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Yang H, Tian J, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Zhang G. The Application of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV): Vaccine Vectors and Tumor Therapy. Viruses 2024; 16:886. [PMID: 38932177 PMCID: PMC11209082 DOI: 10.3390/v16060886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian pathogen with an unsegmented negative-strand RNA genome that belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family. While primarily pathogenic in birds, NDV presents no threat to human health, rendering it a safe candidate for various biomedical applications. Extensive research has highlighted the potential of NDV as a vector for vaccine development and gene therapy, owing to its transcriptional modularity, low recombination rate, and lack of a DNA phase during replication. Furthermore, NDV exhibits oncolytic capabilities, efficiently eliciting antitumor immune responses, thereby positioning it as a promising therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. This article comprehensively reviews the biological characteristics of NDV, elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying its oncolytic properties, and discusses its applications in the fields of vaccine vector development and tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Y.); (J.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaxin Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Y.); (J.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Y.); (J.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Y.); (J.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Y.); (J.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Rossmeisl JH, King JN, Robertson JL, Weger-Lucarelli J, Elankumaran S. Phase I/II Trial of Urokinase Plasminogen Activator-Targeted Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus for Canine Intracranial Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:564. [PMID: 38339315 PMCID: PMC10854777 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurotropic oncolytic viruses are appealing agents to treat brain tumors as they penetrate the blood-brain barrier and induce preferential cytolysis of neoplastic cells. The pathobiological similarities between human and canine brain tumors make immunocompetent dogs with naturally occurring tumors attractive models for the study of oncolytic virotherapies. In this dose-escalation/expansion study, an engineered Lasota NDV strain targeting the urokinase plasminogen activator system (rLAS-uPA) was administered by repetitive intravenous infusions to 20 dogs with intracranial tumors with the objectives of characterizing toxicities, immunologic responses, and neuroradiological anti-tumor effects of the virus for up to 6 months following treatment. Dose-limiting toxicities manifested as fever, hematologic, and neurological adverse events, and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of rLAS-uPA was 2 × 107 pfu/mL. Mild adverse events, including transient infusion reactions, diarrhea, and fever were observed in 16/18 of dogs treated at or below MTD. No infectious virus was recoverable from body fluids. Neutralizing antibodies to rLAS-uPA were present in all dogs by 2 weeks post-treatment, and viral genetic material was detected in post-treatment tumors from six dogs. Tumor volumetric reductions occurred in 2/11 dogs receiving the MTD. Systemically administered rLAS-uPA NDV was safe and induced anti-tumor effects in canine brain tumors, although modifications to evade host anti-viral immunity are needed to optimize this novel therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H. Rossmeisl
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.N.K.); (J.L.R.)
| | - Jamie N. King
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.N.K.); (J.L.R.)
| | - John L. Robertson
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.N.K.); (J.L.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.W.-L.)
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.W.-L.)
| | - Subbiah Elankumaran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.W.-L.)
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Dharmayanti NI, Nurjanah D, Nuradji H, Suyatno T, Indriani R. Newcastle disease virus: the past and current situation in Indonesia. J Vet Sci 2024; 25:e3. [PMID: 38311318 PMCID: PMC10839176 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreak was first reported in Java Island, Indonesia, in 1926, which was then reported further in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England. Nevertheless, the NDV is still endemic in Indonesia, with outbreaks occurring in free-range and commercial chicken farms. The dynamic evolution of the NDV has led to the further development of vaccines and diagnostic tools for more effective control of this virus. This paper discusses the history of the NDV occurrence, vaccines, the development of diagnostic tools, and the epidemiological condition of the NDV in Indonesia. Indonesia, which has the largest poultry population in the world after China, has challenges in preventing and controlling this virus that causes economic losses to the farmers and has an impact on the welfare of the poultry farming community in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nlp Indi Dharmayanti
- Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Diana Nurjanah
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
- Master's Programme in Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia.
| | - Harimurti Nuradji
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Suyatno
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Risa Indriani
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
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Nayak BN, Rajagopal K, Shunmugasundaram R, Rao PL, Vaidyanathan S, Subbiah M. Molecular characterization suggests kinetic modulation of expression of accessory viral protein, W, in Newcastle disease virus infected DF1 cells. Virusdisease 2023; 34:236-247. [PMID: 37408548 PMCID: PMC10317930 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-023-00813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses adopt strategies to efficiently utilize their compact genome. Members of the family Paramyxoviridae, exhibit a cotranscriptional RNA editing mechanism wherein polymerase stuttering generates accessory proteins from Phosphoprotein (P) gene. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, expresses two accessory proteins, V and W, by RNA editing. While P and V proteins are well studied, very little is known about W protein. Recent studies confirmed W protein expression in NDV and the unique subcellular localization of W proteins of virulent and avirulent NDV. We characterized the W protein of NDV strain Komarov, a moderately virulent vaccine strain. W mRNA expression ranged between 7 and 9% of total P gene transcripts similar to virulent NDV. However, W protein expression, detectable by 6 h, peaked at 24 h and dropped by 48 h post infection in DF1 cells indicating a kinetically regulated expression by the virus. The W protein localized in the nucleus and by mutations, a strong nuclear localization signal was identified in the C-terminal region of W protein. The viral growth kinetics study suggested neither supplementation of W protein nor subcellular localization pattern of the supplemented W protein influenced viral replication in vitro similar to that noticed in avirulent NDV. A cytoplasmic mutant of W protein localized in cytoplasm unlike specific mitochondrial colocalization as recorded in velogenic NDV strain SG10 indicating a possible role of W protein in determining the viral pathogenicity. This study describes for the first time, the distinct features of W protein of moderately virulent NDV. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-023-00813-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Nagaraj Nayak
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Madhuri Subbiah
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Zeng T, Xie L, Xie Z, Huang J, Xie Z, Huang Q, Luo S, Wang S, Li M, Hua J, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Phylogeny and Pathogenicity of Subtype XIIb NDVs from Francolins in Southwestern China and Effective Protection by an Inactivated Vaccine. Transbound Emerg Dis 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/1317784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Most genotype XII newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) were isolated from poultry, chickens, or geese, with the exception of one subtype, XIIa NDV, which was isolated from a peacock. Here, two subtype XIIb NDVs, francolin/China/GX01/2017 and francolin/China/GX02/2017 (GX01 and GX02 hereafter), were isolated from francolins, which are resident birds in southern China. GX01 and GX02 were characterized as velogenic NDVs. Based on the weaker pathogenicity of these viruses in chickens, the amino acid sequences of seven proteins from genotype XII NDVs were compared, which revealed 17, 40, 15, 7, 32, 25, and 31 variations in the NP, P, M, F, HN, L, and V proteins, respectively, some of which could be responsible for this decreased pathogenicity. Epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses suggest that subtype XIIb NDVs have multiple transmission chains, and that resident birds may be involved in this process as intermediate hosts in which viruses keep evolving. Because of the increased pathogenicity of subtype XIIb NDVs, the protective efficacy of GX01 as an inactivated vaccine was evaluated and compared with that of two commercial inactivated vaccines in chickens. The results showed that the subtype XIIb NDVs could be candidate genotype-matched vaccine strains against genotype XII NDVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiaoling Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Qinghong Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Meng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Hua
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Minxiu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
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Zhang D, Ding Z, Xu X. Pathologic Mechanisms of the Newcastle Disease Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040864. [PMID: 37112843 PMCID: PMC10143668 DOI: 10.3390/v15040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) has been a consistent risk factor to the poultry industry worldwide. Its pathogen, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is also a promising antitumor treatment candidate. The pathogenic mechanism has intrigued the great curiosity of researchers, and advances in the last two decades have been summarized in this paper. The NDV’s pathogenic ability is highly related to the basic protein structure of the virus, which is described in the Introduction of this review. The overall clinical signs and recent findings pertaining to NDV-related lymph tissue damage are then described. Given the involvement of cytokines in the overall virulence of NDV, cytokines, particularly IL6 and IFN expressed during infection, are reviewed. On the other hand, the host also has its way of antagonizing the virus, which starts with the detection of the pathogen. Thus, advances in NDV’s physiological cell mechanism and the subsequent IFN response, autophagy, and apoptosis are summarized to provide a whole picture of the NDV infection process.
