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Hunegnaw R, Helmold Hait S, Enyindah-Asonye G, Rahman MA, Ko EJ, Hogge CJ, Hoang T, Robert-Guroff M. A Mucosal Adenovirus Prime/Systemic Envelope Boost Vaccine Regimen Elicits Responses in Cervicovaginal and Alveolar Macrophages of Rhesus Macaques Associated With Delayed SIV Acquisition and B Cell Help. Front Immunol 2020; 11:571804. [PMID: 33117363 PMCID: PMC7561428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.571804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine strategies targeting the mucosal portal of entry may prevent HIV acquisition and systemic infection. Macrophages in cervicovaginal compartments are one of the first cell types to encounter virus upon vaginal exposure. Their activation can lead to recruitment of additional macrophages and CD4+ T-cells susceptible to viral infection. However, they are also critical in providing early protection against invading pathogens. Therefore, understanding their response to immunization is important for vaccine design. We immunized rhesus macaques twice mucosally with replicating adenovirus (Ad) SIV recombinants, followed by two intramuscular boosts with SIV gp120 protein. Macaques were subsequently challenged intravaginally with repeated low doses of SIVmac251. Using flow cytometry, we evaluated responses of cervicovaginal macrophages (CVM) and alveolar macrophages (AM) in bronchoalveolar lavage as initial immunization was to the upper respiratory tract. The frequency of CVM increased over the course of immunization; however, CCR5 expression significantly decreased. Significantly increased expression of the chemokines CCL3 (p < 0.01), CCL4, CCL5, and CXCL8 (p < 0.0001 for all) on CVM was seen post-1st Ad but their expression significantly decreased post-2nd boost. CD4+ T-cell frequency in the cervical mucosa remained unchanged. CVM FcγRIII expression was significantly increased at all time points post-immunization compared to naïve animals. FcγRIII expression post-2nd Ad positively correlated with the number of challenges needed for infection (r = 0.68; p = 0.0051). Vaccination increased AM FcγRIII expression which post-2nd boost correlated with antibody-dependent phagocytosis. Activation of AMs was evident by increased expression of CD40 and CD80 post-2nd Ad compared to naïve macaques. APRIL expression also significantly increased post-2nd Ad and correlated with B cell frequency in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (r = 0.73; p = 0.0019) and total IgG in BAL-fluid (r = 0.53; p = 0.047). B cells cultured with SIV gp120-stimulated AM supernatant from vaccinated macaques exhibited significant increases in B cell activation markers CD38 and CD69 compared to B cells cultured alone or with AM supernatant from unvaccinated macaques. Overall, the vaccine regimen did not induce recruitment of susceptible cells to the vaginal mucosa but increased CVM FcγRIII expression which correlated with delayed SIV acquisition. Further, immunization induced expression of AM cytokines, including those associated with providing B cell help.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Manoharan VK, Khattar SK, LaBranche CC, Montefiori DC, Samal SK. Modified Newcastle Disease virus as an improved vaccine vector against Simian Immunodeficiency virus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8952. [PMID: 29895833 PMCID: PMC5997738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SIV infection in macaques is a relevant animal model for HIV pathogenesis and vaccine study in humans. To design a safe and effective vaccine against HIV, we evaluated the suitability of naturally-occurring avirulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains and several modified versions of NDV as vectors for the expression and immunogenicity of SIV envelope protein gp160. All the NDV vectors expressed gp160 protein in infected cells. The gp160 expressed by these vectors formed oligomers and was incorporated into the NDV envelope. All the NDV vectors expressing gp160 were attenuated in chickens. Intranasal immunization of guinea pigs with modified NDV vectors such as rNDV-APMV-2CS/gp160 and rNDV-APMV-8CS/gp160 (NDV strain LaSota containing the cleavage site sequences of F protein of avian paramyxovirus (APMV) serotype 2 and 8, respectively), and rNDV-BC-F-HN/gp160 (NDV strain BC containing LaSota F cleavage site and LaSota F and HN genes) elicited improved SIV-specific humoral and mucosal immune responses compared to other NDV vectors. These modified vectors were also efficient in inducing neutralizing antibody responses to tier 1 A SIVmac251.6 and tier 1B SIVmac251/M766 strains. This study suggests that our novel modified NDV vectors are safe and immunogenic and can be used as vaccine vector to control HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinoth K Manoharan
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Sunil K Khattar
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Celia C LaBranche
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Siba K Samal
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
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Munson P, Liu Y, Bratt D, Fuller JT, Hu X, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK, Mullins JI, Fuller DH. Therapeutic conserved elements (CE) DNA vaccine induces strong T-cell responses against highly conserved viral sequences during simian-human immunodeficiency virus infection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:1820-1831. [PMID: 29648490 PMCID: PMC6067903 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1448328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-specific T-cell responses play a key role in controlling HIV infection, and therapeutic vaccines for HIV that aim to improve viral control will likely need to improve on the T-cell responses induced by infection. However, in the setting of chronic infection, an effective therapeutic vaccine must overcome the enormous viral genetic diversity and the presence of pre-existing T-cell responses that are biased toward immunodominant T-cell epitopes that can readily mutate to evade host immunity and thus potentially provide inferior protection. To address these issues, we investigated a novel, epidermally administered DNA vaccine expressing SIV capsid (p27Gag) homologues of highly conserved elements (CE) of the HIV proteome in macaques experiencing chronic but controlled SHIV infection. We assessed the ability to boost or induce de novo T-cell responses against the conserved but immunologically subdominant CE epitopes. Two groups of animals were immunized with either the CE DNA vaccine or a full-length SIV p57gag DNA vaccine. Prior to vaccination, CE responses were similar in both groups. The full-length p57gag DNA vaccine, which contains the CE, increased overall Gag-specific responses but did not increase CE responses in any animals (0/4). In contrast, the CE DNA vaccine increased CE responses in all (4/4) vaccinated macaques. In SIV infected but unvaccinated macaques, those that developed stronger CE-specific responses during acute infection exhibited lower viral loads. We conclude that CE DNA vaccination can re-direct the immunodominance hierarchy towards CE in the setting of attenuated chronic infection and that induction of these responses by therapeutic vaccination may improve immune control of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Munson
- a Departments of Microbiology, Medicine, Global Health, and Laboratory Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , US.,b Washington National Primate Research Center , Seattle , WA , US
| | - Yi Liu
- a Departments of Microbiology, Medicine, Global Health, and Laboratory Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , US
| | - Debra Bratt
- b Washington National Primate Research Center , Seattle , WA , US
| | - James T Fuller
- a Departments of Microbiology, Medicine, Global Health, and Laboratory Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , US
| | - Xintao Hu
- c Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section and Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick , MD , US
| | - George N Pavlakis
- d Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick , MD , US
| | - Barbara K Felber
- c Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section and Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick , MD , US
| | - James I Mullins
- a Departments of Microbiology, Medicine, Global Health, and Laboratory Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , US.,e Department of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , US.,f Department of Global Health , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , US.,g Department of Laboratory Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , US
| | - Deborah Heydenburg Fuller
- a Departments of Microbiology, Medicine, Global Health, and Laboratory Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , US.,b Washington National Primate Research Center , Seattle , WA , US
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Chlamydial Type III Secretion System Needle Protein Induces Protective Immunity against Chlamydia muridarum Intravaginal Infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3865802. [PMID: 28459057 PMCID: PMC5385227 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3865802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis imposes serious health problems and causes infertility. Because of asymptomatic onset, it often escapes antibiotic treatment. Therefore, vaccines offer a better option for the prevention of unwanted inflammatory sequelae. The existence of serologically distinct serovars of C. trachomatis suggests that a vaccine will need to provide protection against multiple serovars. Chlamydia spp. use a highly conserved type III secretion system (T3SS) composed of structural and effector proteins which is an essential virulence factor. In this study, we expressed the T3SS needle protein of Chlamydia muridarum, TC_0037, an ortholog of C. trachomatis CdsF, in a replication-defective adenoviral vector (AdTC_0037) and evaluated its protective efficacy in an intravaginal Chlamydia muridarum model. For better immune responses, we employed a heterologous prime-boost immunization protocol in which mice were intranasally primed with AdTC_0037 and subcutaneously boosted with recombinant TC_0037 and Toll-like receptor 4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A mixed in a squalene nanoscale emulsion. We found that immunization with TC_0037 antigen induced specific humoral and T cell responses, decreased Chlamydia loads in the genital tract, and abrogated pathology of upper genital organs. Together, our results suggest that TC_0037, a highly conserved chlamydial T3SS protein, is a good candidate for inclusion in a Chlamydia vaccine.
