1
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Longo Y, Mascaraque SM, Andreacchio G, Werner J, Katahira I, De Marchi E, Pegoraro A, Lebbink RJ, Köhrer K, Petzsch P, Tao R, Di Virgilio F, Adinolfi E, Drexler I. The purinergic receptor P2X7 as a modulator of viral vector-mediated antigen cross-presentation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360140. [PMID: 38711513 PMCID: PMC11070468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA) is a safe vaccine vector inducing long- lasting and potent immune responses. MVA-mediated CD8+T cell responses are optimally induced, if both, direct- and cross-presentation of viral or recombinant antigens by dendritic cells are contributing. Methods To improve the adaptive immune responses, we investigated the role of the purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2RX7) in MVA-infected feeder cells as a modulator of cross-presentation by non-infected dendritic cells. The infected feeder cells serve as source of antigen and provide signals that help to attract dendritic cells for antigen take up and to license these cells for cross-presentation. Results We demonstrate that presence of an active P2RX7 in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (MHCI) mismatched feeder cells significantly enhanced MVA-mediated antigen cross-presentation. This was partly regulated by P2RX7-specific processes, such as the increased availability of extracellular particles as well as the altered cellular energy metabolism by mitochondria in the feeder cells. Furthermore, functional P2RX7 in feeder cells resulted in a delayed but also prolonged antigen expression after infection. Discussion We conclude that a combination of the above mentioned P2RX7-depending processes leads to significantly increased T cell activation via cross- presentation of MVA-derived antigens. To this day, P2RX7 has been mostly investigated in regards to neuroinflammatory diseases and cancer progression. However, we report for the first time the crucial role of P2RX7 for antigen- specific T cell immunity in a viral infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Longo
- Institute of Virology, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsselorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Julia Werner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine II, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ichiro Katahira
- Institute of Molecular Medicine II, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elena De Marchi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Pegoraro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Robert Jan Lebbink
- Institute of Infection Immunity, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Petzsch
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ronny Tao
- Institute of Virology, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsselorf, Germany
| | | | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ingo Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsselorf, Germany
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2
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Sarango G, Richetta C, Pereira M, Kumari A, Ghosh M, Bertrand L, Pionneau C, Le Gall M, Grégoire S, Jeger‐Madiot R, Rosoy E, Subra F, Delelis O, Faure M, Esclatine A, Graff‐Dubois S, Stevanović S, Manoury B, Ramirez BC, Moris A. The Autophagy Receptor TAX1BP1 (T6BP) improves antigen presentation by MHC-II molecules. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55470. [PMID: 36215666 PMCID: PMC9724678 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T lymphocytes play a major role in the establishment and maintenance of immunity. They are activated by antigenic peptides derived from extracellular or newly synthesized (endogenous) proteins presented by the MHC-II molecules. The pathways leading to endogenous MHC-II presentation remain poorly characterized. We demonstrate here that the autophagy receptor, T6BP, influences both autophagy-dependent and -independent endogenous presentation of HIV- and HCMV-derived peptides. By studying the immunopeptidome of MHC-II molecules, we show that T6BP affects both the quantity and quality of peptides presented. T6BP silencing induces the mislocalization of the MHC-II-loading compartments and rapid degradation of the invariant chain (CD74) without altering the expression and internalization kinetics of MHC-II molecules. Defining the interactome of T6BP, we identify calnexin as a T6BP partner. We show that the calnexin cytosolic tail is required for this interaction. Remarkably, calnexin silencing replicates the functional consequences of T6BP silencing: decreased CD4+ T cell activation and exacerbated CD74 degradation. Altogether, we unravel T6BP as a key player of the MHC-II-restricted endogenous presentation pathway, and we propose one potential mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Sarango
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance,Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance
| | - Clémence Richetta
- Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance,LBPA, ENS‐Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR8113Université Paris SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Mathias Pereira
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance,Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance
| | - Anita Kumari
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance,Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance
| | - Michael Ghosh
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell BiologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Lisa Bertrand
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance,Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance
| | - Cédric Pionneau
- Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, UMS Production et Analyse de Données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé, PASS, Plateforme Post‐génomique de la Pitié SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Morgane Le Gall
- 3P5 proteom'IC facilityUniversité de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS‐UMR 8104ParisFrance
| | - Sylvie Grégoire
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance,Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance
| | - Raphaël Jeger‐Madiot
- Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance,Present address:
Sorbonne Université, INSERM U959, Immunology‐Immunopathology‐Immunotherapy (i3)ParisFrance
| | - Elina Rosoy
- Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance
| | - Frédéric Subra
- LBPA, ENS‐Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR8113Université Paris SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Olivier Delelis
- LBPA, ENS‐Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR8113Université Paris SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Mathias Faure
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de LyonLyonFrance,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Audrey Esclatine
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Stéphanie Graff‐Dubois
- Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance,Present address:
Sorbonne Université, INSERM U959, Immunology‐Immunopathology‐Immunotherapy (i3)ParisFrance
| | - Stefan Stevanović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell BiologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Bénédicte Manoury
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151‐CNRS UMR 8253, Faculté de médecine NeckerUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Bertha Cecilia Ramirez
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance,Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance
| | - Arnaud Moris
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance,Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections (CIMI‐Paris)ParisFrance
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3
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Pant A, Yao X, Lavedrine A, Viret C, Dockterman J, Chauhan S, Chong-Shan Shi, Manjithaya R, Cadwell K, Kufer TA, Kehrl JH, Coers J, Sibley LD, Faure M, Taylor GA, Chauhan S. Interactions of Autophagy and the Immune System in Health and Diseases. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2022; 1:438-515. [PMID: 37425656 PMCID: PMC10327624 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2022.2119743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved process that utilizes lysosomes to selectively degrade a variety of intracellular cargo, thus providing quality control over cellular components and maintaining cellular regulatory functions. Autophagy is triggered by multiple stimuli ranging from nutrient starvation to microbial infection. Autophagy extensively shapes and modulates the inflammatory response, the concerted action of immune cells, and secreted mediators aimed to eradicate a microbial infection or to heal sterile tissue damage. Here, we first review how autophagy affects innate immune signaling, cell-autonomous immune defense, and adaptive immunity. Then, we discuss the role of non-canonical autophagy in microbial infections and inflammation. Finally, we review how crosstalk between autophagy and inflammation influences infectious, metabolic, and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Pant
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Aude Lavedrine
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Christophe Viret
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Jake Dockterman
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Swati Chauhan
- Cell biology and Infectious diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Chong-Shan Shi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - John H. Kehrl
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - L. David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University Sch. Med., St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mathias Faure
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Gregory A Taylor
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University Sch. Med., St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Health Care Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Santosh Chauhan
- Cell biology and Infectious diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- CSIR–Centre For Cellular And Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, Telangana