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Duan Z, Xing J, Shi H, Wang Y, Zhao C. The matrix protein of Newcastle disease virus inhibits inflammatory response through IRAK4/TRAF6/TAK1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:295-309. [PMID: 35872314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The matrix (M) protein of several cytoplasmic RNA viruses has been reported to be an NF-κB pathway antagonist. However, the function and mechanism of NDV M protein antagonizing NF-κB activation remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that the expression levels of IRAK4, TRAF6, TAK1, and RELA/p65 were obviously reduced late in NDV infection. In addition, the cytoplasmic M protein rather than other viral proteins decreased the expression of these proteins in a dose-dependent manner. Further indepth analysis showed that the N-terminal 180 amino acids of M protein were not only responsible for the reduced expression of these proteins, but also responsible for the inhibition of NF-κB activation and nuclear translocation of RELA/p65, as well as the production of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, small interference RNA-mediated knockdown of IRAK4 or overexpression of IRAK4 markedly enhanced or reduced NDV replication by decreasing or increasing inflammatory cytokines production through the IRAK4/TRAF6/TAK1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Strangely, there were no interactions detected between NDV M protein and IRAK4, TRAF6, TAK1 or RELA/p65. Our findings described here contribute to a better understanding of the innate immune antagonism function of M protein and the molecular mechanism underlying the replication and pathogenesis of NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Jingru Xing
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Haiying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yanbi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Caiqin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Type I and Type II Interferon Antagonism Strategies Used by Paramyxoviridae: Previous and New Discoveries, in Comparison. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051107. [PMID: 35632848 PMCID: PMC9145045 DOI: 10.3390/v14051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Paramyxoviridae is a viral family within the order of Mononegavirales; they are negative single-strand RNA viruses that can cause significant diseases in both humans and animals. In order to replicate, paramyxoviruses–as any other viruses–have to bypass an important protective mechanism developed by the host’s cells: the defensive line driven by interferon. Once the viruses are recognized, the cells start the production of type I and type III interferons, which leads to the activation of hundreds of genes, many of which encode proteins with the specific function to reduce viral replication. Type II interferon is produced by active immune cells through a different signaling pathway, and activates a diverse range of genes with the same objective to block viral replication. As a result of this selective pressure, viruses have evolved different strategies to avoid the defensive function of interferons. The strategies employed by the different viral species to fight the interferon system include a number of sophisticated mechanisms. Here we analyzed the current status of the various strategies used by paramyxoviruses to subvert type I, II, and III interferon responses.
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In Silico Analysis of Plant Flavonoids as Potential Inhibitors of Newcastle Disease Virus V Protein. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10050935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease is a viral infection causing serious economic losses to the global poultry industry. The V protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a pathogenicity determinant having various functions such as the suppression of apoptosis and replication of the NDV. This study was designed to assess the resistance potential of plant flavonoids against the V protein of Newcastle disease virus. Sequence analysis was performed using EXPASY and ProtParam tools. To build the three-dimensional structure of V protein, a homology-modeling method was used. Plant flavonoids with formerly reported therapeutic benefits were collected from different databases to build a library for virtual screening. Docking analysis was performed using the modeled structure of V protein on MOE software. Interaction analysis was also performed by MOE to explain the results of docking. Sequence analysis and physicochemical properties showed that V protein is negatively charged, acidic in nature, and relatively unstable. The 3D structure of the V protein showed eight β-pleated sheets, three helices, and ten coiled regions. Based on docking score, ten flavonoids were selected as potential inhibitors of V protein. Furthermore, a common configuration was obtained among these ten flavonoids. The interaction analysis also identified the atoms involved in every interaction of flavonoid and V protein. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation confirmed the stability of two compounds, quercetin-7-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-galactopyranoside] and luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside, at 100 ns with V protein. The identified compounds through molecular docking and MD simulation could have potential as NDV-V protein inhibitor after further validation. This study could be useful for the designing of anti-NDV drugs.
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de Graaf J, van Nieuwkoop S, de Meulder D, Lexmond P, Kuiken T, Groeneveld D, Fouchier R, van den Hoogen B. Assessment of the virulence for chickens of Newcastle Disease virus with an engineered multi-basic cleavage site in the fusion protein and disrupted V protein gene. Vet Microbiol 2022; 269:109437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Development of Plant-Based Vaccines for Prevention of Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease in Poultry. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030478. [PMID: 35335110 PMCID: PMC8952014 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases, including avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND), are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry, resulting in significant economic losses. Despite the availability of commercial vaccines for the major viral diseases of poultry, these diseases continue to pose a significant risk to global food security. There are multiple factors for this: vaccine costs may be prohibitive, cold chain storage for attenuated live-virus vaccines may not be achievable, and commercial vaccines may protect poorly against local emerging strains. The development of transient gene expression systems in plants provides a versatile and robust tool to generate a high yield of recombinant proteins with superior speed while managing to achieve cost-efficient production. Plant-derived vaccines offer good stability and safety these include both subunit and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines. VLPs offer potential benefits compared to currently available traditional vaccines, including significant reductions in virus shedding and the ability to differentiate between infected and vaccinated birds (DIVA). This review discusses the current state of plant-based vaccines for prevention of the AI and ND in poultry, challenges in their development, and potential for expanding their use in low- and middle-income countries.
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Optimizing environmental safety and cell-killing potential of oncolytic Newcastle Disease virus with modifications of the V, F and HN genes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263707. [PMID: 35139115 PMCID: PMC8827430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) is an avian RNA virus, which was shown to be effective and safe for use in oncolytic viral therapy for several tumour malignancies. The presence of a multi basic cleavage site (MBCS) in the fusion protein improved its oncolytic efficacy in vitro and in vivo. However, NDV with a MBCS can be virulent in poultry. We aimed to develop an NDV with a MBCS but with reduced virulence for poultry while remaining effective in killing human tumour cells. To this end, the open reading frame of the V protein, an avian specific type I interferon antagonist, was disrupted by introducing multiple mutations. NDV with a mutated V gene was attenuated in avian cells and chicken and duck eggs. Although this virus still killed tumour cells, the efficacy was reduced compared to the virulent NDV. Introduction of various mutations in the fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) genes slightly improved this efficacy. Taken together, these data demonstrated that NDV with a MBCS but with abrogation of the V protein ORF and mutations in the F and HN genes can be safe for evaluation in oncolytic viral therapy.
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Wang C, Wang T, Duan L, Chen H, Hu R, Wang X, Jia Y, Chu Z, Liu H, Wang X, Zhang S, Xiao S, Wang J, Dang R, Yang Z. Evasion of Host Antiviral Innate Immunity by Paramyxovirus Accessory Proteins. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:790191. [PMID: 35173691 PMCID: PMC8841848 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.790191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For efficient replication, viruses have developed multiple strategies to evade host antiviral innate immunity. Paramyxoviruses are a large family of enveloped RNA viruses that comprises diverse human and animal pathogens which jeopardize global public health and the economy. The accessory proteins expressed from the P gene by RNA editing or overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) are major viral immune evasion factors antagonizing type I interferon (IFN-I) production and other antiviral innate immune responses. However, the antagonistic mechanisms against antiviral innate immunity by accessory proteins differ among viruses. Here, we summarize the current understandings of immune evasion mechanisms by paramyxovirus accessory proteins, specifically how accessory proteins directly or indirectly target the adaptors in the antiviral innate immune signaling pathway to facilitate virus replication. Additionally, some cellular responses, which are also involved in viral replication, will be briefly summarized.
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Nath B, Morla S, Kumar S. Reverse Genetics and Its Usage in the Development of Vaccine Against Poultry Diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2411:77-92. [PMID: 34816399 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1888-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are the most effective and economic way of combating poultry viruses. However, the use of traditional live-attenuated poultry vaccines has problems such as antigenic differences with the currently circulating strains of viruses and the risk of reversion to virulence. In veterinary medicine, reverse genetics is applied to solve these problems by developing genotype-matched vaccines, better attenuated and effective live vaccines, broad-spectrum vaccine vectors, bivalent vaccines, and genetically tagged recombinant vaccines that facilitate the serological differentiation of vaccinated animals from infected animals. In this chapter, we discuss reverse genetics as a tool for the development of recombinant vaccines against economically devastating poultry viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnali Nath
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sudhir Morla
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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15
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Liu H, Tian J, Lu K, Guan Z, Li Y, Cao X, Li X, Chang Z, Wang X, Sa X, Yang Z. Chicken ISG12(2) attenuates Newcastle disease virus and enhances the efficiency of Newcastle disease vaccine via activating immune pathways. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:2634-2648. [PMID: 34904395 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Low virulence and strong immunogenicity are quite important for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) producing Newcastle disease (ND) living-attenuated vaccine. However, immunogenicity of NDV positively correlates to its virulence. Usually, the velogenic NDV induces stronger immune responses of poultry than the lentogenic strain, but virulent NDV poses a risk for chicken. In this study, we identified the chicken interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene 12-2 (ISG12(2)) not only attenuated NDV, but also increased immunogenicity of ND vaccine strain. Firstly, we found that NDV infection or IFNs stimulation induced expression of chicken ISG12(2) that reinforced expression of IFNs. Overexpression or knockdown proved that chicken ISG12(2) inhibited NDV replication. Then, recombinant NDV LaSota strains (rLaSota/Fmut/ISG12(2) and rLaSota/ISG12(2)), expressing ISG12(2), were rescued. Pathogenicity tests showed that ISG12(2) expression attenuated NDV. RNA-seq or RT-qPCR demonstrated that, comparing to rLaSota/Fmut and rLaSota, rLaSota/Fmut/ISG12(2) and rLaSota/ISG12(2) induced hosts to produce cytokines enriching in innate and adaptive immune pathways in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we showed that rLaSota/ISG12(2) vaccination improved immune condition of chicken to quickly response NDV infection and then enhance protection. These results suggest that chicken ISG12(2) is a potential novel molecular adjuvant to regulate immune responses, which decrease virulence and increase immunogenicity of NDV. The chicken ISG12(2) may contribute to development of high efficient poultry vaccine. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jianxia Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Kejia Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhao Guan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuhong Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhengwu Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiao Sa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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16
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Hidaka C, Soda K, Ito T, Ito H. Contribution of mutation I142M in fusion protein and Q44R in matrix protein of Newcastle disease virus to virulence in ducks. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 84:121-128. [PMID: 34853197 PMCID: PMC8810335 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although verogenic Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) generally cause subclinical infection in waterfowls such as ducks, NDVs with high virulence in waterfowl have been sporadically reported.