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Thomas MA, Tuero I, Demberg T, Vargas-Inchaustegui DA, Musich T, Xiao P, Venzon D, LaBranche C, Montefiori DC, DiPasquale J, Reed SG, DeVico A, Fouts T, Lewis GK, Gallo RC, Robert-Guroff M. HIV-1 CD4-induced (CD4i) gp120 epitope vaccines promote B and T-cell responses that contribute to reduced viral loads in rhesus macaques. Virology 2014; 471-473:81-92. [PMID: 25461534 PMCID: PMC4312258 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To target the HIV CD4i envelope epitope, we primed rhesus macaques with replicating Ad-rhFLSC (HIV-1BaLgp120 linked to macaque CD4 D1 and D2), with or without Ad-SIVgag and Ad-SIVnef. Macaques were boosted with rhFLSC protein. Memory T-cells in PBMC, bronchoalveolar lavage and rectal tissue, antibodies with neutralizing and ADCC activity, and Env-specific secretory IgA in rectal secretions were elicited. Although protective neutralizing antibody levels were induced, SHIVSF162P4 acquisition following rectal challenge was not prevented. Rapid declines in serum ADCC activity, Env-specific memory B cells in PBMC and bone marrow, and systemic and mucosal memory T cells were observed immediately post-challenge together with delayed anamnestic responses. Innate immune signaling resulting from persisting Ad replication and the TLR-4 booster adjuvant may have been in conflict and reoriented adaptive immunity. A different adjuvant paired with replicating Ad, or a longer post-prime interval allowing vector clearance before boosting might foster persistent T- and B-cell memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Thomas
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Iskra Tuero
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Thorsten Demberg
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Diego A Vargas-Inchaustegui
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Thomas Musich
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Peng Xiao
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - David Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | | | - Janet DiPasquale
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Steven G Reed
- Infectious Diseases Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, United States
| | - Anthony DeVico
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Timothy Fouts
- Profectus BioSciences, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - George K Lewis
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert C Gallo
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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6
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Hodgson SH, Choudhary P, Elias SC, Milne KH, Rampling TW, Biswas S, Poulton ID, Miura K, Douglas AD, Alanine DG, Illingworth JJ, de Cassan SC, Zhu D, Nicosia A, Long CA, Moyle S, Berrie E, Lawrie AM, Wu Y, Ellis RD, Hill AVS, Draper SJ. Combining viral vectored and protein-in-adjuvant vaccines against the blood-stage malaria antigen AMA1: report on a phase 1a clinical trial. Mol Ther 2014; 22:2142-2154. [PMID: 25156127 PMCID: PMC4250079 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of effective vaccines against difficult disease targets will require the identification of new subunit vaccination strategies that can induce and maintain effective immune responses in humans. Here we report on a phase 1a clinical trial using the AMA1 antigen from the blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite delivered either as recombinant protein formulated with Alhydrogel adjuvant with and without CPG 7909, or using recombinant vectored vaccines—chimpanzee adenovirus ChAd63 and the orthopoxvirus MVA. A variety of promising “mixed-modality” regimens were tested. All volunteers were primed with ChAd63, and then subsequently boosted with MVA and/or protein-in-adjuvant using either an 8- or 16-week prime-boost interval. We report on the safety of these regimens, as well as the T cell, B cell, and serum antibody responses. Notably, IgG antibody responses primed by ChAd63 were comparably boosted by AMA1 protein vaccine, irrespective of whether CPG 7909 was included in the Alhydrogel adjuvant. The ability to improve the potency of a relatively weak aluminium-based adjuvant in humans, by previously priming with an adenoviral vaccine vector encoding the same antigen, thus offers a novel vaccination strategy for difficult or neglected disease targets when access to more potent adjuvants is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne H Hodgson
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.
| | | | - Sean C Elias
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathryn H Milne
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas W Rampling
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Sumi Biswas
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian D Poulton
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Kazutoyo Miura
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Daming Zhu
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Alfredo Nicosia
- Okairòs, Rome, Italy; CEINGE, Naples, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carole A Long
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah Moyle
- Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Berrie
- Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Alison M Lawrie
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Yimin Wu
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruth D Ellis
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon J Draper
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Immune responses in macaques to a prototype recombinant adenovirus live oral human papillomavirus 16 vaccine. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2014; 21:1224-31. [PMID: 24990902 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00197-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunization with human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 virus-like particles (VLPs) prevents infection with HPV. However, the expense and logistical demands of current VLP vaccines will limit their widespread use in resource-limited settings, where most HPV-induced cervical cancer occurs. Live oral adenovirus vaccines have properties that are well-suited for use in such settings. We have described a live recombinant adenovirus vaccine prototype that produces abundant HPV16 L1 protein from the adenovirus major late transcriptional unit and directs the assembly of HPV16 VLPs in tissue culture. Recombinant-derived VLPs potently elicit neutralizing antibodies in mice. Here, we characterize the immune response to the recombinant after dual oral and intranasal immunization of pigtail macaques, in which the virus replicates as it would in immunized humans. The immunization of macaques induced vigorous humoral responses to adenovirus capsid and nonstructural proteins, although, surprisingly, not against HPV L1. In contrast, immunization elicited strong T-cell responses to HPV VLPs as well as adenovirus virions. T-cell responses arose immediately after the primary immunization and were boosted by a second immunization with recombinant virus. T-cell immunity contributes to protection against a wide variety of pathogens, including many viruses. The induction of a strong cellular response by the recombinant indicates that live adenovirus recombinants have potential as vaccines for those agents. These studies encourage and will inform the continued development of viable recombinant adenovirus vaccines.
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de Cassan SC, Draper SJ. Recent advances in antibody-inducing poxviral and adenoviral vectored vaccine delivery platforms for difficult disease targets. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 12:365-78. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.13.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Beena V, Choudhary K, Rajeev R, Sivakumar R, Heera R, Padmakumar S. Human immunodeficiency virus vaccine an update. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2013; 17:76-81. [PMID: 23798835 PMCID: PMC3687194 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in late1980s, the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has reached pandemic proportions, representing a global developmental and public health threat. Finding of a safe, globally effective and affordable HIV vaccine offers the best hope for the future control of the disease pandemic. Significant progress has been made over the past years in the areas of basic virology, immunology, and pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS and the development of anti-retroviral drugs. However, the search for an HIV vaccine faces formidable scientific challenges related to the high genetic variability of the virus, the lack of immune correlates of protection, limitations with the existing animal models and logistical problems associated with the conduct of multiple clinical trials. Most of the vaccine approaches developed so far aim at inducing cell-mediated immune responses. Multiple vaccine concepts and vaccination strategies have been tested, including DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, live vectored recombinant vaccines, various prime-boost vaccine combinations and vaccine based on broadly neutralizing human anti-HIV Antibody 2G12. This article reviews the state of the art in HIV vaccine research, summarizes the results obtained so far and discusses the challenges to be met in the development of a successful HIV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vt Beena
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Government Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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10
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Demberg T, Brocca-Cofano E, Kuate S, Aladi S, Vargas-Inchaustegui DA, Venzon D, Kalisz I, Kalyanaraman V, Lee EM, Pal R, DiPasquale J, Ruprecht RM, Montefiori DC, Srivastava I, Barnett SW, Robert-Guroff M. Impact of antibody quality and anamnestic response on viremia control post-challenge in a combined Tat/Env vaccine regimen in rhesus macaques. Virology 2013; 440:210-21. [PMID: 23528732 PMCID: PMC3744165 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previously, priming rhesus macaques with Adenovirus type 5 host range mutant-recombinants encoding Tat and Env and boosting with Tat and Env protein in MPL-SE controlled chronic viremia by 4 logs following homologous intravenous SHIV89.6P challenge. Here we evaluated Tat, Env, and Tat/Env regimens for immunogenicity and protective efficacy using clade C Env, alum adjuvant, and a heterologous intrarectal SHIV1157ipd3N4 challenge. Despite induction of strong cellular and humoral immunity, Tat/Env group T and B-cell memory responses were not significantly enhanced over Tat- or Env-only groups. Lack of viremia control post-challenge was attributed to lower avidity Env antibodies and no anamnestic ADCC response or SHIV1157ipd3N4 neutralizing antibody development post-challenge. Poor biologic activity of the Tat immunogen may have impaired Tat immunity. In the absence of sterilizing immunity, strong anamnestic responses to heterologous virus can help control viremia. Both antibody breadth and optimal adjuvanticity are needed to elicit high-quality antibody for protective efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Demberg
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Seraphin Kuate
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stanley Aladi
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - David Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Irene Kalisz
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Kensington, MD 20895, USA
| | | | - Eun Mi Lee
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Kensington, MD 20895, USA
| | - Ranajit Pal
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Kensington, MD 20895, USA
| | - Janet DiPasquale
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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11
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Antibodies to gp120 and PD-1 expression on virus-specific CD8+ T cells in protection from simian AIDS. J Virol 2013; 87:3526-37. [PMID: 23325679 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02686-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the relative efficacies against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenge of three vaccine regimens that elicited similar frequencies of SIV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses but differed in the level of antibody responses to the gp120 envelope protein. All macaques were primed with DNA plasmids expressing SIV gag, pol, env, and Retanef genes and were boosted with recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara virus (MVA) expressing the same genes, either once (1 × MVA) or twice (2 × MVA), or were boosted once with MVA followed by a single boost with replication-competent adenovirus (Ad) type 5 host range mutant (Ad5 h) expressing SIV gag and nef genes but not Retanef or env (1 × MVA/Ad5). While two of the vaccine regimens (1 × MVA and 1 × MVA/Ad5) protected from high levels of SIV replication only during the acute phase of infection, the 2 × MVA regimen, with the highest anti-SIV gp120 titers, protected during the acute phase and transiently during the chronic phase of infection. Mamu-A*01 macaques of this third group exhibited persistent Gag CD8(+)CM9(+) effector memory T cells with low expression of surface Programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor and high levels of expression of genes associated with major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and MHC-II antigen. The fact that control of SIV replication was associated with both high titers of antibodies to the SIV envelope protein and durable effector SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells suggests the hypothesis that the presence of antibodies at the time of challenge may increase innate immune recruiting activity by enhancing antigen uptake and may result in improvement of the quality and potency of secondary SIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses.
