1
|
Ling C, Yu C, Wang C, Yang M, Yang H, Yang K, He Y, Shen Y, Tang S, Yu X, Zhou Z, Zhou S, Zhou J, Zhu L, Li J. rAAV capsid mutants eliminate leaky expression from DNA donor template for homologous recombination. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:6518-6531. [PMID: 38783157 PMCID: PMC11194064 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise genomic editing through the combination of CRISPR/Cas systems and recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-delivered homology directed repair (HDR) donor templates represents a powerful approach. However, the challenge of effectively suppressing leaky transcription from the rAAV vector, a phenomenon associated to cytotoxicity, persists. In this study, we demonstrated substantial promoter activities of various homology arms and inverted terminal repeats (ITR). To address this issue, we identified a novel rAAV variant, Y704T, which not only yields high-vector quantities but also effectively suppresses in cis mRNA transcription driven by a robust promoter. The Y704T variant maintains normal functionality in receptor interaction, intracellular trafficking, nuclear entry, uncoating, and second-strand synthesis, while specifically exhibiting defects in transcription. Importantly, this inhibitory effect is found to be independent of ITR, promoter types, and RNA polymerases. Mechanistic studies unveiled the involvement of Valosin Containing Protein (VCP/p97) in capsid-mediated transcription repression. Remarkably, the Y704T variant delivers HDR donor templates without compromising DNA replication ability and homologous recombination efficiency. In summary, our findings enhance the understanding of capsid-regulated transcription and introduce novel avenues for the application of the rAAV-CRISPR/Cas9 system in human gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Chenghui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hengbin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Keying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yun He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yajie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shiyi Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhengjun Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shaolai Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liqing Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are an important cause of child morbidity and mortality globally, especially in children under the age of 5 years in Africa. Respiratory viruses, including human adenoviruses (HAdVs), are common causes of LRTIs in children. This review aims to shed light on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, sequelae, and treatment options specific to adenovirus respiratory infections in African children. RECENT FINDINGS Recent evidence has challenged the perception that adenovirus is a negligible cause of LRTIs. Studies show HAdV emerging as the third most common viral pathogen in fatal pneumonias among under-5 children in low-income and middle-income African countries, contributing to 5.5% of all pneumonia deaths and ranking second in hospital-associated viral pneumonia deaths. Predominant HAdV serotypes associated with disease differ by country and region, and have changed over time. Risk factors for increased disease severity and long-term respiratory sequelae in previously healthy African children with HAdV LRTIs are not well established. SUMMARY Although respiratory viruses, including HAdV, are recognized contributors to LRTIs, the prevalence and impact of adenovirus infections have been under-recognized and understated. Available data suggests that African children, particularly those under 5 years old, are at risk of severe sequelae from respiratory HAdV infections. Long-term sequelae, including bronchiectasis and postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans, further underscore the significant impact of HAdV infections. However, the scarcity of comprehensive data hampers our understanding of the extent of the impact of HAdV infections on child lung health in Africa. We recommend scaled-up HAdV surveillance, ensuring its consistent inclusion in population-level LRTI assessments, and expanded and equitable access to diagnostics for early recognition of African children at risk of developing chronic sequelae and death. Enhanced understanding of adenovirus epidemiology and clinical outcomes and the availability of therapeutic options are essential for informed public health strategies and clinical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke M. van der Zalm
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nadia A. Sam-Agudu
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Coast School of Medical Sciences, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Global Pediatrics program and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lilly M. Verhagen
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Amalia Children's Hospital
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Adachi H, Minagawa H, Hirose E, Nakamura N, Niimi H, Saito N, Ito M, Sato K, Yasui Y. Genetic Comparison of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Detected in Respiratory Samples from Patients with Encephalopathy and Airway Inflammation in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2024; 77:155-160. [PMID: 38296544 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3, human respirovirus 3) is the second most frequently detected virus in lower respiratory tract infections in children after human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). HPIV-3, similar to related respiratory viruses such as HRSV and influenza virus, may cause encephalopathy; however, the relevance of HPIV-3 as a pathogenic factor in encephalopathy is unknown. We attempted to detect HPIV-1, HPIV-2, HPIV-3, HPIV-4, HRSV, and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in 136 patients with encephalitis/encephalopathy or suspected encephalitis/encephalopathy during a 6-year period from 2014 to 2019. HPIV-3 was detected in 6 patients, followed by HRSV in 3 patients. The HPIV-3 strains detected were closely related to those detected in a patient with respiratory disease during the same period. Although HPIV-3 is less widely recognized than HRSV as a triggering virus of encephalopathy, our results suggest that HPIV-3 is as important as HRSV. Surveillance of the causative viruses of encephalopathy, including HPIV-3, would help clarify the causes of encephalopathy in Japan, as the cause is currently reported in less than half of cases in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Adachi
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Japan
| | - Hiroko Minagawa
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Japan
| | - Emi Hirose
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Japan
| | - Noriko Nakamura
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Japan
| | - Hitomi Niimi
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Japan
| | - Noriko Saito
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Japan
| | - Miyabi Ito
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Sato
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yasui
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pinski AN, Gan T, Lin SC, Droit L, Diamond M, Barouch DH, Wang D. Isolation of a recombinant simian adenovirus encoding the human adenovirus G52 hexon suggests a simian origin for human adenovirus G52. J Virol 2024; 98:e0004324. [PMID: 38497664 PMCID: PMC11019922 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00043-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are causative agents of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. These double-stranded DNA viruses are phylogenetically classified into seven different species (A-G). HAdV-G52, originally isolated in 2008 from a patient presenting with gastroenteritis, is the sole human-derived member of species G. Phylogenetic analysis previously suggested that HAdV-G52 may have a simian origin, indicating a potential zoonotic spillover into humans. However, evidence of HAdV-G52 in either human or simian populations has not been reported since. Here, we describe the isolation and in vitro characterization of rhesus (rh)AdV-69, a novel simian AdV with clear evidence of recombination with HAdV-G52, from the stool of a rhesus macaque. Specifically, the rhAdV-69 hexon capsid protein is 100% identical to that of HAdV-G52, whereas the remainder of the genome is most similar to rhAdV-55, sharing 95.36% nucleic acid identity. A second recombination event with an unknown adenovirus (AdV) is evident at the short fiber gene. From the same sample, we also isolated a second, highly related recombinant AdV (rhAdV-68) that harbors a distinct hexon gene but nearly identical backbone compared to rhAdV-69. In vitro, rhAdV-68 and rhAdV-69 demonstrate comparable growth kinetics and tropisms in human cell lines, nonhuman cell lines, and human enteroids. Furthermore, we show that coinfection of highly related AdVs is not unique to this sample since we also isolated coinfecting rhAdVs from two additional rhesus macaque stool samples. Our data collectively contribute to elucidating the origins of HAdV-G52 and provide insights into the frequency of coinfections and subsequent recombination in AdV evolution.IMPORTANCEUnderstanding the host origins of adenoviruses (AdVs) is critical for public health as transmission of viruses from animals to humans can lead to emergent viruses. Recombination between animal and human AdVs can also produce emergent viruses. HAdV-G52 is the only human-derived member of the HAdV G species. It has been suggested that HAdV-G52 has a simian origin. Here, we isolated from a rhesus macaque, a novel rhAdV, rhAdV-69, that encodes a hexon protein that is 100% identical to that of HAdV-G52. This observation suggests that HAdV-G52 may indeed have a simian origin. We also isolated a highly related rhAdV, differing only in the hexon gene, from the same rhesus macaque stool sample as rhAdV-69, illustrating the potential for co-infection of closely related AdVs and recombination at the hexon gene. Furthermore, our study highlights the critical role of whole-genome sequencing in understanding AdV evolution and monitoring the emergence of pathogenic AdVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Pinski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tianyu Gan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shih-Ching Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lindsay Droit
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael Diamond
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu M, Shi Y, Liu Y, Li Z, Wu H, Yu Z, Wang Z, Xu C. A Human Adenovirus C Infection-Related Gene Panel for Predicting Survival and Treatment Responsiveness in Glioma Patients. World Neurosurg 2024; 183:e173-e186. [PMID: 38097166 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viruses are critical for the regulation of cancer development and for therapy. Human adenovirus C (HadVC) has been detected in central nervous system and glioma tissue. The objective of the present study was the development of a robust prognostic model based on HadVC infection (HadVCi)-relevant genes. METHODS The genome, transcriptome, and virome were systemically analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset for training and 2 cohorts from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas and an immunotherapy trial cohort with 17 patients receiving anti-PD-1 treatment for validation. HadVCi-relevant gene selection from differentially expressed genes between HadVC-infected and non-HadVC-infected glioma patients using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was followed by Cox regression modeling to establish a prognostic HadVCi score. Kaplan-Meier and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to estimate the predictive capacity of the HadVCi score. The χ2, Spearman, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to identify the correlation with the clinicopathological parameters, treatment responsiveness, and immune landscape. Temozolomide-resistant glioma cells were established and analyzed at the transcriptional level using RNA sequencing data. RESULTS The HadVCi score was (-0.2526673∗TRPC6) + (-0.2244276∗RNF207) + (-0.0894468∗SEC31B) + (-0.0190214∗ZCRB1) + (-0.017122∗DNPH1) + (0.0495818∗CCDC34) + (0.1196349∗PURG) + (0.1778997∗LILRA5). The score possesses a strong ability to predict overall survival. Further analysis revealed a higher HadVCi score correlated with a malignant phenotype and poorer treatment responsiveness to temozolomide-based chemotherapy and combined therapies. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis showed malignancy-, stemness-, and radioresistant-related gene activation in the HadVCi group, which characterized the poor outcomes and limited sensitivity to standard therapy. CONCLUSIONS The HadVCi score could be an effective tool for survival prediction and treatment guidance for patients with glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengwan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuoyang Yu
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Farkas K, Mannion F, Sorby R, Winterbourn B, Allender S, Gregory CGM, Holding P, Thorpe JM, Malham SK, Le Vay L. Assessment of wastewater derived pollution using viral monitoring in two estuaries. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116081. [PMID: 38354589 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Human wastewater-derived pollution of the environment is an emerging health risk that increases the number of waterborne and foodborne illnesses globally. To better understand and mitigate such health risks, we investigated the prevalence of faecal indicator bacteria, Escherichia coli, and indicator virus (crAssphage) along with human and animal enteric viruses (adenoviruses, noroviruses, sapoviruses, hepatitis E virus) in shellfish and water samples collected from two shellfish harvesting areas in the UK. Human noroviruses were detected at higher detection rates in oyster and water samples compared to mussels with peaks during the autumn-winter seasons. Human enteric viruses were sporadically detected during the warmer months, suggesting potential introduction by tourists following the relaxation of COVID-19 lockdown measures. Our results suggest that viral indicators are more suitable for risk assessment and source tracking than E. coli. The detection of emerging hepatitis and sapoviruses, support the need for comprehensive viral monitoring in shellfish harvesting areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kata Farkas
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK; School of Environment & Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK.
