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Sanchez-Felipe L, Alpizar YA, Ma J, Coelmont L, Dallmeier K. YF17D-based vaccines - standing on the shoulders of a giant. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2250133. [PMID: 38571392 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine (YF17D) was developed in the 1930s as the first ever empirically derived human vaccine. Ninety years later, it is still a benchmark for vaccines made today. YF17D triggers a particularly broad and polyfunctional response engaging multiple arms of innate, humoral and cellular immunity. This unique immunogenicity translates into an extraordinary vaccine efficacy and outstanding longevity of protection, possibly by single-dose immunization. More recently, progress in molecular virology and synthetic biology allowed engineering of YF17D as a powerful vector and promising platform for the development of novel recombinant live vaccines, including two licensed vaccines against Japanese encephalitis and dengue, even in paediatric use. Likewise, numerous chimeric and transgenic preclinical candidates have been described. These include prophylactic vaccines against emerging viral infections (e.g. Lassa, Zika and SARS-CoV-2) and parasitic diseases (e.g. malaria), as well as therapeutic applications targeting persistent infections (e.g. HIV and chronic hepatitis), and cancer. Efforts to overcome historical safety concerns and manufacturing challenges are ongoing and pave the way for wider use of YF17D-based vaccines. In this review, we summarize recent insights regarding YF17D as vaccine platform, and how YF17D-based vaccines may complement as well as differentiate from other emerging modalities in response to unmet medical needs and for pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Sanchez-Felipe
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yeranddy A Alpizar
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ji Ma
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Coelmont
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
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2
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Kuznetsova N, Siniavin A, Butenko A, Larichev V, Kozlova A, Usachev E, Nikiforova M, Usacheva O, Shchetinin A, Pochtovyi A, Shidlovskaya E, Odintsova A, Belyaeva E, Voskoboinikov A, Bessonova A, Vasilchenko L, Karganova G, Zlobin V, Logunov D, Gushchin V, Gintsburg A. Development and characterization of chimera of yellow fever virus vaccine strain and Tick-Borne encephalitis virus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284823. [PMID: 37163522 PMCID: PMC10171666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most threatening pathogens which affects the human central nervous system (CNS). TBEV circulates widely in Northern Eurasia. According to ECDC, the number of TBE cases increase annually. There is no specific treatment for the TBEV infection, thus vaccination is the main preventive measure. Despite the existence of several inactivated vaccines currently being licensed, the development of new TBEV vaccines remains a leading priority in countries endemic to this pathogen. Here we report new recombinant virus made by infectious subgenomic amplicon (ISA) approach using TBEV and yellow fever virus vaccine strain (YF17DD-UN) as a genetic backbone. The recombinant virus is capable of effective replication in mammalian cells and induce TBEV-neutralizing antibodies in mice. Unlike the original vector based on the yellow fever vaccine strain, chimeric virus became neuroinvasive in doses of 107-106 PFU and can be used as a model of flavivirus neuroinvasiveness, neurotropism and neurovirulence. These properties of hybrid structures are the main factors limiting their practical use as vaccines platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei Siniavin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Neuroimmune Signalling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Butenko
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Larichev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina Kozlova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Usachev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Nikiforova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Usacheva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Shchetinin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei Pochtovyi
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Shidlovskaya
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina Odintsova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Belyaeva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksander Voskoboinikov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arina Bessonova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Vasilchenko
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Karganova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Zlobin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Logunov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Gushchin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Gintsburg
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Infectiology and Virology, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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3
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Li LH, Liesenborghs L, Wang L, Lox M, Yakass MB, Jansen S, Rosales Rosas AL, Zhang X, Thibaut HJ, Teuwen D, Neyts J, Delang L, Dallmeier K. Biodistribution and environmental safety of a live-attenuated YF17D-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:215-224. [PMID: 35313504 PMCID: PMC8925082 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
New platforms are needed for the design of novel prophylactic vaccines and advanced immune therapies. Live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine YF17D serves as a vector for several licensed vaccines and platform for novel candidates. On the basis of YF17D, we developed an exceptionally potent COVID-19 vaccine candidate called YF-S0. However, use of such live RNA viruses raises safety concerns, such as adverse events linked to original YF17D (yellow fever vaccine-associated neurotropic disease [YEL-AND] and yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease [YEL-AVD]). In this study, we investigated the biodistribution and shedding of YF-S0 in hamsters. Likewise, we introduced hamsters deficient in signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) signaling as a new preclinical model of YEL-AND/AVD. Compared with YF17D, YF-S0 showed improved safety with limited dissemination to brain and visceral tissues, absent or low viremia, and no shedding of infectious virus. Considering that yellow fever virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, any inadvertent exposure to the live recombinant vector via mosquito bites is to be excluded. The transmission risk of YF-S0 was hence compared with readily transmitting YF-Asibi strain and non-transmitting YF17D vaccine, with no evidence for productive infection of mosquitoes. The overall favorable safety profile of YF-S0 is expected to translate to other vaccines based on the same YF17D platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsin Li
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurens Liesenborghs
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Outbreak Research Team, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lanjiao Wang
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Mosquito Virology Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marleen Lox
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Bright Yakass
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,University of Ghana, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, the West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Legon, Accra 1181, Ghana
| | - Sander Jansen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Lucia Rosales Rosas
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Mosquito Virology Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xin Zhang
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Jan Thibaut
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Translational Platform Virology and Chemotherapy (TPVC), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Teuwen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Delang
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Mosquito Virology Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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4
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Oreshkova N, Myeni SK, Mishra N, Albulescu IC, Dalebout TJ, Snijder EJ, Bredenbeek PJ, Dallmeier K, Kikkert M. A Yellow Fever 17D Virus Replicon-Based Vaccine Platform for Emerging Coronaviruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1492. [PMID: 34960238 PMCID: PMC8704410 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The tremendous global impact of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, as well as other current and recent outbreaks of (re)emerging viruses, emphasize the need for fast-track development of effective vaccines. Yellow fever virus 17D (YF17D) is a live-attenuated virus vaccine with an impressive efficacy record in humans, and therefore, it is a very attractive platform for the development of novel chimeric vaccines against various pathogens. In the present study, we generated a YF17D-based replicon vaccine platform by replacing the prM and E surface proteins of YF17D with antigenic subdomains from the spike (S) proteins of three different betacoronaviruses: MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and MHV. The prM and E proteins were provided in trans for the packaging of these RNA replicons into single-round infectious particles capable of expressing coronavirus antigens in infected cells. YF17D replicon particles expressing the S1 regions of the MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV spike proteins were immunogenic in mice and elicited (neutralizing) antibody responses against both the YF17D vector and the coronavirus inserts. Thus, YF17D replicon-based vaccines, and their potential DNA- or mRNA-based derivatives, may constitute a promising and particularly safe vaccine platform for current and future emerging coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Oreshkova
- Center of Infectious Diseases LU-CID, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.O.); (S.K.M.); (I.C.A.); (T.J.D.); (E.J.S.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Sebenzile K. Myeni
- Center of Infectious Diseases LU-CID, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.O.); (S.K.M.); (I.C.A.); (T.J.D.); (E.J.S.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Niraj Mishra
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (N.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Irina C. Albulescu
- Center of Infectious Diseases LU-CID, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.O.); (S.K.M.); (I.C.A.); (T.J.D.); (E.J.S.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Tim J. Dalebout
- Center of Infectious Diseases LU-CID, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.O.); (S.K.M.); (I.C.A.); (T.J.D.); (E.J.S.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Eric J. Snijder
- Center of Infectious Diseases LU-CID, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.O.); (S.K.M.); (I.C.A.); (T.J.D.); (E.J.S.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Peter J. Bredenbeek
- Center of Infectious Diseases LU-CID, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.O.); (S.K.M.); (I.C.A.); (T.J.D.); (E.J.S.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (N.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Marjolein Kikkert
- Center of Infectious Diseases LU-CID, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.O.); (S.K.M.); (I.C.A.); (T.J.D.); (E.J.S.); (P.J.B.)