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13
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Zhang Y, Sun C, Feng L, Xiao L, Chen L. Enhancement of Gag-specific but reduction of Env- and Pol-specific CD8+ T cell responses by simian immunodeficiency virus nonstructural proteins in mice. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2012; 28:374-83. [PMID: 21736424 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2011.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accessory and regulatory proteins (nonstructural proteins) have received increasing attention as components in novel HIV/SIV vaccine design. However, the complicated interactions between nonstructural proteins and structural proteins remain poorly understood, especially their effects on immunogenicity. In this study, the immunogenicity of structural proteins in the presence and absence of nonstructural proteins was compared. First, a series of recombinant plasmids and adenoviral vectors carrying various SIVmac239 nonstructural and structural genes was constructed. Then mice were primed with DNA plasmids and boosted with corresponding Ad5 vectors of different combinations, and the resulting immune responses were measured. Our results demonstrated that when the individual Gag, Pol, or Env gene products were coimmunized with the whole repertoire of nonstructural proteins, the Gag-specific CD8(+) T response was greatly enhanced, while the Env- and Pol-specific CD8(+) T responses were significantly reduced. The same pattern was not observed in CD4(+) T cell responses. Antibody responses against both the Gag and Env proteins were elicited more effectively when these structural antigens were immunized together with nonstructural antigens. These findings may provide helpful insights into the development of novel HIV/SIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caijun Sun
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqiang Feng
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Xiao
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China
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Replicating adenovirus-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vectors efficiently prime SIV-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses by targeting myeloid dendritic cells and persisting in rectal macrophages, regardless of immunization route. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 19:629-37. [PMID: 22441384 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00010-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although priming with replicating adenovirus type 5 host range mutant (Ad5hr)-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) recombinants, followed by HIV/SIV envelope boosting, has proven highly immunogenic, resulting in protection from SIV/simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenges, Ad5hr recombinant distribution, replication, and persistence have not been examined comprehensively in nonhuman primates. We utilized Ad5hr-green fluorescent protein and Ad5hr-SIV recombinants to track biodistribution and immunogenicity following mucosal priming of rhesus macaques by the intranasal/intratracheal, sublingual, vaginal, or rectal route. Ad recombinants administered by all routes initially targeted macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and rectal tissue, later extending to myeloid dendritic cells in BAL fluid with persistent expression in rectal mucosa 25 weeks after the last Ad immunization. Comparable SIV-specific immunity, including cellular responses, serum binding antibody, and mucosal secretory IgA, was elicited among all groups. The ability of the vector to replicate in multiple mucosal sites irrespective of delivery route, together with the targeting of macrophages and professional antigen-presenting cells, which provide potent immunogenicity at localized sites of virus entry, warrants continued use of replicating Ad vectors.
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Low-dose penile SIVmac251 exposure of rhesus macaques infected with adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) and then immunized with a replication-defective Ad5-based SIV gag/pol/nef vaccine recapitulates the results of the phase IIb step trial of a similar HIV-1 vaccine. J Virol 2011; 86:2239-50. [PMID: 22156519 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06175-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Step Trial showed that the MRKAd5 HIV-1 subtype B Gag/Pol/Nef vaccine did not protect men from HIV infection or reduce setpoint plasma viral RNA (vRNA) levels but, unexpectedly, it did modestly enhance susceptibility to HIV infection in adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-seropositive, uncircumcised men. As part of the process to understand the results of the Step Trial, we designed a study to determine whether rhesus macaques chronically infected with a host-range mutant Ad5 (Ad5hr) and then immunized with a replication defective Ad5 SIVmac239 Gag/Pol/Nef vaccine were more resistant or susceptible to SIV infection than unimmunized rhesus macaques challenged with a series of escalating dose penile exposures to SIVmac 251. The Ad5 SIV vaccine induced CD8(+) T cell responses in 70% of the monkeys, which is similar to the proportion of humans that responded to the vaccine in the Step Trial. However, the vaccine did not protect vaccinated animals from penile SIV challenge. At the lowest SIV exposure dose (10(3) 50% tissue culture infective doses), 2 of 9 Ad5-seropositive animals immunized with the Ad5 SIV vaccine became infected compared to 0 of 34 animals infected in the other animal groups (naive animals, Ad5-seropositive animals immunized with the empty Ad5 vector, Ad5-seronegative animals immunized with the Ad5 SIV vaccine, and Ad5-seronegative animals immunized with the empty Ad5 vector). Penile exposure to more concentrated virus inocula produced similar rates of infection in all animal groups. Although setpoint viral loads were unaffected in Step vaccinees, the Ad5 SIV-immunized animals had significantly lower acute-phase plasma vRNA levels compared to unimmunized animals. Thus, the results of the nonhuman primate (NHP) study described here recapitulate the lack of protection against HIV acquisition seen in the Step Trial and suggest a greater risk of infection in the Ad5-seropositive animals immunized with the Ad5 SIV vaccine. Further studies are necessary to confirm the enhancement of virus acquisition and to discern associated mechanisms.
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Patterson LJ, Daltabuit-Test M, Xiao P, Zhao J, Hu W, Wille-Reece U, Brocca-Cofano E, Kalyanaraman V, Kalisz I, Whitney S, Lee EM, Pal R, Montefiori DC, Dandekar S, Seder R, Roederer M, Wiseman RW, Hirsch V, Robert-Guroff M. Rapid SIV Env-specific mucosal and serum antibody induction augments cellular immunity in protecting immunized, elite-controller macaques against high dose heterologous SIV challenge. Virology 2011; 411:87-102. [PMID: 21237474 PMCID: PMC3039060 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three Indian rhesus macaques, Ad-SIV primed/protein boosted and exposed twice to high-dose mucosal SIV(mac251) challenges, exhibited elite control of viremia over 6.5 years. They were negative for host factors associated with control of SIV infection. After a third intrarectal challenge with SIV(smE660), all controlled viremia, with one (macaque #5) maintaining undetectable viremia in blood. Acquisition was not blocked, but virus was contained in the jejunum and draining lymph nodes. Polyfunctional memory T cell responses and high-titered neutralizing and non-neutralizing serum and mucosal antibodies were present before and maintained post-challenge. The level of protection seen for animal #5 was predicted from analyses of gene transcription in jejunum 2 weeks post-challenge. Macaques #7 and #9, exhibiting lower pre-challenge cellular and humoral immunity, partially controlled the SIV(smE660) challenge. Initial vaccine-induced control by macaque #5 extended to the SIV(smE660) challenge due to multiple immune mechanisms that were boosted and augmented by cryptic SIV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Jean Patterson
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mara Daltabuit-Test
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Peng Xiao
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jun Zhao
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - William Hu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Ulrike Wille-Reece
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Egidio Brocca-Cofano
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Irene Kalisz
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Kensington, MD 20895
| | - Stephen Whitney
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Kensington, MD 20895
| | - Eun Mi Lee
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Kensington, MD 20895
| | - Ranajit Pal
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Kensington, MD 20895
| | | | - Satya Dandekar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Robert Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Roger W. Wiseman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
| | - Vanessa Hirsch
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Draper SJ, Biswas S, Spencer AJ, Remarque EJ, Capone S, Naddeo M, Dicks MDJ, Faber BW, de Cassan SC, Folgori A, Nicosia A, Gilbert SC, Hill AVS. Enhancing Blood-Stage Malaria Subunit Vaccine Immunogenicity in Rhesus Macaques by Combining Adenovirus, Poxvirus, and Protein-in-Adjuvant Vaccines. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:7583-95. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Martinon F, Kaldma K, Sikut R, Culina S, Romain G, Tuomela M, Adojaan M, Männik A, Toots U, Kivisild T, Morin J, Brochard P, Delache B, Tripiciano A, Ensoli F, Stanescu I, Le Grand R, Ustav M. Persistent immune responses induced by a human immunodeficiency virus DNA vaccine delivered in association with electroporation in the skin of nonhuman primates. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 20:1291-307. [PMID: 19627235 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies to improve vaccine efficacy are still required, especially in the case of chronic infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DNA vaccines have potential advantages over conventional vaccines; however, low immunological efficacy has been demonstrated in many experiments involving large animals and in clinical trials. To improve the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines, we have designed a plasmid vector exploiting the binding capacity of the bovine papillomavirus E2 protein and we have used electroporation (EP) to increase DNA uptake after intradermal inoculation. We demonstrated, in nonhuman primates (NHPs), efficient induction of anti-HIV immunity with an improved DNA vaccine vector encoding an artificial fusion protein, consisting of several proteins and selected epitopes from HIV-1. We show that a DNA vaccine delivery method combining intradermal injection and noninvasive EP dramatically increased expression of the vaccine antigen selectively in the epidermis, and our observations strongly suggest the involvement of Langerhans cells in the strength and quality of the anti-HIV immune response. Although the humoral responses to the vaccine were transient, the cellular responses were exceptionally robust and persisted, at high levels, more than 2 years after the last vaccine boost. The immune responses were characterized by the induction of significant proportions of T cells producing both interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 cytokines, in both subpopulations, CD4(+) and CD8(+). This strategy is an attractive approach for vaccination in humans because of its high efficacy and the possible use of newly developed devices for EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Martinon
- Division of Immunovirology, Life Sciences Program (DSV), Institute for Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Fontenay aux Roses, France.
