΔG pseudovirions bearing Ebola virus glycoprotein as a vaccine platform. We found that wild-type Ebola virus glycoprotein, in the context of this platform, provides robust protection of EBOV-challenged mice. Further, we found that removal of the heavy glycan shield surrounding conserved regions of the glycoprotein does not enhance vaccine efficacy.
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43
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Mitchell DAJ, Dupuy LC, Sanchez-Lockhart M, Palacios G, Back JW, Shimanovskaya K, Chaudhury S, Ripoll DR, Wallqvist A, Schmaljohn CS. Epitope mapping of Ebola virus dominant and subdominant glycoprotein epitopes facilitates construction of an epitope-based DNA vaccine able to focus the antibody response in mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2883-2893. [PMID: 28699812 PMCID: PMC5718802 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1347740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed epitope mapping studies on the major surface glycoprotein (GP) of Ebola virus (EBOV) using Chemically Linked Peptides on Scaffolds (CLIPS), which form linear and potential conformational epitopes. This method identified monoclonal antibody epitopes and predicted additional epitopes recognized by antibodies in polyclonal sera from animals experimentally vaccinated against or infected with EBOV. Using the information obtained along with structural modeling to predict epitope accessibility, we then constructed 2 DNA vaccines encoding immunodominant and subdominant epitopes predicted to be accessible on EBOV GP. Although a construct designed to produce a membrane-bound oligopeptide was poorly immunogenic, a construct generating a secreted oligopeptide elicited strong antibody responses in mice. When this construct was administered as a boost to a DNA vaccine expressing the complete EBOV GP gene, the resultant antibody response was focused largely toward the less immunodominant epitopes in the oligopeptide. Taken together, the results of this work suggest a utility for this method for immune focusing of antibody responses elicited by vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A J Mitchell
- a United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Lesley C Dupuy
- a United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart
- a United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- a United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Jaap W Back
- b Pepscan Presto BV , Lelystad , the Netherlands
| | | | - Sidhartha Chaudhury
- c Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Daniel R Ripoll
- c Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- c Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Connie S Schmaljohn
- a United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
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Dolzhikova I, Tokarskaya E, Dzharullaeva AS, Tukhvatulin AI, Shcheblyakov DV, Voronina O, Syromyatnikova SI, Borisevich SV, Pantyukhov VB, Babira VF, Kolobukhina LV, Naroditsky BS, Logunov DY, Gintsburg AL. Virus-Vectored Ebola Vaccines. Acta Naturae 2017; 9:4-11. [PMID: 29104771 PMCID: PMC5662269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ebola virus disease (EVD) is one of the most dangerous infections affecting humans and animals. The first EVD outbreaks occurred in 1976 in Sudan and Zaire. Since then, more than 20 outbreaks have occurred; the largest of which (2014-2016) evolved into an epidemic in West Africa and claimed the lives of more than 11,000 people. Although vaccination is the most effective way to prevent epidemics, there was no licensed vaccine for EVD at the beginning of the latest outbreak. The development of the first vaccines for EVD started in 1980 and has come a long technological way, from inactivated to genetically engineered vaccines based on recombinant viral vectors. This review focuses on virus-vectored Ebola vaccines that have demonstrated the greatest efficacy in preclinical trials and are currently under different phases of clinical trial. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of immune response development, which are important for protection from EVD, and the key vaccine parameters necessary for inducing long-term protective immunity against EVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.V. Dolzhikova
- Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, Ministry of Health, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - E.A. Tokarskaya
- Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, Ministry of Health, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - A. S. Dzharullaeva
- Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, Ministry of Health, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - A. I. Tukhvatulin
- Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, Ministry of Health, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - D. V. Shcheblyakov
- Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, Ministry of Health, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - O.L. Voronina
- Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, Ministry of Health, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - S. I. Syromyatnikova
- 48 Central Research Institute, Ministry of Defense, Oktjabr’skaja Str. 11, Sergiev Posad-6, Moscow oblast, 141306, Russia
| | - S. V. Borisevich