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5
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Hansen CA, Barrett ADT. The Present and Future of Yellow Fever Vaccines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090891. [PMID: 34577591 PMCID: PMC8468696 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The disease yellow fever (YF) is prevented by a live-attenuated vaccine, termed 17D, which has been in use since the 1930s. One dose of the vaccine is thought to give lifelong (35+ years) protective immunity, and neutralizing antibodies are the correlate of protection. Despite being a vaccine-preventable disease, YF remains a major public health burden, causing an estimated 109,000 severe infections and 51,000 deaths annually. There are issues of supply and demand for the vaccine, and outbreaks in 2016 and 2018 resulted in fractional dosing of the vaccine to meet demand. The World Health Organization (WHO) has established the “Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics” (EYE) initiative to reduce the burden of YF over the next 10 years. As with most vaccines, the WHO has recommendations to assure the quality, safety, and efficacy of the YF vaccine. These require the use of live 17D vaccine only produced in embryonated chicken eggs, and safety evaluated in non-human primates only. Thus, any second-generation vaccines would require modification of WHO recommendations if they were to be used in endemic countries. There are multiple second-generation YF vaccine candidates in various stages of development that must be shown to be non-inferior to the current 17D vaccine in terms of safety and immunogenicity to progress through clinical trials to potential licensing. The historic 17D vaccine continues to shape the global vaccine landscape in its use in the generation of multiple licensed recombinant chimeric live vaccines and vaccine candidates, in which its structural protein genes are replaced with those of other viruses, such as dengue and Japanese encephalitis. There is no doubt that the YF 17D live-attenuated vaccine will continue to play a role in the development of new vaccines for YF, as well as potentially for many other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clairissa A. Hansen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-4036, USA;
| | - Alan D. T. Barrett
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-4036, USA;
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-4036, USA
- Correspondence:
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Araujo SC, Pereira LR, Alves RPS, Andreata-Santos R, Kanno AI, Ferreira LCS, Gonçalves VM. Anti-Flavivirus Vaccines: Review of the Present Situation and Perspectives of Subunit Vaccines Produced in Escherichia coli. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030492. [PMID: 32878023 PMCID: PMC7564369 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to review the present status of anti-flavivirus subunit vaccines, both those at the experimental stage and those already available for clinical use. Aspects regarding development of vaccines to Yellow Fever virus, (YFV), Dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are highlighted, with particular emphasis on purified recombinant proteins generated in bacterial cells. Currently licensed anti-flavivirus vaccines are based on inactivated, attenuated, or virus-vector vaccines. However, technological advances in the generation of recombinant antigens with preserved structural and immunological determinants reveal new possibilities for the development of recombinant protein-based vaccine formulations for clinical testing. Furthermore, novel proposals for multi-epitope vaccines and the discovery of new adjuvants and delivery systems that enhance and/or modulate immune responses can pave the way for the development of successful subunit vaccines. Nonetheless, advances in this field require high investments that will probably not raise interest from private pharmaceutical companies and, therefore, will require support by international philanthropic organizations and governments of the countries more severely stricken by these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio C. Araujo
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo–SP 05503-900, Brazil; (S.C.A.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Lennon R. Pereira
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo–SP 05508-000, Brazil; (L.R.P.); (R.P.S.A.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Rubens P. S. Alves
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo–SP 05508-000, Brazil; (L.R.P.); (R.P.S.A.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Robert Andreata-Santos
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo–SP 05508-000, Brazil; (L.R.P.); (R.P.S.A.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Alex I. Kanno
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo–SP 05503-900, Brazil; (S.C.A.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Luis Carlos S. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo–SP 05508-000, Brazil; (L.R.P.); (R.P.S.A.); (R.A.-S.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.S.F.); (V.M.G.)
| | - Viviane M. Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo–SP 05503-900, Brazil; (S.C.A.); (A.I.K.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.S.F.); (V.M.G.)
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7
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Wu HL, Weber WC, Shriver-Munsch C, Swanson T, Northrup M, Price H, Armantrout K, Robertson-LeVay M, Reed JS, Bateman KB, Mahyari E, Thomas A, Junell SL, Hobbs TR, Martin LD, MacAllister R, Bimber BN, Slifka MK, Legasse AW, Moats C, Axthelm MK, Smedley J, Lewis AD, Colgin L, Meyers G, Maziarz RT, Burwitz BJ, Stanton JJ, Sacha JB. Viral opportunistic infections in Mauritian cynomolgus macaques undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation mirror human transplant infectious disease complications. Xenotransplantation 2020; 27:e12578. [PMID: 31930750 PMCID: PMC7354885 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and xenotransplantation are accompanied by viral reactivations and virus-associated complications resulting from immune deficiency. Here, in a Mauritian cynomolgus macaque model of fully MHC-matched allogeneic HSCT, we report reactivations of cynomolgus polyomavirus, lymphocryptovirus, and cytomegalovirus, macaque viruses analogous to HSCT-associated human counterparts BK virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human cytomegalovirus. Viral replication in recipient macaques resulted in characteristic disease manifestations observed in HSCT patients, such as polyomavirus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis and tubulointerstitial nephritis or lymphocryptovirus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. However, in most cases, the reconstituted immune system, alone or in combination with short-term pharmacological intervention, exerted control over viral replication, suggesting engraftment of functional donor-derived immunity. Indeed, the donor-derived reconstituted immune systems of two long-term engrafted HSCT recipient macaques responded to live attenuated yellow fever 17D vaccine (YFV 17D) indistinguishably from untransplanted controls, mounting 17D-targeted neutralizing antibody responses and clearing YFV 17D within 14 days. Together, these data demonstrate that this macaque model of allogeneic HSCT recapitulates clinical situations of opportunistic viral infections in transplant patients and provides a pre-clinical model to test novel prophylactic and therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L. Wu
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Whitney C. Weber
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | | | - Tonya Swanson
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Mina Northrup
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Heidi Price
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Kimberly Armantrout
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | | | - Jason S. Reed
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Katherine B. Bateman
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Eisa Mahyari
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Archana Thomas
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Stephanie L. Junell
- Divison of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health
| | - Theodore R. Hobbs
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Lauren D. Martin
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Rhonda MacAllister
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Benjamin N. Bimber
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Mark K. Slifka
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Alfred W. Legasse
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Cassandra Moats
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Michael K. Axthelm
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Jeremy Smedley
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Anne D. Lewis
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Lois Colgin
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Gabrielle Meyers
- Divison of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Richard T. Maziarz
- Divison of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Benjamin J. Burwitz
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Jeffrey J. Stanton
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Jonah B. Sacha
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR
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8
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Yu JS, Liao HX, Pritchett J, Bowman C, Vivian C, Parks R, Xia SM, Cooper M, Williams WB, Bonsignori M, Reed SG, Chen M, Vandergrift N, Rice CM, Haynes BF. Development of a recombinant yellow fever vector expressing a HIV clade C founder envelope gp120. J Virol Methods 2017; 249:85-93. [PMID: 28837840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Development of a HIV-1 vaccine is a major global priority. The yellow fever virus (YFV) attenuated vaccine 17D is among the most effective of currently used vaccines. However, the stability of the YFV17D vector when carrying non-flavivirus genes has been problematic. We have constructed and expressed HIV-1 Env in YFV17D with either single transmembrane (STM) or double transmembrane (DTM) YFV E protein domains for the development of anti-HIV antibodies. Here we describe modifications of the YFV17D vector such that HIV-1 Env gp120 is expressed in up to 5 passages in Vero cells. Immunization with recombinant YFV17D vector prime followed by HIV-1 CH505 TF gp120 protein boosts were able to induce neutralizing antibodies for a HIV-1 tier 1 isolate in mice. This modified YFV vector may be a starting point for constructing HIV-1 vaccine candidate priming vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Yu
- Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
| | - Hua-Xin Liao
- Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Jamie Pritchett
- Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Cindy Bowman
- Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Callie Vivian
- Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Robert Parks
- Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Shi-Mao Xia
- Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Melissa Cooper
- Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Wilton B Williams
- Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Mattia Bonsignori
- Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Steven G Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, United States
| | - Meng Chen
- Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Nathan Vandergrift
- Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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9
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Virnik K, Nesti E, Dail C, Hockenbury M, Ni Y, Felber BK, Schief WR, Berkower I. Expression of complete SIV p27 Gag and HIV gp120 engineered outer domains targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies in live rubella vectors. Vaccine 2017; 35:3272-3278. [PMID: 28483193 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Infection with HIV or SIV often elicits a potent immune response to viral antigens. This includes T cells and antibodies specific for Gag and Env antigens. In contrast, when given as a vaccine, the same antigens have been weak immunogens, unable to elicit antibodies with comparable titer, durability, or neutralizing activity. We have used the live attenuated rubella vaccine strain RA27/3 as a viral vector to express HIV and SIV antigens. By mimicking an HIV infection, these vectors could elicit stronger and more durable immunity to HIV antigens. The vectors are based on the licensed rubella vaccine strain, which has demonstrated safety and potency in millions of children. One or two doses protect for life against rubella infection. The question was whether rubella vectors could similarly enhance the immunogenicity of a foreign vaccine insert. We have previously reported that rubella vectors can express small protein antigens in vitro and in vivo, where they elicit a strong immune response to the vaccine insert. The vectors have now expressed larger vaccine inserts that include epitope-rich fragments of the Gag matrix and capsid proteins (aa 41-211) or the complete p27 capsid protein with p2 (aa 136-381). These vectors have elicited a robust and durable immune response to Gag in rhesus macaques. This size range also encompasses the engineered outer domain (eOD) of HIV envelope gp120 (172 amino acids). The rubella/eOD-GT6 and GT8 vectors stably expressed glycoproteins that bind germline precursors and mature forms of VRC01-class broadly neutralizing antibodies. These vectors potentially could be used as part of a sequential immunization strategy to initiate the production of broadly neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Virnik
- Lab of Immunoregulation, DVP, Office of Vaccines, Center for Biologics, FDA, Bldg 72, Room 1212, White Oak Campus, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Edmund Nesti
- Lab of Immunoregulation, DVP, Office of Vaccines, Center for Biologics, FDA, Bldg 72, Room 1212, White Oak Campus, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Cody Dail
- Lab of Immunoregulation, DVP, Office of Vaccines, Center for Biologics, FDA, Bldg 72, Room 1212, White Oak Campus, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Max Hockenbury
- Lab of Immunoregulation, DVP, Office of Vaccines, Center for Biologics, FDA, Bldg 72, Room 1212, White Oak Campus, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Yisheng Ni
- Lab of Immunoregulation, DVP, Office of Vaccines, Center for Biologics, FDA, Bldg 72, Room 1212, White Oak Campus, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Barbara K Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, NCI Frederick, Bldg 535, Room 209, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - William R Schief
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ira Berkower
- Lab of Immunoregulation, DVP, Office of Vaccines, Center for Biologics, FDA, Bldg 72, Room 1212, White Oak Campus, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
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10