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19
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Cafaro A, Macchia I, Maggiorella MT, Titti F, Ensoli B. Innovative approaches to develop prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against HIV/AIDS. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 655:189-242. [PMID: 20047043 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1132-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) emerged in the human population in the summer of 1981. According to the latest United Nations estimates, worldwide over 33 million people are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the prevalence rates continue to rise globally. To control the alarming spread of HIV, an urgent need exists for developing a safe and effective vaccine that prevents individuals from becoming infected or progressing to disease. To be effective, an HIV/AIDS vaccine should induce broad and long-lasting humoral and cellular immune responses, at both mucosal and systemic level. However, the nature of protective immune responses remains largely elusive and this represents one of the major roadblocks preventing the development of an effective vaccine. Here we summarize our present understanding of the factors responsible for resistance to infection or control of progression to disease in human and monkey that may be relevant to vaccine development and briefly review recent approaches which are currently being tested in clinical trials. Finally, the rationale and the current status of novel strategies based on nonstructural HIV-1 proteins, such as Tat, Nef and Rev, used alone or in combination with modified structural HIV-1 Env proteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Cafaro
- National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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20
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Hidajat R, Kuate S, Venzon D, Kalyanaraman V, Kalisz I, Treece J, Lian Y, Barnett SW, Robert-Guroff M. Construction and immunogenicity of replication-competent adenovirus 5 host range mutant recombinants expressing HIV-1 gp160 of SF162 and TV1 strains. Vaccine 2010; 28:3963-71. [PMID: 20382241 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An HIV Env immunogen capable of eliciting broad immunity is critical for a successful vaccine. We constructed and characterized adenovirus 5 host range mutant (Ad5hr) recombinants encoding HIV(SF162) gp160 (subtype B) and HIV(TV1) gp160 (subtype C). Immunization of mice with one or both induced cellular immunity to subtype B and C peptides by ELISpot, and antibody responses with high binding titers to HIV Env of subtypes A, B, C, and E. Notably, Ad5hr-HIV(TV1) gp160 induced better cellular immunity than Ad5hr-HIV(SF162) gp160, either alone or following co-administration. Thus, the TV1 Env recombinant alone may be sufficient for eliciting immune responses against both subtype B and C envelopes. Further studies of Ad5hr-HIV(TV1) gp160 in rhesus macaques will evaluate the suitability of this insert for a future phase I clinical trial using a replication-competent Ad4 vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachmat Hidajat
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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21
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Florese RH, Demberg T, Xiao P, Kuller L, Larsen K, Summers LE, Venzon D, Cafaro A, Ensoli B, Robert-Guroff M. Contribution of nonneutralizing vaccine-elicited antibody activities to improved protective efficacy in rhesus macaques immunized with Tat/Env compared with multigenic vaccines. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:3718-27. [PMID: 19265150 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously, chronic-phase protection against SHIV(89.6P) challenge was significantly greater in macaques primed with replicating adenovirus type 5 host range mutant (Ad5hr) recombinants encoding HIVtat and env and boosted with Tat and Env protein compared with macaques primed with multigenic adenovirus recombinants (HIVtat, HIVenv, SIVgag, SIVnef) and boosted with Tat, Env, and Nef proteins. The greater protection was correlated with Tat- and Env-binding Abs. Because the macaques lacked SHIV(89.6P)-neutralizing activity prechallenge, we investigated whether Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and Ab-dependent cell-mediated viral inhibition (ADCVI) might exert a protective effect. We clearly show that Tat can serve as an ADCC target, although the Tat-specific activity elicited did not correlate with better protection. However, Env-specific ADCC activity was consistently higher in the Tat/Env group, with sustained cell killing postchallenge exhibited at higher levels (p < 0.00001) for a longer duration (p = 0.0002) compared with the multigenic group. ADCVI was similarly higher in the Tat/Env group and significantly correlated with reduced acute-phase viremia at wk 2 and 4 postchallenge (p = 0.046 and 0.011, respectively). Viral-specific IgG and IgA Abs in mucosal secretions were elicited but did not influence the outcome of the i.v. SHIV(89.6P) challenge. The higher ADCC and ADCVI activities seen in the Tat/Env group provide a plausible mechanism responsible for the greater chronic-phase protection. Because Tat is known to enhance cell-mediated immunity to coadministered Ags, further studies should explore its impact on Ab induction so that it may be optimally incorporated into HIV vaccine regimens.
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22
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Bogers WMJM, Davis D, Baak I, Kan E, Hofman S, Sun Y, Mortier D, Lian Y, Oostermeijer H, Fagrouch Z, Dubbes R, van der Maas M, Mooij P, Koopman G, Verschoor E, Langedijk JPM, Zhao J, Brocca-Cofano E, Robert-Guroff M, Srivastava I, Barnett S, Heeney JL. Systemic neutralizing antibodies induced by long interval mucosally primed systemically boosted immunization correlate with protection from mucosal SHIV challenge. Virology 2008; 382:217-25. [PMID: 18947849 PMCID: PMC2723753 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Immune correlates of vaccine protection from HIV-1 infection would provide important milestones to guide HIV-1 vaccine development. In a proof of concept study using mucosal priming and systemic boosting, the titer of neutralizing antibodies in sera was found to correlate with protection of mucosally exposed rhesus macaques from SHIV infection. Mucosal priming consisted of two sequential immunizations at 12-week intervals with replicating host range mutants of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5hr) expressing the HIV-1(89.6p) env gene. Following boosting with either heterologous recombinant protein or alphavirus replicons at 12-week intervals animals were intrarectally exposed to infectious doses of the CCR5 tropic SHIV(SF162p4). Heterologous mucosal prime systemic boost immunization elicited neutralizing antibodies (Nabs), antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC), and specific patterns of antibody binding to envelope peptides. Vaccine induced protection did not correlate with the type of boost nor T-cell responses, but rather with the Nab titer prior to exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy M J M Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), P.O. Box 3306, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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23
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Correlation of vaccine-elicited systemic and mucosal nonneutralizing antibody activities with reduced acute viremia following intrarectal simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac251 challenge of rhesus macaques. J Virol 2008; 83:791-801. [PMID: 18971271 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01672-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-mediated immunity and neutralizing antibodies contribute to control of human immunodeficiency virus/simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV/SIV) infection, but the role of nonneutralizing antibodies is not defined. Previously, we reported that sequential oral/oral or intranasal/oral (I/O) priming with replication-competent adenovirus type 5 host range mutant (Ad5hr)-SIV recombinants, followed by intramuscular envelope protein boosting, elicited systemic and mucosal cellular immunity and exhibited equivalent, significant reductions of chronic viremia after rectal SIV(mac251) challenge. However, I/O priming gave significantly better control of acute viremia. Here, systemic and mucosal humoral immunity were investigated for potential correlates with the acute challenge outcome. Strong serum binding but nonneutralizing antibody responses against SIV(mac251) were induced in both groups. Antibody responses appeared earlier and overall were higher in the I/O group. Reduced acute viremia was significantly correlated with higher serum binding titer, stronger antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity, and peak prechallenge and 2-week-postchallenge antibody-dependent cell-mediated viral inhibition (ADCVI). The I/O group consistently displayed greater anti-envelope immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody responses in bronchoalveolar lavage and a stronger rectal anti-envelope IgA anamnestic response 2 weeks postchallenge. Pre- and postchallenge rectal secretions inhibited SIV transcytosis across epithelial cells. The inhibition was significantly higher in the I/O group, although a significant correlation with reduced acute viremia was not reached. Overall, the replicating Ad5hr-SIV priming/envelope boosting approach elicited strong systemic and mucosal antibodies with multiple functional activities. The pattern of elevated immune responses in the I/O group is consistent with its better control of acute viremia mediated, at least in part, by ADCVI activity and transcytosis inhibition.
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Patterson LJ, Robert-Guroff M. Replicating adenovirus vector prime/protein boost strategies for HIV vaccine development. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008; 8:1347-63. [PMID: 18694354 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.8.9.1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years the HIV vaccine field introduced a number of promising vaccine candidates into human clinical trials. OBJECTIVE To briefly discuss the advances made in vaccine development and HIV pathogenesis and give an overview of the body of work our lab has generated in multiple animal models on replication-competent Adenovirus recombinant vaccines. METHODS Emphasis is placed on comparative examination of vaccine components, routes of immunization and challenge models using replicating Adenovirus vectors. RESULTS/CONCLUSION The findings make the case that replicating Adenovirus vectors are superior in priming multiple arms of the immune system, and in conjunction with protein boosting, have resulted in dramatic protective efficacy leading to their advancement to Phase I trials. Implications of the recent halting of the Merck Ad5-HIV Phase IIb clinical trial of our vaccine approach and other vectored vaccines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jean Patterson
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Branch, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-5065, USA
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25
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Sequential priming with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) DNA vaccines, with or without encoded cytokines, and a replicating adenovirus-SIV recombinant followed by protein boosting does not control a pathogenic SIVmac251 mucosal challenge. J Virol 2008; 82:10911-21. [PMID: 18753198 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01129-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, combination DNA/nonreplicating adenovirus (Ad)- or poxvirus-vectored vaccines have strongly protected against SHIV(89.6P), DNAs expressing cytokines have modulated immunity elicited by DNA vaccines, and replication-competent Ad-recombinant priming and protein boosting has strongly protected against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenge. Here we evaluated a vaccine strategy composed of these promising components. Seven rhesus macaques per group were primed twice with multigenic SIV plasmid DNA with or without interleukin-12 (IL-12) DNA or IL-15 DNA. After a multigenic replicating Ad-SIV immunization, all groups received two booster immunizations with SIV gp140 and SIV Nef protein. Four control macaques received control DNA plasmids, empty Ad vector, and adjuvant. All vaccine components were immunogenic, but the cytokine DNAs had little effect. Macaques that received IL-15-DNA exhibited higher peak anti-Nef titers, a more rapid anti-Nef anamnestic response postchallenge, and expanded CD8(CM) T cells 2 weeks postchallenge compared to the DNA-only group. Other immune responses were indistinguishable between groups. Overall, no protection against intrarectal challenge with SIV(mac251) was observed, although immunized non-Mamu-A*01 macaques as a group exhibited a statistically significant 1-log decline in acute viremia compared to non-Mamu-A*01 controls. Possible factors contributing to the poor outcome include administration of cytokine DNAs to sites different from the Ad recombinants (intramuscular and intratracheal, respectively), too few DNA priming immunizations, a suboptimal DNA delivery method, failure to ensure delivery of SIV and cytokine plasmids to the same cell, and instability and short half-life of the IL-15 component. Future experiments should address these issues to determine if this combination approach is able to control a virulent SIV challenge.