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4
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A prime-boost combination of a three-protein cocktail and multiepitopic MVA as a vaccine against Babesia bigemina elicits neutralizing antibodies and a Th1 cellular immune response in mice. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2022; 13:101991. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Addison MM, Ellis GI, Leslie GJ, Zawadzky NB, Riley JL, Hoxie JA, Eisenlohr LC. HIV-1-Infected CD4 + T Cells Present MHC Class II-Restricted Epitope via Endogenous Processing. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:864-873. [PMID: 36130133 PMCID: PMC9512365 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cells (TCD4+s) play a critical role in controlling HIV-1 infection. Canonically, TCD4+s are activated by peptides derived from extracellular ("exogenous") Ags displayed in complex with MHC class II (MHC II) molecules on the surfaces of "professional" APCs such as dendritic cells (DCs). In contrast, activated human TCD4+s, which express MHC II, are not typically considered for their APC potential because of their low endocytic capacity and the exogenous Ag systems historically used for assessment. Using primary TCD4+s and monocyte-derived DCs from healthy donors, we show that activated human TCD4+s are highly effective at MHC II-restricted presentation of an immunodominant HIV-1-derived epitope postinfection and subsequent noncanonical processing and presentation of endogenously produced Ag. Our results indicate that, in addition to marshalling HIV-1-specific immune responses during infection, TCD4+s also act as APCs, leading to the activation of HIV-1-specific TCD4+s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M. Addison
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Gavin I. Ellis
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - George J. Leslie
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Noah B. Zawadzky
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - James L. Riley
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - James A. Hoxie
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Laurence C. Eisenlohr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
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6
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He YQ, Qiao YL, Xu S, Jiao WE, Yang R, Kong YG, Tao ZZ, Chen SM. Allergen induces CD11c+ dendritic cell autophagy to aggravate allergic rhinitis through promoting immune imbalance. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Anna F, Lopez J, Moncoq F, Blanc C, Authié P, Noirat A, Fert I, Souque P, Nevo F, Pawlik A, Hardy D, Goyard S, Hudrisier D, Brosch R, Guinet F, Neyrolles O, Charneau P, Majlessi L. A lentiviral vector expressing a dendritic cell-targeting multimer induces mucosal anti-mycobacterial CD4 + T-cell immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1389-1404. [PMID: 36104497 PMCID: PMC9473479 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Most viral vectors, including the potently immunogenic lentiviral vectors (LVs), only poorly direct antigens to the MHC-II endosomal pathway and elicit CD4+ T cells. We developed a new generation of LVs encoding antigen-bearing monomers of collectins substituted at their C-terminal domain with the CD40 ligand ectodomain to target and activate antigen-presenting cells. Host cells transduced with such optimized LVs secreted soluble collectin-antigen polymers with the potential to be endocytosed in vivo and reach the MHC-II pathway. In the murine tuberculosis model, such LVs induced efficient MHC-II antigenic presentation and triggered both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells at the systemic and mucosal levels. They also conferred a significant booster effect, consistent with the importance of CD4+ T cells for protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Given the pivotal role of CD4+ T cells in orchestrating innate and adaptive immunity, this strategy could have a broad range of applications in the vaccinology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Anna
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Jodie Lopez
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Fanny Moncoq
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Blanc
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Authié
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Amandine Noirat
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Ingrid Fert
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Souque
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Fabien Nevo
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Pawlik
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics Unit, CNRS UMR 3525, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - David Hardy
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Histopathology Platform, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Goyard
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Platform for Innovation and Development of Diagnostic Tests, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Denis Hudrisier
- grid.508721.9Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Roland Brosch
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics Unit, CNRS UMR 3525, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Guinet
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Neyrolles
- grid.508721.9Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Charneau
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
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8
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Daian e Silva DSDO, da Fonseca FG. The Rise of Vectored Vaccines: A Legacy of the COVID-19 Global Crisis. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1101. [PMID: 34696209 PMCID: PMC8538930 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic represents a milestone in vaccine research and development in a global context. A worldwide effort, as never seen before, involved scientists from all over the world in favor of the fast, accurate and precise construction and testing of immunogens against the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Among all the vaccine strategies put into play for study and validation, those based on recombinant viral vectors gained special attention due to their effectiveness, ease of production and the amplitude of the triggered immune responses. Some of these new vaccines have already been approved for emergency/full use, while others are still in pre- and clinical trials. In this article we will highlight what is behind adeno-associated vectors, such as those presented by the immunogens ChaAdOx1, Sputnik, Convidecia (CanSino, Tianjin, China), and Janssen (Johnson & Johnson, New Jersey, EUA), in addition to other promising platforms such as Vaccinia virus MVA, influenza virus, and measles virus, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Soares de Oliveira Daian e Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Flávio Guimarães da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
- CT Vacinas, BH-TEC Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31310-260, Brazil
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9
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Lacorcia M, Bhattacharjee S, Laubhahn K, Alhamdan F, Ram M, Muschaweckh A, Potaczek DP, Kosinska A, Garn H, Protzer U, Renz H, Prazeres da Costa C. Fetomaternal immune cross talk modifies T-cell priming through sustained changes to DC function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:843-857.e6. [PMID: 33684437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to infections can modify immune development. These environmental disturbances during early life potentially alter the incidence of inflammatory disorders as well as priming of immune responses. Infection with the helminth Schistosoma mansoni is widely studied for its ability to alter immune responsiveness and is associated with variations in coinfection, allergy, and vaccine efficacy in endemic populations. OBJECTIVE Exposure to maternal schistosomiasis during early life, even without transmission of infection, can result in priming effects on offspring immune responses to bystander antigenic challenges as related to allergic responsiveness and vaccination, with this article seeking to further clarify the effects and underlying immunologic imprinting. METHODS Here, we have combined a model of chronic maternal schistosomiasis infection with a thorough analysis of subsequent offspring immune responses to allergy and vaccination models, including viral challenge and steady-state changes to immune cell compartments. RESULTS We have demonstrated that maternal schistosomiasis alters CD4+ responses during allergic sensitization and challenge in a skewed IL-4/B-cell-dominant response to antigenic challenge associated with limited inflammatory response. Beyond that, we have uncovered previously unidentified alterations to CD8+ T-cell responses during immunization that are dependent on vaccine formulation and have functional impact on the efficacy of vaccination against viral infection in a murine hepatitis B virus model. CONCLUSION In addition to steady-state modifications to CD4+ T-cell polarization and B-cell priming, we have traced these modified CD8+ responses to an altered dendritic cell phenotype sustained into adulthood, providing evidence for complex priming effects imparted by infection via fetomaternal cross talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lacorcia
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonakshi Bhattacharjee
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Laubhahn
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Lung Research, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fahd Alhamdan
- Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Translational Inflammation Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marija Ram
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Muschaweckh
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel P Potaczek
- Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Translational Inflammation Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Kosinska
