1
|
Cochet M, Piumi F, Gorna K, Berry N, Gonzalez G, Danckaert A, Aulner N, Blanchet O, Zientara S, Donadeu FX, Munier-Lehmann H, Richardson J, Benchoua A, Coulpier M. An equine iPSC-based phenotypic screening platform identifies pro- and anti-viral molecules against West Nile virus. Vet Res 2024; 55:32. [PMID: 38493182 PMCID: PMC10943879 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of West Nile virus (WNV) occur periodically, affecting both human and equine populations. There are no vaccines for humans, and those commercialised for horses do not have sufficient coverage. Specific antiviral treatments do not exist. Many drug discovery studies have been conducted, but since rodent or primate cell lines are normally used, results cannot always be transposed to horses. There is thus a need to develop relevant equine cellular models. Here, we used induced pluripotent stem cells to develop a new in vitro model of WNV-infected equine brain cells suitable for microplate assay, and assessed the cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of forty-one chemical compounds. We found that one nucleoside analog, 2'C-methylcytidine, blocked WNV infection in equine brain cells, whereas other compounds were either toxic or ineffective, despite some displaying anti-viral activity in human cell lines. We also revealed an unexpected proviral effect of statins in WNV-infected equine brain cells. Our results thus identify a potential lead for future drug development and underscore the importance of using a tissue- and species-relevant cellular model for assessing the activity of antiviral compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Cochet
- UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - François Piumi
- UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Kamila Gorna
- UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Noémie Berry
- UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Gaëlle Gonzalez
- UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Anne Danckaert
- UTechS Photonics Bioimaging/C2RT, Institut Pasteur Paris, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Aulner
- UTechS Photonics Bioimaging/C2RT, Institut Pasteur Paris, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Odile Blanchet
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques, BB-0033-00038, CHU Angers, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Stéphan Zientara
- UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Francesc Xavier Donadeu
- Division of Translational Bioscience, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | | | - Jennifer Richardson
- UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Muriel Coulpier
- UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Satheesan A, Sharma S, Basu A. Sodium Butyrate Induced Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Death in an Experimental Model of Japanese Encephalitis. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2831-2847. [PMID: 37650987 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate have been explored in a wide array of neurological pathologies. It is a 4-carbon SCFA produced from the fermentation of dietary fibers by the gut-microbiota. As evident from previous literature, butyrate plays a wide array of functions in CNS and interestingly enhances the differentiation potential of Neural stem/Progenitor Cells (NSPCs). Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a well-known member of the Flaviviridae family and has been shown to alter neural stem cell pool of the brain, causing devastating consequences. In this study, we administered sodium butyrate (NaB) post JEV infection in BALB/c mouse model to examine any possible amelioration of the viral infection in NSPCs. In addition, ex vivo neurospheres and in vitro model of NSPCs were also used to study the effect of sodium butyrate in JEV infection. As an unprecedented finding, butyrate treated infected animals presented early onset of symptoms, as compared to their respective JEV infected groups. Alongside, we observed an increased viral load in NSPCs isolated from these animals as well as in cell culture models upon sodium butyrate treatment. Cytometric bead array analysis also revealed an increase in inflammatory cytokines, particularly, MCP-1 and IL-6. Further, increased expression of the key members of the canonical NF-κB pathway, viz-a-viz p-NF-κB, p-Iκ-Bα and p-IKK was observed. Overall, the increased inflammation and cell death caused early symptom progression in NaB-treated JEV infected animal model, which is contradictory to the well documented protective nature of NaB and therefore a better understanding of SCFA-based modulation of the gut-brain axis in viral infections is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivangi Sharma
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, 122052, India
| | - Anirban Basu
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, 122052, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kamte YS, Chandwani MN, London NM, Potosnak CE, Leak RK, O'Donnell LA. Perturbations in neural stem cell function during a neurotropic viral infection in juvenile mice. J Neurochem 2023; 166:809-829. [PMID: 37530081 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) often cause worse neurological outcomes in younger hosts. Throughout childhood, the brain undergoes extensive development and refinement to produce functional neural networks. Network function is maintained partly with the help of neural stem cells (NSCs) that replace neuronal and glia subtypes in the two neurogenic niches of the brain (the hippocampus and subventricular zone). Accumulating evidence suggests that viruses disrupt NSC function in adulthood and infancy, but the in vivo impact of childhood infections on acute and long-term NSC function is unknown. Using a juvenile mouse model of measles virus (MeV) infection, where only mature neurons in the brain are infected, we defined the effects of the antiviral immune response on NSCs from juvenile to adult stages of life. We found that (a) virus persists in the brains of survivors despite an anti-viral immune response; (b) NSC numbers decrease dramatically during early infection, but ultimately stabilize in adult survivors; (c) infection is associated with mild apoptosis throughout the juvenile brain, but NSC proliferation is unchanged; (d) the loss of NSC numbers is dependent upon the stage of NSC differentiation; and (e) immature neurons increase early during infection, concurrent with depletion of NSC pools. Collectively, we show that NSCs are exquisitely sensitive to the inflammatory microenvironment created during neuron-restricted MeV infection in juveniles, responding with an early loss of NSCs but increased neurogenesis. These studies provide insight into potential cellular mechanisms associated with long-term neurological deficits in survivors of childhood CNS infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yashika S Kamte
- School of Pharmacy and the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Manisha N Chandwani
- School of Pharmacy and the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Natalie M London
- School of Pharmacy and the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chloe E Potosnak
- School of Pharmacy and the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- School of Pharmacy and the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren A O'Donnell
- School of Pharmacy and the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Teng D, Ueda K, Honda T. Impact of Borna Disease Virus Infection on the Transcriptome of Differentiated Neuronal Cells and Its Modulation by Antiviral Treatment. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040942. [PMID: 37112922 PMCID: PMC10145824 DOI: 10.3390/v15040942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Borna disease virus (BoDV-1) is a highly neurotropic RNA virus that causes neurobehavioral disturbances such as abnormal social activities and memory impairment. Although impairments in the neural circuits caused by BoDV-1 infection induce these disturbances, the molecular basis remains unclear. Furthermore, it is unknown whether anti-BoDV-1 treatments can attenuate BoDV-1-mediated transcriptomic changes in neuronal cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of BoDV-1 infection on neuronal differentiation and the transcriptome of differentiated neuronal cells using persistently BoDV-1-infected cells. Although BoDV-1 infection did not have a detectable effect on intracellular neuronal differentiation processes, differentiated neuronal cells exhibited transcriptomic changes in differentiation-related genes. Some of these transcriptomic changes, such as the decrease in the expression of apoptosis-related genes, were recovered by anti-BoDV-1 treatment, while alterations in the expression of other genes remained after treatment. We further demonstrated that a decrease in cell viability induced by differentiation processes in BoDV-1-infected cells can be relieved with anti-BoDV-1 treatment. This study provides fundamental information regarding transcriptomic changes after BoDV-1 infection and the treatment in neuronal cells.