| | - Finn Mannion
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK
| | - Rees Sorby
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK
| | - Ben Winterbourn
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK
| | - Susan Allender
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK
| | - Charlie G M Gregory
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK; School of Environment & Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | - Phoebe Holding
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK
| | - Jamie M Thorpe
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK
| | - Shelagh K Malham
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK
| | - Lewis Le Vay
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Atto B, Anteneh Y, Bialasiewicz S, Binks MJ, Hashemi M, Hill J, Thornton RB, Westaway J, Marsh RL. The Respiratory Microbiome in Paediatric Chronic Wet Cough: What Is Known and Future Directions. J Clin Med 2023; 13:171. [PMID: 38202177 PMCID: PMC10779485 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic wet cough for longer than 4 weeks is a hallmark of chronic suppurative lung diseases (CSLD), including protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB), and bronchiectasis in children. Severe lower respiratory infection early in life is a major risk factor of PBB and paediatric bronchiectasis. In these conditions, failure to clear an underlying endobronchial infection is hypothesised to drive ongoing inflammation and progressive tissue damage that culminates in irreversible bronchiectasis. Historically, the microbiology of paediatric chronic wet cough has been defined by culture-based studies focused on the detection and eradication of specific bacterial pathogens. Various 'omics technologies now allow for a more nuanced investigation of respiratory pathobiology and are enabling development of endotype-based models of care. Recent years have seen substantial advances in defining respiratory endotypes among adults with CSLD; however, less is understood about diseases affecting children. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the airway microbiome among children with chronic wet cough related to the PBB-bronchiectasis diagnostic continuum. We explore concepts emerging from the gut-lung axis and multi-omic studies that are expected to influence PBB and bronchiectasis endotyping efforts. We also consider how our evolving understanding of the airway microbiome is translating to new approaches in chronic wet cough diagnostics and treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Atto
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
| | - Yitayal Anteneh
- Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia; (Y.A.); (M.J.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Seweryn Bialasiewicz
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Michael J. Binks
- Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia; (Y.A.); (M.J.B.); (J.W.)
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Mostafa Hashemi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (M.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Jane Hill
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (M.H.); (J.H.)
- Spire Health Technology, PBC, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ruth B. Thornton
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jacob Westaway
- Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia; (Y.A.); (M.J.B.); (J.W.)
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Robyn L. Marsh
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
- Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia; (Y.A.); (M.J.B.); (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Grand RJ. Pathogenicity and virulence of human adenovirus F41: Possible links to severe hepatitis in children. Virulence 2023; 14:2242544. [PMID: 37543996 PMCID: PMC10405776 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2242544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 100 human adenoviruses (HAdVs) have been isolated and allocated to seven species, A-G. Species F comprises two members-HAdV-F40 and HAdV-F41. As their primary site of infection is the gastrointestinal tract they have been termed, with species A, enteric adenoviruses. HAdV-F40 and HAdV-F41 are a common cause of gastroenteritis and diarrhoea in children. Partly because of difficulties in propagating the viruses in the laboratory, due to their restrictions on growth in many cell lines, our knowledge of the properties of individual viral proteins is limited. However, the structure of HAdV-F41 has recently been determined by cryo-electron microscopy. The overall structure is similar to those of HAdV-C5 and HAdV-D26 although with some differences. The sequence and arrangement of the hexon hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) and the arrangement of the C-terminal region of protein IX differ. Variations in the penton base and hexon HVR1 may play a role in facilitating infection of intestinal cells by HAdV-F41. A unique feature of HAdV-F40 and F41, among human adenoviruses, is the presence and expression of two fibre genes, giving long and short fibre proteins. This may also contribute to the tropism of these viruses. HAdV-F41 has been linked to a recent outbreak of severe acute hepatitis "of unknown origin" in young children. Further investigation has shown a very high prevalence of adeno-associated virus-2 in the liver and/or plasma of some cohorts of patients. These observations have proved controversial as HAdV-F41 had not been reported to infect the liver and AAV-2 has generally been considered harmless.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger J. Grand
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Science, the Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zou P, Wang Q, Zhang P, Luo S, Wang C, Zhang E, Zhang L, Li C, Li T. Characterization of Pre-Existing Neutralizing Antibody to Human Adenovirus Types 5 and 49 and Simian Type 23 in Chinese Population. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:617-625. [PMID: 37903228 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adenovirus vector has been widely used in vaccine development. Due to the pre-existing immunity of human adenovirus type 5 (HAd5) in humans, a range of rare human and chimpanzee adenovirus vectors have been developed. In the previous study, we constructed novel adenovirus vector Sad23L and Ad49L based on simian adenovirus type 23 (SAd23) and human adenovirus type 49 (HAd49), which were used in the development of ZIKV and COVID-19 vaccines. However, the levels of pre-existing neutralizing antibody (NAb) of HAd49 and SAd23 remain unclear in China. In this study, we measured NAbs titers of HAd5, HAd49, and SAd23 in 600 healthy blood donors from 6 regions across China. NAb titer of HAd49 or SAd23 was significantly lower than that of HAd5 (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in seroprevalence and NAb titers of three adenoviruses between male and female donors. The seropositive rates of HAd5 and SAd23 increased with age growth in a positive correlation (p < 0.01), while in contrast to HAd5, HAd49, and SAd23 had a low level of pre-existing immunity in Chinese population, which suggested that Ad49L and Sad23L vectors could be used in vaccine development for humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zou
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panli Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengxue Luo
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enhui Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyao Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Goren LR, Adeyi O, Thielen BK. Possible Donor-Derived Infection in a Pediatric Liver Transplant Patient With Granulomatous Hepatitis. Cureus 2023; 15:e49136. [PMID: 38130518 PMCID: PMC10733164 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric liver transplant recipients are a high-risk group for the development of adenovirus hepatitis and other manifestations of disseminated adenoviral disease. The risk is greatest during periods of increased immunosuppression, including immediately post-transplantation and following treatment for rejection. Manifestations of adenovirus hepatitis are heterogeneous with a wide spectrum of clinical severity, ranging from mild, focal disease to fulminant liver failure. Here we report a case of liver transplantation-associated adenovirus hepatitis presenting with fever and multifocal liver lesions. The diagnosis was not clinically suspected due to atypical imaging findings and pathology. Non-targeted metagenomic sequencing of plasma cell-free DNA facilitated and expedited the diagnosis. Confirmatory conventional testing was obtained, allowing for appropriate initiation of targeted treatment in this patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea R Goren
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Oyedele Adeyi
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Beth K Thielen
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang S, Wang H, Li L, Xiang W, Song Z, Li W. Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analyses of human adenovirus in pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections from Hangzhou during COVID-19 pandemic. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1237074. [PMID: 37614906 PMCID: PMC10442704 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1237074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Human Adenovirus (HAdV), responsible for 5%-10% of children's ARIs, is one of the most prevalent pathogens. Our study aimed to analyze the epidemiology and phylogenesis of HAdV in pediatric patients with ARIs in Hangzhou during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method Between November 2020 and March 2021, we collected 1,442 nasopharyngeal swabs from children with ARIs at Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Epidemiological statistics, phylogenetic and amino acid (AA) mutation analysis were conducted. Results Our findings revealed that 386 (26.77%) samples tested positive for HAdV, with the highest rate in children aged 6-18 years and the lowest in children aged 0-1 year, indicating a different age preference of HAdV compared with pre-pandemic period. Outpatients had a significantly higher positive rate than inpatients. Moreover, patients with HAdV-coinfection exhibited more severe clinical symptoms than those with HAdV-single infection. Our phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that species HAdV-C (type 1, 2, 6) were the predominant circulating strains in Hangzhou during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further AA mutation analysis identified seventeen mutations of particular concern for biological characterization. Conclusion In conclusion, our study provides valuable epidemiological and molecular data that will aid in epidemiological surveillance, antiviral therapies and the development of specific vaccine types, leading to improve public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Song
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Oncology, OrigiMed, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ukuli QA, Erima B, Mubiru A, Atim G, Tugume T, Kibuuka H, Mworozi E, Ducatez MF, Wabwire-Mangen F, Byarugaba DK. Molecular characterisation of human adenoviruses associated with respiratory infections in Uganda. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:435. [PMID: 37370005 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are a diverse group of viruses causing a broad range of infections of the respiratory, urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts and keratoconjunctivitis. There are seven species of human adenoviruses with 113 genotypes which may contain multiple genetic variants. This study characterised respiratory human adenoviruses and associated factors in samples collected from selected hospitals in Uganda. A total of 2,298 nasopharyngeal samples were collected between the period of 2008 to 2016 from patients seeking health care at tertiary hospitals for influenza-like illness. They were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the prevalence of HAdV. HAdV was cultured in A549 cell lines and the hexon gene was sequenced for genotyping. Of the 2,298 samples tested, 225 (9.8%) were adenovirus-positive by PCR. Age was found to be significantly associated with HAdV infections (p = 0.028) with 98% (220/225) of the positives in children aged 5 years and below and none in adults above 25 years of age. The sequenced isolates belonged to species HAdV-B and HAdV-C with most isolates identified as genotype B3. The results showed a high prevalence and genetic diversity in respiratory HAdV circulating in Ugandan population. Deeper genomic characterization based on whole genome sequencing may be necessary to further elucidate possible transmission and impact of current adenovirus-vectored vaccines in Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernard Erima
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Andrew Mubiru
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gladys Atim
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Titus Tugume
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hannah Kibuuka
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edison Mworozi
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Fred Wabwire-Mangen
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Denis K Byarugaba
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Joshi MS, Sukirti V, Chavan NA, Walimbe AM, Potdar VA, Vipat VC, Lavania M, Gopalkrishna V. Enteric and non-enteric adenoviruses in children with acute gastroenteritis in Western India. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023:105454. [PMID: 37257799 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are the viral agents responsible for a wide spectrum of acute and chronic diseases. HAdVs are the most important etiological agents of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and are identified as the major contributor to the deaths of diarrheal children globally. The significant rise in HAdV infections in rotavirus-vaccinated children documented in multiple studies demands continuous monitoring of HAdV strains. After the inclusion of rotavirus vaccines in the immunization schedule of India, public health research regarding prevalence, etiology, and risk factors is highly necessary for evidence-based policies and their implementation to sustain diarrhea prevention programs. In the present study, children admitted for AGE between 2013 and 2016 in seven different hospitals in Maharashtra and Gujrat states of Western India were subjected for investigation. HAdVs were found in 5.2% of the fecal specimens with the dominance of species-F (52.4%) strains, followed by the occurrence of non-enteric adenoviruses of species A (17.4%), C (11.4%), B (8.2%), and D (3.2%). The species-F strains were predominant in Ahmadabad (78.5%), Mumbai (61.5%), and Surat (57.1%) cities, followed by species-A strains. In Pune city, species B strains were detected in all HAdV patients, with none of the species A strains. Clinically, patients infected with enteric and non-enteric HAdV strains were indistinguishable. However, a high viral load was observed in species-F specimens as compared to non-species-F. The present study on fecal specimens collected in the pre-rotavirus vaccination era from hospitalized AGE patients will be important for future comparative analysis to know the exact impact of vaccination in children of Western India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri S Joshi
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India.