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Watson AM, Klimstra WB. T Cell-Mediated Immunity towards Yellow Fever Virus and Useful Animal Models. Viruses 2017; 9:E77. [PMID: 28398253 PMCID: PMC5408683 DOI: 10.3390/v9040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The 17D line of yellow fever virus vaccines is among the most effective vaccines ever created. The humoral and cellular immunity elicited by 17D has been well characterized in humans. Neutralizing antibodies have long been known to provide protection against challenge with a wild-type virus. However, a well characterized T cell immune response that is robust, long-lived and polyfunctional is also elicited by 17D. It remains unclear whether this arm of immunity is protective following challenge with a wild-type virus. Here we introduce the 17D line of yellow fever virus vaccines, describe the current state of knowledge regarding the immunity directed towards the vaccines in humans and conclude with a discussion of animal models that are useful for evaluating T cell-mediated immune protection to yellow fever virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Watson
- Center for Vaccine Research, Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - William B Klimstra
- Center for Vaccine Research, Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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11
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Wu X, Shi Y, Yan D, Li X, Yan P, Gao X, Zhang Y, Yu L, Ren C, Li G, Yan L, Teng Q, Li Z. Development of a PCR-Based Reverse Genetics System for an Attenuated Duck Tembusu Virus Strain. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156579. [PMID: 27248497 PMCID: PMC4889061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The infectious disease caused by the duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) has resulted in massive economic losses to the Chinese duck industry in China since 2010. Research on the molecular basis of DTMUV pathogenicity has been hampered by the lack of a reliable reverse genetics system for this virus. Here we developed a PCR-based reverse genetics system with high fidelity for the attenuated DTMUV strain FX2010-180P. The rescued virus was characterized by using both indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) and whole genome sequencing. The rescued virus (rFX2010-180P) grew to similar titers as compared with the wild-type virus in DF-1 cells, and had similar replication and immunogenicity properties in ducks. To determine whether exogenous proteins could be expressed from DTMUV, both an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) and the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene were introduced between the NS5 gene and the 3' non-coding sequence of FX2010-180P. A recombinant DTMUV expressing eGFP was rescued, but eGFP expression was unstable after 4 passages in DF-1 cells due to a deletion of 1,294 nucleotides. The establishment of a reliable reverse genetics system for FX2010-180P provides a foundation for future studies of DTMUV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Wu
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, and Innovation Team for Pathogen Ecology Research on Animal Influenza Virus, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, and Innovation Team for Pathogen Ecology Research on Animal Influenza Virus, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Yan
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, and Innovation Team for Pathogen Ecology Research on Animal Influenza Virus, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, and Innovation Team for Pathogen Ecology Research on Animal Influenza Virus, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Pixi Yan
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, and Innovation Team for Pathogen Ecology Research on Animal Influenza Virus, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyuan Gao
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, and Innovation Team for Pathogen Ecology Research on Animal Influenza Virus, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuee Zhang
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, and Innovation Team for Pathogen Ecology Research on Animal Influenza Virus, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, and Innovation Team for Pathogen Ecology Research on Animal Influenza Virus, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaochao Ren
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, and Innovation Team for Pathogen Ecology Research on Animal Influenza Virus, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, and Innovation Team for Pathogen Ecology Research on Animal Influenza Virus, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Yan
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, and Innovation Team for Pathogen Ecology Research on Animal Influenza Virus, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyang Teng
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, and Innovation Team for Pathogen Ecology Research on Animal Influenza Virus, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Zejun Li
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, and Innovation Team for Pathogen Ecology Research on Animal Influenza Virus, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Martins MA, Tully DC, Cruz MA, Power KA, Veloso de Santana MG, Bean DJ, Ogilvie CB, Gadgil R, Lima NS, Magnani DM, Ejima K, Allison DB, Piatak M, Altman JD, Parks CL, Rakasz EG, Capuano S, Galler R, Bonaldo MC, Lifson JD, Allen TM, Watkins DI. Vaccine-Induced Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Responses Focused on a Single Nef Epitope Select for Escape Variants Shortly after Infection. J Virol 2015; 89:10802-20. [PMID: 26292326 PMCID: PMC4621113 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01440-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Certain major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) alleles (e.g., HLA-B*27) are enriched among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals who suppress viremia without treatment (termed "elite controllers" [ECs]). Likewise, Mamu-B*08 expression also predisposes rhesus macaques to control simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication. Given the similarities between Mamu-B*08 and HLA-B*27, SIV-infected Mamu-B*08(+) animals provide a model to investigate HLA-B*27-mediated elite control. We have recently shown that vaccination with three immunodominant Mamu-B*08-restricted epitopes (Vif RL8, Vif RL9, and Nef RL10) increased the incidence of elite control in Mamu-B*08(+) macaques after challenge with the pathogenic SIVmac239 clone. Furthermore, a correlate analysis revealed that CD8(+) T cells targeting Nef RL10 was correlated with improved outcome. Interestingly, this epitope is conserved between SIV and HIV-1 and exhibits a delayed and atypical escape pattern. These features led us to postulate that a monotypic vaccine-induced Nef RL10-specific CD8(+) T-cell response would facilitate the development of elite control in Mamu-B*08(+) animals following repeated intrarectal challenges with SIVmac239. To test this, we vaccinated Mamu-B*08(+) animals with nef inserts in which Nef RL10 was either left intact (group 1) or disrupted by mutations (group 2). Although monkeys in both groups mounted Nef-specific cellular responses, only those in group 1 developed Nef RL10-specific CD8(+) T cells. These vaccine-induced effector memory CD8(+) T cells did not prevent infection. Escape variants emerged rapidly in the group 1 vaccinees, and ultimately, the numbers of ECs were similar in groups 1 and 2. High-frequency vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells focused on a single conserved epitope and therefore did not prevent infection or increase the incidence of elite control in Mamu-B*08(+) macaques. IMPORTANCE Since elite control of chronic-phase viremia is a classic example of an effective immune response against HIV/SIV, elucidating the basis of this phenomenon may provide useful insights into how to elicit such responses by vaccination. We have previously established that vaccine-induced CD8(+) T-cell responses against three immunodominant epitopes can increase the incidence of elite control in SIV-infected Mamu-B*08(+) rhesus macaques—a model of HLA-B*27-mediated elite control. Here, we investigated whether a monotypic vaccine-induced CD8(+) T-cell response targeting the conserved "late-escaping" Nef RL10 epitope can increase the incidence of elite control in Mamu-B*08(+) monkeys. Surprisingly, vaccine-induced Nef RL10-specific CD8(+) T cells selected for variants within days after infection and, ultimately, did not facilitate the development of elite control. Elite control is, therefore, likely to involve CD8(+) T-cell responses against more than one epitope. Together, these results underscore the complexity and multidimensional nature of virologic control of lentivirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damien C Tully
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael A Cruz
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Karen A Power
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - David J Bean
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Colin B Ogilvie
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rujuta Gadgil
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Noemia S Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diogo M Magnani
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Keisuke Ejima
- Section on Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David B Allison
- Section on Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael Piatak
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - John D Altman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher L Parks
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, AIDS Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory, Brooklyn Army Terminal, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Eva G Rakasz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Saverio Capuano
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ricardo Galler
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Myrna C Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Todd M Allen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David I Watkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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13
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Abstract
Yellow fever 17D vaccine is one of the oldest live-attenuated vaccines in current use that is recognized historically for its immunogenic and safe properties. These unique properties of 17D are presently exploited in rationally designed recombinant vaccines targeting not only flaviviral antigens but also other pathogens of public health concern. Several candidate vaccines based on 17D have advanced to human trials, and a chimeric recombinant Japanese encephalitis vaccine utilizing the 17D backbone has been licensed. The mechanism(s) of attenuation for 17D are poorly understood; however, recent insights from large in silico studies have indicated particular host genetic determinants contributing to the immune response to the vaccine, which presumably influences the considerable durability of protection, now in many cases considered to be lifelong. The very rare occurrence of severe adverse events for 17D is discussed, including a recent fatal case of vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Beck
- a 1 Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX 77555-0609, USA
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14
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Transient global T cell activation after vaccination of rhesus macaques with a DNA-poxvirus vaccine regimen for HIV. Vaccine 2015; 33:3435-9. [PMID: 26055294 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Persistent T cell activation following immunization with HIV vaccines may increase HIV acquisition risk. We investigated the magnitude and kinetics of T cell activation following vaccination of rhesus macaques with a candidate HIV vaccine consisting of a recombinant DNA and MVA vaccination regimen. We show that global CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation, as measured by the expression of Ki67 and Bcl-2, peaked one week after boosting with MVA, but then waned rapidly to pre-vaccination levels. Furthermore, increased frequencies of CD4+ CCR5+ T cells, which represent potential HIV target cells, were short-lived and decreased to baseline levels within two months. Activated CD4+ T cells were predominantly of a central memory phenotype, and activated CD8+ T cells were distributed between central and effector memory phenotypes. Thus, only transient changes in T cell activation occurred following poxvirus vaccination, indicating a lack of persistent immune activation.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
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16
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Rosati M, Alicea C, Kulkarni V, Virnik K, Hockenbury M, Sardesai NY, Pavlakis GN, Valentin A, Berkower I, Felber BK. Recombinant rubella vectors elicit SIV Gag-specific T cell responses with cytotoxic potential in rhesus macaques. Vaccine 2015; 33:2167-74. [PMID: 25802183 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Live-attenuated rubella vaccine strain RA27/3 has been demonstrated to be safe and immunogenic in millions of children. The vaccine strain was used to insert SIV gag sequences and the resulting rubella vectors were tested in rhesus macaques alone and together with SIV gag DNA in different vaccine prime-boost combinations. We previously reported that such rubella vectors induce robust and durable SIV-specific humoral immune responses in macaques. Here, we report that recombinant rubella vectors elicit robust de novo SIV-specific cellular immune responses detectable for >10 months even after a single vaccination. The antigen-specific responses induced by the rubella vector include central and effector memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells with cytotoxic potential. Rubella vectors can be administered repeatedly even after vaccination with the rubella vaccine strain RA27/3. Vaccine regimens including rubella vector and SIV gag DNA in different prime-boost combinations resulted in robust long-lasting cellular responses with significant increase of cellular responses upon boost. Rubella vectors provide a potent platform for inducing HIV-specific immunity that can be combined with DNA in a prime-boost regimen to elicit durable cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Candido Alicea
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Viraj Kulkarni
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Konstantin Virnik
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines, Center for Biologics, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Max Hockenbury
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines, Center for Biologics, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - George N Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Antonio Valentin
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ira Berkower
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines, Center for Biologics, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Barbara K Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.