Collapse
Grants
- JP18H02664 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP18K19449 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP21H02738 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP22K19436 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- none Takeda Science Foundation
- none Kobayashi International Scholarship Foundation
- none Naito Foundation
- none Suzuken Memorial Foundation
- none SEI Group CSR Foundation
- none Ryobi Teien Memory Foundation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Teng
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiji Ueda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Widerspick L, Steffen JF, Tappe D, Muñoz-Fontela C. Animal Model Alternatives in Filovirus and Bornavirus Research. Viruses 2023; 15:158. [PMID: 36680198 PMCID: PMC9863967 DOI: 10.3390/v15010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The order Mononegavirales contains a variety of highly pathogenic viruses that may infect humans, including the families Filoviridae, Bornaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, and Rhabodoviridae. Animal models have historically been important to study virus pathogenicity and to develop medical countermeasures. As these have inherent shortcomings, the rise of microphysiological systems and organoids able to recapitulate hallmarks of the diseases caused by these viruses may have enormous potential to add to or partially replace animal modeling in the future. Indeed, microphysiological systems and organoids are already used in the pharmaceutical R&D pipeline because they are prefigured to overcome the translational gap between model systems and clinical studies. Moreover, they may serve to alleviate ethical concerns related to animal research. In this review, we discuss the value of animal model alternatives in human pathogenic filovirus and bornavirus research. The current animal models and their limitations are presented followed by an overview of existing alternatives, such as organoids and microphysiological systems, which might help answering open research questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Widerspick
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Riems, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Dennis Tappe
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- National Reference Center for Tropical Pathogens, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - César Muñoz-Fontela
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Riems, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Daniels BP, Oberst A. Outcomes of RIP Kinase Signaling During Neuroinvasive Viral Infection. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 442:155-174. [PMID: 32253569 PMCID: PMC7781604 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinvasive viral diseases are a considerable and growing burden on global public health. Despite this, these infections remain poorly understood, and the molecular mechanisms that govern protective versus pathological neuroinflammatory responses to infection are a matter of intense investigation. Recent evidence suggests that necroptosis, an immunogenic form of programmed cell death, may contribute to the pathogenesis of viral encephalitis. However, the receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinases that coordinate necroptosis, RIPK1 and RIPK3, also appear to have unexpected, cell death-independent functions in the central nervous system (CNS) that promote beneficial neuroinflammation during neuroinvasive infection. Here, we review the emerging evidence in this field, with additional discussion of recent work examining roles for RIPK signaling and necroptosis during noninfectious pathologies of the CNS, as these studies provide important additional insight into the potential for specialized neuroimmune functions for the RIP kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Daniels
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Transcriptomic Studies Suggest a Coincident Role for Apoptosis and Pyroptosis but Not for Autophagic Neuronal Death in TBEV-Infected Human Neuronal/Glial Cells. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112255. [PMID: 34835061 PMCID: PMC8620470 DOI: 10.3390/v13112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, Flavivirus genus, is responsible for neurological symptoms that may cause permanent disability or death. With an incidence on the rise, it is the major arbovirus affecting humans in Central/Northern Europe and North-Eastern Asia. Neuronal death is a critical feature of TBEV infection, yet little is known about the type of death and the molecular mechanisms involved. In this study, we used a recently established pathological model of TBEV infection based on human neuronal/glial cells differentiated from fetal neural progenitors and transcriptomic approaches to tackle this question. We confirmed the occurrence of apoptotic death in these cultures and further showed that genes involved in pyroptotic death were up-regulated, suggesting that this type of death also occurs in TBEV-infected human brain cells. On the contrary, no up-regulation of major autophagic genes was found. Furthermore, we demonstrated an up-regulation of a cluster of genes belonging to the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and revealed the cellular types expressing them. Our results suggest that neuronal death occurs by multiple mechanisms in TBEV-infected human neuronal/glial cells, thus providing a first insight into the molecular pathways that may be involved in neuronal death when the human brain is infected by TBEV.
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Wang L, Liu X, Huang Y, Li X, He H, Xu X, Guo Y, Li Q, Zhu D, Wang X, Wang H, Li W, Li D, Xie P. Nucleoprotein (P40) Binding to 5HT2C Receptors (5HT2CR) is the Key Point in the Pathogenesis of BoDV-1-Infected Hosts. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2427-2438. [PMID: 34165668 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoprotein (P40) is one of the most important proteins of Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1), but which proteins it would bind to in the pathogenesis of BoDV-1-infected hosts is unknown. We used lentivirus LV5-P40 overexpressing P40 to infect primary hippocampal neurons and characterized the interactome of P40 with co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) followed by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. These interacting protein partners revealed the pathogenesis of BoDV-1-infected hosts. We also show for the first time that P40 interacts with 5HT2CR in rat neurons, which may be the molecular basis leading to neuropsychiatric diseases such as anxiety disorders and behavioral abnormalities after BoDV-1 infection of hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Li
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment On Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment On Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xueni Liu
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment On Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment On Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment On Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hong He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment On Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment On Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment On Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Physical Examination, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment On Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment On Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment On Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dan Li
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment On Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment On Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kamte YS, Chandwani MN, Michaels AC, O’Donnell LA. Neural Stem Cells: What Happens When They Go Viral? Viruses 2021; 13:v13081468. [PMID: 34452333 PMCID: PMC8402908 DOI: 10.3390/v13081468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses that infect the central nervous system (CNS) are associated with developmental abnormalities as well as neuropsychiatric and degenerative conditions. Many of these viruses such as Zika virus (ZIKV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) demonstrate tropism for neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs are the multipotent progenitor cells of the brain that have the ability to form neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Viral infections often alter the function of NSCs, with profound impacts on the growth and repair of the brain. There are a wide spectrum of effects on NSCs, which differ by the type of virus, the model system, the cell types studied, and the age of the host. Thus, it is a challenge to predict and define the consequences of interactions between viruses and NSCs. The purpose of this review is to dissect the mechanisms by which viruses can affect survival, proliferation, and differentiation of NSCs. This review also sheds light on the contribution of key antiviral cytokines in the impairment of NSC activity during a viral infection, revealing a complex interplay between NSCs, viruses, and the immune system.
Collapse
|
10
|
Pain B, Baquerre C, Coulpier M. Cerebral organoids and their potential for studies of brain diseases in domestic animals. Vet Res 2021; 52:65. [PMID: 33941270 PMCID: PMC8090903 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is a complex organ and any model for studying it in its normal and pathological aspects becomes a tool of choice for neuroscientists. The mastering and dissemination of protocols allowing brain organoids development have paved the way for a whole range of new studies in the field of brain development, modeling of neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental diseases, understanding tumors as well as infectious diseases that affect the brain. While studies are so far limited to the use of human cerebral organoids, there is a growing interest in having similar models in other species. This review presents what is currently developed in this field, with a particular focus on the potential of cerebral organoids for studying neuro-infectious diseases in human and domestic animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Pain
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM, INRAE, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208, USC1361, Bron, France.