| | - Vedula Sukirti
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Nutan A Chavan
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Atul M Walimbe
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Varsha A Potdar
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Veena C Vipat
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Mallika Lavania
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fang B, Lai J, Liu Y, Yu TT, Yu X, Li X, Dong L, Zhang X, Yang W, Yan Q, Sun L, Liu LL. Genetic characterization of human adenoviruses in patients using metagenomic next-generation sequencing in Hubei, China, from 2018 to 2019. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1153728. [PMID: 37007506 PMCID: PMC10060807 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1153728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThis study aimed to characterize the genomic epidemiology of human adenoviruses (HAdVs) in Hubei, China, using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS).MethodsIn total, 25 HAdV-positive samples collected from 21 pediatric patients were sequenced and subjected to mNGS using the NextSeq 550 and GenoLab M sequencing platforms. The metagenomic data were assembled de novo for molecular typing, phylogenetic and recombination analyzes.ResultsWe assembled 50 HAdV genomes, 88% (22/25) genomes from GenoLab M, and 84% (21/25) genomes from NextSeq 550 have perfect alignments to reference genomes with greater than 90%. The most fully assembled 25 genomes were categorized into 7 HAdV genotypes, the most abundant of which were HAdV-B3 (9/25) and HAdV-C2 (6/25). Phylogenetic analyzes revealed that the newly isolated HAdV-B3 strains diverged into separate clusters according to their genotypes. Vigilance is needed that HAdV-B3 isolates have begun to form new distinct clusters. High nucleotide identity was observed in the whole genome level within the same HAdV genotypes, while marked differences of three capsid genes across HAdV genotypes were noted. The high nucleotide diversity regions were concordant with the reported hypervariable regions. Further, three recombinant strains were identified: S64 and S71 originated from the parental strains HAdV-B14 and HAdV-B11, and S28 originated from HAdV-C1, HAdV-C5, and HAdV-CBJ113. GenoLab M and NextSeq 550 showed comparable performance with respect to data yield, duplication rate, human ratio, and assembly completeness.ConclusionThe sequencing quality and assembly accuracy showed that mNGS assembled genomes can be used for subsequently HAdV genotyping and genomic characterization. The high nucleotide diversity of capsid genes and high frequency of recombination events has highlighted the necessity for HAdV epidemiological surveillance in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Fang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Lai
- GeneMind Biosciences Company Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- GeneMind Biosciences Company Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tian-tian Yu
- School of Public Health, Department of Nutritional Hygiene and Toxicology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijun Dong
- GeneMind Biosciences Company Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- GeneMind Biosciences Company Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Yang
- GeneMind Biosciences Company Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qin Yan
- GeneMind Biosciences Company Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Sun
- GeneMind Biosciences Company Limited, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Sun,
| | - Lin-lin Liu
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Wuhan, China
- Lin-lin Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang F, Zhu R, Qian Y, Sun Y, Chen D, Wang F, Zhou Y, Guo Q, Liu L, Xu Y, Cao L, Qu D, Zhao L. The changed endemic pattern of human adenovirus from species B to C among pediatric patients under the pressure of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 in Beijing, China. Virol J 2023; 20:4. [PMID: 36624458 PMCID: PMC9828375 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-01962-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under the pressure of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the prevalence of human adenovirus (HAdV) was monitored before and after NPIs launched on Jan 24, 2020 in pediatric patients in Beijing, China. METHODS Respiratory samples collected from children hospitalized with acute respiratory infections from Jan 2015 to Dec 2021 were screened by direct immunofluorescence test or capillary electrophoresis-based multiplex PCR assay. The hexon, penton base, and fiber genes were amplified from HAdV positive specimens, then sequenced. For HAdV typing, phylogenetic trees were built by MEGA X. Then clinical data of HAdV positive cases were collected. All data were evaluated using SPSS Statistics 22.0 software. RESULTS A total of 16,097 children were enrolled and 466 (2.89%, 466/16,097) were HAdV-positive. The positive rates of HAdV varied, ranging from 4.39% (151/3,438) in 2018 to1.25% (26/2,081) in 2021, dropped from 3.19% (428/13,408) to 1.41% (38/2,689) from before to after NPIs launched (P < 0.001). There were 350 cases typed into nine types of species B, C, or E and 34 recorded as undetermined. Among them, HAdV-B3 (51.56%, 198/384) was the most prevalent types from 2015 to 2017, and HAdV-B7 (29.17%, 112/384) co-circulated with HAdV-B3 from 2018 to 2019. After NPIs launched, HAdV-B3 and B7 decreased sharply with HAdV-B7 undetected in 2021, while HAdV-C1 became the dominant one and the undetermined were more. CONCLUSIONS The endemic pattern of HAdV changed in Beijing because of the NPIs launched for COVID-19. Especially, the dominant types changed from HAdV-B to HAdV-C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Wang
- grid.418633.b0000 0004 1771 7032Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Runan Zhu
- grid.418633.b0000 0004 1771 7032Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Yuan Qian
- grid.418633.b0000 0004 1771 7032Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Yu Sun
- grid.418633.b0000 0004 1771 7032Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- grid.418633.b0000 0004 1771 7032Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Fang Wang
- grid.418633.b0000 0004 1771 7032Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Yutong Zhou
- grid.418633.b0000 0004 1771 7032Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Qi Guo
- grid.418633.b0000 0004 1771 7032Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Liying Liu
- grid.418633.b0000 0004 1771 7032Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Yanpeng Xu
- grid.418633.b0000 0004 1771 7032Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Ling Cao
- grid.418633.b0000 0004 1771 7032Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Dong Qu
- grid.418633.b0000 0004 1771 7032Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Linqing Zhao
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China. .,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Adenovirus Enterocolitis in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2023. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000001203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
17
|
Sita A, Birlem GE, de Almeida PR, Stein JF, Mallmann L, Demoliner M, da Silva MS, Gularte JS, Hansen AW, Fleck JD, Spilki FR, Higino SSS, de Azevedo SS, da Rocha DT, Weber MN. Detection of human Mastadenovirus C in wild guinea pigs (Cavia aperea aperea) feces. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:2101-2105. [PMID: 36104574 PMCID: PMC9679049 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Adenoviridae family is composed by a high diversity of viruses that are extremely resistant in environment and are frequently excreted in animal reservoir feces for long periods. The knowledge of adenovirus (AdV) diversity among wild species may be important for the understanding of the epidemiology of putative emerging diseases. Cavia aperea aperea, commonly known as wild guinea pigs, wild cavies, or preas, are small herbivorous rodents widely distributed throughout South America and classified in Caviidae family, as well as domestic guinea pigs and capybaras. In order to investigate their potential role as reservoir of zoonotic agents, the present study aimed to verify the presence of AdV in fecal samples of 14 preas from Northeast Brazil. When submitted to nested PCR, two out of 14 samples (14.28%) were positive for AdV and classified as human Mastadenovirus C (HAdV-C) using DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Wild guinea pigs are synanthropic rodents that live in close contact with humans. The investigation of viral agents in rodents is important due to their potential role as reservoirs of human and animal pathogens. Moreover, the present work presents the first known evidence of HAdV in wild guinea pig stool samples, which may represent both the impact of anthropogenic pollution to wild animals and an important knowledge in terms of human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Sita
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriela E Birlem
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paula R de Almeida
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Janaína F Stein
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Larissa Mallmann
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Meriane Demoliner
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana S da Silva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Gularte
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alana W Hansen
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliane D Fleck
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Spilki
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Severino S S Higino
- Unidade Acadêmica de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Sergio S de Azevedo
- Unidade Acadêmica de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Daniela T da Rocha
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matheus N Weber
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Inamoto Y, Takeda W, Hirakawa T, Sakaguchi H, Nakano N, Uchida N, Doki N, Ikegame K, Katayama Y, Sawa M, Kuriyama T, Hiramoto N, Ota S, Ozawa Y, Kataoka K, Kanda Y, Hino M, Kimura T, Atsuta Y, Fukuda T, Nagafuji K. Adenovirus disease after hematopoietic cell transplantation: A Japanese transplant registry analysis. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:1568-1579. [PMID: 36087061 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed a Japanese registry database to elucidate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of adenovirus (AdV) disease after autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in contemporary real-world patients. We evaluated the cumulative incidence of AdV disease, as well as risk factors, survival, and treatment details, among 25 233 patients who underwent autologous HCT and 48 380 patients who underwent allogeneic HCT between 2005 and 2019. The 1-year cumulative incidences of AdV disease after autologous and allogeneic HCT were 0.18% and 1.52%, respectively, in children, and 0.49% and 2.99%, respectively, in adults. Among patients with AdV disease, renourinary infection was the most common manifestation, and viremia or disseminated disease occurred in 6% of those after autologous HCT and 19% of those after allogeneic HCT. In multivariate analysis, age ≥50 years and lymphoma were associated with AdV disease after autologous HCT, while patients age ≥50 years, male patients, lymphoma, HCT-specific comorbidity index ≥3, human leukocyte antigen-mismatched or haploidentical donors, cord blood, in vivo T-cell depletion, HCT from 2005 to 2009, acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and chronic GVHD were associated with AdV disease after allogeneic HCT. The 1-year probabilities of survival after disease diagnosis were 65% in autologous HCT and 44% in allogeneic HCT. Regardless of the AdV disease burden, there was an increased risk of mortality after both autologous and allogeneic HCT. The most commonly used antiviral agents were cidofovir and vidarabine. The probabilities of improvement and survival with currently available agents were suboptimal. AdV disease after HCT remains a challenge. Better antiviral modalities are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Inamoto
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Takeda
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hirotoshi Sakaguchi
- Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Nakano
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Doki
- Hematology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikegame
- Department of Hematology, Hyogo Medical University Hospital, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yuta Katayama
- Department of Hematology, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic-Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masashi Sawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan
| | - Takuro Kuriyama
- Department of Hematology, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hiramoto
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ota
- Department of Hematology, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukiyasu Ozawa
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kanda
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Moeko Hino
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kimura
- Preparation Department, Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Atsuta
- Japanese Data Center for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Nagakute, Japan.,Department of Registry Science for Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuda
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Nagafuji
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gong K, Xu X, Yao J, Ye S, Yu X, Tu H, Lan Y, Fan YC, Shi Y. Acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children: A combination of factors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1056385. [PMID: 36438816 PMCID: PMC9698116 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1056385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
On 5 April 2022, the World Health Organization was notified of 10 cases of severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in children under 10 years of age in the United Kingdom. Although the exact cause of a proportion of pediatric acute hepatitis and acute liver failure cases was unclear, the above event has caused widespread concern worldwide. As of 14 September 2022, approximately 1,296 probable cases of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology have been reported from 37 countries/regions, of which approximately 55 required or received liver transplantation and 29 died. Although the etiology of acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children remains unclear, many hypotheses have been proposed about the disease. Instead of individual factors such as "adenovirus infection," "SARS-CoV-2 related," and "Adeno-associated virus 2 with helper virus coinfection," it is more likely due to a combination of factors. Accordingly, there is an urgent need for more data and research to clarify the disease etiology. This review aims to provide a historical perspective of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in children in the past decades and summarize the current hypothesis and evidence on this emerging disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianbin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaoheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huilan Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-chen Fan