We previously reported that the NDV d5a20b strain, which is obtained by serial passaging of the velogenic 9a5b strain in domestic ducks, showed increased virulence in ducks (Hidaka
et al., 2021). The d5a20b strain had 11 amino acid substitutions in its P/V, M, F, HN, and L proteins as compared to 9a5b. In the present study, we generated a series of
recombinant (r) NDVs with these amino acid substitutions to identify the molecular basis of virulence of NDV in ducks, and evaluated their influences on virulence and in
vitro viral properties. Each of the single amino acid substitutions in either the F protein I142M or the M protein Q44R contributed to the enhancement of intracerebral and
intranasal pathogenicity in domestic ducks. The cell-cell fusion activity of the virus with F I142M was five times higher than that of the parental r9a5b. The virus with M Q44R rapidly
replicated in duck embryo fibroblasts. Additionally, the rM+F+HN strain, which has the same amino acid sequences as d5a20b in M, F, and HN proteins, showed the highest level of virulence and
replication efficiency among the generated recombinant viruses, nearly comparable to rd5a20b. These results suggest that multiple factors are involved in the high growth ability of NDV in
duck cells, leading to increased virulence in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Hidaka
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University
| | - Kosuke Soda
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University.,Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University.,Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University.,Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
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17
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Nan FL, Zhang H, Nan WL, Xie CZ, Ha Z, Chen X, Xu XH, Qian J, Qiu XS, Ge JY, Bu ZG, Zhang Y, Lu HJ, Jin NY. Lentogenic NDV V protein inhibits IFN responses and represses cell apoptosis. Vet Microbiol 2021; 261:109181. [PMID: 34399297 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The V protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been shown to inhibit the secretion of interferon (IFN) during infection, which is responsible for the promotion of NDV pathogenicity. However, the ability of the V protein to suppress host innate immunity is not well understood. In this study, we explored the function of V protein and its relationship with virulence by generating V protein-inserted recombinant (r) NDVs. Using rNDVs as a model, we examined the efficiency of infection, IFN responses, and apoptosis of host cells during infection. We found that viral propagation occurred smoothly when V protein from lentogenic NDV is inserted instead of the V protein from the velogenic strain. The infection of lentogenic V protein-inserted rNDV induced less expression of IFNs and downstream antiviral proteins via efficient degradation of p-STAT1 and MDA5. Moreover, velogenic V protein triggered a higher apoptosis rate during infection thereby restricting the replication of NDV. Conversely, lentogenic V protein inhibits IFN responses efficiently and induces less apoptosis compared to the velogenic strain. Our findings provide a novel understanding of the role of V protein in NDV pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Long Nan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - He Zhang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Wen Long Nan
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China
| | - Chang Zhan Xie
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Zhuo Ha
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd. Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiao Hong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xu Sheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jin Ying Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhi Gao Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Hui Jun Lu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
| | - Ning Yi Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
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18
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Tong L, Chu Z, Gao X, Yang M, Adam FEA, Theodore DWP, Liu H, Wang X, Xiao S, Yang Z. Newcastle disease virus V protein interacts with hnRNP H1 to promote viral replication. Vet Microbiol 2021; 260:109093. [PMID: 34265512 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between host cellular proteins and viral proteins are important for successful infection by viruses. Previous studies from our group have identified various host cellular proteins that can interact with the Newcastle disease virus V protein (Chu et al., 2018a), but their function in NDV replication has not been fully determined. The present study reports that heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (hnRNP H1) can interact with NDV V protein in yeast. The immunofluorescence results showed that hnRNP H1 and V protein could colocalize in the cytoplasm of a chicken embryo fibroblast cell line (DF-1 cells). Co-immunoprecipitation assays further verified the interaction of these two proteins. The effects of overexpression and knockdown of hnRNP H1 on NDV replication were evaluated in DF-1 cells through real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and plaque assays. The regulation of V protein on hnRNP H1 expression was also examined. The results indicated that overexpression of hnRNP H1 facilitated NDV replication, while knockdown of hnRNP H1 decreased NDV replication. It was also shown that V protein could regulate hnRNP H1 expression at the protein level instead of the transcription level. The effect of V protein and hnRNP H1 on the DF-1 cell cycle was also tested and the results revealed that V protein may regulate cell proliferation by controlling the expression of hnRNP H1. Taken together, these results suggest that NDV V protein could promote viral replication by interacting with hnRNP H1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, China
| | - Zhili Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Xiaolong Gao
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, China
| | - Mengqing Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fathalrhman Eisa A Adam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | | | - Haijin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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19
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Wall GV, Wright IM, Barnardo C, Erasmus BJ, van Staden V, Potgieter AC. African horse sickness virus NS4 protein is an important virulence factor and interferes with JAK-STAT signaling during viral infection. Virus Res 2021; 298:198407. [PMID: 33812899 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
African horse sickness virus (AHSV) non-structural protein NS4 is a nucleocytoplasmic protein that is expressed in the heart, lung, and spleen of infected horses, binds dsDNA, and colocalizes with promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of AHSV NS4 in viral replication, virulence and the host immune response. Using a reverse genetics-derived virulent strain of AHSV-5 and NS4 deletion mutants, we showed that knockdown of NS4 expression has no impact in cell culture, but results in virus attenuation in infected horses. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to investigate the transcriptional response in these horses, to see how the lack of NS4 mediates the transition of the virus from virulent to attenuated. The presence of NS4 was shown to result in a 24 hour (h) delay in the transcriptional activation of several immune system processes compared to when the protein was absent. Included in these processes were the RIG-I-like, Toll-like receptor, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, which are key pathways involved in innate immunity and the antiviral response. Thus, it was shown that AHSV NS4 suppresses the host innate immune transcriptional response in the early stages of the infection cycle. We investigated whether AHSV NS4 affects the innate immune response by impacting the JAK-STAT signaling pathway specifically. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) we showed that AHSV NS4 disrupts JAK-STAT signaling by interfering with the phosphorylation and/or translocation of STAT1 and pSTAT1 into the nucleus. Overall, these results showed that AHSV NS4 is a key virulence factor in horses and allows AHSV to overcome host antiviral responses in order to promote viral replication and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle V Wall
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Isabella M Wright
- Deltamune (Pty) Ltd, Moraine House - The Braes, 193 Bryanston Drive, Bryanston, Gauteng, 2191, South Africa
| | - Carin Barnardo
- Deltamune (Pty) Ltd, Moraine House - The Braes, 193 Bryanston Drive, Bryanston, Gauteng, 2191, South Africa
| | - Baltus J Erasmus
- Deltamune (Pty) Ltd, Moraine House - The Braes, 193 Bryanston Drive, Bryanston, Gauteng, 2191, South Africa
| | - Vida van Staden
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - A Christiaan Potgieter
- Deltamune (Pty) Ltd, Moraine House - The Braes, 193 Bryanston Drive, Bryanston, Gauteng, 2191, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Focus Area for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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20
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Ni J, Hu S, Wang X, Liu X, Hu Z, Liu X. Activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway is required for replication of Newcastle disease virus. Arch Virol 2021; 166:921-927. [PMID: 33486628 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Replication of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is regulated by various host mechanisms, but the role of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in regulating NDV replication is an open question. In this study, the relationship between the ERK pathway and NDV replication was investigated. NDV activated the ERK signaling in chicken embryo fibroblasts at the late stage of infection, correlating to expression of viral proteins. Specific blockage of the ERK pathway activation significantly decreased the transcription and translation levels of viral genes as well as virus replication and the cytopathogenic effect caused by NDV. Our results demonstrate that activation of the ERK pathway is required for NDV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, No. 12, East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, No. 12, East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, No. 12, East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zenglei Hu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, No. 12, East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, No. 12, East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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21
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Virulence during Newcastle Disease Viruses Cross Species Adaptation. Viruses 2021; 13:v13010110. [PMID: 33467506 PMCID: PMC7830468 DOI: 10.3390/v13010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis that host adaptation in virulent Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) has been accompanied by virulence modulation is reviewed here. Historical records, experimental data, and phylogenetic analyses from available GenBank sequences suggest that currently circulating NDVs emerged in the 1920-1940's from low virulence viruses by mutation at the fusion protein cleavage site. These viruses later gave rise to multiple virulent genotypes by modulating virulence in opposite directions. Phylogenetic and pathotyping studies demonstrate that older virulent NDVs further evolved into chicken-adapted genotypes by increasing virulence (velogenic-viscerotropic pathotypes with intracerebral pathogenicity indexes [ICPIs] of 1.6 to 2), or into cormorant-adapted NDVs by moderating virulence (velogenic-neurotropic pathotypes with ICPIs of 1.4 to 1.6), or into pigeon-adapted viruses by further attenuating virulence (mesogenic pathotypes with ICPIs of 0.9 to 1.4). Pathogenesis and transmission experiments on adult chickens demonstrate that chicken-adapted velogenic-viscerotropic viruses are more capable of causing disease than older velogenic-neurotropic viruses. Currently circulating velogenic-viscerotropic viruses are also more capable of replicating and of being transmitted in naïve chickens than viruses from cormorants and pigeons. These evolutionary virulence changes are consistent with theories that predict that virulence may evolve in many directions in order to achieve maximum fitness, as determined by genetic and ecologic constraints.