| | - Camille Baquerre
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM, INRAE, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208, USC1361, Bron, France
| | - Muriel Coulpier
- UMR1161 Virologie, Anses, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire D'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zou Z, Tsang JOL, Yan B, Chik KKH, Chan CCY, Cao J, Liang R, Tang K, Yin F, Ye ZW, Chu H, Chan JFW, Yuan S, Yuen KY. Metabolic Profiling Reveals Significant Perturbations of Intracellular Glucose Homeostasis in Enterovirus-Infected Cells. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10080302. [PMID: 32717953 PMCID: PMC7466099 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a common cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease. Severe EV-A71 infections may be associated with life-threatening neurological complications. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these severe clinical and pathological features remain incompletely understood. Metabolites are known to play critical roles in multiple stages of the replication cycles of viruses. The metabolic reprogramming induced by viral infections is essential for optimal virus replication and may be potential antiviral targets. In this study, we applied targeted metabolomics profiling to investigate the metabolic changes of induced pluripotent human stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) upon EV-A71 infection. A targeted quantitation of polar metabolites identified 14 candidates with altered expression profiles. A pathway enrichment analysis pinpointed glucose metabolic pathways as being highly perturbed upon EV-A71 infection. Gene silencing of one of the key enzymes of glycolysis, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFKFB3), significantly suppressed EV-A71 replication in vitro. Collectively, we demonstrated the feasibility to manipulate EV-A71-triggered host metabolic reprogramming as a potential anti-EV-A71 strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijiao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (Z.Z.); (J.O.-L.T.); (B.Y.); (K.K.-H.C.); (C.C.-Y.C.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (K.T.); (Z.-W.Y.); (H.C.); (K.-Y.Y.)
| | - Jessica Oi-Ling Tsang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (Z.Z.); (J.O.-L.T.); (B.Y.); (K.K.-H.C.); (C.C.-Y.C.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (K.T.); (Z.-W.Y.); (H.C.); (K.-Y.Y.)
| | - Bingpeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (Z.Z.); (J.O.-L.T.); (B.Y.); (K.K.-H.C.); (C.C.-Y.C.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (K.T.); (Z.-W.Y.); (H.C.); (K.-Y.Y.)
| | - Kenn Ka-Heng Chik
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (Z.Z.); (J.O.-L.T.); (B.Y.); (K.K.-H.C.); (C.C.-Y.C.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (K.T.); (Z.-W.Y.); (H.C.); (K.-Y.Y.)
| | - Chris Chun-Yiu Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (Z.Z.); (J.O.-L.T.); (B.Y.); (K.K.-H.C.); (C.C.-Y.C.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (K.T.); (Z.-W.Y.); (H.C.); (K.-Y.Y.)
| | - Jianli Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (Z.Z.); (J.O.-L.T.); (B.Y.); (K.K.-H.C.); (C.C.-Y.C.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (K.T.); (Z.-W.Y.); (H.C.); (K.-Y.Y.)
| | - Ronghui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (Z.Z.); (J.O.-L.T.); (B.Y.); (K.K.-H.C.); (C.C.-Y.C.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (K.T.); (Z.-W.Y.); (H.C.); (K.-Y.Y.)
| | - Kaiming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (Z.Z.); (J.O.-L.T.); (B.Y.); (K.K.-H.C.); (C.C.-Y.C.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (K.T.); (Z.-W.Y.); (H.C.); (K.-Y.Y.)
| | - Feifei Yin
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Zi-Wei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (Z.Z.); (J.O.-L.T.); (B.Y.); (K.K.-H.C.); (C.C.-Y.C.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (K.T.); (Z.-W.Y.); (H.C.); (K.-Y.Y.)
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (Z.Z.); (J.O.-L.T.); (B.Y.); (K.K.-H.C.); (C.C.-Y.C.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (K.T.); (Z.-W.Y.); (H.C.); (K.-Y.Y.)
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (Z.Z.); (J.O.-L.T.); (B.Y.); (K.K.-H.C.); (C.C.-Y.C.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (K.T.); (Z.-W.Y.); (H.C.); (K.-Y.Y.)
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China;
- Correspondence: (J.F.-W.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (Z.Z.); (J.O.-L.T.); (B.Y.); (K.K.-H.C.); (C.C.-Y.C.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (K.T.); (Z.-W.Y.); (H.C.); (K.-Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.F.-W.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (Z.Z.); (J.O.-L.T.); (B.Y.); (K.K.-H.C.); (C.C.-Y.C.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (K.T.); (Z.-W.Y.); (H.C.); (K.-Y.Y.)
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Komatsu Y, Tomonaga K. Reverse genetics approaches of Borna disease virus: applications in development of viral vectors and preventive vaccines. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 44:42-48. [PMID: 32659515 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The plasmid-based reverse genetics system, which involves generation of recombinant viruses from cloned cDNA, has accelerated the understanding of clinical and virological aspects of different viruses. Borna disease virus (BoDV) is a nonsegmented, negative-strand RNA virus that causes persistent intranuclear infection in various vertebrate species. Since its first report, reverse genetics approaches with modified strategies have greatly improved rescue efficiency of recombinant BoDV and enhanced the understanding of function of each viral protein and mechanism of intranuclear persistency. Here, we summarize different reverse genetics approaches of BoDV and recent developments in the use of reverse genetics for generation of viral vectors for gene therapy and virus-like particles for potential preventive vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Komatsu
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Keihanshin Consortium for Fostering the Next Generation of Global Leaders in Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nobach D, Müller J, Tappe D, Herden C. Update on immunopathology of bornavirus infections in humans and animals. Adv Virus Res 2020; 107:159-222. [PMID: 32711729 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge on bornaviruses has expanded tremendously during the last decade through detection of novel bornaviruses and endogenous bornavirus-like elements in many eukaryote genomes, as well as by confirmation of insectivores as reservoir species for classical Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1). The most intriguing finding was the demonstration of the zoonotic potential of lethal human bornavirus infections caused by a novel bornavirus of different squirrel species (variegated squirrel 1 bornavirus, VSBV-1) and by BoDV-1 known as the causative agent for the classical Borna disease in horses and sheep. Whereas a T cell-mediated immunopathology has already been confirmed as key disease mechanism for infection with BoDV-1 by experimental studies in rodents, the underlying pathomechanisms remain less clear for human bornavirus infections, infection with other bornaviruses or infection of reservoir species. Thus, an overview of current knowledge on the pathogenesis of bornavirus infections focusing on immunopathology is given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nobach
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jana Müller
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dennis Tappe
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Herden
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; Center for Brain, Mind and Behavior, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fares M, Cochet-Bernoin M, Gonzalez G, Montero-Menei CN, Blanchet O, Benchoua A, Boissart C, Lecollinet S, Richardson J, Haddad N, Coulpier M. Pathological modeling of TBEV infection reveals differential innate immune responses in human neurons and astrocytes that correlate with their susceptibility to infection. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:76. [PMID: 32127025 PMCID: PMC7053149 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01756-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family, Flavivirus genus, which includes several important human pathogens. It is responsible for neurological symptoms that may cause permanent disability or death, and, from a medical point of view, is the major arbovirus in Central/Northern Europe and North-Eastern Asia. TBEV tropism is critical for neuropathogenesis, yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms that govern the susceptibility of human brain cells to the virus. In this study, we sought to establish and characterize a new in vitro model of TBEV infection in the human brain and to decipher cell type-specific innate immunity and its relation to TBEV tropism and neuropathogenesis. METHOD Human neuronal/glial cells were differentiated from neural progenitor cells and infected with the TBEV-Hypr strain. Kinetics of infection, cellular tropism, and cellular responses, including innate immune responses, were characterized by measuring viral genome and viral titer, performing immunofluorescence, enumerating the different cellular types, and determining their rate of infection and by performing PCR array and qRT-PCR. The specific response of neurons and astrocytes was analyzed using the same approaches after enrichment of the neuronal/glial cultures for each cellular subtype. RESULTS We showed that infection of human neuronal/glial cells mimicked three major hallmarks of TBEV infection in the human brain, namely, preferential neuronal tropism, neuronal death, and astrogliosis. We further showed that these cells conserved their capacity to mount an antiviral response against TBEV. TBEV-infected neuronal/glial cells, therefore, represented a highly relevant pathological model. By enriching the cultures for either neurons or astrocytes, we further demonstrated qualitative and quantitative differential innate immune responses in the two cell types that correlated with their particular susceptibility to TBEV. CONCLUSION Our results thus reveal that cell type-specific innate immunity is likely to contribute to shaping TBEV tropism for human brain cells. They describe a new in vitro model for in-depth study of TBEV-induced neuropathogenesis and improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which neurotropic viruses target and damage human brain cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazigh Fares