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26
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Florese RH, Wiseman RW, Venzon D, Karl JA, Demberg T, Larsen K, Flanary L, Kalyanaraman VS, Pal R, Titti F, Patterson LJ, Heath MJ, O'Connor DH, Cafaro A, Ensoli B, Robert-Guroff M. Comparative study of Tat vaccine regimens in Mauritian cynomolgus and Indian rhesus macaques: influence of Mauritian MHC haplotypes on susceptibility/resistance to SHIV(89.6P) infection. Vaccine 2008; 26:3312-21. [PMID: 18486283 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Protection afforded by HIV Tat-based vaccines has differed in Indian rhesus and Mauritian cynomolgus macaques. We evaluated native Tat and Ad-HIVtat priming/Tat-boosting regimens in both species. Both vaccines were immunogenic. Only the Ad-tat regimen modestly reduced acute viremia in rhesus macaques after SHIV(89.6P) challenge. Confounding variables uncovered in Mauritian macaques included significant associations of susceptibility to infection with MHC class IB and class II H2 and H5 haplotypes, and resistance to infection with class IB haplotypes H3 and H6. Although protection here was limited, Tat-based vaccines incorporating other HIV components have shown greater efficacy. Combination strategies should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth H Florese
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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27
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Huisman W, Schrauwen EJA, Pas SD, van Amerongen G, Rimmelzwaan GF, Osterhaus ADME. Evaluation of ISCOM-adjuvanted subunit vaccines containing recombinant feline immunodeficiency virus Rev, OrfA and envelope protein in cats. Vaccine 2008; 26:2553-61. [PMID: 18430494 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
For the development of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) vaccines mostly structural proteins have been evaluated for their capacity to induce protective immunity. In the present study, subunit vaccines containing recombinant FIV accessory proteins Rev and OrfA were evaluated in cats. Cats were vaccinated repeatedly with these proteins, adjuvanted with immune stimulating complexes (ISCOMs). In addition, cats were vaccinated with bacterially expressed fragments spanning the entire FIV envelope protein, either alone or in combination with the regulatory proteins. Subsequently, the cats were challenged with a homologous FIV strain to assess the level of protective immunity achieved with the respective vaccination regimens. Although the vaccines proved to be immunogenic, vaccinated cats were not protected from infection with FIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Huisman
- Erasmus MC, Institute of Virology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Preparation of inorganic–organic anion-exchange membranes and their application in plasmid DNA and RNA separation. J Memb Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Patterson LJ, Beal J, Demberg T, Florese RH, Malkevich N, Venzon D, Aldrich K, Richardson E, Kalyanaraman VS, Kalisz I, Lee EM, Montefiori DC, Robey FA, Robert-Guroff M. Replicating adenovirus HIV/SIV recombinant priming alone or in combination with a gp140 protein boost results in significant control of viremia following a SHIV89.6P challenge in Mamu-A*01 negative rhesus macaques. Virology 2008; 374:322-37. [PMID: 18252262 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Revised: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previously, replicating adenovirus type 5 host range (Ad5hr)-HIV/SIV recombinant priming in combination with SIV envelope boosting, resulted in significant, durable protection in 39% of rhesus macaques after SIVmac251 challenge. Both Env-specific antibody mediating ADCC, and cellular immunity correlated with protection. Here we evaluate the relative immunogenicities of novel HIV proteins and their contribution to protection in a SHIV89.6P model. All groups were primed with Ad-HIVenv89.6P, SIVgag239, and SIVnef239 recombinants. One group was not boosted, one received HIV89.6Pgp140DeltaCFI protein, and one a novel HIV-1 poly-peptide "peptomer". The HIV89.6Pgp140DeltaCFI protein in adjuvant strongly boosted Env-specific antibody and memory T cell responses in blood and tissue, resulting in significant reductions in acute and set point viremia. Macaques not boosted, showed a significant reduction in set point viremia, a full 32 weeks after the last Ad priming immunization. The HIV peptomer-boosted group showed a trend toward chronic viremia reduction, but was not protected.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jean Patterson
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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30
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Robert-Guroff M. Replicating and non-replicating viral vectors for vaccine development. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2007; 18:546-56. [PMID: 18063357 PMCID: PMC2245896 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Viral vectors provide a convenient means to deliver vaccine antigens to select target cells or tissues. A broad spectrum of replicating and non-replicating vectors is available. An appropriate choice for select applications will depend on the biology of the infectious agent targeted, as well as factors such as whether the vaccine is intended to prevent infection or boost immunity in already infected individuals, prior exposure of the target population to the vector, safety, and the number and size of gene inserts needed. Here several viral vectors under development as HIV/AIDS vaccines are reviewed. A vaccine strategy based on initial priming with a replicating vector to enlist the innate immune system, target mucosal inductive sites, and prime both cellular and humoral systemic and mucosal immune responses is proposed. Subsequently, boosting with a replicating or non-replicating vector and/or protein subunits could lead to induction of necessary levels of protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Vaccine Branch, 41 Medlars Drive, Building 41, Room D804, Bethesda, MD 20892-5065, United States.
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31
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Improved protection against simian immunodeficiency virus mucosal challenge in macaques primed with a DNA vaccine and boosted with the recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara and recombinant Semliki Forest virus. Vaccine 2007; 26:532-45. [PMID: 18093703 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Revised: 11/04/2007] [Accepted: 11/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Using the experimental infection of cynomolgus macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) as a model of human immunodeficiency virus infection in humans, we studied the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a vaccine strategy combining DNA, the modified recombinant vaccinia virus strain Ankara (MVA) and Semliki Forest virus (SFV) expressing gag, pol, env, tat, rev and nef from SIV. Although this immunization strategy induced moderate immune responses, the control of pathogenic SIVmac251 infection following mucosal challenge was clearly improved by vaccination. The viral load in vaccinated animals was reduced by 2 logs during the acute phase of infection and, in five of the six macaques, viral load fell below the detection limit at set point. No correlates of immune protection were identified, but SIV-specific T-cell responses were detected earlier in vaccinated animals than in controls. These results highlight the power of live attenuated virus vectors for vaccination strategies.