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang H, Yang S, Liu J, Fu Z, Liu Y, Zhou L, Guo H, Lan K, Chen Y. Human adenoviruses: A suspect behind the outbreak of acute hepatitis in children amid the COVID-19 pandemic. CELL INSIGHT 2022; 1:100043. [PMID: 37192861 PMCID: PMC10120317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2022.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As of 10 May 2022, at least 450 cases of pediatric patients with acute hepatitis of unknown cause have been reported worldwide. Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) have been detected in at least 74 cases, including the F type HAdV41 in 18 cases, which indicates that adenoviruses may be associated with this mysterious childhood hepatitis, although other infectious agents or environmental factors cannot be excluded. In this review, we provide a brief introduction of the basic features of HAdVs and describe diseases caused by different HAdVs in humans, aiming to help understand the biology and potential risk of HAdVs and cope with the outbreak of acute child hepatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiejie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingle Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haitao Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li M, Luo Q, Gong C, Li AH, Dong M, Zhang H, Wang X, Luo M, Wang Y, Xie H, Kang L, Huang Q, Ren L, Huang F. Prospective surveillance of human adenovirus in acute respiratory infections reveals epidemiological features and the disappearance of species B during the COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing, China. J Infect 2022; 85:436-480. [PMID: 35878683 PMCID: PMC9446110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maozhong Li
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Institute for immunization and prevention, No.16 Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Institute for immunization and prevention, No.16 Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng, Beijing 100013, China; College of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Cheng Gong
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Institute for immunization and prevention, No.16 Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Ai Hua Li
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Institute for immunization and prevention, No.16 Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Institute for immunization and prevention, No.16 Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Herun Zhang
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Institute for immunization and prevention, No.16 Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Institute for immunization and prevention, No.16 Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Institute for immunization and prevention, No.16 Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Institute for immunization and prevention, No.16 Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Institute for immunization and prevention, No.16 Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Lu Kang
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Institute for immunization and prevention, No.16 Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Institute for immunization and prevention, No.16 Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng, Beijing 100013, China; College of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lili Ren
- National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.9 Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China.
| | - Fang Huang
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Institute for immunization and prevention, No.16 Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng, Beijing 100013, China; College of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kager J, Schneider J, Rasch S, Herhaus P, Verbeek M, Mogler C, Heim A, Frösner G, Hoffmann D, Schmid RM, Lahmer T. Fulminant Adenoviral-Induced Hepatitis in Immunosuppressed Patients. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071459. [PMID: 35891439 PMCID: PMC9323657 DOI: 10.3390/v14071459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) can often lead to fulminant hepatitis in immunocompromised patients, mostly after reactivation of HAdV. Different risk factors, e.g., transplantation and chemotherapy, increase the risk of developing a HAdV hepatitis. We retrospectively analyzed three patients who showed the characteristics of a HAdV hepatitis observed in disseminated disease. In addition to PCR, diagnosis could be proven by pathology, CT scan, and markedly elevated transaminases. All patients had a hemato-oncologic underlying disease. Two had received a stem-cell transplant, and one was under chemotherapy including rituximab. Despite therapy with cidofovir, all patients died. As the incidence of HAdV hepatitis is low, diagnosis may be easily overlooked. No treatment approaches have yet been established. HAdV hepatitis should be considered as a differential diagnosis, especially when risk factors are present. To avoid dissemination, treatment should be initiated as soon as possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Kager
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.K.); (J.S.); (S.R.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Jochen Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.K.); (J.S.); (S.R.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Sebastian Rasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.K.); (J.S.); (S.R.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Peter Herhaus
- Department of Internal Medicine III, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (P.H.); (M.V.)
| | - Mareike Verbeek
- Department of Internal Medicine III, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (P.H.); (M.V.)
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 80333 Munich, Germany;
| | - Albert Heim
- German National Reference Laboratory for Adenoviruses, Institute for Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Gert Frösner
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 80333 Munich, Germany; (G.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Dieter Hoffmann
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 80333 Munich, Germany; (G.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Roland M. Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.K.); (J.S.); (S.R.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Tobias Lahmer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.K.); (J.S.); (S.R.); (R.M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang L, Guo H, Li J, He S, Yang G, Li E. Adenovirus is prevalent in juvenile polyps and correlates with low vitamin D receptor expression. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1703-1708. [PMID: 34400787 PMCID: PMC8365564 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to assess human adenovirus (HAdV) infection in juvenile polyps (JPs) and to preliminarily establish a correlation to vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression. METHODS The study includes 76 patients of 5.2 ± 2.8 years old. Seventy-eight JP specimens and 24 parapolyp tissues from polypectomy were used. PCR was used to detect HAdV DNA and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR for viral and host gene expression. The PCR products were sequenced for virus typing. The correlation between VDR expression and HAdV infection was established using nonparametric Spearman's analysis. RESULTS Seventy-four children (97.4%) had a single polyp and two had two polyps. The histopathological characteristics of the polyps were in line with JP. Thirty-three samples had HAdV DNA (43.4%), including 32 subgroup C and 1 subgroup B HAdV; no enteric HAdV was detected. HAdV messenger RNA was detected in 5 of the 33 samples (15.2%). The samples had increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and calprotectin expression, and reduced E-cadherin and VDR expression. JP samples with low VDR expression were more prevalent of HAdV DNA (r = 1.261, 95% confidence interval, 1.017-1.563), while VDR expression positively correlated with E-cadherin and negatively with inflammation gene expression. CONCLUSIONS HAdV latent infection was prevalent among JP tissues. The presence of HAdV correlated positively to low VDR expression. IMPACT The HAdVs infect the upper airways and gastrointestinal system and is found to persist in lymphoid tissues. The prevalence of HAdV and the status of the infection is unknown. The study investigated the prevalence of HAdV from polypectomy specimens of JP patients and found that HAdV was prevalent and was in a persistent state. HAdV infection was more prevalent in samples with low VDR expression. Whether HAdV infection and reactivation is a contributing factor to JPs is unknown. Factors such as proinflammation and bacterial metabolites that are known to promote HAdV reactivation warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- SKL of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongmei Guo
- Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Changzhou #2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Susu He
- SKL of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Erguang Li
- SKL of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Garbuglia AR, Minosse C, Del Porto P. mRNA- and Adenovirus-Based Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in HIV-Positive People. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040748. [PMID: 35458478 PMCID: PMC9031858 DOI: 10.3390/v14040748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
About two years have passed since the identification of SARS-CoV-2 in China. The rapid spread of this virus all over the world and its high transmissibility and pathogenicity in humans have resulted in a global pandemic. The negative impact of COVID-19 on health, society and the economy at the global level has pushed researchers and pharmaceutical companies to develop effective vaccines to fight SARS-CoV-2. Thanks to this collaborative effort, the first COVID-19 vaccine was developed in less than a year. Since then, several COVID-19 vaccines have been validated for use by the World Health Organization. Among these, mRNA- (BNT162b2 and mRNA1273) and adenovirus-based (ChAdOx1) vaccines were developed through the use of novel technologies. While all three of these vaccines have shown effectiveness against the COVID-19 disease and their immunogenicity was characterized in clinical trials in the general population, data on their efficacy and immunogenicity in people living with HIV (PLWH) are limited. In this review, we provide a description of the characteristics of mRNA- and adenovirus-based vaccines and of the immune response elicited in the general population by vaccination. Then we describe the use of these vaccines and their efficacy and immunogenicity in people living with HIV and we conclude with a discussion regarding some open questions concerning the use of mRNA- and adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccines in PLWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rosa Garbuglia
- Laboratory of Virology, “Lazzaro Spallanzani” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudia Minosse
- Laboratory of Virology, “Lazzaro Spallanzani” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paola Del Porto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘C. Darwin’, Sapienza University, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mouse Adenovirus Type 1 Persistence Exacerbates Inflammation Induced by Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation. J Virol 2022; 96:e0170621. [PMID: 35045262 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01706-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) recipients are at risk for substantial morbidity and mortality from human adenovirus infections, often in the setting of reactivation of persistent virus. Human adenovirus persistence in mucosal lymphocytes has been described, but specific cellular reservoirs of persistence and effects of persistence on host responses to unrelated stimuli are not completely understood. We used mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) to characterize persistence of an adenovirus in its natural host and test the hypothesis that persistence increases complications of bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Following intranasal infection of C57BL/6J mice, MAV-1 DNA was detected in lung, mediastinal lymph nodes, and liver during acute infection at 7 days post infection (dpi), and at lower levels at 28 dpi that remained stable through 150 dpi. Expression of early and late viral transcripts was detected in those organs at 7 dpi but not at later time points. MAV-1 persistence was not affected by deficiency of IFN-γ. We detected no evidence of MAV-1 reactivation in vivo following allogeneic BMT of persistently infected mice. Persistent infection did not substantially affect mortality, weight loss, or pulmonary inflammation following BMT. However, T cell infiltration and increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines consistent with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were more pronounced in livers of persistently infected BMT mice than in uninfected BMT mice. These results suggest that MAV-1 persists in multiple sites without detectable evidence of ongoing replication. Our results indicate that MAV-1 persistence alters host responses to an unrelated challenge, even in the absence of detectable reactivation. Importance Long-term persistence in an infected host is an essential step in the life cycle of DNA viruses. Adenoviruses persist in their host following acute infection, but the nature of adenovirus persistence remains incompletely understood. Following intranasal infection of mice, we found that MAV-1 persists for a prolonged period in multiple organs, although we did not detect evidence of ongoing replication. Because BMT recipients are at risk for substantial morbidity and mortality from human adenovirus infections, often in the setting of reactivation of persistent virus in the recipient, we extended our findings using MAV-1 infection in a mouse model of BMT. MAV-1 persistence exacerbated GVHD-like inflammation following allogeneic BMT, even in the absence of virus reactivation. This novel finding suggests that adenovirus persistence has consequences, and it highlights the potential for a persistent adenovirus to influence host responses to unrelated challenges.