- UMR1161 Virologie, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Marielle Cochet-Bernoin
- UMR1161 Virologie, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Gaëlle Gonzalez
- UMR1161 Virologie, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Claudia N Montero-Menei
- CRCINA, UMR 1232, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, F-49933, Angers, France
| | - Odile Blanchet
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques, CHU Angers, BB-0033-00038, Angers, France
| | | | | | - Sylvie Lecollinet
- UMR1161 Virologie, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jennifer Richardson
- UMR1161 Virologie, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nadia Haddad
- UMR BIPAR 956, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Muriel Coulpier
- UMR1161 Virologie, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Viral Equine Encephalitis, a Growing Threat to the Horse Population in Europe? Viruses 2019; 12:v12010023. [PMID: 31878129 PMCID: PMC7019608 DOI: 10.3390/v12010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders represent an important sanitary and economic threat for the equine industry worldwide. Among nervous diseases, viral encephalitis is of growing concern, due to the emergence of arboviruses and to the high contagiosity of herpesvirus-infected horses. The nature, severity and duration of the clinical signs could be different depending on the etiological agent and its virulence. However, definite diagnosis generally requires the implementation of combinations of direct and/or indirect screening assays in specialized laboratories. The equine practitioner, involved in a mission of prevention and surveillance, plays an important role in the clinical diagnosis of viral encephalitis. The general management of the horse is essentially supportive, focused on controlling pain and inflammation within the central nervous system, preventing injuries and providing supportive care. Despite its high medical relevance and economic impact in the equine industry, vaccines are not always available and there is no specific antiviral therapy. In this review, the major virological, clinical and epidemiological features of the main neuropathogenic viruses inducing encephalitis in equids in Europe, including rabies virus (Rhabdoviridae), Equid herpesviruses (Herpesviridae), Borna disease virus (Bornaviridae) and West Nile virus (Flaviviridae), as well as exotic viruses, will be presented.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ferraris P, Cochet M, Hamel R, Gladwyn-Ng I, Alfano C, Diop F, Garcia D, Talignani L, Montero-Menei CN, Nougairède A, Yssel H, Nguyen L, Coulpier M, Missé D. Zika virus differentially infects human neural progenitor cells according to their state of differentiation and dysregulates neurogenesis through the Notch pathway. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:1003-1016. [PMID: 31282298 PMCID: PMC6691766 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1637283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne Flavivirus that causes Zika disease with particular neurological complications, including Guillain-Barré Syndrome and congenital microcephaly. Although ZIKV has been shown to directly infect human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs), thereby decreasing their viability and growth, it is as yet unknown which of the cellular pathways involved in the disruption of neurogenesis are affected following ZIKV infection. By comparing the effect of two ZIKV strains in vitro on hNPCs, the differentiation process of the latter cells was found to lead to a decreased susceptibility to infection and cell death induced by each of the ZIKV strains, which was associated with an earlier and stronger antiviral innate immune response in infected, differentiated hNPCs, as compared to undifferentiated cells. Moreover, ZIKV modulated, both in hNPCs and in vivo in fetal brain in an experimental mouse model, the expression of the Notch pathway which is involved in cellular proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation during neurogenesis. These results show that the differentiation state of hNPCs is a significant factor contributing to the outcome of ZIKV infection and furthermore suggest that ZIKV infection might initiate early activation of the Notch pathway resulting in an abnormal differentiation process, implicated in ZIKV-induced brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marielle Cochet
- UMR1161 Virologie, ANSES, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Rodolphe Hamel
- MIVEGEC, IRD, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Ivan Gladwyn-Ng
- GIGA-Neuroscience, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Alfano
- GIGA-Neuroscience, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fodé Diop
- MIVEGEC, IRD, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Déborah Garcia
- MIVEGEC, IRD, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Loïc Talignani
- MIVEGEC, IRD, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Antoine Nougairède
- UVE, Aix Marseille Univ-IRD 190, Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Hans Yssel
- Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Inserm, U1135, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- GIGA-Neuroscience, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Muriel Coulpier
- UMR1161 Virologie, ANSES, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Dorothée Missé
- MIVEGEC, IRD, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chandwani MN, Creisher PS, O'Donnell LA. Understanding the Role of Antiviral Cytokines and Chemokines on Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Activity and Survival. Viral Immunol 2018; 32:15-24. [PMID: 30307795 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2018.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections of the central nervous system are accompanied by the expression of cytokines and chemokines that can be critical for the control of viral replication in the brain. The outcomes of cytokine/chemokine signaling in neural cells vary widely, with cell-specific effects on cellular activity, proliferation, and survival. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are often altered during viral infections, through direct infection by the virus or by the influence of immune cell activity or cytokine/chemokine signaling. However, it has been challenging to dissect the contribution of the virus and specific inflammatory mediators during an infection. In addition to initiating an antiviral program in infected NSPCs, cytokines/chemokines can induce multiple changes in NSPC behavior that can perturb NSPC numbers, differentiation into other neural cells, and migration to sites of injury, and ultimately brain development and repair. The focus of this review was to dissect the effects of common antiviral cytokines and chemokines on NSPC activity, and to consider the subsequent pathological consequences for the host from changes in NSPC function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha N Chandwani
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Administrative, and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick S Creisher
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Administrative, and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren A O'Donnell
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Administrative, and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mangale V, McIntyre LL, Walsh CM, Loring JF, Lane TE. Promoting remyelination through cell transplantation therapies in a model of viral-induced neurodegenerative disease. Dev Dyn 2018; 248:43-52. [PMID: 30067309 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) disease characterized by chronic neuroinflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage. Infiltration of activated lymphocytes and myeloid cells are thought to be primarily responsible for white matter damage and axonopathy. Several United States Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies exist that impede activated lymphocytes from entering the CNS thereby limiting new lesion formation in patients with relapse-remitting forms of MS. However, a significant challenge within the field of MS research is to develop effective and sustained therapies that allow for axonal protection and remyelination. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that some kinds of stem cells and their derivatives seem to be able to mute neuroinflammation as well as promote remyelination and axonal integrity. Intracranial infection of mice with the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) results in immune-mediated demyelination and axonopathy, making this an excellent model to interrogate the therapeutic potential of stem cell derivatives in evoking remyelination. This review provides a succinct overview of our recent findings using intraspinal injection of mouse CNS neural progenitor cells and human neural precursors into JHMV-infected mice. JHMV-infected mice receiving these cells display extensive remyelination associated with axonal sparing. In addition, we discuss possible mechanisms associated with sustained clinical recovery. Developmental Dynamics 248:43-52, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vrushali Mangale
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Laura L McIntyre
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Craig M Walsh