- 48 Central Research Institute, Ministry of Defense, Oktjabr’skaja Str. 11, Sergiev Posad-6, Moscow oblast, 141306, Russia
| | - V. B. Pantyukhov
- 48 Central Research Institute, Ministry of Defense, Oktjabr’skaja Str. 11, Sergiev Posad-6, Moscow oblast, 141306, Russia
| | - V. F. Babira
- No. 7 Main Military Clinical Hospital named after academician N. N. Burdenko, Ministry of Defense, Novaja Str. 4, Sergiev Posad-6, Moscow oblast, 141306, Russia
| | - L. V. Kolobukhina
- Infectious Clinical Hospital № 1, Moscow Healthcare Department, Volokolamskoe shosse, 63, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | - B. S. Naroditsky
- Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, Ministry of Health, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - D. Y. Logunov
- Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, Ministry of Health, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - A. L. Gintsburg
- Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, Ministry of Health, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, 123098, Russia
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Maeda A, Iwayanagi Y, Haraya K, Tachibana T, Nakamura G, Nambu T, Esaki K, Hattori K, Igawa T. Identification of human IgG1 variant with enhanced FcRn binding and without increased binding to rheumatoid factor autoantibody. MAbs 2017; 9:844-853. [PMID: 28387635 PMCID: PMC5524163 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1314873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies have demonstrated that Fc engineering to enhance neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) binding is effective for elongating half-life or increasing cellular uptake of IgG. A previous study has shown that a N434H mutation to enhance FcRn binding resulted in increased binding to rheumatoid factor (RF) autoantibody, which is not desirable for therapeutic use in autoimmune disease. In this study, we first showed that all the existing Fc variants with enhanced FcRn binding also show increased RF binding, and then identified specific mutations that could be introduced to those Fc variants to reduce the RF binding. Furthermore, we generated novel Fc variants that do not increase RF binding and show half-lives of 45 d in cynomolgus monkey, which is longer than those of previously reported Fc variants. In addition, we generated novel Fc variants with antigen sweeping activity that do not increase RF binding. We expect that these novel Fc variants will be useful as antibody therapeutics against autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Maeda
- a Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Ukima Research Labs. , Ukima, Kita-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yuki Iwayanagi
- b Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Research Division, Kamakura Research Labs , Kajiwara, Kamakura , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Kenta Haraya
- c Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd. , Synapse , Singapore
| | - Tatsuhiko Tachibana
- b Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Research Division, Kamakura Research Labs , Kajiwara, Kamakura , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Genki Nakamura
- d Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Komakado, Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Takeru Nambu
- d Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Komakado, Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Keiko Esaki
- d Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Komakado, Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Kunihiro Hattori
- b Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Research Division, Kamakura Research Labs , Kajiwara, Kamakura , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- d Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Komakado, Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
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Designing a Novel Multi-epitope DNA- Based Vaccine Against Tuberculosis: In Silico Approach. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.43950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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47
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Collar AL, Clarke EC, Anaya E, Merrill D, Yarborough S, Anthony SM, Kuhn JH, Merle C, Theisen M, Bradfute SB. Comparison of N- and O-linked glycosylation patterns of ebolavirus glycoproteins. Virology 2016; 502:39-47. [PMID: 27984785 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ebolaviruses are emerging pathogens that cause severe and often fatal viral hemorrhagic fevers. Four distinct ebolaviruses are known to cause Ebola virus disease in humans. The ebolavirus envelope glycoprotein (GP1,2) is heavily glycosylated, but the precise glycosylation patterns of ebolaviruses are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that approximately 50 different N-glycan structures are present in GP1,2 derived from the four pathogenic ebolaviruses, including high mannose, hybrid, and bi-, tri-, and tetra-antennary complex glycans with and without fucose and sialic acid. The overall N-glycan composition is similar between the different ebolavirus GP1,2s. In contrast, the amount and type of O-glycan structures varies widely between ebolavirus GP1,2s. Notably, this O-glycan dissimilarity is also present between two variants of Ebola virus, the original Yambuku variant and the Makona variant responsible for the most recent Western African epidemic. The data presented here should serve as the foundation for future ebolaviral entry and immunogenicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Collar