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32
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Zhou Q, Hidajat R, Peng B, Venzon D, Aldrich MK, Richardson E, Lee EM, Kalyanaraman VS, Grimes G, Gómez-Román VR, Summers LE, Malkevich N, Robert-Guroff M. Comparative evaluation of oral and intranasal priming with replication-competent adenovirus 5 host range mutant (Ad5hr)-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) recombinant vaccines on immunogenicity and protective efficacy against SIV(mac251). Vaccine 2007; 25:8021-35. [PMID: 17935840 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Revised: 09/04/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oral, replication-competent Ad-HIV vaccines are advancing to human trials. Previous evaluation of protective efficacy in non-human primates has primarily followed upper respiratory tract administrations. Here we compared sequential oral (O/O) versus intranasal/oral (I/O) priming of rhesus macaques with Ad5 host range mutant-SIV recombinants expressing SIV env/rev, gag, and nef genes followed by boosting with SIV gp120 protein. Cellular immune responses in PBMC were stronger and more frequent after I/O administration. Both groups developed mucosal immunity, including memory cells in bronchial alveolar lavage, and gut-homing receptors on PBMC. Following intrarectal SIV(mac251) challenge, both groups exhibited equivalent, significant protection and robust post-challenge cellular immunity. Our results illustrate the promise of oral replication-competent Ad-recombinant vaccines. Pre-challenge PBMC ELISPOT and proliferative responses did not predict protection in the O/O group, highlighting the need for simple, non-invasive methods to reliably assess mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Zhou
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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33
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Koopman G, Bogers WMJM, van Gils M, Koornstra W, Barnett S, Morein B, Lehner T, Heeney JL. Comparison of intranasal with targeted lymph node immunization using PR8-Flu ISCOM adjuvanted HIV antigens in macaques. J Med Virol 2007; 79:474-82. [PMID: 17385685 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly spreading HIV epidemic requires a vaccine that elicits potent mucosal immunity to halt or slow transmission. Induction of these responses will depend on the use of appropriate adjuvants and targeting of the mucosal immune system. Previously, immune stimulating complexes (ISCOM) have shown great potency as adjuvant in the induction of mucosal responses in mice and systemic responses in non-human primates. In this study, HIV formulated in PR8-Flu ISCOM adjuvant was applied to immunize rhesus macaques against HIV; targeting the mucosa either via intranasal (IN) application or via targeted lymph node immunization (TLNI). While, strong systemic, HIV specific, cytokine, lymphoproliferative, and antibody responses were induced via the TLNI route, the IN application generated only low responses. Furthermore, all four animals immunized via TLNI developed vaginal IgA antibodies against gp120. In conclusion, in contrast to what has been demonstrated in mice, the IN application of PR8-Flu ISCOM did not induce strong immune responses in rhesus macaques unlike those immunized by the TLNI route.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Koopman
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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34
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Santosuosso M, McCormick S, Roediger E, Zhang X, Zganiacz A, Lichty BD, Xing Z. Mucosal luminal manipulation of T cell geography switches on protective efficacy by otherwise ineffective parenteral genetic immunization. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:2387-95. [PMID: 17277145 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.4.2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Genetic immunization holds great promise for future vaccination against mucosal infectious diseases. However, parenteral genetic immunization is ineffective in control of mucosal intracellular infections, and the underlying mechanisms have remained unclear. By using a model of parenteral i.m. genetic immunization and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), we have investigated the mechanisms that determine the failure and success of parenteral genetic immunization. We found that lack of protection from pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) challenge by i.m. immunization with a recombinant adenovirus-vectored tuberculosis vaccine was linked to the absence of M.tb Ag-specific T cells within the airway lumen before M.tb challenge despite potent T cell activation in the systemic compartments. Furthermore, pulmonary mycobacterial challenge failed to recruit CD8 T cells into the airway lumen of i.m. immunized mice. Such defect in T cell recruitment, intra-airway CTL, and immune protection was restored by creating acute inflammation in the airway with inflammatory agonists such as virus. However, the Ag-specific T cells recruited as such were not retained in the airway lumen, resulting in a loss of protection. In comparison, airway exposure to low doses of soluble M.tb Ags not only recruited but retained Ag-specific CD8 T cells in the airway lumen over time that provided robust protection against M.tb challenge. Thus, our study reveals that mucosal protection by parenteral immunization is critically determined by T cell geography, i.e., whether Ag-specific T cells are within or outside of the mucosal lumen and presents a feasible solution to empower parenteral immunization strategies against mucosal infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Santosuosso
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Gene Therapeutics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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35
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Demberg T, Florese RH, Heath MJ, Larsen K, Kalisz I, Kalyanaraman VS, Lee EM, Pal R, Venzon D, Grant R, Patterson LJ, Korioth-Schmitz B, Buzby A, Dombagoda D, Montefiori DC, Letvin NL, Cafaro A, Ensoli B, Robert-Guroff M. A replication-competent adenovirus-human immunodeficiency virus (Ad-HIV) tat and Ad-HIV env priming/Tat and envelope protein boosting regimen elicits enhanced protective efficacy against simian/human immunodeficiency virus SHIV89.6P challenge in rhesus macaques. J Virol 2007; 81:3414-27. [PMID: 17229693 PMCID: PMC1866031 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02453-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that replication-competent adenovirus (Ad)-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) recombinant prime/protein boost regimens elicit potent immunogenicity and strong, durable protection of rhesus macaques against SIV(mac251). Additionally, native Tat vaccines have conferred strong protection against simian/human immunodeficiency virus SHIV(89.6P) challenge of cynomolgus monkeys, while native, inactivated, or vectored Tat vaccines have failed to elicit similar protective efficacy in rhesus macaques. Here we asked if priming rhesus macaques with replicating Ad-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tat and boosting with the Tat protein would elicit protection against SHIV(89.6P). We also evaluated a Tat/Env regimen, adding an Ad-HIV env recombinant and envelope protein boost to test whether envelope antibodies would augment acute-phase protection. Further, expecting cellular immunity to enhance chronic viremia control, we tested a multigenic group: Ad-HIV tat, -HIV env, -SIV gag, and -SIV nef recombinants and Tat, Env, and Nef proteins. All regimens were immunogenic. A hierarchy was observed in enzyme-linked immunospot responses (with the strongest response for Env, followed by Gag, followed by Nef, followed by Tat) and antibody titers (with the highest titer for Env, followed by Tat, followed by Nef, followed by Gag). Following intravenous SHIV(89.6P) challenge, all macaques became infected. Compared to controls, no protection was seen in the Tat-only group, confirming previous reports for rhesus macaques. However, the multigenic group blunted acute viremia by approximately 1 log (P = 0.017), and both the multigenic and Tat/Env groups reduced chronic viremia by 3 and 4 logs, respectively, compared to controls (multigenic, P = 0.0003; Tat/Env, P < 0.0001). The strikingly greater reduction in the Tat/Env group than in the multigenic group (P = 0.014) was correlated with Tat and Env binding antibodies. Since prechallenge anti-Env antibodies lacked SHIV(89.6P)-neutralizing activity, other functional anti-Env and anti-Tat activities are under investigation, as is a possible synergy between the Tat and Env immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Demberg
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute/NIH, 41 Medlars Drive, Building 41, Bethesda, MD 20892-5065, USA
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36
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Vinner L, Therrien D, Wee E, Laursen I, Hanke T, Corbet SL, Fomsgaard A. Immune response in rhesus macaques after mixed modality immunisations with DNA, recombinant adenovirus and recombinant gp120 from human immunodeficiency virus type 1. APMIS 2006; 114:690-9. [PMID: 17004972 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2006.apm_395.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of effective regimens for a vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is urgently needed. In the present study we have produced HIV-1 gp120 from a vaccine-relevant primary R5 isolate in recombinant vaccinia (rVV)-infected Vero cells. We have investigated the effect of boosting with this protein in mixed modality immunisations of rhesus macaques following different immunisation. As reported earlier, animals were primed with codon-optimised HIV-1(BX08)env DNA delivered as plasmid or as replication-deficient recombinant human adenovirus type 5 (rAd5), which both induced specific antibody and cellular immune responses (1). Boosting with rAd5 temporarily had increased the anti-gp120 antibody titres approximately 1 log (rAd5+rAd5) or 3 log (DNA+rAd5) (1). However, secondary rAd5 boosting showed less effect due to the induced vector-specific immunity. To further boost the antibody response, the rgp120(BX08) was injected with Quadri A saponin adjuvant. The protein boosting resulted in a 1-2 log antibody increase and also boosting of the cell-mediated immune response. Neutralising antibodies to the heterologous HIV-1(MN) were detected; however, neutralising antibodies to the primary HIV-1(Bx08) isolate were seen only transiently after rAd5 but not the rgp120 immunisation. It is concluded that the rgp120(Bx08) reagent from rVV-infected Vero cells is functional and immunogenic in macaques, inducing both antibody and cellular immunity. The rgp120(Bx08) is a relevant model antigen that may be used to boost antibody and cellular immunity in mixed modality vaccine regimens against HIV-1 in higher animals.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage
- AIDS Vaccines/immunology
- Adenoviridae/metabolism
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/immunology
- Adenoviruses, Human/metabolism
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Animals
- Antibody Specificity
- Genes, env/genetics
- HIV Antibodies/blood
- HIV Envelope Protein gp120/biosynthesis
- HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology
- HIV Infections/immunology
- HIV-1/immunology
- Immunization
- Immunization, Secondary
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Macaca mulatta
- Neutralization Tests
- Plasmids/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Saponins/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Vinner
- Department of Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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37
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Florese RH, Van Rompay KKA, Aldrich K, Forthal DN, Landucci G, Mahalanabis M, Haigwood N, Venzon D, Kalyanaraman VS, Marthas ML, Robert-Guroff M. Evaluation of passively transferred, nonneutralizing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity-mediating IgG in protection of neonatal rhesus macaques against oral SIVmac251 challenge. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:4028-36. [PMID: 16951366 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.6.4028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously, Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was significantly correlated with reduced acute viremia upon intrarectal SIVmac251 challenge of immunized rhesus macaques. To directly assess ADCC protective efficacy, six neonatal macaques were infused s.c. with immune IgG (220 mg/kg) purified from the immunized animals and positive for ADCC and Ab-dependent cell-mediated viral inhibition (ADCVI) activities. Six neonates received control IgG. The neonates were challenged twice orally with 10(5) 50% inhibiting tissue culture-infective dose of SIVmac251 2 days post-IgG infusion. At challenge, plasma of neonates that received immune IgG did not neutralize SIVmac251 but had geometric mean ADCC titers of 48,130 and 232,850 against SIVmac251 -infected and gp120-coated targets, respectively. Peak ADCVI activity varied from 62 to 81%. ADCC activity declined with the 2-wk IgG half-life but was boosted at wk 4, together with de novo ADCC-mediating Abs in controls, by postchallenge viremia. ADCVI activity was similarly induced. No protection, assessed by viral burdens, CD4 counts, and time to euthanasia was observed. Possible factors contributing to the discrepancy between the previous correlation and lack of protection here include: the high oral challenge dose compared with the 400-fold lower intrarectal dose; the challenge route with regard to viral dissemination and distribution of infused IgG; insufficient NK effector activity and/or poor functionality in newborns; insufficient immune IgG; and the possibility that the previous correlation of ADCC with protection was augmented by cellular immune responses also present at challenge. Future studies should explore additional challenge routes in juvenile macaques using higher amounts of potent IgG preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth H Florese
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-5065, USA
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38
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Kaur A, Sanford HB, Garry D, Lang S, Klumpp SA, Watanabe D, Bronson RT, Lifson JD, Rosati M, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK, Knipe DM, Desrosiers RC. Ability of herpes simplex virus vectors to boost immune responses to DNA vectors and to protect against challenge by simian immunodeficiency virus. Virology 2006; 357:199-214. [PMID: 16962628 PMCID: PMC1819472 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2006] [Revised: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The immunogenicity and protective capacity of replication-defective herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector-based vaccines were examined in rhesus macaques. Three macaques were inoculated with recombinant HSV vectors expressing Gag, Env, and a Tat-Rev-Nef fusion protein of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Three other macaques were primed with recombinant DNA vectors expressing Gag, Env, and a Pol-Tat-Nef-Vif fusion protein prior to boosting with the HSV vectors. Robust anti-Gag and anti-Env cellular responses were detected in all six macaques. Following intravenous challenge with wild-type, cloned SIV239, peak and 12-week plasma viremia levels were significantly lower in vaccinated compared to control macaques. Plasma SIV RNA in vaccinated macaques was inversely correlated with anti-Rev ELISPOT responses on the day of challenge (P value<0.05), anti-Tat ELISPOT responses at 2 weeks post challenge (P value <0.05) and peak neutralizing antibody titers pre-challenge (P value 0.06). These findings support continued study of recombinant herpesviruses as a vaccine approach for AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitinder Kaur
- New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, One Pine Hill Drive, P.O. Box 9102, Southborough, MA 01772-9102, USA.