Collapse
|
26
|
Lynch JP, Kajon AE. Adenovirus: Epidemiology, Global Spread of Novel Types, and Approach to Treatment. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 42:800-821. [PMID: 34918322 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdVs) are DNA viruses that typically cause mild infections involving the upper or lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, or conjunctiva. Rare manifestations of AdV infections include hemorrhagic cystitis, hepatitis, hemorrhagic colitis, pancreatitis, nephritis, or meningoencephalitis. AdV infections are more common in young children, due to lack of humoral immunity. Epidemics of AdV infection may occur in healthy children or adults in closed or crowded settings (particularly military recruits). The vast majority of cases are self-limited. However, the clinical spectrum is broad and fatalities may occur. Dissemination is more likely in patients with impaired immunity (e.g., organ transplant recipients, human immunodeficiency virus infection). Fatality rates for untreated severe AdV pneumonia or disseminated disease may exceed 50%. More than 100 genotypes and 52 serotypes of AdV have been identified and classified into seven species designated HAdV-A through -G. Different types display different tissue tropisms that correlate with clinical manifestations of infection. The predominant types circulating at a given time differ among countries or regions, and change over time. Transmission of novel strains between countries or across continents and replacement of dominant viruses by new strains may occur. Treatment of AdV infections is controversial, as prospective, randomized therapeutic trials have not been done. Cidofovir has been the drug of choice for severe AdV infections, but not all patients require treatment. Live oral vaccines are highly efficacious in reducing the risk of respiratory AdV infection and are in routine use in the military in the United States but currently are not available to civilians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Lynch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adriana E Kajon
- Infectious Disease Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Akello JO, Kamgang R, Barbani MT, Suter-Riniker F, Aebi C, Beuret C, Paris DH, Leib SL, Ramette A. Genomic analyses of human adenoviruses unravel novel recombinant genotypes associated with severe infections in pediatric patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24038. [PMID: 34912023 PMCID: PMC8674331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03445-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are highly contagious pathogens of clinical importance, especially among the pediatric population. Studies on comparative viral genomic analysis of cases associated with severe and mild infections due to HAdV are limited. Using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), we investigated whether there were any differences between circulating HAdV strains associated with severe infections (meningitis, sepsis, convulsion, sudden infant death syndrome, death, and hospitalization) and mild clinical presentations in pediatric patients hospitalized between the years 1998 and 2017 in a tertiary care hospital group in Bern, Switzerland covering a population base of approx. 2 million inhabitants. The HAdV species implicated in causing severe infections in this study included HAdV species C genotypes (HAdV1, HAdV2, and HAdV5). Clustering of the HAdV whole-genome sequences of the severe and mild cases did not show any differences except for one sample (isolated from a patient presenting with sepsis, meningitis, and hospitalization) that formed its own cluster with HAdV species C genotypes. This isolate showed intertypic recombination events involving four genotypes, had the highest homology to HAdV89 at complete genome level, but possessed the fiber gene of HAdV1, thereby representing a novel genotype of HAdV species C. The incidence of potential recombination events was higher in severe cases than in mild cases. Our findings confirm that recombination among HAdVs is important for molecular evolution and emergence of new strains. Therefore, further research on HAdVs, particularly among susceptible groups, is needed and continuous surveillance is required for public health preparedness including outbreak investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Odeke Akello
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.,Spiez Laboratory, Biology Division, Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Richard Kamgang
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Teresa Barbani
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Suter-Riniker
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Aebi
- Department of Pediatrics, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Beuret
- Spiez Laboratory, Biology Division, Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland
| | - Daniel H Paris
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephen L Leib
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alban Ramette
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Characterization of Tonsil Microbiota and Their Effect on Adenovirus Reactivation in Tonsillectomy Samples. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0124621. [PMID: 34668748 PMCID: PMC8528100 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01246-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenoviral DNA is prevalent in adenotonsillectomy specimens from pediatric patients, though the virus seems to be in latent state. The tonsils are at the forefront of airway entry point and are the first line of defense against airway viral and bacterial infections. We hypothesized that tonsil microbiota plays a role in human adenovirus (HAdV) latency and reactivation. In this study, we surveyed the presence of HAdV in tonsillectomy samples from 81 patients and found that HAdV DNA was in 85.2% of the tonsil samples. We then determined the microbiota of the samples. Taxonomic profiling showed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteriota, and Bacteroidota accounted for approximately 70% of the total phyla in tonsil samples. A correlation analysis showed that the HAdV-positive samples had significantly higher abundance of Neisseria and Bifidobacterium and lower abundance of Streptococcus, Ochrobactrum, and Lactobacillus than that of the HAdV-negative samples. Culture-based isolation followed by 16S rRNA sequencing identified Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Veillonella, Prevotella,Capnocytophaga sputigena, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Neisseria, and Moraxella catarrhalis from the samples. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling of short-chain fatty acids in bacterial cultures of minced tonsillectomy tissues or representative isolates showed the cultures contained various amounts of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Treatment of isolated tonsil lymphocytes with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or with SCFAs promoted HAdV reactivation. The compounds also promoted HAdV reactivation in a xenograft model with implanted tonsil fragments. This study shows a potential interplay between tonsil microbiota and HAdV reactivation that may lead to recurrent virus infection of respiratory tract disease. IMPORTANCE Human adenovirus infection is common among pediatric patients and can be life-threatening among organ transplant recipients. Adenovirus is transmitted by close contact, but it is believed that a majority of invasive events appear to arise from viral reactivation. The human tonsil is a reservoir for virus latency and has a high prevalence of latently infected adenovirus. Also, tonsils are located at the gateway of the respiratory tracts and are commonly exposed to bacterial pathogens. Here, we uncovered adenoviral DNA-positive and -negative samples that appeared to harbor distinct distribution patterns of microorganisms. SCFAs, primary metabolites of microbiota on tonsils, could induce the adenovirus reactivation in tonsil lymphocytes, resulting in adenovirus replication and production of infectious virions. The study suggests that viral-bacterial interaction plays a role in virus reactivation from latency and could be a contributing factor for recurrent viral infection in pediatric patients.
Collapse
|
29
|
Souza YFVPD, Souza EVD, Azevedo LSD, Medeiros RS, Timenetsky MDCST, Luchs A. Enteric adenovirus epidemiology from historical fecal samples in Brazil (1998-2005): Pre-rotavirus vaccine era. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 94:105007. [PMID: 34293482 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is recognized as frequent cause of acute gastroenteritis and enteric viruses can be preserved in frozen stored feces for long periods of times. The purpose of the present study was to investigate enteric HAdV genotypic diversity in archival fecal specimens stored from 1998 to 2005 in order to understand the natural history of HAdV in diarrheal patients in Brazil before rotavirus vaccine introduction. A total of 3346 specimens were tested for HAdV using conventional PCR. Genotypes were identified by sequencing. HAdV was detected in 6.8% (228/3346). Positivity was higher in children ≤ 5 years and males (p < 0.05). HAdV was most frequently observed during winter and spring seasons (p < 0.05). HAdV-F41 was the most prevalent genotype (59.2%;135/228), followed by HAdV-F40 (16.2%;37/228), HAdV-C1 (5.2%;12/228), HAdV-C2 (5.2%;12/228), HAdV-C5 (3.1%;7/228), HAdV-A12 (1.3%;3/228), HAdV-E4 (0.9%;2/228), HAdV-B3 (0.9%;2/228) and HAdV-B21 (0.4%;1/228). In 7.6% (17/228) only species D could be defined. HAdV-E4 strains were phylogenetic analyzed and classified as lineage (a)-like PG II. HAdV prevalence remained stable in Brazilian population, regardless rotavirus vaccine introduction. The predominant HAdV genotypes detected did not change over time, highlighting a high diversity of circulating strains in the country throughout decades. Due to the historical lack of HAdV genotyping surveillance in Brazil, HAdV-E4 epidemiology is virtually unknown in the country. The present study contributed significantly to the understanding of the natural history of HAdV in diarrheal patients in Brazil. The acquired data are important for clinical diagnosis, particularly for studies investigating enteric viruses' prevalence and molecular epidemiology of archival clinical specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Viana de Souza
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Infection of Bronchial Epithelial Cells by the Human Adenoviruses A12, B3, and C2 Differently Regulates the Innate Antiviral Effector APOBEC3B. J Virol 2021; 95:e0241320. [PMID: 33853956 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02413-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are a large family of DNA viruses that include more than 100 genotypes divided into seven species (A to G) and induce respiratory tract infections, gastroenteritis, and conjunctivitis. Genetically modified adenoviruses are also used as vaccines, gene therapies, and anticancer treatments. The APOBEC3s are a family of cytidine deaminases that restrict viruses by introducing mutations in their genomes. Viruses developed different strategies to cope with the APOBEC3 selection pressure, but nothing is known on the interplay between the APOBEC3s and the HAdVs. In this study, we focused on three HAdV strains: the B3 and C2 strains, as they are very frequent, and the A12 strain, which is less common but is oncogenic in animal models. We demonstrated that the three HAdV strains induce a similar APOBEC3B upregulation at the transcriptional level. At the protein level, however, APOBEC3B is abundantly expressed during HAdV-A12 and -C2 infection and shows a nuclear distribution. On the contrary, APOBEC3B is barely detectable in HAdV-B3-infected cells. APOBEC3B deaminase activity is detected in total protein extracts upon HAdV-A12 and -C2 infection. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrates that the HAdV-A12 genome bears a stronger APOBEC3 evolutionary footprint than that of the HAdV-C2 and HAdV-B3 genomes. Our results show that HAdV infection triggers the transcriptional upregulation of the antiviral innate effector APOBEC3B. The discrepancies between the APOBEC3B mRNA and protein levels might reflect the ability of some HAdV strains to antagonize the APOBEC3B protein. These findings point toward an involvement of APOBEC3B in HAdV restriction and evolution. IMPORTANCE The APOBEC3 family of cytosine deaminases has important roles in antiviral innate immunity and cancer. Notably, APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B are actively upregulated by several DNA tumor viruses and contribute to transformation by introducing mutations in the cellular genome. Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are a large family of DNA viruses that cause generally asymptomatic infections in immunocompetent adults. HAdVs encode several oncogenes, and some HAdV strains, like HAdV-A12, induce tumors in hamsters and mice. Here, we show that HAdV infection specifically promotes the expression of the APOBEC3B gene. We report that infection with the A12 strain induces a strong expression of an enzymatically active APOBEC3B protein in bronchial epithelial cells. We provide bioinformatic evidence that HAdVs' genomes and notably the A12 genome are under APOBEC3 selection pressure. Thus, APOBEC3B might contribute to adenoviral restriction, diversification, and oncogenic potential of particular strains.
