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Wang H, Georgakopoulou A, Zhang W, Kim J, Gil S, Ehrhardt A, Lieber A. HDAd6/35++ - A new helper-dependent adenovirus vector platform for in vivo transduction of hematopoietic stem cells. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 29:213-226. [PMID: 37081854 PMCID: PMC10111954 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, we achieved safe and efficient in vivo hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transduction in mobilized mice and macaques with intravenously injected helper-dependent adenovirus HDAd5/35++ vectors. These vectors are derivatives of serotype Ad5-containing CD46-affinity enhanced Ad35 fiber knob domains. Considering the impact of anti-Ad5/HDAd5/35++ neutralizing serum antibodies present in the human population, we generated HSC-retargeted HDAd6/35++ vectors derived from serotype 6. We found a lower prevalence and titers of serum anti-HDAd6/35++ in human samples compared with HDAd5/35++. HDAd6/35++ vectors efficiently transduced human and rhesus CD34+ cells in vitro. Intravenous injection of HDAd5/35++-GFP or HDAd6/35++-GFP vectors after G-CSF/AMD3100 mobilization of mice with established human hematopoiesis or human CD46 transgenic mice resulted in comparable GFP marking rates in HSCs in the bone marrow and spleen. In long-term in vivo HSC transduction and selection studies with integrating vectors, stable GFP expression in >75% of PBMCs was show for both vectors. In contrast with HDAd5/35++, undesired transduction of hepatocytes was minimal with HDAd6/35++. Furthermore, HDAd6/35++ allowed for efficient in vivo HSC transduction in Ad5-pre-immune mice. These features, together with the straightforward production of HDAd6/35++ vectors at high yield, make this new HDAd vector platform attractive for clinical translation of the in vivo approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Wang
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Aphrodite Georgakopoulou
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Jiho Kim
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sucheol Gil
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - André Lieber
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology and Lab, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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2
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Gomez-Escobar E, Roingeard P, Beaumont E. Current Hepatitis C Vaccine Candidates Based on the Induction of Neutralizing Antibodies. Viruses 2023; 15:1151. [PMID: 37243237 PMCID: PMC10220683 DOI: 10.3390/v15051151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has revolutionized hepatitis C treatment. Short courses of treatment with these drugs are highly beneficial to patients, eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) without adverse effects. However, this outstanding success is tempered by the continuing difficulty of eradicating the virus worldwide. Thus, access to an effective vaccine against HCV is strongly needed to reduce the burden of the disease and contribute to the elimination of viral hepatitis. The recent failure of a T-cell vaccine based on the use of viral vectors expressing the HCV non-structural protein sequences to prevent chronic hepatitis C in drug users has pointed out that the induction of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) will be essential in future vaccine candidates. To induce NAbs, vaccines must contain the main target of this type of antibody, the HCV envelope glycoproteins (E1 and E2). In this review, we summarize the structural regions in E1 and E2 proteins that are targeted by NAbs and how these proteins are presented in the vaccine candidates currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- Inserm U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
| | - Elodie Beaumont
- Inserm U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
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3
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D’Alise AM, Nocchi L, Garzia I, Seclì L, Infante L, Troise F, Cotugno G, Allocca S, Romano G, Lahm A, Leoni G, Sasso E, Scarselli E, Nicosia A. Adenovirus Encoded Adjuvant (AdEnA) anti-CTLA-4, a novel strategy to improve Adenovirus based vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156714. [PMID: 37180141 PMCID: PMC10169702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Virus vectored genetic vaccines (Vvgv) represent a promising approach for eliciting immune protection against infectious diseases and cancer. However, at variance with classical vaccines to date, no adjuvant has been combined with clinically approved genetic vaccines, possibly due to the detrimental effect of the adjuvant-induced innate response on the expression driven by the genetic vaccine vector. We reasoned that a potential novel approach to develop adjuvants for genetic vaccines would be to "synchronize" in time and space the activity of the adjuvant with that of the vaccine. Methods To this aim, we generated an Adenovirus vector encoding a murine anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody (Ad-9D9) as a genetic adjuvant for Adenovirus based vaccines. Results The co-delivery of Ad-9D9 with an Adeno-based COVID-19 vaccine encoding the Spike protein resulted in stronger cellular and humoral immune responses. In contrast, only a modest adjuvant effect was achieved when combining the vaccine with the same anti-CTLA-4 in its proteinaceous form. Importantly, the administration of the adjuvant vector at different sites of the vaccine vector abrogates the immunostimulatory effect. We showed that the adjuvant activity of Ad-α-CTLA-4 is independent from the vaccine antigen as it improved the immune response and efficacy of an Adenovirus based polyepitope vaccine encoding tumor neoantigens. Discussion Our study demonstrated that the combination of Adenovirus Encoded Adjuvant (AdEnA) with an Adeno-encoded antigen vaccine enhances immune responses to viral and tumor antigens, representing a potent approach to develop more effective genetic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luigia Infante
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emanuele Sasso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies s.c. a.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Nicosia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies s.c. a.r.l., Naples, Italy
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4
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Osipov ID, Vasikhovskaia VA, Zabelina DS, Kutseikin SS, Grazhdantseva AA, Kochneva GV, Davydova J, Netesov SV, Romanenko MV. Development of Oncolytic Vectors Based on Human Adenovirus Type 6 for Cancer Treatment. Viruses 2023; 15:182. [PMID: 36680222 PMCID: PMC9865941 DOI: 10.3390/v15010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Adenovirus type 6 (HAdV-C6) is a promising candidate for the development of oncolytic vectors as it has low seroprevalence and the intrinsic ability to evade tissue macrophages. However, its further development as a therapeutic agent is hampered by the lack of convenient cloning methods. We have developed a novel technology when a shuttle plasmid carrying the distal genome parts with modified E1A and E3 regions is recombined in vitro with the truncated HAdV-C6 genome. Using this approach, we have constructed a novel Ad6-hT-GM vector controlled by the hTERT promoter and expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) instead of 6.7K and gp19K E3 proteins. We have demonstrated that control by the hTERT promoter may result in delayed viral replication, which nevertheless does not significantly change the cytotoxic ability of recombinant viruses. The insertion of the transgene by displacing the E3-6.7K/gp19K region does not drastically change the expression patterns of E3 genes; however, mild changes in expression from major late promoter were observed. Finally, we have demonstrated that the treatment of human breast cancer xenografts in murine models with Ad6-hT-GM significantly decreased the tumor volume and improved survival time compared to mock-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan D. Osipov
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Daria S. Zabelina
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergei S. Kutseikin
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Galina V. Kochneva
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Julia Davydova
- Surgery Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sergey V. Netesov
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Margarita V. Romanenko
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Surgery Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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5
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Petro-Turnquist EM, Bullard BL, Pekarek MJ, Weaver EA. Adenoviral-Vectored Centralized Consensus Hemagglutinin Vaccine Provides Broad Protection against H2 Influenza a Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060926. [PMID: 35746534 PMCID: PMC9229510 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several influenza pandemics have occurred in the past century, one of which emerged in 1957 from a zoonotic transmission of H2N2 from an avian reservoir into humans. This pandemic caused 2–4 million deaths and circulated until 1968. Since the disappearance of H2N2 from human populations, there has been waning immunity against H2, and this subtype is not currently incorporated into seasonal vaccines. However, H2 influenza remains a pandemic threat due to consistent circulation in avian reservoirs. Here, we describe a method of pandemic preparedness by creating an adenoviral-vectored centralized consensus vaccine design against human H2 influenza. We also assessed the utility of serotype-switching to enhance the protective immune responses seen with homologous prime-boosting strategies. Immunization with an H2 centralized consensus showed a wide breadth of antibody responses after vaccination, protection against challenge with a divergent human H2 strain, and significantly reduced viral load in the lungs after challenge. Further, serotype switching between two species C adenoviruses enhanced protective antibody titers after heterologous boosting. These data support the notion that an adenoviral-vectored H2 centralized consensus vaccine has the ability to provide broadly cross-reactive immune responses to protect against divergent strains of H2 influenza and prepare for a possible pandemic.