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22
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Hassanin O, Abdallah F, Ali HA, AlGabr N, Mohamed MHA. Different kinetics of chicken interferon-alpha signalling transduction responses following immunization of broiler chickens with different Newcastle disease virus vaccines and infection with virulent genotype VIId strain. Avian Pathol 2020; 50:85-97. [PMID: 33146541 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1841885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a highly contagious and notifiable avian disease leading to grave economic losses in the poultry industry. Although the immune responses against NDV have been widely investigated, little is known regarding the virus interaction with the host innate immune responses. In this study, we tested the effect of different commercially applied Newcastle disease vaccines as well as virulent NDV genotype VIId on the expression pattern of the upstream regulator and downstream effector genes related to chicken interferon-alpha (chIFNα) signalling transduction pathway. Using quantitative real-time PCR analysis, mild transient induction of chIFNα-inducible genes was detected in bird spleen 72 h post-vaccination (hpv) with either live LaSota (respiratory) or VG/GA (enteric) strains. Vaccination with the enteric VG/GA strain led to stimulation of the investigated pathway as early as 24 hpv which continued up to 7 days in bird caecal tonsils. Subcutaneous injection with inactivated LaSota oil adjuvant-based vaccine led to continual stimulation of the investigated pathway up to 7 days post-vaccination (dpv). The recombinant herpesvirus of turkey (rHVT) - NDV vaccine led to remarkable stimulation of all the tested cytokines up to 17 dpv in comparison with LaSota and VG/GA NDV vaccines. Stronger but transient activation of all the tested cytokines was detected in spleens during the first 24 h post-challenge with virulent NDV (vNDV) which reduced gradually and diminished later due to the virus-induced lymphocytic depletion. This study will aid in the discovery of new approaches to control NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Hassanin
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fatma Abdallah
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Haytham A Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif AlGabr
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Mahmoud H A Mohamed
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Jadhav A, Zhao L, Liu W, Ding C, Nair V, Ramos-Onsins SE, Ferretti L. Genomic Diversity and Evolution of Quasispecies in Newcastle Disease Virus Infections. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111305. [PMID: 33202558 PMCID: PMC7698180 DOI: 10.3390/v12111305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infections are well known to harbour quasispecies, due to the error-prone nature of the RNA polymerase. Quasispecies variants in the fusion cleavage site of the virus are known to significantly change its virulence. However, little is known about the genomic patterns of diversity and selection in NDV viral swarms. We analyse deep sequencing data from in vitro and in vivo NDV infections to uncover the genomic patterns of diversity and the signatures of selection within NDV swarms. Variants in viruses from in vitro samples are mostly localised in non-coding regions and 3′ and 5′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs or 5′UTRs), while in vivo samples contain an order of magnitude more variants. We find different patterns of genomic divergence and diversity among NDV genotypes, as well as differences in the genomic distribution of intra-host variants among in vitro and in vivo infections of the same strain. The frequency spectrum shows clear signatures of intra-host purifying selection in vivo on the matrix protein (M) coding gene and positive or diversifying selection on nucleocapsid (NP) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN). The comparison between within-host polymorphisms and phylogenetic divergence reveals complex patterns of selective pressure on the NDV genome at between- and within-host level. The M sequence is strongly constrained both between and within hosts, fusion protein (F) coding gene is under intra-host positive selection, and NP and HN show contrasting patterns: HN RNA sequence is positively selected between hosts while its protein sequence is positively selected within hosts, and NP is under intra-host positive selection at the RNA level and negative selection at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Jadhav
- Viral Oncogenesis Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, UK; (A.J.); (V.N.)
| | - Lele Zhao
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK;
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (W.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (W.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Venugopal Nair
- Viral Oncogenesis Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, UK; (A.J.); (V.N.)
- UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, UK
| | - Sebastian E. Ramos-Onsins
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.E.R.-O.); (L.F.)
| | - Luca Ferretti
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK;
- Correspondence: (S.E.R.-O.); (L.F.)
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24
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Chen X, Jia Y, Ren S, Chen S, Wang X, Gao X, Wang C, Adam FEA, Wang X, Yang Z. Identification of Newcastle disease virus P-gene editing using next-generation sequencing. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1231-1235. [PMID: 32624548 PMCID: PMC7468068 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian paramyxoviruses 1 has the ability to edit its P gene to generate three
amino-coterminal proteins (P, V and W), but its kinetic change is unclear. In this study,
next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to analyze the P-gene editing of Newcastle
disease virus (NDV). Transcriptome analysis of chicken embryonic tissues and bursa of
fabricius showed the P-gene editing frequencies were 45.46–52.70%. To investigate the
rules of P-gene editing along time, the ratio of PVW was determined by PCR based deep
sequencing at multiple time points in cells infected with velogenic and lentogenic strain
respectively. The results confirmed similar editing frequencies with transcriptome data
and the PVW ratios were stable along time among different NDVs, but had a greater V-gene
transcript on velogenic strain infection (P<0.001), which were
different from previous reports. Also, it was shown that the number of inserted G residues
in P-derived transcripts was not limited to +9G, and +10G transcripts were identified.
These results confirmed the NDV P-gene editing frequencies and provided a novel point of
view on NDV P-gene editing with NDV virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Jia
- Department of Animal Engineering, Yangling Vocational & Technical College, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, P.R. China
| | - Shanhui Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, P.R. China
| | - Siqi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, P.R. China
| | - Xiangwei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, P.R. China
| | - Chongyang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, P.R. China
| | - Fathalrhman E A Adam
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, P.O. Box: 155 Nyala, Sudan
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, P.R. China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, P.R. China
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25
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Anjum FR, Anam S, Rahman SU, Ali S, Aslam MA, Rizvi F, Asif M, Abdullah RM, Abaidullah M, Shakir MZ, Goraya MU. Anti-chicken type I IFN countermeasures by major avian RNA viruses. Virus Res 2020; 286:198061. [PMID: 32561378 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chicken type I interferons (type I IFNs) are key antiviral players of the chicken innate immune system and are considered potent antiviral agents against avian viral pathogens. Chicken type I IFNs are divided into three subtypes namely, chIFN-α, chIFN-β, and chIFN-κ. Viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognized by their corresponding specific PRRs (pattern recognition receptors) induce the expression of chicken type I IFNs. Interaction of chicken type I IFNs with their subsequent IFN receptors results in the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, which in turn activates hundreds of chicken interferon-stimulated genes (chISGs). These chISGs establish an antiviral state in neighboring cells and prevent the replication and dissemination of viruses within chicken cells. Chicken type I IFNs activate different pathways that constitute major antiviral innate defense mechanisms in chickens. However, evolutionary mechanisms in viruses have made them resistant to these antiviral players by manipulating host innate immune pathways. This review focuses on the underlying molecular mechanisms employed by avian RNA viruses to counteract chicken type I IFNs and chISGs through different viral proteins. This may help to understand host-pathogen interactions and the development of novel therapeutic strategies to control viral infections in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sidra Anam
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ur Rahman
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Ali
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Farzana Rizvi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Abaidullah
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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26
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Rao PL, Gandham RK, Subbiah M. Molecular evolution and genetic variations of V and W proteins derived by RNA editing in Avian Paramyxoviruses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9532. [PMID: 32533018 PMCID: PMC7293227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly assigned subfamily Avulavirinae in the family Paramyxoviridae includes avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) isolated from a wide variety of avian species across the globe. Till date, 21 species of APMVs are reported and their complete genome sequences are available in GenBank. The APMV genome comprises of a single stranded, negative sense, non-segmented RNA comprising six transcriptional units (except APMV-6 with seven units) each coding for a structural protein. Additionally, by co-transcriptional RNA editing of phosphoprotein (P) gene, two mRNAs coding for accessory viral proteins, V and W, are generated along with unedited P mRNA. However, in APMV-11, the unedited mRNA codes for V protein while +2 edited mRNA translates to P protein, similar to members of subfamily Rubulavirinae in the same family. Such RNA editing in paramyxoviruses enables maximizing the coding capacity of their smaller genome. The three proteins of P gene: P, V and W, share identical N terminal but varied C terminal sequences that contribute to their unique functions. Here, we analyzed the P gene editing site, V and W sequences of all 21 APMV species known so far (55 viruses) by using bioinformatics and report their genetic variations and molecular evolution. The variations observed in the sequence and hexamer phase positions of the P gene editing sites is likely to influence the levels and relative proportions of P, V and W proteins' expressions which could explain the differences in the pathogenicity of APMVs. The V protein sequences of APMVs had conserved motifs similar to V proteins of other paramyxoviruses including the seven cysteine residues involved in MDA5 interference, STAT1 degradation and interferon antagonism. Conversely, W protein sequences of APMVs were distinct. High sequence homology was observed in both V and W proteins between strains of the same species than between species except in APMV-3 which was the most divergent APMV species. The estimates of synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates suggested negative selection pressure on the V and W proteins within species indicating their low evolution rate. The molecular clock analysis revealed higher conservation of V protein sequence compared to W protein indicating the important role played by V protein in viral replication, pathogenesis and immune evasion. However, we speculate the genetic diversity of W proteins could impact the degree of pathogenesis, variable interferon antagonistic activity and the wide host range exhibited by APMV species. Phylogenetically, V proteins of APMVs clustered into three groups similar to the recent classification of APMVs into three new genera while no such pattern could be deciphered in the analysis of W proteins except that strains of same species grouped together. This is the first comprehensive study describing in detail the genetic variations and the molecular evolution of P gene edited, accessory viral proteins of Avian paramyxoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Madhuri Subbiah
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India.