Collapse
|
31
|
Hirai T, Sato A, Koizumi N, Kurioka Y, Suzuki Y, Kano J, Yamakawa M, Nomura T, Fujii M, Sakurai F, Mizuguchi H, Watanabe Y, Utoguchi N. The infectivity of progeny adenovirus in the presence of neutralizing antibody. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 33843575 PMCID: PMC8290266 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (Ads), common pathogens that cause upper respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, are blocked by neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). However, Ads are not fully eliminated even in hosts with nAbs. In this study, we assessed the infectivity of progeny Ad serotype 5 (Ad5) in the presence of nAb. The infectivity of Ad5 was evaluated according to the expression of the Ad genome and reporter gene. Infection by wild-type Ad5 and Ad5 vector continued to increase until 3 days after infection even in the presence of nAb. We established an assay for determining the infection levels of progeny Ad5 using a sorting system with magnetic beads and observed little difference in progeny Ad5 counts in the presence and absence of nAb 1 day after infection. Moreover, progeny Ad5 in the presence of nAb more effectively infected coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR)-positive cells than CAR-negative cells. We investigated the function of fiber proteins, which are the binding partners of CAR, during secondary infection, observing that fibre proteins spread from infected cells to adjacent cells in a CAR-dependent manner. In conclusion, this study revealed that progeny Ad5 could infect cells even in the presence of nAb, differing from the common features of the Ad5 infection cycle. Our findings may be useful for developing new therapeutic agents against Ad infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Hirai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Anna Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Cosmetic Science Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyougo, Japan
| | - Naoya Koizumi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoh Kurioka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Suzuki
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junpei Kano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makie Yamakawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nomura
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Fujii
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- iPS Cell-Based Research Project on Hepatic Toxicity and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Global Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naoki Utoguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sherman AC, Lu X, Schneider E, Langston A, Ellis CL, Pastan S, Bhatnagar J, Reagan-Steiner S, Annambhotla P, Lindstrom S, Mehta A, Pouch SM, Sexton ME. Human Adenovirus 11 in 2 Renal Transplant Recipients: Suspected Donor-Derived Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab092. [PMID: 34386544 PMCID: PMC8355461 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adenovirus (HAdV) infections can lead to high mortality in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, with rare reports of donor-derived infection. METHODS Two renal transplant recipients with HAdV-11 infection who received kidneys from the same donor are described. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed. RESULTS WGS showed 100% nucleotide sequence identity for the 2 HAdV-11 isolates. The patients presented with distinct clinical syndromes, and both were treated with brincidofovir. CONCLUSIONS Donor-derived HAdV infection is presumed to be low; however, disseminated HAdV in SOT recipients can be severe, and clinicians should be aware of the clinical course and treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Sherman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eileen Schneider
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amelia Langston
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carla L Ellis
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephen Pastan
- Division of Renal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Julu Bhatnagar
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah Reagan-Steiner
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Pallavi Annambhotla
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stephen Lindstrom
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Aneesh Mehta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stephanie M Pouch
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marybeth E Sexton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Characterization of oral virome and microbiome revealed distinctive microbiome disruptions in paediatric patients with hand, foot and mouth disease. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:19. [PMID: 33608551 PMCID: PMC7895916 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While the underlying determinants are unclear, hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations with varying severity in different individuals. Recently, many studies identified the human microbiome as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Therefore, we here investigated the ecological dynamics of the oral microbiome changes during the HFMD infection. After targeted enrichment of all known vertebrate viruses, the virome profiles of symptomatic and asymptomatic HFMD patients were examined and revealed to be significantly altered from those of healthy individuals, with nine discriminative viruses detected. Further characterization of the prokaryotic microbiome revealed an elevated level of Streptococcus sp. as the most important signature of the symptomatic HFMD cohort, positively correlating to the level of enterovirus A RNA. In addition, we found that while coxsackievirus A5 is detected in saliva RNA of all asymptomatic cases, coxsackievirus A6 dominates the majority of the symptomatic cohort.
Collapse
|
34
|
Zeng SZ, Xie LY, Yu T, Zhong LL, Li JS, Duan ZJ, Zhang B, Zeng QY. Persistent viral shedding of human adenovirus type 7 in children with severe pneumonia. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4846-4855. [PMID: 33565614 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To understand host-pathogen interactions and develop effective prevention and control strategies for human adenovirus (HAdV), it is essential to explore the characteristics of HAdV shedding. Hospitalized children <14 years who had severe HAdV pneumonia were tested for HAdV DNA by quantitative real-time PCR in nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA). A total of 132 children were enrolled, including 102 patients with HAdV type 7 (HAdV-7) infection and 12 patients with HAdV type 3 (HAdV-3) infection. A total of 1372 qualified NPA samples were collected. There was a significant negative correlation between the viral load of HAdV and the course of the disease (Spearman r = -0.547, p = .000). HAdV-7 load decreased at a rate of 0.089 log10 copies/mL per day (95% CI: -0.096 to -0.081; R 2 = 0.332), and the duration of viral shedding was predicted to be 96.9 days (y = 8.624-0.089x). However, HAdV-3 load decreased more quickly (95% CI: - 0.229 to - 0.143; R 2 = 0.403), and the duration of viral shedding was 51.4 days (y = 9.558-0.186x). The median viral load of the HAdV-7 group at weeks 2 and 3, and more than 3 weeks postinfection was higher than that of the HAdV-3 group. No significant differences in the duration of viral shedding were found in different gender, age (>2 vs. ≤2 years), and with or without underlying diseases groups. Viral shedding in children with severe HAdV pneumonia persisted, among which HAdV-7 lasted longer than 3 months and the viral load decreased slowly than HAdV-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Zhen Zeng
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Hunan provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Changsha, China
| | - Le-Yun Xie
- Hunan provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Yu
- Hunan provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Li Zhong
- Hunan provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Song Li
- MOH Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Duan
- MOH Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Hunan provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Changsha, China
| | - Qi-Yi Zeng
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hanisch BR, Cohen W, Jacobsohn D, Song X. Impact of hospital acquired infections on post-transplant one year mortality in pediatric bone marrow transplant patients. Am J Infect Control 2021; 49:179-183. [PMID: 32682014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) are prone to infections, especially when hospitalized for the transplant or additional medical care. These infections are perceived to increase patient's mortality risk, but data are lacking. We conducted this study to assess the burden and the impact of hospital acquired infections (HAI) on mortality risk among pediatric HSCT patients. METHODS This retrospective study included 169 patients that received allogeneic HSCT between January 1 2011 and July 6 2017 at Children's National Hospital, a tertiary referral center. Clinical and laboratory data were reviewed for 1 year after transplant to determine HAI and survival status. The HAI incident rates stratified by bloodstream, respiratory, and gastrointestinal infections were then compared between deceased patients and survivors. RESULTS Including transplant, 169 patients sustained 499 hospital admissions for total of 10,523 patient days and 112 HAI episodes, resulting in a HAI rate of 10.6 per 1,000 patient-days. Within 1-year after transplant, 38 (22%) patient died, 30 (17.5%) with nonrelapse-related causes. Unadjusted univariate analysis revealed mortality correlated with cell source (p=0.035), donor type (p = 0.002), respiratory viral infections (P = .015), and central line associated blood stream infection (CLABSIs; P < .001). Adjusted analysis revealed CLABSI and respiratory adenovirus infection independently increased mortality risk by 3-fold (hazard ratio: 3.22, 95% confidence interval:1.30-8.00) and (hazard ratio: 3.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.22-9.06), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In light of the high frequency of multiple factors contributing to mortality we are unable to determine the degree HAI contributed mortality. However, our findings suggest preventing CLABSIs and respiratory adenovirus infections are crucial to improve the 1-year survival among pediatric HSCT patients.