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Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, which is the second after heart diseases. Adenoviruses (Ads) have become the promise of new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. The objective of this review is to discuss current advances in the applications of adenoviral vectors in cancer therapy. Adenoviral vectors can be engineered in different ways so as to change the tumor microenvironment from cold tumor to hot tumor, including; 1. by modifying Ads to deliver transgenes that codes for tumor suppressor gene (p53) and other proteins whose expression result in cell cycle arrest 2. Ads can also be modified to express tumor specific antigens, cytokines, and other immune-modulatory molecules. The other strategy to use Ads in cancer therapy is to use oncolytic adenoviruses, which directly kills tumor cells. Gendicine and Advexin are replication-defective recombinant human p53 adenoviral vectors that have been shown to be effective against several types of cancer. Gendicine was approved for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration (FDA) agency in 2003 as a first-ever gene therapy product. Oncorine and ONYX-015 are oncolytic adenoviral vectors that have been shown to be effective against some types of cancer. The Chiness FDA agency has also approved Oncorin for the treatment of head and neck cancer. Ads that were engineered to express immune-stimulatory cytokines and other immune-modulatory molecules such as TNF-α, IL-2, BiTE, CD40L, 4-1BBL, GM-CSF, and IFN have shown promising outcome in treatment of cancer. Ads can also improve therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapy (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells). In addition, different replication-deficient adenoviral vectors (Ad5-CEA, Ad5-PSA, Ad-E6E7, ChAdOx1-MVA and Ad-transduced Dendritic cells) that were tested as anticancer vaccines have been demonstrated to induce strong antitumor immune response. However, the use of adenoviral vectors in gene therapy is limited by several factors such as pre-existing immunity to adenoviral vectors and high immunogenicity of the viruses. Thus, innovative strategies must be continually developed so as to overcome the obstacles of using adenoviral vectors in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sintayehu Tsegaye Tseha
- Lecturer of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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7
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Whitley J, Zwolinski C, Denis C, Maughan M, Hayles L, Clarke D, Snare M, Liao H, Chiou S, Marmura T, Zoeller H, Hudson B, Peart J, Johnson M, Karlsson A, Wang Y, Nagle C, Harris C, Tonkin D, Fraser S, Capiz L, Zeno CL, Meli Y, Martik D, Ozaki DA, Caparoni A, Dickens JE, Weissman D, Saunders KO, Haynes BF, Sempowski GD, Denny TN, Johnson MR. Development of mRNA manufacturing for vaccines and therapeutics: mRNA platform requirements and development of a scalable production process to support early phase clinical trials. Transl Res 2022; 242:38-55. [PMID: 34871810 PMCID: PMC8641981 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable success of SARS CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines and the ensuing interest in mRNA vaccines and therapeutics have highlighted the need for a scalable clinical-enabling manufacturing process to produce such products, and robust analytical methods to demonstrate safety, potency, and purity. To date, production processes have either not been disclosed or are bench-scale in nature and cannot be readily adapted to clinical and commercial scale production. To address these needs, we have advanced an aqueous-based scalable process that is readily adaptable to GMP-compliant manufacturing, and developed the required analytical methods for product characterization, quality control release, and stability testing. We also have demonstrated the products produced at manufacturing scale under such approaches display good potency and protection in relevant animal models with mRNA products encoding both vaccine immunogens and antibodies. Finally, we discuss continued challenges in raw material identification, sourcing and supply, and the cold chain requirements for mRNA therapeutic and vaccine products. While ultimate solutions have yet to be elucidated, we discuss approaches that can be taken that are aligned with regulatory guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Whitley
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher Zwolinski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christian Denis
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Maureen Maughan
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Leonie Hayles
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David Clarke
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Meghan Snare
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hong Liao
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sean Chiou
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tina Marmura
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Holly Zoeller
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ben Hudson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - John Peart
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Monica Johnson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Amelia Karlsson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cynthia Nagle
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cherell Harris
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Daniel Tonkin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stephanie Fraser
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lieza Capiz
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christina L Zeno
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yvonne Meli
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Diana Martik
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Daniel A Ozaki
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Amy Caparoni
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jason E Dickens
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Drew Weissman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas N Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Matthew R Johnson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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8
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Adenovirus Type 6: Subtle Structural Distinctions from Adenovirus Type 5 Result in Essential Differences in Properties and Perspectives for Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101641. [PMID: 34683934 PMCID: PMC8540711 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus vectors are the most frequently used agents for gene therapy, including oncolytic therapy and vaccine development. It’s hard to overestimate the value of adenoviruses during the COVID-19 pandemic as to date four out of four approved viral vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are developed on adenovirus platform. The vast majority of adenoviral vectors are based on the most studied human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-C5), however, its immunogenicity often hampers the clinical translation of HAdV-C5 vectors. The search of less seroprevalent adenovirus types led to another species C adenovirus, Adenovirus type 6 (HAdV-C6). HAdV-C6 possesses high oncolytic efficacy against multiple cancer types and remarkable ability to induce the immune response towards carrying antigens. Being genetically very close to HAdV-C5, HAdV-C6 differs from HAdV-C5 in structure of the most abundant capsid protein, hexon. This leads to the ability of HAdV-C6 to evade the uptake by Kupffer cells as well as to distinct opsonization by immunoglobulins and other blood proteins, influencing the overall biodistribution of HAdV-C6 after systemic administration. This review describes the structural features of HAdV-C6, its interaction with liver cells and blood factors, summarizes the previous experiences using HAdV-C6, and provides the rationale behind the use of HAdV-C6 for vaccine and anticancer drugs developments.
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9
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Where to Next? Research Directions after the First Hepatitis C Vaccine Efficacy Trial. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071351. [PMID: 34372558 PMCID: PMC8310243 DOI: 10.3390/v13071351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty years after its discovery, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a leading cause of liver disease worldwide. Given that many countries continue to experience high rates of transmission despite the availability of potent antiviral therapies, an effective vaccine is seen as critical for the elimination of HCV. The recent failure of the first vaccine efficacy trial for the prevention of chronic HCV confirmed suspicions that this virus will be a challenging vaccine target. Here, we examine the published data from this first efficacy trial along with the earlier clinical and pre-clinical studies of the vaccine candidate and then discuss three key research directions expected to be important in ongoing and future HCV vaccine development. These include the following: 1. design of novel immunogens that generate immune responses to genetically diverse HCV genotypes and subtypes, 2. strategies to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies against envelope glycoproteins in addition to cytotoxic and helper T cell responses, and 3. consideration of the unique immunological status of individuals most at risk for HCV infection, including those who inject drugs, in vaccine platform development and early immunogenicity trials.
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10
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Capone S, Brown A, Hartnell F, Sorbo MD, Traboni C, Vassilev V, Colloca S, Nicosia A, Cortese R, Folgori A, Klenerman P, Barnes E, Swadling L. Optimising T cell (re)boosting strategies for adenoviral and modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine regimens in humans. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:94. [PMID: 33083029 PMCID: PMC7550607 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simian adenoviral and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) viral vectors used in heterologous prime-boost strategies are potent inducers of T cells against encoded antigens and are in advanced testing as vaccine carriers for a wide range of infectious agents and cancers. It is unclear if these responses can be further enhanced or sustained with reboosting strategies. Furthermore, despite the challenges involved in MVA manufacture dose de-escalation has not been performed in humans. In this study, healthy volunteers received chimpanzee-derived adenovirus-3 and MVA vaccines encoding the non-structural region of hepatitis C virus (ChAd3-NSmut/MVA-NSmut) 8 weeks apart. Volunteers were then reboosted with a second round of ChAd3-NSmut/MVA-NSmut or MVA-NSmut vaccines 8 weeks or 1-year later. We also determined the capacity of reduced doses of MVA-NSmut to boost ChAd3-NSmut primed T cells. Reboosting was safe, with no enhanced reactogenicity. Reboosting after an 8-week interval led to minimal re-expansion of transgene-specific T cells. However, after a longer interval, T cell responses expanded efficiently and memory responses were enhanced. The 8-week interval regimen induced a higher percentage of terminally differentiated and effector memory T cells. Reboosting with MVA-NSmut alone was as effective as with ChAd3-NSmut/MVA-NSmut. A ten-fold lower dose of MVA (2 × 107pfu) induced high-magnitude, sustained, broad, and functional Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific T cell responses, equivalent to standard doses (2 × 108 pfu). Overall, we show that following Ad/MVA prime-boost vaccination reboosting is most effective after a prolonged interval and is productive with MVA alone. Importantly, we also show that a ten-fold lower dose of MVA is as potent in humans as the standard dose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Brown
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Cinzia Traboni
- ReiThera Srl, Via di Castel Romano, 100, 00128 Rome, Italy.,Present Address: Nouscom Srl, Via di Castel Romano, 100, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Alfredo Nicosia
- Keires AG, Baumleingasse 18, CH 4051 Basel, Switzerland.,CEINGE, via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford NIHR BRC, and Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford, UK.,The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford NIHR BRC, and Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford, UK.,The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leo Swadling
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Present Address: Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK
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11
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Esposito I, Cicconi P, D'Alise AM, Brown A, Esposito M, Swadling L, Holst PJ, Bassi MR, Stornaiuolo M, Mori F, Vassilev V, Li W, Donnison T, Gentile C, Turner B, von Delft A, Del Sorbo M, Barra F, Contino AM, Abbate A, Novellino E, Thomsen AR, Christensen JP, Lahm A, Grazioli F, Ammendola V, Siani L, Colloca S, Klenerman P, Nicosia A, Dorrell L, Folgori A, Capone S, Barnes E. MHC class II invariant chain-adjuvanted viral vectored vaccines enhances T cell responses in humans. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:12/548/eaaz7715. [PMID: 32554708 PMCID: PMC7610808 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz7715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to enhance the induction of high magnitude T cell responses through vaccination are urgently needed. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-associated invariant chain (Ii) plays a critical role in antigen presentation, forming MHC class II peptide complexes for the generation of CD4+ T cell responses. Preclinical studies evaluating the fusion of Ii to antigens encoded in vector delivery systems have shown that this strategy may enhance T cell immune responses to the encoded antigen. We now assess this strategy in humans, using chimpanzee adenovirus 3 and modified vaccinia Ankara vectors encoding human Ii fused to the nonstructural (NS) antigens of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a heterologous prime/boost regimen. Vaccination was well tolerated and enhanced the peak magnitude, breadth, and proliferative capacity of anti-HCV T cell responses compared to non-Ii vaccines in humans. Very high frequencies of HCV-specific T cells were elicited in humans. Polyfunctional HCV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ responses were induced with up to 30% of CD3+CD8+ cells targeting single HCV epitopes; these were mostly effector memory cells with a high proportion expressing T cell activation and cytolytic markers. No volunteers developed anti-Ii T cell or antibody responses. Using a mouse model and in vitro experiments, we show that Ii fused to NS increases HCV immune responses through enhanced ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. This strategy could be used to develop more potent HCV vaccines that may contribute to the HCV elimination targets and paves the way for developing class II Ii vaccines against cancer and other infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Esposito
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Paola Cicconi
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | | | - Anthony Brown
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | | | - Leo Swadling
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Peter Johannes Holst
- Center for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,InProTher ApS, BioInnovation Institute, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Rosaria Bassi
- Center for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Wenqin Li
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Timothy Donnison
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Chiara Gentile
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Bethany Turner
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Annette von Delft
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Allan Randrup Thomsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,The Jenner Institute Laboratories, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Alfredo Nicosia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.,Keires AG, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lucy Dorrell
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Headington OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | | | - Eleanor Barnes
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK. .,The Jenner Institute Laboratories, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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12
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Coughlan L. Factors Which Contribute to the Immunogenicity of Non-replicating Adenoviral Vectored Vaccines. Front Immunol 2020; 11:909. [PMID: 32508823 PMCID: PMC7248264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors are a safe and potently immunogenic vaccine delivery platform. Non-replicating Ad vectors possess several attributes which make them attractive vaccines for infectious disease, including their capacity for high titer growth, ease of manipulation, safety, and immunogenicity in clinical studies, as well as their compatibility with clinical manufacturing and thermo-stabilization procedures. In general, Ad vectors are immunogenic vaccines, which elicit robust transgene antigen-specific cellular (namely CD8+ T cells) and/or humoral immune responses. A large number of adenoviruses isolated from humans and non-human primates, which have low seroprevalence in humans, have been vectorized and tested as vaccines in animal models and humans. However, a distinct hierarchy of immunological potency has been identified between diverse Ad vectors, which unfortunately limits the potential use of many vectors which have otherwise desirable manufacturing characteristics. The precise mechanistic factors which underlie the profound disparities in immunogenicity are not clearly defined and are the subject of ongoing, detailed investigation. It has been suggested that a combination of factors contribute to the potent immunogenicity of particular Ad vectors, including the magnitude and duration of vaccine antigen expression following immunization. Furthermore, the excessive induction of Type I interferons by some Ad vectors has been suggested to impair transgene expression levels, dampening subsequent immune responses. Therefore, the induction of balanced, but not excessive stimulation of innate signaling is optimal. Entry factor binding or receptor usage of distinct Ad vectors can also affect their in vivo tropism following administration by different routes. The abundance and accessibility of innate immune cells and/or antigen-presenting cells at the site of injection contributes to early innate immune responses to Ad vaccination, affecting the outcome of the adaptive immune response. Although a significant amount of information exists regarding the tropism determinants of the common human adenovirus type-5 vector, very little is known about the receptor usage and tropism of rare species or non-human Ad vectors. Increased understanding of how different facets of the host response to Ad vectors contribute to their immunological potency will be essential for the development of optimized and customized Ad vaccine platforms for specific diseases.