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27
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Bello MB, Yusoff K, Ideris A, Hair-Bejo M, Jibril AH, Peeters BPH, Omar AR. Exploring the Prospects of Engineered Newcastle Disease Virus in Modern Vaccinology. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040451. [PMID: 32316317 PMCID: PMC7232247 DOI: 10.3390/v12040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many traditional vaccines have proven to be incapable of controlling newly emerging infectious diseases. They have also achieved limited success in the fight against a variety of human cancers. Thus, innovative vaccine strategies are highly needed to overcome the global burden of these diseases. Advances in molecular biology and reverse genetics have completely restructured the concept of vaccinology, leading to the emergence of state-of-the-art technologies for vaccine design, development and delivery. Among these modern vaccine technologies are the recombinant viral vectored vaccines, which are known for their incredible specificity in antigen delivery as well as the induction of robust immune responses in the vaccinated hosts. Although a number of viruses have been used as vaccine vectors, genetically engineered Newcastle disease virus (NDV) possesses some useful attributes that make it a preferable candidate for vectoring vaccine antigens. Here, we review the molecular biology of NDV and discuss the reverse genetics approaches used to engineer the virus into an efficient vaccine vector. We then discuss the prospects of the engineered virus as an efficient vehicle of vaccines against cancer and several infectious diseases of man and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bashir Bello
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria;
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ideris
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hair-Bejo
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Abdurrahman Hassan Jibril
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria;
| | - Ben P. H. Peeters
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, POB 65, NL8200 Lelystad, The Netherlands;
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+603-89472111
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28
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Yang X, Arslan M, Liu X, Song H, Du M, Li Y, Zhang Z. IFN-γ establishes interferon-stimulated gene-mediated antiviral state against Newcastle disease virus in chicken fibroblasts. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:268-280. [PMID: 32047904 PMCID: PMC7109688 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes severe economic losses through severe morbidity and mortality and poses a significant threat to the global poultry industry. Significant efforts have been made to develop novel vaccines and therapeutics; however, the interaction of NDV with the host is not yet fully understood. Interferons (IFNs), an integral component of innate immune signaling, act as the first line of defense against invading viruses. Compared with the mammalian repertoire of IFNs, limited information is available on the antiviral potential of IFNs in chickens. Here, we expressed chicken IFN-γ (chIFN-γ) using a baculovirus expression vector system, characterized its antiviral potential against NDV, and determined its antiviral potential. Priming of chicken embryo fibroblasts with chIFN-γ elicited an antiviral environment in primary cells, which was mainly due to interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). A genome-wide transcriptomics approach was used to elucidate the possible signaling pathways associated with IFN-γ-induced immune responses. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data revealed significant induction of ISG-associated pathways, activated temporal expression of ISGs, antiviral mediators, and transcriptional regulators in a cascade of antiviral responses. Collectively, we found that IFN-γ significantly elicited an antiviral response against NDV infection. These data provide a foundation for chIFN-γ-mediated antiviral responses and underpin functional annotation of these important chIFN-γ-induced antiviral influencers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mehboob Arslan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingjian Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haozhi Song
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mengtan Du
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yinü Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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29
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Kitagawa Y, Yamaguchi M, Kohno M, Sakai M, Itoh M, Gotoh B. Respirovirus C protein inhibits activation of type I interferon receptor-associated kinases to block JAK-STAT signaling. FEBS Lett 2019; 594:864-877. [PMID: 31705658 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Respirovirus C protein blocks the type I interferon (IFN)-stimulated activation of the JAK-STAT pathway. It has been reported that C protein inhibits IFN-α-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of STATs, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we show that the C protein of Sendai virus (SeV), a member of the Respirovirus genus, binds to the IFN receptor subunit IFN-α/β receptor subunit (IFNAR)2 and inhibits IFN-α-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the upstream receptor-associated kinases, JAK1 and TYK2. Analysis of various SeV C mutant (Cm) proteins demonstrates the importance of the inhibitory effect on receptor-associated kinase phosphorylation for blockade of JAK-STAT signaling. Furthermore, this inhibitory effect and the IFNAR2 binding capacity are observed for all the respirovirus C proteins examined. Our results suggest that respirovirus C protein inhibits activation of the receptor-associated kinases JAK1 and TYK2 possibly through interaction with IFNAR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Kitagawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Mayu Yamaguchi
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Miki Kohno
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Japan
| | - Madoka Sakai
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Japan
| | - Masae Itoh
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Japan
| | - Bin Gotoh
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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30
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Yang Y, Bu Y, Zhao J, Xue J, Xu G, Song Y, Zhao Y, Yang H, Zhang G. Appropriate amount of W protein of avian avulavirus 1 benefits viral replication and W shows strain-dependent subcellular localization. Virology 2019; 538:71-85. [PMID: 31580973 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to confirm the existence of W protein in Avian avulavirus 1 (AAvV-1) infected cells, two monoclonal antibodies were prepared. The presence of W protein in cells infected with lentogenic genotype II strain La Sota or velogenic genotype VII strain SG10 was confirmed with immunofluorescence and western blotting assays. WSG10 localized to the cytoplasm, whereas WLa Sota localized to the nucleus. The influence of W protein was investigated in vitro and in vivo with two AAvV-1 strains defective in the W C-terminus. The growth kinetic curves and pathogenicity tests in 3-week-old SPF chickens both showed that the replication abilities of strains with C-terminally deleted W proteins were lower than that of the parental strain. Restoring the appropriate dose of W protein increased the viral titers of these strains. The expression validation and functional exploration of W protein will facilitate our understanding of pathogenic mechanism of AAvV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yawen Bu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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31
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Schlub TE, Buchmann JP, Holmes EC. A Simple Method to Detect Candidate Overlapping Genes in Viruses Using Single Genome Sequences. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 35:2572-2581. [PMID: 30099499 PMCID: PMC6188560 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overlapping genes in viruses maximize the coding capacity of their genomes and allow the generation of new genes without major increases in genome size. Despite their importance, the evolution and function of overlapping genes are often not well understood, in part due to difficulties in their detection. In addition, most bioinformatic approaches for the detection of overlapping genes require the comparison of multiple genome sequences that may not be available in metagenomic surveys of virus biodiversity. We introduce a simple new method for identifying candidate functional overlapping genes using single virus genome sequences. Our method uses randomization tests to estimate the expected length of open reading frames and then identifies overlapping open reading frames that significantly exceed this length and are thus predicted to be functional. We applied this method to 2548 reference RNA virus genomes and find that it has both high sensitivity and low false discovery for genes that overlap by at least 50 nucleotides. Notably, this analysis provided evidence for 29 previously undiscovered functional overlapping genes, some of which are coded in the antisense direction suggesting there are limitations in our current understanding of RNA virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E Schlub
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jan P Buchmann
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Edward C Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW , Australia
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32
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Song Y, Pei Y, Yang YL, Xue J, Zhang GZ. The Ntail region of nucleocapsid protein is associated with the pathogenicity of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 in chickens. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:950-957. [PMID: 31050626 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleoprotein (NP) of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) and other paramyxoviruses plays an important role in virus proliferation. A previous study found that NP is associated with the low pathogenicity of PPMV-1 strains in chickens. Here, we investigated which domain of NP is responsible for regulating the pathogenicity of PPMV-1. We found that the Ntail sequences were more diverse for different viral genotypes compared to Ncore sequences. The chimeric rBJ-SG10Ntail strain caused more severe clinical symptoms than the parental rBJ strain, increased the viral copy number in sampled tissues and induced higher IFN-γ gene expression. This demonstrated that the Ntail sequence plays a role in regulating viral virulence. These findings increase our understanding of the Ntail of NP protein and the virulence factors associated with PPMV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- 1 Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yu Pei
- 1 Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Yang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jia Xue
- 1 Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Guo-Zhong Zhang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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33