- Institute for Virology Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Garn
- Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Translational Inflammation Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute for Virology Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Translational Inflammation Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Clarissa Prazeres da Costa
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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10
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Zhao J, Hu G, Huang Y, Huang Y, Wei X, Shi J. Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine: A kind of vaccine with great development potential. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Barnowski C, Ciupka G, Tao R, Jin L, Busch DH, Tao S, Drexler I. Efficient Induction of Cytotoxic T Cells by Viral Vector Vaccination Requires STING-Dependent DC Functions. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1458. [PMID: 32765505 PMCID: PMC7381110 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is an attenuated strain of vaccinia virus and currently under investigation as a promising vaccine vector against infectious diseases and cancer. MVA acquired mutations in host range and immunomodulatory genes, rendering the virus deficient for replication in most mammalian cells. MVA has a high safety profile and induces robust immune responses. However, the role of innate immune triggers for the induction of cytotoxic T cell responses after vaccination is incompletely understood. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an adaptor protein which integrates signaling downstream of several DNA sensors and therefore mediates the induction of type I interferons and other cytokines or chemokines in response to various dsDNA viruses. Since the type I interferon response was entirely STING-dependent during MVA infection, we studied the effect of STING on primary and secondary cytotoxic T cell responses and memory T cell formation after MVA vaccination in STING KO mice. Moreover, we analyzed the impact of STING on the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and their functionality as antigen presenting cells for cytotoxic T cells during MVA infection in vitro. Our results show that STING has an impact on the antigen processing and presentation capacity of conventionel DCs and played a crucial role for DC maturation and type I interferon production. Importantly, STING was required for the induction of efficient cytotoxic T cell responses in vivo, since we observed significantly decreased short-lived effector and effector memory T cell responses after priming in STING KO mice. These findings indicate that STING probably integrates innate immune signaling downstream of different DNA sensors in DCs and shapes the cytotoxic T cell response via the DC maturation phenotype which strongly depends on type I interferons in this infection model. Understanding the detailed functions of innate immune triggers during MVA infection will contribute to the optimized design of MVA-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Barnowski
- Institute for Virology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gregor Ciupka
- Institute for Virology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ronny Tao
- Institute for Virology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lei Jin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute of Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sha Tao
- Institute for Virology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingo Drexler
- Institute for Virology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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12
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Koustas E, Sarantis P, Papavassiliou AG, Karamouzis MV. The Resistance Mechanisms of Checkpoint Inhibitors in Solid Tumors. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E666. [PMID: 32344837 PMCID: PMC7277892 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of cancer immunotherapy has already shown some remarkable results, having changed the treatment strategy in clinical practice for solid tumors. Despite these promising long-term responses, patients seem to lack the ability to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors, thus demonstrating a primary resistance to immunotherapy. Moreover, a significant number of patients who initially respond to treatment eventually acquire resistance to immunotherapy. Both resistance mechanisms are a result of a complex interaction among different molecules, pathways, and cellular processes. Several resistance mechanisms, such as tumor microenvironment modification, autophagy, genetic and epigenetic alterations, tumor mutational burden, neo-antigens, and modulation of gut microbiota have already been identified, while more continue to be uncovered. In this review, we discuss the latest milestones in the field of immunotherapy, resistance mechanisms against this type of therapy as well as putative therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Koustas
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (P.S.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Panagiotis Sarantis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (P.S.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (P.S.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Michalis V. Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (P.S.); (A.G.P.)
- First Department of Internal Medicine, ‘Laiko’ General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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13
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Hobbs SJ, Harbour JC, Yates PA, Ortiz D, Landfear SM, Nolz JC. Vaccinia Virus Vectors Targeting Peptides for MHC Class II Presentation to CD4 + T Cells. Immunohorizons 2020; 4:1-13. [PMID: 31896555 PMCID: PMC7380490 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1900070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ helper T cells play important roles in providing help to B cells, macrophages, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, but also exhibit direct effector functions against a variety of different pathogens. In contrast to CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells typically exhibit broader specificities and undergo less clonal expansion during many types of viral infections, which often makes the identification of virus-specific CD4+ T cells technically challenging. In this study, we have generated recombinant vaccinia virus (VacV) vectors that target I-Ab-restricted peptides for MHC class II (MHC-II) presentation to activate CD4+ T cells in mice. Conjugating the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus immunodominant epitope GP61-80 to either LAMP1 to facilitate lysosomal targeting or to the MHC-II invariant chain (Ii) significantly increased the activation of Ag-specific CD4+ T cells in vivo. Immunization with VacV-Ii-GP61-80 activated endogenous Ag-specific CD4+ T cells that formed memory and rapidly re-expanded following heterologous challenge. Notably, immunization of mice with VacV expressing an MHC-II-restricted peptide from Leishmania species (PEPCK335-351) conjugated to either LAMP1 or Ii also generated Ag-specific memory CD4+ T cells that underwent robust secondary expansion following a visceral leishmaniasis infection, suggesting this approach could be used to generate Ag-specific memory CD4+ T cells against a variety of different pathogens. Overall, our data show that VacV vectors targeting peptides for MHC-II presentation is an effective strategy to activate Ag-specific CD4+ T cells in vivo and could be used to study Ag-specific effector and memory CD4+ T cell responses against a variety of viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Hobbs
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Jake C Harbour
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Phillip A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Diana Ortiz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Scott M Landfear
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Jeffrey C Nolz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239;
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
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14
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Tao S, Drexler I. Targeting Autophagy in Innate Immune Cells: Angel or Demon During Infection and Vaccination? Front Immunol 2020; 11:460. [PMID: 32265919 PMCID: PMC7096474 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells are the "doorkeepers" in the immune system and are important for the initiation of protective vaccine responses against infection. Being an essential regulatory component of the immune system in these cells, autophagy not only mediates pathogen clearance and cytokine production, but also balances the immune response by preventing harmful overreaction. Interestingly, recent literature indicates that autophagy is positively or negatively regulating the innate immune response in a cell type-specific manner. Moreover, autophagy serves as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. It is involved in antigen presentation by delivering pathogen compounds to B and T cells, which is important for effective immune protection. Upon infection, autophagy can also be hijacked by some pathogens for replication or evade host immune responses. As a result, autophagy seems like a double-edged sword to the immune response, strongly depending on the cell types involved and infection models used. In this review, the dual role of autophagy in regulating the immune system will be highlighted in various infection models with particular focus on dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils. Targeting autophagy in these cells as for therapeutic application or prophylactic vaccination will be discussed considering both roles of autophagy, the "angel" enhancing innate immune responses, antigen presentation, pathogen clearance and dampening inflammation or the "demon" enabling viral replication and degrading innate immune components. A better understanding of this dual potential will help to utilize autophagy in innate immune cells in order to optimize vaccines or treatments against infectious diseases.