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13
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Benest J, Rhodes S, Afrough S, Evans T, White R. Response Type and Host Species may be Sufficient to Predict Dose-Response Curve Shape for Adenoviral Vector Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020155. [PMID: 32235634 PMCID: PMC7349762 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine dose-response curves can follow both saturating and peaking shapes. Dose-response curves for adenoviral vector vaccines have not been systematically described. In this paper, we explore the dose-response shape of published adenoviral animal and human studies. Where data were informative, dose-response was approximately five times more likely to be peaking than saturating. There was evidence that host species and response type may be sufficient for prediction of dose-response curve shape. Dose-response curve shape prediction could decrease clinical trial costs, accelerating the development of life-saving vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Benest
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (S.R.); (R.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sophie Rhodes
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (S.R.); (R.W.)
| | - Sara Afrough
- Vaccitech Ltd., The Schrodinger Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, UK (T.E.)
| | - Thomas Evans
- Vaccitech Ltd., The Schrodinger Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, UK (T.E.)
| | - Richard White
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (S.R.); (R.W.)
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14
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Afrough S, Rhodes S, Evans T, White R, Benest J. Immunologic Dose-Response to Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccines in Animals and Humans: A Systematic Review of Dose-Response Studies of Replication Incompetent Adenoviral Vaccine Vectors when Given via an Intramuscular or Subcutaneous Route. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E131. [PMID: 32192058 PMCID: PMC7157626 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal vaccine dosing is important to ensure the greatest protection and safety. Analysis of dose-response data, from previous studies, may inform future studies to determine the optimal dose. Implementing more quantitative modelling approaches in vaccine dose finding have been recently suggested to accelerate vaccine development. Adenoviral vectored vaccines are in advanced stage of development for a variety of prophylactic and therapeutic indications, however dose-response has not yet been systematically determined. To further inform adenoviral vectored vaccines dose identification, historical dose-response data should be systematically reviewed. A systematic literature review was conducted to collate and describe the available dose-response studies for adenovirus vectored vaccines. Of 2787 papers identified by Medline search strategy, 35 were found to conform to pre-defined criteria. The majority of studies were in mice or humans and studied adenovirus serotype 5. Dose-response data were available for 12 different immunological responses. The majority of papers evaluated three dose levels, only two evaluated more than five dose levels. The most common dosing range was 107-1010 viral particles in mouse studies and 108-1011 viral particles in human studies. Data were available on adenovirus vaccine dose-response, primarily on adenovirus serotype 5 backbones and in mice and humans. These data could be used for quantitative adenoviral vectored vaccine dose optimisation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Afrough
- Vaccitech Ltd., The Schrodinger Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, UK;
| | - Sophie Rhodes
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (S.R.); (R.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Thomas Evans
- Vaccitech Ltd., The Schrodinger Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, UK;
| | - Richard White
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (S.R.); (R.W.); (J.B.)
| | - John Benest
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (S.R.); (R.W.); (J.B.)
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15
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Atcheson E, Li W, Bliss CM, Chinnakannan S, Heim K, Sharpe H, Hutchings C, Dietrich I, Nguyen D, Kapoor A, Jarvis MA, Klenerman P, Barnes E, Simmonds P. Use of an Outbred Rat Hepacivirus Challenge Model for Design and Evaluation of Efficacy of Different Immunization Strategies for Hepatitis C Virus. Hepatology 2020; 71:794-807. [PMID: 31400152 PMCID: PMC7154631 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The lack of immunocompetent small animal models for hepatitis C virus (HCV) has greatly hindered the development of effective vaccines. Using rodent hepacivirus (RHV), a homolog of HCV that shares many characteristics of HCV infection, we report the development and application of an RHV outbred rat model for HCV vaccine development. APPROACH AND RESULTS Simian adenovirus (ChAdOx1) encoding a genetic immune enhancer (truncated shark class II invariant chain) fused to the nonstructural (NS) proteins NS3-NS5B from RHV (ChAd-NS) was used to vaccinate Sprague-Dawley rats, resulting in high levels of cluster of differentiation 8-positive (CD8+ ) T-cell responses. Following RHV challenge (using 10 or 100 times the minimum infectious dose), 42% of vaccinated rats cleared infection within 6-8 weeks, while all mock vaccinated controls became infected with high-level viremia postchallenge. A single, 7-fold higher dose of ChAd-NS increased efficacy to 67%. Boosting with ChAd-NS or with a plasmid encoding the same NS3-NS5B antigens increased efficacy to 100% and 83%, respectively. A ChAdOx1 vector encoding structural antigens (ChAd-S) was also constructed. ChAd-S alone showed no efficacy. Strikingly, when combined with ChAd-NS, ChAD-S produced 83% efficacy. Protection was associated with a strong CD8+ interferon gamma-positive recall response against NS4. Next-generation sequencing of a putative RHV escape mutant in a vaccinated rat identified mutations in both identified immunodominant CD8+ T-cell epitopes. CONCLUSIONS A simian adenovirus vector vaccine strategy is effective at inducing complete protective immunity in the rat RHV model. The RHV Sprague-Dawley rat challenge model enables comparative testing of vaccine platforms and antigens and identification of correlates of protection and thereby provides a small animal experimental framework to guide the development of an effective vaccine for HCV in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Atcheson
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Wenqin Li
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Carly M. Bliss
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Kathrin Heim
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Hannah Sharpe
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Claire Hutchings
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Isabelle Dietrich
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Amit Kapoor
- Centre for Vaccines and ImmunityThe Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s HospitalColumbusOH
| | | | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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16
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Ismail AM, Zhou X, Dyer DW, Seto D, Rajaiya J, Chodosh J. Genomic foundations of evolution and ocular pathogenesis in human adenovirus species D. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3583-3608. [PMID: 31769017 PMCID: PMC7185199 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human adenovirus commonly causes infections of respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and ocular surface mucosae. Although most adenovirus eye infections are mild and self-limited, specific viruses within human adenovirus species D are associated with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), a severe and highly contagious ocular surface infection, which can lead to chronic and/or recurrent, visually disabling keratitis. In this review, we discuss the links between adenovirus ontogeny, genomics, immune responses, and corneal pathogenesis, for those viruses that cause EKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashrafali M. Ismail
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David W. Dyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Donald Seto
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Jaya Rajaiya
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Chodosh
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Xie C, Ha Z, Sun W, Nan F, Zhang P, Han J, Zhao G, Zhang H, Zhuang X, Lu H, Jin N. Construction and immunological evaluation of recombinant adenovirus vaccines co-expressing GP3 and GP5 of EU-type porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pigs. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1879-1886. [PMID: 31694992 PMCID: PMC6943305 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) keeps causing economic
damages in the swine sector across the globe. There has been emergence of the European
(EU) genotype of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (Genotype-I PRRSV) in
China in recent years. The presently available vaccines cannot unable to provide safeguard
against PRRSV infection completely. This study was aimed to construct recombinant
adenovirus expressing the ORF3 and ORF5 genes of the EU-type PRRSV strain. Then, the
recombinant adenovirus vaccines for EU-type PRRSV (rAd-E3518, rAd-E35, rAd-E3 and rAd-E5)
which we constructed and evaluated were constructed and identified by western blot and
PCR. All recombinant adenovirus vaccines were evaluated for humoral and cellular responses
and EU-type PRRSV challenge in pigs. The results showed that the group of rAd-E3518+Quil A
developed higher GP3 and GP5 specific antibody responses compared to the group of
rAd-E3518. The majority of the neutralizing antibody titers were higher than 1:16
(P<0.05), the fusion of IL-18 has increased significantly
PRRSV-stimulated secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 in porcine serum, the group of rAd-E3518+Quil
A produced highest T-lymphocytes (CD3+CD4+ and
CD3+CD8+ T cells) proliferative in peripheral blood of pigs. The
animals were challenged with the EU-type PRRSV strain and the viral load was detected in
the several tissues, the viral load of rAd-E3518 and rAd-E3518+Quil A were lower than the
wild-type adenovirus group. Our findings provide evidence to confirm that the recombinant
adenovirus vaccine can protect pigs from EU-PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhan Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhuo Ha
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Fulong Nan
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of specialty, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Jicheng Han
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Guanyu Zhao
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - He Zhang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Xinyu Zhuang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.,Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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18
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Mennechet FJD, Paris O, Ouoba AR, Salazar Arenas S, Sirima SB, Takoudjou Dzomo GR, Diarra A, Traore IT, Kania D, Eichholz K, Weaver EA, Tuaillon E, Kremer EJ. A review of 65 years of human adenovirus seroprevalence. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:597-613. [PMID: 31132024 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1588113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Human adenovirus (HAdV)-derived vectors have been used in numerous pre-clinical and clinical trials during the last 40 years. Current research in HAdV-based vaccines focuses on improving transgene immunogenicity and safety. Because pre-existing humoral immunity against HAdV types correlate with reduced vaccine efficacy and safety, many groups are exploring the development of HAdV types vectors with lower seroprevalence. However, global seroepidemiological data are incomplete. Areas covered: The goal of this review is to centralize 65 years of research on (primarily) HAdV epidemiology. After briefly addressing adenovirus biology, we chronical HAdV seroprevalence studies and highlight major milestones. Finally, we analyze data from about 50 studies with respect to HAdVs types that are currently used in the clinic, or are in the developmental pipeline. Expert opinion: Vaccination is among the most efficient tools to prevent infectious disease. HAdV-based vaccines have undeniable potential, but optimization is needed and antivector immunity remains a challenge if the same vectors are to be administrated to different populations. Here, we identify gaps in our knowledge and the need for updated worldwide epidemiological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck J D Mennechet