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Immunology, Inflammation, and Infectious Disease Initiative, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Barreau K, Montero-Menei C, Eyer J. The neurofilament derived-peptide NFL-TBS.40-63 enters in-vitro in human neural stem cells and increases their differentiation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201578. [PMID: 30092042 PMCID: PMC6084907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a promising approach to treat neurodegenerative diseases by replacing degenerating cells like neurons or oligodendrocytes. Targeting human neural stem cells directly in the brain is a big challenge in such a strategy. The neurofilament derived NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide has recently been introduced as a novel tool to target neural stem cells. Previous studies showed that this peptide can be internalized by rat neural stem cells in vitro and in vivo, which coincided with lower proliferation and self-renewal capacity and increase of differentiation. In this study, we analyzed the uptake and potential effects of the NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide on human neural stem cells isolated from human fetuses. We showed that the peptide inhibits proliferation and the ability to produce neurospheres in vitro, which is consistent with an increase in cell adhesion and differentiation. These results confirm that the peptide could be a promising molecule to target and manipulate human neural stem cells and thus could serve as a strategic tool for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristell Barreau
- Laboratoire Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles, Inserm 1066, CNRS 6021, Institut de Recherche en Ingénierie de la Santé, Bâtiment IBS Institut de Biologie de la Santé, Université Angers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Claudia Montero-Menei
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université Angers, Angers, France
| | - Joël Eyer
- Laboratoire Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles, Inserm 1066, CNRS 6021, Institut de Recherche en Ingénierie de la Santé, Bâtiment IBS Institut de Biologie de la Santé, Université Angers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Arab A, Mohebbi A, Afshar H, Moradi A. Multi-factorial Etiology of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia in Iran: No Evidence of Borna Disease Virus Genome. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.12.5.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
|
21
|
Meertens L, Labeau A, Dejarnac O, Cipriani S, Sinigaglia L, Bonnet-Madin L, Le Charpentier T, Hafirassou ML, Zamborlini A, Cao-Lormeau VM, Coulpier M, Missé D, Jouvenet N, Tabibiazar R, Gressens P, Schwartz O, Amara A. Axl Mediates ZIKA Virus Entry in Human Glial Cells and Modulates Innate Immune Responses. Cell Rep 2017; 18:324-333. [PMID: 28076778 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ZIKA virus (ZIKV) is an emerging pathogen responsible for neurological disorders and congenital microcephaly. However, the molecular basis for ZIKV neurotropism remains poorly understood. Here, we show that Axl is expressed in human microglia and astrocytes in the developing brain and that it mediates ZIKV infection of glial cells. Axl-mediated ZIKV entry requires the Axl ligand Gas6, which bridges ZIKV particles to glial cells. Following binding, ZIKV is internalized through clathrin-mediated endocytosis and traffics to Rab5+ endosomes to establish productive infection. During entry, the ZIKV/Gas6 complex activates Axl kinase activity, which downmodulates interferon signaling and facilitates infection. ZIKV infection of human glial cells is inhibited by MYD1, an engineered Axl decoy receptor, and by the Axl kinase inhibitor R428. Our results highlight the dual role of Axl during ZIKV infection of glial cells: promoting viral entry and modulating innate immune responses. Therefore, inhibiting Axl function may represent a potential target for future antiviral therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Meertens
- INSERM U944, CNRS 7212 Laboratoire de Pathologie et Virologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St. Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France.
| | - Athena Labeau
- INSERM U944, CNRS 7212 Laboratoire de Pathologie et Virologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St. Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Ophelie Dejarnac
- INSERM U944, CNRS 7212 Laboratoire de Pathologie et Virologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St. Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Sara Cipriani
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Laura Sinigaglia
- UMR CNRS 3569, Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Pasteur Institute, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Bonnet-Madin
- INSERM U944, CNRS 7212 Laboratoire de Pathologie et Virologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St. Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | | | - Mohamed Lamine Hafirassou
- INSERM U944, CNRS 7212 Laboratoire de Pathologie et Virologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St. Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Alessia Zamborlini
- INSERM U944, CNRS 7212 Laboratoire de Pathologie et Virologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St. Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France; Laboratoire PVM, Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers, 292 Rue Saint-Martin, 75003 Paris, France
| | | | - Muriel Coulpier
- ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR Virologie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Dorothée Missé
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC, UMR 224 IRD/CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- UMR CNRS 3569, Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Pasteur Institute, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Ray Tabibiazar
- Ruga Corporation, Two Houston Center, 909 Fannin St., #2000, Houston, TX 77010-1018, USA
| | - Pierre Gressens
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Unité Virus et Immunité, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Ali Amara
- INSERM U944, CNRS 7212 Laboratoire de Pathologie et Virologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St. Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang H, Zhang H, Li D, Chen S, Zhou C, Li Q, He P, Fang L, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhou J, Sun L, Liu S, Guo Y, Huang Y, Xie P. Different inhibitory effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of human and laboratory Borna disease virus‑infected human neuroblastoma SH‑SY5Y cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:925-931. [PMID: 29115502 PMCID: PMC5780172 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Borna disease virus (BDV) is a neurotropic and non‑cytolytic virus, which causes behavioral disorders in a wide range of warm‑blooded species. It is well established that BDV induces neurodegeneration by impairing neurogenesis and interfering with neuronal functioning in the limbic system. In the present study, the potential role of BDV infection in SH‑SY5Y cells was identified, and comparisons of two original BDV strains (the human Hu‑H1 and the laboratory Strain V) were performed to further elucidate the phenotypes of BDV pathogenesis with strain differences. Cell Counting Kit‑8 and flow cytometric analyses revealed that the two BDV strain‑infected groups exhibited marked anti‑proliferation and cell cycle arrest compared with the control group, and the Hu‑H1 strain caused more evident effects. However, the Hu‑H1 strain did not exert effects on the apoptosis of SH‑SH5Y cells, while Strain V led to a marked increase in apoptosis upon initial infection. Western blot analysis confirmed the upregulation of apoptosis regulator BAX protein and the downregulation of apoptosis regulator Bcl‑2 protein caused by the two BDV strains. The results of the present study provided evidence that infection with BDV suppressed SH‑SY5Y cellular functioning and exhibited divergent antiproliferative and apoptotic roles in cells between the two strains. The present study provided an insight for future investigation of strain differences and underlying pathomechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shigang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, P.R. China
| | - Chanjuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Peng He
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Lin Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Siwen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Guo
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, P.R. China
| | - Ying Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nonstructural Protein NSs of Schmallenberg Virus Is Targeted to the Nucleolus and Induces Nucleolar Disorganization. J Virol 2016; 91:JVI.01263-16. [PMID: 27795408 PMCID: PMC5165206 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01263-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Schmallenberg virus (SBV) was discovered in Germany in late 2011 and then spread rapidly to many European countries. SBV is an orthobunyavirus that causes abortion and congenital abnormalities in ruminants. A virus-encoded nonstructural protein, termed NSs, is a major virulence factor of SBV, and it is known to promote the degradation of Rpb1, a subunit of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex, and therefore hampers global cellular transcription. In this study, we found that NSs is mainly localized in the nucleus of infected cells and specifically appears to target the nucleolus through a nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) localized between residues 33 and 51 of the protein. NSs colocalizes with nucleolar markers such as B23 (nucleophosmin) and fibrillarin. We observed that in SBV-infected cells, B23 undergoes a nucleolus-to-nucleoplasm redistribution, evocative of virus-induced nucleolar disruption. In contrast, the nucleolar pattern of B23 was unchanged upon infection with an SBV recombinant mutant with NSs lacking the NoLS motif (SBVΔNoLS). Interestingly, unlike wild-type SBV, the inhibitory activity of SBVΔNoLS toward RNA Pol II transcription is impaired. Overall, our results suggest that a putative link exists between NSs-induced nucleolar disruption and its inhibitory function on cellular transcription, which consequently precludes the cellular antiviral response and/or induces cell death. IMPORTANCE Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an emerging arbovirus of ruminants that spread in Europe between 2011 and 2013. SBV induces fetal abnormalities during gestation, with the central nervous system being one of the most affected organs. The virus-encoded NSs protein acts as a virulence factor by impairing host cell transcription. Here, we show that NSs contains a nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) and induces disorganization of the nucleolus. The NoLS motif in the SBV NSs is absolutely necessary for virus-induced inhibition of cellular transcription. To our knowledge, this is the first report of nucleolar functions for NSs within the Bunyaviridae family.