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17
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Bassi MR, Kongsgaard M, Steffensen MA, Fenger C, Rasmussen M, Skjødt K, Finsen B, Stryhn A, Buus S, Christensen JP, Thomsen AR. CD8+ T cells complement antibodies in protecting against yellow fever virus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:1141-53. [PMID: 25539816 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The attenuated yellow fever (YF) vaccine (YF-17D) was developed in the 1930s, yet little is known about the protective mechanisms underlying its efficiency. In this study, we analyzed the relative contribution of cell-mediated and humoral immunity to the vaccine-induced protection in a murine model of YF-17D infection. Using different strains of knockout mice, we found that CD4(+) T cells, B cells, and Abs are required for full clinical protection of vaccinated mice, whereas CD8(+) T cells are dispensable for long-term survival after intracerebral challenge. However, by analyzing the immune response inside the infected CNS, we observed an accelerated T cell influx into the brain after intracerebral challenge of vaccinated mice, and this T cell recruitment correlated with improved virus control in the brain. Using mice deficient in B cells we found that, in the absence of Abs, YF vaccination can still induce some antiviral protection, and in vivo depletion of CD8(+) T cells from these animals revealed a pivotal role for CD8(+) T cells in controlling virus replication in the absence of a humoral response. Finally, we demonstrated that effector CD8(+) T cells also contribute to viral control in the presence of circulating YF-specific Abs. To our knowledge, this is the first time that YF-specific CD8(+) T cells have been demonstrated to possess antiviral activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Bassi
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Michael Kongsgaard
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Maria A Steffensen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Christina Fenger
- Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark; and
| | - Michael Rasmussen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Karsten Skjødt
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Bente Finsen
- Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark; and
| | - Anette Stryhn
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Søren Buus
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jan P Christensen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Allan R Thomsen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark;
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18
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Ondondo BO. The influence of delivery vectors on HIV vaccine efficacy. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:439. [PMID: 25202303 PMCID: PMC4141443 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of an effective HIV/AIDS vaccine remains a big challenge, largely due to the enormous HIV diversity which propels immune escape. Thus novel vaccine strategies are targeting multiple variants of conserved antibody and T cell epitopic regions which would incur a huge fitness cost to the virus in the event of mutational escape. Besides immunogen design, the delivery modality is critical for vaccine potency and efficacy, and should be carefully selected in order to not only maximize transgene expression, but to also enhance the immuno-stimulatory potential to activate innate and adaptive immune systems. To date, five HIV vaccine candidates have been evaluated for efficacy and protection from acquisition was only achieved in a small proportion of vaccinees in the RV144 study which used a canarypox vector for delivery. Conversely, in the STEP study (HVTN 502) where human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) was used, strong immune responses were induced but vaccination was more associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition than protection in vaccinees with pre-existing Ad5 immunity. The possibility that pre-existing immunity to a highly promising delivery vector may alter the natural course of HIV to increase acquisition risk is quite worrisome and a huge setback for HIV vaccine development. Thus, HIV vaccine development efforts are now geared toward delivery platforms which attain superior immunogenicity while concurrently limiting potential catastrophic effects likely to arise from pre-existing immunity or vector-related immuno-modulation. However, it still remains unclear whether it is poor immunogenicity of HIV antigens or substandard immunological potency of the safer delivery vectors that has limited the success of HIV vaccines. This article discusses some of the promising delivery vectors to be harnessed for improved HIV vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice O Ondondo
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
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Muyanja E, Ssemaganda A, Ngauv P, Cubas R, Perrin H, Srinivasan D, Canderan G, Lawson B, Kopycinski J, Graham AS, Rowe DK, Smith MJ, Isern S, Michael S, Silvestri G, Vanderford TH, Castro E, Pantaleo G, Singer J, Gillmour J, Kiwanuka N, Nanvubya A, Schmidt C, Birungi J, Cox J, Haddad EK, Kaleebu P, Fast P, Sekaly RP, Trautmann L, Gaucher D. Immune activation alters cellular and humoral responses to yellow fever 17D vaccine. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3147-58. [PMID: 24911151 DOI: 10.1172/jci75429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defining the parameters that modulate vaccine responses in African populations will be imperative to design effective vaccines for protection against HIV, malaria, tuberculosis, and dengue virus infections. This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of the patient-specific immune microenvironment to the response to the licensed yellow fever vaccine 17D (YF-17D) in an African cohort. METHODS We compared responses to YF-17D in 50 volunteers in Entebbe, Uganda, and 50 volunteers in Lausanne, Switzerland. We measured the CD8+ T cell and B cell responses induced by YF-17D and correlated them with immune parameters analyzed by flow cytometry prior to vaccination. RESULTS We showed that YF-17D-induced CD8+ T cell and B cell responses were substantially lower in immunized individuals from Entebbe compared with immunized individuals from Lausanne. The impaired vaccine response in the Entebbe cohort associated with reduced YF-17D replication. Prior to vaccination, we observed higher frequencies of exhausted and activated NK cells, differentiated T and B cell subsets and proinflammatory monocytes, suggesting an activated immune microenvironment in the Entebbe volunteers. Interestingly, activation of CD8+ T cells and B cells as well as proinflammatory monocytes at baseline negatively correlated with YF-17D-neutralizing antibody titers after vaccination. Additionally, memory T and B cell responses in preimmunized volunteers exhibited reduced persistence in the Entebbe cohort but were boosted by a second vaccination. CONCLUSION Together, these results demonstrate that an activated immune microenvironment prior to vaccination impedes efficacy of the YF-17D vaccine in an African cohort and suggest that vaccine regimens may need to be boosted in African populations to achieve efficient immunity. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registration is not required for observational studies. FUNDING This study was funded by Canada's Global Health Research Initiative, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and United States Agency for International Development.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To briefly describe some of the replication-competent vectors being investigated for development of candidate HIV vaccines focusing primarily on technologies that have advanced to testing in macaques or have entered clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS Replication-competent viral vectors have advanced to the stage at which decisions can be made regarding the future development of HIV vaccines. The viruses being used as replication-competent vector platforms vary considerably, and their unique attributes make it possible to test multiple vaccine design concepts and also mimic various aspects of an HIV infection. Replication-competent viral vectors encoding simian immunodeficiency virus or HIV proteins can be used to safely immunize macaques, and in some cases, there is evidence of significant vaccine efficacy in challenge protection studies. Several live HIV vaccine vectors are in clinical trials to evaluate immunogenicity, safety, the effect of mucosal delivery, and potential effects of preexisting immunity. SUMMARY A variety of DNA and RNA viruses are being used to develop replication-competent viral vectors for HIV vaccine delivery. Multiple viral vector platforms have proven to be well tolerated and immunogenic with evidence of efficacy in macaques. Some of the more advanced HIV vaccine prototypes based on vesicular stomatitis virus, vaccinia virus, measles virus, and Sendai virus are in clinical trials.