- a Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier , University of Montpellier - CNRS , Montpellier , France
| | - Océane Paris
- a Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier , University of Montpellier - CNRS , Montpellier , France
| | - Aline Raissa Ouoba
- a Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier , University of Montpellier - CNRS , Montpellier , France.,b UMR 1058, Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections , INSERM - University of Montpellier - Establishment Français du Sang - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier , Montpellier , France.,c Département des sciences et de la recherche clinique , Centre Muraz , Bobo-Dioulasso , Burkina Faso
| | - Sofia Salazar Arenas
- a Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier , University of Montpellier - CNRS , Montpellier , France
| | - Sodiomon B Sirima
- d Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme , Ouagadougou , Burkina Faso.,e Groupe de Recherche Action en Santé (GRAS) , Ouagadougou , Burkina Faso
| | - Guy R Takoudjou Dzomo
- f Complexe Hospitalo Universitaire « Le Bon Samaritain » , N'Djamena , Republic of Chad
| | - Amidou Diarra
- d Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme , Ouagadougou , Burkina Faso
| | - Isidore T Traore
- c Département des sciences et de la recherche clinique , Centre Muraz , Bobo-Dioulasso , Burkina Faso
| | - Dramane Kania
- c Département des sciences et de la recherche clinique , Centre Muraz , Bobo-Dioulasso , Burkina Faso
| | - Karsten Eichholz
- a Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier , University of Montpellier - CNRS , Montpellier , France
| | - Eric A Weaver
- g University of Nebraska-Lincoln, School of Biological Sciences , Lincoln , NE , USA
| | - Edouard Tuaillon
- b UMR 1058, Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections , INSERM - University of Montpellier - Establishment Français du Sang - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | - Eric J Kremer
- a Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier , University of Montpellier - CNRS , Montpellier , France
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19
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Manickam C, Shah SV, Lucar O, Ram DR, Reeves RK. Cytokine-Mediated Tissue Injury in Non-human Primate Models of Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2862. [PMID: 30568659 PMCID: PMC6290327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections trigger robust secretion of interferons and other antiviral cytokines by infected and bystander cells, which in turn can tune the immune response and may lead to viral clearance or immune suppression. However, aberrant or unrestricted cytokine responses can damage host tissues, leading to organ dysfunction, and even death. To understand the cytokine milieu and immune responses in infected host tissues, non-human primate (NHP) models have emerged as important tools. NHP have been used for decades to study human infections and have played significant roles in the development of vaccines, drug therapies and other immune treatment modalities, aided by an ability to control disease parameters, and unrestricted tissue access. In addition to the genetic and physiological similarities with humans, NHP have conserved immunologic properties with over 90% amino acid similarity for most cytokines. For example, human-like symptomology and acute respiratory syndrome is found in cynomolgus macaques infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, antibody enhanced dengue disease is common in neotropical primates, and in NHP models of viral hepatitis cytokine-induced inflammation induces severe liver damage, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma recapitulates human disease. To regulate inflammation, anti-cytokine therapy studies in NHP are underway and will provide important insights for future human interventions. This review will provide a comprehensive outline of the cytokine-mediated exacerbation of disease and tissue damage in NHP models of viral infections and therapeutic strategies that can aid in prevention/treatment of the disease syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia Manickam
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Spandan V. Shah
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Olivier Lucar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel R. Ram
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - R. Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
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20
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Progress in Adenoviral Capsid-Display Vaccines. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6030081. [PMID: 30049954 PMCID: PMC6165093 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral vectored vaccines against infectious diseases are currently in clinical trials due to their capacity to induce potent antigen-specific B- and T-cell immune responses. Heterologous prime-boost vaccination with adenoviral vector and, for example, adjuvanted protein-based vaccines can further enhance antigen-specific immune responses. Although leading to potent immune responses, these heterologous prime-boost regimens may be complex and impact manufacturing costs limiting efficient implementation. Typically, adenoviral vectors are engineered to genetically encode a transgene in the E1 region and utilize the host cell machinery to express the encoded antigen and thereby induce immune responses. Similarly, adenoviral vectors can be engineered to display foreign immunogenic peptides on the capsid-surface by insertion of antigens in capsid proteins hexon, fiber and protein IX. The ability to use adenoviral vectors as antigen-display particles, with or without using the genetic vaccine function, greatly increases the versatility of the adenoviral vector for vaccine development. This review describes the application of adenoviral capsid antigen-display vaccine vectors by focusing on their distinct advantages and possible limitations in vaccine development.
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21
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Young KG, Haq K, MacLean S, Dudani R, Elahi SM, Gilbert R, Weeratna RD, Krishnan L. Development of a recombinant murine tumour model using hepatoma cells expressing hepatitis C virus nonstructural antigens. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:649-660. [PMID: 29316037 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronically infects 2%-3% of the world's population, causing liver disease and cancer with prolonged infection. The narrow host range of the virus, being restricted largely to human hepatocytes, has made the development of relevant models to evaluate the efficacy of vaccines a challenge. We have developed a novel approach to accomplish this by generating a murine hepatoma cell line stably expressing nonstructural HCV antigens which can be used in vitro or in vivo to test HCV vaccine efficacies. These HCV-recombinant hepatoma cells formed large solid-mass tumours when implanted into syngeneic mice, allowing us to test candidate HCV vaccines to demonstrate the development of an HCV-specific immune response that limited tumour growth. Using this model, we tested the therapeutic potential of recombinant anti-HCV-specific vaccines based on two fundamentally different attenuated pathogen vaccine systems-attenuated Salmonella and recombinant adenoviral vector based vaccine. While attenuated Salmonella that secreted HCV antigens limited growth of the HCV-recombinant tumours when used in a therapeutic vaccination trial, replication-competent but noninfectious adenovirus expressing nonstructural HCV antigens showed overall greater survival and reduced weight loss compared to non-replicating nondisseminating adenovirus. Our results demonstrate a model with anti-tumour responses to HCV nonstructural (NS) protein antigens and suggest that recombinant vaccine vectors should be explored as a therapeutic strategy for controlling HCV and HCV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Young
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - K Haq
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S MacLean
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - R Dudani
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S M Elahi
- National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - R Gilbert
- National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - R D Weeratna
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - L Krishnan
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Zhang S, Sun F, Ren T, Duan Y, Gu H, Lai C, Wang Z, Zhang P, Wang X, Yang P. Immunogenicity of an influenza virus-vectored vaccine carrying the hepatitis C virus protein epitopes in mice. Antiviral Res 2017; 145:168-174. [PMID: 28778831 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a devastating impact on human health, and infections can progress into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no effective HCV vaccine. In this study, we rescued a recombinant PR8 influenza viral vector, called rgFLU-HCVCE1E2, carrying the core and envelope glycoprotein (C/E1/E2) epitopes of HCV inserted into the influenza nonstructural protein 1 gene. The morphological characteristics of rgFLU-HCVCE1E2 and the expression of the C/E1/E2 epitopes of HCV were examined. rgFLU-HCVCE1E2 replicated in various cell lines, including MDCK, A549, and Huh7.5 cells. More importantly, in BALB/c mice immunized intranasally twice at a 21-day interval with 104, 105, or 106 TCID50 rgFLU-HCVCE1E2, the viral vector induced a robust antibody response to influenza and HCV and potent IFN-γ and IL-4 secretion in response to HCV antigens in a dose-dependent manner. The rgFLU-HCVCE1E2 virus also stimulated IFN-γ production by virus-specific peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with chronic HCV infection. The study demonstrated that rgFLU-HCVCE1E2 carrying HCV antigens is immunogenic in vivo and has potential for the development of a HCV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fang Sun
- Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Tianyu Ren
- Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yueqiang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hongjing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Chengcai Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | | | | | - Xiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Penghui Yang
- Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
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23
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Zhang W, Ehrhardt A. Getting genetic access to natural adenovirus genomes to explore vector diversity. Virus Genes 2017; 53:675-683. [PMID: 28711987 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant vectors based on the human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV5) have been developed and extensively used in preclinical and clinical studies for over 30 years. However, certain restrictions of HAdV5-based vectors have limited their clinical applications because they are rather inefficient in specifically transducing cells of therapeutic interest that lack the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR). Moreover, enhanced vector-associated toxicity and widespread preexisting immunity have been shown to significantly hamper the effectiveness of HAdV-5-mediated gene transfer. However, evolution of adenoviruses in the natural host is driving the generation of novel types with altered virulence, enhanced transmission, and altered tissue tropism. As a consequence, an increasing number of alternative adenovirus types were identified, which may represent a valuable resource for the development of novel vector types. Thus, researchers are focusing on the other naturally occurring adenovirus types, which are structurally similar but functionally different from HAdV5. To this end, several strategies have been devised for getting genetic access to adenovirus genomes, resulting in a new panel of adenoviral vectors. Importantly, these vectors were shown to have a host range different from HAdV5 and to escape the anti-HAdV5 immune response, thus underlining the great potential of this approach. In summary, this review provides a state-of-the-art overview of one essential step in adenoviral vector development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453, Witten, Germany
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453, Witten, Germany.