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15
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Samreen B, Tao S, Tischer K, Adler H, Drexler I. ORF6 and ORF61 Expressing MVA Vaccines Impair Early but Not Late Latency in Murine Gammaherpesvirus MHV-68 Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2984. [PMID: 31921215 PMCID: PMC6930802 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gammaherpesviruses (γHV) are important pathogens causing persistent infections which lead to several malignancies in immunocompromised patients. Murine γHV 68 (MHV-68), a homolog to human EBV and KSHV, has been employed as a classical pathogen to investigate the molecular pathogenicity of γHV infections. γHV express distinct antigens during lytic or latent infection and antigen-specific T cells have a significant role in controlling the acute and latent viral infection, although the quality of anti-viral T cell responses required for protective immunity is not well-understood. We have generated recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (recMVA) vaccines via MVA-BAC homologous recombination technology expressing MHV-68 ORF6 and ORF61 antigens encoding both MHC class I and II-restricted epitopes. After vaccination, we examined T cell responses before and after MHV-68 infection to determine their involvement in latent virus control. We show recognition of recMVA- and MHV-68-infected APC by ORF6 and ORF61 epitope-specific T cell lines in vitro. The recMVA vaccines efficiently induced MHV-68-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses after a single immunization and more pronounced after homologous prime/boost vaccination in mice. Moreover, we exhibit protective capacity of prophylactic recMVA vaccination during early latency at day 17 after intranasal challenge with MHV-68, but failed to protect from latency at day 45. Further T cell analysis indicated that T cell exhaustion was not responsible for the lack of protection by recMVA vaccination in long-term latency at day 45. The data support further efforts aiming at improved vaccine development against γHV infections with special focus on targeting protective CD4+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baila Samreen
- Institute for Virology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sha Tao
- Institute for Virology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karsten Tischer
- Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Adler
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Drexler
- Institute for Virology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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16
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Tao S, Tao R, Busch DH, Widera M, Schaal H, Drexler I. Sequestration of Late Antigens Within Viral Factories Impairs MVA Vector-Induced Protective Memory CTL Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2850. [PMID: 31867011 PMCID: PMC6904312 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8+ T cell (CTL) responses play an essential role in antiviral immunity. Here, we focused on the activation of CTL which recognize epitopes derived from viral or recombinant antigens with either early or late expression kinetics after infection with Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA). Late antigens but not early antigens failed to efficiently stimulate murine CTL lines in vitro and were unable to activate and expand protective memory T cell responses in mice in vivo. The reduced or absent presentation of late antigens was not due to impaired antigen presentation or delayed protein synthesis, but was caused by sequestration of late antigens within viral factories (VFs). Additionally, the trapping of late antigens in VFs conflicts with antigen processing and presentation as proteasomal activity was strongly reduced or absent in VFs, suggesting inefficient antigen degradation. This study gives for the first time a mechanistic explanation for the weak immunogenicity of late viral antigens for memory CTL activation. Since MVA is preferentially used as a boost vector in heterologous prime/boost vaccinations, this is an important information for future vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tao
- Institute for Virology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ronny Tao
- Institute for Virology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute of Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marek Widera
- Institute for Virology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute for Virology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingo Drexler
- Institute for Virology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Jaramillo Ortiz JM, Paoletta MS, Gravisaco MJ, López Arias LS, Montenegro VN, de la Fournière SAM, Valenzano MN, Guillemi EC, Valentini B, Echaide I, Farber MD, Wilkowsky SE. Immunisation of cattle against Babesia bovis combining a multi-epitope modified vaccinia Ankara virus and a recombinant protein induce strong Th1 cell responses but fails to trigger neutralising antibodies required for protection. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:101270. [PMID: 31445874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Protection against the intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite Babesia bovis depends on both strong innate and adaptive immune response, this latter involving the presentation of parasite antigens to CD4+ T-lymphocytes by professional antigen-presenting cells. Secretion of Th1 cytokines by CD4+ T cell is also very important for isotype switching to IgG2, the best opsonising antibody isotype in cattle, to target extracellular parasites and parasite antigens displayed at the erythrocyte surface. In the field of vaccinology, heterologous prime-boost schemes combining protein-adjuvant formulations with a modified vaccinia Ankara vector expressing the same antigen have demonstrated the induction of both humoral and cellular immune responses. It has been previously demonstrated that MVA-infected dendritic cells can present antigens in the context of MHC II and activate CD4+ T cell. These results support the use of the MVA viral vector for a pathogen like Babesia bovis, which only resides within erythrocytes. In this study, 13-15-months-old Holstein-Friesian steers were immunised with a subunit vaccine as a prime and a modified vaccinia Ankara vector as a boost, both expressing a chimeric multi-antigen (rMABbo - rMVA). This antigen includes the immunodominant B and T cell epitopes of three B. bovis proteins: merozoite surface antigen - 2c (MSA - 2c), rhoptry associated protein 1 (RAP - 1) and heat shock protein 20 (HSP20). Responses were compared with the Babesia bovis live attenuated vaccine used in Argentina (R1A). Eleven weeks after the first immunisation, all bovines were challenged by the inoculation of a virulent B. bovis strain. All groups were monitored daily for hyperthermia and reduction of packed cell volume. Both the rMABbo - rMVA and R1A vaccinated animals developed high titters of total IgG antibodies and an antigen-specific Th1 cellular response before and after challenge. However, all rMABbo - rMVA steers showed clinical signs of disease upon challenge. Only the R1A live vaccine group developed an immune response associated with in vitro neutralising antibodies at a level that significantly inhibited the parasite invasion. The lack of protection observed with this recombinant formulation indicates the need to perform further basic and clinical studies in the bovine model in order to achieve the desired effectiveness. This is the first report in which a novel vaccine candidate against Babesia bovis was constructed based on a recombinant and rationally designed viral vector and evaluated in the biological model of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Jaramillo Ortiz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA - CONICET, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto s/n, P.O. Box 25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martina Soledad Paoletta
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA - CONICET, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto s/n, P.O. Box 25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Gravisaco
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA - CONICET, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto s/n, P.O. Box 25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ludmila Sol López Arias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA - CONICET, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto s/n, P.O. Box 25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Noely Montenegro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA - CONICET, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto s/n, P.O. Box 25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Ana María de la Fournière
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA - CONICET, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto s/n, P.O. Box 25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magalí Nicole Valenzano
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA - CONICET, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto s/n, P.O. Box 25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Carolina Guillemi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA - CONICET, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto s/n, P.O. Box 25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Valentini
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Parasitología Veterinaria, EEA Rafaela, INTA, RN 34, Km 227, CC 22, 2300, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Echaide
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Parasitología Veterinaria, EEA Rafaela, INTA, RN 34, Km 227, CC 22, 2300, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marisa Diana Farber
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA - CONICET, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto s/n, P.O. Box 25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Elizabeth Wilkowsky
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA - CONICET, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto s/n, P.O. Box 25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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18