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21
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Bonaldo MC, Sequeira PC, Galler R. The yellow fever 17D virus as a platform for new live attenuated vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:1256-65. [PMID: 24553128 DOI: 10.4161/hv.28117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The live-attenuated yellow fever 17D virus is one of the most outstanding human vaccines ever developed. It induces efficacious immune responses at a low production cost with a well-established manufacture process. These advantages make the YF17D virus attractive as a vector for the development of new vaccines. At the beginning of vector development studies, YF17D was genetically manipulated to express other flavivirus prM and E proteins, components of the viral envelope. While these 17D recombinants are based on the substitution of equivalent YF17D genes, other antigens from unrelated pathogens have also been successfully expressed and delivered by recombinant YF17D viruses employing alternative strategies for genetic manipulation of the YF17D genome. Herein, we discuss these strategies in terms of possibilities of single epitope or larger sequence expression and the main properties of these replication-competent viral platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna C Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, IOC, Fiocruz; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia C Sequeira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, IOC, Fiocruz; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Galler
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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22
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de Santana MGV, Neves PCC, dos Santos JR, Lima NS, dos Santos AAC, Watkins DI, Galler R, Bonaldo MC. Improved genetic stability of recombinant yellow fever 17D virus expressing a lentiviral Gag gene fragment. Virology 2014; 452-453:202-11. [PMID: 24606697 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have previously designed a method to construct viable recombinant Yellow Fever (YF) 17D viruses expressing heterologous polypeptides including part of the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Gag protein. However, the expressed region, encompassing amino acid residues from 45 to 269, was genetically unstable. In this study, we improved the genetic stability of this recombinant YF 17D virus by introducing mutations in the IRES element localized at the 5' end of the SIV gag gene. The new stable recombinant virus elicited adaptive immune responses similar to those induced by the original recombinant virus. It is, therefore, possible to increase recombinant stability by removing functional motifs from the insert that may have deleterious effects on recombinant YF viral fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon G Veloso de Santana
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Patrícia C C Neves
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ribeiro dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Noemia S Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A C dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - David I Watkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Galler
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Myrna C Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Neves PCC, Santos JR, Tubarão LN, Bonaldo MC, Galler R. Early IFN-gamma production after YF 17D vaccine virus immunization in mice and its association with adaptive immune responses. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81953. [PMID: 24324734 PMCID: PMC3855709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow Fever vaccine is one of the most efficacious human vaccines ever made. The vaccine (YF 17D) virus induces polyvalent immune responses, with a mixed TH1/TH2 CD4(+) cell profile, which results in robust T CD8(+) responses and high titers of neutralizing antibody. In recent years, it has been suggested that early events after yellow fever vaccination are crucial to the development of adequate acquired immunity. We have previously shown that primary immunization of humans and monkeys with YF 17D virus vaccine resulted in the early synthesis of IFN-γ. Herein we have demonstrated, for the first time that early IFN-γ production after yellow fever vaccination is a feature also of murine infection and is much more pronounced in the C57BL/6 strain compared to the BALB/c strain. Likewise, in C57BL/6 strain, we have observed the highest CD8(+) T cells responses as well as higher titers of neutralizing antibodies and total anti-YF IgG. Regardless of this intense IFN-γ response in mice, it was not possible to see higher titers of IgG2a in relation to IgG1 in both mice lineages. However, IgG2a titers were positively correlated to neutralizing antibodies levels, pointing to an important role of IFN-γ in eliciting high quality responses against YF 17D, therefore influencing the immunogenicity of this vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia C. C. Neves
- Vice-diretoria de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana R. Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana N. Tubarão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Myrna C. Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Galler
- Vice-diretoria de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Figueiredo S, Charmeteau B, Surenaud M, Salmon D, Launay O, Guillet JG, Hosmalin A, Gahery H. Memory CD8(+) T cells elicited by HIV-1 lipopeptide vaccines display similar phenotypic profiles but differences in term of magnitude and multifunctionality compared with FLU- or EBV-specific memory T cells in humans. Vaccine 2013; 32:492-501. [PMID: 24291199 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation marker, multifunctionality and magnitude analyses of specific-CD8(+) memory T cells are crucial to improve development of HIV vaccines designed to generate cell-mediated immunity. Therefore, we fully characterized the HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell responses induced in volunteers vaccinated with HIV lipopeptide vaccines for phenotypic markers, tetramer staining, cytokine secretion, and cytotoxic activities. The frequency of ex vivo CD8(+) T cells elicited by lipopeptide vaccines is very rare and central-memory phenotype and functions of these cells were been shown to be important in AIDS immunity. So, we expanded them using specific peptides to compare the memory T cell responses induced in volunteers by HIV vaccines with responses to influenza (FLU) or Epstein Barr virus (EBV). By analyzing the differentiation state of IFN-γ-secreting CD8(+) T cells, we found a CCR7(-)CD45RA(-)CD28(+int)/CD28(-) profile (>85%) belonging to a subset of intermediate-differentiated effector T cells for HIV, FLU, and EBV. We then assessed the quality of the response by measuring various T cell functions. The percentage of single IFN-γ T cell producers in response to HIV was 62% of the total of secreting T cells compared with 35% for FLU and EBV, dual and triple (IFN-γ/IL-2/CD107a) T cell producers could also be detected but at lower levels (8% compared with 37%). Finally, HIV-specific T cells secreted IFN-γ and TNF-α, but not the dual combination like FLU- and EBV-specific T cells. Thus, we found that the functional profile and magnitude of expanded HIV-specific CD8(+) T precursors were more limited than those of to FLU- and EBV-specific CD8(+) T cells. These data show that CD8(+) T cells induced by these HIV vaccines have a similar differentiation profile to FLU and EBV CD8(+) T cells, but that the vaccine potency to induce multifunctional T cells needs to be increased in order to improve vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Figueiredo
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France; Univ Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Benedicte Charmeteau
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France; Univ Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Surenaud
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France; Univ Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Salmon
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Odile Launay
- Inserm CIC BT505, CIC de Vaccinologie Cochin Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Gérard Guillet
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France; Univ Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anne Hosmalin
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Hanne Gahery
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France; Univ Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale, INSERM U976, Saint-Louis Hospital, Skin Research Center, 75010 Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratory of Immunology, Dermatology & Oncology, UMR-S 976, 75010 Paris, France.
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Virnik K, Hockenbury M, Ni Y, Beren J, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK, Berkower I. Live attenuated rubella vectors expressing SIV and HIV vaccine antigens replicate and elicit durable immune responses in rhesus macaques. Retrovirology 2013; 10:99. [PMID: 24041113 PMCID: PMC3849444 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Live attenuated viruses are among our most potent and effective vaccines. For human immunodeficiency virus, however, a live attenuated strain could present substantial safety concerns. We have used the live attenuated rubella vaccine strain RA27/3 as a vector to express SIV and HIV vaccine antigens because its safety and immunogenicity have been demonstrated in millions of children. One dose protects for life against rubella infection. In previous studies, rubella vectors replicated to high titers in cell culture while stably expressing SIV and HIV antigens. Their viability in vivo, however, as well as immunogenicity and antibody persistence, were unknown. Results This paper reports the first successful trial of rubella vectors in rhesus macaques, in combination with DNA vaccines in a prime and boost strategy. The vectors grew robustly in vivo, and the protein inserts were highly immunogenic. Antibody titers elicited by the SIV Gag vector were greater than or equal to those elicited by natural SIV infection. The antibodies were long lasting, and they were boosted by a second dose of replication-competent rubella vectors given six months later, indicating the induction of memory B cells. Conclusions Rubella vectors can serve as a vaccine platform for safe delivery and expression of SIV and HIV antigens. By presenting these antigens in the context of an acute infection, at a high level and for a prolonged duration, these vectors can stimulate a strong and persistent immune response, including maturation of memory B cells. Rhesus macaques will provide an ideal animal model for demonstrating immunogenicity of novel vectors and protection against SIV or SHIV challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Virnik
- Lab of Immunoregulation, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines, Center for Biologics, FDA, NIH Campus, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Trindade GF, Santana MGVD, Santos JRD, Galler R, Bonaldo MC. Retention of a recombinant GFP protein expressed by the yellow fever 17D virus in the E/NS1 intergenic region in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 107:262-72. [PMID: 22415267 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The flaviviral envelope proteins, E protein and precursor membrane protein, are mainly associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through two transmembrane (TM) domains that are exposed to the luminal face of this compartment. Their retention is associated with the viral assembly process. ER-retrieval motifs were mapped at the carboxy terminus of these envelope proteins. A recombinant yellow fever (YF) 17D virus expressing the reporter green fluorescent protein (GFP) with the stem-anchor (SA) region of E protein fused to its carboxy terminus was subjected to distinct genetic mutations in the SA sequence to investigate their effect on ER retention. Initially, we introduced progressive deletions of the stem elements (H1, CS and H2). In a second set of mutants, the effect of a length increase for the first TM anchor region was evaluated either by replacing it with the longer TM of human LAMP-1 or by the insertion of the VALLLVA sequence into its carboxy terminus. We did not detect any effect on the GFP localisation in the cell, which remained associated with the ER. Further studies should be undertaken to elucidate the causes of the ER retention of recombinant proteins expressed at the intergenic E/NS1 region of the YF 17D virus polyprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Freitas Trindade
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Recombinant yellow fever viruses elicit CD8+ T cell responses and protective immunity against Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59347. [PMID: 23527169 PMCID: PMC3601986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas’ disease is a major public health problem affecting nearly 10 million in Latin America. Despite several experimental vaccines have shown to be immunogenic and protective in mouse models, there is not a current vaccine being licensed for humans or in clinical trial against T. cruzi infection. Towards this goal, we used the backbone of Yellow Fever (YF) 17D virus, one of the most effective and well-established human vaccines, to express an immunogenic fragment derived from T. cruzi Amastigote Surface Protein 2 (ASP-2). The cDNA sequence of an ASP-2 fragment was inserted between E and NS1 genes of YF 17D virus through the construction of a recombinant heterologous cassette. The replication ability and genetic stability of recombinant YF virus (YF17D/ENS1/Tc) was confirmed for at least six passages in Vero cells. Immunogenicity studies showed that YF17D/ENS1/Tc virus elicited neutralizing antibodies and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) producing-cells against the YF virus. Also, it was able to prime a CD8+ T cell directed against the transgenic T. cruzi epitope (TEWETGQI) which expanded significantly as measured by T cell-specific production of IFN-γ before and after T. cruzi challenge. However, most important for the purposes of vaccine development was the fact that a more efficient protective response could be seen in mice challenged after vaccination with the YF viral formulation consisting of YF17D/ENS1/Tc and a YF17D recombinant virus expressing the TEWETGQI epitope at the NS2B-3 junction. The superior protective immunity observed might be due to an earlier priming of epitope-specific IFN-γ-producing T CD8+ cells induced by vaccination with this viral formulation. Our results suggest that the use of viral formulations consisting of a mixture of recombinant YF 17D viruses may be a promising strategy to elicit protective immune responses against pathogens, in general.