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24
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Tollefson AE, Ying B, Spencer JF, Sagartz JE, Wold WSM, Toth K. Pathology in Permissive Syrian Hamsters after Infection with Species C Human Adenovirus (HAdV-C) Is the Result of Virus Replication: HAdV-C6 Replicates More and Causes More Pathology than HAdV-C5. J Virol 2017; 91:e00284-17. [PMID: 28250128 PMCID: PMC5411597 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00284-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Syrian hamsters are permissive for the replication of species C human adenoviruses (HAdV-C). The virus replicates to high titers in the liver of these animals after intravenous infection, while respiratory infection results in virus replication in the lung. Here we show that two types belonging to species C, HAdV-C5 and HAdV-C6, replicate to significantly different extents and cause pathology with significantly different severities, with HAdV-C6 replicating better and inducing more severe and more widespread lesions. The virus burdens in the livers of HAdV-C6-infected hamsters are higher than the virus burdens in HAdV-C5-infected ones because more of the permissive hepatocytes get infected. Furthermore, when hamsters are infected intravenously with HAdV-C6, live, infectious virus can be isolated from the lung and the kidney, which is not seen with HAdV-C5. Similarly to mouse models, in hamsters, HAdV-C6 is sequestered by macrophages to a lesser degree than HAdV-C5. Depletion of Kupffer cells from the liver greatly increases the replication of HAdV-C5 in the liver, while it has only a modest effect on the replication of HAdV-C6. Elimination of Kupffer cells also dramatically increases the pathology induced by HAdV-C5. These findings indicate that in hamsters, pathology resulting from intravenous infection with adenoviruses is caused mostly by replication in hepatocytes and not by the abortive infection of Kupffer cells and the following cytokine storm.IMPORTANCE Immunocompromised human patients can develop severe, often lethal adenovirus infections. Respiratory adenovirus infection among military recruits is a serious problem, in some cases requiring hospitalization of the patient. Furthermore, adenovirus-based vectors are frequently used as experimental viral therapeutic agents. Thus, it is imperative that we investigate the pathogenesis of adenoviruses in a permissive animal model. Syrian hamsters are susceptible to infection with certain human adenoviruses, and the pathology accompanying these infections is similar to what is observed with adenovirus-infected human patients. We demonstrate that replication in permissive cells in a susceptible host animal is a major part of the mechanism by which systemic adenovirus infection induces pathology, as opposed to the chiefly immune-mediated pathology observed in nonsusceptible hosts. These findings support the use of compounds inhibiting adenovirus replication as a means to block adenovirus-induced pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Tollefson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Baoling Ying
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jacqueline F Spencer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John E Sagartz
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William S M Wold
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Karoly Toth
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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25
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Tang A, Freed DC, Li F, Meschino S, Prokop M, Bett A, Casimiro D, Wang D, Fu TM. Functionally inactivated dominant viral antigens of human cytomegalovirus delivered in replication incompetent adenovirus type 6 vectors as vaccine candidates. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2763-2771. [PMID: 28494195 PMCID: PMC5718781 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1308988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell immunity is critical in controlling human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in transplant recipients, and T cells targeting viral immediate early proteins such as IE1, IE2 and pp65 have been speculated to be more effective against reactivation. Here we report efforts to construct replication incompetent adenovirus 6 vectors expressing these viral antigens as vaccine candidates. To reduce the potential liabilities of these viral proteins as vaccine antigens, we introduced mutations to inactivate their reported functions including their nuclear localization signals. The modifications greatly reduced their localization to the nuclei, thus limiting their interactions with cellular proteins important for cell cycle modulation and transactivation. The immunogenicity of modified pp65, IE1 and IE2 vaccines was comparable to their wild-type counterparts in mice and the immunogenicity of the modified antigens was demonstrated in non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Tang
- a MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | | | - Fengsheng Li
- a MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | | | | | - Andrew Bett
- a MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | | | - Dai Wang
- a MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Tong-Ming Fu
- a MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
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26
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Broderick KE, Humeau LM. Electroporation-enhanced delivery of nucleic acid vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 14:195-204. [PMID: 25487734 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.990890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The naked delivery of nucleic acid vaccines is notoriously inefficient, and an enabling delivery technology is required to direct efficiently these constructs intracellularly. A delivery technology capable of enhancing nucleic acid uptake in both cells in tissues and in culture is electroporation (EP). EP is a physical delivery mechanism that increases the permeability of mammalian cell membranes and allows the trafficking of large macromolecules into the cell. EP has now been used extensively in the clinic and been shown to be an effective method to increase both the uptake of the construct and the breadth and magnitude of the resulting immune responses. Excitingly, 2014 saw the announcement of the first EP-enhanced DNA vaccine Phase II trial demonstrating clinical efficacy. This review seeks to introduce the reader to EP as a technology to enhance the delivery of DNA and RNA vaccines and highlight several published clinical trials using this delivery modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Broderick
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., 660 West Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
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27
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Lopez-Gordo E, Podgorski II, Downes N, Alemany R. Circumventing antivector immunity: potential use of nonhuman adenoviral vectors. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:285-300. [PMID: 24499174 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are efficient gene delivery vectors based on their ability to transduce a wide variety of cell types and drive high-level transient transgene expression. While there have been advances in modifying human adenoviral (HAdV) vectors to increase their safety profile, there are still pitfalls that need to be further addressed. Preexisting humoral and cellular immunity against common HAdV serotypes limits the efficacy of gene transfer and duration of transgene expression. As an alternative, nonhuman AdV (NHAdV) vectors can circumvent neutralizing antibodies against HAdVs in immunized mice and monkeys and in human sera, suggesting that NHAdV vectors could circumvent preexisting humoral immunity against HAdVs in a clinical setting. Consequently, there has been an increased interest in developing NHAdV vectors for gene delivery in humans. In this review, we outline the recent advances and limitations of HAdV vectors for gene therapy and describe examples of NHAdV vectors focusing on their immunogenicity, tropism, and potential as effective gene therapy vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrella Lopez-Gordo
- 1 Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
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28
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Combined adenovirus vector and hepatitis C virus envelope protein prime-boost regimen elicits T cell and neutralizing antibody immune responses. J Virol 2014; 88:5502-10. [PMID: 24599994 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03574-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Despite the recent progress in the development of new antiviral agents, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major global health problem, and there is a need for a preventive vaccine. We previously reported that adenoviral vectors expressing HCV nonstructural proteins elicit protective T cell responses in chimpanzees and were immunogenic in healthy volunteers. Furthermore, recombinant HCV E1E2 protein formulated with adjuvant MF59 induced protective antibody responses in chimpanzees and was immunogenic in humans. To develop an HCV vaccine capable of inducing both T cell and antibody responses, we constructed adenoviral vectors expressing full-length and truncated E1E2 envelope glycoproteins from HCV genotype 1b. Heterologous prime-boost immunization regimens with adenovirus and recombinant E1E2 glycoprotein (genotype 1a) plus MF59 were evaluated in mice and guinea pigs. Adenovirus prime and protein boost induced broad HCV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses and functional Th1-type IgG responses. Immune sera neutralized luciferase reporter pseudoparticles expressing HCV envelope glycoproteins (HCVpp) and a diverse panel of recombinant cell culture-derived HCV (HCVcc) strains and limited cell-to-cell HCV transmission. This study demonstrated that combining adenovirus vector with protein antigen can induce strong antibody and T cell responses that surpass immune responses achieved by either vaccine alone. IMPORTANCE HCV infection is a major health problem. Despite the availability of new directly acting antiviral agents for treating chronic infection, an affordable preventive vaccine provides the best long-term goal for controlling the global epidemic. This report describes a new anti-HCV vaccine targeting the envelope viral proteins based on adenovirus vector and protein in adjuvant. Rodents primed with the adenovirus vaccine and boosted with the adjuvanted protein developed cross-neutralizing antibodies and potent T cell responses that surpassed immune responses achieved with either vaccine component alone. If combined with the adenovirus vaccine targeting the HCV NS antigens now under clinical testing, this new vaccine might lead to a stronger and broader immune response and to a more effective vaccine to prevent HCV infection. Importantly, the described approach represents a valuable strategy for other infectious diseases in which both T and B cell responses are essential for protection.