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Koustas E, Sarantis P, Kyriakopoulou G, Papavassiliou AG, Karamouzis MV. The Interplay of Autophagy and Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer-Ways of Enhancing Immunotherapy Action. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E533. [PMID: 31013961 PMCID: PMC6520891 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy as a primary homeostatic and catabolic process is responsible for the degradation and recycling of proteins and cellular components. The mechanism of autophagy has a crucial role in several cellular functions and its dysregulation is associated with tumorigenesis, tumor-stroma interactions, and resistance to cancer therapy. A growing body of evidence suggests that autophagy is also a key regulator of the tumor microenvironment and cellular immune response in different types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Furthermore, autophagy is responsible for initiating the immune response especially when it precedes cell death. However, the role of autophagy in CRC and the tumor microenvironment remains controversial. In this review, we identify the role of autophagy in tumor microenvironment regulation and the specific mechanism by which autophagy is implicated in immune responses during CRC tumorigenesis and the context of anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Koustas
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Sarantis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Georgia Kyriakopoulou
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Michalis V Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
- First Department of Internal Medicine, 'Laiko' General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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19
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Merkley SD, Chock CJ, Yang XO, Harris J, Castillo EF. Modulating T Cell Responses via Autophagy: The Intrinsic Influence Controlling the Function of Both Antigen-Presenting Cells and T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2914. [PMID: 30619278 PMCID: PMC6302218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a homeostatic and inducible process affecting multiple aspects of the immune system. This intrinsic cellular process is involved in MHC-antigen (Ag) presentation, inflammatory signaling, cytokine regulation, and cellular metabolism. In the context of T cell responses, autophagy has an influential hand in dictating responses to self and non-self by controlling extrinsic factors (e.g., MHC-Ag, cytokine production) in antigen-presenting cells (APC) and intrinsic factors (e.g., cell signaling, survival, cytokine production, and metabolism) in T cells. These attributes make autophagy an attractive therapeutic target to modulate T cell responses. In this review, we examine the impact autophagy has on T cell responses by modulating multiple aspects of APC function; the importance of autophagy in the activation, differentiation and homeostasis of T cells; and discuss how the modulation of autophagy could influence T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Merkley
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Cameron J Chock
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Xuexian O Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - James Harris
- Rheumatology Group, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Eliseo F Castillo
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, NM, United States
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20
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Tappe KA, Budida R, Stankov MV, Frenz T, R Shah H, Volz A, Sutter G, Kalinke U, Behrens GMN. Immunogenic cell death of dendritic cells following modified vaccinia virus Ankara infection enhances CD8 + T cell proliferation. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:2042-2054. [PMID: 30259962 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
"Immunogenic cell death" (ICD) is associated with the emission of so-called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) which trigger the immune response against dead-cell associated antigens. The secretion of the DAMP, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been shown to be autophagy-dependent. Here, we demonstrate that Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), a highly attenuated strain of vaccinia virus, induces both cell death and autophagy in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), which in turn confer the (cross-)priming of OVA-specific cytotoxic T cells (OT-I cells). Additionally, we show that MVA infection leads to increased extracellular ATP (eATP) as well as intracellular ATP (iATP) levels, with the latter being influenced by the autophagy. Furthermore, we show that the increased eATP supports the proliferation of OT-I cells and inhibition of the P2RX7 receptors results in an abrogation of the proliferation. These data reveal novel mechanisms on how MVA enhances adaptive immunity in vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Tappe
- Department for Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ramachandramouli Budida
- Department for Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Metodi V Stankov
- Department for Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Theresa Frenz
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hanover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
| | - Harshit R Shah
- Department for Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Asisa Volz
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Germany.,Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerd Sutter
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Germany.,Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hanover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
| | - Georg M N Behrens
- Department for Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Brunswick, Hanover, Germany
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21
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Folkerts H, Hilgendorf S, Vellenga E, Bremer E, Wiersma VR. The multifaceted role of autophagy in cancer and the microenvironment. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:517-560. [PMID: 30302772 PMCID: PMC6585651 DOI: 10.1002/med.21531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a crucial recycling process that is increasingly being recognized as an important factor in cancer initiation, cancer (stem) cell maintenance as well as the development of resistance to cancer therapy in both solid and hematological malignancies. Furthermore, it is being recognized that autophagy also plays a crucial and sometimes opposing role in the complex cancer microenvironment. For instance, autophagy in stromal cells such as fibroblasts contributes to tumorigenesis by generating and supplying nutrients to cancerous cells. Reversely, autophagy in immune cells appears to contribute to tumor‐localized immune responses and among others regulates antigen presentation to and by immune cells. Autophagy also directly regulates T and natural killer cell activity and is required for mounting T‐cell memory responses. Thus, within the tumor microenvironment autophagy has a multifaceted role that, depending on the context, may help drive tumorigenesis or may help to support anticancer immune responses. This multifaceted role should be taken into account when designing autophagy‐based cancer therapeutics. In this review, we provide an overview of the diverse facets of autophagy in cancer cells and nonmalignant cells in the cancer microenvironment. Second, we will attempt to integrate and provide a unified view of how these various aspects can be therapeutically exploited for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Folkerts
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Hilgendorf
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edo Vellenga
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie R Wiersma
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Lawand M, Evnouchidou I, Baranek T, Montealegre S, Tao S, Drexler I, Saveanu L, Si-Tahar M, van Endert P. Impact of the TAP-like transporter in antigen presentation and phagosome maturation. Mol Immunol 2018; 113:75-86. [PMID: 29941219 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.06.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cross-presentation is thought to require transport of proteasome-generated peptides by the TAP transporters into MHC class I loading compartments for most antigens. However, a proteasome-dependent but TAP-independent pathway has also been described. Depletion of the pool of recycling cell surface MHC class I molecules available for loading with cross-presented peptides might partly or largely account for the critical role of TAP in cross-presentation of phagocytosed antigens. Here we examined a potential role of the homodimeric lysosomal TAP-like transporter in cross-presentation and in presentation of endogenous peptides by MHC class II molecules. We find that TAP-L is strongly recruited to dendritic cell phagosomes at a late stage, when internalized antigen and MHC class I molecules have been degraded or sorted away from phagosomes. Cross-presentation of a receptor-targeted antigen in vitro and of a phagocytosed antigen in vivo, as well as presentation of a cytosolic antigen by MHC class II molecules, is not affected by TAP-L deficiency. However, accumulation in vitro of a peptide optimally adapted to TAP-L selectivity in purified phagosomes is abolished by TAP-L deficiency. Unexpectedly, we find that TAP-L deficiency accelerates phagosome maturation, as reflected in increased Lamp2b recruitment and enhanced proteolytic degradation of phagocytosed antigen and in vitro transported peptides. Although additional experimentation will be required to definitely conclude on the role of TAP-L in transport of peptides presented by MHC class I and class II molecules, our data suggest that the principal role of TAP-L in dendritic cells may be related to regulation of phagosome maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Lawand
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de médecine; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8253; 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Irini Evnouchidou
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de médecine; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8253; 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Thomas Baranek
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1100, Université F. Rabelais, Faculté de médecine, Centre d'études des pathologies respiratoires, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours Cedex, France
| | - Sebastian Montealegre
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de médecine; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8253; 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Sha Tao
- Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingo Drexler
- Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Loredana Saveanu
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de médecine; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8253; 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1100, Université F. Rabelais, Faculté de médecine, Centre d'études des pathologies respiratoires, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours Cedex, France