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Hussein EA, Hair-Bejo M, Omar AR, Arshad SS, Hani H, Balakrishnan KN, Yakubu Y, Saeed MI, Aini I. Velogenic newcastle disease virus tissue tropism and pathogenesis of infection in chickens by application of in situ PCR, immunoperoxase staining and HE staining. Microb Pathog 2019; 129:213-223. [PMID: 30771470 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Limited deep studies are available in the field of early stages of pathogenesis of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection and tissue tropism of NDV. In this study, 24 specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens of white leghorn breed were infected with Newcastle disease (ND) by intranasal administration of 10⁵ 50% EID50/0.1 mL of velogenic NDV (vNDV). A second group of 15 chickens were kept as a control group. Chickens were monitored every day to record clinical signs. Infected chickens were euthanized by cervical dislocation at successive times, namely at hours (hrs) 2, 4, 6, 12, days 1, 2, 4, and 6 post-inoculation (pi). Whereas, control group chickens were euthanized on days 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 pi. Tissues of brain, trachea, lung, caecal tonsil, liver, kidney, spleen, heart, proventriculus, intestine, and thymus were collected, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned. HS staining, immunoperoxidase staining (IPS) and in situ PCR were applied. It was concluded that at hr 2 pi, virus seemed to be inclined to trachea and respiratory tract. Meanwhile, it attacked caecal tonsils, intestine and bursa of Fabricus. While primary viraemia was ongoing, virus created footing in kidney and thymus. At hr 4 pi, proventriculus, liver, and spleen were attacked. However, at hr 6 pi, brain and heart were involved. Secondary viraemia probably started as early as hr 12 pi since all collected tissues were positive. Tissue tropism was determined in trachea, caecal tonsil, liver, bursa of Fabricius, intestine, proventriculus, lung, spleen, thymus, kidney, heart, and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elawad A Hussein
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - M Hair-Bejo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul R Omar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti S Arshad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Homayoun Hani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Krishnan N Balakrishnan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yusuf Yakubu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Ibrahim Saeed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ideris Aini
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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34
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Karsunke J, Heiden S, Murr M, Karger A, Franzke K, Mettenleiter TC, Römer-Oberdörfer A. W protein expression by Newcastle disease virus. Virus Res 2019; 263:207-216. [PMID: 30769123 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Differential editing of transcripts from the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) phosphoprotein gene results in mRNAs capable of encoding the phosphoprotein (P), the V protein, and the W protein which share a common N-terminus but specify different C-termini. Whereas the expression and viral incorporation of the P - and V proteins by NDV has been documented, evidence for the existence of a W protein was lacking. To analyze expression of the NDV W protein, two peptides encompassing predicted antigenic sites of the unique C-terminal W protein amino acid sequence of NDV Clone 30 were used for the generation of W-specific rabbit antisera. One of them detected plasmid-expressed W protein and identified W protein after infection by indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses. W protein was absent in cells infected by a newly generated recombinant NDV lacking W protein expression. Furthermore, Western blot and mass spectrometric analyses indicated the incorporation of W protein into viral particles. Confocal microscopic analyses of infected cells revealed nuclear accumulation of W protein that could be attributed to a bipartite nuclear localization sequence (NLS) within its unique C-terminal part. Redistribution of the W protein to the cytoplasm within transfected cells confirmed functionality of the NLS after mutation of its two basic clusters. This finding was additionally corroborated in cells infected with a recombinant virus expressing the mutated W protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Karsunke
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sandra Heiden
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Magdalena Murr
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Axel Karger
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Kati Franzke
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas C Mettenleiter
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Angela Römer-Oberdörfer
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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Wang X, Dang R, Yang Z. The interferon antagonistic activities of the V proteins of NDV correlated with their virulence. Virus Genes 2019; 55:233-237. [PMID: 30706195 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Protein V of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) serves as interferon (IFN) antagonist, and NDV stains with different pathogenicity show different abilities in inhibition IFN expression. To further reveal the relationship between viral virulence and their IFN-antagonistic activity derived from protein V, six NDV strains with three different pathotypes were used in this study and their V gene were cloned into eukaryotic expression vector. The V gene derived from different NDV strains were expressed in same level in cells after transfection according to the results from Western blotting. And these proteins showed different interferon-antagonistic activities based on interferon expression using Luciferase Reporter Assay and ELISA. The expression of IFN and viral virulence index, mean death time, have a good linear relationship indicating a good correlation between viral virulence and IFN antagonism of their V Protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruiyi Dang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Wang W, Cheng X, Buske PJ, Suzich JA, Jin H. Attenuate Newcastle disease virus by codon modification of the glycoproteins and phosphoprotein genes. Virology 2019; 528:144-151. [PMID: 30616204 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A codon modification strategy was used to attenuate the avian pathogenicity of an oncolytic mesogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) by targeting the three major virulence factors: the fusion (F) protein, hemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN) and phosphoprotein (P). Recoding the F and HN genes with rare codons greatly reduced expression of both F and HN proteins and resulted in their low incorporation into virions. The F and HN recoded virus was partially attenuated in chickens even when the F protein cleavage site was modified. Full attenuation was achieved when the 5' portion of the P gene was recoded. The recoded P, F and HN triple gene mutant exhibited delayed cell death in human cancer cells with prolonged expression of a GFP transgene. While this engineered attenuated NDV strain has lower oncolytic potency, its capacity for prolonged transgene expression may allow its use as a vaccine or gene delivery vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Wang
- MedImmune LLC, 121 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xing Cheng
- MedImmune LLC, 121 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Buske
- MedImmune LLC, 121 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Hong Jin
- MedImmune LLC, 121 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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A Novel Chimeric Oncolytic Virus Vector for Improved Safety and Efficacy as a Platform for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01386-18. [PMID: 30232179 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01386-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses represent an exciting new aspect of the evolving field of cancer immunotherapy. We have engineered a novel hybrid vector comprising vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), named recombinant VSV-NDV (rVSV-NDV), wherein the VSV backbone is conserved but its glycoprotein has been replaced by the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and the modified, hyperfusogenic fusion (F) envelope proteins of recombinant NDV. In comparison to wild-type VSV, which kills cells through a classical cytopathic effect, the recombinant virus is able to induce tumor-specific syncytium formation, allowing efficient cell-to-cell spread of the virus and a rapid onset of immunogenic cell death. Furthermore, the glycoprotein exchange substantially abrogates the off-target effects in brain and liver tissue associated with wild-type VSV, resulting in a markedly enhanced safety profile, even in immune-deficient NOD.CB17-prkdcscid/NCrCrl (NOD-SCID) mice, which are highly susceptible to wild-type VSV. Although NDV causes severe pathogenicity in its natural avian hosts, the incorporation of the envelope proteins in the chimeric rVSV-NDV vector is avirulent in embryonated chicken eggs. Finally, systemic administration of rVSV-NDV in orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-bearing immune-competent mice resulted in significant survival prolongation. This strategy, therefore, combines the beneficial properties of the rapidly replicating VSV platform with the highly efficient spread and immunogenic cell death of a fusogenic virus without risking the safety and environmental threats associated with either parental vector. Taking the data together, rVSV-NDV represents an attractive vector platform for clinical translation as a safe and effective oncolytic virus.IMPORTANCE The therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic viral therapy often comes as a tradeoff with safety, such that potent vectors are often associated with toxicity, while safer viruses tend to have attenuated therapeutic effects. Despite promising preclinical data, the development of VSV as a clinical agent has been substantially hampered by the fact that severe neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity have been observed in rodents and nonhuman primates in response to treatment with wild-type VSV. Although NDV has been shown to have an attractive safety profile in humans and to have promising oncolytic effects, its further development has been severely restricted due to the environmental risks that it poses. The hybrid rVSV-NDV vector, therefore, represents an extremely promising vector platform in that it has been rationally designed to be safe, with respect to both the recipient and the environment, while being simultaneously effective, both through its direct oncolytic actions and through induction of immunogenic cell death.
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Phosphoprotein Contributes to the Thermostability of Newcastle Disease Virus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8917476. [PMID: 30519589 PMCID: PMC6241354 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8917476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is highly contagious and represents a major threat to the poultry industry. The thermostable vaccines are not insensitive to heat and ease of storage and transportation, but the mechanism of NDV thermostability remains unknown. The phosphoprotein (P), fusion protein (F), hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (HN), and large polymerase protein (L) are associated with NDV virulence. The association between F, HN, or L and viral thermostability has been, respectively, studied in different reports. However, the effects of P on NDV thermostability have not been demonstrated. Here, we utilized an existing reverse genetics system in our laboratory, to generate chimeric viruses by exchanging the P protein between the thermostable NDV4-C strain and the thermolabile LaSota strain. Chimeric viruses were found to possess similar growth properties, passage stability, and virulence, as compared to those of these parental strains. Interestingly, the thermostability of the chimera with P derived from the thermolabile LaSota strain was reduced compared to that of the parental virus, and P of the thermostable NDV4-C strain enhanced chimeric virus thermostability. Our data demonstrate that P is an important factor for the thermostability of NDV and provides information regarding the molecular mechanism of NDV thermostability; moreover, these results suggest a theoretical basis for using the NDV4-C strain as a thermostable vaccine.