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Virnik K, Ni Y, Berkower I. Enhanced expression of HIV and SIV vaccine antigens in the structural gene region of live attenuated rubella viral vectors and their incorporation into virions. Vaccine 2013; 31:2119-25. [PMID: 23474312 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite the urgent need for an HIV vaccine, its development has been hindered by virus variability, weak immunogenicity of conserved epitopes, and limited durability of the immune response. For other viruses, difficulties with immunogenicity were overcome by developing live attenuated vaccine strains. However, there is no reliable method of attenuation for HIV, and an attenuated strain would risk reversion to wild type. We have developed rubella viral vectors, based on the live attenuated vaccine strain RA27/3, which are capable of expressing important HIV and SIV vaccine antigens. The rubella vaccine strain has demonstrated safety, immunogenicity, and long lasting protection in millions of children. Rubella vectors combine the growth and immunogenicity of live rubella vaccine with the antigenicity of HIV or SIV inserts. This is the first report showing that live attenuated rubella vectors can stably express HIV and SIV vaccine antigens at an insertion site located within the structural gene region. Unlike the Not I site described previously, the new site accommodates a broader range of vaccine antigens without interfering with essential viral functions. In addition, antigens expressed at the structural site were controlled by the strong subgenomic promoter, resulting in higher levels and longer duration of antigen expression. The inserts were expressed as part of the structural polyprotein, processed to free antigen, and incorporated into rubella virions. The rubella vaccine strain readily infects rhesus macaques, and these animals will be the model of choice for testing vector growth in vivo and immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Virnik
- Lab of Immunoregulation, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines, Center for Biologics, FDA, Bldg 29, Room 523, NIH Campus, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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Zhang W, Li X, Lin Y, Tian D. Identification of three H-2Kd restricted CTL epitopes of NS4A and NS4B protein from Yellow fever 17D vaccine. J Virol Methods 2013; 187:304-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Trivalent live attenuated influenza-simian immunodeficiency virus vaccines: efficacy and evolution of cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape in macaques. J Virol 2013; 87:4146-60. [PMID: 23345519 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02645-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine that induces robust mucosal immunity. CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) apply substantial antiviral pressure, but CTLs to individual epitopes select for immune escape variants in both HIV in humans and SIV in macaques. Inducing multiple simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CTLs may assist in controlling viremia. We vaccinated 10 Mane-A1*08401(+) female pigtail macaques with recombinant influenza viruses expressing three Mane-A1*08401-restricted SIV-specific CTL epitopes and subsequently challenged the animals, along with five controls, intravaginally with SIV(mac251). Seroconversion to the influenza virus vector resulted and small, but detectable, SIV-specific CTL responses were induced. There was a boost in CTL responses after challenge but no protection from high-level viremia or CD4 depletion was observed. All three CTL epitopes underwent a coordinated pattern of immune escape during early SIV infection. CTL escape was more rapid in the vaccinees than in the controls at the more dominant CTL epitopes. Although CTL escape can incur a "fitness" cost to the virus, a putative compensatory mutation 20 amino acids upstream from an immunodominant Gag CTL epitope also evolved soon after the primary CTL escape mutation. We conclude that vaccines based only on CTL epitopes will likely be undermined by rapid evolution of both CTL escape and compensatory mutations. More potent and possibly broader immune responses may be required to protect pigtail macaques from SIV.
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Martins MA, Bonaldo MC, Rudersdorf RA, Piaskowski SM, Rakasz EG, Weisgrau KL, Furlott JR, Eernisse CM, Veloso de Santana MG, Hidalgo B, Friedrich TC, Chiuchiolo MJ, Parks CL, Wilson NA, Allison DB, Galler R, Watkins DI. Immunogenicity of seven new recombinant yellow fever viruses 17D expressing fragments of SIVmac239 Gag, Nef, and Vif in Indian rhesus macaques. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54434. [PMID: 23336000 PMCID: PMC3545953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective vaccine remains the best solution to stop the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Cellular immune responses have been repeatedly associated with control of viral replication and thus may be an important element of the immune response that must be evoked by an efficacious vaccine. Recombinant viral vectors can induce potent T-cell responses. Although several viral vectors have been developed to deliver HIV genes, only a few have been advanced for clinical trials. The live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine virus 17D (YF17D) has many properties that make it an attractive vector for AIDS vaccine regimens. YF17D is well tolerated in humans and vaccination induces robust T-cell responses that persist for years. Additionally, methods to manipulate the YF17D genome have been established, enabling the generation of recombinant (r)YF17D vectors carrying genes from unrelated pathogens. Here, we report the generation of seven new rYF17D viruses expressing fragments of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)mac239 Gag, Nef, and Vif. Studies in Indian rhesus macaques demonstrated that these live-attenuated vectors replicated in vivo, but only elicited low levels of SIV-specific cellular responses. Boosting with recombinant Adenovirus type-5 (rAd5) vectors resulted in robust expansion of SIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses, particularly those targeting Vif. Priming with rYF17D also increased the frequency of CD4+ cellular responses in rYF17D/rAd5-immunized macaques compared to animals that received rAd5 only. The effect of the rYF17D prime on the breadth of SIV-specific T-cell responses was limited and we also found evidence that some rYF17D vectors were more effective than others at priming SIV-specific T-cell responses. Together, our data suggest that YF17D – a clinically relevant vaccine vector – can be used to prime AIDS virus-specific T-cell responses in heterologous prime boost regimens. However, it will be important to optimize rYF17D-based vaccine regimens to ensure maximum delivery of all immunogens in a multivalent vaccine.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines/genetics
- AIDS Vaccines/immunology
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Gene Order
- Gene Products, gag/genetics
- Gene Products, gag/immunology
- Gene Products, nef/genetics
- Gene Products, nef/immunology
- Gene Products, vif/genetics
- Gene Products, vif/immunology
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Humans
- Immunization
- Immunization, Secondary
- Kinetics
- Macaca mulatta
- Male
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Virus Replication
- Yellow fever virus/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio A. Martins
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Myrna C. Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Richard A. Rudersdorf
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shari M. Piaskowski
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Eva G. Rakasz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kim L. Weisgrau
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jessica R. Furlott
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Eernisse
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | - Bertha Hidalgo
- Section on Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Maria J. Chiuchiolo
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, AIDS Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory, Brooklyn Army Terminal, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher L. Parks
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, AIDS Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory, Brooklyn Army Terminal, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Nancy A. Wilson
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - David B. Allison
- Section on Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Galler
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - David I. Watkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lukashevich IS. Advanced vaccine candidates for Lassa fever. Viruses 2012; 4:2514-57. [PMID: 23202493 PMCID: PMC3509661 DOI: 10.3390/v4112514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is the most prominent human pathogen of the Arenaviridae. The virus is transmitted to humans by a rodent reservoir, Mastomys natalensis, and is capable of causing lethal Lassa Fever (LF). LASV has the highest human impact of any of the viral hemorrhagic fevers (with the exception of Dengue Fever) with an estimated several hundred thousand infections annually, resulting in thousands of deaths in Western Africa. The sizeable disease burden, numerous imported cases of LF in non-endemic countries, and the possibility that LASV can be used as an agent of biological warfare make a strong case for vaccine development. Presently there is no licensed vaccine against LF or approved treatment. Recently, several promising vaccine candidates have been developed which can potentially target different groups at risk. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the LASV pathogenesis and immune mechanisms involved in protection. The current status of pre-clinical development of the advanced vaccine candidates that have been tested in non-human primates will be discussed. Major scientific, manufacturing, and regulatory challenges will also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor S Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
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Vaccine-induced CD8+ T cells control AIDS virus replication. Nature 2012; 491:129-33. [PMID: 23023123 DOI: 10.1038/nature11443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Developing a vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be aided by a complete understanding of those rare cases in which some HIV-infected individuals control replication of the virus. Most of these elite controllers express the histocompatibility alleles HLA-B*57 or HLA-B*27 (ref. 3). These alleles remain by far the most robust associations with low concentrations of plasma virus, yet the mechanism of control in these individuals is not entirely clear. Here we vaccinate Indian rhesus macaques that express Mamu-B*08, an animal model for HLA-B*27-mediated elite control, with three Mamu-B*08-restricted CD8(+) T-cell epitopes, and demonstrate that these vaccinated animals control replication of the highly pathogenic clonal simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) mac239 virus. High frequencies of CD8(+) T cells against these Vif and Nef epitopes in the blood, lymph nodes and colon were associated with viral control. Moreover, the frequency of the CD8(+) T-cell response against the Nef RL10 epitope (Nef amino acids 137-146) correlated significantly with reduced acute phase viraemia. Finally, two of the eight vaccinees lost control of viral replication in the chronic phase, concomitant with escape in all three targeted epitopes, further implicating these three CD8(+) T-cell responses in the control of viral replication. Our findings indicate that narrowly targeted vaccine-induced virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses can control replication of the AIDS virus.