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen X, Li D. Sequencing facility and DNA source associated patterns of virus-mappable reads in whole-genome sequencing data. Genomics 2021; 113:1189-1198. [PMID: 33301893 PMCID: PMC7856238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Numerous viral sequences have been reported in the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of human blood. However, it is not clear to what degree the virus-mappable reads represent true viral sequences rather than random-mapping or noise originating from sample preparation, sequencing processes, or other sources. Identification of patterns of virus-mappable reads may generate novel indicators for evaluating the origins of these viral sequences. We characterized paired-end unmapped reads and reads aligned to viral references in human WGS datasets, then compared patterns of the virus-mappable reads among DNA sources and sequencing facilities which produced these datasets. We then examined potential origins of the source- and facility-associated viral reads. The proportions of clean unmapped reads among the seven sequencing facilities were significantly different (P < 2 × 10-16). We identified 260,339 reads that were mappable to a total of 99 viral references in 2535 samples. The majority (86.7%) of these virus-mappable reads (corresponding to 47 viral references), which can be classified into four groups based on their distinct patterns, were strongly associated with sequencing facility or DNA source (adjusted P value <0.01). Possible origins of these reads include artificial sequences in library preparation, recombinant vectors in cell culture, and phages co-contaminated with their host bacteria. The sequencing facility-associated virus-mappable reads and patterns were repeatedly observed in other datasets produced in the same facilities. We have constructed an analytic framework and profiled the unmapped reads mappable to viral references. The results provide a new understanding of sequencing facility- and DNA source-associated batch effects in deep sequencing data and may facilitate improved bioinformatics filtering of reads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Neuroscience, Behavior, Health Initiative, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Roy S, Williams CM, Wijesundara DK, Furuya Y. Impact of Pre-Existing Immunity to Influenza on Live-Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV) Immunogenicity. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E683. [PMID: 33207559 PMCID: PMC7711626 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the previous influenza seasons, between 2010 and 2016, the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) provided variable efficacy against influenza in the U.S., causing the recommendation against the use of the LAIV. In striking contrast, pre-clinical studies have repeatedly demonstrated superior efficacy of LAIV against mismatched influenza viruses, compared to inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV). This disparity in reported vaccine efficacies between pre-clinical and clinical studies may in part be explained by limitations of the animal models of influenza. In particular, the absence of pre-existing immunity in animal models has recently emerged as a potential explanation for the discrepancies between preclinical findings and human studies. This commentary focuses on the potential impact of pre-existing immunity on LAIV induced immunogenicity with an emphasis on cross-protective immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreeja Roy
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (S.R.); (C.M.W.)
| | - Clare M. Williams
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (S.R.); (C.M.W.)
| | - Danushka K. Wijesundara
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia;
| | - Yoichi Furuya
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (S.R.); (C.M.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nicodemo J, Hamersley E, Baker P, Reed S. Benign adenoidal hypertrophy caused by adenovirus presenting as a nasopharyngeal mass concerning for malignancy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 138:110300. [PMID: 32823205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Benign adenoidal hypertrophy is the most common cause of nasopharyngeal obstruction. However, depending on size and location, masses may cause nasopharyngeal obstruction. We present our experiences with a ten-year-old female who presented with what appeared to be a large nasopharyngeal mass that was initially favored to be malignant and was ultimately found to be adenoid hypertrophy related to acute infection with adenovirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Nicodemo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - E Hamersley
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital and Wexner Medical Center at Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Navy Medicine Professional Development Center, USA
| | - P Baker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S Reed
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
High-Throughput Cloning and Characterization of Emerging Adenovirus Types 70, 73, 74, and 75. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176370. [PMID: 32887347 PMCID: PMC7504450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently an increasing number of new adenovirus types associated with type-dependent pathogenicity have been identified. However, identification of these clinical isolates represents the very first step to characterize novel pathogens. For deeper analyses, these adenoviruses need to be further characterized in basic virology experiments or they could be applied in translational research. To achieve this goal, it is essential to get genetic access and to enable genetic modification of these novel adenovirus genomes (deletion, insertion, and mutation). Here we demonstrate a high-throughput approach to get genetic access to new adenoviruses via homologous recombination. We first defined the cloning conditions regarding homology arm-length and input adenoviral genome amounts. Then we cloned four naturally occurring adenoviruses (Ad70, Ad73, Ad74, and Ad75) into easy-to-manipulate plasmids and genetically modified them by reporter gene insertion. Three recombinant adenoviruses (Ad70, Ad73, and Ad74) containing a reporter cassette were successfully reconstituted. These novel reporter-labeled adenoviruses were further characterized using the inserted luciferase reporter with respect to receptor usage, presence of anti-adenovirus antibodies, and tropism in vitro. The identified receptor usage, the relatively low prevalence of anti-adenovirus antibodies, and the various cancer cell line transduction pattern are important features of these new pathogens providing essential information for their therapeutic application.
Collapse
|
40
|
Georgi F, Andriasyan V, Witte R, Murer L, Hemmi S, Yu L, Grove M, Meili N, Kuttler F, Yakimovich A, Turcatti G, Greber UF. The FDA-Approved Drug Nelfinavir Inhibits Lytic Cell-Free but Not Cell-Associated Nonlytic Transmission of Human Adenovirus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:e01002-20. [PMID: 32601166 PMCID: PMC7449217 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01002-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdVs) are prevalent and give rise to chronic and recurrent disease. Human AdV (HAdV) species B and C, such as HAdV-C2, -C5, and -B14, cause respiratory disease and constitute a health threat for immunocompromised individuals. HAdV-Cs are well known for lysing cells owing to the E3 CR1-β-encoded adenovirus death protein (ADP). We previously reported a high-throughput image-based screening framework and identified an inhibitor of HAdV-C2 multiround infection, nelfinavir mesylate. Nelfinavir is the active ingredient of Viracept, an FDA-approved inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) aspartyl protease that is used to treat AIDS. It is not effective against single-round HAdV infections. Here, we show that nelfinavir inhibits lytic cell-free transmission of HAdV, indicated by the suppression of comet-shaped infection foci in cell culture. Comet-shaped foci occur upon convection-based transmission of cell-free viral particles from an infected cell to neighboring uninfected cells. HAdV lacking ADP was insensitive to nelfinavir but gave rise to comet-shaped foci, indicating that ADP enhances but is not required for cell lysis. This was supported by the notion that HAdV-B14 and -B14p1 lacking ADP were highly sensitive to nelfinavir, although HAdV-A31, -B3, -B7, -B11, -B16, -B21, -D8, -D30, and -D37 were less sensitive. Conspicuously, nelfinavir uncovered slow-growing round HAdV-C2 foci, independent of neutralizing antibodies in the medium, indicative of nonlytic cell-to-cell transmission. Our study demonstrates the repurposing potential of nelfinavir with postexposure efficacy against different HAdVs and describes an alternative nonlytic cell-to-cell transmission mode of HAdV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Georgi
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vardan Andriasyan
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Witte
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Murer
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Hemmi
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Yu
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Grove
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Meili
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Kuttler
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Artur Yakimovich
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Artificial Intelligence for Life Sciences CIC, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerardo Turcatti
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Urs F Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Adenovirus infection and disease in recipients of hematopoietic cell transplantation. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2020; 32:591-600. [PMID: 31567568 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an update on risk factors associated with adenovirus (ADV) infection in patients after hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) and on options for ADV monitoring and treatment in the setting of HCT. RECENT FINDINGS Among patients undergoing HCT, ADV infection continues to be more common amongst those receiving a T-cell-depleted or graft other than from a matched-related donor. Among children undergoing HCT, reactivation in the gastrointestinal tract appears to be the most common source, and the virus is detectable by quantitative PCR in the stool before it is detectable in the blood. Thus, screening for the virus in the stool of these children may allow for preemptive therapy to reduce mortality. Brincidofovir, although still not approved by any regulatory agency, remains a potential agent for preemptive therapy and for salvage in cases not responding to cidofovir. Rapidly generated off-the-shelf virus-specific T cells may facilitate adoptive cell therapy in populations with a special need and previously not eligible for adoptive cell therapy, such as cord blood recipients. SUMMARY ADV infection continues to adversely affect survival in HCT recipients. Screening stool in children and preemptive therapy may reduce mortality. Brincidofovir and adoptive T-cell therapy remain potential options for treatment.
Collapse
|
42
|
Legoff J, Michonneau D, Socie G. The virome in hematology-Stem cell transplantation and beyond. Semin Hematol 2020; 57:19-25. [PMID: 32690140 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The virome has been recently studied in hematology and mostly in the setting of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, in hematology (as in the setting of nonhematological disorders) the study of the microbiome (that indeed includes the virome) is a growing field. The overall field is moving beyond species catalogue to the understanding of the complex ecological relationship that microbes have with each other and with their host. Here we review the existing literature on the virome in transplant recipients and in other settings, and discuss potential applications of the virome study in hematology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Legoff
- Université de Paris, INSERM U976, Paris, France; Microbiology department, Virology laboratory, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - David Michonneau
- Université de Paris, INSERM U976, Paris, France; Hematology-Transplantation, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Socie
- Université de Paris, INSERM U976, Paris, France; Hematology-Transplantation, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lactoferrin-Hexon Interactions Mediate CAR-Independent Adenovirus Infection of Human Respiratory Cells. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00542-20. [PMID: 32376620 PMCID: PMC7343212 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00542-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many viruses enter target cells using cell adhesion molecules as receptors. Paradoxically, these molecules are abundant on the lateral and basolateral side of intact, polarized, epithelial target cells, but absent on the apical side that must be penetrated by incoming viruses to initiate infection. Our study provides a model whereby viruses use different mechanisms to infect polarized epithelial cells depending on which side of the cell—apical or lateral/basolateral—is attacked. This study may also be useful to understand the biology of other viruses that use cell adhesion molecules as receptors. Virus entry into host cells is a complex process that is largely regulated by access to specific cellular receptors. Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) and many other viruses use cell adhesion molecules such as the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) for attachment to and entry into target cells. These molecules are rarely expressed on the apical side of polarized epithelial cells, which raises the question of how adenoviruses—and other viruses that engage cell adhesion molecules—enter polarized cells from the apical side to initiate infection. We have previously shown that species C HAdVs utilize lactoferrin—a common innate immune component secreted to respiratory mucosa—for infection via unknown mechanisms. Using a series of biochemical, cellular, and molecular biology approaches, we mapped this effect to the proteolytically cleavable, positively charged, N-terminal 49 residues of human lactoferrin (hLF) known as human lactoferricin (hLfcin). Lactoferricin (Lfcin) binds to the hexon protein on the viral capsid and anchors the virus to an unknown receptor structure of target cells, resulting in infection. These findings suggest that HAdVs use distinct cell entry mechanisms at different stages of infection. To initiate infection, entry is likely to occur at the apical side of polarized epithelial cells, largely by means of hLF and hLfcin bridging HAdV capsids via hexons to as-yet-unknown receptors; when infection is established, progeny virions released from the basolateral side enter neighboring cells by means of hLF/hLfcin and CAR in parallel. IMPORTANCE Many viruses enter target cells using cell adhesion molecules as receptors. Paradoxically, these molecules are abundant on the lateral and basolateral side of intact, polarized, epithelial target cells, but absent on the apical side that must be penetrated by incoming viruses to initiate infection. Our study provides a model whereby viruses use different mechanisms to infect polarized epithelial cells depending on which side of the cell—apical or lateral/basolateral—is attacked. This study may also be useful to understand the biology of other viruses that use cell adhesion molecules as receptors.