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Sid H, Schusser B. Applications of Gene Editing in Chickens: A New Era Is on the Horizon. Front Genet 2018; 9:456. [PMID: 30356667 PMCID: PMC6189320 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The chicken represents a valuable model for research in the area of immunology, infectious diseases as well as developmental biology. Although it was the first livestock species to have its genome sequenced, there was no reverse genetic technology available to help understanding specific gene functions. Recently, homologous recombination was used to knockout the chicken immunoglobulin genes. Subsequent studies using immunoglobulin knockout birds helped to understand different aspects related to B cell development and antibody production. Furthermore, the latest advances in the field of genome editing including the CRISPR/Cas9 system allowed the introduction of site specific gene modifications in various animal species. Thus, it may provide a powerful tool for the generation of genetically modified chickens carrying resistance for certain pathogens. This was previously demonstrated by targeting the Trp38 region which was shown to be effective in the control of avian leukosis virus in chicken DF-1 cells. Herein we review the current and future prospects of gene editing and how it possibly contributes to the development of resistant chickens against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Schusser
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
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Wang C, Chu Z, Liu W, Pang Y, Gao X, Tang Q, Ma J, Lu K, Adam FEA, Dang R, Xiao S, Wang X, Yang Z. Newcastle disease virus V protein inhibits apoptosis in DF-1 cells by downregulating TXNL1. Vet Res 2018; 49:102. [PMID: 30290847 PMCID: PMC6389150 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many viral proteins are related to suppressing apoptosis in target cells and are hence beneficial to viral replication. The V protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one such protein that plays an important role in inhibiting apoptosis in a species-specific manner. However, to date, there have been no reports clarifying the antiapoptotic mechanisms of the V protein. The present study was undertaken to determine the apoptotic potential of the V protein in a chicken embryo fibroblast cell line (DF-1 cell) and to elucidate its molecular mechanisms of action. Here, a yeast two-hybrid system was used to screen the host proteins that interact with the V protein and identified thioredoxin-like protein 1 (TXNL1) as a potential binding partner. Immuno-colocalization of V protein and TXNL1 protein in DF-1 cells further verified the interaction of the two proteins. Through the overexpression of TXNL1 protein and knockdown of TXNL1 protein in DF-1 cells, the effects of NDV replication and cell apoptosis were examined. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) and Western blotting. NDV expression was detected by Q-PCR and plaque assay. The results revealed that the TXNL1 protein induced apoptosis and inhibited NDV replication in DF-1 cells. Furthermore, the Western blot and Q-PCR results suggested that TXNL1 induced cell apoptosis through a pathway involving Bcl-2\Bax and Caspase-3. Finally, this work provides insight into the mechanism by which the V protein inhibits apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Zhili Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Wenkai Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yu Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaolong Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Qiuxia Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Jiangang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Kejia Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Fathalrhman E. A. Adam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, P.O Box: 155, Nyala, Sudan
| | - Ruyi Dang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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Newcastle Disease Virus V Protein Promotes Viral Replication in HeLa Cells through the Activation of MEK/ERK Signaling. Viruses 2018; 10:v10090489. [PMID: 30213106 PMCID: PMC6163439 DOI: 10.3390/v10090489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can infect a wide range of domestic and wild bird species. The non-structural V protein of NDV plays an important role in antagonizing innate host defenses to facilitate viral replication. However, there is a lack of knowledge related to the mechanisms through which the V protein regulates viral replication. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway in the host is involved in a variety of functions and is activated by several stimuli, including viral replication. In this study, we show that both the lentogenic strain, La Sota, and the velogenic strain, F48E9, of NDV activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/ERK signaling pathway. The pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation using the highly selective inhibitors U0126 and SCH772984 resulted in the reduced levels of NDV RNA in cells and virus titers in the cell supernatant, which established an important role for the MEK/ERK signaling pathway in NDV replication. Moreover, the overexpression of the V protein in HeLa cells increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and induced the transcriptional changes in the genes downstream of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the V protein is involved in the ERK signaling pathway-mediated promotion of NDV replication and thus, can be investigated as a potential antiviral target.
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Chu Z, Wang C, Tang Q, Shi X, Gao X, Ma J, Lu K, Han Q, Jia Y, Wang X, Adam FEA, Liu H, Xiao S, Wang X, Yang Z. Newcastle Disease Virus V Protein Inhibits Cell Apoptosis and Promotes Viral Replication by Targeting CacyBP/SIP. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:304. [PMID: 30234028 PMCID: PMC6130229 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been classified by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) as a notable disease-causing virus, and this virus has the ability to infect a wide range of birds. V protein is a non-structural protein of NDV. V protein has been reported to inhibit cell apoptosis (Park et al., 2003a) and promote viral replication (Huang et al., 2003), however, the mechanisms of action of V protein have not been elucidated. In the present study, a yeast two-hybrid screen was performed, and V protein was found to interact with the CacyBP/SIP protein. The results of co-immunoprecipitation and immuno-colocalization assays confirmed the interaction between V protein and CacyBP/SIP. The results of quantitative-PCR and viral plaque assays showed that overexpression of CacyBP/SIP inhibited viral replication in DF-1 cells. Overexpression of CacyBP/SIP in DF-1 cells induced caspase3-dependent apoptosis. The effect of knocking down CacyBP/SIP by siRNA was the opposite of that observed upon overexpression. Moreover, it is known that NDV induces cell apoptosis via multiple caspase-dependent pathways. Furthermore, V protein inhibited cell apoptosis and downregulated CacyBP/SIP expression in DF-1 cells. Taken together, the findings of the current study indicate that V protein interacts with CacyBP/SIP, thereby regulating cell apoptosis and viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Chu
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Caiying Wang
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qiuxia Tang
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaolong Gao
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiangang Ma
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kejia Lu
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qingsong Han
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanqing Jia
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiangwei Wang
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fathalrhman Eisa Addoma Adam
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Nyala, Sudan
| | - Haijin Liu
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Li J, Meng C, Ren T, Wang W, Zhang Y, Yuan W, Xu S, Sun Y, Tan L, Song C, Liao Y, Nair V, Munir M, Ding Z, Liu X, Qiu X, Ding C. Production, characterization, and epitope mapping of a monoclonal antibody against genotype VII Newcastle disease virus V protein. J Virol Methods 2018; 260:88-97. [PMID: 30026051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) V protein is crucial for viral interferon (IFN) antagonism and virulence, determining its host range restriction. However, little information is available on the B cell epitopes of V protein and the subcellular movement of V protein in the process of NDV infection. In this study, the monoclonal antibody (mAb) clone 3D7 against genotype VII NDV V protein was generated by immunizing mice with a purified recombinant His-tagged carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) region of V protein. Fine epitope mapping analysis and B-cell epitope prediction indicated that mAb 3D7 recognized a linear epitope 152RGPAELWK159, which is located in the V protein CTD region. Sequence alignment showed that the mAb clone 3D7-recognized epitope is highly conserved among Class II genotype VII NDV strains, but not among other genotypes, suggesting it could serve as a genetic marker to differentiate NDV genotypes. Furthermore, the movement of V protein during NDV replication in infected cells were determined by using this mAb. It was found that V protein localized around the nucleus during virus replication. The establishment of V protein-specific mAb and identification of its epitope extend our understanding of the antigenic characteristics of V protein and provide a basis for the development of epitope-based diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Chunchun Meng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yaodan Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Weifeng Yuan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Shuqin Xu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | | | | | - Zhuang Ding
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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RIP1 is a central signaling protein in regulation of TNF-α/TRAIL mediated apoptosis and necroptosis during Newcastle disease virus infection. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43201-43217. [PMID: 28591723 PMCID: PMC5522139 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an oncolytic virus which selectively replicates in tumor cells and exerts anti-tumor cytotoxic activity by promoting cell death. In this study, we focus on characterization of the underlying mechanisms of NDV-induced cell death in HeLa cells. We find that NDV Herts/33 strain triggers both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis at late infection times. The activation of NF-кB pathway and subsequent up-regulation of TNF-α/TRAIL initiates extrinsic apoptosis, leading to activation of caspase 8 and cleavage of Bid into tBid. tBid transmits the extrinsic apoptotic signals to mitochondria and mediates intrinsic apoptosis, which is hallmarked by cleavage of caspase 9. Moreover, RIP1 is cleaved into RIP1-N and RIP1-C at D324 by caspase 8, and this cleavage promotes apoptosis. Surprisingly, over expression of RIP1 reduces apoptosis and depletion of RIP1 promotes apoptosis, suggesting full length RIP1 is anti-apoptotic. Moreover, necroptosis hallmark protein MLKL is activated by phosphorylation at 12-24 h.p.i., and RIP1 regulates the level of phosphor-MLKL. Immunostaining shows that RIP1 aggregates to stress granules (SGs) at 8-24 h.p.i., and phosphor-MLKL is also recruited to SGs, instead of migrating to plasma membrane to exert its necrotic function. Immunoprecipitation study demonstrates that RIP1 bind to phosphor-MLKL, and depletion of RIP1 reduces the aggregation of MLKL to SGs, suggesting that RIP1 recruits MLKL to SGs. Altogether, NDV infection initiates extrinsic apoptosis via activation of NF-кB and secretion of TNF-α/TRAIL. Activation of caspase 8 by TNF-α/TRAIL and subsequent cleavage of Bid and RIP1 transmit the death signals to mitochondria. Meanwhile, virus subverts the host defensive necroptosis via recruiting phosphor-MLKL by RIP1 to SGs. Thus, RIP1 is a central signaling protein in regulation of apoptosis and necroptosis during NDV infection.