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Virnik K, Ni Y, Berkower I. Live attenuated rubella viral vectors stably express HIV and SIV vaccine antigens while reaching high titers. Vaccine 2012; 30:5453-8. [PMID: 22776214 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Live attenuated viruses make potent and effective vaccines. Despite the urgent need for an HIV vaccine, this approach has not been feasible, since it has not been possible to attenuate the virus reliably and guarantee vaccine safety. Instead, live viral vectors have been proposed that could present HIV vaccine antigens in the most immunogenic way, in the context of an active infection. We have adapted the rubella vaccine strain RA27/3 as a vector to express HIV and SIV antigens, and tested the effect of insert size and composition on vector stability and viral titer. We have identified an acceptor site in the rubella nonstructural gene region, where foreign genes can be expressed as a fusion protein with the nonstructural protein P150 without affecting essential viral functions. The inserts were expressed as early genes of rubella, under control of the rubella genomic promoter. At this site, HIV and SIV antigens were expressed stably for at least seven passages, as the rubella vectors reached high titers. Rubella readily infects rhesus macaques, and these animals will provide an ideal model for testing the new vectors for replication in vivo, immunogenicity, and protection against SIV or SHIV challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Virnik
- Lab of Immunoregulation, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines, Center for Biologics, FDA, NIH Campus, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Babiuk LA, Gerdts V. Future vaccines for a globalized world. Emerg Microbes Infect 2012. [PMID: 26038417 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2012.17r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
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Mladinich KM, Piaskowski SM, Rudersdorf R, Eernisse CM, Weisgrau KL, Martins MA, Furlott JR, Partidos CD, Brewoo JN, Osorio JE, Wilson NA, Rakasz EG, Watkins DI. Dengue virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes target NS1, NS3 and NS5 in infected Indian rhesus macaques. Immunogenetics 2011; 64:111-21. [PMID: 21881953 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-011-0566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Every year, Dengue virus (DENV) infects approximately 100 million people. There are currently several vaccines undergoing clinical studies, but most target the induction of neutralizing antibodies. Unfortunately, DENV infection can be enhanced by subneutralizing levels of antibodies that bind virions and deliver them to cells of the myeloid lineage, thereby increasing viral replication (termed antibody-dependent enhancement [ADE]). T lymphocyte-based vaccines may offer an alternative that avoids ADE. The goal of our study was to describe the cellular immune response generated after primary DENV infection in Indian rhesus macaques. We infected eight rhesus macaques with 10⁵ plaque-forming units (PFU) of DENV serotype 2 (DENV2) New Guinea C (NGC) strain, and monitored viral load and the cellular immune response to the virus. Viral replication peaked at day 4 post-infection and was resolved by day 10. DENV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes targeted nonstructural (NS) 1, NS3 and NS5 proteins after resolution of peak viremia. DENV-specific CD4+ cells expressed interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) along with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β). In comparison, DENV-specific CD8+ cells expressed IFN-γ in addition to MIP-1β and TNF-α and were positive for the degranulation marker CD107a. Interestingly, a fraction of the DENV-specific CD4+ cells also stained for CD107a, suggesting that they might be cytotoxic. Our results provide a more complete understanding of the cellular immune response during DENV infection in rhesus macaques and contribute to the development of rhesus macaques as an animal model for DENV vaccine and pathogenicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Mladinich
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1326 Microbial Sciences, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Vojnov L, Martins MA, Almeida JR, Ende Z, Rakasz EG, Reynolds MR, Leon EJ, Weisgrau KL, Burwitz BJ, Folkvord JM, Veloso de Santana MG, Costa Neves PC, Connick E, Skinner PJ, Gostick E, O'Connor DH, Wilson NA, Bonaldo MC, Galler R, Price DA, Douek DC, Watkins DI. GagCM9-specific CD8+ T cells expressing limited public TCR clonotypes do not suppress SIV replication in vivo. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23515. [PMID: 21887264 PMCID: PMC3162554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that HIV/SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells play a critical role in the control of viral replication. Recently we observed high levels of viremia in Indian rhesus macaques vaccinated with a segment of SIVmac239 Gag (Gag(45-269)) that were subsequently infected with SIVsmE660. These seven Mamu-A*01(+) animals developed CD8(+) T cell responses against an immunodominant epitope in Gag, GagCM9, yet failed to control virus replication. We carried out a series of immunological and virological assays to understand why these Gag-specific CD8(+) T cells could not control virus replication in vivo. GagCM9-specific CD8(+) T cells from all of the animals were multifunctional and were found in the colonic mucosa. Additionally, GagCM9-specific CD8(+) T cells accessed B cell follicles, the primary residence of SIV-infected cells in lymph nodes, with effector to target ratios between 20-250 GagCM9-specific CD8(+) T cells per SIV-producing cell. Interestingly, vaccinated animals had few public TCR clonotypes within the GagCM9-specific CD8(+) T cell population pre- and post-infection. The number of public TCR clonotypes expressed by GagCM9-specific CD8(+) T cells post-infection significantly inversely correlated with chronic phase viral load. It is possible that these seven animals failed to control viral replication because of the narrow TCR repertoire expressed by the GagCM9-specific CD8(+) T cell population elicited by vaccination and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Vojnov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mauricio A. Martins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jorge R. Almeida
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zachary Ende
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eva G. Rakasz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Reynolds
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Enrique J. Leon
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kim L. Weisgrau
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Benjamin J. Burwitz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Joy M. Folkvord
- University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | | | - Patrícia C. Costa Neves
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Connick
- University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Pamela J. Skinner
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Emma Gostick
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - David H. O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nancy A. Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Myrna C. Bonaldo
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Galler
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiologicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - David A. Price
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Danny C. Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David I. Watkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Nogueira RT, Nogueira AR, Pereira MCS, Rodrigues MM, Galler R, Bonaldo MC. Biological and immunological characterization of recombinant Yellow Fever 17D viruses expressing a Trypanosoma cruzi Amastigote Surface Protein-2 CD8+ T cell epitope at two distinct regions of the genome. Virol J 2011; 8:127. [PMID: 21418577 PMCID: PMC3066119 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The attenuated Yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine virus is one of the safest and most effective viral vaccines administered to humans, in which it elicits a polyvalent immune response. Herein, we used the YF 17D backbone to express a Trypanosoma cruzi CD8+ T cell epitope from the Amastigote Surface Protein 2 (ASP-2) to provide further evidence for the potential of this virus to express foreign epitopes. The TEWETGQI CD8+ T cell epitope was cloned and expressed based on two different genomic insertion sites: in the fg loop of the viral Envelope protein and the protease cleavage site between the NS2B and NS3. We investigated whether the site of expression had any influence on immunogenicity of this model epitope. RESULTS Recombinant viruses replicated similarly to vaccine virus YF 17D in cell culture and remained genetically stable after several serial passages in Vero cells. Immunogenicity studies revealed that both recombinant viruses elicited neutralizing antibodies to the YF virus as well as generated an antigen-specific gamma interferon mediated T-cell response in immunized mice. The recombinant viruses displayed a more attenuated phenotype than the YF 17DD vaccine counterpart in mice. Vaccination of a mouse lineage highly susceptible to infection by T. cruzi with a homologous prime-boost regimen of recombinant YF viruses elicited TEWETGQI specific CD8+ T cells which might be correlated with a delay in mouse mortality after a challenge with a lethal dose of T. cruzi. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the YF 17D platform is useful to express T. cruzi (Protozoan) antigens at different functional regions of its genome with minimal reduction of vector fitness. In addition, the model T. cruzi epitope expressed at different regions of the YF 17D genome elicited a similar T cell-based immune response, suggesting that both expression sites are useful. However, the epitope as such is not protective and it remains to be seen whether expression of larger domains of ASP-2, which include the TEWETGQI epitope, will elicit better T-CD8+ responses to the latter. It is likely that additional antigens and recombinant virus formulations will be necessary to generate a protective response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel T Nogueira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Rio de Janeiro, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