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39
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Malkevitch NV, Patterson LJ, Aldrich MK, Wu Y, Venzon D, Florese RH, Kalyanaraman VS, Pal R, Lee EM, Zhao J, Cristillo A, Robert-Guroff M. Durable protection of rhesus macaques immunized with a replicating adenovirus-SIV multigene prime/protein boost vaccine regimen against a second SIVmac251 rectal challenge: role of SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Virology 2006; 353:83-98. [PMID: 16814356 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Revised: 05/06/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Previously, priming with replication-competent adenovirus-SIV multigenic vaccines and boosting with envelope subunits strongly protected 39% of rhesus macaques against rectal SIV(mac251) challenge. To evaluate protection durability, eleven of the protected and two SIV-infected unimmunized macaques that controlled viremia were re-challenged rectally with SIV(mac251). Strong protection was observed in 8/11 vaccinees, including two exhibiting <50 SIV RNA copies. Decreased viremia compared to naïve controls was observed in the other three. The SIV-infected unimmunized macaques modestly controlled viremia but exhibited CD4 counts < or =200, unlike the protected macaques. Durable protection was associated with significantly increased SIV-specific ELISPOT responses and lymphoproliferative responses to p27 at re-challenge. After CD8 depletion, 2 of 8 re-challenged, protected vaccinees maintained <50 SIV RNA copies; SIV RNA emerged in 6. Re-appearance of CD8 cells and restoration of SIV-specific cellular immunity coincided with viremia suppression. Overall, cellular immunity induced by vaccination and/or low-level, inapparent viremia post-first SIV(mac251) challenge, was associated with durable protection against re-challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina V Malkevitch
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 41 Medlars Drive MSC 5065, Building 41, Room D804, Bethesda, MD 20892-5065, USA
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40
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Yin J, Ren X, Tian Z, Li Y. Assembly of pseudorabies virus genome-based transfer vehicle carrying major antigen sites of S gene of transmissible gastroenteritis virus: potential perspective for developing live vector vaccines. Biologicals 2006; 35:55-61. [PMID: 16731004 PMCID: PMC7128284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2006.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2005] [Revised: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 02/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Two severe porcine infectious diseases, pseudorabies (PR) and transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) respectively often result in serious economic loss in animal husbandry worldwide. Vaccination is the important prevention means against both infections. To achieve a PRV genome-based virus live vector, aiming at further TGEV/PRV bivalent vaccine development, a recombinant plasmid pUG was constructed via inserting partial PK and full-length gG genes of PRV strain Bartha K-61 amplified into pUC119 vector. In parallel, another recombinant pHS was generated by introducing a fragment designated S1 encoding the major antigen sites of S gene from TGEV strain TH-98 into a prokaryotic expression vector pPROEX HTc. The SV40 polyA sequence was then inserted into the downstream of S1 fragment of pHS. The continuous region containing S1fragment, SV40 polyA and four single restriction enzyme sites digested from pHS was subcloned into the downstream of gG promoter of pUG. In addition, a LacZ reporter gene was introduced into the universal transfer vector named pUGS-LacZ. Subsequently, a PRV genome-based virus live vector was generated via homologous recombination. The functionally effective vector was purified and partially characterized. Moreover, the potential advantages of this system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiechao Yin
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, 150030 Harbin, PR China
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41
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Gómez-Román VR, Grimes GJ, Potti GK, Peng B, Demberg T, Gravlin L, Treece J, Pal R, Lee EM, Alvord WG, Markham PD, Robert-Guroff M. Oral delivery of replication-competent adenovirus vectors is well tolerated by SIV- and SHIV-infected rhesus macaques. Vaccine 2006; 24:5064-72. [PMID: 16621178 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2005] [Revised: 03/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although replication-competent adenovirus (Ad) vectors are promising in AIDS vaccine design, their safety in immune compromised hosts is unknown. To initially address this question, enteric-coated tablets containing a replicating Ad vector were orally administered to SHIV- and SIV-infected rhesus macaques with normal, intermediate or low CD4 T cell counts and stable disease. The vector was detected within a week after tablet administration in stools of all animals but not in nasal secretions, indicating no spread of virus to the upper respiratory tract. CD4 T cell counts and viral loads remained stable in all animals and no signs of fever, weight loss, or other clinical symptoms of Ad-induced disease were observed during 10 weeks of follow-up. Oral delivery of the replicating Ad vector was safe and well tolerated by SHIV- and SIV-infected hosts. Oral enteric-coated tablets may prove safe for administering replicating Ad-vectored vaccines in areas with high HIV prevalence.
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42
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Gómez-Román VR, Florese RH, Patterson LJ, Peng B, Venzon D, Aldrich K, Robert-Guroff M. A simplified method for the rapid fluorometric assessment of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. J Immunol Methods 2006; 308:53-67. [PMID: 16343526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2005.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2004] [Revised: 07/27/2005] [Accepted: 09/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the FATAL cytolysis assay can be adapted into a rapid and fluorometric antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assay (RFADCC). The RFADCC relies on double-staining target cells with a membrane dye (PKH-26) and a viability dye (CFSE) prior to the addition of antibody and effector cells. We used the RFADCC to assess dose-dependent and envelope-specific anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ADCC responses mediated by monoclonal antibody-2G12 and human sera. Using the assay, we also detected early anti-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) ADCC responses in rhesus macaques infected with pathogenic SIV(mac251). Importantly, the RFADCC was further useful in monitoring anti-HIV and anti-SIV ADCC responses elicited by immunizing chimpanzees and rhesus macaques with replicating adenovirus-based AIDS vaccine candidates. In comparison to the standard chromium release assay, the RFADCC provides a higher cell killing readout and is advantageous in allowing use of viably frozen as well as fresh effector cells, thus facilitating assay standardization. The RFADCC is therefore a simple, reliable, and highly sensitive method that can be applied to assess the ADCC activity of monoclonal antibodies as well as ADCC responses elicited by HIV or SIV infection or by AIDS vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Raúl Gómez-Román
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 41 Medlars Drive, Room D804, Bethesda, MD 20892-5065, USA
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43
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Goerke AR, To BCS, Lee AL, Sagar SL, Konz JO. Development of a novel adenovirus purification process utilizing selective precipitation of cellular DNA. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 91:12-21. [PMID: 15889400 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of recombinant adenoviral vectors for vaccination and gene therapy requires the development of purification processes that are cost-effective, scalable, and capable of robust host cell DNA clearance. An adenovirus purification process was developed which incorporates selective precipitation of host cell DNA, enabling a reduction in the use of costly nucleases and chromatographic resins while substantially improving DNA and protein clearance capabilities. In this work, three cationic detergents were evaluated for their capacity to selectively precipitate DNA from adenovirus-containing cell lysate. Parameters including pH, sodium chloride concentration, nonionic surfactant concentration, and cell density were investigated during development of the precipitation step. In a novel application, the cationic detergent domiphen bromide was found to have superior selectivity for host cell DNA. In addition, domiphen bromide-induced precipitation of adenovirus was shown to be reversible, which reduces the importance of mixing. Precipitation of DNA in the cell lysate coupled with primary clarification resulted in 3 logs of DNA clearance and improved impurity clearance in the subsequent ultrafiltration step. As a result, nuclease treatment and/or anion exchange chromatography can be eliminated, or included exclusively to improve process robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Goerke
- Biologics Development & Engineering, BioProcess R&D, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
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44
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Pinczewski J, Zhao J, Malkevitch N, Patterson LJ, Aldrich K, Alvord WG, Robert-Guroff M. Enhanced immunity and protective efficacy against SIVmac251 intrarectal challenge following ad-SIV priming by multiple mucosal routes and gp120 boosting in MPL-SE. Viral Immunol 2005; 18:236-43. [PMID: 15802969 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2005.18.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, 39% of rhesus macaques primed orally, intranasally, and intratracheally with adenovirus (Ad)-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) recombinants and boosted with gp120 in monophosphoryl lipid A-stable emulsion (MPL-SE) remained aviremic or cleared or controlled viremia at the threshold of detection following SIV(mac251) intrarectal challenge (Study B). In contrast, no macaques primed orally and intranasally with Ad-SIV recombinants and boosted with gp120 in Quillaja Saponaria-21 exhibited undetectable viremia post-challenge (Study A). We conducted a detailed comparison of the studies to elucidate the effect of different vaccine regimens on induced immunity associated with the different challenge outcomes. Quantitative viral load comparisons were statistically analyzed. All immune responses were assessed at identical timepoints post-immunization, and cellular immunity was re-evaluated on cryopreserved cells from Study B macaques to match Study A data acquired with frozen cells. Study B exhibited greater protective efficacy, increased levels of p11C and p54m tetramer positive cells and a trend toward enhanced interferon-gamma secreting cells in response to Env and Gag peptides, modestly enhanced serum neutralizing antibodies, and greater positivity in anti-gp120 rectal IgA and IgG antibodies. Study A macaques exhibited greater positivity in salivary IgA anti-gp120 antibodies. Thus, the vaccine regimen using oral-intranasal-intratracheal priming and protein boosting in MPL-SE was superior, eliciting greater protective efficacy against pathogenic SIV(mac251) and enhanced SIV-specific immunity, systemically and at rectal sites. The mechanism(s) by which binding antibodies, lacking neutralizing activity against the primary challenge virus, may contribute to protection requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Pinczewski
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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45