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29
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Llanes MS, Palacios NS, Piccione M, Ruiz MG, Layana C. [Molecular aspects of the antiviral response against hepatitis C virus implicated in vaccines development]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2014; 33:273-80. [PMID: 24529681 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C is a contagious liver disease caused by hepacivirus of the Flaviviridae family. It has a RNA genome, a unique highly variable molecule. It encodes ten proteins which are necessary to infect cells and multiply. Replication occurs only in hepatocytes. Because of its wide genomic variability and the absence of symptoms, it is difficult to make an early diagnosis and successful treatment. In this review we analyze the molecular mechanism by which the virus infects the hepatocytes and causes the disease. We focused the analysis on different therapies, with the possibility of improving treatment with the use of new specific vaccines. We highlight the use of new therapies based on nucleic acids, mainly DNA vectors. In the near future, once this treatment is adequately evaluated in clinical trials, and the costs are calculated, it could be a very beneficial alternative to conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Soledad Llanes
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Experimentales, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Soledad Palacios
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Experimentales, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magalí Piccione
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Experimentales, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Guillermina Ruiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Experimentales, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Layana
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Experimentales, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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30
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Abstract
Prevention of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by vaccination has been a priority since discovery of the virus and the need has not diminished over the past 25 years. Infection rates are increasing in developed countries because of intravenous drug use. Reducing transmission will be difficult without a vaccine to prevent persistence of primary infections, and also secondary infections that may occur after cure of chronic hepatitis C with increasingly effective direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens. Vaccine need is also acute in resource poor countries where most new infections occur and DAAs may be unaffordable. Spontaneous resolution of HCV infection confers durable protection, but mechanisms of immunity remain obscure and contested in the context of vaccine design. A vaccine must elicit a CD4+ helper T cell response that does not fail during acute infection. The need for neutralizing antibodies versus cytotoxic CD8+ T cells is unsettled and reflected in the design of two very different vaccines evaluated in humans for safety and immunogenicity. Here we review the status of vaccine development and the scientific and practical challenges that must be met if the burden of liver disease caused by HCV is to be reduced or eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Honegger
- The Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yan Zhou
- The Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christopher M Walker
- The Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
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31
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Ma CJ, Ren JP, Li GY, Wu XY, Brockstedt DG, Lauer P, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ. Enhanced virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses by Listeria monocytogenes-infected dendritic cells in the context of Tim-3 blockade. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87821. [PMID: 24498204 PMCID: PMC3909257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we engineered Listeria monocytogens (Lm) by deleting the LmΔactA/ΔinlB virulence determinants and inserting HCV-NS5B consensus antigens to develop a therapeutic vaccine against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We tested this recombinant Lm-HCV vaccine in triggering of innate and adaptive immune responses in vitro using immune cells from HCV-infected and uninfected individuals. This live-attenuated Lm-HCV vaccine could naturally infect human dendritic cells (DC), thereby driving DC maturation and antigen presentation, producing Th1 cytokines, and triggering CTL responses in uninfected individuals. However, vaccine responses were diminished when using DC and T cells derived from chronically HCV-infected individuals, who express higher levels of inhibitory molecule Tim-3 on immune cells. Notably, blocking Tim-3 signaling significantly improved the innate and adaptive immune responses in chronically HCV-infected patients, indicating that novel strategies to enhance the potential of antigen presentation and cellular responses are essential for developing an effective therapeutic vaccine against HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng J. Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jun P. Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Guang Y. Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Xiao Y. Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | - Peter Lauer
- Aduro BioTech, Inc. Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan P. Moorman
- Hepatitis (HCV/HIV) Program, Department of Veterans Affairs, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Zhi Q. Yao
- Hepatitis (HCV/HIV) Program, Department of Veterans Affairs, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
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32
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Jian L, Zhao Q, Zhang S, Huang W, Xiong Y, Zhou X, Jia B. The prevalence of neutralising antibodies to chimpanzee adenovirus type 6 and type 7 in healthy adult volunteers, patients with chronic hepatitis B and patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma in China. Arch Virol 2013; 159:465-70. [PMID: 24057756 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The presence of neutralising antibodies (NAbs) against adenovirus in the population is a major hurdle preventing the effective use of replication-defective adenoviruses (Ads) as candidates for gene therapy and vaccine vectors for many diseases. Only a few studies have described the epidemiology of pre-existing immunity to chimpanzee Ads in China. To assess the prevalence of NAbs to chimpanzee adenovirus serotypes 6 and 7 (AdC6 and AdC7), we enrolled 998 healthy participants from five regions in China as well as 196 chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients and 193 primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients from Chongqing, China. The total seroprevalence rates of AdC6 and AdC7 NAbs in the healthy participants were 12.22 % (122/998) (95 % confidence interval [CI], 10.34-14.40 %) and 13.13 % (131/998) (95 % CI, 11.17-15.36 %), respectively. The seroprevalence rates of AdC6 and AdC7 NAbs in the HBV patients were 21.43 % (42/196) (95 % CI, 16.26-27.69 %) and 25.51 % (50/196) (95 % CI, 19.92-32.04 %), respectively. The seroprevalence rates of AdC6 and AdC7 NAbs in the HCC patients were 27.46 % (53/193) (95 % CI, 21.65-34.15 %) and 31.09 % (60/193) (95 % CI, 24.98-37.93 %), respectively. The seroprevalence rates of these Ads were not associated with age and gender. The present study may provide useful insights for developing future AdC-based vaccines and gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
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33
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Capone S, D'Alise AM, Ammendola V, Colloca S, Cortese R, Nicosia A, Folgori A. Development of chimpanzee adenoviruses as vaccine vectors: challenges and successes emerging from clinical trials. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 12:379-93. [PMID: 23560919 DOI: 10.1586/erv.13.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Replication-defective chimpanzee adenovirus vectors are emerging as a promising new class of genetic vaccine carriers. Chimpanzee adenovirus vectors have now reached the clinical stage and appear to be endowed with all the properties needed for human vaccine development, including high quality and magnitude of the immune response induced against the encoded antigens, good safety and ease of manufacturing on a large-scale basis. Here the authors review the recent findings of this novel class of adenovirus vectors and compare their properties to other clinical stage vaccine vectors derived from poxvirus, alphavirus and human adenovirus.
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34
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Duncan M, Cranfield MR, Torano H, Kuete HM, Lee GP, Glenn A, Bruder JT, Rangel D, Brough DE, Gall JG. Adenoviruses isolated from wild gorillas are closely related to human species C viruses. Virology 2013; 444:119-23. [PMID: 23806387 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have isolated and cultured three distinct adenoviruses from wild gorillas. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the viruses with human adenovirus species C based on DNA polymerase, hexon, and E4ORF6 genes. The three wild gorilla adenoviruses clustered with the other species C captive gorilla adenoviruses, forming a branch separate from human and chimpanzee/bonobo adenoviruses. Animal sera to the three newly isolated viruses did not cross-neutralize, demonstrating serological distinctiveness. The human adenovirus 5 fiber knob blocked infection, suggesting use of the Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor. These viruses may provide viral vectors with properties distinct from chimpanzee adenovirus and human adenovirus vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- McVey Duncan
- GenVec, Inc., 65W. Watkins Mill Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
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Airway delivery of an adenovirus-based Ebola virus vaccine bypasses existing immunity to homologous adenovirus in nonhuman primates. J Virol 2013; 87:3668-77. [PMID: 23302894 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02864-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-adenovirus serotype 5 antibodies are capable of neutralizing adenovirus serotype 5-based vaccines. In mice and guinea pigs, intranasal delivery of adenovirus serotype 5-based vaccine bypasses induced adenovirus serotype 5 preexisting immunity, resulting in protection against species-adapted Ebola virus challenge. In this study, nonhuman primates were vaccinated with adenovirus serotype 5-based vaccine either intramuscularly or via the airway route (intranasally/intratracheally) in the presence or absence of adenovirus serotype 5 preexisting immunity. Immune responses were evaluated to determine the effect of both the vaccine delivery route and preexisting immunity before and after a lethal Ebola virus (Zaïre strain Kikwit 95) challenge. Intramuscular vaccination fully protected nonhuman primates in the absence of preexisting immunity, whereas the presence of preexisting immunity abrogated vaccine efficacy and resulted in complete mortality. In contrast, the presence of preexisting immunity to adenovirus serotype 5 did not alter the survival rate of nonhuman primates receiving the adenovirus serotype 5-based Ebola virus vaccine in the airway. This study shows that airway vaccination with adenovirus serotype 5-based Ebola virus vaccine can efficiently bypass preexisting immunity to adenovirus serotype 5 and induce protective immune responses, albeit at lower efficacy than that using an intramuscular vaccine delivery route.
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Induction of humoral and cellular immune responses against hepatitis C virus by vaccination with replicon particles derived from Sindbis-like virus XJ-160. Arch Virol 2012; 158:1013-9. [PMID: 23250650 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A replication-defective, recombinant Sindbis virus vector was utilized in a novel immunization strategy to induce humoral and cellular responses against hepatitis C virus (HCV). The recombinant vector, pVaXJ-E1E2, expressing the gene for HCV glycoproteins E2 and E1, was constructed by inserting the E1E2 gene into the replicon pVaXJ, a DNA vector derived from Sindbis-like virus XJ-160. The defective replicon particles, XJ-E1E2, were produced by transfecting BHK-21(E+Capsid) cells, the packaging cell lines for the vector from XJ-160 virus, with pVaXJ-E1E2. Both glycoproteins, E2 and E1, were stably expressed, as indicated by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blotting. Mice were vaccinated using a prime-boost strategy with XJ-E1E2 particles combined with Freund's incomplete adjuvant via intramuscular injection at 0 and 2 weeks. HCV-specific IgG antibody levels and cellular immune responses were evaluated by IFA and IFN-γ ELISPOT, respectively. The results showed that the defective XJ-E1E2 particles in combination with Freund's incomplete adjuvant induced effective humoral and cellular immune responses against HCV glycoprotein E1 or E2, suggesting that a defective Sindbis particle vaccine is capable of eliciting an effective immune response. These findings have important implications for the development of HCV vaccine candidates.