| | - Peter van Endert
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de médecine; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8253; 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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23
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Abele R, Tampé R. Moving the Cellular Peptidome by Transporters. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:43. [PMID: 29761100 PMCID: PMC5937356 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Living matter is defined by metastability, implying a tightly balanced synthesis and turnover of cellular components. The first step of eukaryotic protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) leads to peptides, which are subsequently degraded to single amino acids by an armada of proteases. A small fraction of peptides, however, escapes further cytosolic destruction and is transported by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomes. The ER-resident heterodimeric transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is a crucial component in adaptive immunity for the transport and loading of peptides onto major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules. Although the function of the lysosomal resident homodimeric TAPL-like (TAPL) remains, until today, only loosely defined, an involvement in immune defense is anticipated since it is highly expressed in dendritic cells and macrophages. Here, we compare the gene organization and the function of single domains of both peptide transporters. We highlight the structural organization, the modes of substrate binding and translocation as well as physiological functions of both organellar transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert Abele
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence - Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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24
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Andrade LM, Cox L, Versiani AF, da Fonseca FG. A growing world of small things: a brief review on the nanostructured vaccines. Future Virol 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2017-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are the most cost-effective intervention in the management of infectious disease. Much of what we perceive as quality of life is related to a good health status and disease absence, for which vaccines are substantially responsible. Nonetheless, there are many infectious diseases for which no vaccine solution is available. That could be due to limitations of the classic approaches to vaccine development, including inactivated, subunit and attenuated vaccines. Nanostructured immunogens belong to a class of nonclassic vaccines in which nanostructures are loaded with antigen-related molecules. Here, we briefly review important features of the nanostructured vaccines – mainly those based in carbon nanotubes and gold nanorods – and discuss their use to prevent infectious diseases, especially those caused by viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia M Andrade
- Laboratório de Nanomateriais, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
- NanoBioMedical Research Group, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Laura Cox
- NanoBioMedical Research Group, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP: 31270–901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Alice F Versiani
- NanoBioMedical Research Group, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP: 31270–901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Flávio G da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP: 31270–901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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25
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Evaluation of the immunogenicity and impact on the latent HIV-1 reservoir of a conserved region vaccine, MVA.HIVconsv, in antiretroviral therapy-treated subjects. J Int AIDS Soc 2017; 20:21171. [PMID: 28537062 PMCID: PMC5515041 DOI: 10.7448/ias.20.1.21171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Vaccines may be key components of a curative strategy for HIV-1. We investigated whether a novel immunogen, HIVconsv, designed to re-direct T cell responses to conserved viral epitopes, could impact the HIV-1 reservoir in chronic antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated subjects when delivered by modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA). Methods: Nineteen virologically suppressed individuals were randomized to receive vaccinations with MVA.HIVconsv (5.5 × 107 plaque-forming units, pfu, n = 8; 2.2 × 108 pfu, n = 7) or placebo (n = 4) at 0, 4 and 12 weeks. Magnitude, breadth and antiviral function of vaccine-induced T cells, cell-associated HIV-1 DNA in circulating CD4+ T cells and residual viremia in plasma were measured before and after vaccination. Results: 90% of subjects completed the vaccine regimen; there were no serious vaccine-related adverse events. The magnitude of HIVconsv-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cells was not significantly boosted in vaccinees when compared with placebos in ex vivo Elispot assays, due to greater than expected variation in HIV-specific T cell responses in the latter during the observation period. Ex vivo CD8+ T cell viral inhibitory capacity was modest but significantly increased post-vaccination with MVA.HIVconsv at the higher dose (p = 0.004) and was positively correlated with the frequency of HIVconsv-specific CD8+ CD107+ IFN-α± T cells (r = 0.57, p = 0.01). Total HIV-1 DNA and residual viral load did not change significantly from baseline in any group. Conclusions: Homologous prime-boost vaccination with MVA.HIVconsv was safe in HIV-positive ART-treated subjects but showed modest immunogenicity and did not significantly change the size of the viral reservoir. MVA.HIVconsv may be more effective when used in a heterologous prime-boost vaccination regimen and when combined with a latency-reversing agent. Clinical Trials Registration NCT01024842
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26
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Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Preferentially Targets Antigen Presenting Cells In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8580. [PMID: 28819261 PMCID: PMC5561217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08719-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a promising vaccine vector with an excellent safety profile. However, despite extensive pre-clinical and clinical testing, surprisingly little is known about the cellular tropism of MVA, especially in relevant animal species. Here, we performed in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments with recombinant MVA expressing green fluorescent protein (rMVA-GFP). In both human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and mouse lung explants, rMVA-GFP predominantly infected antigen presenting cells. Subsequent in vivo experiments performed in mice, ferrets and non-human primates indicated that preferential targeting of dendritic cells and alveolar macrophages was observed after respiratory administration, although subtle differences were observed between the respective animal species. Following intramuscular injection, rMVA-GFP was detected in interdigitating cells between myocytes, but also in myocytes themselves. These data are important in advancing our understanding of the basis for the immunogenicity of MVA-based vaccines and aid rational vaccine design and delivery strategies.
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Chiuppesi F, Wussow F, Scharf L, Contreras H, Gao H, Meng Z, Nguyen J, Barry PA, Bjorkman PJ, Diamond DJ. Comparison of homologous and heterologous prime-boost vaccine approaches using Modified Vaccinia Ankara and soluble protein to induce neutralizing antibodies by the human cytomegalovirus pentamer complex in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183377. [PMID: 28813507 PMCID: PMC5558987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since neutralizing antibodies (NAb) targeting the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) pentamer complex (PC) potently block HCMV host cell entry, anti-PC NAb induction is thought to be important for a vaccine formulation to prevent HCMV infection. By developing a vaccine strategy based on soluble PC protein and using a previously generated Modified Vaccinia Ankara vector co-expressing all five PC subunits (MVA-PC), we compared HCMV NAb induction by homologous immunization using prime-boost vaccine regimen employing only PC protein or MVA-PC and heterologous immunization using prime-boost combinations of PC protein and MVA-PC. Utilizing a recently isolated anti-PC NAb, we produced highly pure soluble PC protein that displayed conformational and linear neutralizing epitopes, interfered with HCMV entry, and was recognized by antibodies induced by HCMV during natural infection. Mice vaccinated by different immunization routes with the purified PC protein in combination with a clinically approved adjuvant formulation elicited high-titer and durable HCMV NAb. While MVA-PC and soluble PC protein either alone or in combination elicited robust HCMV NAb, significantly different potencies of these vaccine approaches were observed in dependence on immunization schedule. Using only two immunizations, vaccination with MVA-PC alone or prime-boost combinations of MVA-PC and PC protein was significantly more effective in stimulating HCMV NAb than immunization with PC protein alone. In contrast, with three immunizations, NAb induced by soluble PC protein either alone or combined with two boosts of MVA-PC increased to levels that exceeded NAb titer stimulated by MVA-PC alone. These results provide insights into the potency of soluble protein and MVA to elicit NAb by the HCMV PC via homologous and heterologous prime-boost immunization, which may contribute to develop clinically deployable vaccine strategies to prevent HCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Chiuppesi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States of America
| | - Felix Wussow
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States of America
| | - Louise Scharf
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Heidi Contreras
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States of America
| | - Han Gao
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Zhuo Meng
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States of America
| | - Jenny Nguyen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States of America
| | - Peter A. Barry
- Center for Comparative Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Pamela J. Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Don J. Diamond