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Zhao J, Voltan R, Peng B, Davis-Warren A, Kalyanaraman VS, Alvord WG, Aldrich K, Bernasconi D, Buttò S, Cafaro A, Ensoli B, Robert-Guroff M. Enhanced cellular immunity to SIV Gag following co-administration of adenoviruses encoding wild-type or mutant HIV Tat and SIV Gag. Virology 2005; 342:1-12. [PMID: 16109434 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2005] [Revised: 06/15/2005] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among candidate antigens for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prophylactic vaccines, the regulatory protein Tat is a critical early target, but has a potential for immune suppression. Adenovirus (Ad) recombinants encoding wild-type HIV Tat (Tat-wt) and a transdominant negative mutant HIV Tat (Tat22) were constructed and administered to mice separately or together with Ad-SIVgag. Immunogenicity and effects on immune responses to the co-administered Gag immunogen were evaluated. Wild-type and mutant Tat recombinants elicited similar Tat-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. Co-administration of either Tat immunogen with Ad-SIVgag induced modest but significant enhancement of Gag-specific interferon-gamma secreting T cells and lymphoproliferative responses. Neither the Ad-recombinant encoding Tat-wt nor Tat22 suppressed induction of anti-Tat or anti-Gag antibodies. Based on the immune responses observed in mice, both recombinants appear to be suitable vaccine candidates. Their contribution to protective efficacy remains to be determined in a non-human primate model.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage
- AIDS Vaccines/genetics
- AIDS Vaccines/immunology
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adenoviridae/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Base Sequence
- DNA, Recombinant/genetics
- Female
- Gene Products, gag/genetics
- Gene Products, gag/immunology
- Gene Products, tat/genetics
- Gene Products, tat/immunology
- Genes, gag
- Genes, tat
- Genetic Vectors
- HIV Antibodies/biosynthesis
- HIV-1/genetics
- HIV-1/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunization
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Macaca mulatta
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mutation
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- National Cancer Institute, 41 Medlars Drive, Building 41, Room D804, Bethesda, MD 20892-5065, USA
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46
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Peng B, Wang LR, Gómez-Román VR, Davis-Warren A, Montefiori DC, Kalyanaraman VS, Venzon D, Zhao J, Kan E, Rowell TJ, Murthy KK, Srivastava I, Barnett SW, Robert-Guroff M. Replicating rather than nonreplicating adenovirus-human immunodeficiency virus recombinant vaccines are better at eliciting potent cellular immunity and priming high-titer antibodies. J Virol 2005; 79:10200-9. [PMID: 16051813 PMCID: PMC1182659 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.16.10200-10209.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 05/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in combating the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic is the development of vaccines capable of inducing potent, persistent cellular immunity and broadly reactive neutralizing antibody responses to HIV type 1 (HIV-1). We report here the results of a preclinical trial using the chimpanzee model to investigate a combination vaccine strategy involving sequential priming immunizations with different serotypes of adenovirus (Ad)/HIV-1(MN)env/rev recombinants and boosting with an HIV envelope subunit protein, oligomeric HIV(SF162) gp140deltaV2. The immunogenicities of replicating and nonreplicating Ad/HIV-1(MN)env/rev recombinants were compared. Replicating Ad/HIV recombinants were better at eliciting HIV-specific cellular immune responses and better at priming humoral immunity against HIV than nonreplicating Ad-HIV recombinants carrying the same gene insert. Enhanced cellular immunity was manifested by a greater frequency of HIV envelope-specific gamma interferon-secreting peripheral blood lymphocytes and better priming of T-cell proliferative responses. Enhanced humoral immunity was seen in higher anti-envelope binding and neutralizing antibody titers and better induction of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. More animals primed with replicating Ad recombinants mounted neutralizing antibodies against heterologous R5 viruses after one or two booster immunizations with the mismatched oligomeric HIV-1(SF162) gp140deltaV2 protein. These results support continued development of the replicating Ad-HIV recombinant vaccine approach and suggest that the use of replicating vectors for other vaccines may prove fruitful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Vaccine Branch, NIH, NCI, 41 Medlars Dr., Bldg. 41, Bethesda, MD 20892-5065, USA
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47
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Santosuosso M, McCormick S, Xing Z. Adenoviral Vectors for Mucosal Vaccination Against Infectious Diseases. Viral Immunol 2005; 18:283-91. [PMID: 16035940 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2005.18.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral vector has been extensively studied as a vaccine platform because of its ability to induce potent cellular and humoral immunity. One main advantage of adenoviral vectors is their natural tropism for mucosal surfaces, which makes them ideal for the purpose of mucosal vaccination against pathogens that preferentially initiate infection at the mucosal site. The current understanding of mucosal immunity suggests that mucosal vaccination is far superior to parenteral vaccination in protecting mucosal surfaces. Mucosal vaccination is particularly relevant to those infections for which parenteral immunization strategies have failed to confer protection. This review examines the use of adenoviral vector at mucosal sites for infectious disease against which the current vaccination strategies have been unsuccessful in eliciting protection. Data from animal models have suggested that adenoviral vectors are effective in protecting against infections caused by HIV, herpes simplex virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We believe that these encouraging results will lead to further evaluation in clinical trials in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Santosuosso
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Centre for Gene Therapeutics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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48
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Gómez-Román VR, Patterson LJ, Venzon D, Liewehr D, Aldrich K, Florese R, Robert-Guroff M. Vaccine-elicited antibodies mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity correlated with significantly reduced acute viremia in rhesus macaques challenged with SIVmac251. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:2185-9. [PMID: 15699150 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.4.2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Effector cells armed with Abs can eliminate virus-infected target cells by Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an immune mechanism that has been largely overlooked in HIV vaccine development. Here, we show that a prime/boost AIDS vaccine approach elicits potent ADCC activity correlating with protection against SIV in rhesus macaques (Macacca mulatta). Priming with replicating adenovirus type 5 host range mutant-SIV recombinants, followed by boosting with SIV gp120, elicited Abs with ADCC activity against SIV(mac251)-infected cells. In vitro ADCC activity correlated with in vivo reduced acute viremia after a mucosal challenge with pathogenic SIV. Our findings expose ADCC activity as an immune correlate that may be relevant in the rational design of an efficacious vaccine against HIV.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
- Antibodies, Viral/physiology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- Cells, Cultured
- Gene Products, env/immunology
- Gene Products, env/metabolism
- Immunization, Secondary
- Immunoglobulin G/physiology
- Kinetics
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology
- Macaca mulatta
- Retrospective Studies
- SAIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage
- SAIDS Vaccines/immunology
- SAIDS Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/therapeutic use
- Viral Load
- Viremia/immunology
- Viremia/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- V Raúl Gómez-Román
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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49
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Malkevitch NV, Robert-Guroff M. A call for replicating vector prime-protein boost strategies in HIV vaccine design. Expert Rev Vaccines 2005; 3:S105-17. [PMID: 15285710 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.3.4.s105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A key challenge to HIV vaccine development is the integration of HIV proviral DNA into the host genome upon infection. Therefore, an optimal vaccine should block infection within hours of viral exposure, providing 'sterilizing immunity' at mucosal sites and in blood via potent, broadly reactive antibody to the HIV envelope glycoprotein. This is difficult due to the envelope's conformational complexity and sequence diversity. Antibodies that do not completely prevent infection nevertheless could reduce the viral infectious burden, allowing strong cellular immunity to control viremia, delay disease progression and prevent viral transmission, while also providing help for T- and B-cell responses. Rapidly responsive, potent, persistent immunity might best be achieved using prime-boost strategies incorporating a replicating vector and an optimally designed envelope subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina V Malkevitch
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 5065, USA.
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50
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Patterson LJ, Malkevitch N, Venzon D, Pinczewski J, Gómez-Román VR, Wang L, Kalyanaraman VS, Markham PD, Robey FA, Robert-Guroff M. Protection against mucosal simian immunodeficiency virus SIV(mac251) challenge by using replicating adenovirus-SIV multigene vaccine priming and subunit boosting. J Virol 2004; 78:2212-21. [PMID: 14963117 PMCID: PMC369221 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.5.2212-2221.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas several recent AIDS vaccine strategies have protected rhesus macaques against a pathogenic simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)(89.6P) challenge, similar approaches have provided only modest, transient reductions in viral burden after challenge with virulent, pathogenic SIV, which is more representative of HIV infection of people. We show here that priming with replicating adenovirus recombinants encoding SIV env/rev, gag, and/or nef genes, followed by boosting with SIV gp120 or an SIV polypeptide mimicking the CD4 binding region of the envelope, protects rhesus macaques from intrarectal infection with the highly pathogenic SIV(mac251). Using trend analysis, significant reductions in acute-phase and set point viremia were correlated with anti-gp120 antibody and cellular immune responses, respectively. Within immunization groups exhibiting significant protection, a subset (39%) of macaques have exhibited either no viremia, cleared viremia, or controlled viremia at the threshold of detection, now more than 40 weeks postchallenge. This combination prime-boost strategy, utilizing replication competent adenovirus, is a promising alternative for HIV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jean Patterson
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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