Collapse
|
24
|
Fantetti KN, Gray EL, Ganesan P, Kulkarni A, O'Donnell LA. Interferon gamma protects neonatal neural stem/progenitor cells during measles virus infection of the brain. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:107. [PMID: 27178303 PMCID: PMC4867982 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the developing brain, self-renewing neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPC) give rise to neuronal and glial lineages. NSPC survival and differentiation can be altered by neurotropic viruses and by the anti-viral immune response. Several neurotropic viruses specifically target and infect NSPCs, in addition to inducing neuronal loss, which makes it difficult to distinguish between effects on NSPCs that are due to direct viral infection or due to the anti-viral immune response. METHODS We have investigated the impact of anti-viral immunity on NSPCs in measles virus (MV)-infected neonates. A neuron-restricted viral infection model was used, where NSPCs remain uninfected. Thus, an anti-viral immune response was induced without the confounding issue of NSPC infection. Two-transgenic mouse lines were used: CD46+ mice express the human isoform of CD46, the MV entry receptor, under the control of the neuron-specific enolase promoter; CD46+/IFNγ-KO mice lack the key anti-viral cytokine IFNγ. Multi-color flow cytometry and Western Blot analysis were used to quantify effects on NSPC, neuronal, and glial cell number, and quantify effects on IFNγ-mediated signaling and cell markers, respectively. RESULTS Flow cytometric analysis revealed that NSPCs were reduced in CD46+/IFNγ-KO mice at 3, 7, and 10 days post-infection (dpi), but were unaffected in CD46+ mice. Early neurons showed the greatest cell loss at 7 dpi in both genotypes, with no effect on mature neurons and glial cells. Thus, IFNγ protected against NSPC loss, but did not protect young neurons. Western Blot analyses on hippocampal explants showed reduced nestin expression in the absence of IFNγ, and reduced doublecortin and βIII-tubulin in both genotypes. Phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2 occurred independently of IFNγ in the hippocampus, albeit with distinct regulation of activation. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate bystander effects of anti-viral immunity on NSPC function. Our results show IFNγ protects the NSPC population during a neonatal viral CNS infection. Significant loss of NSPCs in CD46+/IFNγ-KO neonates suggests that the adaptive immune response is detrimental to NSPCs in the absence of IFNγ. These results reveal the importance and contribution of the anti-viral immune response to neuropathology and may be relevant to other neuroinflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen N Fantetti
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Erica L Gray
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Priya Ganesan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Apurva Kulkarni
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Lauren A O'Donnell
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Scordel C, Coulpier M. [The Borna disease virus phosphoprotein alters the development of human GABAergic neurons]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:1060-3. [PMID: 26672653 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Scordel
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and GeneCenter, Feodor-Lynen Strasse 25, Munich, Allemagne
| | - Muriel Coulpier
- INRA, UMR 1161 Virologie, 7, avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France - ANSES, UMR 1161 Virologie, 7, avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France - Université Paris-Est, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR 1161 Virologie, 7, avenue du Gal de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
A novel intranuclear RNA vector system for long-term stem cell modification. Gene Ther 2015; 23:256-62. [PMID: 26632671 PMCID: PMC4777691 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genetically modified stem and progenitor cells have emerged as a promising regenerative platform in the treatment of genetic and degenerative disorders, highlighted by their successful therapeutic use in inherent immunodeficiencies. However, biosafety concerns over insertional mutagenesis resulting from integrating recombinant viral vectors have overshadowed the widespread clinical applications of genetically modified stem cells. Here, we report an RNA-based episomal vector system, amenable for long-term transgene expression in stem cells. Specifically, we used a unique intranuclear RNA virus, Borna disease virus (BDV), as the gene transfer vehicle, capable of persistent infections in various cell types. BDV-based vectors allowed for long-term transgene expression in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) without affecting cellular morphology, cell surface CD105 expression, or the adipogenicity of MSCs. Similarly, replication-defective BDV vectors achieved long-term transduction of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), while maintaining the ability to differentiate into three embryonic germ layers. Thus, the BDV-based vectors offer a genomic modification-free, episomal RNA delivery system for sustained stem cell transduction.