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Yao Z, Moorman JP, Jia Z. Dendritic cell-based immunity and vaccination against hepatitis C virus infection. Immunology 2012; 136:385-96. [PMID: 22486354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2012.03590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has chronically infected an estimated 170 million people worldwide. There are many impediments to the development of an effective vaccine for HCV infection. Dendritic cells (DC) remain the most important antigen-presenting cells for host immune responses, and are capable of either inducing productive immunity or maintaining the state of tolerance to self and non-self antigens. Researchers have recently explored the mechanisms by which DC function is regulated during HCV infection, leading to impaired antiviral T-cell responses and so to persistent viral infection. Recently, DC-based vaccines against HCV have been developed. This review summarizes the current understanding of DC function during HCV infection and explores the prospects of DC-based HCV vaccine. In particular, it describes the biology of DC, the phenotype of DC in HCV-infected patients, the effect of HCV on DC development and function, the studies on new DC-based vaccines against HCV infection, and strategies to improve the efficacy of DC-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- Centre of Diagnosis and Treatment for Infectious Diseases of Chinese PLA, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
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38
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Ip PP, Nijman HW, Wilschut J, Daemen T. Therapeutic vaccination against chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Antiviral Res 2012; 96:36-50. [PMID: 22841700 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 170 million people worldwide are chronic carriers of Hepatitis C virus (HCV). To date, there is no prophylactic vaccine available against HCV. The standard-of-care therapy for HCV infection involves a combination of pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin. This therapy, which is commonly associated with side effects, has a curative rate varying from 43% (HCV genotype 1) to 80% (HCV genotype 2). In 2011, two direct-acting antiviral agents, telaprevir and boceprevir, were approved by the US Food and drug Administration and are now being used in combination with standard-of-care therapy in selected patients infected with HCV genotype 1. Although both drugs are promising, resulting in a shortening of therapy, these drugs also induce additional side effects and have reduced efficacy in patients who did not respond to standard-of-care previously. An alternative approach would be to treat HCV by stimulating the immune system with a therapeutic vaccine ideally aimed at (i) the eradication of HCV-infected cells and (ii) neutralization of infectious HCV particles. The challenge is to develop therapeutic vaccination strategies that are either at least as effective as antiviral drugs but with lower side effects, or vaccines that, when combined with antiviral drugs, can circumvent long-term use of these drugs thereby reducing their side effects. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent preclinical developments in the area of therapeutic vaccination against chronic HCV infection. Although neutralizing antibodies have been described to exert protective immunity, clinical studies on the induction of neutralizing antibodies in therapeutic settings are limited. Therefore, we will primarily discuss therapeutic vaccines which aim to induce effective cellular immune response against HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng Ip
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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39
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Barnes E, Folgori A, Capone S, Swadling L, Aston S, Kurioka A, Meyer J, Huddart R, Smith K, Townsend R, Brown A, Antrobus R, Ammendola V, Naddeo M, O'Hara G, Willberg C, Harrison A, Grazioli F, Esposito ML, Siani L, Traboni C, Oo Y, Adams D, Hill A, Colloca S, Nicosia A, Cortese R, Klenerman P. Novel adenovirus-based vaccines induce broad and sustained T cell responses to HCV in man. Sci Transl Med 2012. [PMID: 22218690 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.300315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Currently, no vaccine exists for hepatitis C virus (HCV), a major pathogen thought to infect 170 million people globally. Many studies suggest that host T cell responses are critical for spontaneous resolution of disease, and preclinical studies have indicated a requirement for T cells in protection against challenge. We aimed to elicit HCV-specific T cells with the potential for protection using a recombinant adenoviral vector strategy in a phase 1 study of healthy human volunteers. Two adenoviral vectors expressing NS proteins from HCV genotype 1B were constructed based on rare serotypes [human adenovirus 6 (Ad6) and chimpanzee adenovirus 3 (ChAd3)]. Both vectors primed T cell responses against HCV proteins; these T cell responses targeted multiple proteins and were capable of recognizing heterologous strains (genotypes 1A and 3A). HCV-specific T cells consisted of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets; secreted interleukin-2, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α; and could be sustained for at least a year after boosting with the heterologous adenoviral vector. Studies using major histocompatibility complex peptide tetramers revealed long-lived central and effector memory pools that retained polyfunctionality and proliferative capacity. These data indicate that an adenoviral vector strategy can induce sustained T cell responses of a magnitude and quality associated with protective immunity and open the way for studies of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines for HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Barnes
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
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Roohvand F, Kossari N. Advances in hepatitis C virus vaccines, part two: advances in hepatitis C virus vaccine formulations and modalities. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 22:391-415. [PMID: 22455502 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.673589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Developing a vaccine against HCV is an important medical and global priority. Unavailability and potential dangers associated with using attenuated HCV viral particles for vaccine preparation have resulted in the use of HCV genes and proteins formulated in novel vaccine modalities. AREAS COVERED In part one of this review, advances in basic knowledge for HCV vaccine design were provided. Herein, a detailed and correlated patents (searched by Espacenet) and literatures (searched by Pubmed) review on HCV vaccine formulations and modalities is provided, including: subunit, DNA, epitopic-peptide/polytopic, live vector- and whole yeast-based vaccines. Less-touched areas in vaccine studies such as mucosal, plant-based, and chimeric HBV/HCV vaccines are also discussed. Furthermore, results of preclinical/clinical studies on selected HCV vaccines as well as pros and cons of different strategies are reviewed. Finally, potential strategies for creation and/or improvement of HCV vaccine formulations are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Promising outcomes of a few HCV vaccine modalities in phase I/II clinical trials predict the accessibility of at least partially effective vaccines to inhibit or treat the chronic state of HCV infection (specially in combination with standard antiviral therapy). ChronVac-C (plasmid DNA), TG4040 (MVA-based), and GI-5005 (whole yeast-based) might be the most obvious HCV vaccine candidates to be approved in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Roohvand
- Hepatitis & AIDS Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Sheehy SH, Duncan CJA, Elias SC, Biswas S, Collins KA, O'Hara GA, Halstead FD, Ewer KJ, Mahungu T, Spencer AJ, Miura K, Poulton ID, Dicks MDJ, Edwards NJ, Berrie E, Moyle S, Colloca S, Cortese R, Gantlett K, Long CA, Lawrie AM, Gilbert SC, Doherty T, Nicosia A, Hill AVS, Draper SJ. Phase Ia clinical evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of the Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage antigen AMA1 in ChAd63 and MVA vaccine vectors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31208. [PMID: 22363582 PMCID: PMC3283618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traditionally, vaccine development against the blood-stage of Plasmodium falciparum infection has focused on recombinant protein-adjuvant formulations in order to induce high-titer growth-inhibitory antibody responses. However, to date no such vaccine encoding a blood-stage antigen(s) alone has induced significant protective efficacy against erythrocytic-stage infection in a pre-specified primary endpoint of a Phase IIa/b clinical trial designed to assess vaccine efficacy. Cell-mediated responses, acting in conjunction with functional antibodies, may be necessary for immunity against blood-stage P. falciparum. The development of a vaccine that could induce both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses would enable important proof-of-concept efficacy studies to be undertaken to address this question. Methodology We conducted a Phase Ia, non-randomized clinical trial in 16 healthy, malaria-naïve adults of the chimpanzee adenovirus 63 (ChAd63) and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) replication-deficient viral vectored vaccines encoding two alleles (3D7 and FVO) of the P. falciparum blood-stage malaria antigen; apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1). ChAd63-MVA AMA1 administered in a heterologous prime-boost regime was shown to be safe and immunogenic, inducing high-level T cell responses to both alleles 3D7 (median 2036 SFU/million PBMC) and FVO (median 1539 SFU/million PBMC), with a mixed CD4+/CD8+ phenotype, as well as substantial AMA1-specific serum IgG responses (medians of 49 µg/mL and 41 µg/mL for 3D7 and FVO AMA1 respectively) that demonstrated growth inhibitory activity in vitro. Conclusions ChAd63-MVA is a safe and highly immunogenic delivery platform for both alleles of the AMA1 antigen in humans which warrants further efficacy testing. ChAd63-MVA is a promising heterologous prime-boost vaccine strategy that could be applied to numerous other diseases where strong cellular and humoral immune responses are required for protection. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01095055
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne H Sheehy
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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42
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Colloca S, Barnes E, Folgori A, Ammendola V, Capone S, Cirillo A, Siani L, Naddeo M, Grazioli F, Esposito ML, Ambrosio M, Sparacino A, Bartiromo M, Meola A, Smith K, Kurioka A, O'Hara GA, Ewer KJ, Anagnostou N, Bliss C, Hill AVS, Traboni C, Klenerman P, Cortese R, Nicosia A. Vaccine vectors derived from a large collection of simian adenoviruses induce potent cellular immunity across multiple species. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:115ra2. [PMID: 22218691 PMCID: PMC3627206 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3002925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Replication-defective adenovirus vectors based on human serotype 5 (Ad5) induce protective immune responses against diverse pathogens and cancer in animal models, as well as elicit robust and sustained cellular immunity in humans. However, most humans have neutralizing antibodies to Ad5, which can impair the immunological potency of such vaccines. Here, we show that rare serotypes of human adenoviruses, which should not be neutralized in most humans, are far less potent as vaccine vectors than Ad5 in mice and nonhuman primates, casting doubt on their potential efficacy in humans. To identify novel vaccine carriers suitable for vaccine delivery in humans, we isolated and sequenced more than 1000 adenovirus strains from chimpanzees (ChAd). Replication-defective vectors were generated from a subset of these ChAd serotypes and screened to determine whether they were neutralized by human sera and able to grow in human cell lines. We then ranked these ChAd vectors by immunological potency and found up to a thousandfold variation in potency for CD8+ T cell induction in mice. These ChAd vectors were safe and immunologically potent in phase 1 clinical trials, thereby validating our screening approach. These data suggest that the ChAd vectors developed here represent a large collection of non-cross-reactive, potent vectors that may be exploited for the development of new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Colloca
- Okairos, via dei Castelli Romani 22, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
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43
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Barnes E, Folgori A, Capone S, Swadling L, Aston S, Kurioka A, Meyer J, Huddart R, Smith K, Townsend R, Brown A, Antrobus R, Ammendola V, Naddeo M, O’Hara G, Willberg C, Harrison A, Grazioli F, Esposito ML, Siani L, Traboni C, Oo Y, Adams D, Hill A, Colloca S, Nicosia A, Cortese R, Klenerman P. Novel adenovirus-based vaccines induce broad and sustained T cell responses to HCV in man. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:115ra1. [PMID: 22218690 PMCID: PMC3627207 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Currently, no vaccine exists for hepatitis C virus (HCV), a major pathogen thought to infect 170 million people globally. Many studies suggest that host T cell responses are critical for spontaneous resolution of disease, and preclinical studies have indicated a requirement for T cells in protection against challenge. We aimed to elicit HCV-specific T cells with the potential for protection using a recombinant adenoviral vector strategy in a phase 1 study of healthy human volunteers. Two adenoviral vectors expressing NS proteins from HCV genotype 1B were constructed based on rare serotypes [human adenovirus 6 (Ad6) and chimpanzee adenovirus 3 (ChAd3)]. Both vectors primed T cell responses against HCV proteins; these T cell responses targeted multiple proteins and were capable of recognizing heterologous strains (genotypes 1A and 3A). HCV-specific T cells consisted of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets; secreted interleukin-2, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α; and could be sustained for at least a year after boosting with the heterologous adenoviral vector. Studies using major histocompatibility complex peptide tetramers revealed long-lived central and effector memory pools that retained polyfunctionality and proliferative capacity. These data indicate that an adenoviral vector strategy can induce sustained T cell responses of a magnitude and quality associated with protective immunity and open the way for studies of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines for HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Barnes
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford UK
| | | | - Stefania Capone
- Okairos, via dei Castelli Romani 22, 00040, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Leo Swadling