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Szulc-Dąbrowska L, Struzik J, Ostrowska A, Guzera M, Toka FN, Bossowska-Nowicka M, Gieryńska MM, Winnicka A, Nowak Z, Niemiałtowski MG. Functional paralysis of GM-CSF-derived bone marrow cells productively infected with ectromelia virus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179166. [PMID: 28604814 PMCID: PMC5467855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectromelia virus (ECTV) is an orthopoxvirus responsible for mousepox, a lethal disease of certain strains of mice that is similar to smallpox in humans, caused by variola virus (VARV). ECTV, similar to VARV, exhibits a narrow host range and has co-evolved with its natural host. Consequently, ECTV employs sophisticated and host-specific strategies to control the immune cells that are important for induction of antiviral immune response. In the present study we investigated the influence of ECTV infection on immune functions of murine GM-CSF-derived bone marrow cells (GM-BM), comprised of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and macrophages. Our results showed for the first time that ECTV is able to replicate productively in GM-BM and severely impaired their innate and adaptive immune functions. Infected GM-BM exhibited dramatic changes in morphology and increased apoptosis during the late stages of infection. Moreover, GM-BM cells were unable to uptake and process antigen, reach full maturity and mount a proinflammatory response. Inhibition of cytokine/chemokine response may result from the alteration of nuclear translocation of NF-κB, IRF3 and IRF7 transcription factors and down-regulation of many genes involved in TLR, RLR, NLR and type I IFN signaling pathways. Consequently, GM-BM show inability to stimulate proliferation of purified allogeneic CD4+ T cells in a primary mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). Taken together, our data clearly indicate that ECTV induces immunosuppressive mechanisms in GM-BM leading to their functional paralysis, thus compromising their ability to initiate downstream T-cell activation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Szulc-Dąbrowska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Justyna Struzik
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Guzera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Felix N. Toka
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Magdalena Bossowska-Nowicka
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata M. Gieryńska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Winnicka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Nowak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek G. Niemiałtowski
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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Tavarone E, Molina GN, Amalfi S, Peralta A, Molinari P, Taboga O. The localization of a heterologous displayed antigen in the baculovirus-budded virion determines the type and strength of induced adaptive immune response. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:4175-4184. [PMID: 28213733 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the search of strategies of presentation of heterologous antigens to elicit humoral or cellular immune responses that modulate and properly potentiate each type of response, researchers have been studying baculovirus (BV) as vaccine vectors with promising results. For some years, several research groups explored different antigen presentation approaches using the BV AcNPV by expressing polypeptides on the surface of budded virions or by de novo synthesis of heterologous antigens by transduction of mammalian cells. In the case of expression on the surface of budded virions, for example, researchers have expressed polypeptides in peplomers as GP64 glycoprotein fusions or distributed throughout the entire surface by fusions to portions of the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus, VSV. Recently, our group developed the strategy of cross-presentation of antigens by fusions of GP64 to the capsid protein VP39 (capsid display) for the generation of cytotoxic responses. While the different strategies showed to be effective in raising immune responses, the individuality of each analysis makes difficult the comparison of the results. Here, by comparing the different strategies, we show that localization of the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) strongly determined the quality and intensity of the adaptive response to the heterologous antigen. Furthermore, surface display favored humoral responses, whereas capsid display favored cytotoxic responses. Finally, capsid display showed a much more efficient strategy to activate CD8-mediated responses than transduction. The incorporation of adjuvants in baculovirus formulations dramatically diminished the immunostimulatory properties of baculovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Tavarone
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INTA Castelar, Nicolás Repetto y De Los Reseros S/N° (B1686IGC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guido Nicolás Molina
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INTA Castelar, Nicolás Repetto y De Los Reseros S/N° (B1686IGC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Amalfi
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INTA Castelar, Nicolás Repetto y De Los Reseros S/N° (B1686IGC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Peralta
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INTA Castelar, Nicolás Repetto y De Los Reseros S/N° (B1686IGC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Molinari
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INTA Castelar, Nicolás Repetto y De Los Reseros S/N° (B1686IGC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Taboga
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INTA Castelar, Nicolás Repetto y De Los Reseros S/N° (B1686IGC), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Veerappan Ganesan AP, Eisenlohr LC. The elucidation of non-classical MHC class II antigen processing through the study of viral antigens. Curr Opin Virol 2017; 22:71-76. [PMID: 28081485 PMCID: PMC5346044 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
By convention, CD4+ T cells are activated predominantly by Major Histocompatibility Complex class II-bound peptides derived from extracellular (exogenous) antigens. It has been known for decades that alternative sources of antigen, particularly those synthesized within the antigen-presenting cell, can also supply peptides but the impact on TCD4+ responses, sometimes considerable, has only recently become appreciated. This review focuses on the contributions that studies of viral antigen have made to this shift in perspective, concluding with discussions of relevance to rational vaccine design, autoimmunity and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Purnima Veerappan Ganesan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and the Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Laurence C Eisenlohr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and the Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Slike BM, Creegan M, Marovich M, Ngauy V. Humoral Immunity to Primary Smallpox Vaccination: Impact of Childhood versus Adult Immunization on Vaccinia Vector Vaccine Development in Military Populations. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169247. [PMID: 28046039 PMCID: PMC5207489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified Vaccinia virus has been shown to be a safe and immunogenic vector platform for delivery of HIV vaccines. Use of this vector is of particular importance to the military, with the implementation of a large scale smallpox vaccination campaign in 2002 in active duty and key civilian personnel in response to potential bioterrorist activities. Humoral immunity to smallpox vaccination was previously shown to be long lasting (up to 75 years) and protective. However, using vaccinia-vectored vaccine delivery for other diseases on a background of anti-vector antibodies (i.e. pre-existing immunity) may limit their use as a vaccine platform, especially in the military. In this pilot study, we examined the durability of vaccinia antibody responses in adult primary vaccinees in a healthy military population using a standard ELISA assay and a novel dendritic cell neutralization assay. We found binding and neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses to vaccinia waned after 5–10 years in a group of 475 active duty military, born after 1972, who were vaccinated as adults with Dryvax®. These responses decreased from a geometric mean titer (GMT) of 250 to baseline (<20) after 10–20 years post vaccination. This contrasted with a comparator group of adults, ages 35–49, who were vaccinated with Dryvax® as children. In the childhood vaccinees, titers persisted for >30 years with a GMT of 210 (range 112–3234). This data suggests limited durability of antibody responses in adult vaccinees compared to those vaccinated in childhood and further that adult vaccinia recipients may benefit similarly from receipt of a vaccinia based vaccine as those who are vaccinia naïve. Our findings may have implications for the smallpox vaccination schedule and support the ongoing development of this promising viral vector in a military vaccination program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie M. Slike
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- The Henry M. Jackson for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthew Creegan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- The Henry M. Jackson for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mary Marovich
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Viseth Ngauy
- Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Plotkin S. Foreword. HUMAN VACCINES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-802302-0.00011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pan H, Zhong XP, Lee S. Sustained activation of mTORC1 in macrophages increases AMPKα-dependent autophagy to maintain cellular homeostasis. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 17:14. [PMID: 27387347 PMCID: PMC4937593 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-016-0069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a well-conserved serine/threonine protein kinase that controls autophagy as well as many other processes such as protein synthesis, cell growth, and metabolism. The activity of mTORC1 is stringently and negatively controlled by the tuberous sclerosis proteins 1 and 2 complex (TSC1/2). Results In contrast to the previous studies using Tsc1 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) cells, we demonstrated evidence that TSC1 deficient macrophages exhibited enhanced basal and mycobacterial infection-induced autophagy via AMPKα-dependent phosphorylation of ULK1 (Ser555). These effects were concomitant with constitutive activation of mTORC1 and can be reversed by addition of amino acids or rapamycin, and by the knockdown of the regulatory-associated protein of mTOR, Raptor. In addition, increased autophagy in TSC1 deficient macrophages resulted in suppression of inflammation during mycobacterial infection, which was reversed upon amino acid treatment of the TSC1 deficient macrophages. We further demonstrated that TSC1 conditional knockout mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, resulted in less bacterial burden and a comparable level of inflammation when compared to wild type mice. Conclusions Our data revealed that sustained activation of mTORC1 due to defects in TSC1 promotes AMPKα-dependent autophagic flux to maintain cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Pan
- Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics-Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sunhee Lee
- Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Abstract
Autophagy describes catabolic pathways that deliver cytoplasmic constituents for lysosomal degradation. Since major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules sample protein degradation products and present them to T cells for adaptive immunity, it is maybe not too surprising that autophagy contributes to this protein antigen processing for MHC presentation. However, the recently recognized breath of pathways, by which autophagy contributes to MHC antigen processing, is exciting. Macroautophagy does not only seem to deliver intracellular but facilitates also extracellular antigen processing by lysosomal hydrolysis for MHC class II presentation. Moreover, even MHC class I molecules that usually display proteasomal products are regulated by macroautophagy, probably using a pool of these molecules outside the endoplasmic reticulum, where MHC class I molecules are loaded with peptide during canonical MHC class I antigen processing. This review aims to summarize these recent developments and point out gaps of knowledge, which should be filled by further investigation, in order to harness the different antigen-processing pathways via autophagy for vaccine improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Coulon PG, Richetta C, Rouers A, Blanchet FP, Urrutia A, Guerbois M, Piguet V, Theodorou I, Bet A, Schwartz O, Tangy F, Graff-Dubois S, Cardinaud S, Moris A. HIV-Infected Dendritic Cells Present Endogenous MHC Class II-Restricted Antigens to HIV-Specific CD4+ T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:517-32. [PMID: 27288536 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It is widely assumed that CD4(+) T cells recognize antigenic peptides (epitopes) derived solely from incoming, exogenous, viral particles or proteins. However, alternative sources of MHC class II (MHC-II)-restricted Ags have been described, in particular epitopes derived from newly synthesized proteins (so-called endogenous). In this study, we show that HIV-infected dendritic cells (DC) present MHC-II-restricted endogenous viral Ags to HIV-specific (HS) CD4(+) T cells. This endogenous pathway functions independently of the exogenous route for HIV Ag presentation and offers a distinct possibility for the immune system to activate HS CD4(+) T cells. We examined the implication of autophagy, which plays a crucial role in endogenous viral Ag presentation and thymic selection of CD4(+) T cells, in HIV endogenous presentation. We show that infected DC do not use autophagy to process MHC-II-restricted HIV Ags. This is unlikely to correspond to a viral escape from autophagic degradation, as infecting DC with Nef- or Env-deficient HIV strains did not impact HS T cell activation. However, we demonstrate that, in DC, specific targeting of HIV Ags to autophagosomes using a microtubule-associated protein L chain 3 (LC3) fusion protein effectively enhances and broadens HS CD4(+) T cell responses, thus favoring an endogenous MHC-II-restricted presentation. In summary, in DC, multiple endogenous presentation pathways lead to the activation of HS CD4(+) T cell responses. These findings will help in designing novel strategies to activate HS CD4(+) T cells that are required for CTL activation/maintenance and B cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Grégoire Coulon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, CNRS 8255, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Clémence Richetta
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, CNRS 8255, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Angéline Rouers
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, CNRS 8255, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Fabien P Blanchet
- CNRS, FRE3689, Université de Montpellier, Centre d'Études d'Agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Alejandra Urrutia
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, CNRS 8255, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Guerbois
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Piguet
- Department of Dermatology and Wound Healing, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Theodorou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, CNRS 8255, F-75013 Paris, France; Département d'Immunologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; and
| | - Anne Bet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, CNRS 8255, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Frédéric Tangy
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Graff-Dubois
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, CNRS 8255, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Cardinaud
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, CNRS 8255, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Moris
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, CNRS 8255, F-75013 Paris, France; Département d'Immunologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; and
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Hoffmann PR, Panigada M, Soprana E, Terry F, Bandar IS, Napolitano A, Rose AH, Hoffmann FW, Ndhlovu LC, Belcaid M, Moise L, De Groot AS, Carbone M, Gaudino G, Matsui T, Siccardi A, Bertino P. Preclinical development of HIvax: Human survivin highly immunogenic vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1585-95. [PMID: 26042612 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1050572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous work involved the development of a recombinant fowlpox virus encoding survivin (FP-surv) vaccine that was evaluated for efficacy in mesothelioma mouse models. Results showed that FP-surv vaccination generated significant immune responses, which led to delayed tumor growth and improved animal survival. We have extended those previous findings in the current study, which involves the pre-clinical development of an optimized version of FP-surv designed for human immunization (HIvax). Survivin-derived peptides for the most common haplotypes in the human population were identified and their immunogenicity confirmed in co-culture experiments using dendritic cells and T cells isolated from healthy donors. Peptides confirmed to induce CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells activation in humans were then included in 2 transgenes optimized for presentation of processed peptides on MHC-I (HIvax1) and MHC-II (HIvax2). Fowlpox vectors expressing the HIvax transgenes were then generated and their efficacy was evaluated with subsequent co-culture experiments to measure interferon-γ and granzyme B secretion. In these experiments, both antigen specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were activated by HIvax vaccines with resultant cytotoxic activity against survivin-overexpressing mesothelioma cancer cells. These results provide a rationale for clinical testing of HIvax1 and HIvax2 vaccines in patients with survivin-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Hoffmann
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology; John A. Burns School of Medicine ; University of Hawai'i ; Honolulu , HI , USA
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Fernández-Escobar M, Baldanta S, Reyburn H, Guerra S. Use of functional genomics to understand replication deficient poxvirus-host interactions. Virus Res 2016; 216:1-15. [PMID: 26519757 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput genomics technologies are currently being used to study a wide variety of viral infections, providing insight into which cellular genes and pathways are regulated after infection, and how these changes are related, or not, to efficient elimination of the pathogen. This article will focus on how gene expression studies of infections with non-replicative poxviruses currently used as vaccine vectors provide a global perspective of the molecular events associated with the viral infection in human cells. These high-throughput genomics approaches have the potential to lead to the identification of specific new properties of the viral vector or novel cellular targets that may aid in the development of more effective pox-derived vaccines and antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Fernández-Escobar
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Baldanta
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugh Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Guerra
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Barragan M, Good M, Kolls JK. Regulation of Dendritic Cell Function by Vitamin D. Nutrients 2015; 7:8127-51. [PMID: 26402698 PMCID: PMC4586578 DOI: 10.3390/nu7095383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies over the last two decades have revealed profound immunomodulatory aspects of vitamin D on various aspects of the immune system. This review will provide an overview of Vitamin D metabolism, a description of dendritic cell subsets, and highlight recent advances on the effects of vitamin D on dendritic cell function, maturation, cytokine production and antigen presentation. The active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3, has important immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Specifically, the 1,25(OH)2D3-Vitamin D3 complex can affect the maturation and migration of many dendritic cell subsets, conferring a special immunoregulatory role as well as tolerogenic properties affecting cytokine and chemokine production. Furthermore, there have been many recent studies demonstrating the effects of Vitamin D on allergic disease and autoimmunity. A clear understanding of the effects of the various forms of Vitamin D will provide new opportunities to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Barragan
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - Misty Good
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
- Division of Newborn Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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