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Excler JL, Parks CL, Ackland J, Rees H, Gust ID, Koff WC. Replicating viral vectors as HIV vaccines: summary report from the IAVI-sponsored satellite symposium at the AIDS vaccine 2009 conference. Biologicals 2011; 38:511-21. [PMID: 20537552 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In October 2009, The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) convened a satellite symposium entitled 'Replicating Viral Vectors for use in AIDS Vaccines' at the AIDS Vaccine 2009 Conference in Paris. The purpose of the symposium was to gather together researchers, representatives from regulatory agencies, and vaccine developers to discuss issues related to advancement of replication-competent viral vector- based HIV vaccines into clinical trials. The meeting introduced the rationale for accelerating the development of replicating viral vectors for use as AIDS vaccines. It noted that the EMEA recently published draft guidelines that are an important first step in providing guidance for advancing live viral vectors into clinical development. Presentations included case studies and development challenges for viral vector-based vaccine candidates. These product development challenges included cell substrates used for vaccine manufacturing, the testing needed to assess vaccine safety, conducting clinical trials with live vectors, and assessment of vaccination risk versus benefit. More in depth discussion of risk and benefit highlighted the fact that AIDS vaccine efficacy trials must be conducted in the developing world where HIV incidence is greatest and how inequities in global health dramatically influence the political and social environment in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Excler
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, 110 William Street, 27th Floor, New York, NY 10038-3901, USA
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Jiang X, Dalebout TJ, Bredenbeek PJ, Carrion R, Brasky K, Patterson J, Goicochea M, Bryant J, Salvato MS, Lukashevich IS. Yellow fever 17D-vectored vaccines expressing Lassa virus GP1 and GP2 glycoproteins provide protection against fatal disease in guinea pigs. Vaccine 2011; 29:1248-57. [PMID: 21145373 PMCID: PMC3297484 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Yellow Fever (YF) and Lassa Fever (LF) are two prevalent hemorrhagic fevers co-circulating in West Africa and responsible for thousands of deaths annually. The YF vaccine 17D has been used as a vector for the Lassa virus glycoprotein precursor (LASV-GPC) or their subunits, GP1 (attachment glycoprotein) and GP2 (fusion glycoprotein). Cloning shorter inserts, LASV-GP1 and -GP2, between YF17D E and NS1 genes enhanced genetic stability of recombinant viruses, YF17D/LASV-GP1 and -GP2, in comparison with YF17D/LASV-GPC recombinant. The recombinant viruses were replication competent and properly processed YF proteins and LASV GP antigens in infected cells. YF17D/LASV-GP1 and -GP2 induced specific CD8+ T cell responses in mice and protected strain 13 guinea pigs against fatal LF. Unlike immunization with live attenuated reassortant vaccine ML29, immunization with YF17D/LASV-GP1 and -GP2 did not provide sterilizing immunity. This study demonstrates the feasibility of YF17D-based vaccine to control LF in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Jiang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tim J. Dalebout
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Bredenbeek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Kathleen Brasky
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jean Patterson
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Marco Goicochea
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joseph Bryant
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maria S. Salvato
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Igor S. Lukashevich
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Cobb A, Roberts LK, Palucka AK, Mead H, Montes M, Ranganathan R, Burkeholder S, Finholt JP, Blankenship D, King B, Sloan L, Harrod AC, Lévy Y, Banchereau J. Development of a HIV-1 lipopeptide antigen pulsed therapeutic dendritic cell vaccine. J Immunol Methods 2011; 365:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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CD8+ gamma-delta TCR+ and CD4+ T cells produce IFN-γ at 5-7 days after yellow fever vaccination in Indian rhesus macaques, before the induction of classical antigen-specific T cell responses. Vaccine 2010; 28:8183-8. [PMID: 20939995 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The yellow fever 17D (YF-17D) vaccine is one of the most efficacious vaccines developed to date. Interestingly, vaccination with YF-17D induces IFN-γ production early after vaccination (days 5-7) before the development of classical antigen-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell responses. Here we investigated the cellular source of this early IFN-γ production. At days 5 and 7 post-vaccination activated CD8(+) gamma-delta TCR T cells produced IFN-γ and TNF-α. Activated CD4(+) T cells produced IFN-γ and TNF-α at day 7 post-vaccination. This early IFN-γ production was also induced after vaccination with recombinant YF-17D (rYF-17D), but was not observed after recombinant Adenovirus type 5 (rAd5) vaccination. Early IFN-γ production, therefore, might be an important aspect of yellow fever vaccination.
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Mudd PA, Piaskowski SM, Neves PCC, Rudersdorf R, Kolar HL, Eernisse CM, Weisgrau KL, Veloso de Santana MG, Wilson NA, Bonaldo MC, Galler R, Rakasz EG, Watkins DI. The live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine 17D induces broad and potent T cell responses against several viral proteins in Indian rhesus macaques--implications for recombinant vaccine design. Immunogenetics 2010; 62:593-600. [PMID: 20607226 PMCID: PMC3136048 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-010-0461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The yellow fever vaccine 17D (YF17D) is one of the most effective vaccines. Its wide use and favorable safety profile make it a prime candidate for recombinant vaccines. It is believed that neutralizing antibodies account for a large measure of the protection afforded to YF17D-vaccinated individuals, however cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses have been described in the setting of YF17D vaccination. YF17D is an ssRNA flavivirus that is translated as a full-length polyprotein, several domains of which pass into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The processing and presentation machinery for MHC class I-restricted CTL responses favor cytoplasmic peptides that are transported into the ER by the transporter associated with antigen presentation proteins. In order to inform recombinant vaccine design, we sought to determine if YF17D-induced CTL responses preferentially targeted viral domains that remain within the cytoplasm. We performed whole YF17D proteome mapping of CTL responses in six Indian rhesus macaques vaccinated with YF17D using overlapping YF17D peptides. We found that the ER luminal E protein was the most immunogenic viral protein followed closely by the cytoplasmic NS3 and NS5 proteins. These results suggest that antigen processing and presentation in this model system is not preferentially affected by the subcellular location of the viral proteins that are the source of CTL epitopes. The data also suggest potential immunogenic regions of YF17D that could serve as the focus of recombinant T cell vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Mudd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Shari M. Piaskowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Patricia C. Costa Neves
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Richard Rudersdorf
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Holly L. Kolar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christopher M. Eernisse
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kim L. Weisgrau
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Nancy A. Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Myrna C. Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Galler
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eva G. Rakasz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David I. Watkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Franco D, Li W, Qing F, Stoyanov CT, Moran T, Rice CM, Ho DD. Evaluation of yellow fever virus 17D strain as a new vector for HIV-1 vaccine development. Vaccine 2010; 28:5676-85. [PMID: 20600494 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The failure to develop an effective vaccine against HIV-1 infection has led the research community to seek new ways of raising qualitatively different antibody and cellular immune responses. Towards this goal, we investigated the yellow fever 17D vaccine strain (YF17D), one of the most effective vaccines ever made, as a platform for HIV-1 vaccine development. A test antigen, HIV-1 p24 (clade B consensus), was inserted near the 5' end of YF17D, in frame and upstream of the polyprotein (YF-5'/p24), or between the envelope and the first non-structural protein (YF-E/p24/NS1). In vitro characterization of these recombinants indicated that the gene insert was more stable in the context of YF-E/p24/NS1. This was confirmed in immunogenicity studies in mice. CD8(+) IFN-gamma T-cell responses against p24 were elicited by the YF17D recombinants, as were specific CD4(+) T cells expressing IFN-gamma and IL-2. A balanced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell response was notable, as was the polyfunctionality of the responding cells. Finally, the protective efficacy of the YF17D recombinants, particularly YF-E/p24/NS1, in mice challenged with a vaccinia expressing HIV-1 Gag was demonstrated. These results suggest that YF17D warrants serious consideration as a live-attenuated vector for HIV-1 vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Franco
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, 455 First Ave., 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
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