Collapse
|
44
|
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Promote Latent Adenovirus Reactivation from Tonsillectomy Specimens. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00100-20. [PMID: 32269118 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00100-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus (HAdV) infection is a common cause of illness among young children, immunocompromised patients, and transplant recipients. The majority of HAdV infections are self-limited, but recurring infection is frequently encountered in young children and may require hospitalization. In this study, we surveyed the presence of HAdV in tonsillectomy samples and investigated epigenetic conditions that contributed to HAdV reactivation. HAdV DNA was detected from 86.7% donors. The lymphocytes isolated from the samples failed to produce infectious HAdV after incubation, suggesting the viruses remained in a latent status. To determine whether epigenetic factors played a role in HAdV reactivation, isolated lymphocytes were treated with a small compound library. Viral DNA replication and infectious HAdV production were assayed by PCR and by a secondary infection assay. We identified several compounds, mainly pan- and selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, which showed activity to reactivate HAdV from latency. The viruses were isolated and were determined as species C HAdV. Using a model of HAdV lytic infection, we showed that the compounds promoted histone-3 acetylation and association with viral early gene promoters. In addition to demonstrate the palatine tonsils as a reservoir of latent HAdV, this study uncovers a critical role of histone acetylation in HAdV reactivation, linking HAdV latency to recurrent HAdV infection.IMPORTANCE Respiratory tract infection by adenoviruses is among the most common diseases in children, attributing to approximately 20% of hospitalizations of children with acute respiratory infection (ARI). Adenovirus transmits by direct contact, but recurrent infection is common. Ever since its isolation, adenovirus has been known to have the ability to establish persistent or latent infection. We found 87.7% tonsillectomy specimens contained detectable amounts of adenoviral DNA. Isolated lymphocytes did not produce infectious adenoviruses without stimulation. By screening an epigenetic informer compound library, we identified several histone deacetylase inhibitors that promoted adenovirus reactivation that was evidenced by increased viral DNA replication and production of infectious viruses. The human tonsils are covered with bacterial pathogens that may utilize pathogen-associated pattern molecules or metabolites to cause epigenetic activation and proinflammatory gene transcription, which may lead to viral reactivation from latency. The study shows that recurrent adenovirus infection could arise from reactivation of residing virus from previous infections.
Collapse
|
45
|
Labib BA, Minhas BK, Chigbu DI. Management of Adenoviral Keratoconjunctivitis: Challenges and Solutions. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:837-852. [PMID: 32256043 PMCID: PMC7094151 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s207976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is the most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis, accounting for up to 75% of all conjunctivitis cases and affecting people of all ages and demographics. In addition to ocular complications, it can cause systemic infections in the form of gastroenteritis, respiratory disease, and dissemination in immunocompromised individuals. HAdV causes lytic infection of the mucoepithelial cells of the conjunctiva and cornea, as well as latent infection of lymphoid and adenoid cells. Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is the most severe ocular manifestation of HAdV infection, in which the presence of subepithelial infiltrates (SEIs) in the cornea is a hallmark feature of corneal involvement. SEIs have the tendency to recur and may lead to long-term visual disability. HAdV persistence and dissemination are linked to sporadic outbreaks of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. There is no FDA-approved antiviral for treating adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis, and as such, solutions should be proffered to handle the challenges associated with viral persistence and dissemination. Several treatment modalities have been investigated, both systemically and locally, to not only mitigate symptoms but reduce the course of the infection and prevent the risk of long-term complications. These options include systemic and topical antivirals, in-office povidone-iodine irrigation (PVI), immunoglobulin-based therapy, anti-inflammatory therapy, and immunotherapy. More recently, combination PVI/dexamethasone ophthalmic formulations have shown favorable outcomes and were well tolerated in clinical trials for the treatment of EKC. Possible, future treatment considerations include sialic acid analogs, cold atmospheric plasma, N-chlorotaurine, and benzalkonium chloride. Continued investigation and evaluation of treatment are warranted to reduce the economic burden and potential long-term visual debilitation in affected patients. This review will focus on how persistence and dissemination of HAdV pose a significant challenge to the management of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. Furthermore, current and future trends in prophylactic and therapeutic modalities for adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bisant A Labib
- Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus University, Elkins Park, PA 19027, USA
| | - Bhawanjot K Minhas
- Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus University, Elkins Park, PA 19027, USA
| | - DeGaulle I Chigbu
- Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus University, Elkins Park, PA 19027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ganzenmueller T, Kaiser R, Baier C, Wehrhane M, Hilfrich B, Witthuhn J, Flucht S, Heim A. Comparison of the performance of the Panther Fusion respiratory virus panel to R-Gene and laboratory developed tests for diagnostic and hygiene screening specimens from the upper and lower respiratory tract. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:427-435. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Diagnosis of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) can be facilitated by the Panther Fusion (PF) automatic, random access PCR system for the detection of influenzavirus A (Flu A) and B (Flu B), parainfluenzavirus (Paraflu), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), rhinovirus (RV) and human adenovirus (AdV) in nasopharyngeal swabs.
Aim. To evaluate the performance of PF in comparison with established methods, including subsets of (1) lower respiratory tract (LRT) specimens and (2) upper respiratory tract (URT) hygiene screening specimens of patients without ARI symptoms.
Methodology. The performance characteristics of PF were compared with bioMérieux R-Gene and laboratory-developed PCR tests (LDTs). Overall, 1544 specimens with 6658 individual diagnostic requests were analysed.
Results. The overall concordances of PF and LDTs for Flu A, Flu B and AdV were 98.4, 99.9 and 96.1%, respectively; by re-testing of discrepant specimens concordances increased to 99.4, 99.9 and 98.0%, respectively. Initial concordances of PF and R-Gene assays for RSV, Paraflu, hMPV and RV were 98.4, 96.3, 99.3 and 96.0%, respectively, and retest concordances were 99.7, 97.9, 99.9 and 98.9%, respectively. No differences to the overall performance were found for the subgroups of LRT and hygiene screening specimens. PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values correlated very well between methods, indicating that a semi-quantitative diagnostic approach using Ct values (e.g. highly vs. weakly positive) could augment the diagnostic information.
Conclusion. PF performed similar to R-Gene and LDTs not only for its intended use but also for LRT and hygiene screening specimens with shorter hands-on and turnaround times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Ganzenmueller
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rolf Kaiser
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claas Baier
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marlies Wehrhane
- Institute for Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jenny Witthuhn
- Institute for Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Flucht
- Institute for Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Albert Heim
- Institute for Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dickherber ML, Garnett-Benson C. NAD-linked mechanisms of gene de-repression and a novel role for CtBP in persistent adenovirus infection of lymphocytes. Virol J 2019; 16:161. [PMID: 31864392 PMCID: PMC6925507 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenovirus (AdV) infection is ubiquitous in the human population and causes acute infection in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. In addition to lytic infections in epithelial cells, AdV can persist in a latent form in mucosal lymphocytes, and nearly 80% of children contain viral DNA in the lymphocytes of their tonsils and adenoids. Reactivation of latent AdV is thought to be the source of deadly viremia in pediatric transplant patients. Adenovirus latency and reactivation in lymphocytes is not well studied, though immune cell activation has been reported to promote productive infection from latency. Lymphocyte activation induces global changes in cellular gene expression along with robust changes in metabolic state. The ratio of free cytosolic NAD+/NADH can impact gene expression via modulation of transcriptional repressor complexes. The NAD-dependent transcriptional co-repressor C-terminal Binding Protein (CtBP) was discovered 25 years ago due to its high affinity binding to AdV E1A proteins, however, the role of this interaction in the viral life cycle remains unclear. METHODS The dynamics of persistently- and lytically-infected cells are evaluated. RT-qPCR is used to evaluate AdV gene expression following lymphocyte activation, treatment with nicotinamide, or disruption of CtBP-E1A binding. RESULTS PMA and ionomycin stimulation shifts the NAD+/NADH ratio in lymphocytic cell lines and upregulates viral gene expression. Direct modulation of NAD+/NADH by nicotinamide treatment also upregulates early and late viral transcripts in persistently-infected cells. We found differential expression of the NAD-dependent CtBP protein homologs between lymphocytes and epithelial cells, and inhibition of CtBP complexes upregulates AdV E1A expression in T lymphocyte cell lines but not in lytically-infected epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide novel insight into factors that can regulate AdV infections in activated human lymphocytes and reveal that modulation of cellular NAD+/NADH can de-repress adenovirus gene expression in persistently-infected lymphocytes. In contrast, disrupting the NAD-dependent CtBP repressor complex interaction with PxDLS-containing binding partners paradoxically alters AdV gene expression. Our findings also indicate that CtBP activities on viral gene expression may be distinct from those occurring upon metabolic alterations in cellular NAD+/NADH ratios or those occurring after lymphocyte activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Dickherber
- Charlie Garnett-Benson, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Charlie Garnett-Benson
- Charlie Garnett-Benson, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lynch KL, Gooding LR, Garnett-Benson C, Ornelles DA, Avgousti DC. Epigenetics and the dynamics of chromatin during adenovirus infections. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3551-3570. [PMID: 31769503 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The DNA genome of eukaryotic cells is compacted by histone proteins within the nucleus to form chromatin. Nuclear-replicating viruses such as adenovirus have evolved mechanisms of chromatin manipulation to promote infection and subvert host defenses. Epigenetic factors may also regulate persistent adenovirus infection and reactivation in lymphoid tissues. In this review, we discuss the viral proteins E1A and protein VII that interact with and alter host chromatin, as well as E4orf3, which separates host chromatin from sites of viral replication. We also highlight recent advances in chromatin technologies that offer new insights into virus-directed chromatin manipulation. Beyond the role of chromatin in the viral replication cycle, we discuss the nature of persistent viral genomes in lymphoid tissue and cell lines, and the potential contribution of epigenetic signals in maintaining adenovirus in a quiescent state. By understanding the mechanisms through which adenovirus manipulates host chromatin, we will understand new aspects of this ubiquitous virus and shed light on previously unknown aspects of chromatin biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L Lynch
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Linda R Gooding
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - David A Ornelles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Daphne C Avgousti
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hemmi S, Spindler KR. Murine adenoviruses: tools for studying adenovirus pathogenesis in a natural host. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3649-3659. [PMID: 31777948 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Small laboratory animals are powerful models for investigating in vivo viral pathogenesis of a number of viruses. For adenoviruses (AdVs), however, species-specificity poses limitations to studying human adenoviruses (HAdVs) in mice and other small laboratory animals. Thus, this review covers work on naturally occurring mouse AdVs, primarily mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAdV-1), a member of the species Murine mastadenovirus A. Molecular genetics, virus life cycle, cell and tissue tropism, interactions with the host immune response, persistence, and host genetics of susceptibility are described. A brief discussion of MAdV-2 (member of species Murine mastadenovirus B) and MAdV-3 (member of species Murine mastadenovirus C) is included. We report the use of MAdVs in the development of vectors and vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Hemmi
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katherine R Spindler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gelaw A, Pietsch C, Liebert UG. Genetic diversity of human adenovirus and human astrovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in Northwest Ethiopia. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2985-2993. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|