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen Aston
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ayako Kurioka
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joel Meyer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel Huddart
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kira Smith
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel Townsend
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anthony Brown
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Antrobus
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Geraldine O’Hara
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chris Willberg
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Abby Harrison
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Loredana Siani
- Okairos, via dei Castelli Romani 22, 00040, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Traboni
- Okairos, via dei Castelli Romani 22, 00040, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Ye Oo
- NIHR Liver BRU, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David Adams
- NIHR Liver BRU, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adrian Hill
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford UK
| | - Stefano Colloca
- Okairos, via dei Castelli Romani 22, 00040, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Nicosia
- Okairos, via dei Castelli Romani 22, 00040, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cortese
- Okairos, via dei Castelli Romani 22, 00040, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford UK
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44
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Richardson JS, Abou MC, Tran KN, Kumar A, Sahai BM, Kobinger GP. Impact of systemic or mucosal immunity to adenovirus on Ad-based Ebola virus vaccine efficacy in guinea pigs. J Infect Dis 2011; 204 Suppl 3:S1032-42. [PMID: 21987739 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 35% of the North American population and an estimated 90% of the sub-Saharan African population have antibodies against adenovirus serotype 5 (AdHu5) that are capable of neutralizing AdHu5-based vaccines. In mice, intranasal delivery of AdHu5 expressing the Zaire ebolavirus glycoprotein human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad) containing the genes for the Zaire ebolavirus glycoprotein (ZGP) under the expressional control of a cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (CMV)) can bypass systemic preexisting immunity, resulting in protection against mouse-adapted Zaire ebolavirus (Mayinga 1976). METHODS Guinea pigs administered an adenovirus-based Ebola virus vaccine either intramuscularly or intranasally in the presence of systemically or mucosally induced adenovirus immunity were challenged with a lethal dose of guinea pig-adapted Zaire ebolavirus (Mayinga 1976) (GA-ZEBOV). The humoral immune response was assayed to determine the effect of vaccine delivery route and preexisting immunity. RESULTS Intramuscular or intranasal vaccination fully protected guinea pigs against a lethal GA-ZEBOV challenge. However, intramuscular vaccination in animals with systemically induced preexisting immunity resulted in low survival following challenge. Interestingly, intranasal vaccination protected guinea pigs with systemic preexisting immunity to AdHu5. Mucosal adenoviral immunity induced by intranasal administration of AdHu5 decreased protection following intranasal vaccination with the first-generation but not with the second-generation vaccine. CONCLUSIONS Intranasal vaccination is an effective vaccine delivery route in the presence of systemic and, to a lower extent, mucosal preexisting immunity to the vaccine vector in guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Richardson
- Special Pathogens Department, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
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45
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Effect of route of delivery on heterologous protection against HCV induced by an adenovirus vector carrying HCV structural genes. Virol J 2011; 8:506. [PMID: 22054309 PMCID: PMC3225406 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An effective vaccine and new therapeutic methods for hepatitis C virus (HCV) are needed, and a potent HCV vaccine must induce robust and sustained cellular-mediated immunity (CMI). Research has indicated that adenoviral and vaccinia vectors may have the ability to elicit strong B and T cell immune responses to target antigens. Results A recombinant replication-defective adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) vector, rAd5-CE1E2, and a recombinant Tian Tan vaccinia vector, rTTV-CE1E2, were constructed to express the HCV CE1E2 gene (1-746 amino acid HCV 1b subtype). Mice were prime-immunised with rAd5-CE1E2 delivered via intramuscular injection (i.m.), intranasal injection (i.n.), or intradermal injection (i.d.) and boosted using a different combination of injection routes. CMI was evaluated via IFN-γ ELISPOT and ICS 2 weeks after immunisation, or 16 weeks after boost for long-term responses. The humoral response was analysed by ELISA. With the exception of priming by i.n. injection, a robust CMI response against multiple HCV antigens (core, E1, E2) was elicited and remained at a high level for a long period (16 weeks post-vaccination) in mice. However, i.n. priming elicited the highest anti-core antibody levels. Priming with i.d. rAd5-CE1E2 and boosting with i.d. rTTV-CE1E2 carried out simultaneously enhanced CMI and the humoral immune response, compared to the homologous rAd5-CE1E2 immune groups. All regimens demonstrated equivalent cross-protective potency in a heterologous surrogate challenge assay based on a recombinant HCV (JFH1, 2a) vaccinia virus. Conclusions Our data suggest that a rAd5-CE1E2-based HCV vaccine would be capable of eliciting an effective immune response and cross-protection. These findings have important implications for the development of T cell-based HCV vaccine candidates.
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46
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Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza G, Prieto J. Gene therapy of liver diseases: a 2011 perspective. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2011; 35:699-708. [PMID: 21778133 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases including inherited metabolic disorders, chronic viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and primary and metastatic liver cancer constitute a formidable health problem because of their high prevalence and the important limitations of current therapies. Gene therapy, a procedure based on the transfer of therapeutic genes to tissues, has been used since the 1990s as a new approach to treating a number of incurable conditions. After a period of lights and shades recent success in treating several devastating diseases like inherited immune deficiency disorders, beta-thalassemia, or inherited blindness appear to herald a new era where gene therapy can be listed among standard therapy options for a wide variety of human conditions. In this review, we provide information illustrating the potentiality of gene therapy in the management of liver diseases lacking other effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Centro de Investigación Medica Aplicada and Clinica Universitaria, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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47
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Computational analysis of two species C human adenoviruses provides evidence of a novel virus. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:3482-90. [PMID: 21849694 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00156-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus C (HAdV-C) species are a common cause of respiratory infections and can occasionally produce severe clinical manifestations. A deeper understanding of the variation and evolution in species HAdV-C is especially important since these viruses, including HAdV-C6, are used as gene delivery vectors for human gene therapy and in other biotechnological applications. Here, the full-genome analysis of the prototype HAdV-C6 and a recently identified virus provisionally termed HAdV-C57 are reported. Although the genomes of all species HAdV-C members are very similar to each other, the E3 region, hexon and fiber (ten proteins total) present a wide range of identity values at the amino acid level. Studies of these viruses in comparison to the other three HAdV-C prototypes (1, 2, and 5) comprise a comprehensive analysis of the diversity and conservation within HAdV-C species. HAdV-C6 contains a recombination event within the constant region of the hexon gene. HAdV-C57 is a recombinant virus with a fiber gene nearly identical to HAdV-C6 and a unique hexon distinguished by its loop 2 motif.
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48
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Torresi J, Johnson D, Wedemeyer H. Progress in the development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines for hepatitis C virus. J Hepatol 2011; 54:1273-85. [PMID: 21236312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood borne disease estimated to chronically infect 3% of the worlds' population causing significant morbidity and mortality. Current medical therapy is curative in approximately 50% of patients. While recent treatment advances of genotype 1 infection using directly acting antiviral agents (DAAs) are encouraging, there is still a need to develop vaccine strategies capable of preventing infection. Moreover, vaccines may also be used in future in combination with DAAs enabling interferon-free treatment regimens. Viral and host specific factors contribute to viral evasion and present important impediments to vaccine development. Both, innate and adaptive immune responses are of major importance for the control of HCV infection. However, HCV has evolved ways of evading the host's immune response in order to establish persistent infection. For example, HCV inhibits intracellular interferon signalling pathways, impairs the activation of dendritic cells, CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell responses, induces a state of T-cell exhaustion and selects escape variants with mutations CD8(+) T cell epitopes. An effective vaccine will need to produce strong and broadly cross-reactive CD4(+), CD8(+) T cell and neutralising antibody (NAb) responses to be successful in preventing or clearing HCV. Vaccines in clinical trials now include recombinant proteins, synthetic peptides, virosome based vaccines, tarmogens, modified vaccinia Ankara based vaccines, and DNA based vaccines. Several preclinical vaccine strategies are also under development and include recombinant adenoviral vaccines, virus like particles, and synthetic peptide vaccines. This paper will review the vaccines strategies employed, their success to date and future directions of vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Torresi
- Austin Centre for Infection Research, Department of Infectious Diseases Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia.
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Weaver EA, Khare R, Hillestad ML, Palmer D, Ng P, Barry MA. Characterization of species C human adenovirus serotype 6 (Ad6). Virology 2011; 412:19-27. [PMID: 21251688 PMCID: PMC3056908 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adenovirus serotype (Ad5) is the most studied Ad. Ad1, 2, and 6 are also members of species C Ad and are presumed to have biologies similar to Ad5. In this work, we have compared the ability of Ad1, 2, 5, and 6 to infect liver and muscle after intravenous and intramuscular injection. We found that Ad6 was surprisingly the most potent at liver gene delivery and that Ad1 and Ad2 were markedly weaker than Ad5 and 6. To understand these differences, we sequenced the Ad6 genome. This revealed that the Ad6 fiber protein is surprisingly three shaft repeats shorter than the others which may explain differences in virus infectivity in vitro, but not in the liver. Comparison of hexon hypervariable regions (HVRs) suggests that the higher transduction by Ad5 and 6 as compared to Ad1 and 2 may be related to differences in charge and length.
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MESH Headings
- Adenovirus Infections, Human/virology
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/growth & development
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- DNA, Viral/chemistry
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genes, Reporter
- Humans
- Liver/pathology
- Liver/virology
- Luciferases/analysis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscles/pathology
- Muscles/virology
- Phylogeny
- Rodent Diseases/pathology
- Rodent Diseases/virology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Transduction, Genetic
- Whole Body Imaging/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Weaver
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902
| | - Reeti Khare
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902
| | - Mathew L. Hillestad
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902
| | - Donna Palmer
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Philip Ng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael A. Barry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902
- Department of Immunology, Department of Molecμlar Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902
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50
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Capone S, Reyes-Sandoval A, Naddeo M, Siani L, Ammendola V, Rollier CS, Nicosia A, Colloca S, Cortese R, Folgori A, Hill AVS. Immune responses against a liver-stage malaria antigen induced by simian adenoviral vector AdCh63 and MVA prime-boost immunisation in non-human primates. Vaccine 2010; 29:256-65. [PMID: 21029806 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a major health problem as nearly half of the human population is exposed to this parasite causing around 600 million clinical cases annually. Prime-boost regimes using simian adenoviral vectors and MVA expressing the clinically relevant Plasmodium falciparum ME.TRAP antigen have shown outstanding protective efficacy in mouse models. We now extend those observations to macaque monkeys. Immunisation with AdCh63 elicited a median response of 869 IFN-γ SFC/million PBMCs to ME.TRAP and responses were boosted by MVA to reach 5256 SFC/million PBMCs, increasing at the same time the breadth of the T cell responses to cover the complete ME.TRAP antigen. Intramuscular vaccination was more immunogenic than the intradermal route, and MVA could be used repeatedly for up to 3 times to boost adenovirus-primed responses. An interval of 16 weeks between repeated MVA injections was optimal to enhance cytokine production by T cells and improve the CD8 multifunctional responses. Antibodies to TRAP were exceptionally high and maintained for a long period of time after the prime-boost regime. These results in non-human primates highlight the potential of this vaccination regime and encourage its future use in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Capone
- Okairos, Via dei Castelli Romani 22, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
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