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Clarke
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Eduardo Anaya
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Denise Merrill
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sarah Yarborough
- Undergraduate Pipeline Network, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Scott M Anthony
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Steven B Bradfute
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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A design space exploration for control of Critical Quality Attributes of mAb. Int J Pharm 2016; 512:242-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Development of a liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry method for the quantitation of viral envelope glycoprotein in Ebola virus-like particle vaccine preparations. Clin Proteomics 2016; 13:18. [PMID: 27597813 PMCID: PMC5011338 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-016-9119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ebola virus like particles (EBOV VLPs, eVLPs), are produced by expressing the viral transmembrane glycoprotein (GP) and structural matrix protein VP40 in mammalian cells. When expressed, these proteins self-assemble and bud from ‘host’ cells displaying morphology similar to infectious virions. Several studies have shown that rodents and non-human primates vaccinated with eVLPs are protected from lethal EBOV challenge. The mucin-like domain of envelope glycoprotein GP1 serves as the major target for a productive humoral immune response. Therefore GP1 concentration is a critical quality attribute of EBOV vaccines and accurate measurement of the amount of GP1 present in eVLP lots is crucial to understanding variability in vaccine efficacy. Methods After production, eVLPs are characterized by determining total protein concentration and by western blotting, which only provides semi-quantitative information for GP1. Therefore, a liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) approach for accurately measuring GP1 concentration in eVLPs was developed. The method employs an isotope dilution strategy using four target peptides from two regions of the GP1 protein. Purified recombinant GP1 was generated to serve as an assay standard. GP1 quantitation in 5 eVLP lots was performed on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite and the final quantitation was derived by comparing the relative response of 200 fmol AQUA peptide standards to the analyte response at 4 ppm. Results Conditions were optimized to ensure complete tryptic digestion of eVLP, however, persistent missed cleavages were observed in target peptides. Additionally, N-terminal truncated forms of the GP1 protein were observed in all eVLP lots, making peptide selection crucial. The LC-HRMS strategy resulted in quantitation of GP1 with a lower limit of quantitation of 1 fmol and an average percent coefficient of variation (CV) of 7.6 %. Unlike western blot values, the LC-HRMS quantitation of GP1 in 5 eVLP vaccine lots exhibited a strong linear relationship (positive correlation) with survival (after EBOV challenge) in mice. Conclusions This method provides a means to rapidly determine eVLP batch quality based upon quantitation of antigenic GP1. By monitoring variability in GP1 content, the eVLP production process can be optimized, and the total amount of GP1 needed to confer protection accurately determined. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12014-016-9119-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Human Survivors of Disease Outbreaks Caused by Ebola or Marburg Virus Exhibit Cross-Reactive and Long-Lived Antibody Responses. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2016; 23:717-24. [PMID: 27335383 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00107-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of serological immune responses to Ebola and Marburg virus infections will facilitate the development of effective diagnostic methods, therapeutics, and vaccines. We examined antibodies from Ebola or Marburg survivors 1 to 14 years after recovery from disease, by using a microarray that displayed recombinant nucleoprotein (NP), viral protein 40 (VP40), envelope glycoprotein (GP), and inactivated whole virions from six species of filoviruses. All three outbreak cohorts exhibited significant antibody responses to antigens from the original infecting species and a pattern of additional filoviruses that varied by outbreak. NP was the most cross-reactive antigen, while GP was the most specific. Antibodies from survivors of infections by Marburg marburgvirus (MARV) species were least cross-reactive, while those from survivors of infections by Sudan virus (SUDV) species exhibited the highest cross-reactivity. Based on results revealed by the protein microarray, persistent levels of antibodies to GP, NP, and VP40 were maintained for up to 14 years after infection, and survival of infection caused by one species imparted cross-reactive antibody responses to other filoviruses.
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