Collapse
|
27
|
Pringproa K, Rungsiwiwut R, Tantilertcharoen R, Praphet R, Pruksananonda K, Baumgärtner W, Thanawongnuwech R. Tropism and Induction of Cytokines in Human Embryonic-Stem Cells-Derived Neural Progenitors upon Inoculation with Highly- Pathogenic Avian H5N1 Influenza Virus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135850. [PMID: 26274828 PMCID: PMC4537284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction caused by neurovirulent influenza viruses is a dreaded complication of infection, and may play a role in some neurodegenerative conditions, such as Parkinson-like diseases and encephalitis lethargica. Although CNS infection by highly pathogenic H5N1 virus has been demonstrated, it is unknown whether H5N1 infects neural progenitor cells, nor whether such infection plays a role in the neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. To pursue this question, we infected human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) differentiated from human embryonic stem cells in vitro with H5N1 virus, and studied the resulting cytopathology, cytokine expression, and genes involved in the differentiation. Human embryonic stem cells (BG01) were maintained and differentiated into the neural progenitors, and then infected by H5N1 virus (A/Chicken/Thailand/CUK2/04) at a multiplicity of infection of 1. At 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-infection (hpi), cytopathic effects were observed. Then cells were characterized by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, supernatants quantified for virus titers, and sampled cells studied for candidate genes.The hNPCs were susceptible to H5N1 virus infection as determined by morphological observation and immunofluorescence. The infection was characterized by a significant up-regulation of TNF-α gene expression, while expressions of IFN-α2, IFN-β1, IFN-γ and IL-6 remained unchanged compared to mock-infected controls. Moreover, H5N1 infection did not appear to alter expression of neuronal and astrocytic markers of hNPCs, such as β-III tubulin and GFAP, respectively. The results indicate that hNPCs support H5N1 virus infection and may play a role in the neuroinflammation during acute viral encephalitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kidsadagon Pringproa
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Ruttachuk Rungsiwiwut
- Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, Reproductive Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rachod Tantilertcharoen
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Reunkeaw Praphet
- Institute Product Quality and Standardization, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kamthorn Pruksananonda
- Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, Reproductive Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roongroje Thanawongnuwech
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Scordel C, Huttin A, Cochet-Bernoin M, Szelechowski M, Poulet A, Richardson J, Benchoua A, Gonzalez-Dunia D, Eloit M, Coulpier M. Borna disease virus phosphoprotein impairs the developmental program controlling neurogenesis and reduces human GABAergic neurogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004859. [PMID: 25923687 PMCID: PMC4414417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that persistent viral infection may impair cellular function of specialized cells without overt damage. This concept, when applied to neurotropic viruses, may help to understand certain neurologic and neuropsychiatric diseases. Borna disease virus (BDV) is an excellent example of a persistent virus that targets the brain, impairs neural functions without cell lysis, and ultimately results in neurobehavioral disturbances. Recently, we have shown that BDV infects human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) and impairs neurogenesis, revealing a new mechanism by which BDV may interfere with brain function. Here, we sought to identify the viral proteins and molecular pathways that are involved. Using lentiviral vectors for expression of the bdv-p and bdv-x viral genes, we demonstrate that the phosphoprotein P, but not the X protein, diminishes human neurogenesis and, more particularly, GABAergic neurogenesis. We further reveal a decrease in pro-neuronal factors known to be involved in neuronal differentiation (ApoE, Noggin, TH and Scg10/Stathmin2), demonstrating that cellular dysfunction is associated with impairment of specific components of the molecular program that controls neurogenesis. Our findings thus provide the first evidence that a viral protein impairs GABAergic human neurogenesis, a process that is dysregulated in several neuropsychiatric disorders. They improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which a persistent virus may interfere with brain development and function in the adult. When a virus enters the brain, it most often induces inflammation, fever, and brain injury, all signs that are indicative of acute encephalitis. Under certain conditions, however, some neurotropic viruses may cause disease in a subtler manner. The Borna disease virus (BDV) is an excellent example of this second class of viruses, as it impairs neural function without cell lysis and induces neurobehavioral disturbances. Recently, we have shown that BDV infects human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) and impairs neurogenesis, revealing a new mechanism by which BDV may interfere with brain function. In the present study, we identify that a singled-out BDV protein called P causes similar impairment of human neurogenesis, and further show that it leads to diminution in the genesis of a particular neuronal subtype, the GABAergic neurons. We have also found that the expression of several genes involved in the generation and the maturation of neurons is dysregulated by this viral protein, which strongly suggests their implication in P-induced impairment of GABAergic neurogenesis. This study is the first to demonstrate that a viral protein interferes with human GABAergic neurogenesis, a process that is frequently impaired in neuropsychiatric disorders. It may thus contribute to elucidating the molecular bases of psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Scordel
- INRA, UMR 1161, Maisons-Alfort, France
- ANSES, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Alexandra Huttin
- INRA, UMR 1161, Maisons-Alfort, France
- ANSES, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marielle Cochet-Bernoin
- INRA, UMR 1161, Maisons-Alfort, France
- ANSES, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marion Szelechowski
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1043, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5282, Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jennifer Richardson
- INRA, UMR 1161, Maisons-Alfort, France
- ANSES, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Daniel Gonzalez-Dunia
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1043, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5282, Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Eloit
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Pasteur Institute, Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Biology of Infection Unit, INSERM U1117, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Coulpier
- INRA, UMR 1161, Maisons-Alfort, France
- ANSES, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huang HI, Lin JY, Chen HH, Yeh SB, Kuo RL, Weng KF, Shih SR. Enterovirus 71 infects brain-derived neural progenitor cells. Virology 2014; 468-470:592-600. [PMID: 25299565 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are stem cells that can differentiate into various neural lineage cells. The damage and loss of NPCs are associated with neurological conditions such as cognitive deficits and memory impairment. In a long-term study of patients with EV71, cognitive disorders were observed. Therefore, we hypothesized that NPCs may be permissive to EV71 infection. We demonstrated that NPCs are prone to EV71 infection and that these stem cells can support the active replication of this virus. Furthermore, EV71 infection triggers apoptosis, resulting in significant cell death in infected NPCs. However, EV71 did not replicate in the differentiated cell types that were tested. Our findings suggest that EV71 can infect NPCs and cause the depletion of these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-I Huang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Jhao-Yin Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Hsu Chen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shiou-Bang Yeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rei-Lin Kuo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Feng Weng
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC; Clinical Virology Lab, Department of Clinical Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gagnieur L, Cheval J, Cochet M, Breard E, Gratigny M, Hébert C, Muth E, Viarouge C, Dumarest M, Coulpier M, Eloit M. Analysis by high throughput sequencing of Specific Pathogen Free eggs. Biologicals 2014; 42:218-9. [PMID: 24930452 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) embryonated eggs are used for the production of many veterinary and human vaccines. We have used High Throughput Sequencing to screen allantoic fluids and embryos for the presence of encapsidated viral genomes and viral transcripts, respectively. SPF eggs from two different producers were tested. We evidenced sequences corresponding to known endogenous retroviruses and sequences of Avian Leukosis Virus, but no sequence that might suggest a productive infection of eggs with a virus even distant from known viruses. Our results strongly suggest that SPF eggs such as those used for this study represent a safe substrate for the production of vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léa Gagnieur
- Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Pathogen Discovery, Department of Virology, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75724 Paris, France
| | - Justine Cheval
- PathoQuest, Bâtiment François Jacob, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Marielle Cochet
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR 1161 Virologie ENVA, INRA, ANSES, 7 Avenue Général de Gaulle, F-94704 Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Emmanuel Breard
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR 1161 Virologie ENVA, INRA, ANSES, 7 Avenue Général de Gaulle, F-94704 Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Marlène Gratigny
- PathoQuest, Bâtiment François Jacob, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Charles Hébert
- PathoQuest, Bâtiment François Jacob, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Erika Muth
- PathoQuest, Bâtiment François Jacob, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Viarouge
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR 1161 Virologie ENVA, INRA, ANSES, 7 Avenue Général de Gaulle, F-94704 Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Marine Dumarest
- Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Pathogen Discovery, Department of Virology, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75724 Paris, France
| | - Muriel Coulpier
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR 1161 Virologie ENVA, INRA, ANSES, 7 Avenue Général de Gaulle, F-94704 Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Marc Eloit
- Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Pathogen Discovery, Department of Virology, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75724 Paris, France; PathoQuest, Bâtiment François Jacob, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR 1161 Virologie ENVA, INRA, ANSES, 7 Avenue Général de Gaulle, F-94704 Maisons Alfort, France.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Plaisted WC, Weinger JG, Walsh CM, Lane TE. T cell mediated suppression of neurotropic coronavirus replication in neural precursor cells. Virology 2013; 449:235-43. [PMID: 24418558 PMCID: PMC3894587 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neural precursor cells (NPCs) are the subject of intense investigation for their potential to treat neurodegenerative disorders, yet the consequences of neuroinvasive virus infection of NPCs remain unclear. This study demonstrates that NPCs support replication following infection by the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV). JHMV infection leads to increased cell death and dampens IFN-γ-induced MHC class II expression. Importantly, cytokines secreted by CD4+ T cells inhibit JHMV replication in NPCs, and CD8+ T cells specifically target viral peptide-pulsed NPCs for lysis. Furthermore, treatment with IFN-γ inhibits JHMV replication in a dose-dependent manner. Together, these findings suggest that T cells play a critical role in controlling replication of a neurotropic virus in NPCs, a finding which has important implications when considering immune modulation for NPC-based therapies for treatment of human neurologic diseases. Murine neural precursor cells are infected by JHMV in a CEACAM1a-dependent manner. Peptide-pulsed NPCs are targeted for lysis by virus-specific CD8+ T cells. JHMV replication in NPCs is suppressed by CD4+ T cells through IFN-γ secretion. IFN-γ dampens CEACAM1a expression and JHMV protein production in NPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warren C Plaisted
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine 92697-3900, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine 92697-3900, USA
| | - Jason G Weinger
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine 92697-3900, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine 92697-3900, USA
| | - Craig M Walsh
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine 92697-3900, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine 92697-3900, USA; Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, University of California, Irvine 92697-3900, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine 92697-3900, USA
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine 92697-3900, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine 92697-3900, USA; Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, University of California, Irvine 92697-3900, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine 92697-3900, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Horie M, Kobayashi Y, Suzuki Y, Tomonaga K. Comprehensive analysis of endogenous bornavirus-like elements in eukaryote genomes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20120499. [PMID: 23938751 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bornaviruses are the only animal RNA viruses that establish a persistent infection in their host cell nucleus. Studies of bornaviruses have provided unique information about viral replication strategies and virus-host interactions. Although bornaviruses do not integrate into the host genome during their replication cycle, we and others have recently reported that there are DNA sequences derived from the mRNAs of ancient bornaviruses in the genomes of vertebrates, including humans, and these have been designated endogenous borna-like (EBL) elements. Therefore, bornaviruses have been interacting with their hosts as driving forces in the evolution of host genomes in a previously unexpected way. Studies of EBL elements have provided new models for virology, evolutionary biology and general cell biology. In this review, we summarize the data on EBL elements including what we have newly identified in eukaryotes genomes, and discuss the biological significance of EBL elements, with a focus on EBL nucleoprotein elements in mammalian genomes. Surprisingly, EBL elements were detected in the genomes of invertebrates, suggesting that the host range of bornaviruses may be much wider than previously thought. We also review our new data on non-retroviral integration of Borna disease virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Horie
- Department of Virology, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Freiburg, , 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Human but Not Laboratory Borna Disease Virus Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Human Oligodendrocytes In Vitro. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66623. [PMID: 23805250 PMCID: PMC3689772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Borna disease virus (BDV) is a neurotropic virus that produces neuropsychiatric dysfunction in a wide range of warm-blooded species. Several studies have associated BDV with human psychiatric illness, but the findings remain controversial. Although oligodendrocytes are a major glial component of brain white matter and play a pivotal role in neuronal cell function, BDV's effects on human oligodendrocytes have not been clarified. Here, the effects of two BDV strains, Hu-H1 (isolated from a bipolar patient) and Strain V (a laboratory strain), on the proliferation and apoptosis of human oligodendrocytes were investigated. Three experimental cell lines were constructed: Hu-H1-infected oligodendroglioma (Hu-H1) cells, Strain V-infected oligodendroglioma (Strain V) cells, and non-infected oligodendroglioma (control) cells. BDV infection was assayed by BDV nucleoprotein (p40) immunofluorescence, cell proliferation was assayed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), and cell cycle phases and apoptosis were assayed by flow cytometry. Expressions of the apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2 were measured by Western blotting. p40 expression was confirmed in Hu-H1 and Strain V on and after day three post-infection. Strain V cells showed significantly greater cellular proliferation than Hu-H1 cells on and after day three post-infection. In Hu-H1 cells, Bax and Bcl-2 expression were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, on and after day three post-infection. In contrast, in Strain V cells, Bax and Bcl-2 expression were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, on and after day three post-infection. In conclusion, Hu-H1 inhibits cellular proliferation and promotes apoptosis in human oligodendrocytes via Bax upregulation and Bcl-2 downregulation. In contrast, Strain V promotes cellular proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in human oligodendrocytes via Bax downregulation and Bcl-2 upregulation. The effects of the Hu-H1 strain (isolated from a bipolar patient) are opposite from those of Strain V (a laboratory strain), thereby providing a proof of authenticity for both.
Collapse
|
34
|
Farmer JR, Altschaefl KM, O'Shea KS, Miller DJ. Activation of the type I interferon pathway is enhanced in response to human neuronal differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58813. [PMID: 23505563 PMCID: PMC3591356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the crucial role of innate immunity in preventing or controlling pathogen-induced damage in most, if not all, cell types, very little is known about the activity of this essential defense system in central nervous system neurons, especially in humans. In this report we use both an established neuronal cell line model and an embryonic stem cell-based system to examine human neuronal innate immunity and responses to neurotropic alphavirus infection in cultured cells. We demonstrate that neuronal differentiation is associated with increased expression of crucial type I interferon signaling pathway components, including interferon regulatory factor-9 and an interferon receptor heterodimer subunit, which results in enhanced interferon stimulation and subsequent heightened antiviral activity and cytoprotective responses against neurotropic alphaviruses such as western equine encephalitis virus. These results identify important differentiation-dependent changes in innate immune system function that control cell-autonomous neuronal responses. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the utility of human embryonic stem cell-derived cultures as a platform to study the interactions between innate immunity, virus infection, and pathogenesis in central nervous system neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn R. Farmer
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kate M. Altschaefl
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - K. Sue O'Shea
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - David J. Miller
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: .
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bahuon C, Desprès P, Pardigon N, Panthier JJ, Cordonnier N, Lowenski S, Richardson J, Zientara S, Lecollinet S. IS-98-ST1 West Nile virus derived from an infectious cDNA clone retains neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence properties of the original virus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47666. [PMID: 23110088 PMCID: PMC3479121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious clones of West Nile virus (WNV) have previously been generated and used to decipher the role of viral proteins in WNV virulence. The majority of molecular clones obtained to date have been derived from North American, Australian, or African isolates. Here, we describe the construction of an infectious cDNA clone of a Mediterranean WNV strain, IS-98-ST1. We characterized the biological properties of the recovered recombinant virus in cell culture and in mice. The growth kinetics of recombinant and parental WNV were similar in Vero cells. Moreover, the phenotype of recombinant and parental WNV was indistinguishable as regards viremia, viral load in the brain, and mortality in susceptible and resistant mice. Finally, the pathobiology of the infectious clone was examined in embryonated chicken eggs. The capacity of different WNV strains to replicate in embryonated chicken eggs closely paralleled their ability to replicate in mice, suggesting that inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs could provide a practical in vivo model for the study of WNV pathogenesis. In conclusion, the IS-98-ST1 infectious clone will allow assessment of the impact of selected mutations and novel genomic changes appearing in emerging European strains pathogenicity and endemic or epidemic potential. This will be invaluable in the context of an increasing number of outbreaks and enhanced severity of infections in the Mediterranean basin and Eastern Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bahuon
- UMR 1161 VIROLOGIE ANSES-INRA-ENVA, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bornavirus Closely Associates and Segregates with Host Chromosomes to Ensure Persistent Intranuclear Infection. Cell Host Microbe 2012; 11:492-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|