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45
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Zhao N, Grund C, Beer M, Harder TC. Engineered recombinant protein products of the avian paramyxovirus type-1 nucleocapsid and phosphoprotein genes for serological diagnosis. Virol J 2018; 15:8. [PMID: 29325564 PMCID: PMC5765633 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-0924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV, avian Avulavirus-1, APMV-1) induces a highly contagious and lethal systemic disease in gallinaceous poultry. APMV-1 antibody detection is used for surveillance and to control vaccination, but is hampered by cross-reactivity to other subtypes of avian Avulaviruses. Data are lacking concerning the applicability of NDV V proteins as differential diagnostic marker to distinguish vaccinated from virus-infected birds (DIVA strategy). Methods Full length and C-terminally truncated nucleocapsid (NP) protein, and the unique C-terminal regions of the phospho- (P) and V proteins of the NDV LaSota strain were bacterially expressed as fusion proteins with the multimerization domain of the human C4 binding protein, and used as diagnostic antigens in indirect ELISA. Results When used as diagnostic antigen in indirect ELISAs, recombinant full-length proved to be a sensitive target to detect seroconversion in chickens after APMV-1 vaccination and infection, but revealed some degree of cross reactivity with sera raised against other APMV subtypes. Cross reactivity was abolished but also sensitivity decreased when employing a C-terminal fragment of the NP of NDV as diagnostic antigen. Antibodies to the NDV V protein were mounted in poultry following NDV infection but also, albeit at lower rates and titers, after vaccination with attenuated NDV vaccines. V-specific seroconversion within the flock was incomplete and titers in individual bird transient. Conclusions Indirect ELISA based on bacterially expressed recombinant full-length NP compared favorably with a commercial NDV ELISA based on whole virus antigen, but cross reactivity between the NP proteins of different APMV subtypes could compromise specificity. However, specificity increased when using a less conserved C-terminal fragment of NP instead. Moreover, a serological DIVA strategy built on the NDV V protein was not feasible due to reduced immunogenicity of the V protein and frequent use of live-attenuated NDV vaccines. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-018-0924-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- The Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Grund
- The Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- The Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Timm C Harder
- The Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Germany.
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Sahu SK, Kumar M. Application of Oncolytic Virus as a Therapy of Cancer. Microb Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7140-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Yu X, Cheng J, He Z, Li C, Song Y, Xue J, Yang H, Zhang R, Zhang G. The glutamic residue at position 402 in the C-terminus of Newcastle disease virus nucleoprotein is critical for the virus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17471. [PMID: 29234115 PMCID: PMC5727133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleocapsid proteins (NPs) of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and other paramyxoviruses play an important functional role during genomic RNA replication. Our previous study showed that the NP-encoding gene significantly influenced viral replication. Here, we investigated the roles of certain amino acid residues in the NP C-terminus in viral replication and virulence. Results showed that the glutamic acid residue at position 402 (E402) in the C-terminus of the NP is critical for RNA synthesis in the NDV mini-genome system. Mutation of E402 resulted in larger viral plaques that appeared more quickly, and increased the virulence of NDV. Further study indicated that the mutant virus had increased RNA levels during the early stages of virus infection, but that RNA replication was inhibited at later time points. These findings increase our knowledge of viral replication and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the virulence factors associated with NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinlong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zirong He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Mayers J, Mansfield KL, Brown IH. The role of vaccination in risk mitigation and control of Newcastle disease in poultry. Vaccine 2017; 35:5974-5980. [PMID: 28951084 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease is regarded as one of the most important avian diseases throughout the world and continues to be a threat and economic burden to the poultry industry. With no effective treatment, poultry producers rely primarily on stringent biosecurity and vaccination regimens to control the spread of this devastating disease. This concise review provides an historical perspective of Newcastle disease vaccination and how fundamental research has paved the way for the development of instrumental techniques which are still in use today. Although vaccination programmes have reduced the impact of clinical disease, they have historically been ineffective in controlling the spread of virulent viruses and therefore do not always offer an adequate solution to the world's food security problems. However, the continued development of novel vaccine technology and improved biosecurity measures through education may offer a solution to help reduce the global threat of Newcastle disease on the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Mayers
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
| | - Karen L Mansfield
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ian H Brown
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
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Jin JH, Cheng JL, He ZR, Ren YC, Yu XH, Song Y, Yang HM, Yang YL, Liu T, Zhang GZ. Different Origins of Newcastle Disease Virus Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Protein Modulate the Replication Efficiency and Pathogenicity of the Virus. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1607. [PMID: 28878757 PMCID: PMC5572326 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the exact effects of different origins of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein to the biological characteristics of the virus, we systematically studied the correlation between the HN protein and NDV virulence by exchanging the HN of velogenic or lentogenic NDV strains with the HN from other strains of different virulence. The results revealed that the rSG10 or rLaSota derivatives bearing the HN gene of other viruses exhibited decreased or increased hemadsorption (HAd), neuraminidase and fusion promotion activities. In vitro and in vivo tests further showed that changes in replication level, tissue tropism and virulence of the chimeric viruses were also consistent with these biological activities. These findings demonstrated that the balance among three biological activities caused variation in replication and pathogenicity of the virus, which was closely related to the origin of the HN protein. Our study highlights the importance of the HN glycoprotein in modulating the virulence of NDV and contributes to a more complete understanding of the virulence of NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jin-Long Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Zi-Rong He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Ying-Chao Ren
- Diagnostic and Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Hui-Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yan-Ling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Guo-Zhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China.,Diagnostic and Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
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Liao Y, Wang HX, Mao X, Fang H, Wang H, Li Y, Sun Y, Meng C, Tan L, Song C, Qiu X, Ding C. RIP1 is a central signaling protein in regulation of TNF-α/TRAIL mediated apoptosis and necroptosis during Newcastle disease virus infection. Oncotarget 2017. [PMID: 28591723 DOI: 10.1863/oncotarget.17970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an oncolytic virus which selectively replicates in tumor cells and exerts anti-tumor cytotoxic activity by promoting cell death. In this study, we focus on characterization of the underlying mechanisms of NDV-induced cell death in HeLa cells. We find that NDV Herts/33 strain triggers both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis at late infection times. The activation of NF-кB pathway and subsequent up-regulation of TNF-α/TRAIL initiates extrinsic apoptosis, leading to activation of caspase 8 and cleavage of Bid into tBid. tBid transmits the extrinsic apoptotic signals to mitochondria and mediates intrinsic apoptosis, which is hallmarked by cleavage of caspase 9. Moreover, RIP1 is cleaved into RIP1-N and RIP1-C at D324 by caspase 8, and this cleavage promotes apoptosis. Surprisingly, over expression of RIP1 reduces apoptosis and depletion of RIP1 promotes apoptosis, suggesting full length RIP1 is anti-apoptotic. Moreover, necroptosis hallmark protein MLKL is activated by phosphorylation at 12-24 h.p.i., and RIP1 regulates the level of phosphor-MLKL. Immunostaining shows that RIP1 aggregates to stress granules (SGs) at 8-24 h.p.i., and phosphor-MLKL is also recruited to SGs, instead of migrating to plasma membrane to exert its necrotic function. Immunoprecipitation study demonstrates that RIP1 bind to phosphor-MLKL, and depletion of RIP1 reduces the aggregation of MLKL to SGs, suggesting that RIP1 recruits MLKL to SGs. Altogether, NDV infection initiates extrinsic apoptosis via activation of NF-кB and secretion of TNF-α/TRAIL. Activation of caspase 8 by TNF-α/TRAIL and subsequent cleavage of Bid and RIP1 transmit the death signals to mitochondria. Meanwhile, virus subverts the host defensive necroptosis via recruiting phosphor-MLKL by RIP1 to SGs. Thus, RIP1 is a central signaling protein in regulation of apoptosis and necroptosis during NDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liao
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Xia Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Huang Wang
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yanrong Li
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Chun Meng
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
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